POWER SYSTEM STATE ESTIMATION - IIT Mandi

(Cont.,)• This represents the summation of the squares of themeasurement residuals weighted by their respectivemeasurement error covariance.• where, z is measurement vector.h(x) is measurement matrix.m is number of measurements.σ 2 is the variance of measurement.x is a vector of unknown variables to be estimated.• The problem defined is solved as an unconstrainedminimization problem.• Efficient solution of unconstrained minimization problemsrelies heavily on Newton‟s method.