Hy-Line Brown Commercial management guide - Poultry Hub

BROWNCommercial Management GuideIntensive / Alternative Systemswww.hyline.com.au

Contents Chick management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cage Brooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Floor Brooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Infra-red beak treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Growing period management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Floor systems management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General management recommendations - Alternative systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Disease control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33445679External Parasites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Lighting program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Rearing period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Water consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Monitoring body weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16List of Tablesand FiguresTable 1 Hy-Line Brown capabilities - Intensive systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 2 Hy-Line Brown capabilities - Alternative systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 3 Brooding temperatures - Cage rearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 4 Light intensity - Cage rearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 5 Brooding temperatures - Floor rearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 6 Light intensity - Floor rearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 7 Growing space recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 8 Recommended perch length per bird density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Figure 1 Perch dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 9 Recommended layer floor densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 10 Recommended lighting programs - Light controlled housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 11 Recommended lighting programs - Natural ventilated housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 12 Growing period nutritional recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1233445666111213Table 13 Laying period nutritional recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Table 14 Expected Feed consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Table 15 Rearing period body weight targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 16 Guide to water consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1515Figure 2 Normal distribution of body weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Table 17 Samples sizes and F values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Table 18 Relationship between CV% and +10% of averageweight of populations with a normal weight distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 19 Hy-Line Brown performance - Intensive systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 20 Hy-Line Brown performance - Alternative systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 21 Hy-Line Brown performance graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 22 Hy-Line Brown egg size distribution - Intensive systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 23 Hy-Line Brown egg size distribution - Alternative systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171819202122

Table 1 | Capabilities of the Hy-Line Brown - Intensive systemsHy-Line Brown Capabilities - Intensive SystemsPerformance Standards-2011Growing Period (to 17 weeks):LivabilityFeed ConsumedBody Weight at 17 Weeks97%5.62 kg1.49 kgLaying Period (to 80 weeks):Percent Peak94-96%Hen-Day Eggs to 60 Weeks253-259Hen-Day Eggs to 80 Weeks363-371Hen-Housed Eggs to 60 Weeks249-255Hen-Housed Eggs to 80 Weeks354-361Livability to 60 Weeks97%Livability to 80 Weeks94%Days to 50% Production (from hatch)140Egg Weight at 26 Weeks58 gEgg Weight at 32 Weeks61 gEgg Weight at 70 Weeks64 gTotal Egg Mass per Hen-housed (18-80 weeks)22.0 kgBody Weight at 32 Weeks1.91 kgBody Weight at 70 Weeks1.97 kgFreedom From Egg InclusionsExcellentShell StrengthExcellentShell Colour at 38 Weeks87Shell Colour at 56 Weeks85Shell Colour at 70 Weeks81Haugh Units at 38 Weeks90Haugh Units at 56 Weeks84Haugh Units at 70 Weeks81Average Daily Feed Consumption (18-80 weeks)107 g /day per birdFeed Conversion Rate, kg Feed/kg Eggs (20-60 weeks)1.99Feed Conversion Rate, kg Feed/kg Eggs (20-80 weeks)2.04Feed Utilization, kg Egg/kg Feed (20-60 weeks)0.503Feed Utilization, kg Egg/kg Feed (20-80 weeks)0.490Feed per Dozen Eggs (20-60 weeks)1.47 kgFeed per Dozen Eggs (20-80 weeks)1.53 kgSkin ColourYellowCondition of DroppingsDryThe genetic potential of Hy-Line Brown can only be realized if good poultry husbandry practices and management are used. The above information isbased on field experience compiled by Hy-Line, extensive commercial flock records catalogued by Hy-Line from all parts of the world and principlestaken from industry technical literature. It should be used for guidance and educational purposes only, recognizing that local environmental anddisease conditions may vary and a handout cannot cover all possible circumstances.© Copyright 2010 Hy-Line International This page was last updated March 2011Commercial Management Guide 1

