List of Speakers SYMPOSIUM: Light Metals for Transportation

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportation3D Meso-scale Modelling of Aluminum-alloy Welding Processes for Prediction of Hot Crack FormationID: 71346Type: ContributedSpeaker: Hamid Reza Zareie Rajani, University of British Columbia, CanadaAuthor(s): H. Zareie Rajani, A. PhillionMeso-scale modeling through the granular models is a key new tool for predicting solidification-related defects. In thepresent study, a granular model of solidification has been developed to simulate the weldingprocess as a first steptowards predicting solidification cracking. Although the translation of the granular modeling methodology from anequiaxed-globular microstructure to the welding microstructure introduces new challenges, this study shows thesuccessful application of this model in welding. By means of the developed 3-D meso-scale model, the susceptibility ofthe weld to hot crack could be discussed. The permeability of liquid channels at the last stages of solidification has beenstudied as a susceptibility criterion. Moreover, the effect of different welding parameters, cooling rate and the size ofgrains on this criterion hasbeen investigated to find out how welding parameters can change the risk of hot cracking inwelding of aluminum alloys.Alpha Case Thickness: A Comparative Study of Evaluation Techniques and the Relation Between ThemID: 72516Type: ContributedSpeaker: Alexandre Bois-Brochu, Centre de Métallurgie du Québec, CanadaAuthor(s): A. Bois-Brochu, M. C. Parr, G. Morin, J. Carignan, G. MarinThe presence of an alpha case on titanium parts produced by investment casting is problematic and has to be eliminated.The evaluation of the thickness to be removed can be done using different techniques such as metallographicmeasurements, micro-hardness profiles and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy linescans. Those three techniquesmeasure different characteristics of the alpha case. However, a part analyzed with one technique will not give the samealpha case thickness evaluation as another method of evaluation. The first goal of this study was to evaluate how thethree methods are related locally, by using micro-hardness profiles and comparing them with EDS linescanmeasurements and metallographic evaluations at specific locations. The second purpose was to quantify the correlationbetween the methods by using a statistical practice. For this analysis, the mean values of twenty metallographicmeasurements, three micro-hardness and multiple EDS linescans were used.Analysis of Topic Distributions in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly (CMQ) 1961-2010ID: 71518Type: StudentPosterSpeaker: Nicholas Kilingi, Concordia University, CanadaAuthor(s): N. Kilingi, H. McQueenTo develop an insight into Metallurgical Society CIM activities during the past half century, an analysis was undertaken ofsubjects published in the CMQ. The subjects were classified into some 40 different topics and presented in tables at 5year intervals. The significant groups started from properties with divisions for microstructural, physical, thermo dynamicand mechanical; the last has more details for hot workability, such as Al alloys, C/HSLA and tool steels, stainless steels,Cu and Ni alloys, and hexagonal metals. Secondary processing includes hot working, cold working / annealing, casting,welding, and heat treatment. Extractive metallurgy includes steel making, smelting / non-ferrous, hydro-metallurgy andmineral dressing / flotation. There are headings also for environment, energy and history as well as ceramics, polymersand semi-conductors. The techniques employed and the approximations to achieve this analysis are described.Page 1 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationCanadian Metallurgical Quarterly (CMQ):Topic Distributions In The First 50 Years 1961-2011ID: 71190Type: ContributedSpeaker: Hugh McQueen, Concordia University, CanadaAuthor(s): H. McQueen, N. KilingiFor insight into Metallurgical Society CIM activities during the past half century, the subjects published in the CMQ wereclassified into 40 topics as presented in tables at 5 year intervals; graphs compare the relative changes over the years.Hot workability of Al alloys is charted in comparison to Mg alloys and steels. The significant groups started from propertieswith divisions for microstructural, physical, thermo dynamic and mechanical; the last has more details for hot workability(author’s specialty): Al alloys, C/HSLA, tool, stainless steels, Cu and Ni alloys, and hexagonal metals. Secondaryprocessing includes hot working, cold working / annealing, casting, welding, and heat treatment. Extractive metallurgyincludes steel making, smelting / non-ferrous, hydro-metallurgy and mineral dressing / flotation. There are headings alsofor environment, energy and history as well as ceramics, polymers and semi-conductors. For hot working, there is somediscussion of Met. Soc. Proceedings, especially Light Metals volumesCharacterisation of the Creep Behaviour of the Cathode Steel Bar Connector at High Temperatures and LowStress LevelsID: 72366Type: ContributedSpeaker: Femi Fakoya, REGAL, Universite Laval, CanadaAuthor(s): F. Fakoya, D. Picard, H. Alamdari, M. FafardMechanical properties of carbon steel at high temperatures, low stress levels are important and their performance inapplications such as aluminium production cell, power plants and nuclear reactor plants are still not well understood.Hence, an experimental program was carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of carbon steel in thisaggressive environment. The mechanical properties of carbon steel in austenite temperature region and particularly lowstress levels have been investigated in relation to its creep behaviour in compression with an eye towardscharacterisation. The mechanical properties were obtained under a steady state compression test at ambient and hightemperatures up to 950oC. The time dependent mechanical properties were also obtained usingcompression creep tests at constant low stresses (0.5 – 1 MPa) and constant high temperatures (800–950oC). A stress required to activate creep at high temperature was identified and minimum temperaturerequired for activating creep deformation was also determined.Characterization of Fir-Tree Zones in AA1050 DC Cast IngotID: 71822Type: ContributedSpeaker: Zhan Zhang, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, CanadaAuthor(s): Z. Zhang, G. Li, X. ChenFir-tree zones, caused by transition of various Fe-bearing intermetallics in cast microstructure, are one of mostencountered defects in aluminum direct chill (DC) cast ingots, which could result in serious surface problems for highquality surface appearance products. However, the formation mechanism of fir-tree zones has not been well understoodbecause of great challenges on identification and quantification of the Fe-bearing intermetallics. Using combination ofelectron backscattered diffraction, energy dispersive spectrum and image analysis techniques, the transition of Fe-bearingintermetallics throughout the fir-tree zones of AA1050 DC ingot were