Deforestation, Coffee Cultivation, and Land Degradation ... - lumes

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Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................................21. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................31.1 Problem Definition .......................................................................................................................................31.2 Objectives and Scope....................................................................................................................................31.3 Study Limitations .........................................................................................................................................41.4 Methodology.................................................................................................................................................52. Theoretical Framework.......................................................................................................................................52.1 Achieving Sustainability...............................................................................................................................52.3 The Value of Forests and Biodiversity .........................................................................................................72.4 Agricultural and Rural Development............................................................................................................73. Background.........................................................................................................................................................73.1 The Mata Atlântica: A Globally Outstanding Biome ...................................................................................83.2 Conservation in the Mata Atlântica ............................................................................................................113.3 Agricultural History of Brazil.....................................................................................................................133.3.1 An Export Economy ............................................................................................................................143.4 The Study Area: Rosário da Limeira ..........................................................................................................153.4.1 Small-scale Coffee Farmers in Rosário da Limeira .............................................................................154. Problem Analysis: The Cycle of Deforestation, Coffee Cultivation, and Land Degradation ...........................164.1 Conceptual Model (CLD)...........................................................................................................................164.2 Deforestation ..............................................................................................................................................174.3 Soil Erosion ................................................................................................................................................184.4 Land Degradation .......................................................................................................................................194.5 The Future of Coffee ..................................................................................................................................204.5.1 Coffee on the World Market................................................................................................................214.5.2 Obstacles for Farmers ..........................................................................................................................225. Discussion and Results: Developing a Land Management Strategy.................................................................235.1 Options for Sustainable Land Management................................................................................................235.1.1 Improving Land Management Techniques ..........................................................................................245.1.2 Diversification of Production...............................................................................................................265.1.3 Forest Conservation.............................................................................................................................265.2 Participatory Rural Appraisal .....................................................................................................................265.3 Case Study: Iracambi—A Sustainable Approach to Forest Conservation, Rural Development, andCommunity Education......................................................................................................................................275.3.1 The Organization .................................................................................................................................275.3.2 Land Management Projects .................................................................................................................295.3.3 Working with the Mata Atlântica ........................................................................................................305.3.4 Extension and Education Program.......................................................................................................316. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................326.1 Suggested Areas for Further Research........................................................................................................337. References ........................................................................................................................................................348. Appendices .......................................................................................................................................................36Appendix 1: Declining Coffee Prices on the World Market.............................................................................36Appendix 2: Price Fluctuations of Coffee on the World Market ......................................................................37Appendix 3: Trends in Coffee Production Increases for Brazil........................................................................38Appendix 4: ICO Indicator Prices for Coffee Falling.......................................................................................391
AbstractThe Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil, known as the Mata Atlântica in Portuguese, is an area ofexceptional biodiversity, but is severely threatened, and has been reduced to only five percentof its original extent. The principle causes of its destruction have been its exploration fordevelopment and agriculture, especially coffee cultivation. Although the Brazilianenvironmental protection law gives special recognition to the Mata Atlântica, it has beenunable to prevent its continued deforestation.This study shows how these factors are related to land degradation in Rosário da Limeira, asmall municipality in the southeast of the state of Minas Gerais, typical of many othersthroughout the Mata Atlântica. Enforced legal protection of the forest has not been thesolution—instead measures are needed that address the problem of land degradation, not justthe symptoms of deforestation. This requires a systemic approach involving the ecological,economic, and social parameters for understanding the causes behind the problems, and thedevelopment of appropriate measures to combat these problems.Presented in the study is an analysis of the relationships at work behind the existing problemcycle of deforestation, coffee cultivation, and land degradation in the region. This analysisreveals that the Mata Atlântica is threatened with further destruction from the demands forproductive agricultural land, as small-scale coffee farmers are forced to maximize the use oftheir resources without the economic liberty to consider the limitations of the land. Continuedland degradation, in addition to instability on the world coffee market, is also a serious threatto the livelihood of the farmers.Based upon the problem analysis, a land management strategy is presented that strives toprotect the rainforest by addressing the economic and social needs of the small-scale farmer,in combination with ongoing forest conservation efforts and community education. Such astrategy involves land management techniques that prolong and improve the life of coffeeplantations, while seeking alternative markets for diversified production in the region.The results of the study focus on a case study of Iracambi, a small natural resourceorganization in Rosário da Limeira, which has taken the initiative to address the problems ofdeforestation, coffee cultivation, and land degradation. The organization is presented as anexample of a sustainable approach to forest conservation, rural development, and communityeducation. Their approach embraces the systematic participation of all levels of thecommunity to make the conservation of the Mata Atlântica more attractive than itsdestruction.Keywords: sustainable land management, deforestation, coffee cultivation, biodiversityconservation, Mata Atlântica, Iracambi2
Page 4 and 5: 1. Introduction1.1 Problem Definiti
Page 6 and 7: interviews have been included in th
Page 8 and 9: esources—the Mata Atlântica rain
Page 10 and 11: pockets of forest covering more tha
Page 12 and 13: conservation status of the Amazon i
Page 14 and 15: 3.3 Agricultural History of BrazilB
Page 16 and 17: underdevelopment in Brazil and the
Page 18 and 19: This conceptual model presents the
Page 20 and 21: Vegetative cover also works to ensu
Page 22 and 23: 4.5.1 Coffee on the World MarketCof
Page 24 and 25: this situation is that many farmers
Page 26 and 27: alternative in developing countries
Page 28 and 29: forest resources and to the necessa
Page 30 and 31: practices” but as a menu of techn
Page 32 and 33: Of course, before any landowner wil
Page 34 and 35: Already forest conservation laws go
Page 36 and 37: Redclift, Michael. Sustainable Deve
Page 38 and 39: Appendix 2: Price Fluctuations of C
Page 40: Appendix 4: ICO Indicator Prices fo

Deforestation, Coffee Cultivation, and Land Degradation ... - lumes

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