Dr. Charles N Waturu Centre Director KARI-Thika P.O. Box 220 ...

Purpose of Bt-cotton Introduction• Experiment Bt-cotton with Cry IAc Prot• Active on Lepidopteran insects• Aim to establish efficacy of protein

Justification of Introduction• Collapse of cotton production in Kenya• Pest control take 32% of production costs• African Bollworm most important cotton pest• Can cause 100% yield loss if un-checked• Synthetic pyrethroids for bollworm control• Others=stainers, whiteflies, aphids and Mites• IPM best for cotton pests

Last but not leastWe invite who would like to know more about the EUco-funded projectto visit the web-site www.planning4adaptation.euPlanning for Adaptation 16/11/2011Pagina 8

Important Cotton PestsBollworm larvae on Square

Important Cotton PestsBollworm on Cotton Boll

Important Cotton PestsBollworm Damage

Important Cotton PestsSemi-looper and Damage (Sporadic)

Important Cotton PestsSucking o PestsoRed Spider Mite – Tetranychus spp.o Jassid – Empoasca spp.

Important Cotton PestsSucking PestsoAphids – A. gossypiioWhitefly – B.tabaciCotton stainers –Dysdercus spp

Baseline Arthropod SurveyPhase IPre-introduction baseline Characterization andquantification of arthropods

ObjectiveEstablish a reference baseline for arthropoddiversity for comparison with studies afterintroduction of Bt-cotton

MethodologySticky and Water trapsPitfall trap

Methodology• Districts covered Meru, Kitui, Malindi, Kirinyaga• Trapping methods-direct counts and water, pitfall andsticky traps• Trapped arthropods recovered every week for 4 weeks.• Arthropods sampling on plants conducted for 4 weeks.• Preserved specimens identified at the NARL

Results• Arthropods recovered in orders Hymenoptera,Coleoptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Acarina,Hemiptera and Diptera.• Arthropods in these orders included important cottonpests and natural enemies.• Reference collection of voucher specimens of speciesof various taxa maintained

Screen-house EvaluationPhase IIScreen-house Evaluation of NuCotn 35BFor Impact on African bollworms and NontargetArthropods

Objectives• Verify direct (bitrophic) effect on Tricho spp.• Verify indirect (tritrophic) effect on Tricho spp.• Verify effect on A. gossypii• Verify efficacy on African bollworms

Methodology

Results•No direct/indirect effect on Tricho spp.•No effect on Aphids•Effective on African bollworms

Confined Field Trial (CFT)Phase IIIField Evaluation of Transgenic Bt-CottonDP448B and DP 404BG for Efficacy onAfrican Bollworms and its Impact on NontargetSpecies

Objectives• Effect of Bt-cotton on natural enemies• Risk of intercrossing with the Bt-cotton• Evaluate economic advantage of Bt-cotton• Efficacy on African Bollworms• Impact on other arthropods

MethodologyTest Varieties• DP 448B-Bt Cotton• DP 404BG-Bt Cotton• DP 5415-Isoline• DP 4049-Isoline• HART 89M-Local commercial variety

MethodologyTreatmentsCode Treatment DetailsA DP 448B UntreatedB DP 448B Treated 6 times for sucking pestsC DP 404BG UntreatedD DP 404BG Treated 6 times for sucking pestsE DP 5415 UntreatedF DP 5415 Treated 6 times for sucking pestsG DP 4049 UntreatedH DP 4049 Treated 6 times for sucking pestsI HART 89M UntreatedJ HART 89M Treated 6 times for sucking pests

MethodologyVariety CharacteristicsCharactersDP 448BDP 404 BGNuCOTN 35BHART 89MLeaf shapeNormalNormalPalmatePalmateLeaf colorDark greenDark greenLight greenMedium-greenLeaf hairinessSemi hairySemi hairySmooth/semismoothSemi hairyPlant shapeConicalConicalConicalConicalFlower colorYellowYellowCreamCreamPollen colorCreamyCreamyCreamyCreamyBall sizeMediumMed-largeMediumLargeMaturing timeMediumseasonMediumseasonMediumseasonMediumseasonFibre qualityGoodGoodGoodGoodFibre yieldHighHighHighHigh

MethodologyExperimental design and layout• Experimental Design RCBD• 4 replications• 10 treatments• 5 x 5m plot size• 3m between blocks• 2m between plots within block• 70 plants per plot @ 30 x 100cm• 12m buffer of commercial variety• Blue corner pegs• Biosafety requirements of site observed

Data Collection• Counts of target and non-target pests• Counts of damaged squares• Counts of natural enemies• Arthropod diversity• Harvested boll count• Seed-cotton yield• Seed sampling for PMG• Costs and yield data for economic study

Data Analysis• Treatments denoted with codes• Counts data transformed (SQR of X+1)• 2 way ANOVA• Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test• Data presented tabular and graphical

ResultsBollworm Larvae Survival3025Mean Bollworm Larvae20151050DP 448BuntreatedDP 448BtreatedDP 404BGuntreatedDP 404BGtreatedDP 5415untreatedDP 5415treatedDP 4049untreatedDP 4049treatedHART 89MuntreatedHART 89MtreatedVarieties

ResultsDamaged Squares807060Mean Damage Squares50403020100DP 448BuntreatedDP 448BtreatedDP 404BGuntreatedDP 404BGtreatedDP 5415untreatedDP 5415treatedDP 4049untreatedDP 4049treatedHART 89MuntreatedHART 89MtreatedVarieties

ResultsSemi-looper Larvae Survival1009080Mean Semi-Looper larvae706050403020100DP 448BuntreatedDP 448BtreatedDP 404BGuntreatedDP 404BGtreatedDP 5415untreatedDP 5415treatedDP 4049untreatedDP 4049treatedHART 89MuntreatedHART 89MtreatedVarieties

ResultsAphid Survival500450400350Mean Aphids300250200150100500DP 448BuntreatedDP 448BtreatedDP 404BGuntreatedDP 404BGtreatedDP 5415untreatedDP 5415treatedDP 4049untreatedDP 4049treatedHART 89MuntreatedHART 89MtreatedVarieties

ResultsLadybird Beetle Larvae Survival40.0035.0030.00Mean Lady birds25.0020.0015.0010.005.000.00DP 448BuntreatedDP 448BtreatedDP 404BGuntreatedDP 404BGtreatedDP 5415untreatedDP 5415treatedDP 4049untreatedDP 4049treatedHART 89MuntreatedHART 89MtreatedVarieties

Bt Cotton Project Output• Efficacy on African bollworm established• No effect on egg laying• Lower square damage for Bt-cotton• Efficacy on Semi-looper established• No impact on key natural enemies• No impact on other arthropods• PMG established• Bt-cotton give better returns