GreenLine

Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 1André SturzelProduct Manager+ 41 81 632 7180andre.sturzel@emsgrivory.com

What is GreenLine?• Comprehensive line of bio based Polyamides• High bio content• Significant contribution to the reductionof CO 2 emissions• Polymers with strong properties• True alternatives to crude oil based EngineeringPlastics• Fully recyclable polymers• Non-biodegradable polymersGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 2

GreenLine – Product familiesFamilyGrilamid 1SGrilamid 2SGrivory HT3Grilamid BTRPolymerPA1010PA610PPAamorphous PABio-content *up to 99%up to 62%up to 48%up to 54%* According to ASTM D 6866-08, expressed in % of bio based carbon in the polymerGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 3

GreenLine – BiosourceCastor Plant• High content of Castor Oil• Robust annual plant• Not a food plant• Not competing with food cropsfor land• Grown in semi arid areas(India, China, Brazil)• Complementary to other plantssuch as cottonGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 4

GreenLine – Properties Grilamid 1S and 2SDensity1 0PA1010Processing86StrengthPA610PA64PA122Chem. resistance0Impact resistanceDim. stabilityMelting temp.Heat resistanceGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 5

GreenLine – Chemistry Grilamid 1S PA1010FamilyGrilamid 1SPolymerPA1010Bio-contentup to 99%OnNH 2H 2NHOdecane diamine*+nsebacic acid*OOHHNHHNOpolyamide 1010OnOH+ 2n-1 H 2 O* castor oil derivativesGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 6

GreenLine – Key characteristics Grilamid 1SFamilyGrilamid 1SPA1010Key Characteristics Very high bio content Properties similar to PA12 Very low moisture absorption Strong UV and chemical resistance Excellent zinc-chloride resistance For injection moulding and extrusion From flexible to high stiffness Excellent adhesion to Grilamid BTRGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 7

GreenLine – CharacteristicsGrilamid 1S PA1010 unreinforcedDesignationXE 4170 naturalFE7581 blackFE8810 naturalFE8840 naturalFE7917 black [1]Characteristicslow viscosity, non stabilised base polymerlow viscosity, heat resistantlow viscosity, heat and UV resistanthigh viscosity, heat and UV resistantmedium viscosity, higly heat and UV resistant[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 8

GreenLine – CharacteristicsGrilamid 1S PA1010 reinforcedDesignationFE5366 blackFE5367 black [2]XE 4176 blackFE8848 naturalFE8892 black1SVX-50H natural / black1SVX-65H natural / blackFE7908 naturalXE 4116 natural / blackGlassfibre %303050303050653555Characteristics [1]heat resistantstrongly heat resistantheat resistanthigh flow, high stiffness,heat and UV resistanthigh stiffness, improved paintability[1] Products with the characteristic "high stiffness" have a low warpage behaviour[2] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 9

GreenLine – CharacteristicsGrilamid 1S PA1010 plasticisedDesignationXE 4180 natural/blackflexible(former FE7065)XE 4181 natural/blacksemi-flexible(former FE7072)Characteristics• High viscosity, plasticised and impact modified,heat and UV resistant• Characteristics designed towards HIPHLaccording to DIN 73378• High viscosity, plasticised and impact modified,heat and UV resistant• Characteristics designed towards PHLYaccording to DIN 73378GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 10

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 1S PA1010 unreinforcedDesignationXE 4170 naturalFE7581 blackFE8810 naturalFE8840 naturalFE7917 black [1]ApplicationsGeneral purpose injection mouldingGeneral purpose injection mouldingGeneral purpose injection moulding, sports/leisureTechnical sheet and filmCable sheathing, rigid tubing[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 11

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 1S PA1010 reinforcedDesignationFE5366 blackFE5367 black [1]XE 4176 blackFE8848 naturalFE8892 black1SVX-50H natural / black1SVX-65H natural / blackFE7908 naturalXE 4116 natural / blackApplicationsGeneral purpose injection moulding,automotive connectorsHigh temperature injection mouldedautomotive applicationsGeneral purpose injection moulding,automotive connectorsGeneral precision injection mouldingElectronic device housingsPainted electronic device housings[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 12

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 1S PA1010 plasticisedDesignationXE 4180 natural/black(Former FE7065)XE 4181 natural/black(Former FE7072)ApplicationsFlexible tubes for automotive mediaIndustrial hydraulic and pneumatic tubesSemi-flexible tubes for automotive mediaIndustrial hydraulic and pneumatic tubesGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 13

GreenLine – Overview unreinforcedGrilamid 1S PA1010UnreinforcedPlasticisedXE 4170FE7581FE8810FE8840FE7917 (1)XE 4180XE 4181Low viscosityMedium viscosityHigh viscosityPlasticisedCharacteristicsImpact modifiedUV-resistantHeat resistantHigh heat resistantRelease agentProcessInjection mouldingExtrusionFuel tubesTargetApplicationAir brake tubesSheet, film, profilesCable sheathingInjected components(1) not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 14

GreenLine – Overview reinforcedGrilamid 1S PA1010High impactStandard glass filledhigh flow and stiffness (2)high flow and stiffness (2)improved paintabilityFE5366FE5367 (1)XE4176FE8848naturalFE8892black1SVX-50H1SVX-65HFE7908XE4116Low viscosity/high flowMedium viscosityHigh impactCharacteristicsUV-resistantHeat resistantHigh heat resistantReinforcement %303050303050653555General purpose injectionHigh temperatureTargetApplicationE&E housingsE&E housings paintedPrecision injectionQuick connectors(1) not recommended for direct contact with gasoline(2) low warpage behaviour after mouldingGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 15

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 1SPA1010GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 16

GreenLine – Properties Grilamid 1SDensityGlass fibre reinforced products1 0Processing8Dimensional stability64PA1010 GF502PA1010 GF65Heat resistance0StrengthPA12 GF50PA12 GF65Chemical resistanceNotched impactNotched cold impactGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 17

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 1S PA1010 unreinforcedStand.UnitsGrilamidXE 4170PA1010GrilamidL 20PA12GrilonBS-2PA6Tensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa120011001100Tensile strenght at break *ISO 527MPa455050Elongation at break *%>50>50> 50Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °C smoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m 2n.b./n.b.5/5n.b. / n.b.7 / 6n.b. / 3020 /3HDT/AISO 75°C505055HDT/BISO 75°C120125170Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C200178222Moisture absorbtion 23°C, 50%rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%12.10.71.539DensityISO 1183%1.051.011.14Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%0.80.90.80.851.051.05* conditioned"n.b." No breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 18

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 1S PA1010 reinforcedStand.UnitsGrilamidFE5366blackPA101030% GFGrilamidLV-3HPA1230% GFGrilamidXE 4176blackPA101050% GFGrilamidLV-5HPA1250% GFTensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa7600**600013000**11500Tensile strenght at break *ISO 527MPa125**105180**135Elongation at break *%5**83.5**6Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °CsmoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m 285/8515/1080/8020/15100/8518/1580/8020/15HDT/AISO 75°C-160180165Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C200178200178Moisture absorbtion 23°C, 50%rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%--0.61.10.62.00.40.8DensityISO 1183%-1.221.511.47Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%--0.10.75--0.10.5*conditioned**dry"n.b." No breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 19

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 1S PA1010 plasticisedStand.UnitsGrilamidXE 4180 **PA1010flexibleGrilamidL 25 W 40 XPA12flexibleGrilamidXE 4181 **PA1010½-flexibleGrilamidL 25 W 20 YPA12½-flexibleTensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa500360680500Tensile strenght at break *ISO 527MPa40254530Elongation at break *%> 50> 50> 50> 50Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °CsmoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m 2n.b./-n.b./-n.b. / n.b.n.b./15n.b./ -15/ -n.b. / n.bn.b. / 7HDT/AISO 75°C-45-45Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C198173198178Moisture absorbtion 23°C, 50%rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%--0.71.4--0.71.5DensityISO 1183%-1.021.02Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%--0.91.25--0.81.2* conditioned ** dry conditions"n.b." No breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 20