quantitatively investigated. It was found that severalintermetallics such as AlmFe, a-AlFeSi, Al6Fe, Al3Fe and Ni-containing (AlFeNi) phases co-existed in the zones. Typicalintermetallics morphology in the zones was revealed using deep-etching technique. The volume fraction and distributionPage 2 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportationof Fe-bearing intermetallics over the fir-tree zones were quantified. The mechanism and causes of the fir-tree zones inDC cast ingot were discussed.Cold Sprayed Stainless Steel Coatings for Wear and Thermal Protection of AluminumID: 71281Type: ContributedSpeaker: Dominique Poirier, National Research Council of Canada, CanadaAuthor(s): D. Poirier, E. Irissou, D. Gallant, J. Jiang, J. LegouxReplacing steel by aluminum in vehicles components can reduce their weight by almost half, resulting in remarkable fuelsavings and gas emission reductions. Because aluminum exhibits poor wear and lower temperature resistance comparedto the current iron parts, there is a rising interest in shielding aluminum parts with protective coatings to alleviate thoseissues. Cold spray (CS) is a process in which non-molten powder particles are propelled by a supersonic gas jet andsprayed onto a substrate where they plastically deform to generate a coating. In this study, stainless steel coatings ofvarying compositions were deposited by CS on aluminum substrates using powders displaying different morphologies.Coatings were characterized by SEM and their wear, corrosion and thermal cycling resistances were evaluated. It wasfound that adherent and dense stainless steel coatings display better wear resistance than bulk stainless steel, along witha high resistance to the development of blistering corrosion.Continuous Casting and Product Characterization of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloys Strips Produced via Horizontal SingleBelt Casting (HSBC)ID: 73242Type: ContributedSpeaker: Mert Celikin, McGill University, CanadaAuthor(s): M. Celikin, S. Ge, D. Sediako, M. Isac, R. GuthrieThe combined additions of Scandium (Sc) and Zirconium (Zr) to Al-Mg binary alloys have proven to be effective inproviding strength, enhanced elevated temperature resistance and improved workability at room temperature. Theseimprovements have lead quaternary Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys to be important candidates for aerospace applications, for airframes and stiffened panels. The main processing route for these alloys involves direct chill (DC) casting, followed bythermo-mechanical treatment (homogenization, hot and cold rolling). In the present work, strips of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloyswere produced via Horizontal Single Belt Strip Casting (HSBC) technology, and were subsequently characterized usingOptical microscopy, SEM-EDS and EBSD, 3D Profilometry. Additionally, mechanical properties such as hardness, andtensile testing were performed. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on the formation of Al3(Scx,Zr1-x) phase during alloyprocessing and solidification were carried out, using High Temperature Laser Confocal Microscopy, and in-situ neutrondiffraction.Deep Drawing of Aluminum; J.W. Lengdridge (Alcan 1948-49, The Tool Engineer)ID: 71205Type: ContributedSpeaker: Hugh McQueen, Concordia University, CanadaAuthor(s): H. McQueenThe drawing of cups along with related blanking and piercing were clearly described and illustrated in a 14-article series inthe Tool Engineer, 1948-49. The elegant, explanatory diagrams need to be exhibited in commemoration of J.W.Lengdridge. In deep drawing a circular cup from a flat sheet, a narrow rectangle of the sidewall is produced from atriangular segment of the original blank (excepting the bottom) that has been compressed circumferentially whilelengthening and thickening more near the top. The control of the wrinkle-preventing die-face hold-down pressures andPage 3 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportationpunch-die clearances, lubrication, blank dimensions and shapes for both circular pots and rectangular boxes areillustrated. The pioneering multiple draws for very deep cylinders combined with sidewall ironing has made possiblebeverage cans. The problem of earring in anisotropic sheet and the development of hot rolling schedules for isotropic stripis explained. History is traced to iron frying pans and armor.Design of Precipitation Strengthened Al-Sc-Zr-X Alloys Characterized by High-Temperature HardnessID: 73370Type: StudentSpeaker: Matthew Wong, Michigan Technological University, USAAuthor(s): M. Wong, P. SandersPrecipitation hardening for high-temperature applications can be achieved through the addition of small amounts ofscandium and zirconium to nearly-pure aluminum. Designed “mixture” experiments using thermodynamic databases wereutilized to optimize precipitation hardening in Al-Sc-Zr alloy systems through the additions of a fourth alloying element.The strategy was to increase the age hardening response by optimizing the solvus line bordering the single-phase alphaaluminumregion. Samples prepared by arc-melting and isochronal aging were characterized by high-temperaturehardness to quantify precipitation strengthening. Exploration of new low-alloy aluminum systems may introduce improvedhigh-temperature properties and lead to improvements in thermodynamic databases related to Al-Sc-Zr-X alloy systems.Development of Steel/Mg Alloy Multilayered Composite by Reactive Transient Liquid Phase Bonding MethodID: 72573Type: ContributedSpeaker: Shoichi Nambu, The University of Tokyo, JapanAuthor(s): S. Nambu, N. Kyokuta, M. Ojima, J. Inoue, T. KosekiA multilayered composite consisting of ductile steel and Mg alloy was developed in order to achieve novel structuralmaterials having higher specific strength and ductility combination. To produce the composite, the authors developed anew bonding method called reactive transient liquid phase (r-TLP) bonding method, which uses an eutectic melt of Mg-Agfor TLP process and enables to produce a very thin and uniform intermetallic compound layer at interface between steeland Mg alloy through the melt. High bonding strength above the yield strength of Mg alloy was obtained by the r-TLPbonding method. Furthermore, multilayered composite of AISI304 stainless steel and AZ31 Mg alloy was fabricated usingthe r-TLP bonding, and was found to have improved specific strength and ductility combination above 4000 kNm%/kg.Different Effects of Neodymium and Strontium on the High Temperature Oxidation and Ignition Resistance ofPure MagnesiumID: 72661Type: ContributedSpeaker: Deniz Aydin, McGill University, CanadaAuthor(s): D. Aydin, M. PekguleryuzThe high temperature oxidation and ignition behavior of binary Mg-Nd and Mg-Sr alloys were investigated. Differenteffects of Nd and Sr were observed via continuous heating experiments carried out in dry air-flow. The ignitiontemperature (Ti) increased with increasing Sr from 640 oC (of pure Mg) to up to 854 oC at 6 wt% Sr. The change in Tiwas related to the surface segregation of Sr and to the activity of the elements in the surface in the pre-ignition stage. Nd,on the