JulAugNewsletter

Volume 8. Issue 4. July/August 2015n Collaboration is key, says presidentn Discover the feminine side of lighting1

EditorialSecretary’s columnContentsSecretaryBrendan Keely MSLLbkeely@cibse.orgSLL CoordinatorJuliet RennieTel: 020 8675 5211jrennie@cibse.orgEditorJill Entwistlejillentwistle@yahoo.comCommunications committee:Iain Carlile (chairman) MSLLRob AndersonJill EntwistleChris Fordham MSLLWiebke FriedewaldMark Ingram MSLLStewart Langdown MSLLGethyn WilliamsAll contributions are the responsibilityof the author, and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the society. Allcontributions are personal, exceptwhere attributed to an organisationrepresented by the author.Copy date for NL5 2015is 20 JulyPublished byThe Society of Lightand Lighting222 Balham High RoadLondon SW12 9BSwww.sll.org.ukISSN 1461-524X© 2015 The Society of Lightand LightingThe Society of Light and Lighting is partof the Chartered Institution of BuildingServices Engineers, 222 Balham HighRoad, London SW12 9BS. Charityregistration no 278104Produced byPRINT CONSULTANTSPrinted in UKIt’s turning into rather a landmark yearfor women in lighting. We now have LizPeck at the helm of the SLL, BarbraHorton presiding over the IALD, AnnWebb heading up the CIE and ElizabethThomas taking over as president ofthe ILP this September. Consideringthe dismal statistics of parliamentaryrepresentation, that’s a pretty impressivetally. Without venturing too far into Marsand Venus territory, it will be interestingto see if a particular feminine sensibilityand approach emerges during theirrespective tenures.As Helen Loomes points out in herintroduction of a new informal discussiongroup for women in lighting (Discover thefeminine side, p9), this field has provedparticularly accessible and attractiveto women, combining as it does bothart and science. And as Liz Peckmentioned in her presidential address,the SLL specifically is a very ‘engagingand sociable’ organisation, where menand women, young and old, sage andingenue have always easily comingled.There is a tradition of knowledgesharing that triumphs over the malefiefdom mentality of many augustprofessional bodies, the nature of whichboth deters and irks its female members.There is clearly a long way to go beforewe achieve parity in numbers, and nodoubt there are dark corners were malechauvinism still lurks, but the prevailingethos is of professional respect where it’sdue, regardless of gender.One of the trailblazers for women inlighting – and lighting design itself – ofcourse, was Janet Turner, whose workCurrent SLL lighting guidesSLL Lighting Guide 1: The Industrial Environment (2012)features on the cover and to whom wepay tribute in this issue (p15). I firstencountered Janet at one of her famoussoirees at Concord’s Holborn showroom,where architects and designers rubbedshoulders with independent lightingdesigners, still in the relatively early daysof the profession. An exemplar of interdisciplinarynetworking before the termhad even been coined.Once met never forgotten, she wasa formidable proselytiser and defenderof good design principles in lighting.She was also funny, idiosyncratic anda generous spirit, who believed thatknowledge was to be shared and talentnurtured. The world could do with a fewmore Janet Turners.Jill Entwistlejillentwistle@yahoo.comSLL Lighting Guide 2: Hospitals and Health Care Buildings (2008)SLL Lighting Guide 4: Sports (2006)SLL Lighting Guide 5: Lighting for Education (2011)SLL Lighting Guide 6: The Outdoor Environment (1992)SLL Lighting Guide 7: Office Lighting (2005) – (including Addendum)SLL Lighting Guide 8: Lighting for Museums and Galleries (2015)SLL Lighting Guide 9: Lighting for Communal Residential Buildings (2013)SLL Lighting Guide 10: Daylighting – a guide for designers (2014)SLL Lighting Guide 11: Surface Reflectance and Colour (2001)SLL Lighting Guide 12: Emergency Lighting Design Guide (2004)SLL Lighting Guide 13: Places of Worship (2014)Guide to Limiting Obtrusive Light (2012)Guide to the Lighting of Licensed Premises (2011)We’re more than half way through theUnesco International Year of Light 2015 –hard to believe I know – but we are nowlooking forward to the big autumn event,Night of Heritage Light, celebrating UKUnesco World Heritage Sites (see News,p4, for an update).For anyone who was with us at theAnnual Awards, Presidential Addressand AGM at RIBA (see p5-8), we thankyou for helping to make the eveningso enjoyable. It’s great to be able torecognise so many of the society’svolunteers and acknowledge their work.A personal highlight was delivering thecitations from Laura Bayliss and MartinLupton to Barrie Wilde on him receivingthe President’s Medal. The annualreport is now available on the SLLwebsite and a further review of theevening, along with all award winnersand presidential address, is also thereand available for viewing.We were delighted to announce thewinner of the Jean Heap ResearchBursary at the Annual Awards. Therecipient, Feride Sener Yilmaz, sentthrough a video with an overview of herresearch – Human-Centric SustainableRetail Lighting Design Approach – whichwas presented on the night. If you’d liketo see it, along with her original proposal,please take a look at the Jean HeapResearch Bursary link on the website.There will be an update from Feride onher progress around the time of LuxLivein November, and the 2016 bursary willalso be launched there.In the coming months we hope toadd to the society’s image library. Aswell as our guidance publications, weuse lighting images for events suchas the Masterclasses brochure, coversfor the Newsletter and annual report, aswell as society flyers. Should