the jewish community of cuba: between continuity and extinction

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136 Margalit BejaranoThe Cubangovernment defends this institutional framework andfacilitates its existence, and thus contributes to Jewish continuity.Anotherimportant factor for continuityis the sense of identitywith the Jewish people,existent not only among the older generation,but also among young peopleborn and raised under the Revolution. Lessfearful than their parents, theysearch for a form of Jewish identitythat would suit their Cubanbackground. They seem less preoccupiedwith the conservation of the present institutions and more with thesearch for true sources of inspiration.Notes1. The first phase of Cuba's Liberation War (1868-1878) ended with apeace treaty between Spain and the rebel army (the Pact of Zanjon).Ina dramatic encounter between Cuban General Antonio Maceo and theSpanish commander Martinez Campos, known as "the Protest ofBaragua," the former refused to accept the terms of the treaty since itdid not recognize the abolition of slavery (Maceo was black) andCuba'sindependence.2. Jose Marti (1853-1895): poet, thinker and writer; the apostle ofCuba'sindependence.See C.A.M.Hennessy,"The Roots of Cuban Nationalism," International Affairs, 39:3 (July 1963):345-359.3. On Spain's and Cuba's immigration policy, see Duvon C. Corbitt,"Immigration in Cuba," Hispanic America Historical Review, 22(1942):280-308.4. The history of Cuban Jews under colonial Spain has still to be studied.Though outdated, the most comprehensive account is Max Kohler, "LosJudios en Cuba," Revista Bimestre Cubana, XV (1920):125-129, basedon the author's entry, "Cuba," in the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1903. Seealso Eduardo Weinfeld, "Cuba," Encyclopedia Judaica Castellana(Mexico, 1947); Leizer Ran, "Information and Data on 400 Years ofJewish Immigrationto Cuba (1492-1948)," Hemshej oif Kubaner Erd(Havana, 1950), pp. 70-72 (Yiddish).5. Lowry Nelson, Rural Cuba (Minneapolis, 1951), p. 175; Manuel MorenoFraginals, "Iglesiae ingenio," Revista de la Biblioteca Nacional JoseMarti, V, 1-4 (1963):ll-28.6. Interviews: Jack Barrocas, Carmiel, 1983; Moises Levin, Miami, 1984;Esther Mitrani et ah, Miami, 1984; Jose and Sol Credi, Miami, 1984;David Ilan, Beit Zera, 1983. Interviews are kept at the Oral HistoryDivision, Institute of Contemporary Jewry, The Hebrew University,Jerusalem.7. "Conversaciones con Frei Betto," Fidel y la religion (Havana, 1985),pp. 101, 107-108.8. Diario de Sesiones de la Convencion Constituyente de la Isla de Cuba,Havana, 27 January 1901, p. 216; L. Bethel, "A Note on Church and theThis content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.72.230 on Sun, 2 Dec 2012 04:14:50 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
The Jewish Community of Cuba 137Independence of Latin America/' Cambridge History of Latin America,III (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 223, 229-230.9. Antonio Nunez Jimenez, Geografia de Cuba (Havana, 1959), p. 173.10. M. Bejarano, "Antisemitism in Cuba during the Period of the Holocaust," Yahadut Zemanenu, V (Jerusalem, 1989):326-327 (Hebrew).11. The implications of the Spanish Civil War on Cuban politicsare analyzed in the profound essay of Alistair Hennessy, "Cuba," in M. Falcoff and F.B. Pike, eds., The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, AmericanHemispheric Perspectives (Lincoln, 1982), pp. 101-158.12. An accurate appraisal of Cuba's balance of rescue appears in RuthZariz, Rescue of German Jews through Emigration 1938-1945, DoctoralThesis, Hebrew University, p. 292 (Hebrew). On the historyof the St.Louis, see Arthur Morse, While Six Million Died (New York, 1968),pp. 270-288; Irving Gellman, "The St. Louis Tragedy," American Jewish Historical Quarterly (1971):144-156; Gordon Thomas and MaxMorgan Witts, Voyage of the Damned (Connecticut, 1974).13. Comite Cubano Pro Palestina Hebrea, 2 de Noviembre 1917-1946; M.Bejarano, "Antisemitism in Cuba under Democratic, Military and Revolutionary Rule," Patterns of Prejudice (Summer 1990):32-33. The motives of Cuba's attitude in the United Nations General Assemblywereanalyzed by Ignacio Klich, "Cuba and the Partition of Palestine: AContribution to the History of Latin America's Single 'No' to JewishStatehood," unpublished manuscript.14. Abraham J. Dubleman, "Cuba," American Jewish Year Book, LI (1950),pp. 260-264; "President Batista Lauds Cuba's Immigrants for ThreeDecades of Contribution," Rescue (Winter 1952), p. 15.15. Interviews: Jose Lurie, Miami, 1984; Aron Yuken, Miami, 1987; IsraelLuski, Miami, 1984; Bernardo Benes, Miami, 1987; Max Lesnick, Miami, 1984.16. Joshua Hochstein, "20 Years Agoin Jewish Havana," Havaner Lebn,January 4 and 18, 1935 (Yiddish); David Blis, "Memories of JewishLife in Havana," Havaner Lebn, November 22 and 29, 1935 (Yiddish);United Hebrew Congregation Temple Beth Israel, Golden Anniversary1906-1956 (Havana, 1956), pp. 4, 9-10.17. George Weinberger,"The Jews in Cuba," The American Hebrew,February 8, 1918; Boris Sapir, The Jewish Community of Cuba (NewYork, 1948), pp. 14-15.18. A. Misbir, "Cartas de Cuba", Israel, May 20, 1921; David Blis,"Memories," Havaner Lebn, May 29, 1936; Harry Viteles, "Report onthe Status of the Jewish Immigration in Cuba" (February 1925), pp. 13,21, 66-68 (typewritten).19. Moises Mitrani, "De la Habana," Israel (Buenos Aires, August 1926).20. Accordingto Abraham Berezniak, Administrator of today's Adath Israel Congregation, five Jewish cemeteries still exist in Cuba: in Camaguey, Santa Clara, Camajuani, Banes, and the El Cobre cemetery inSantiago de Cuba.This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.72.230 on Sun, 2 Dec 2012 04:14:50 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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