other hand, increased the ignition temperature to only 770 oC at 0.5 wt% Nd with higher amounts of Nd notproducing further increase in Ti. It has been found that the formation of compact MgO-Nd2O3 surface scale on Mg-Ndalloys increases the oxidation and ignition resistance of pure Mg but the surface scale degrades in prolonged exposure.Page 4 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationEffect of Iron and Sr in the evolution of Iron based intermetallic Phases in Al-Si hypoeutectic alloysID: 72811Type: ContributedSpeaker: Sumanth Shankar, McMaster University, CanadaAuthor(s): A. Gorny, J. Manickaraj, S. ShankarThe main aim of the study is to understand the formation of the iron bearing intermetallic phases and the effect of Sraddition on them in the Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys. This study has methodically characterized the iron based intermetallicphases evolving during solidification of the Al-7 wt%Si binary alloy as a function of composition of Fe (0.1,0.2, 0.35,0.5and 0.8 wt%), Sr (0 and 200 ppm) and cooling rates (0.1, 1 and 50 K/s). The samples were analyzed by using the thermaldata obtained during solidification and various microscopy techniques. The Al-Si-Fe intermetallic phase compositionswere analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDX) and it was observed that there is anomalous evolution ofcertain Al-Si-Fe intermetallic phases in both alloys with and without Sr addition. The phases evolving in alloys without Sris different from that with Sr in them.Effect of Texture on Precipitation Kinetics in Aluminum AlloysID: 72373Type: ContributedSpeaker: Kaustubh Kulkarni, IIT Kanpur, IndiaAuthor(s): S. Mishra, N. Gurao, S. Shekhar, K. KulkarniControlling the orientation of precipitates can potentially improve the strength of an alloy in a desired direction.Development of texture through thermomechanical processing can affect the nucleation and growth kinetics ofsemicoherent precipitates that cause age hardening in aluminium alloys. In order to understand the effect of texture onage hardening kinetics, wrought aluminium alloys were thermo-mechanically processed to develop various types oftextures in the alloys. The age hardening treatments are carried out on these alloys at different temperatures and times.Tensile tests were carried out on specimens drawn in different directions with respect to the rolling direction to estimatethe evolution of anisotropy in mechanical properties. A detailed analysis of microstructure as well as bulk and microtexture was carried out to establish a relationship between crystallographic texture and precipitation kinetics. This study isexpected to enable development of processing pathways for controlling the strength of age-hardened alloys in specificdirections.Elevated Temperature Wedge Compression Testing of Precipitation Hardenable Al-Sc-Zr AlloysID: 71649Type: StudentSpeaker: Cameron McNamara, Michigan Technological University, USAAuthor(s): C. McNamara, S. Kampe, P. Sanders, D. SwensonEfficient precipitation strengthening and kinetic stability can be obtained in nearly-pure aluminum through the combinedaddition of fractional percentages of scandium and zirconium. The trialuminide precipitation sequence in these alloys canbe tailored through deformation processing and artificial aging. This work utilizes wedge-shaped compression samples ofcast Al-Sc-Zr as a means to produce a continuous plastic strain gradient to examine the role of deformation onmicrostructural evolution. The samples exhibit a radial distribution of plastic strain, and will be compressed at elevatedtemperatures to facilitate in-situ precipitation. Strengthening is quantified via microhardness mapping and microstructuralobservations; these data will be correlated with a finite element analysis (FEA) of the strain distribution. Thisexperimentation is performed as an analog to controlled rolling, a method of reducing cost in the steel industry throughconcurrent deformation processing and precipitation strengthening. This work is sponsored by the Office of NavalResearch, grant No. N00014-11-10876.Page 5 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationFabrication and characterization of Al-based In Situ Composites Reinforced by Al3V Intermetallic CompoundsID: 72824Type: PosterSpeaker: Abdel-Nasser Omran, Faculty of Engineering-Al-Azhar university, EgyptAuthor(s): A. OmranAl-V insitu composite reinforced by sub-micron size Al3V intermetallic compound has been obtained using new technique.The insitu Al3V intermetallic compound was homogeneously embedded in the Al matrix. The produced composites wereexamined using XRD, SEM, EDS, DTA, light microscopy and hardness testing. The results indicated that , the recovery ofvanadium in the prepared composite is reached up to 8% and the maximium efficiency of the V recovery up to 80% havebeen achieved. Also, it has proved certainly by introducing many evidence using XRD, SEM, EDS, DTA and X raymapping that, this compound is Al3V intermetallic compound. According to DTA analysis, the reduction reaction isexthothermic reaction at temperature more than 600oC and the bath temperature uncontrolled reached up to 1000oC.The presence of Al3V compound in the aluminium matrix enhanced and improvement the hardness of the preparedcomposite.Factors Influencing Alpha Case Thickness with Calcia Stabilized Zirconia Face Coat Shelling System forInvestment Casting of Ti 6Al-4VID: 70866Type: ContributedSpeaker: Guy Morin, Centre de métallurgie du Québec, CanadaAuthor(s): G. Morin, G. Marin, M. Comptois-Parr, L. ForgetCalcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ) base slurries have become widely used in titanium investment casting foundries due tothe combination of a limited metal shell reaction and a good average slurry life. However, tight control of slurriesparameters and dipping sequence are required to minimize alpha case.The paper describes the relations between theshelling process parameters and the alpha case formation for titanium alloy Ti 6Al 4V. Impact of the number of appliedCSZ prime coats, the composition of prime stuccos, the colloidal silca content on the first intermediate coat, the shell moldpreheating temperature and the casting cross section have been evaluated.The results showed that a good control ofprocess parameters could limit the alpha case below 180 microns for a 6,35 mm casting thickness. It was found that shellmold temperature, metal temperature and prime coat thickness had the most influence on alpha case formation.Flow Forming of Automotive Spline PartID: 72152Type: ContributedSpeaker: Yong-Nam Kwon, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Korea SouthAuthor(s): Y. Kwon, E. ParkFlow forming is an incremental forming process in which rollers are used to form cylindrical parts with repeated turning ofboth roller and starting material. Even though both sheet and tube can be used as the starting material, flow forming ishighly useful for producing hollow shaped parts from a tube because the average strain in the final shape can besignificantly lowered by using a tube than a sheet material. In the present study, the flow forming process