you haveany images to offer we’d be happy toreceive them. Obviously all credits to thedesigner, project and photographer willbe recognised so please do feel free toforward them to me.We welcome on board Lamp Lightingto our Sustaining Members Programme.We were fortunate to attend the LampBiennial Awards earlier in June, andwe will be working with the companyto promote entries to the 2017 awardsto all our members.Up in my neck of the woods, we werepleased to welcome many members atthe 28th CIE Sessional in Manchester.The event was a great opportunityto promote Lighting Research andTechnology Journal to more than 450international delegates, and spread thegood word of the society.Junior Ready Steady Light, organisedwith Rose Bruford, is currently beingplanned for March 2016. The event isaimed at 16-19 year olds and is notonly an opportunity for the youngergeneration/future lighters to take part inthe competition but especially to play,learn and experience light in a safeenvironment. As well as the competitionitself there is an afternoon of lightingworkshops. The junior competitionwill be in its third year and we ask allmembers and contacts to promote thisthrough their children’s schools andcolleges. For more information pleasecontact Samantha Fallick at the college(samantha.fallick@bruford.ac.uk).All entries are now in for the YoungLighter of the Year 2015, and the judgingprocess is taking place through theLighting Education Trust. The finals willbe held in the Main Arena at LuxLive,ExCel, London, on 19 November. TheMini-Masterclasses will also take placeagain at LuxLive, on the afternoon of18 November. It’s a big event for usand as always everyone will be verywelcome on the stand.Recently we issued a publicationsupdate, including notification that the IESTransactions (predecessor of LightingResearch and Technology) from 1936are now available online to all members.For more information please visit thenews section of the website.Finally, we would love to hear fromany of you who are Stem Ambassadors.A joint announcement has been madewith the ILP, LIA and IALD regardingcollaboration and proposals to takelighting education to schools. If you areinvolved, or would like to be involved,please do let me know.Brendan Keelybkeely@cibse.orgEditorial 2Secretary’s column 3News 4High tech society 5How the lighting family treecould bear fruit: Liz Peck’spresidential addressThe light honourable 7All the winners at thisyear’s AGM and Annual AwardsDiscovering the feminine side 9Helen Loomes on a new groupfor women in lightingLiving daylight 11Stephen Cannon-Brookeslooks back to being aYLOTY finalist in 1996Lighting unplugged 12As part of his IYL-inspiredseries, John Aston looks atthe deceptively difficult issueof off-grid lightingIssues in question 14Iain Carlile finds evidence ofa rethink in certain areas oflighting in the latest LR&TObituary 15A tribute to SLL honoraryfellow Janet Turner. (Cover:Peckham Library by AlsopArchitects, for which shedesigned the lighting)Events 162 3

AGM: AwardsWomen in lightingsLast year’s recipient of the President’s Medal, Ruffles joinedCIBSE in 1978 and served on nine different committees.He was president of the old Lighting Division in 1996. He isstill active on the British Standards Committee for Lightingand Lighting Applications, and served on numerous otherinternational and British lighting committees.As chair of the technical and publications committee, from1990-94 and 2011-14, he had perhaps made his greatestcontribution to the society, said Fitzpatrick.‘During this latter period, he has re-energised the committee,constantly encouraging and cajoling new members into joining.Then, more importantly, persuading these new members tobecome active in task groups which have produced a raft ofhigh-quality Lighting Guides. He has put in place a rolling threeyearprogramme for the production of guides on new topicsand revisions of the old. There are at least six in the pipeline.’There were two recipients of the Lighting Award this year, DrKevin Mansfield and Peter Raynham, director and senior lecturerrespectively of the UCL Bartlett MSc Light and Lighting course.‘I don’t know the exact number of students who havesuccessfully graduated in the 20 years that Kevin has beendirector of the UCL Light and Lighting MSc programme, but myestimate is that it is at least 250 and a number of PhD awards,making him responsible for providing the subject of illumination,with a source of expertise beyond any other worldwide,’ saidDavid Loe, a personal friend and colleague for more than 30years, in his citation. ‘George Bernard Shaw may have said,“He who can does and he who can’t, teaches”, but to that Iwould add, ‘and some of them teach very well’.Peter Raynham studied chemical physics at SussexUniversity, going on to work at Osram before joining Philips in1978. After 22 years there in a number of technical roles, hejoined UCL as a research fellow, moving on to become a seniorlecturer. He was SLL president in 2011, and is the prinicpalauthor of the Code for Lighting.