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Pierce, Medrano, Geller for Council - Clayton Pioneer

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Page 8 <strong>Clayton</strong> <strong>Pioneer</strong> • www.claytonpioneer.com November 7, 2008<br />

Contractors<br />

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Jet stream unlocks some weather mysteries<br />

Wind can be defined simply<br />

as air in motion. In the <strong>Clayton</strong><br />

area, we experience several different<br />

types of wind throughout<br />

the year.<br />

For example, we get the<br />

cooling benefit of a sea breeze<br />

in the summertime and hot dry<br />

Diablo winds during the fall.<br />

Those types of wind affect the<br />

lowest layer of the atmosphere.<br />

Thousands of feet above the<br />

earth’s surface, unique wind patterns<br />

also exist. The most common<br />

of these is a phenomenon<br />

known as the jet stream.<br />

The troposphere is the lowest<br />

layer of the earth’s atmos-<br />

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phere, and at our latitude is<br />

about eight miles high. Jet<br />

stream winds can be pictured as<br />

rivers of air that move in wavelike<br />

patterns around the world.<br />

The average location of the<br />

jet stream varies with the seasons.<br />

In our Northern<br />

Hemisphere, the jet stream sags<br />

southward over the central portion<br />

of the United States.<br />

During summer, it retreats<br />

northward to a mean position<br />

near the Canadian border.<br />

The jet stream wind pattern<br />

was first documented in the<br />

1920s by a Japanese scientist,<br />

Wasaburo Ooishi. He analyzed<br />

data from some of the first<br />

weather observation balloons<br />

and wrote about the unusually<br />

strong wind speeds measured at<br />

high altitudes above the ground.<br />

Wiley Post is credited with<br />

making the first direct measurements<br />

of the jet stream. Post,<br />

the American pilot who made<br />

the first around the world solo<br />

flight in 1933, also invented a<br />

pressurized flight suit that<br />

enabled airplanes to fly at altitudes<br />

exceeding 20,000 feet.<br />

The jet stream name was<br />

coined several years later by<br />

German meteorologist Henry<br />

Seilkopf, who wrote a journal<br />

article about the strong upper<br />

level winds documented by air-<br />

plane pilots.<br />

During World War II, meteorologists<br />

were asked to create<br />

daily flight maps <strong>for</strong> pilots.<br />

Locating the jet stream using<br />

weather balloon and pilot<br />

reports was critical to long-distance<br />

flight planning. Pilots<br />

needed to find strong<br />

tailwinds in their eastward<br />

flights and<br />

calmer winds on the<br />

return flights to<br />

increase flight<br />

speeds and preserve<br />

fuel.<br />

After the war,<br />

computer model-<br />

ing of the atmosphere<br />

enabled<br />

weather <strong>for</strong>ecasters<br />

to not only map<br />

current jet stream<br />

locations, but also<br />

predict future paths <strong>for</strong><br />

these rivers of air.<br />

Research showed that<br />

jet stream wind patterns were<br />

key to the successful prediction<br />

of future weather conditions on<br />

the ground. Jet stream winds<br />

develop near the boundary of<br />

adjacent air masses, where significant<br />

differences in air temperature<br />

can occur. Since warm<br />

air is less dense than cold air,<br />

strong pressure gradients <strong>for</strong>m<br />

at the air mass boundaries and<br />

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these winds develop vertically.<br />