for producing anautomotive spline part from high strength steel was optimized by numerical analysis. Then, flow forming experiment wasfollowed to verify the calculated design. With these numerical analyses and experiments the advantage as well aslimitation of flow forming could be embodied.Page 6 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationFurther Improvement of Aluminium Reduction Cell Resistance Slope CalculationID: 72630Type: ContributedSpeaker: Marc Dupuis, GéniSim Inc, CanadaAuthor(s): M. DupuisAssuming that the cell is not excessively muck and hence that the evolution of the cell resistance is mostly dictated by theevolution of the concentration of the dissolved alumina in the bath, it is fair to say that culculating the slope of that cellresistance is an exact science.During the underfeeding regime from the lean side of the cell voltage vs aluminaconcentration curve, the gradual increase of the slope of the cell voltage is well known and the added bubble and MHDdriven cell voltage noise is very well known.Hence finding the optimal numerical algorythm to filted out that noise andcalculating the current noise free cell resistance slope is a straith forward proposal. In the past the limited C.P.U. power ofcell controler may have prevented the usage of such an algorythm, but this is no longer a limitation.Grain Refinement of Magnesium Alloys Using Ti-B, Ti-C and Al-B based additions: A ReviewID: 73104Type: ContributedSpeaker: Abdallah Elsayed, Ryerson University, CanadaAuthor(s): A. Elsayed, S. Lun Sin, C. RavindranGrain refinement is an effective method to improve the strength of an alloy. For Mg alloys containing Al, there is no widelyaccepted grain refiner. Current methods typically involve melt superheating or addition of carbon based materials such asgraphite, C2Cl6 and SiC. While effective, carbon inoculation methods are inconsistent and the mechanisms are unclear.Another class of grain refiners based on Ti-C, Ti-B and Al-B was recently introduced. This paper discusses thepreparation of these new refiners as well as their grain refining efficiency and resulting mechanical properties. In addition,focused areas for further research are highlighted.Grain Structure Evolution in Aluminium to Steel Ultrasonic Spot WeldingID: 71361Type: ContributedSpeaker: Farid Haddadi, Postech University, Korea SouthAuthor(s): F. Haddadi, P. PrangnellTraditional methods, such as resistance spot welding (RSW), are difficult to apply to aluminum to steel dissimilar weldingin multi-material automotive body structures because of the rapid growth intermetallic layer in liquid state. In comparison,ultrasonic welding (USW) uses only ~5% of the energy of RSW. Here, a detailed investigation has been performed totrack the grain structure evolution in weld interface of the thermomechanical affected zones (TMAZs) using high resolutionSEM fitted with HLK EBSD system. In aluminium to un-coated steel welds severe deformation was found to occur early onin the process, close to the join line, leading to the development of a fine grain structure by dynamic recrystallization.However, the evolution of the grain structures was seen to be delayed with zinc coated steel due to the lowertemperatures and deformation that resulted from liquation of the zinc coat at the weld interface.In-Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Observations of the Deformation Behavior of Friction Stir WeldedAl2139-T8ID: 71549Type: ContributedSpeaker: Carl Boehlert, Michigan State University, USAAuthor(s): C. Boehlert, T. Sano, C. ChenPage 7 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationThe friction stir welding (FSW) process introduces heat, plastic deformation, and chemical variation into the weld jointsand alters the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded region. In this research, two plates of Al2139-T8were welded together by FSW. An evaluation of the microstructure and room and elevated temperature deformationbehavior was performed using an in-situ SEM-based testing methodology. Electron backscatter diffraction was performedboth before and after the deformation and trace analysis was used to identify the activation of the different slip andtwinning modes as a function of temperature. The evolution of slip behavior and grain boundary sliding during theexperiments was compared for both the base metal and the stir zone regions. The results of the effects of FSW on themicrostructure and deformation behavior will be discussed in detail as they have implications for light metals used in thetransportation industry.Influence of Nickel Addition on Cast Mechanical Properties of a Niobium Rich Titanium AluminideID: 73741Type: ContributedSpeaker: Bernard Tougas, Centre de Metallurgie du Quebec, CanadaAuthor(s): B. Tougas, F. ChiesaTitanium aluminides interest continued to increase over the past few years. Their capabilities of retaining high mechanicalproperties and high oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures have caught the eye of several industries. Moreover,developments were able to obtained fair ductility and toughness to the brittle alloys by adding an important proportion ofniobium; titanium aluminides commonly have an elongation under one percent. However, niobium high meltingtemperature makes the alloys really difficult to produce. Experiments have shown that nickel and niobium have a highaffinity and combine rapidly at high temperature. Thus, this interaction greatly eases the alloying of the niobium.Therefore, this work presents the influence of the nickel addition on the cast mechanical properties of a niobium richtitanium aluminide.Low Cost Solutions for HF Emission Reduction: A Success Story for Rio Tinto Alcan SmeltersID: 72218Type: ContributedSpeaker: Jonathan Bernier, Rio Tinto Alcan, CanadaAuthor(s): J. Bernier, M. DionTo unlock creeping programs, RTA aluminum smelters must maintain or improve atmospheric footprint caused by roofvents and gas treatment centers (GTC) emissions. Traditional approaches imply up scaling existing installations by addingfilters and fans with the necessary capital expenditure associated. In a challenging business context, one must find lowcost solutions enabling emissions reduction similar to traditional approaches.Here, we present two different low costsolutions successfully implemented in RTA smelters: replacement of standard filter bags by extended surface filter bags(ESFB) at GTC and alumina distribution retrofit of existing GTCs at Grande-Baie Works. The use of ESFB, with a filtrationsurface nearly twice larger than standard bags, decreases static pressure loss across bag house, allowing a 10 %decrease of roof vents emissions owing to pot ventilation increase. Retrofit of an old centralised alumina distributiontechnology by a filter-based distribution decreases GTC emissions by 30 %.Mathematical Modelling of Microshrinkage Formation during Solidification of A356 Alloy CastingsID: 71432Type: ContributedSpeaker: Laurentiu Nastac, The University of Alabama, USAAuthor(s): A. Patel, L. NastacPage 8 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationSignificant efforts have been made by materials scientists