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 1S PA1010 highly reinforcedStand.UnitsGrilamid1SVX-65HPA101065% GFGrilamidLV-65H SSTPA1265% GFGrilamidLVX-65 H SSTPA1265% GFGrivoryGV-6HPA66+X60%GFGrivoryGVX-6HPA66+X60% GFTensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa1700018000170002100022000Tensile strenght *ISO 527MPa200180185240260Elongation at break *%23.52.522Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °CsmoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m 285 / 8022 / 2075 / 7515 / 1390 / 8525 / 2080 / 8014 / 1375 / 7015 / 15HDT/AISO 75°C190165175235250Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C200178178260260Moisture absorbtion23°C, 50% rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%0.620.30.70.40.81.23.51.23.5DensityISO 1183%1.761.701.701.691.69Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%0.10.40.10.450.050.30.050.30.050.25* conditioned"n.b." No breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 21

GreenLine – Chemistry Grilamid 2SFamilyGrilamid 2SPolymerPA610Bio-contentup to 62%OnN H 2NH 2N H Ohexamethylene diamine #+nHOsebacic acid*OOHOHNHnOH+ 2n-1 H 2 Opolyamide 610* castor oil derivative#derived from crude oilGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 22

GreenLine – Key characteristicsFamilyGrilamid 2SPA610Key Characteristics High bio content Characteristics between PA6 or PA66 and PA12 Low water absorption Good chemical resistance For injection moulding and extrusionGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 23

GreenLine – CharacteristicsGrilamid 2S PA610 unreinforcedDesignationFE7583 naturalXE 4073 naturalXE 3959 naturalXE 3959 black 9992 [1]XE 4128 black 9221 [1]XE 4129 black 9020 [1]Characteristicsunreinforced, release agentheat and UV resistant, release agenthigh viscosity, impact resistant, highly heat resistanthigh viscosity, impact resistant, highly heat resistantlow volume expansion under pressure andtemperaturehigh viscosity, impact resistant, highly heat resistant,low volume expansion under pressure andtemperature[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 24

GreenLine – CharacteristicsGrilamid 2S PA610 reinforcedDesignationXE 4192 black [1](former FE5368)XE 3976 natural / blackXE 4104 natural / blackXE 4105 natural / blackGlass fibre%30304050Characteristicshighly heat resistantheat resistant[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 25

GreenLine – CharacteristicsGrilamid 2S PA610 plasticisedDesignationXE 3974 natural / blackXE 3975 natural / black [1]Characteristicssemi-flexible, heat resistancesemi-flexible, highly heat resistance[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 26

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 2S PA610 unreinforcedDesignationFE7583 naturalFE 4073 naturalXE 3959 natural / black [1]XE 4128 black 9221 [1]XE 4129 black 9020 [1]ApplicationsGeneral purpose injection mouldingGeneral purpose injection moulding,sports/leisure goodsRigid and high heat resistant media tubesfor automotive industryHigh pressure or vacuum tubes in automotive[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 27

DesignationXE 4192 black *(former FE5368)XE 3976 natural / blackXE 4104 natural / blackXE 4105 natural / blackGreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 2S PA610 reinforcedApplications* not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGeneral purpose injection moulding, hightemperature connectors for media tubes inautomotiveGeneral purpose injection moulding, connectorsfor media tubes in automotiveGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 28

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 2S PA610 plasticisedDesignationXE 3974 natural / blackXE 3975 natural / black [1]ApplicationsSemi-flexible automotive andindustry media tubing[1] not recommended for direct contact with gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 29

GreenLine – Overview Grilamid 2S PA610unreinforcedreinforcedplasticisedFE 7583XE4073XE3959 (1)XE4128 (1)XE4129 (1)XE4192 (1)XE3976XE4104XE4105XE3974XE3975 (1)medium viscosityhigh viscosityplasticisedimpact modifiedCharacteristicsUV-stableheat resistanthigh heat resistantrelease agentreinforcement %30304050Processinjection mouldingextrusionfuel tubesdiesel fuel tubesTargetApplicationair brake tubeshydraulic tubesSheet, film, profilesInjected componentsQuick connectors(1) not recommended for direct contactwith gasolineGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 30

