86D. Amato, L. Orwig, R. Boyle, I. S. Banks, K. Shirey, A. K. Tolbert, D. Zarro, F. Snow,K. Thomsen, R. Henneck, A. McHedlishvili, P. M<strong>in</strong>g, M. Fivian, J. Jordan, R. Wanner,J. Crubb, J. Preble, M. Matranga, A. Benz, H. Hudson, R. C. Canfield, G. D. Holman,C. Crannell, T. Kosugi, A. G. Emslie, N. Vilmer, J. C. Brown, C. Johns-Krull, M. Aschwanden,T. Metcalf, and A. Conway, <strong>The</strong> Reuven Ramaty High-Energy <strong>Solar</strong> SpectroscopicImager (RHESSI), Sol. Phys., 210, 3–32, 2002.Longcope, D. W., <strong>Topology</strong> and Current Ribbons: A Model for Current, <strong>Reconnection</strong> andFlar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a Complex, Evolv<strong>in</strong>g Corona, Sol. Phys., 169, 91–121, 1996.Longcope, D. W., Separator current sheets: generic features <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imum-energy magneticfields subject to flux constra<strong>in</strong>ts, Phys. Plasmas, 8, 5277, 2001.Longcope, D. W., Topological Methods for the Analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Magnetic</strong> Fields, Liv<strong>in</strong>gReviews <strong>in</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> Physics, 2, 7–+, 2005.Longcope, D. W., and C. Beveridge, A Quantitative, Topological Model <strong>of</strong> <strong>Reconnection</strong>and Flux Rope Formation <strong>in</strong> a Two-Ribbon Flare, ApJ, <strong>in</strong>-press, 2007.Longcope, D. W., and I. Klapper, A General <strong>The</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> Connectivity and Current Sheets <strong>in</strong>Coronal <strong>Magnetic</strong> Fields Anchored to Discrete Sources, ApJ, 579, 468–481, 2002.Longcope, D. W., D. E. McKenzie, J. Cirta<strong>in</strong>, and J. Scott, Observations <strong>of</strong> Separator<strong>Reconnection</strong> to an Emerg<strong>in</strong>g Active Region, ApJ, 630, 596–614, 2005.Longcope, D. W., C. Beveridge, J. Qiu, B. Rav<strong>in</strong>dra, G. Barnes, and S. Dasso, Model<strong>in</strong>gand Measur<strong>in</strong>g the Flux Reconnected and Ejected by the Two-ribbon Flare on 7 November2004, Sol. Phys., <strong>in</strong>-press, 2007.Mandr<strong>in</strong>i, C. H., P. Demoul<strong>in</strong>, J. C. Henoux, and M. E. Machado, Evidence for the <strong>in</strong>teraction<strong>of</strong> large scale magnetic structures <strong>in</strong> solar flares, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 250,541–547, 1991.Metcalf, T. R., D. Alexander, H. S. Hudson, and D. W. Longcope, TRACE and YohkohObservations <strong>of</strong> a White-Light Flare, ApJ, 595, 483–492, 2003.Moon, Y.-J., H. S. Yun, G. Choi, Y. D. Park, and D. L. Mickey, Nonpotential Parameters<strong>of</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> Active Region AR 5747, Journal <strong>of</strong> Korean Astronomical Society, 33, 47–55,2000.Neupert, W. M., Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> X-Ray L<strong>in</strong>e Emission with Microwave Emissiondur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Flares</strong>, ApJ Letters, 153, L59+, 1968.Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterl<strong>in</strong>g, and B. P. Flannery, Numerical recipes <strong>in</strong>C. <strong>The</strong> art <strong>of</strong> scientific comput<strong>in</strong>g, Cambridge: University Press, |c1992, 2nd ed., 1992.
87Priest, E., and T. Forbes, <strong>Magnetic</strong> <strong>Reconnection</strong>, <strong>Magnetic</strong> <strong>Reconnection</strong>, by Eric Priestand Terry Forbes, pp. 612. ISBN 0521481791. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UniversityPress, June 2000., 2000.Puetter, R. C., Pixon-based multiresolution image reconstruction and the quantification <strong>of</strong>picture <strong>in</strong>formation content, International Journal <strong>of</strong> Imag<strong>in</strong>g Systems and Technology,6, 314–331, 1995.Qiu, J., J. Lee, D. E. Gary, and H. Wang, Motion <strong>of</strong> Flare Footpo<strong>in</strong>t Emission and InferredElectric Field <strong>in</strong> Reconnect<strong>in</strong>g Current Sheets, ApJ, 565, 1335–1347, 2002.Sakao, T., T. Kosugi, and S. Masuda, Energy Release and Particle Acceleration <strong>in</strong> <strong>Solar</strong><strong>Flares</strong> with Respect to Flar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Magnetic</strong> Loops, <strong>in</strong> ASSL Vol. 229: Observational PlasmaAstrophysics : Five Years <strong>of</strong> YOHKOH and Beyond, edited by T. Watanabe and T. Kosugi,pp. 273–+, 1998.Scherrer, P. H., R. S. Bogart, R. I. Bush, J. T. Hoeksema, A. G. Kosovichev, J. Schou,W. Rosenberg, L. Spr<strong>in</strong>ger, T. D. Tarbell, A. Title, C. J. Wolfson, I. Zayer, and