and metallurgists to understand the underlying physics involvedin solidification of aluminum alloys to predict shrinkage porosities. Very few previous models for shrinkage predictionconsider the pore formation based on a nucleation and growth basis. The objective of this study was to develop acomprehensive model that can predict shrinkage porosities that are forming during solidification of A356 castings. Themodel utilizes a stochastic approach and takes into consideration the Niyama criterion as well as the nucleation potentialfor formation of pores. Therefore, it can predict the random nature of pore formation during casting solidification.Correlations between the predictions and the pore amount were developed. For this model, literature validation wasprovided for an A356 alloy plate casting. Further validation was performed for a bar geometry cast in a silica sand mold.The model predictions match reasonably well with the experimental measurements.Mechanical Strength at the Interface of a Steel Insert Embedded in an Aluminium Permanent Mold CastingID: 68622Type: ContributedSpeaker: Franco Chiesa, Centre de Métallurgie du Québec (CMQ), CanadaAuthor(s): F. Chiesa, J. Grenier, N. Giguère, F. LanicotAn aluminium skate-board truck including two steel inserts was poured in a permanent mold and the metallurgicalcharacteristics at the interface were investigated. No chemical interaction between the aluminium near-eutectic AlSi13alloy and the steel rods was observed. The mechanical adherence at the aluminium-steel interface was measured forinsert preheating temperatures of 150°C and 350°C. Preheating the insert to a higher temperature was found to enhancethe adherence of the aluminium casting to the steel insert. By modeling filling and solidification, it was possible todetermine the thermal conditions all along the interface. It was found that the adherence increased from 6 to 14 MPawhen the local solidification time at the interface increased from 3s to 15s.Meso-mechanical Modelling on Ridging or Roping of Aluminium AlloysID: 70964Type: StudentSpeaker: Ling Qin, KU Leuven, BelgiumAuthor(s): L. Qin, M. Seefeldt, P. Van HoutteAluminium alloys for automobile body panel application often show a specific type of band-shaped surface rougheningupon stretching, called “ridging” or “roping”. Extensive research has indicated that the evolving surface roughness profilesare related to surface texture patterning. This work presents a ‘Moving window’ method for detecting such texturepatterning based on EBSD orientation maps. The measured EBSD map can be subdivided by the moving window, withinwhich the orientation information is selected to represent the local texture. Then, the full constraint Taylor crystal plasticitymodel is used to simulate the Lankford coefficient (also called r-value) based on texture. By varying the size of the movingwindow in the transverse direction, the texture patterning in terms of the Lankford coefficient can be studied. Two sampleswith different roping tendency are studied in this work.Microstructure and Natural Hardening of AlMg5Si2Mn Casting AlloyID: 70977Type: ContributedSpeaker: Kostiantyn Mykhalenkov, National Technical University of Ukraine "KPI", UkraineAuthor(s): K. Mykhalenkov, V. Boyko, T. Link, N. KorzhovaThe as-cast and heat treated structure of permanent mould and high pressure die castings of the AlMg5Si2Mn alloy hasbeen investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, microhardness measurements, transmission electron microscopyand energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Inside the a-Al grains curved plate-like precipitates were detected for both alloys.Page 9 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationExamination of these precipitates revealed a number of features, such as: (i) the composition of the precipitates is veryclose to the stochiometric Mg2Si compound; (ii) precipitates are aligned along dislocations; (iii) the precipitate density ismuch higher for the high pressure die castings where the a-Al matrix contains more dislocations than in permanent mouldcastings; (vi) precipitates lie inside the a-Al grains where they are randomly distributed. Between the Mg2Si lamellasprecipitates were not observed; (v) homogenization of the alloy results in complete dissolution of the precipitates andduring artificial aging new needle-shaped precipitates are formed.Modeling of Magnesium DC Casting Process Using a 3D Turbulent CFD ModelID: 73502Type: ContributedSpeaker: Mainul Hasan, McGill University, CanadaAuthor(s): M. Hasan, L. BegumA 3D CFD model of the direct chill (DC) casting of a magnesium rolling slab ingot has been modeled using an in-houseCFD code. The model is based on 3D time-averaged turbulent energy and Navier-Stokes equations and utilizes the‘enthalpy-porosity’ scheme to couple the solidification heat-transfer aspect of the problem with melt flow. Specifically, theDC casting of AZ31 alloy in a hot-top mold has been modeled for the steady state operation. Simulations are carried outfor five different casting speeds , ranging from 60 to 180 mm/min and for two melt superheats of 32C and 64C The meltvelocityand temperature profiles are presented along with the sump depth and sump profile, shell thickness and localheat fluxes along the outer surfaces of the cast. The model can be used to predict the upper limit of the casting speedwhich might lead to an unwanted break-out during production runs.Near Net Shaped Casting of Heat Treatable Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Wrought Alloy by Controlled Diffusion SolidificationProcess (CDS): Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Heat TreatmentID: 73149Type: StudentSpeaker: Reza Ghiaasiaan, McMaster University, CanadaAuthor(s): R. Ghiaasiaan, X. Zeng, S. ShankarIn Controlled diffusion solidification (CDS), two differently thermal mass precursor alloys are mixed and subsequently theresultant mixture cast into near net shaped cast component. The CDS process enables casting of the Al wrought alloysinto near net shaped components by mitigating the problem of hot tearing through ensuring a non-dendritic morphology ofprimary Al-phase. The study presents the favorable process and alloy parameters for sound shaped casting of 7xxx Alwroughtalloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-(Si)) by the CDS process along with the mechanical tensile properties under various heattreatment conditions. The tilt pour gravity casting process was used for this study to demonstrate the ability to cast highintegrity components with high strength and ductility. In depth microstructure analysis outlining the phased in the cast andheat treated microstructure would also be presented.Numerical approach for development of high elastic casting aluminum alloys.ID: 71987Type: ContributedSpeaker: Kyung-Moon Lee, Hyundai Motor, Korea SouthAuthor(s): K. Lee, H. Lee, H. Park, H. ParkThe elastic modulus of aluminum alloys is important to enhance the stiffness of automobile parts that it could replace theengine block material to aluminum alloy from cast iron. This study is suggested how to make high elastic aluminum alloysusing computational material science (thermodynimic, first pricipal caculation and Eshelby's theory) and evaluatedmechanical properties of reinforced phases (TiB2, AlB2, Al3Ti). The volume fraction, shape, aspect ratio and distributionPage 10 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportationof particles effect on the mechanical properties of new aluminum alloy such as elastic modulus and yield/tensile stress.Through these approaches, high elastic modulus aluminum alloys could be developing to adjust the engine blockmaterials.Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation of AA5000 Series Alloy Strips, Containing Sc and Zr, Cast onthe Horizontal Single Belt Casting (HSBC) MachineID: 73170Type: ContributedSpeaker: Sa Ge, McGill University, CanadaAuthor(s): S. Ge, M. Celikin, M. Isac, R. GuthrieThe Horizontal Single Belt Casting (HSBC) is a near-net-shape casting process in which molten metal is directly cast intothin strips at high cooling rates. This process has been gaining significant traction. It was used in the present work toproduce strips of Al-Mg alloys (AA5000 series). This particular AA5000 series alloy with additions of Sc and Zr, showexceptional potential as structural materials for transportation applications, and are ideal materials to be produced usingthe HSBC process.Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD simulations using ANSYS FLUENT 14, were carried out toassess various transport phenomena during the casting of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys. Numerical predictions were validatedagainst experimental results. Optical microscopy, SEM and EBSD analyses were conducted to compare the advantagesof Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys produced by the HSBC process over those produced conventionally.Numerical Simulation of Flow,Temperature and Composition Variation in the Snout and Sink Roll Region ofContinuous Galvanizing BathsID: 71831Type: ContributedSpeaker: Frank Ajersch, Ecole Polytechnique, CanadaAuthor(s): F. Ajersch, F. Ilinca, F. GoodwinThe snout and sink roll regions of a continuous galvanizing operation are of critical importance in achieving automotivequality coated steel products. Entrainment of dross particles into the coating originating in the snout and in the pinchbetween the strip and sink roll were investigated. Numerical simulations were carried out by introducing a pumping systemwhich can direct flow to these specific ares.Velocity, temperature and compositional gradients were calculated andcompared to the standard configuration not using pumps. The results showed that the quality of the coated steel can beimproved using an imposed flow system.Optimum Ageing Cycles in Multiple-Step Ageing of Aluminum AlloysID: 70927Type: ContributedSpeaker: Adebayo Badmos, Black Hawk College, USAAuthor(s): A. Badmos, A. OdeshiMultiple-ageing of aluminum alloys are usually limited to two steps with no information on the effects of higher number ofsteps. This paper investigates the optimum number of ageing cycles in the multiple ageing of three aluminum alloys,2017, 2024 and 2624 by means of hardness test. The three alloys are aluminum-copper systems with close chemicalcompositions and common strengthening precipitates. The multiple-step aging treatment involves solutionizing andquenching the alloy, reheating the alloy to a lower temperature and pre-aging for a given time, and subsequentlyrepeating the aging step for a number of times at either the same or different temperature from the preceding agingtreatment. The aim is to determine the optimum number of ageing cycles and its dependence on aging temperature andtime.Page 11 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationPot-To-Pot Busbars Thermoelectric ModelID: 72282Type: ContributedSpeaker: Sébastien Guérard, Rio Tinto Alcan, CanadaAuthor(s): S. Guérard, D. OuillonBusbars are used in the aluminum reduction technology to carry current from the cathodic bars of a cell to the anodicassembly of the next one. The electric and thermal performances of these conductors are essential to the smelteroperations.In this work, a thermoelectric finite model of the AP3X and AP6X conductors is presented. The model canrepresent both normal and bypassed configurations, with no limits to the number of pots considered. It is also fullyparameterized, allowing the inclusion or exclusion of the risers, anode beam, cathodes, equipotential wedges, auxiliarybridges, and radiative impact of the nearby shells.The model can be used to assist in amperage creep project, to gaininsight into the operation of the busbars, to assess potential scenarios, and to help consider alternative designs. It hasbeen extensively validated based on experimental measurements from several plants.Practical Use of Fluid Flow and Solidification Modeling in the Shape Casting of Light MetalsID: 70005Type: ContributedSpeaker: Franco Chiesa, Centre de Métallurgie du Québec (CMQ), CanadaAuthor(s): F. Chiesa, N. Giguère, B. TougasIf fluid flow and heat transfer modeling are now a must in any advanced research where these physical phenomena are atplay, they may also be used to solve very practical quality problems in shape casting foundries. User friendly commercialsoftwares are now available at a price accessible even to small foundries. Two case studies will show how fillingsimulations helped overcome the difficulty in filling thin wall magnesium and aluminium castings poured in sand and lowpressure permanent molds. Solidification modeling is a very potent tool for the prediction of internal shrinkage defects aswill be demonstrated on a magnesium automotive LPPM poured bell housing and on an investment cast titaniumvalve.Modeling can also be used to predict the realistic level of quality achievable by a given process as will be shown onan aluminum sand casting subjected to the ASTM B686 standard of quality.Primary Aluminum Processing in Quebec and CanadaID: 74087Type: InvitedSpeaker: , ,Author(s): R. HarriesThe presentation covers various aspects in the development of primary aluminium processing in Quebec and CanadaQuantification of Primary and Eutectic Undercoolings of Impulse Atomized Al-Cu DropletsID: 70856Type: ContributedSpeaker: Abdoul-Aziz Bogno, University of Alberta, CanadaAuthor(s): A. Bogno, P. Delshad Khatibi, H. Henein, C. GandinRapid solidification undercooling of alloys results in microstructures with reduced microsegregation. Indeed, themetastable extension of solute solubility yields materials with relatively low fraction of eutectic structure. This paperreports on the quantification of primary and eutectic undercoolings resulting from rapid solidification of Al-Cu droplets ofdifferent sizes and compositions obtained by Impulse Atomization. Previous work by some of the authors of this studyPage 12 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportationshowed that different combinations of estimated primary and eutectic undercoolings can lead to the same eutecticfraction. The aim of the present study is to use the eutectic fraction values measured by Neutron Diffraction to determinethe right combination of the corresponding primary and eutectic undercoolings