RSRL Integrated Waste Strategy - Issue 5- Oct 2012.pdf

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NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKEDLegal interpretation of the requirements for certain wastes with potential for dual control underradioactive and non-radioactive waste legislation may be required. For instance; whether LA-LLW or HV-VLLW authorised for disposal is also managed the same way under the WasteManagement Licensing or Landfill Regulations (that it would come under were it not for itsradioactive properties) and the classification and transfer of hazardous, non-hazardous or inertwaste that is regulated under exemption orders to the EPR2010.RSRL IWS (Issue 5 – October 2012)116
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKEDANNEX 4: GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMSGlossaryALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable)To satisfy the ALARA Principle, radiological doses and risks are kept as low as reasonablypracticable, taking a proportionate approach, whereby priority is given to reducing dischargeswhich have greatest radiological significance or which present most risk of damaging the marineenvironment, whilst ensuring that the costs of such reductions are not grossly disproportionateto their benefits in line with current Government guidance on better regulation.ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)To satisfy the ALARP Principle, measures necessary to reduce risk are undertaken until orunless the cost of these measures, whether in money, time or trouble, is disproportionate to thereduction in risk.Best Available Technique (BAT)The term "best available techniques" means the latest stage of development (state of the art) ofprocesses, of facilities or of methods of operation which indicate the practical suitability of aparticular measure for limiting discharges, emissions and waste."Techniques" include both the technology used and the way in which the installation isdesigned, built, maintained, operated and dismantled.Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO)The waste management option that is the outcome of a systematic and consultative decisionmakingprocedure that emphasises the protection and conservation of the environment acrossland, air and water. The BPEO procedure establishes, for a given set of objectives, the optionthat provides the most benefit or least damage to the environment as a whole, at acceptablecost, in the long term as well as in the short term.Best Practicable Means (BPM)BPM is a term used by historically by EA in authorisations issued under the RadioactiveSubstances Act (RSA93). Essentially, it requires operators to take all reasonably practicablemeasures in the design and operational management of their facilities to minimise dischargesand disposals of radioactive waste, so as to achieve a high standard of protection for the publicand the environment. BPM is applied to such aspects as minimising waste creation, abatingdischarges and monitoring plant, discharges and the environment. It takes account of suchfactors as the availability and cost of relevant measures, operator safety and the benefits ofreduced discharges and disposals. If the operator is using BPM, radiation risks to the publicand the environment will be ALARA.CharacterisationCharacterisation of radioactive materials involves analysing the materials in terms of theirphysical and chemical form, radioactive content, origin, present state, current storage conditionsand other relevant information and properties. This radiological characterisation may involveobtaining data from several sources:• Reviewing existing information. Such as historical facility usage records and radiologicalsurvey data• Calculations using codes for activation, nuclear fuel burn-up, and radioactive decay• In situ measurements e.g. taking swabs and measuring using a dose rate counter• Sampling and analysis – accurate characterisation requires representative sampling ofmaterials (for example non-homogeneous samples (e.g. concrete) require carefulsampling and homogenisation to ensure that representative samples are taken forRSRL IWS (Issue 5 – October 2012)117
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NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKEDContents1 EX
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NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED2.1 Backgrou
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NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED3 WASTE MANA
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NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKEDInteractions
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NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED4.5.3 Intera
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NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED5 OVERVIEW O
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Page 104 and 105: NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED9 CONCLUSION
Page 106 and 107: NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKEDANNEX LISTAn
Page 108 and 109: NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKEDANNEX 2: AUT
Page 110 and 111: NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKEDANNEX 3: REG
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