steps to sustainable and community-based ntfp management

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to thank my husband Jon Corbett, my parents Judy and Peter Stockdale andmy children Emma and Tom for their support and sacrifices.Thanks also to the organizers and participants of the NTFP-EP workshop ‘communityassessment and monitoring of NTFP sustainability in South and Southeast Asia: towards building acommon guide on principles and parameters’, held September 22-27, 2003 in Bayombong, NuevaVizcaya, Philippines, for the impetus for this manual.The subsequent writing of the manual was tactfully but firmly overseen at all stages byJenne de Beer and Maria Cristina S. Guerrero of NTFP-EP.Drafts have been reviewed by the following people: Wim Bergmans, Tony Cunningham,Snehlata Nath, Karen Lawrence, Harisharan Luintel and Bert-Jan Ottens. Thanks also toChris Stockdale, Brad Anholt and John Robinson for their mathematical and statisticaladvice. Trish Shanley provided support in many different ways, from encouragement atthe outset to advice on layout. Citlalli López provided many ideas and good advice ongraphic design. Janet Bartz helped with the preparation of some of the figures. Final copyediting by Dawn Jones was also much appreciated.Funding for the workshop and subsequent manual has been provided by the Foundation forthe Philippine Environment, HIVOS, the Overbrook Foundation and SIEMENPUU.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSiiiPREFACE 1Communities and NTFPs in South and Southeast Asia 1The purpose of this manual 1Who this manual is for 1Why this manual was written 2How this manual was written 4The manual structure 4INTRODUCTIONCONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES BEHIND SUSTAINABLE AND COMMUNITY-BASEDNTFP MANAGEMENT 5Concepts behind sustainable and community-based NTFP management 5Principles behind sustainable and community-based NTFP management 7STEP 1IDENTIFY THE NTFPS TO BE MANAGED, THEIR USES AND THE PEOPLEWHO ARE TO MANAGE THEM 15Introduction 151.1. Which NTFPs are to be managed? 151.2. What are the uses of these NTFPs? 161.3. Who will manage these NTFPs? 17Where to next? 20STEP 2DETERMINE THE COMMUNITY’S RATIONALE AND GOALSFOR SUSTAINABLE NTFP MANAGEMENT 21Introduction 212.1. Rationale for sustainable NTFP management 212.2. Goals for sustainable NTFP management 22Where to next? 25iv
Page 1 and 2: STEPS TO SUSTAINABLEAND COMMUNITY-B
Page 3: A publication of the NTFP Exchange
Page 7 and 8: STEP 7IMPLEMENT AND MONITOR THE MAN
Page 9 and 10: A Penan Magoh of Sarawak, Malaysia
Page 11 and 12: How this manual was writtenThis man
Page 13 and 14: The Mangyan of Mindoro have a livel
Page 15 and 16: Box 1. The importance of including
Page 17 and 18: There is widespread agreement that
Page 19 and 20: Figure 4. An illustration of the co
Page 21 and 22: Conducting a participatory rattan i
Page 23 and 24: STEP 1meaning that any community th
Page 25 and 26: STEP 11.3.2. Other NTFP stakeholder
Page 27 and 28: STEP 1Where to next?By the end of S
Page 29 and 30: STEP 2• Certification requirement
Page 32 and 33: STEP 2Where to next?By the end of S
Page 34 and 35: STEP 33.2. When to document the exi
Page 36 and 37: STEP 3Box 6. Obtaining the scientif
Page 38 and 39: STEP 33.4.4. NTFP management practi
Page 40 and 41: STEP 3• Do harvesters use any oth
Page 42 and 43: STEP 3Box 8. Policies and laws rela
Page 44 and 45: STEP 4EVALUATE THE EXISTING SYSTEM
Page 46 and 47: STEP 4Table 2. Ecological predictor
Page 48 and 49: STEP 4Table 4. Social predictors of
Page 50 and 51: STEP 44.5. Political predictors of
Page 52 and 53: STEP 4Ultimately, the community wil
Page 54 and 55:
STEP 5The extent to which new appro
Page 56 and 57:
STEP 55.1.2. NTFP resources that ar
Page 58 and 59:
STEP 55.1.4. A summary of managemen
Page 60 and 61:
STEP 5Rotational: Harvesting is rot
Page 62 and 63:
STEP 5LegendVillageBirds nest caveG
Page 64 and 65:
STEP 5Box 11. Important harvesting
Page 66 and 67:
STEP 55.2.4. Assessing current harv
Page 68 and 69:
STEP 5A low input approachThe only
Page 70 and 71:
STEP 5Box 14. Estimating the popula
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STEP 5seed to harvestable size or o
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STEP 5Box 15. Understanding regener
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STEP 5Example 21. Estimating the su
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STEP 6To develop a management plan,
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STEP 6• Sacred groves or other si
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STEP 6The community should also out
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STEP 6Example 23. The Community Res
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STEP 6NTFP-Task Force members in th
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STEP 66. Results of resource invent
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STEP 6Where to next?By the end of t
Page 92 and 93:
STEP 7Developing a plan for monitor
Page 94 and 95:
STEP 7• Evidence that the decisio
Page 96 and 97:
STEP 7existing management system’
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STEP 7Example 26. Monitoring wildli
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STEP 7• Are there any gaps in kno
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ENDNOTESparticipants get together t
Page 104 and 105:
REFERENCESAlder D. & Synnott T. J.