and validated using a microsegregationmodel. Thermo-Calc is used for the metastable extension of solute solubility in Al-Cu system. Measurement of heatevolved during the period of recalescence by a microsegregation model showed evidence of heat loss during phasetransformation.SEED Rheocasting : A Reliable Route to Premium Grade Semi-solid FeedstockID: 73166Type: ContributedSpeaker: Pascal Cote, STAS inc., CanadaAuthor(s): P. CoteThe SEED rheocasting technology is a commercially available process used for the production of high quality semi-solidfeedstock. The system is fully industrialized and has been proven robust and reliable. Moreover, it is supported by a teamof scientists, engineers and technicians for operational support and application development.Based on an enthalpyexchange principle combined with a gentle swirling movement, the process delivers clean and oxide free slugs to allow forthe production of high integrity cast parts. While some other rheocasting processes are highly prone to oxide entrapmenteither from mechanical stirring of liquid aluminium or pouring of low solid fraction slurries, the SEED technology focuseson metal cleanliness all along the process from the holding furnace up to the delivery of the high solid fraction billet.Combined with the best practices in semi-solid moulding, the SEED process is a reliable route to advanced casting.Study of Wire Fabrication of Aluminum Treated with Diboride ParticlesID: 72570Type: PosterSpeaker: David Florian-Algarin, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez(UPRM), USAAuthor(s): D. Florian-Algarin, O. SuarezThe present study focuses on the fabrication of aluminum wires by adding XB2 nanoparticles into an aluminum matrix,where x could be a transition metal, in this case Nb, Mg and Zr. These nanoparticles were obtained by fragmentation in ahigh energy ball mill and then mechanically alloyed with pure aluminum powder. The Al/XB2 pellets obtained were thensintered at 260oC for half hour. Then the sintered pellets were incorporated into molten aluminum. After solidification theingot was cold rolled to obtain 1mm diameter wires with a reduction of area of 96%. The wire specimens weremechanically characterized and their electrical resistivity was measured and compared with pure aluminum. Our resultsdemonstrated the feasibility of improving the mechanical properties of the material without significantly affecting itselectrical resistivity.Superplastic Forming of Friction Stir Welded Magnesium Alloy Sheet.ID: 73681Type: ContributedSpeaker: anthony barnes, Superform usa, USAAuthor(s): a. barnesMagnesium alloys offer opportunities for significant weight savings resulting from their high specific stiffness and strenth.Both the Auto and Aerospace industries benefit from light weight magnesium castings. Sheet metal magnesium alloys areused much less because of their limited room temperature ductility. Superplastic forming (SPF) of magnesium alloys hasdemonstrated remarkable formability and so offers a pathway to greater use of magnesium alloys. There are howeversome limiting aspects of SPFMg; localised thinning in high strain regions and width limitations of currently available MgPage 13 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportationsheet.This presentation discusses how FSW, in combination with SPF, can overcome these limitations. The interaction ofmultiple material and processing parameters effecting both FSW and SPF are examined and the resulting metallurgicaland mechanical properties are reviewed. Specific industrial applications will also be discussed.Synthesis of Al-TiB2 Nanocomposites Using High Frequency Induction MeltingID: 71726Type: ContributedSpeaker: A. M. Nabawy, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, CanadaAuthor(s): A. Nabawy, X. ChenAluminum-based metal matrix composites reinforced with nanoparticles can be widely used for high performanceapplications in automotive and aerospace industries due to their light-weight and improved physical and mechanicalproperties. The use of electromagnetic stirring to assist the incorporation and dispersion of TiB2 nanoparticles in thealuminum melt was explored using a high frequency induction melting unit. The influence of processing parameters suchas the melting temperature and heating rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Fieldemission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Clemex image analyzerwere used for the microstructure characterization. The results indicated that the synthesised Al-TiB2 nanocompositesdisplayed good incorporation and distribution of TiB2 nanoparticles throughout the aluminum matrix. The microhardnessof nanocomposite materials was significantly improved compared to pure aluminum due the strong strengthening effect ofTiB2 nanoparticles on the aluminum matrix.The Effect of Silicon on the Thermal Conductivity of Al-Si AlloysID: 70971Type: ContributedSpeaker: Nai-Kuang Tang, Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, TaiwanAuthor(s): N. TangElectric cars are the trend of vehicles. The electric motor, the key component of an electric car, with high power densityhas a serious problem of heat dissipation. Bad heat dissipation will cause the motor short life and low efficiency. Theconductivity of the material of the motor housing has great influence on heat dissipation. In order to develop a new diecastaluminum alloy with higher thermal conductivity so that the motor could have better heat dissipation, we firstresearched the effect of silicon on the thermal conductivity of Al-Si alloys as a basis for developing a new die-castaluminum alloy.In this paper we investigated the thermal conductivity of Al-Si alloys containing 4~14wt% of silicon. First,Al-Si alloy specimens with different percents of silicon were prepared. Then, we measured the thermal conductivity, andanalyzed the microstructure to build a model of predicting the thermal conductivity of Al-Si alloys.The Effect of Temperature on the Formability of a High Strength Aluminium Automotive AlloyID: 72177Type: ContributedSpeaker: Ross Nolan, University of Manchester, United KingdomAuthor(s): R. Nolan, P. Prangnell, J. Quinta da Fonseca, M. KulasThe desire to reduce automotive weights is driven by a need to reduce CO2 emissions. As such to allow further weightreduction higher performance aluminium alloys are in demand for sheet metal body structures. Due to their high strengthto weight ratio 7xxx alloys are seen as the ideal candidate for this, however their use to date has been limited by poorformability. The formability of a 7xxx candidate alloy, 7021, has been assessed by way of tensile testing and deepdrawing experimentation, both at room temperature and over an elevated temperature range. The formability of the alloyimproved as the temperature was increased due to the lower flow stress experienced by the material during drawing.Page 14 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for TransportationMicrostructural analysis of samples post-forming showed a dimpled fracture surface with dimple size increasing withtemperature. Voids close to the surface were shown to initiate at Fe-containing particles.The Effects of Mg, Mo and Cr on the Microstructure and Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of an Al-Si-Cu-Mg Engine AlloyID: 71759Type: StudentSpeaker: Amir Rezaei Farkoosh, McGill University, CanadaAuthor(s): A. Rezaei Farkoosh, X. Chen, M. PekguleryuzHigh temperature Al-Si casting alloys are on the way to becoming an appropriate replacement for cast iron in Dieselengines. As a result of improvements in engine performance and demands for higher pressures and temperatures, theexisting aluminum alloys have reached strength limits. This has triggered efforts in alloy development to design Al alloyswith enhanced elevated-temperature performance. In the present work, the influence of Mg, Mo and Cr modifications onthe solidification, precipitation and elevated temperature mechanical properties of a Sr-modified Al7Si0.5Cu0.3Mg (inwt.