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid 2SPA 610GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 31

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 2S PA610 polymerStand.UnitsGrilamidXE 4073PA610GrilamidL 20PA12GrilonBS-2PA6Tensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa150011001100Tensile strenght at break *ISO 527MPa455050Elongation at break *%>50>50> 50Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °C smoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m 2n.b./n.b.10/5n.b. / n.b.7 / 6n.b. / 3020 /3HDT/AISO 75°C555055HDT/BISO 75°C-125170Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C222178222Moisture absorbtion 23°C, 50%rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%1.53.50.71.539DensityISO 1183%1.081.011.14Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%0.20.80.80.851.051.05* conditioned"n.b." No breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 32

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 2S PA610 unreinforcedStand.UnitsGrilamidXE 3959PA610impactmod.GrilamidXE 3974PA610½-flex.GrilamidXE 3975PA610½-flex.GrilamidL 25 HPA12GrilamidL 25 ANZPA12impactmod.GrilamidL 25 W 20 YPA12½-flex.Tensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa12004504501100750500Tensile strenght *ISO 527MPa604050504030Elongation at break *%> 50> 50> 50> 50> 5020Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °CsmoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m2n.b. / n.b.18 / 8n.b. / n.b.n.b. / 15n.b. / n.b.n.b. / 15n.b. / n.b.10 / 7n.b. / n.b.100 / 75n.b. / n.bn.b. / 7HDT/AISO 75°C555050454545Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C220215215178178178Moisture absorbtion23°C, 50% rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%1.63.30.530.530.71.50.61.30.71.5DensityISO 1183%1.071.031.031.010.980.7Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%0.90.92.31.71.81.3--1.01.60.81.2* conditioned"n.b.": no breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 33

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 2S PA610 reinforcedStand.UnitsGrilamidXE 3976PA61030% GFGrilamidLV-3HPA1230% GFGrilamidXE 4105PA61050% GFGrilamidLV-5HPA1250% GFTensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa700060001250011500Tensile strenght *ISO 527MPa110105160135Elongation at break *%684.56Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °CsmoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m275/6512/880 / 8020 / 1580/8016/1180/8020/15HDT/AISO 75°C195160200165Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C222178225178Moisture absorbtion23°C, 50% rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%140.61.10.81.90.40.8DensityISO 1183%1.331.221.531.47Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%0.20.80.10.750.10.80.10.5* conditioned"n.b."; no breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 34

GreenLine – ComparisonGrilamid 2S PA610 reinforcedStandardUnitsGrilamidXE 3976PA61030% GFGrilamidLV-3HPA1230% GFGrilonAG-30HPA6630% GFGrilonBG-30PA630% GFGrilonTSG-30PA6+PA6630% GFTensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa70006000700065006000Tensile strenght *ISO 527MPa110105130110120Elongation at break *%6866.56Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °C smoothnotchedISO 179 /2-1eUkJ/m 275 / 6512 / 880 / 8020 / 1585 / 5015 / 995 / 7020 / 985 / 6520 / 10HDT/AISO 75°C195160250200220Melting point (DSC)ISO 11357°C222178260222260Moisture absorbtion23°C, 50% rel. humiditysaturatedISO 62%140.61.11.552726.5DensityISO 1183%1.331.221.381.351.34Shrinkage flow dir.transverse dir.ISO 294%0.20.80.10.750.150.900.100.550.100.65* conditioned"n.b.": no breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 35

GreenLine – Key characteristics Grilamid BTRFamilyGrilamid BTRKey Characteristics High bio content Excellent transparency High gloss Low density High toughness Good UV and chemical resistance Excellent adhesion to Grilamid 1S PA1010GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 36

GreenLine – Product range Grilamid BTRFamilyGrilamid BTRTransparent PADesignationXE 4069 naturalXE 4010 naturalCharacteristicsunstabilized, bio-content 54%process optimized, bio-content 54%GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 37

GreenLine – Properties Grilamid BTRTensile modulusGlossTensile strength at yieldTR 90BTR 600TransparencyElongation at breakTgHDT /BGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 38