‘I have always valued Peter’s advice and opinions and Ihave yet to find a topic on which he wasn’t able to provide ananswer,’ said Mike Simpson, a colleage when Raynham wasat Philips, in his citation. ‘No one can doubt the enormouscontribution he has made to the field of lighting over the years.’The Regional Lighting Award was given to Jim Shove,senior project engineer at Fagerhult. He joined the SLL in2006, and has been the regional representative for theSouth West Region for the past six years, seeing a growthin membership from 68 to 144, with events such as theMasterclass series in Bristol and Cardiff. ‘He is not only alighter of huge experience, but also a tremendous asset tothe SLL,’ said Stephen Lisk in his citation.Markus Canazei, P Dehoff, S Staggl, and W Pohl won theLeon Gaster Award for their paper, ‘Effects of dynamic ambientlighting on female permanent morning shift workers’ (LR&TApril 2014). Andre Barroso, K Simons, and P de Jager receivedthe Walsh Weston Award for ‘Metrics of circadian lighting forclinical investigations’ (LR&T December 2014).Bob Venning and Barrie Wilde also presented LET LightingDiplomas to Diarmuid Keaney, Thomas Miller, MarianneMullane, Rachel Shaw, Stephen Thompson, Penny Tulla andRhiannon West.Representatives of Helvar, Philips, Thorn and Trilux werealso presented with their sponsors’ certificates. nRegional Lighting Award: Jim ShoveLighting Award: Dr Kevin MansfieldLighting Award: Peter RaynhamSponsors’ certificates for Helvar, Thorn, Philps and TriluxDiscover thefeminine sideIn the first of a two-part feature,Helen Loomes, who recently setup an informal group for women inlighting, looks at how a number ofthem arrived at their current careerAs a female who has been in the lighting industry for nearly40 years I have seen huge changes in the preponderance ofwomen. My own story began with an advert in the local paper.It was for a laboratory assistant at Holophane Lighting; my bestsubjects were physics and maths, so I applied. I later found outthat they were really looking for a boy and as I was the only girlwho applied the manager was intrigued. He rapidly changed thejob spec to take out woodworking skills and I got the job.This was a totally male-dominated environment and I knowthey had to clear out all of the ‘page 3’ pictures and magazineswhich I later found hidden in a bottom drawer of a filing cabinet.From Holophane I was sent to Southbank Polytechnic to doa City and Guilds in Illuminating Engineering and LightingTechnology. Again I was the only girl. I recently met my tutorfrom those days, David Loe, and he thinks I probably was thefirst girl he had on the course.My main task in the laboratory was to calibrate the raw datacoming out of the photometer. To aid me in this I had a scientificcalculator with a memory function. This was so hi-tech it wasshown to visitors coming to the company.Subsequently I moved into sales, and I also became amember of the Illuminating Engineering Society (the previousincarnation of the Society of Light and Lighting), which was avery stuffy organisation of mainly men who seemed to me toall be over the age of 65. Times have changed and I am verypleased to see the progress of women within our industry. Ithink the first female I came across was daylight specialist JaneGosney, formerly head of lighting at WSP. At that time I hadn’tmet Janet Turner, who was already making her name. I alsocame across Mary Rushton-Beales fairly early on.We have sadly lost Janet Turner and there is a tribute to herin this Newsletter, but she was a personal mentor to me when Iworked at Concord:Marlin. Her passion, ability to inspire othersand attention to detail made her a unique female figurehead,but I don’t think this thought even occurred to her; she wantedto be heard and get the job done – her gender was immaterial.This year the SLL will have a female president, Liz Peck.This is not a new phenomenon – Liz will be the third femalepresident after Jean Heap in 1995 and Margaret Halstead in1984. Coincidently RIBA will have a female president this yearin Jane Duncan, Barbra Horton from New York is the currentpresident of the IALD, Ann Webb is the president of the CIEand, to add to the list, there will also be a female ILP presidentthis year, Elizabeth Thomas: definitely a good year to be female.Not only are women rising to the top of our organisationsthey are also here in significant numbers. Many lighting designcompanies are now 50/50 male to female. We often hear thatgirls are put off technical or engineering subjects but lightingis such a unique blend of both art and science that it seems toovercome these barriers, and this is something that shouldbe celebrated.We have many great role models and someare using their position and influence to act as mentors to theyounger generation. I have recently felt the need to connectmore with all of these women and asked a few I know to meetme for a chat over coffee. The opportunity to talk in this informalway was something that appealed to me and I thought wouldappeal to most of the women I know within the lighting industry.We often hear that girls are put offtechnical or engineering subjectsbut lighting, as art and science,seems to overcome these barriersAfter our first meeting, which was held at the RoyalInstitution, a very relevant building as the home of science,we have decided to meet on a bi-monthly basis. We rarely havean occasion to talk together about lighting issues that concernus; most meetings have an agenda or a presentation and notmuch free time for discussion, so I deliberately want to keep thesubject matter at these gatherings as open as possible.At the first meeting we covered quite a few topics, fromthe colour rendering of LEDs to the F Lux app to reduce theblue wavelengths from your computer screen in the evening.However, there was one subject we felt was most important– the fact that the general public at large do not know muchabout lighting and the need to educate them. If there is a topicin the newspapers about lighting, the spokesperson is veryrarely known to us and therefore not considered by us to be anexpert. But does the media know where to go to find an expert?Shouldn’t we be making ourselves more accessible?Seven of these trailblazers have agreed to make themselvesmore accessible to you by revealing how they found their wayinto lighting by many and varied routes. We begin in this issuewith Liz Peck and Florence Lam.s8 9