Page 106 and 107:
REFERENCESDawkins H. C. (1958) The
Page 108 and 109:
REFERENCESMaxwell S. E. & Delaney H
Page 110 and 111:
REFERENCESSchelhas J., Buck L. E. &
Page 112 and 113:
APPENDIX AHOW TO DELINEATE MANAGEME
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APPENDIX AA.2.3. Costs of making th
Page 116 and 117:
APPENDIX AA.3.2. How to make a sket
Page 118 and 119:
APPENDIX A• Agricultural lands, d
Page 120 and 121:
APPENDIX AKey ReferencesBelow are k
Page 122 and 123:
APPENDIX B• Applying adaptive man
Page 124 and 125:
APPENDIX Boutline how the test will
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APPENDIX BThe factors of interest c
Page 128 and 129:
APPENDIX Band vigor of a resource,
Page 130 and 131:
APPENDIX CHOW TO MAKE HARVEST RECOR
Page 132 and 133:
APPENDIX CC.2.3. TimeThe time taken
Page 134 and 135:
APPENDIX C• Examine the progress
Page 136 and 137:
APPENDIX CResource reproduction:•
Page 138 and 139:
APPENDIX C• Evidence of leaf and
Page 140 and 141:
APPENDIX CIt is best if these resul
Page 142 and 143:
APPENDIX DD.1.3. Key principles inv
Page 144 and 145:
APPENDIX Dbe three times more expen
Page 146 and 147:
APPENDIX D• The distance of inter
Page 148 and 149:
APPENDIX Dto concentrate on the bio
Page 150 and 151:
APPENDIX EE.1.2. How are resource i
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APPENDIX EExample E.2. The importan
Page 154 and 155:
APPENDIX EAn accurate scale map is
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APPENDIX EPlot size. Small plants a
Page 158 and 159:
APPENDIX EBox E.2. Different measur
Page 160 and 161:
APPENDIX E• The resource’s popu
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APPENDIX FF.2. CostF.2.1. Equipment
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APPENDIX FAt least five individuals
Page 166 and 167:
APPENDIX FChoosing what measurement
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APPENDIX Fand low; or individually-
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APPENDIX Fclass specific conversion
Page 172 and 173:
APPENDIX GG.1.3. Key principles inv
Page 174 and 175:
APPENDIX Gplanned quantitative meth
Page 176 and 177:
APPENDIX GQuestion 3: Is the plant
Page 178 and 179:
APPENDIX GAn example of a recovery
Page 180 and 181:
APPENDIX Gresource population shoul
Page 182 and 183:
APPENDIX Henables the community to
Page 184 and 185:
APPENDIX HObjective 2. The resource
Page 186 and 187:
APPENDIX Hmay need to be monitored
Page 188 and 189:
APPENDIX IHOW TO STUDY DEMOGRAPHYI.
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APPENDIX II.2. CostI.2.1. Equipment
Page 192 and 193:
APPENDIX IFigure I.2. A suitable pl
Page 194 and 195:
APPENDIX I• Germination tests. Se
Page 196 and 197:
APPENDIX IKey ReferencesBelow are k
Page 198:
STEPS TO SUSTAINABLEAND COMMUNITY-B
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