GreenLine – Properties Grilamid BTRStandardUnitsGrilamid XE 4069BTR 600transparent PAGrilamidTR90transparent PATensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa17001600Tensile strength at break *ISO 527MPa4045Elongation at break*ISO 527%100> 50Charpy Impact * unnotchedat 23 °C / at – 30 °C no tchedISO 179 / 2-1eUkJ/m 2n.b. / n.b.7 / 7n.b. / n.b.13 / 12HDT/B (0.45 MPa)ISO 75°C100135Glass transition temperature, dryISO 11357°C120155Moisture abs. 23°C (50% rel. humidity)ISO 62%21.5DensityISO 1183%1.051.00Shrinkage flow directiontransverse directionISO 294%0.550.650.650.75Refractive index, 560 nmEMS-1.511.51Light transmission, 2mmEMS%9393Abbé numberEMS-4952* conditioned"n.b." No breakGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 39

GreenLine – Target ApplicationsGrilamid BTRtransparent PAGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 40

GreenLine – Chemistry Grivory HT3FamilyGrivory HT3PolymerPPABio-contentup to 48%ONHn 2H 2Ndecane diamine*+ nHOOOHterephthalic acid #+ m N H 2ROproprietary #OHHNHHNOOncoNHROOHm+ (2n+m-1) H 2OGrivory HT3 PA10T/X* derived from castor oil#derived from crude oilGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 41

GreenLine – Key characteristics Grivory HT3FamilyGrivory HT3PPAKey Characteristics High bio content Very low moisture absorption High dimensional stability Very good hydrolysis resistance Excellent chemical resistance High temperature and heat resistance For injection moulding.Extrusion grades under developmentGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 42

GreenLine – Characteristics Grivory HT3FamilyGrivory HT3PPAGradeXE 4135 naturalXE 4053 naturalXE 4063 nat/black 9238FE8183 naturalXE 4065 black 9238XE 4101 black 9225XE 3996 black 9225XE 4067 black 9225XE 4027 naturalXE 4027 black 9916CharacteristicsUnreinforced, impact mod.Unreinforced, impact mod. + PFTEBasic grade, 30% GFBasic grade, 40% GFBasic grade, 50% GF40% GF, FDA + EU + potable watercontact planned30% GF, for E&E, Yellow Card50% GF, for E&E30% GF, V0, halogen free,Yellow CardGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 43

GreenLine – Target Applications Grivory HT3FamilyGrivory HT3PPAGradeXE 4135 naturalXE 4053 naturalXE 4063 nat / black 9238FE8183 naturalXE 4065 black 9238XE 4101 black 9225XE 3996 black 9225XE 4067 black 9225XE 4027 nat / black 9916ApplicationsGeneral purpose injectionFriction & Wear componentsConnectors, automotive coolingand heating componentsComponents for potable waterand food contactFunctional parts, connectorsConnectors E&EGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 44

GreenLine – Properties Grivory HT3Dimensional stability /reduced water absorptionNotched impactHydrolysis resistanceGrivory HT1Grivory HT3ImpactChemical resistanceElongationStiffnessStrengthGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 45

GreenLine – Properties Grivory HT3StandardUnitsGrivory HT3XE 4101 black9225PPA 40% GFGrivoryHTV-4H1PPA 40% GFGrivory HT3XE 4027PPA V0 30% GFGrivoryHT2V-3X V0PPA V0 30% GFTensile-E-Modulus *ISO 527MPa12500140001000010500Tensile strenght *ISO 527MPa180210110135Elongation at break *%2.221.52Charpy Impact *at 23 °C / at – 30 °C smoothnotchedISO 179 / 2-1eUkJ/m 275 / 7010 / 870 / 708 / 835 / 356 / 645 / 358 / 6HDT/AISO 75°C265280256> 280Moisture absorbtion23°C, 50% rel. humidityISO 62%0.91.50.61.3DensityISO 1183%1.471.531.411.43Burning behaviour (UL)UL 94IEC60695-2-1260695-2-13Rating°C°CHB--HB--V-0960775V-0 (5VA 3mm)960775LOIISO 4589-2%---> 35Shrinkage flow directiontransverse directionISO 294%0.500.900.100.550.31.00.10.9GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 46

