CLIMATE CHANGE OVER NEPAL (1976 - 2005) - Practical Action

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isolated pocket areas observed high increasing rainfall trend in winter. Sankhuwasabha, Taplejungand Achham Districts represented the highest increasing trend in comparison to other places.The extreme rainfall distribution is quite different from the annual or seasonal distribution ofprecipitation. Siwalik and the tarai belt received the highest 24 hour rainfall, which generally getless total seasonal rainfall. The inter annual variations of precipitation are very large which makessome years too wet and some years too dry resulting in no signicant trend of precipitation over theyears.A general increasing trend in temperature has been found over Nepal. The maximum temperaturewas found to be increasing at a greater rate (0.05° C/year) than the minimum temperature(0.03° C /year). A decreasing trend was found in maximum temperature in tarai region duringwinter season. Mean annual maximum temperature in tarai belt reached above 30° C whichgradually decreased towards North. In Siwalik range, the mean maximum temperature variedbetween 26° to 30° C. The mean maximum temperature ranged between 22° to 26° C in the middlehills regions and reached below 22° C in the high hills and the Himalayas or the mountains.The spatial pattern of mean maximum annual temperature is in increasing trend almost in theentire country except in a few isolated places such as Sankhuwasabha, Sunsari, Nawalparasi, Bankeand Bardia Districts. Annual maximum temperature trend was observed to be lower in the southernparts (high altitude) and higher in the northern parts of the country (The area in and aroundDhankuta, Dadeldhura and Okhaldhunga Districts have higher increasing trend in annualmaximum temperature.The mean minimum temperature varied between above 18° C in the tarai to less than 6° C in thenorth western parts of the country. The annual mean minimum temperature is in decreasing trendin northern parts and large portion of mid western and far western development regions: whilemost of the southern parts of the country observed an increasing trend. Doti, Sankhuwasabha andnorthern parts of Nuwakot Districts represented decreasing trend in annual minimum temperaturewhereas increasing trend was observed in areas around Lamjung, southern parts of Nuwakot,Chitwan and Dhanusa Districts.The spatial variation of the annual mean temperature is in increasing trend almost in the entirecountry except few isolated places in Sankhuwasabha, Doti and northern parts of Nuwakot districts.Dhankuta and Lamjung Districts observed the largest increasing annual mean temperature trend.Maximum temperature is in increasing trend in large magnitude than the minimum temperature inmost of the places and almost all the seasons. The rate of temperature increase has been observedhigh in northern parts of the country than in the southern parts. Most of the stations depictedincreasing trend in temperature in post monsoon and only few stations observed decreasing trendscompared to rest of the seasons. All seasons observed a general decreasing trend in minimumtemperature in the northern mountainous regions and increasing trend in the southern hilly andplain regions of the country. Some pocket areas showed high increasing or decreasing trends oftemperature compared to other regions.
AcronymsAOGCMCBSDHMGCMGISGHGGoNMoPEIPCCITCZOECDSOHAM-NepalSRESUNFCCCmaslAR4Atmosphere Ocean Coupled General Circulation ModelCentral Bureau of StatisticsDepartment of Hydrology and MeteorologyGeneral Circulation ModelGeographical Information SystemGreenhouse GasesGovernment of NepalMinistry of Population and EnvironmentIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeInter Tropical Convergence ZoneOrganization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentSociety of Hydrologists and Meteorologist-NepalSpecial Report on Emission ScenarioUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changemeter above sea levelFourth Assessment Report of the IPCC
Page 1 and 2: TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF
Page 3: PrefaceThere is no doubt that, clim
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS1234GENERAL INFORM
Page 10 and 11: 1GENERALINFORMATION1.1. Introductio
Page 12 and 13: 1GENERALINFORMATIONThe obtained dat
Page 14 and 15: 2DESCRIPTION OFTHE STUDY AREA2.1. T
Page 16 and 17: 2DESCRIPTION OFTHE STUDY AREAaltitu
Page 18 and 19: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONS3.1. Rainfal
Page 20 and 21: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONSThe rainfall
Page 22 and 23: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONS3.1.6. Extre
Page 24 and 25: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONS3.2.3. Monso
Page 26 and 27: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONSFigure 3.13:
Page 28 and 29: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONS3.3. Tempera
Page 30 and 31: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONS3.4. Tempera
Page 32 and 33: 3RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONSTable 3.2: D
Page 41 and 42: CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS44.1.
Page 43 and 44: 4CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONSThe
Page 45 and 46: REFERENCESCBS, (2004). Statistical
Page 47 and 48: ANNEX 1 Precipitation Summary (cont
Page 53 and 54: ANNEX 2 Precipitation Trend (contd.
Page 55 and 56: ANNEX 2 Precipitation Trend (contd.
Page 57 and 58:
ANNEX 2 Precipitation Trend (contd.
Page 59 and 60:
ANNEX 3 Precipitation Extreme (cont
Page 61 and 62:
ANNEX 3 Precipitation Extreme (cont
Page 63 and 64:
ANNEX 4 Extreme Rainfall Return Per
Page 65 and 66:
ANNEX 4 Extreme Rainfall Return Per
Page 67 and 68:
ANNEX 5 Maximum TemperatureS. No. I
Page 69 and 70:
ANNEX 6 Minimum TemperatureS. No. I
Page 71 and 72:
ANNEX 7 Mean TemperatureS. No. Inde
Page 73 and 74:
ANNEX 8 Maximum Temperature TrendS.
Page 75 and 76:
ANNEX 10 Mean Temperature TrendS. N
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