A comparative analysis of Disaster Risk management Practices in ...

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consequently, their associated risks are pretty much known and have been accuratelymapped. However, serious limitations related to governance and knowledge managementsurfaced in most of the cities. Appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks and stronginstitutions and coordination need to be examined.4. Creative DRM communications tools are needed to further promote understanding,awareness and mainly motivate action from local officials and the general public in riskreduction activities. Strengthening existing DRM knowledge systems and promoting theiruse at all levels can certainly contribute in this regard. Initiatives such as the one beingpromoted by EMI and its partners through the 3cd Program that uses internet based MapViewers and a Megacity Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Base (MDRM-KB)should be emphasized as means to make accessible and facilitate exchange of information.5. The use of Sound Practices for risk reduction turns out to be a good option to learn fromothers’ experience, avoid repeating the same mistakes and choosing from a number ofoptions that have been already tested elsewhere, consequently improving the use ofvaluable time and other resources.ABOUT THE AUTHORSJeannette Fernandez is the 3cd Program Component 1 coordinator, currently working as aconsultant for the Pacific Disaster Center. Phone: +1-808-8917935, Email: jfernandez@pdc.orgFouad Bendimerad is the chairman of the board of the Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative(EMI), currently visiting professor at Kobe University in Japan. Phone: +1-408-768 8987, Email:fouadmail@sbcglobal.netShirley Mattingly is the EMI 3cd Program Director, former FEMA Region IX director and LosAngeles City Emergency Management Director, currently advisor on urban disaster riskmanagement for Asian and Latin American countries. Email: abovethebay@earthlink.netJim Buika is the PDC’s 3cd Project Manager and a Senior Manager at the Pacific DisasterCenter in Maui, Hawaii. Phone:+1-808-8917913, Email: jbuika@pdc.orgACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Allen Clark and the PDC staff for contributing to thedevelopment of this investigation. Also to Dr. Neil Britton and Dr. Antonio Fernandez fromEdM-Team-4 in Kobe, Japan and our colleagues in the seven cities all of whom assisted the 3cdProgram Implementation Team in collecting and analyzing valuable information pertaining toDisaster Risk Management in those megacities.14
Attachment Ia. DRM Assessment Matrix – Political Commitment and Institutional AspectsPolicy and Planning LegislationResourcesMANILA MUMBAI KATHMANDU ISTANBUL QUITO BOGOTA- Maharashtra DMproject –2000- OCD submits yearly aND and CalamityPreparedness Plan forpresidential approval- EmergencyPreparedness Plan andmaster plan for Eq.impact reduction(MMEIRS-2004)initial phase ofimplementation.-Presidential Decree No.1566 - 1978 creates theNDCC-PD 474-1974 providesfor a 2% Calamity Fund-Special PD 824-1975 tocreate MMDA as apublic corporation-Local GovernmentCode 1991-2% allocated for theNational Calamity Fund-5% of estimatedrevenues shall be setaside by the localgovernments to addresscalamities, funds arereleased 24 hours afterdisaster declaration.Focused on postevent relief.- Mumbai’s DMP mostlyfocused on response.- ComprehensiveNational DisasterFramework is beingadopted by everystate.-High PoweredCommission on DisasterManagement 1999-Government rules,2002 transfers DRMresponsibilities fromMOA (Agriculture) toMOHA (Home)-District Disaster Officerfor Greater Mumbai,1994-A calamity relief fund isset up in each state, 75%the Government and25% the state to a totalamount fixed by theNational FinanceCommission.-Government managesits own NationalCalamity ContingencyFund. Both are focusedon post event relief.- KV counts on theEarthquake DisasterMitigation Plandeveloped by MOHAin cooperation withJICA-2002, whichhas not beenimplemented. It hasan integralperspective to addressDRM.-Natural CalamityRelief Act, 1982.-Local AdministrationAct, 1971-Local SelfGovernance Act, 1999-KV TownDevelopment Act,2000Building Act, 1998-A Central NaturalDisaster Aid Fundreleases budget to theDistrict NaturalDisaster Aid Fundaccording to specificneeds to faceemergencies.-New DRMMPdesigned (2000-2004)under the leadership ofthe IMM with thesupport of 4 technicallocal universities hasjust started itsimplementationphase.-Disaster Law-Civil Defense Law-Development Law-Law of Municipalities(1958) provides forDRM at the municipallevel-Building supervisionLaw (4708)-Compulsory Eq.Insurance PD-Building Const.Supervision PD-Not clear if calamityfunds or annualbudgets for DRR areavailable. There seemsto be a fund allocatedfrom the nationalbudget to be used inDRR activities.-CompulsoryEarthquake insurancefor risk transferadopted at the nationaland city levels.- No specific plansfor DRR available atnational or city level.- Emergencyresponse plans havebeen preparedconsidering volcaniceruption, givenrecent episodes inthe city.-Law for NationalSecurity, norms of1976, law passed on1991-Law for the creationof QuitoMetropolitanDistrict, 1999-The CommunitySafety Departmentcounts on a theSafety Tax charged tothe residents inQuito, a smallpercentage isassigned to the DRMunit, which has 2 fulltime staffs.- National Plan fordisaster preventionand attentionavailable, it hascascaded to the city,localities andsectoral levels,through a set ofguidelines toproduce specificmitigation andemergency plans.-Executive Decree919 of 1989 at thenational level-1991 constitutionestablishing adecentralized modelfor the country-Specific Law forBogotá CapitalDistrict 1993-FOPAE, city'sfund for preventionand attentionnurtured by the0.5% of all taxescollected by the city.-Additional fundsare allocated forspecific programs tothe institutions incharge of theexecution.15
Page 1 and 2: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISASTER RI
Page 3 and 4: outputs of the 3cd Program, the Meg
Page 5 and 6: Organizationalstructures• Intermi
Page 7 and 8: The role of the civil society and b
Page 9 and 10: Philippine Institute for Volcanolog
Page 11 and 12: cluster cities meeting organized th
Page 13: The school earthquake seismic safet
Page 17 and 18: MANILA MUMBAI KATHMANDU ISTANBUL QU
Page 19 and 20: Attachment IIIa. DRM Assessment Mat
Page 21: REFERENCES1ISDR (2003), A draft fra

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