GreenLine – Target Applications E&E, othersGrivory HT3PPAGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 47

GreenLine – Target Applications AutomotiveGrivory HT3PPAGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 48

ResultsLife Cycle AssessmentsGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 49

GreenLine – LCATools / Data / MethodToolScopeDataMethodFocusEMS-GRIVORY internal assessment usingSoftware Boustead Model 5.0Cradle to gate (from farming of castor oil and other primary rawmaterials up to Polyamide granules)Raw materials: Suppliers, databases for secondary intermediatesEnergy mix:Process:Based on ISO 14000 Environmental Management standardsCO 2 BalanceGWP (Global Warming Potential = green house gases)Energy BalanceDatabases for relevant countriesAxpo (Domat/Ems), Suppliers (India, China)Suppliers, EMS, databasesGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 50

GreenLine – LCAPrinciplesApplicationsGoal and ScopeDefinitionInventoryAnalysisImpact AssessmentInterpretationProductDevelopmentImprovementProcessDevelopmentImprovementSupplier / SourcingDevelopmentCorporatePolicyStrategyGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 51

GreenLine – LCAMass and Energy BalanceSolid wasteWater emissionsAir emissionsEnergy wasteINPUTSEnergyraw materialsintermediate chemicalscatalystsadditivessteamwaterothersPROCESSOUTPUTSProduct(s)GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 52

GreenLine - Supply Chain / Example PA1010AsiaRaw materialsDecanediamineSebacic Acid> 90% of total contributionsProductionof PA1010SwitzerlandEnergy mixBiomass powerplant AxpoSwitzerlandPolymerisationSwitzerlandAdditivesFillersSwitzerlandCompounding*GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 53* later Asia

GreenLine - Supply Chain / Example PA1010SeedFertiliserWaterEnergyEnergyCastor SeedfarmingTransportStorageCastor oilextractionCastorOilRicinoleic acidrefiningRicinoleicacidWaste waterOil cakeGlycerine, othersUsed as fertiliseror fuelGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 54

GreenLine - Supply Chain / Example PA1010EnergyNaOH or KOHH 2 SO 4EnergysebacicacidRicinoleicacidCausticoxidationSebacic acidrefiningSebacic acidNa 2 SO 4 or K 2 SO 4Waste waterAir emissions2-octanolGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 55

GreenLine - Supply Chain / Example PA1010EnergyAmmoniaEnergyH 2SebacicacidNitrile processHydrogenationprocessDecanediamineWaste waterAir emissionsWaste waterAir emissionsGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 56

GreenLine - Supply Chain / Example PA1010Biomass plantElectricity GridEMSEMSSteamElectricityNatural gasWaterNitrogenDecanediaminePolymerisationSebacic acidWaste waterAir emissionsGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 57

GreenLine - Supply Chain / Example PA1010BiomassplantGridEMSSteamElectricityWaterElectricityCompoundingPackagingPA1010compoundWaste waterAir emissionsGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 58

Influence process steam from Axpo AG biomass plant• Biomass fired with wood chips = CO 2 neutral energy• Installed power: 345 MWh /a (electricity, steam, heat)• Located in Domat/Ems – Switzerland, relevant for polymerisation andcompounding of EMS Polyamides from this location• Also produces electricity, but is not relevant today for EMS since fedinto the Swiss grid, not the EMS plant• Represents approx. 5-10% reduction in total CO 2 emissions for polymer,less for compounds, 80% total CO 2 reduction on Domat/Ems sitewww.axpo-holz.chGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 59

g/kg of Polymer800070006000500040003000200010000GreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid 1S PA1010 compared to Grivory GV- 77%CO 2 Balance- 63%PA1010 Part. arom. PA PA1010 GF 50% PA GF 50%Grilamid XE 4170 Grilamid 1SVX-50H Grivory GV-5HGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 60

