Kenethia L. McIntosh Fuller

119assumptions. If the mean does not equal zero, it can lead to a biased estimate of theintercept. To test this assumption, the residuals will be examined. While there wereproblems noted in the residual plots, this is to be expected given the issues discussedearlier (and referenced in tables 14 and 15) with the variables. Despite the plots, themeans of the residuals for all models was equal to zero. It is important to acknowledgethis violation and the possible bias, but the models were not changed as a result of thisfinding.OffendingTo examine all relevant hypotheses for this study, hypotheses for offending willbe discussed, followed by hypotheses for co-offending. The models in this section testthe hypotheses that personality factors have a significant relationship with offending.The hypotheses are as follows:Ha1: There is a significant, positive relationship between openness andoffending.Ha2: There is a significant, negative relationship between conscientiousness andoffending.Ha3: There is a significant, positive relationship between extraversion andoffending.Ha4: There is a significant, negative relationship between agreeableness andoffending.Ha5: There is a significant, positive relationship between neuroticism andoffending.