Women in lightingYLOTY: where are they now?sn Liz PeckI had no idea what I wanted to do when I left school; earlier on,I’d wanted to be a journalist but my English was never reallythat good. Or join the police, but my dodgy heart precluded that.I’d messed up my A-Levels a bit, although later I found out thatmy heart hadn’t been functioning as it should during that time.That’s my excuse anyway.I studied an HND in business and finance at SheffieldHallam, specialising in marketing. I wrote a business plan forMarks and Spencer, which was failing at the time and I still thinkmy tutor must have sold it to them because they followed itvirtually to the letter.I was introduced to the wonderful world of lighting over a pintin The Bull Inn at Newick, Sussex. I’d lost my job and CiaranKiely, then product manager with Concord Lighting and a goodfriend of mine, told me to ring Concord in Newhaven as theyalways needed people in customer service. Soon after I joined,we took over the technical helpline and were dealing withcontractors who really didn’t want technical help from females.I found out what the lighting designers did and thoughtit sounded cool, even though apart from being able to reada cone diagram in the catalogue, my knowledge was zero.Luckily, when I announced I would like to join the lightingdesign team, Concord had just merged with Marlin and I hadan interview with Mike Simpson who, somehow, thought that anenthusiastic rookie was a prospect.I got involved with the SLL through natural evolution. I wentto the symposium in Dublin and Mark Ayers, now managingdirector of Aether Lighting, convinced me to join what was thenthe Newsletter Committee. I’ve loved being involved ever since.It’s such a special society, where the great and the good mixseamlessly with young people and new lighters.Was it a drawback being female? At Concord, it raised theobstinate side of my nature (I think that’s my father’s genes)as I was determined to find out all the answers to technicalqueries and the reason for them. That’s how I found out aboutlighting design, so it’s not such a bad trait sometimes. It’s neverstopped me doing anything I’ve wanted to do. I’ve always beentreated as an equal.I don’t have any dependents so I can pick and choose whatI do with my time to an extent. It’s terribly addictive, of course,and now it’s all-consuming. I was watching tennis once andwas paying more attention to what I thought was terrible lighting(indoor arena) than to the match. I have lighter’s neck fromlooking up every time I go into a building.Lighting can inspire – think of sunrises and rainbows. But mydad was my biggest inspiration. When he was diagnosed withterminal cancer, he stopped work and fulfilled a lifetime dreamof hiking to Base Camp at Mount Everest. The picture is on thewall of my office and reminds me that everything happens fora reason and nothing is unattainable if you really want itenough. I also love never knowing what’s coming next andmaking people smile.n Florence LamWhen leaving school all I knew was that university was the nextdestination, I hadn’t a clue about anything beyond 18. So I wentto the University of Cambridge to study engineering.I discovered lighting design during my summer internshipat Arup after my second undergraduate year. Having beeninvolved with some student theatre productions at university, myinstinct told me that lighting design demanded a more holisticapproach beyond engineering and guided me into doing apostgraduate study at the Bartlett School of Architecture. Thepurpose was to gain a more rounded knowledge and exposureto the architectural and human dimensions of light.Following this, when I had my interview with Arup aftergraduation, I made it quite clear to Bob Venning, who thenheaded that division, that lighting was the area that I wantedto specialise in.I have never found that being female had any drawbacksand I had no problem with work-life balance, especially when Ican actually enjoy life at work – being among a lot of talentedpeople who share a common passion and drive to achieve thebest at what they do.The male:female ratio for lighting at Arup is around 60/40.Naturally there were more men at Arup when I joined 25 yearsago. However, as the business and the services offered atArup become more diverse, I also see an increase in diversitybeyond gender and race among my colleagues.Being a person who is easily inspired, I appreciate thefreedom to do what is right, to pass on the baton and leave alegacy for a better world. To me, lighting design is not an endbut a means to fulfil a greater purpose in life. nPhotogaphy: Kallos Gallery/Steve WakehamLiving daylightIn the second of an occasional series, Stephen Cannon-Brookes looks back to being a YLOTY finalist in 1996The YLOTY competition provided me with an opportunity topresent findings on a study of lighting in the Picasso Museumin Paris. Following its refurbishment I am not sure how muchof the careful system of daylight support from Simuonet’singenious integration of indirect lighting has been swept away.I hope the audience for the finalists has forgotten mysomewhat stumbling address, the judges correctly awardingboth written and delivered papers to my competitors. On theplus side, I found myself welcomed into a supportive communitydriven by an interest in the subject with members of the thenLighting Division of CIBSE encompassing at least six if notseven decades of age groups. I was invited to join the LR&Teditorial board in 1997, my rather more