Pierce, Medrano, Geller for Council - Clayton Pioneer
Pierce, Medrano, Geller for Council - Clayton Pioneer
Pierce, Medrano, Geller for Council - Clayton Pioneer
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Page 8 <strong>Clayton</strong> <strong>Pioneer</strong> • www.claytonpioneer.com November 7, 2008<br />
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Jet stream unlocks some weather mysteries<br />
Wind can be defined simply<br />
as air in motion. In the <strong>Clayton</strong><br />
area, we experience several different<br />
types of wind throughout<br />
the year.<br />
For example, we get the<br />
cooling benefit of a sea breeze<br />
in the summertime and hot dry<br />
Diablo winds during the fall.<br />
Those types of wind affect the<br />
lowest layer of the atmosphere.<br />
Thousands of feet above the<br />
earth’s surface, unique wind patterns<br />
also exist. The most common<br />
of these is a phenomenon<br />
known as the jet stream.<br />
The troposphere is the lowest<br />
layer of the earth’s atmos-<br />
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phere, and at our latitude is<br />
about eight miles high. Jet<br />
stream winds can be pictured as<br />
rivers of air that move in wavelike<br />
patterns around the world.<br />
The average location of the<br />
jet stream varies with the seasons.<br />
In our Northern<br />
Hemisphere, the jet stream sags<br />
southward over the central portion<br />
of the United States.<br />
During summer, it retreats<br />
northward to a mean position<br />
near the Canadian border.<br />
The jet stream wind pattern<br />
was first documented in the<br />
1920s by a Japanese scientist,<br />
Wasaburo Ooishi. He analyzed<br />
data from some of the first<br />
weather observation balloons<br />
and wrote about the unusually<br />
strong wind speeds measured at<br />
high altitudes above the ground.<br />
Wiley Post is credited with<br />
making the first direct measurements<br />
of the jet stream. Post,<br />
the American pilot who made<br />
the first around the world solo<br />
flight in 1933, also invented a<br />
pressurized flight suit that<br />
enabled airplanes to fly at altitudes<br />
exceeding 20,000 feet.<br />
The jet stream name was<br />
coined several years later by<br />
German meteorologist Henry<br />
Seilkopf, who wrote a journal<br />
article about the strong upper<br />
level winds documented by air-<br />
plane pilots.<br />
During World War II, meteorologists<br />
were asked to create<br />
daily flight maps <strong>for</strong> pilots.<br />
Locating the jet stream using<br />
weather balloon and pilot<br />
reports was critical to long-distance<br />
flight planning. Pilots<br />
needed to find strong<br />
tailwinds in their eastward<br />
flights and<br />
calmer winds on the<br />
return flights to<br />
increase flight<br />
speeds and preserve<br />
fuel.<br />
After the war,<br />
computer model-<br />
ing of the atmosphere<br />
enabled<br />
weather <strong>for</strong>ecasters<br />
to not only map<br />
current jet stream<br />
locations, but also<br />
predict future paths <strong>for</strong><br />
these rivers of air.<br />
Research showed that<br />
jet stream wind patterns were<br />
key to the successful prediction<br />
of future weather conditions on<br />
the ground. Jet stream winds<br />
develop near the boundary of<br />
adjacent air masses, where significant<br />
differences in air temperature<br />
can occur. Since warm<br />
air is less dense than cold air,<br />
strong pressure gradients <strong>for</strong>m<br />
at the air mass boundaries and<br />
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these winds develop vertically.<br />
The strongest jet streams are<br />
located over the middle latitudes<br />
of the earth in both hemispheres.<br />
This is where cold<br />
polar air masses meet warm<br />
tropical air masses, and the jet<br />
stream in this area is known as<br />
the polar jet stream.<br />
Due to the curvature of the<br />
earth and the fact that the earth<br />
spins, jet streams develop as<br />
waves with ridges and troughs.<br />
Ridges in the jet stream are usually<br />
associated with dry clear<br />
weather, and troughs are associated<br />