TotalEnergyCO 2-BalanceLand useGreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid 1S PA1010 compared to Grivory GVm 2 /kg11Organic bio %980490content non bio %2100150InorganiccontentMJ/kgkg oil/kgequiv.g/kg%Grilamid XE 4170PA1010Base polymer1713.41'6000Grivory GVPA66 + PA6I/X1402.86'900-01142.32'000CompoundGrilamid 1SVX-50HPA101050% GF- 77% - 63%650Grivory GV-5HPA66 + PA6I/X50%GF1072.25'200-50GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 61

g/kg of Polymer800070006000500040003000200010000GreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid 1S PA1010 compared to Grivory GV- 77%CO 2 Balance- 67%PA1010 Part. arom. PA PA1010 GF 30% PA GF 30 %Grilamid XE 4170 Grilamid FE5366 Grivory GV-3HGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 62

TotalEnergyCO 2-BalanceLand usem 2 /kg11Organic bio %980690content non bio %2100170InorganiccontentGreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid 1S PA1010 compared to Grivory GVMJ/kgkg oil/kgequiv.g/kg%Grilamid XE 4170PA1010Base polymer1713.41'6000- 77%Grivory GVPA66 + PA6I/X1402.86'900-0Grilamid FE5366Grilamid FE5367PA101030% GF1412.82'000830Compound- 67%Grivory GV-3HPA66 + PA6I/X30%GF1202.45'700-30GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 63

GreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid 2S PA610 compared to PA66CO 2 Balance7000g/kg of Polymer60005000400030002000- 70%- 66 %10000PA610 PA610 GF 30% GF 50 %Grilamid XE 1306 PA66 (1) Grilamid XE 3976 PA66 (1)(1) Source: Plastics EuropeGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 64

TotalEnergyCO 2-BalanceLand usem 2 /kg6Organic bio %620440content non bio %381002670InorganiccontentMJ/kgkg oil/kgequiv.g/kg(1) Source: Plastics EuropeGreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid 2S PA610 compared to PA66%Grilamid XE1306PA610Base polymer1292.61'9000- 70%PA66 (1)1392.86'500-0Grilamid XE 3976PA61030% GF1102.22'100430Compound- 66 %PA66 (1)30%GF1142.36'100-30GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 65

g/kg of Polymer70006000500040003000200010000GreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid BTR compared to PMMA and PC- 44%CO 2 BalanceGrilamid BTR (1) PMMA (2) Polycarbonate (2)Valid for XE 4069, XE 4010(1) Amorphous, transparent, partially bio based PA(2) Base resin, generic data published by Plastics EuropeGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 66

GreenLine – LCA resultsGrilamid BTR compared to PMMA and PCPolymerGrilamid BTR (1)XE 4069 + XE 4010PMMA(2)Polycarbonate(2)TotalEnergyMJ/kgkg oil/kgequiv.1493.0- 44%1162.31132.3CO 2-Balanceg/kg3'3005'9006'000Land usem 2 /kg600Organic contentbio %non bio %584201000100Inorganic content%000(1) Amorphous, transparent, partially bio based PA(2) Base resin, generic data published by Plastics EuropeGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 67

GreenLine – LCA resultsGrivory HT3 compared to Grivory HT2CO 2 Balance5000g/kg of Polymer4500400035003000- 13%- 9%25002000Grivory HT3 (1) Grivory HT2 (2) Grivory XE 3996 Grivory HT2V-3H(1) Partially bio based(2) Fossil basedPA10T/X PA6T/66 PA10T/X GF 30% PA6T/66 GF 30%GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 68

TotalEnergyCO 2-BalanceLand usem 2 /kg6Organic bio % 470330content non bio % 5310037100Inorganiccontent(1) Partially bio based(2) Fossil basedGreenLine – LCA resultsGrivory HT3 compared to Grivory HT2MJ/kgkg oil/kgequiv.g/kg%Grivory HT3 (1)PA10T/X4'200Base polymer1643.30- 13%Grivory HT2 (2)PA6T/661232.54'800-0Grivory XE 3996PA10T/X30% GF1432.84'000430Compound- 9%Grivory HT2V-3HPA6T/6630% GF1132.24'400-0GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 69