distinguished colleaguesobserving that I had failed to bring the average age below60. Once in the sights of the inestimable secretary JonathanDavid the next step was the council of Lighting Division and, tocomplete the cursus honorum, a year as SLL president in 2006-7. It took longer to find a successor as chair of CIBSE’s DaylightGroup, a post I managed recently to hand over to Prof JohnMardaljevic having spent 10 years in the chair.The topic of my Young Lighter’s paper was closely related tomy then recently completed PhD on the use of scale models inthe quantitative analysis of daylighting in museum galleries. Forthe first half of 1996 I attended endless interviews with practicesjust emerging from a sharp recession with no wish to employ anover-educated 30-year old with zero recent practical experienceand unproven skills. I remember Barrie Wilde sagely telling methat no one would ever make a living out of daylighting.Still entertaining the goal of taking Part III and becominga chartered architect I joined Bickerdike Allen Partners.Designing GP practices did little to excite me, but I soondiscovered that my real job was to help Dr William Allen (Bill toeverybody) in his final career. He had trained as an architect,Kallos Gallery, Davies St, Londonbecome an acoustician, chaired the Architectural Associationand created a practice renowned for its knowledge of buildingscience before deafness encouraged him to take up lighting.In hindsight, until his death three years later, I was privilegedto have a masterclass in becoming a consultant. The otheroutcome of this period was the abandonment of plans tobecome an architect and a gradual translation into full-timelighting. This was accelerated in 1996 by an invitation to teachon the Light and Lighting MSc course at the Bartlett, a 20 percent appointment that I have maintained since then.Somehow my students thankfully didn’t discover that in myfirst year I was barely steps in front of them. I discovered thata PhD equips one with an ability to learn, but not necessarilya breadth of understanding of one’s subject. I took over thedaylighting part of the course. Barrie was right, I wasn’t going toeasily make a living out of it, yet each year I have tried to conveymy enthusiasm as well as an understanding for a field that lacksthe quantitative certainties of most of illuminating engineeringand demands an exploration of intuition and observation.For many years, I sensed my colleagues throughout thelighting industry have anticipated what I will have to say andlabelled it daylight and thus elective rather than essential. It isperhaps no longer a matter of time before we finally abandonhorizontal illuminance as a useful metric for most interiorlighting, and root mean exitance and other tools make a moredirect link to what we actually see. I am not sure I can claimauthorship of the observation ‘the room is the luminaire’, butanyone with a healthy in interest in daylighting understands thisand we are now safely on the way to lighting’s equivalent ofGrand Unification Theory.Before leaving Bickerdike Allen, Bill and myself had beenasked to relight much of the Frick Collection in New Yorkand this set the tone when forming my own independentconsultancy following his death in 1999. I went on to similartasks with the Huntington Gallery in California and then therelighting of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston.Each project, large or small, is a new delicate balancing actof visibility, lighting control and integration, often within protectedhistoric buildings. I sense my role is a mixture of hospitalconsultant and medieval master mason. I consider myselffortunate to have been able develop the field of my research.The concept design for the Hermitage extension in StPetersburg provided the opportunity to fully engage withclimate-based daylighting analysis and disseminate this tothe museum world, resulting in yet another chairman’s role,this time the architecture committee of the InternationalCouncil of Museums.It is a particular delight that a major current project is acollaboration with the National Trust and John Mardaljevic tofinally explore the actual daylight performance of interiors in away that was only a dream in the mid-1990s. n10 11

YLOTY International Year of LightInternational Year of YLOTY LightLighting unpluggedContinuing his series of articles inspired by the Paris launch of theInternational Year of Light 2015, John Aston looks at the subject ofoff-grid lighting – and why it’s more difficult to implement than it seemsStudying by the light of a solar lanternAlthough off-grid lighting was featured during the launch event,and is also one of the key subjects for the International Yearof Light, it did not receive as much attention as I expected. Wetake the ‘right to light at night’ almost for granted, but billionsaround the world are either denied this benefit or have to relyon kerosene, wax or oil lamps. Using a naked flame to providelight brings the attendant hazards of accidental fires, noxiousfumes and indoor pollution.More than1.5bn people live in areas where there is noelectricity supply, and a further 1bn only have access to anintermittent supply. Because we have a reliable supply grid (atleast at the moment) we take light for granted and know that wealways have light at night to study, be entertained or socialise.In many areas of the world this luxury is just not available.This problem is well known, and has been for some time,but what is the current situation, and is progress towards aneffective solution being made? The advent of two technologies– solid state (LED) lighting and low cost solar PV panels – hasdriven the development of a wide range of off-grid lightingproducts. In addition, the basic idea behind Trevor Baylis’swind-up radio also has the potential to help those who have nomains electricity, and need light.However, almost by definition, the areas where off-gridlighting solutions are most needed are also some of the poorestareas on the planet. Money is scarce and economic activity isvery low, access to fuel varies and the attitudes of governmentsto supporting remote rural communities are not consistent. Inmany places the price of kerosene is subsidised but the coststo the people nevertheless make up a very high proportion oftheir annual spend.Placing new products into thismarket that disrupt the prevailingeconomic models is much harderthan it might appearThe SunBell solar lamp and phone charger by Bright Products,a member of GOGLA, won an iF Design award earlier this yearPlacing new products into this market that disrupt theprevailing economic models is much harder than it mightappear. A continuous purchase of a consumable (the fuel)is replaced by a single capital spend on an off-grid lightingsystem. The simple maintenance issues of oil-based lighting(trimming the wick…) are swapped for the more complex taskof checking electrical connections and electronic fault-finding.Then there is the question of cost and product quality; anunscrupulous supplier using cheap components could addressthis market with low-cost lights that might meet the priceexpectation but fail miserably on life and performance. Manyof the regions requiring these off-grid lights are also harshenvironments involving high ambient temperatures, abrasivedust and the need to be very robust to withstand mechanicalshock and mishandling.If you look into the world of off-grid lighting you also findthat there are some external market forces that influenceboth the products and the people involved. A quick look at themembers of the Global Off-Grid Lighting Association (GOGLA)shows a very diverse number of organisations including majoroil companies, large lighting companies and many small,entrepreneurial businesses, plus the International FinanceCorporation (part of the World Bank).All of these organisations support off-grid lighting fromdifferent points of view; some are trying to meet their corporatesocial responsibilities, others are looking at the carbonreduction benefits, and many are trying to develop a viablebusiness in a free market to meet a consumer demand. On topof this there is also the issue of finance and how the market isfunded; normal banks are reluctant to get involved but there isstill a real need to provide loans and development investment.This is one change that cannot simply be brought about bycharitable donations, although these organisations also play asignificant and valuable part.There are further challenges, including overcoming existingbusiness models (for example, where kerosene is subsidised),import tariffs or even high VAT rates. The revolution needs tonot only provide safe, effective lighting for the millions without,but also to deliver funding and practical business models thathelp to grow local economies. Alongside this need for selfpoweredlighting is the parallel growth of the mobile phonemarket in these same regions – it is said that large parts ofAfrica and India may never have a hard-wired phone network –and the consequent need to recharge these devices. It seemslogical to use your PV-based, or clockwork, generators to notonly drive lights but also recharge mobile phones.So what appeared to be a simple substitution of an existingprimitive lighting technology with the very latest LED productsis not straightforward at all. To a degree, the range of off-gridlighting products that are now offered to this market reflectsthis: there are simple portable LED lights with built-in PVpanels, clever weight-driven clockwork generators and largerPV-based lighting systems that can supply multiple lightingpoints or even area lighting.By addressing wider applications than a simple personallight for the home the business opportunities change and thebenefits of artificial light are delivered to help more people tostudy, play and develop local, sustainable economies. Thebarrier to economic development presented by there being nolocal grid supply is rapidly being overcome, and the lightingworld is helping to deliver better lives for those that havepreviously had little or no access to light at night. nThe second generation of the GravityLight (GL02), created byBritish industrial designers Martin Riddiford and Jim Reeves,is currently under development. The size of a pineapple, thelamp is powered by an 11kg weight – a robust bag that can befilled with rocks or sand and hung from a cord below the light– which drops around 2m over half an hour. This drives a silentmotor at thousands of rotations a second, producing lightfor 30 minutes. It shines slightly brighter than most kerosenelamps, though the light level can be adjusted, from strong tasklighting to a longer-lasting low-level glow. The lamp has twoterminals on the front so that it can also be used as a generatorto recharge other devices including radios and batteries12 13