MDIEng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Team, <strong>The</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> Oscillations Investigation - Michelson Doppler Imager,Sol. Phys., 162, 129–188, 1995.Somov, B. V., T. Kosugi, and T. Sakao, Collisionless Three-dimensional <strong>Reconnection</strong> <strong>in</strong>Impulsive <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Flares</strong>, ApJ, 497, 943–+, 1998.Sturrock, P. A., A Model <strong>of</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Flares</strong>, <strong>in</strong> IAU Symp. 35: Structure and Development <strong>of</strong><strong>Solar</strong> Active Regions, edited by K. O. Kiepenheuer, pp. 471–+, 1968.Temmer, M., A. M. Veronig, B. Vršnak, and C. Miklenic, Energy Release Rates along HαFlare Ribbons and the Location <strong>of</strong> Hard X-Ray Sources, ApJ, 654, 665–674, 2007.Tian, L., J. Wang, and D. Wu, Non-Potentiality <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Magnetic</strong> Field Beneath the EruptiveFilament <strong>in</strong> the Bastille Event, Sol. Phys., 209, 375–389, 2002.Titov, V. S., E. R. Priest, and P. Demoul<strong>in</strong>, Conditions for the appearance <strong>of</strong> ”bald patches”at the solar surface, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 276, 564–+, 1993.Titov, V. S., G. Hornig, and P. Démoul<strong>in</strong>, <strong>The</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> magnetic connectivity <strong>in</strong> the solarcorona, Journal <strong>of</strong> Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 107, 3–1, 2002.Titov, V. S., K. Galsgaard, and T. Neukirch, <strong>Magnetic</strong> P<strong>in</strong>ch<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Hyperbolic Flux Tubes.I. Basic Estimations, ApJ, 582, 1172–1189, 2003.Wang, H., Y. Yan, T. Sakurai, and M. Zhang, <strong>Topology</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Magnetic</strong> Field and CoronalHeat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> Active Regions - II. <strong>The</strong> Role <strong>of</strong> Quasi-Separatrix Layers, Sol. Phys.,197, 263–273, 2000.
- Page 1 and 2:
THE TOPOLOGY OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTI
- Page 3 and 4:
iiAPPROVALof a dissertation submitt
- Page 5:
ivTo Liebe -I’m the lucky one
- Page 8 and 9:
viiLIST OF TABLESTablePage2.1 Flare
- Page 10 and 11:
ix2.3 Left hand panels are GOES lig
- Page 12 and 13:
xiABSTRACTIn order to better unders
- Page 14:
2The release of this large amount o
- Page 17 and 18:
5100.000RHESSI Count Flux vs Energy
- Page 19 and 20:
7excitation in the chromosphere.The
- Page 21 and 22:
9one day before the two large X-cla
- Page 23 and 24:
11of well-defined features like sun
- Page 25 and 26:
13introduced (i.e. Titov et al., 20
- Page 27 and 28:
15CHAPTER 2RECONNECTION IN THREE DI
- Page 29 and 30:
17spine lines.In this Chapter, for
- Page 31 and 32:
19Table 2.1: Flare properties. AR i
- Page 33 and 34:
21-300A) TRACE 195, RHESSI 50-100 k
- Page 35 and 36:
23Figure 2.3: Left hand panels are
- Page 37 and 38:
25the same time. With a 20 s imagin
- Page 39 and 40:
27sheared or twisted flux tubes, wh
- Page 41 and 42:
29Figure 2.4: Top: photospheric foo
- Page 43 and 44:
31track 2 to 3 and from track 3 to
- Page 45 and 46:
33error. If we had simply fit the f
- Page 47 and 48: 3512 23 31Figure 2.6: Upper panel:
- Page 49 and 50: 37In case 1, we suppose that the do
- Page 51 and 52: 39null which shifts during the flar
- Page 53 and 54: 41tiation and evolution. Further wo
- Page 55 and 56: 43photospheric and coronal magnetic
- Page 57 and 58: 45Here, B z (x,y) is the value of t
- Page 59 and 60: 47been determined, several other to
- Page 61 and 62: 49Figure 3.1: Simulated magnetogram
- Page 63 and 64: 51Figure 3.3: Same as Figure 3.1, b
- Page 65 and 66: 53MDI 6 Apr 2004, 12:51 UT-120-140-
- Page 67 and 68: 55of new field and horizontal flows
- Page 69 and 70: 57arators (Henoux and Somov, 1987).
- Page 71 and 72: 59the line-tied nature of the photo
- Page 73 and 74: 61a snapshot in time (Démoulin, 20
- Page 75 and 76: 63Figure 4.1: GOES and RHESSI light
- Page 77 and 78: 65order to take advantage of the av
- Page 79 and 80: 67field lines or sheared or twisted
- Page 81 and 82: 69Flare A, MDI 01:39 UT400438350256
- Page 83 and 84: 71flux discrepancy∆Φ r = −∆t
- Page 85 and 86: 73Flare A, RHESSI 30-100 keV4004383
- Page 87 and 88: 75(in the form of heating and parti
- Page 89 and 90: 77CHAPTER 5DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIO
- Page 91 and 92: 79separator (nulls) are along spine
- Page 93 and 94: 81emission is concentrated in compa
- Page 95 and 96: 83REFERENCESAulanier, G., P. Démou
- Page 97: 85Meyer, S. J. Morrison, M. D. Morr