Methods for handling treatment switching - MRC Network of Hubs for ...
Methods for handling treatment switching - MRC Network of Hubs for ...
Methods for handling treatment switching - MRC Network of Hubs for ...
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Defining the question: counterfactuals• Examples <strong>of</strong> counterfactual outcomes:– the <strong>treatment</strong> that patient i would have had if theyhad been randomised to <strong>treatment</strong> A– the outcome that would have been observed ifpatient i had received <strong>treatment</strong> A• Useful in defining the question: e.g.– estimate difference between arms in the subgroupwho would take <strong>treatment</strong> if randomised to it– estimate difference between arms if there had beenno departures from randomised <strong>treatment</strong>8
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