LR&T essentialsObituaryIssues in questionIain Carlile finds evidence of arethink in certain areas of lightingin the recent issue of LightingResearch and TechnologyChange is something of a light motif in the latest issue of LR&T,particularly in terms of metrics and approaches to lighting design.Other topics include human factors, exterior lighting, daylight,automobile lighting and the effect of lighting on insects.Boyce’s editorial muses over the safety of cyclists, consideringboth their visibility and also their ability to identify hazards. Hesuggests that researchers and cyclist safety organisations alikelook into the requirements for cycle lighting.In his opinion piece, Cuttle calls for a change in lightingmetrics, advocating that they consider perceived adequacy ofillumination, thereby redefining lighting standards. This wouldallow for both calculative and visual composition lighting designto be covered by the same metrics, removing the divisionbetween these two approaches.Also looking at a change to current approaches in lighting,Rea suggests in his paper using a set of benefit efficiencyfunctions, considering the distinct, but interrelated roles of light,lighting and neuroscience as a way of improving lighting forsociety and the environment. This would provide a meaningfulfoundation for international commerce, he says, and enrichneuroscience research. Considering the spectral sensitivity of theeye for both visual and non-visual effects, Rea suggests usinga broader luminous efficiency function, as a way of increasingthe value of lighting applications. ‘By formally accepting a setof benefit efficiency functions in standards and applications,a platform for collaboration among lighting practitioners andneuroscientists is built,’ says Rea.Perz et al present a new measure for the visibility of thestroboscopic effect occurring in temporally modulated lightsystems. The new measure is based on the results fromthree different perception experiments, which consideredmeasurement error, square wave and sine wave modulations,and complex wave forms.Examining the need for road lightingin residential roads to enhance people’s judgement of otherpedestrians’ apparent intent, Fotios et al describe an experimentwhich assessed forced-choice judgement of emotion andgaze direction under different lamp types, luminance andinterpersonal distances. Higher luminance and larger task sizesimproved performance, but with diminishing returns, accordingto the results. Appropriate light levels for outdoor lighting wereestimated using the findings from the experiment.In their paper, Tashiro et al develop a new equation modifiedfrom the CIE Unified Glare Rating formula. From the results oftheir experiments they suggest using effective glare luminance(the sum of luminances in the luminaire area divided by theeffective area) as a way of evaluating discomfort glare for lightsources with different spatial luminance distributions.Poiani et al present a study investigating the effect of usingCFL and LED light sources in attracting nocturnal insects. Whenusing light sources with similar photometric specifications threetimes more insects were attracted to the CFL. They suggest thatLED light sources may therefore be preferable if the objective isto avoid the attraction of nocturnal insects to households.Using a self-developed spectrum sky scanner and theRelative spectral power distribution of four (blue) InGaN andthree (red) GaAsP LEDs (The lumen seen in a new light, MS Rea)results taken from a 12-month study in Beijing, Luo et al haveestablished a relationship between actual Beijing sky types andthe CIE standard sky model, which is potentially of use in thestudy of daylight in the Chinese capital.Luo et al present the results from an experiment investigatingthe colour-difference discrimination for six different white lightsources. Using the results they tested various chromaticitydiagrams, colour spaces and colour difference formulae, goingon to recommend how best to define colour tolerance of whitelight sources.Ge et al propose a new LED low-beam motorcycle headlamp.Both the simulation and measurement meet the relevant UNEconomic Commission for Europe vehicle regulations.Fotios’s research note questions the validity of the de Boerscale for evaluating discomfort glare. The de Boer scale usesa response scale which effectively forces an opinion on thepresence of glare since the scale does not include a ‘no glare’option. Response variance may also be affected by uncertaintyin the meaning of the magnitude descriptors. Fotios suggestsactions that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of distortionsoccurring in results. nIain Carlile, MSLL, is an associate of DPA Lighting DesignLighting Research and Technology Vol 47, No 3, May 2015Editorial: Save the cyclist Peter BoyceOpinion: Overcoming a divided profession Kit CuttleThe lumen seen in a new light: making distinctions betweenlight, lighting and neuroscience MS ReaModelling the visibility of the stroboscopic effect occurring intemporally modulated light systems M Perz, IMLC Vogels,D Sekulovski, L Wang, Y Tu and IEJ HeynderickxEffects of outdoor lighting on judgements of emotion and gazedirection S Fotios, B Yang and C ChealDiscomfort glare for white LED light sources with differentspatial arrangements T Tashiro, S Kawanobe, T Kimura-Minoda,S Kohko, T Ishikawa and M AyamaEffects of residential energy-saving lamps on the attraction ofnocturnal insects S Poiani, C Dietrich, A Barroso and AMCosta-LeonardoSky-luminance distribution in Beijing T Luo, D Yan, R Linand J ZhaoColour difference evaluation for white light sources MR Luo,G Cui and M GeorgoulaA light-emitting diode motorcycle low-beam headlamp based ona freeform reflector P Ge, X Wang, Y Li and H WangResearch Note: Uncertainty in subjective evaluation ofdiscomfort glare S FotiosJanet Turner 1936-2015Janet Turner, an honorary fellow of the SLL, died in April thisyear aged 78. Flamboyant, funny and fearless in her defenceof design integrity, she did much to promote the cause ofindependent lighting design in its early years.Originally training and working as an interior designer, shewas design director of Concord Lighting for more than 25 years.She worked with many leading architects, and was involvedwith two RIBA Stirling Prize-winning projects: Peckham Librarywith Alsop Architects and the NatWest Media Centre at Lord’scricket ground by Future Systems.Under her regime, and following the ethos of founderBernard Stern, Concord had a reputation for commissioningdesigners such as Conran Associates and Terence Woodgate,creating several award-winning products that combined theaesthetic with the technical. Turner fought hard to ensurethat design remained at the core of Concord’s approach as itunderwent various mergers and takeovers in the late 1990s.