The Lows of Getting HighOne teen’s journey from street corner to jail to recoveryCLOSE UP: MARIJUANABy Cate BailyAt 18, Alby Podolski was living anightmare behind bars. He felt he was inconstant physical danger. “I saw people getstabbed,” Alby says. And he experienced dailyindignities. “I couldn’t eat the food they served.The potatoes were like blocks <strong>and</strong> the meatdidn’t taste like meat,” he says.Believe it or not, gettingarrested was probablythe best thing that couldhave happened to Alby. Itgot him into treatment forhis drug problem.When we spoke toAlby, he was one monthinto his recovery at Daytop,a drug rehabilitation centerin Westchester, NY.GRUDGE AGAINSTTHE WORLDIt all started one summer dayon a street corner in Yonkerswhen Alby was 13. “You needto get your mind right. Hit thisblunt,” a friend said.definitely addicted,” says Alby of his dailyuse of marijuana over a five-year period. For some“Iwaspeople, this is a controversial idea.They argue that marijuana is not addictive.According to NIDA, addiction ischaracterized by “compulsive, at timesuncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, <strong>and</strong>use that persist even in the face of extremelynegative consequences.”Dr. Glen Hanson, the Acting Director ofAlby Podolski, 19FORMER MARIJUANA ABUSER / IN TREATMENTAlby didn’t have thestrength to say no. He felt hehad to smoke the blunt (acigar hollowed out <strong>and</strong>THE ADDICTION QUESTIONrefilled with marijuana or amix of cocaine <strong>and</strong> marijuana)to fit in. And he desperatelywanted to belong.His parents had never beenthere for him. They were drugaddicts themselves <strong>and</strong>couldn’t h<strong>and</strong>le the dem<strong>and</strong>sof parenting. So, Alby bouncedfrom a foster home to hisgr<strong>and</strong>mother’s to a grouphome. When he was about 14,his mother died.“I wasn’t supposed togo through this,” Alby says.“I had a grudge againstthe world.”After trying marijuana(also called weed, grass,pot, herb, boom, MaryJane, <strong>and</strong> chronic) to fitin, Alby kept abusing thedrug because he enjoyedthe high, or intoxicatedfeeling, marijuana creates. “Ithad me in another state ofmind,” he says. “I was relaxed.All my problems seemed likethey were disappearing.”NIDA, says that marijuana is indeed addictive. “I find itironic that people say ‘oh, it's not addictive’ <strong>and</strong> yet it’s themost commonly used of our illicit [illegal]drugs,” he says.Although Hanson concedes that not everyonewho smokes marijuana becomes addicted, hepoints out that many people experience cravingsfor the drug <strong>and</strong> have withdrawal symptoms whenthey get off it. “For me, that defines addiction,”he says.ERIC O’CONNELL/TAXI BY GETTY IMAGES(MARIJUANA)6FROM SCHOLASTIC AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
THC INVASIONThe relaxed feeling Alby describes was caused by THC(tetrahydrocannabinol), the active ingredient (mostpowerful chemical) in marijuana. But the chemical wasalso responsible for the negative effects he experienced.Here’s what happens: When a user smokes marijuana, theTHC travels quickly through the bloodstream to the brain.That’s when the problems start. In everyone’s brain, there arespecial receptors, called cannabinoid receptors. They’re locatedin several important brain regions (shown here in brown),including the area that helps you remember things. THCattaches to thecannabinoid receptors <strong>and</strong>interferes with the brain’snormal functioning.Trying to remember aphone number? Forget it, ifTHC has taken over.BraincellNeurotransmittemittersTHCmoleculeBlockedcannabinoid receptorMENTAL BLOCK: A THC molecule binding to a cannabinoidreceptor <strong>and</strong> suppressing the neuron’s ability to send messagesSTEPHEN KRONINGER(ILLUSTRATION); 5W INFOGRAPHICS(CHART AND DIAGRAMS)THE PRICEBut Alby’s problems weren’tdisappearing. They were gettingworse. The good feelings hesought from marijuana wouldcome at a price.Over the next five years,Alby smoked marijuana everyday, several times a day. Hewent to school high <strong>and</strong>eventually dropped out. “I waslosing focus. My attentionwent from 100 to 0. I wasdepressed,” he says.Despite the consequences,Alby kept smoking marijuana.In fact, he was willing to doanything to get high.Eventually, he started dealingdrugs to support his habit.That’s what l<strong>and</strong>ed him inValhalla Correctional Facility,a maximum-security jailin Westchester.NEW FRIENDS,LINGERING EFFECTSNow, at Daytop, Alby has beenable to address the realproblems in his life by talkingthem out with counselors <strong>and</strong>making new friends whom hedescribes as “positive.”But he still feels some ofthe effects of his drug use.“Sometimes I want to saythings, <strong>and</strong> I can’t get them out.I can’t find the word,” Albysays. “I never had that problembefore I started smoking.”Alby’s memory problemsmay improve with time. But fornow, they are enormously frustrating.“I used to know things,”says Alby. “But now, it’s rusty. Iforgot how to do division.”Frustrations aside, he islooking ahead <strong>and</strong> hoping tocreate a future for himself.Alby wants to pursue a careeras a mechanic.Marijuana: By The NumbersMarijuana may be themost commonly usedillicit drug. But it’s NOTbeing used by most of yourpeers—not even close. In caseyou ever get that classic peerpressure line, “Everyone’sPAST YEAR USE8thgradersdoing it,” here are the real numbers from a 2001 NIDA-funded study.Tobacco Vs. MarijuanaYou’ve read our report about cigarette smoking <strong>and</strong> the damagethat can do to your lungs. But what marijuana does to yourlungs may be news.Here’s some of what science tells us:• Marijuana smokers can develop phlegm <strong>and</strong> a daily cough.• Marijuana smoke contains 50 to 70 percent more cancer-causingchemicals than tobacco smoke.• Puff for puff, smoking marijuana may increase the risk ofcancer more than smoking tobacco does.• People who smoke marijuana are at greater risk for lunginfections, like pneumonia.• Chronic marijuana smokers are vulnerableto bronchitis, emphysema, <strong>and</strong>bronchial asthma.• Scientists have foundsigns of lung tissueinjured or destroyed dueto marijuana use.15.4% 32.7% 37.0%10thgraders12thgradersFROM SCHOLASTIC AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES7