G7-Elmau-Progress-Report-2015-Biodiversity-A-vital-foundation-for-sustainable-development

G7 ELMAU PROGRESS REPORT 63Box 5.1 Food security“Food security” exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient quantitiesof safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for active and healthy lives (Committeeon World Food Security 2013). Food security has four dimensions (FAO 2006):Food availability: The availability of sufficient quantities of food of appropriate quality, supplied through domesticproduction or imports (including food aid).Food access: Access by individuals to adequate resources for acquiring appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.Utilization: Utilization of food through adequate diet, clean water, sanitation and health care to reach a state ofnutritional well-being in which all physiological needs are met.Stability: To be food secure, a population, household or individual must have access to adequate food at all times.They should not risk losing access to food as a consequence of sudden shocks (e.g., an economic or climatic crisis) orcyclical events (e.g., seasonal food insecurity). The concept of stability can therefore refer to both the availabilityand access dimensions of food security.Figure 5.1 Interconnections between biodiversity and food securityEcosystem loss and fragmentationthrough land conversionPollution due to use of pesticidesBiodiversity loss due to production practices(tillage, bottom trawlers, monoculture)(Over-)exploitation of natural resources(fish stocks, grasslands, soils, forests)BiodiversityPractices that conserve and enhanceagro-biodiversityFood securityPollination of cropsPest controlMaintaining watershed conditions andsoil fertilityResilience of species against pests andclimate variabilityAvailability of natural food productsVariety to meet nutrition and otherdietary food preferencesSource: Own elaboration