‘She had an eye for detail,’ says Fred Bass, who workedwith her twice at Concord, the second time when she supportedthe international sales effort he came back to direct. ‘The wayan exhibition stand was dressed in the hours before the showwas critical, for instance, and she always added somethingspecial. I remember her stopping at the flower shop every dayon the way to the stand, and she would often use design piecesthat appealed to our specifying customers. She knew so manypeople it was amazing just to stand nearby.’Also an author – she wrote four books on lighting – andinternational lecturer, Turner was as active as ever afterretiring from Concord. She was a consultant to Alsop on QueenMary Medical and Dental School in east London and withHeatherwick Studio on the East Beach Cafe in Littlehampton,West Sussex. She also advised on the Park Hill regenerationproject in Sheffield, working with Studio Egret West, and on theHotel Villa Padierna in Marbella, Spain, with Ed Gilbert.With her moniker of Red Janet, Turner was passionateabout all forms of art, creativity and design (she went to Dudleyart school, where she met and then married the painter TonyTurner). The glass artist Andrew Logan was a close friend andcollaborator, and Turner was an active trustee of the AndrewLogan Museum of Sculpture in Berriew, Powys, mid-Wales.She was also deeply committed to the Alternative Miss World, ashowcase for freedom of expression set up by Logan.Having already been made a fellow of The RoyalIncorporation of Architects in Scotland ‘for her services tointernational lighting design and improving places for people’,the RIAS gave her a lifetime achievement award in 2014.‘Janet understood the thread between the art and thescience of lighting, and could communicate that connectionbetter than anyone else I have ever met,’ says JeremyMyerson, who has just stepped down from his role as director ofthe Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design at the Royal College of Art.‘Lighting is part theatre and part physics, and Janet inhabitedboth worlds simultaneously.’ n‘Janet understood the threadbetween the art and the science oflighting, and could communicatethat connection better than anyoneelse I have ever met’– Jeremy Myerson Peckham Library, one of several collaborations with Alsop14 15

EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS...EVENTS201515 JulyLighting in Healthcare(One-day conference organisedby the ILP with the Institute ofHealthcare Engineering andEstate Management)Venue: Hilton Birmingham Metropolewww.theilp.org.uk/events/diary/issues-inlighting-for-healthcare/28 JulyHow to be Brilliant with:Paul Traynor, Light Bureau(ILP event)Venue: ACDC Lighting Studio,London N1Time: 6.30pmjo@theilp.org.uk29 JulyObtrusive Light:navigating the compliance minefield(One-day course organised by the ILP)Venue: BRE, Bucknalls Lane, Watfordwww.bre.co.uk/eventdetails.jsp?id=864813 AugustColourdome in London:The HCNW Lighting PaperVenue: Pushkin House, BloomsburySquare, London WC1www.cibse.org/training-events15 July: Lighting in Healthcare, Hilton Birmingham Metropole1 OctoberNight of Heritage Light(SLL IYL event, lighting of a series of UKUnesco World Heritage Sites)www.sll-nhl.org4-6 OctoberPlasaVenue: ExCel, London E16www.plasashow.comLighting Masterclasses:Masterclasses are kindly sponsoredby Helvar, Philips, Thorn and Trilux.For venues and booking details :www.sll.cibse.org14-18 SeptemberExterior Lighting Diploma Module 1(Organised by the ILP)Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugbyjean@theilp.org.uk16-19 SeptemberLED Lighting ChinaVenue: Shanghai New InternationalExpo Centrewww.ledlightingchina-sh22-24 SeptemberFifth International LED professionalSymposium and Expo (LpS 2015)Venue: Festspielhaus, Bregenz, Austriawww.led-professional-symposium.com23-24 SeptemberProfessional Lighting Summit(Organised by the ILP)Venue: Queen Hotel, Chesterjess@theilp.org.uk30 SeptemberLG7: The HCNW Lighting Paper at GXVenue: Zumtobel LightingChalfont St Peterwww.cibse.org/training-events8-10 OctoberIALD Enlighten Americas 2015Location: Baltimore, MDwww.iald.org27-30 OctoberHong Kong International Lighting FairVenue: Hong Kong Convention andExhibition Centreww.hktdc.com28-31 OctoberPLDC 2015(with SLL as Official Knowledge Partner)Venue: Ergife Palace Hotel, Romewww.pld-c.com18-19 NovemberLuxLive 2015(Including SLL Young Lighter of the Yearfinal and Mini Masterclasses)Venue: ExCel, London E16www.luxlive.co.uk19 NovemberLux Awards 2015Venue: Troxy, Commercial RoadLondon E1www.luxawards.co.ukLET Diploma (in association withLondon South Bank University): advancedqualification by distance learning. Detailsfrom www.lightingeducationtrust.orgor email LET@cibse.orgMid Career College: the collegeruns various courses across thewhole spectrum of lighting and atsites across the UK. Full details atwww.cibsetraining.co.uk/mccLIF courses: details from JohnHugill, 0208 529 6909, or emailtraining@lif.co.uk