The strongest jet streams are<br />

located over the middle latitudes<br />

of the earth in both hemispheres.<br />

This is where cold<br />

polar air masses meet warm<br />

tropical air masses, and the jet<br />

stream in this area is known as<br />

the polar jet stream.<br />

Due to the curvature of the<br />

earth and the fact that the earth<br />

spins, jet streams develop as<br />

waves with ridges and troughs.<br />

Ridges in the jet stream are usually<br />

associated with dry clear<br />

weather, and troughs are associated<br />

with wet and windy weather.<br />

Accurately <strong>for</strong>ecasting the<br />

position and strength of jet<br />

stream troughs is the most<br />

important tool <strong>for</strong><br />

accurately predicting<br />

storm intensity.<br />

The discovery<br />

of the jet stream<br />

was one of the<br />

most important<br />

events in meteorological<br />

history.<br />

The study of its<br />

causes and characteristics<br />

has<br />

allowed weather<br />

<strong>for</strong>ecasters to<br />

connect the dots<br />

in the relationship<br />

between weather<br />

conditions on the<br />

ground and wind conditions<br />

in the atmosphere.<br />

The next time you fly, think<br />

of it as a journey on a ship sailing<br />

on a river of air – a meandering<br />

river of air known as the<br />

jet stream.<br />

Disaster drill tests volunteers’ skills<br />

On Oct. 25, a fictitious 8.9<br />

earthquake hit <strong>Clayton</strong> and<br />

about 30 members of the city’s<br />

emergency team leapt into<br />

action.<br />

Community Emergency<br />

Response Team (CERT) members<br />

from <strong>Clayton</strong> and neighboring<br />

zones rallied near the<br />

Dana Hills cabana club <strong>for</strong> the<br />

incident response exercise.<br />

There, the CERT area coordinator<br />

dispatched teams into<br />

the neighborhood to respond to<br />

training scenarios consistent<br />

with a large-scale earthquake.<br />

Upon completion of the<br />

neighborhood observations and<br />

responses, CERT members<br />

returned to the rally point <strong>for</strong> a<br />

Rotary, from page 2<br />

A brief Powerpoint presentation<br />

hosted by Orthopedic<br />

Surgeon and Rotarian Torsten<br />

Jacobsen showed the far reaching<br />

effect that Rotary has had<br />

in virtually eliminating Polio<br />

worldwide, providing medical<br />

services to people in Nigeria<br />

and Southeast Asia as well as<br />

the thrust of “Ending poverty,<br />

medical triage exercise.<br />

“Victims” were assigned various<br />

injuries and symptoms, and<br />

CERT members assessed their<br />

condition and stated the necessary<br />

actions.<br />

CERT is a volunteer organization<br />

made up of <strong>Clayton</strong> residents.<br />

It was established in 2007<br />

as a way <strong>for</strong> the city to be prepared<br />

and have a <strong>for</strong>mal structure<br />

in the event of an emergency.<br />

CERT training includes<br />

search and rescue, triage and<br />

first aid.<br />

<strong>Clayton</strong> residents interested<br />

in CERT membership can visit<br />

www.claytoncert.org <strong>for</strong> more<br />

in<strong>for</strong>mation.<br />

one village at a time,” the<br />

evening concluded with a live<br />

auction.<br />

“It was a fun evening,” said<br />

<strong>Clayton</strong> resident, Michael King,<br />

whose daughter bid on an won<br />

several of the auction items.<br />

“The food was great.”<br />

Some of the silent auction<br />

items included a family photo-<br />

Subtropical<br />

Jetstream<br />

Polar<br />

Jetstream<br />

Woody Whitlatch is a meteorologist<br />

with PG&E. Email your questions<br />

or comments to<br />

clayton_909@yahoo.com<br />

CERT VOLUNTEERS practice their emergency response skills<br />

in a recent area-wide drill at the Dana Hills cabana club.<br />

graphic portrait package, a<br />

Tahoe weekend complete with<br />

cabin, and a collection of specialty<br />

Australian wines in a gift<br />

basket. Live auction items<br />

included a helicopter tour.<br />

The <strong>Clayton</strong> Valley/<br />

Concord Sunrise Rotary also is<br />

involved in obtaining and distributing<br />

dictionaries to local<br />

area schools, food sorting at<br />

the Food Bank of Contra<br />

Costa and Solano Counties,<br />

sponsorship of Camp Venture,<br />

a business/ entrepreneur outdoor<br />

experience and Camp<br />

Royal, a youth leadership camp,<br />

among many other worthwhile<br />

endeavors.<br />

Rotary is part of a global<br />

organization of over 33,000<br />

clubs in 168 countries and<br />

remains an important non-governmental,<br />

non-religious, nonpolitical<br />

service organization<br />

with over 1.2 million members.

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