UNIVERSITY OF PÃCS Changes in the Employment ... - PTE TTK FI

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economic processes makes possible to determine the tendencies in connection withemployment which brings about the possibilities to solve them.3. With the analysis of the state of the national economic sectors in the county theemployment possibilities can be discovered with which new workplaces can begenerated.4. It is possible to find the employment forms which can imporove the life quality of thepopulation in the level of county, small region and settlement.5. Entrepreneurs of Békés county are able to and are competent to judge the manpowerneeds and its quality in the economy. Thus, the empirical research can help todelineate the conditions to coordinate employers and employees. It is possible to getcloser the manpower demand and supply.6. Presentation of the regional and structural features of employment and unemploymentcan give information for professionals which can help determine the new developmentdirections, so the life quality of the population living in Békés county can improve.7. This study can help the local authorities and regional development professionalsdevelop a flexible local employment strategy.Questions to be answeredIn connection with the above mentioned aims there are several cardinal questions to beanswered. These are the following:1. What social-economic processes do the Hungarian specialized literature discover fromthe transformation of regime up today while analizing employment andunemployment?2. Where can Békés county be put in respect of the main economic and employmentindexes comparing to the other counties of the Southern Plain region?3. What regional features do the economically active population of the small regionshave?4. Which conditions can be expected to enlarge employment in the sectors of the nationaleconomy?5. Is the county be able to utilize its natural, economic and human resources potentials?6. Are there today regional or settlement „attempts” which could establish new andpermanent workplaces?7. Which are the features of the labour market of Békés county? What workers wouldemployers employ?8. How can sustainable development be obtained in Békés county?2. Research methodsThe research gives opportunity to apply more methods. These are the following:elaboration of literature and sources, source critiques, phenomenon description, analysiscomparism,questionnaires and interviews. As a quantitative method the analysis of thecounty and small region data from the Central Statistic Office (KSH), State EmploymentService (ÁFSZ) and Souther Plain Regional Employment Centre is presented. Thequestionnaire and the interview are built on the qualitiative methods.6
Quantitative methodsThe method which gives appropriate results for the statistics relies primarily on theregional, county and small regional data of KSH and ÁFSZ where demografic, employmentetc. data can be found. It makes possible to measure changes in employment with the socalled„hard”, reliable, dry facts which help give picture about the structural and static eventswhich then effect economic activity.Within the method the technique of systematic data collection and content analysis isapplied which can be classed as a non-intervening group. Its base is the informativepublications listed in the secondary sources.Qualitative methodsThe basis of the quantitative methods which help understanding are the questionnairefilled by the employers and the interview with them. They were carried out with a direct,primary method personally, via e-mail or by phone. The group of the interviewed belong tothe bigger employers in towns, while to small or middle entreprenuers in the smallersettlements. The questionnaires were filled by the responsible person, manager, owner orother person with employer’s rights. In each small region the subjects of the interviewbelonged to the higher authorities who had the right to state his views.I involved altogether 50 enterprises in the survey which employ altogether 3513employees. I collected the answers from 41 managers. The majority of organizations (31)employ less than fifty workers. Regarding their fields of activity agrarian venture is 12%, ofindustrial features is 40%, 25% work in trade and catering, while 23% of them practise in theservice sector.In the region of Békéscsaba the managers of the following ventures filled with thequestionnaire: agricultural producer, food processor, manufacturer of agricultural parts,vehicle trader, printing service provider and estate agencies. In the small region of Békés afurniture maker, a wood-working venture and a building company gave appreciable answers.In the region of Gyula the participants in the survey are: a food processor, beverage producer,a textile enterprise, a stocking manufacturer, fuel trader and a concrete-manufacturer.Enterprises of Mezıkovácsháza take up wholesale trade, agriculture, food-retail trade. InOrosháza the typical activities of the questioned are glass- making, production of metalmaterials, wholesale trade, food-processing, administrative service, building service. InSarkad and in its surroundings the enterprising fields are: retail trade, manufacturing ofwoodworking products, while in the region of Szarvas agriculture, food-processing,manufacturing of metal products, accomodation service. In Szeghalom the activities of theanalized ventures are retail trade and service of small machine repairing.Structural features of unemployment3. Summary of the resultsDistribution of the unemployed of Békés county according to their gender shows thehigher presence of men which was caused by the liquidation of the agricultural firms, forexample the State Farm of Békéscsaba (Békéscsabai Állami Gazdaság), the AGRÁR Rt ofSzarvas, Csabatáj MGTSZ, Béke TSZ of Békéscsaba. Some of the food-processing companieshave been liquidated in the towns, the Cannery and the Cold-storage Plant in Békéscsaba, thesugar-works in Mezıhegyes. The following factories have been closed down: the metal cutterin the county seat, the sugar-works in Sarkad, the feather processing and poultry firms of7
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