with wet and windy weather.<br />
Accurately <strong>for</strong>ecasting the<br />
position and strength of jet<br />
stream troughs is the most<br />
important tool <strong>for</strong><br />
accurately predicting<br />
storm intensity.<br />
The discovery<br />
of the jet stream<br />
was one of the<br />
most important<br />
events in meteorological<br />
history.<br />
The study of its<br />
causes and characteristics<br />
has<br />
allowed weather<br />
<strong>for</strong>ecasters to<br />
connect the dots<br />
in the relationship<br />
between weather<br />
conditions on the<br />
ground and wind conditions<br />
in the atmosphere.<br />
The next time you fly, think<br />
of it as a journey on a ship sailing<br />
on a river of air – a meandering<br />
river of air known as the<br />
jet stream.<br />
Disaster drill tests volunteers’ skills<br />
On Oct. 25, a fictitious 8.9<br />
earthquake hit <strong>Clayton</strong> and<br />
about 30 members of the city’s<br />
emergency team leapt into<br />
action.<br />
Community Emergency<br />
Response Team (CERT) members<br />
from <strong>Clayton</strong> and neighboring<br />
zones rallied near the<br />
Dana Hills cabana club <strong>for</strong> the<br />
incident response exercise.<br />
There, the CERT area coordinator<br />
dispatched teams into<br />
the neighborhood to respond to<br />
training scenarios consistent<br />
with a large-scale earthquake.<br />
Upon completion of the<br />
neighborhood observations and<br />
responses, CERT members<br />
returned to the rally point <strong>for</strong> a<br />
Rotary, from page 2<br />
A brief Powerpoint presentation<br />
hosted by Orthopedic<br />
Surgeon and Rotarian Torsten<br />
Jacobsen showed the far reaching<br />
effect that Rotary has had<br />
in virtually eliminating Polio<br />
worldwide, providing medical<br />
services to people in Nigeria<br />
and Southeast Asia as well as<br />
the thrust of “Ending poverty,<br />
medical triage exercise.<br />
“Victims” were assigned various<br />
injuries and symptoms, and<br />
CERT members assessed their<br />
condition and stated the necessary<br />
actions.<br />
CERT is a volunteer organization<br />
made up of <strong>Clayton</strong> residents.<br />
It was established in 2007<br />
as a way <strong>for</strong> the city to be prepared<br />
and have a <strong>for</strong>mal structure<br />
in the event of an emergency.<br />
CERT training includes<br />
search and rescue, triage and<br />
first aid.<br />
<strong>Clayton</strong> residents interested<br />
in CERT membership can visit<br />
www.claytoncert.org <strong>for</strong> more<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation.<br />
one village at a time,” the<br />
evening concluded with a live<br />
auction.<br />
“It was a fun evening,” said<br />
<strong>Clayton</strong> resident, Michael King,<br />
whose daughter bid on an won<br />
several of the auction items.<br />
“The food was great.”<br />
Some of the silent auction<br />
items included a family photo-<br />
Subtropical<br />
Jetstream<br />
Polar<br />
Jetstream<br />
Woody Whitlatch is a meteorologist<br />
with PG&E. Email your questions<br />
or comments to<br />
clayton_909@yahoo.com<br />
CERT VOLUNTEERS practice their emergency response skills<br />
in a recent area-wide drill at the Dana Hills cabana club.<br />
graphic portrait package, a<br />
Tahoe weekend complete with<br />
cabin, and a collection of specialty<br />
Australian wines in a gift<br />
basket. Live auction items<br />
included a helicopter tour.<br />
The <strong>Clayton</strong> Valley/<br />
Concord Sunrise Rotary also is<br />
involved in obtaining and distributing<br />
dictionaries to local<br />
area schools, food sorting at<br />
the Food Bank of Contra<br />
Costa and Solano Counties,<br />
sponsorship of Camp Venture,<br />
a business/ entrepreneur outdoor<br />
experience and Camp<br />
Royal, a youth leadership camp,<br />
among many other worthwhile<br />
endeavors.<br />
Rotary is part of a global<br />
organization of over 33,000<br />
clubs in 168 countries and<br />
remains an important non-governmental,<br />
non-religious, nonpolitical<br />
service organization<br />
with over 1.2 million members.