DPS - 15 Lactic Acid Estimation <strong>in</strong> Milk Conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g AdulterantsRajan Sharma, Darshan Lal, Raman Seth, B.K. Wadhwa, Y.S. Rajput<strong>Dairy</strong> Chemistry Division, National <strong>Dairy</strong> Research Institute, Karnal-132 001 (Haryana)Lactic acid content <strong>of</strong> milk reflects the quality and hygienic status <strong>of</strong> milk. Over the yearsdifferent methods have been developed for the estimation <strong>of</strong> lactic acid <strong>in</strong> milk and milk products.These methods are based on (i) conversion <strong>of</strong> lactic acid <strong>in</strong>to acetaldehyde which subsequentlyreacts with p-hdyroxy diphenyl (BIS), (ii) liquid-liquid extraction <strong>of</strong> lactic acid from milk sample withdiethyl ether followed by colour reaction with ferric chloride (AOAC) and (iii) enzymatic conversion <strong>of</strong>lactic acid <strong>in</strong>to pyruvic acid with simultaneous reduction <strong>of</strong> NAD to NADH (IDF). S<strong>in</strong>ce, there arenumber <strong>of</strong> reports <strong>of</strong> adulteration <strong>of</strong> milk, the efficacy <strong>of</strong> BIS, AOAC and IDF methods <strong>in</strong> milk wasstudied <strong>in</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> various additives such as neutralizers (NaOH, NaHCO3), preservatives(formal<strong>in</strong>, H2O2) and other adulterants (glucose, urea). BIS method was unsuitable for estimation <strong>of</strong>lactic acid <strong>in</strong> milk conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g formal<strong>in</strong> or glucose. Other additives viz., NaOH, NaHCO3, H2O2 andurea do not <strong>in</strong>terfere <strong>in</strong> BIS method. In AOAC and IDF methods, lactic acid estimation is not<strong>in</strong>fluenced by presence <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> the listed additives <strong>in</strong> milk samples. L-lactic is major component <strong>in</strong>total lactic acid <strong>in</strong> fresh raw milk and its proportion is further <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>in</strong> raw milk samples stored at37°C for 6 h. IDF method applied to six months-old-formal<strong>in</strong> treated milk provided reliable results.DPS - 16 Effect <strong>of</strong> Fat Levels on Physico-Chemicaland Textural Properties <strong>of</strong> Filled Pizza Type CheeseS. K. Kanawjia, S. S<strong>in</strong>gh , Sumit Arora, S.Makhal and H. K. KhuranaNational <strong>Dairy</strong> Research Institute, Karnal – 132 001 (Haryana)Pizza type cheese was made from buffalo skim milk standardized with vegetable oil(Gem<strong>in</strong>i-ref<strong>in</strong>ed soybean oil) to achieve 5 different fat levels <strong>in</strong> the f<strong>in</strong>al product hav<strong>in</strong>g approximately5, 10, 20, 30 and 35 per cent. Buffalo milk Pizza cheese was also prepared with standardized milk atdifferent set targets. The experimental and control cheeses were made employ<strong>in</strong>g direct acidificationmethod. The effect <strong>of</strong> different manufactur<strong>in</strong>g parameters, sensory, physico-chemical and texturalproperties were studied. The study revealed that fat contributes <strong>in</strong> the development <strong>of</strong> flavour, bodyand texture and textural properties <strong>of</strong> the cheese. The lowest fat level resulted <strong>in</strong> a <strong>in</strong>ferior product.On the other hand highest fat level gave relatively s<strong>of</strong>ter product. No appreciable differences werenoticed <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> various process<strong>in</strong>g parameters studied. As the fat percentage was reduced, therewas an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> moisture and prote<strong>in</strong> content <strong>of</strong> the cheese. However, there was a significantdecrease <strong>in</strong> the moisture <strong>in</strong> non fat substance <strong>in</strong> the cheese as the fat percentage was reduced. Theyield, fat, and MFFS <strong>of</strong> cheese were directly related with the fat levels <strong>in</strong> the cheese milk. Whereas,moisture prote<strong>in</strong>, salt and S/M were <strong>in</strong>versely related to fat levels <strong>in</strong> cheese. TPA studies revealedthat textural properties <strong>of</strong> cheese vary significantly with the level <strong>of</strong> fats/oils <strong>in</strong> cheese milk. Theexperimental cheeses scored lower sensory scores as compared to controls.
