2nd Six Weeks Newsletter - Region 13

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$Grade 8 Math STAAR and STAAR-M Fall 2012 by Objective$

2010-2011 Second Six Weeks PreviewScienceIons and oxidation numbers are picked up in this unit to lead the students into the idea of ionic bonds. Electronegativity,which was introduced in Unit 3, is a focus of this unit for the purpose of predicting types of bonds.Unit 5: Chemical Formulas. This unit bundles student expectations that take the chemical bonds studied in the last unitto the next level. In this unit, the students will learn to “speak and write chemistry” by learning how to represent compoundswith symbols and names. The ability to write and state the name of chemical compounds, both ionic and molecular,will be very important to the students’ success in the next few units.Environmental SystemsUnit 2: Energy Flow Through Earth’s Systems. This unit bundles student expectations addressing: climate andweather; climate change and the greenhouse effect; the geosphere and geo-chemical cycles;hydrosphere; atmosphere, biosphere, and characteristics of biomes; renewable and non renewable energy sources. Thisunit builds on the previous unit’s review of the Earth’s systems and expands the discussion of human impact on thesources and flow of energy.PhysicsUnit 4: Newton’s Laws of Motion. This unit addresses motion as it is described by Newton’s Laws. It is customary tobegin the study of motion without a detailed knowledge of what causes the motion. That area of study is called kinematics.Once we are able to describe motion, the next logical step is to study the cause of the motion. Newton's ThreeLaws of Motion, knowledge of forces, and the knowledge of the inertial properties of matter provide powerful tools forthis analysis. The application of these three ‘simple’ sounding laws often proves to be more complex than expected. Thisis due in part because many persons have developed their own laws of motion, and those misconceptions are difficult toremove. Student analysis is further complicated by the vector nature of forces. A systematic approach using free bodyvector diagrams of external forces is necessary to apply these laws to real situations while stressing that Newton's lawsare valid only in inertial frames of reference and technically only apply to point masses.Unit 5: Universal Gravitation, Speed of Light, and Special Relativity. Newton's three laws of motion and the UniversalLaw of Gravitation are landmark theories in classical physics. The Universal Law of Gravitation describes the weakestof the fundamental forces in nature, yet it is the force that holds the Universe together. The success of this law in describingthe motion of planets and stars provides evidence that the laws of nature on the Earth are universal, describingsimilar events throughout the Universe. The student will learn that near the Earth's surface, Newton’s gravitational law describesthe gravitational attraction (weight) of objects to the Earth, but it also describes the gravity that is the force keepingsatellites, moons, planets, and galaxies from flying apart. The historical development of ideas about gravity will beginwith Newton’s falling apple and end with Einstein’s general theory of relativity where gravity bends light and slows thepassing of time. The study of gravity is both very classical and very modern.The description of an object’s motion is always expressed relative to some frame of reference (relative motion). Atspeeds slow compared to the speed of light the measurements from different observers seem reasonable. At speedsapproaching the speed of light, measurements made in two inertial frames of reference moving relative to each othermay no longer agree on time intervals, distances measured, mass, or even the order of two events. Historically this ledto the search for an absolutely stationary frame of reference from which measurements would be made. The experimentalfact is that there is no preferred (stationary) frame of reference and that the only agreed upon measurements(between reference frames) is the speed of light. This area of study is special relativity. Special relativity is an interestingand important area of study within modern physics. The seemingly weird conclusions are real and have been verified.22
2010—2011 Second Six Weeks PreviewSocial StudiesKindergartenUnit 3: Family as Community. In this unit students focus on families as communities. They will investigate the customsand traditions of families to see how customs and traditions help define the culture of the families, meet individual needs,and create a bond based on common experience and shared values. To accomplish this, students compare traditionsand customs. The time concepts of past and present are introduced when students look at how families meet needs inthe present and compare them to ways families met needs in the past.Unit 4: Other Communities: Neighborhood. In this unit students focus on their town (or neighborhood community in anurban area). They identify the physical characteristics of their community and the relative location of those places in thecommunity. They learn about the rules of the community and the authority figures that enforce the rules.A community is a place where people live, work and play. Every community has physical and human characteristics ofplace. This unit examines the physical characteristics of place, helping students understand the physical environment ofthe community. Communities also have rules and authority figures to make and enforce those rules. A third element ofcommunities includes the customs and celebrations of the community that, like traditions and customs in a family, unite acommunity.1 st GradeUnit 3: Interacting with Others: Family. This unit looks at how people interact within a family unit as part of a community.Family members work together to meet basic needs, contributing to the family’s common good by furnishing goodsand services (including chores and jobs well done) for the family.The needs for each family (food, clothing, shelter, belonging and affection, order, safety and security, and conflict management)are met in different ways in different families. Family customs and traditions, including the telling of family andcultural stories, help families meet one basic need, the need to belong, by reinforcing what is important to the family/culture and the sense of common heritage and belonging.Unit 4: Interacting with Others: Community. In earlier units students learned how people interact at home and atschool. In this unit students learn about how people interact in the community. People live, work, and play in their communities,and people contribute to their communities. The lessons look at different ways people in the community interactwith each other and the community.In the lessons in this unit student will:Locate their community, the state, and nation and understand that the state is part of the country and the communityis part of the state.Look at authority figures in the community (after having studied authority figures in the home and school in earlierunits).Learn about leaders in the community, state and nation, comparing their positions and discussing roles of public officials.In this lesson students also apply geography skills they have learned so far this year.Look at Clara Barton, a good citizen from the past, and at local people (including modern-day people and themselves)who interact with their communities by contributing and taking responsibility for the common good.Look at symbols – symbols that represent our nation and state also represent our ideals our beliefs (freedom, rulesand laws, responsibility for the common good).These shared ideals create a bond in the community.2 nd GradeUnit 3: Physical Characteristics of Our Community. Students look at various levels of communities from their localcommunity to the world community in which they live. They investigate and identify major landforms within the worldcommunity and compare different communities to determine how the physical characteristics of a place affect the peopleliving in that community. Students will also expand their investigation of the landmarks in the local community and createa map depicting several of those landmarks.23
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2nd Six Weeks Newsletter - Region 13

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