Action Plan for the development of livestock - CAADP

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d)5.25.2.1Document and disseminate best practices onsustainable management of Natural Resourcesat the interface crop-livestock-wildlife. There isa need to mainstream biodiversity and livestockresources at the interface between mixedproduction ecosystems and protected areasthrough the promotion and support to sustainableland management systems for livestock and wildlifeto improve community livelihoods, biodiversity,conservation and reduce land degradation.Pillar 2. Improving Rural Infrastructure andMarket AccessContextMarkets access is the incentive that drives investments.Current concerns include how to bring poor landlesslivestock owners into markets, how to stimulate activityin local non-traditional markets where the majority oflivestock products are traded, and whether changes inmarket organization and access for livestock productswill marginalize smallholders. Livestock policy can alsoencourage the development of market opportunitiesby increasing the availability of market information,and by strengthening the relationships betweenproducers’ groups and the institutions that control andmonitor market information. Opportunities to expandcommercial production and inter-regional trade oflivestock products and the role of producers shouldbe considered a high priority, particularly in addressingregional deficits in products for which other regionshave comparative advantage.5.2.2Priority areas for livestock development underpillar 2Livestock policy can encourage the development ofmarket opportunities by increasing the availabilityof market information, and by strengthening therelationships between producers’ groups and theinstitutions that control and monitor market information.Opportunities to expand commercial production andinter-regional trade of livestock products and the roleof producers should be considered a high priority,particularly in addressing regional deficits in productsfor which other regions have comparative advantage.Priority will focus on:b)c)Development of infrastructure services: Securingaccess to output markets (public) investment forand regulation/management of slaughterhousesand milk processing plants. Slaughterhouses andprocessing plants require investments with a highindivisible component which can create frictions/imperfections in the production chain. Livestockare among the most repeatedly taxed agriculturalcommodities: transit and market access feesare common, especially following the currentdecentralization thrust. Promoting the involvementof private sector in the meat processing and feedmanufacturing industry is essential to ensure thecompetitiveness in price and quality leading toenhancing the competitiveness of the whole sector.Other facilities include:• Feeder road network from producer tomarket;• Watering facilities along established livestock’strek routes on the way to markets;• Milk collection centres;• Mobile laboratory for disease screening;• Regional reference laboratories (e.g. for qualitycontrol and assurance);• Mobile communication.Development of policy that facilitates access toinputs:• Development of protocols to strengthenand support cross border trade throughharmonization of customs, taxes, licenses andfees;• Development of arbitration protocolsand guidelines for the implementation andenforcement of arbitration decisions byRegional Economic Communities (RECs);• Establish data banks on agro-industrial byproducts;• Control of animal diseases that limit regionaland international trade;• Create supportive environment for theprivate sector to thrive in areas of livestockproduction, marketing, processing and exportactivities;• Coordinated and harmonised certificationapproaches.a)Development of infrastructure for communication,transportation, processing and marketing oflivestock, livestock products and feeds: (holdinggrounds, quarantine facilities, disease free zones,feed production, stock routes).d)Promoting the establishment of livestock producer’sorganizations at local, national and regional level:The establishment of local livestock producers’organizations (eg. cooperatives) is extremelyessential to provide small scale producers anaccess to services (credit, veterinary services,production inputs), and to high value market chains.10 | Framework for Mainstreaming Livestock in the CAADP Pillars
e)f)g)h)i)At national and regional level, the associations willbe more policy oriented and allow participation inpolicy formulation. The inclusion of association inpolicy formulation will ensure the formulation ofwell targeted and robust polices. Sector policiesshould therefore take into account this importantaspect and put in place regulatory frameworksthat promotes and simplifies the establishment offarmers’ organizations.Stimulating participation of small farmer into valueaddition chain: seventy percent of African livestockkeepers are poor practicing livestock productionfor substance applying poor production techniquesand utilizing poor breeds with no access of propermarket chains. Commercialization of this vastsector of livestock producers is essential to expandthe production base, which is in turn a necessarycondition to obtain competitiveness. Empoweringsmall scale producers requires availing accessiblecredit, and the provision of well targeted technicaland marketing supports. Several successfulexperiences abound around Africa and there is animmense need to upscale these experiences. Thecommercialization of small-scale producers hasdirectly impacted employment creation, livelihood,gender empowerment and food security in apositive manner.Promotion of equitable market policies thatencourage smallholder investment in livestockproduction and balance the interests of producersand consumers (e.g. appropriate foreign exchangerates, anti-dumping measures, avoidance of subsidiesto large-scale operators, advocacy for equitableinternational standards).Development of adapted sanitary and technicalstandards and the deepening of regional tradeagreements within Africa to increase trade inlivestock and livestock products.Enhancing trade networks and market intelligence.The ability of African countries to tap into newmarket opportunities is often ad hoc and inadequate.This is the consequence of lack of coordination,particularly at regional levels, and often poormarket intelligence. We remain too reliant on oldtrading networks, without exploiting new marketopportunities and investing in developing andbranding new livestock based products. There is aneed for more joined approach, linking regional andgovernmental support to private sector initiatives.Improving negotiating power and capacity. Africahas to date been poor at negotiating in relation toj)k)l)both particular markets and in international settingsaround trade standards; for example – whetherat the OIE, the WTO SPS agreement, the CodexAlimentarius Commission, or with the EU. There is aneed to improve negotiating capacities, consolidateAfrican common position and form alliances forimproving trade and developing standards at thesub-regional and Africa-wide levels.Promoting trade with acceptable level of risk.International standards governing the globallivestock trade currently focus on the geographicalorigin of a product, and the disease status of thatregion. This favors developed countries that haveeliminated significant livestock diseases. Countriesor regions with a multitude of trans-boundaryanimal disease have limited chances of fullyeradicating all of them in the near future, meaningthat few options are available for accessing lucrativedomestic, regional and international markets.One important alternative is for internationalstandards to adopt a ‘commodity-based’approach. Commodity-based trade focuses on thequality of each product and how it was producedand processed, rather than origin of the product.Such an approach would not undermine diseasecontrol and eradication measures, as countrieswould actually have greater incentives to strengthenveterinary services and improve disease control.Currently, such commodity standards are almostnon-existent. However, the World Organizationfor Animal Health (OIE) has recently recognizedthis, and the Terrestrial Animal Health CodeCommission plans to ensure that requirements inthe OIE Code relevant to commodities trade getthe deserved attention.m) Within this picture, some success stories haveemerged, notably Botswana, Namibia, Zambia andSouth Africa which have accessed high value marketsin developing and developed countries and are alsoexperiencing higher per capita consumption levelsfor livestock products.n)Alternatively, African countries are required toinvest in developing regional standards that couldbe mutually recognized under the principle ofequivalence of the WTO-SPS agreement. Thesestandards, once recognized by importers, willfacilitate exportation of African livestock productsas these take into account the peculiarity of Africalivestock sector while ensuring on the same timean acceptable level of risk. Though developingstandards is a capital and science intensive processFramework for Mainstreaming Livestock in the CAADP Pillars | 11
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Action Plan for the development of livestock - CAADP

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