%) alloy has been investigated. It is observed that the strength increases with increased Mg alloying. The presence ofMo leads to nano-scale dispersoid formation which results in improved high-temperature strength, creep resistance andaging response.Thermodynamic Database for Copper Production and TreatmentID: 71690Type: StudentPosterSpeaker: Denis Shishin, Ecole Polytechnique of Montreal, CanadaAuthor(s): D. ShishinModern cars, trucks and trains are “computers on wheels”. No electronics is possible without copper, amazing metal withunique properties. It is also considered a perspective additive for light alloys. This presentation focuses on the creation ofthe large thermodynamic database for copper production and treatment. This database, created for use by FactSagesoftware, covers the Al-Ca-Cu-Fe-Mg-Ni-O-S-Si chemical system and the following phases: liquid metal, slag, oxysulfidematte, spinel, numerous metallic, oxide and sulfide solid solutions.The Calphad-style optimization procedure is usedduring the database development. All available thermodynamic and phase diagram data are evaluated simultaneously inorder to obtain one set of model equations for the Gibbs energies of all phases as functions of temperature andcomposition. From these equations, all of the thermodynamic properties and the phase diagrams can be back-calculated.In this way, all the data are rendered self-consistent and consistent with thermodynamic principles.Thermodynamic Modeling and Optimization of the Al-Mn-Zn SystemID: 73861Type: PosterSpeaker: Chander Shekhar, Concordia University, CanadaAuthor(s): C. Shekhar, M. MedrajThe paper presents accurate and consistent thermodynamic description of Al-Mn-Zn ternary system and reportedconstituent ternary phases. Three intermetallic ternary compounds and increased solubility limits of the component binarycompounds were considered in the modeling. Among the ternary intermetallic compounds, t3 having complex solubilityrange has been modeled using compound energy formulism whereas t1 and t2 have been considered as thestoichiometric phases. Along the binaries, models based on compound energy formulism have been developed forconstituent binary system to accommodate recently experimentally obtained solubility ranges. Liquid phase in the systemhas been modeled using Modified Quasi-chemical Model. The results from the experiments were compared with thePage 15 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportationresults for the modeling and found to be in good agreement. Isothermal section at 673 K, vertical sections and liquidprojection in the Al-Mn-Zn system has been calculated and found to be in good agreement with the experimental dataavailable in the literature.Titanium Cast Valves Repair with GTAW ProcessID: 71935Type: ContributedSpeaker: Théo Ouellet, Cégep de Trois-Rivières, CanadaAuthor(s): T. Ouellet, B. TougasGiven the high added values of titanium castings, rejecting a part is a very costly proposition; the option of repairing thecasting is often the most economical alternative. For internal defects, as porosities, the application of a hot isostaticpressing (HIP) cycle greatly diminish the cost of such repairs by bringing the defect at the part surface. However, sincetitanium is highly reactive with oxygen, special gas protection must be applied for the welding operation. The current workpresents two different repair cases: the first on a HIP titanium valve, the second on a geometry modification with a builduprepair technique. Moreover, for each case an appropriate gas protection technique have been used. Optimum GTAWparameters have been selected and validated with optical metallographic observation and image analysis.Titanium Foam Processing and Characterization Using Sawdust as a Space HolderID: 72158Type: ContributedSpeaker: Cindy Waters, NCA&T State University, USAAuthor(s): C. Waters, A. Sedighi, S. AjinolaThis paper presents the process of creating novel Ti foams, with a consideration to sustainability and employing a powdermetallurgy method. Titanium powder particles will be used as the matrix and, sawdust particles as the space holder.Sawdust, whose technical name is cellulose, is selected with environmental sustainability in mind. This paper identifiesthe challenges/problems and attempts to provide a new methodology to achieve better properties in both micro and macroscales. Metallic foams and porous metals are materials with low densities offer potential for light-weight structures, energyabsorption, thermal management, and radiation protection all which are needed in variety applications. We will develop amechanical properties characterization plan, utilizing compression, compression–compression fatigue, and fracturemechanics. Microstructure of the foams as studied, using a variety of methods including; optical and scanning electronmicroscopy imaging and three-dimensional characterizations with the phoenix nanotom which is a nano-focus computedtomography system.Titanium: Rethinking the Value of Non-Traditional Light Metals for TransportationID: 73148Type: KeynoteSpeaker: William MacDonald, TIMET, USAAuthor(s): W. MacDonaldMaterials selection criteria are often based on historical precedents that were determined by the economics and materialsavailability of the time. In specifying new light metal alloys into traditional applications, the designer has to overcomemany obstacles including existing specifications, a long track record of performance and the requirement to show that thenew alloy offers very tangible benefits that outweigh the risks. The titanium industry has worked with automotivemanufacturers for over 15 years to develop alloys for specific products including exhaust systems, connecting rods,valves, springs, turbochargers and structural components. In almost all cases, the material performance exceeds thespecified requirements such as strength to weight or high temperature stability, for example. Now, as designers arePage 16 of 17

hosted byOctober 27-31, 2013, Montreal, QuebecList of SpeakersRevised: Monday, April 22, 2013SYMPOSIUM:Light Metals for Transportationpushed by legislation to achieve higher fuel efficiency, while meeting customer performance requirements, it is timely tore-evaluate the economics of titanium as we move into a greener era of transport.Page 17 of 17