DPS - 17Studies on Development and Standardization<strong>of</strong> Sterilized Carrot based Flavoured MilkMehar Afroz Qureshi; Goel, B.K.; Uprit, S.; Asgar S. and S<strong>in</strong>gh, K.C.P.Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Dairy</strong> Technology, College <strong>of</strong> <strong>Dairy</strong> Technology, Raipur (C.G.)Carrot (Daucas Carota) is highly valued for its nutritional and therapeutic properties andcarotenoids content. The high <strong>in</strong>take <strong>of</strong> carotenoids help <strong>in</strong> decreas<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>in</strong>cidence <strong>of</strong> somediseases like cancer, muscular degeneration, cardiovascular and pathological processes <strong>in</strong> humanhealth. Carrot juice is also helpful <strong>in</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> bifidobacterium bifidum <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>fant’s digestive system.In the development <strong>of</strong> this product natural colour and flavour <strong>of</strong> carrot would elim<strong>in</strong>ate the addition <strong>of</strong>artificial colour and flavour to the flavoured milk. Carrot based flavoured milk have been developedus<strong>in</strong>g 10, 20 and 30 per cent carrot juice and shredded carrot with 15 per cent sugar. The product wassterilized and stored at room temperature for chemical analysis and sensory evaluation. The sensoryevaluation <strong>of</strong> the product was carried out on 9 po<strong>in</strong>t Hedonic scale. The flavoured milk conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g 20per cent carrot for juice and shredded was preferred mostly by the judges. The product was wellaccepted upto one month <strong>of</strong> storage at room temperature.DPS - 18Technology for Production <strong>of</strong> Kadhiwith Commercial Shelf-lifeManohar, S. S. and B.V. BalasubramanyamSouthern Campus, National <strong>Dairy</strong> Research Institute, Bangalore – 560 030Kadhi is a dahi based ethnic cul<strong>in</strong>ary product prepared <strong>in</strong> most part <strong>of</strong> our country and is popularby different names. It is generally prepared by cook<strong>in</strong>g dahi with bengal gram flour, salt chillipowder and season<strong>in</strong>g materials. Vegetables are also added as fill<strong>in</strong>g materials. The shelf life <strong>of</strong> theproduct is 24 to 48 hours depend<strong>in</strong>g on method <strong>of</strong> preparation and storage conditions. No standardtechnology for production <strong>of</strong> uniform quality with long shelf life is available for commercialexploitation. Hence, attempts were made to optimize the <strong>in</strong>gredients and process for the production<strong>of</strong> good quality Kadhi. The use <strong>of</strong> 2.0% fat and 8.5% MSNF was found suitable for preparation <strong>of</strong>good quality Kadhi with optimum mouthfeel. Use <strong>of</strong> yoghurt culture for dahi production and ferment<strong>in</strong>gmilk to 1.0% acidity level resulted <strong>in</strong> most acceptable product. Higher acidity <strong>in</strong> dahi resulted <strong>in</strong>gra<strong>in</strong>y texture to the product with whey separation. The Bengal gram flour at 5% <strong>of</strong> dahi (w/w) gaveoptimum consistency to the product. Use <strong>of</strong> lower level resulted <strong>in</strong> th<strong>in</strong>ner consistency and dahiflavour dom<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>in</strong> the product. The standardized Kadhi was subjected to retort process<strong>in</strong>g attwo F 0values <strong>of</strong> 3.0 and 5.0. The sensory studies <strong>in</strong>dicated that both the samples processed at3.0 and 5.0 F 0values stored well upto more than 5 weeks.19