GreenLine – LCA resultsGrivory HT3 compared to Grivory HT1CO 2 Balanceg/kg of Polymer50004500400035003000- 12%- 10%25002000Grivory HT3 (1) Grivory HT1 (2) Grivory FE8183 Grivory HTV-4H1PA10T/X PA6T/6I PA10T/X GF 40% PA6T/6I GF 40%(1) Partially bio based(2) Fossil basedGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 70

TotalEnergyCO 2-BalanceLand usem 2 /kg6Organic bio % 470330content non bio % 531002760Inorganiccontent(1) Partially bio based(2) Fossil basedGreenLine – LCA resultsGrivory HT3 compared to Grivory HT1MJ/kgkg oil/kgequiv.g/kg%Grivory HT3 (1)PA10T/X4'200Base polymer1643.30- 12%Grivory HT1 (2)PA6T/6I1232.54'800-0Grivory FE8183PA10T/X40% GF1292.63'700440Compound- 10%Grivory HTV-4H1PA6T/6I40% GF1032.14'100-40GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 71

g/kg of Polymer55005000450040003500300025002000GreenLine – LCA resultsGrivory HT3 V0 compared to Grivory HT2 V0- 13%CO 2 Balance- 8%Grivory HT3 (1) Grivory HT2 (2) Grivory XE 4027 Grivory HT2V-3H V0PA10T/X PA6T/66 PA10T/X GF 30% V0 PA6T/66 GF 30% V0(1) Partially bio based(2) Fossil basedGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 72

TotalEnergyCO 2-BalanceLand usem 2 /kg6Organic bio % 470280content non bio % 531004250Inorganiccontent(1) Partially bio based(2) Fossil basedGreenLine – LCA resultsGrivory HT3 V0 compared to Grivory HT2 V0MJ/kgkg oil/kgequiv.g/kg%Grivory HT3(1)PA10T/X1643.34'200Base polymer0Grivory HT2 (2)PA6T/661232.54'800-0Grivory XE 4027PA10T/X30% GF V01553.14'600430Compound- 13% - 8%Grivory HT2V-3H V0PA6T/6630% GF V01302.65'000-50GreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 73

GreenLine - Summary Energy, CO 2 , GWP, Bio-ContentGrilamid PA1010 and PA610ProductGrilamid1SVX-50HPA101050% GFGrilamid1SVX-65HPA101065% GFGrilamidXE 3976PA61030% GFTotalEnergyMJ/kgkg oil/kg equiv.1142.3941.91102.2CO 2 -Balanceg/kg200021002100GWP*C0 2 equiv.20 years100 years500 years260023002200280024002300270024002200Organic contentbio %49.234.444non bio %0.80.626Inorganic content(glass)%506530* Potential for Global WarmingGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 74

GreenLine - Summary Energy, CO 2 , GWP, Bio-ContentGrilamid BTR (amorphous, transparent PA)TotalEnergyCO 2 -BalanceGWP*Organic contentInorganic content (glass)20 years100 years500 yearsMJ/kgkg oil/kg equiv.g/kgC0 2 equiv.bio %non bio %%ProductGrilamid BTRXE 4069, XE 4010amorp., transp. PA1493.03'3004'0003'6003'40058420* Potential for Global WarmingGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 75

GreenLine - Summary Energy, CO 2 , GWP, Bio-ContentGrivory HT3 (PPA)ProductGrivory HT3XE 3996PA10T/X30% GFGrivory HT3XE 4027PA10T/X30% GF V0Grivory HT3FE8183 blackPA10T/X40% GFTotal EnergyMJ/kg143155129kg oil/kg equiv.2.93.12.6CO 2 -Balanceg/kg4'0004'6003'700GWP*C0 2 equiv.20 years100 years500 years4'9004'4004'2005'8005'1004'9004'6004'1003'900Organic contentbio %332833non bio %374227Inorganic content (glass)%303040* Potential for Global WarmingGreenLine 09-2011 – Bio based Polyamides from EMS-GRIVORYPage 76