Table 2 | Capabilities of the Hy-Line Brown - Alternative SystemsHy-Line Brown Capabilities - Alternative SystemsPerformance Standards-2011Growing Period (to 17 weeks):LivabilityFeed ConsumedBody Weight at 17 Weeks97%6.20 kg1.43 kgLaying Period (to 80 weeks):Percent Peak94-96%Hen-Day Eggs to 60 Weeks241-259Hen-Day Eggs to 80 Weeks350-371Hen-Housed Eggs to 60 Weeks237-255Hen-Housed Eggs to 80 Weeks341-361Livability to 60 Weeks97%Livability to 80 Weeks94%Days to 50% Production (from hatch)142Egg Weight at 26 Weeks58 gEgg Weight at 32 Weeks61 gEgg Weight at 70 Weeks66 gTotal Egg Mass per Hen-housed (18-80 weeks)21.6 kgBody Weight at 32 Weeks1.87 kgBody Weight at 70 Weeks1.98 kgFreedom From Egg InclusionsExcellentShell StrengthExcellentShell Colour at 38 Weeks87Shell Colour at 56 Weeks85Shell Colour at 70 Weeks81Haugh Units at 38 Weeks90Haugh Units at 56 Weeks84Haugh Units at 70 Weeks81Average Daily Feed Consumption (18-80 weeks)114 g/day per birdFeed Conversion Rate, kg Feed/kg Eggs (20-60 weeks)2.06Feed Conversion Rate, kg Feed/kg Eggs (20-80 weeks)2.08Feed Utilization, kg Egg/kg Feed (20-60 weeks)0.485Feed Utilization, kg Egg/kg Feed (20-80 weeks)0.481Feed per Dozen Eggs (20-60 weeks)1.54 kgFeed per Dozen Eggs (20-80 weeks)1.58 kgSkin ColourYellowCondition of DroppingsDryThe genetic potential of Hy-Line Brown can only be realized if good poultry husbandry practices and management are used. The above information isbased on field experience compiled by Hy-Line, extensive commercial flock records catalogued by Hy-Line from all parts of the world and principlestaken from industry technical literature. It should be used for guidance and educational purposes only, recognizing that local environmental anddisease conditions may vary and a handout cannot cover all possible circumstances.© Copyright 2010 Hy-Line International This page was last updated March 2011Commercial Management Guide 2

Chick managementHy-Line Brown chicks adapt equally well to floor and cage brooding systems. They require no special hatchery services except vaccinationagainst Marek’s disease and beak treatment.General recommendations1. Prior to delivery of chicksa. Clean and disinfect cages or floor brooding area. Clean the building interior, attached service areas and equipment.b. Check to make sure equipment is working properly and is adjusted to the correct height.c. Remove all old feed from bins, hoppers and troughs. Disinfect and allow to dry before new feed is delivered.d. Place rodent bait where it will not be consumed by chicks.2. One day before deliverya. Set the brooder thermostat to 34-36 o C at chick level).b. Check water system. Adjust to correct height for chicks. Disinfect and flush water lines.3. On the day of deliverya. Have drinkers full or water system in operation. Check brooder temperatures.b. As chicks are placed, trigger water cups or nipples to encourage drinking.c. Encourage drinking before eating. When nipple drinkers are used, adjust the water pressure so birds can see a droplet of water on each nipple.d. Feed should be placed on paper either in the cage or on the floor depending on system. Operate feeders at highest level.e. Keep lights at high intensity for the first week (ie 15-20 Lux).Cage broodingBefore the birds arrive, prepare the house as follows:1. Put non-skid paper on the bottom of the cage. This paper may disintegrate and fall through the cage bottom or it should beremoved at 7-10 days.2. Start the heating system 24 hours before the birds arrive. Adjust temperature to 34-36 o C at chick level.3. Keep the relative humidity between 40%-60%. In cage brooding, adequate humidity is very important.Temperature managementReduce the temperature by 2 o C per week until 21 o C is reached. Look for signs of overheating (panting, drowsiness) or chilling (huddling)and make appropriate adjustments. Heat control is more critical in cage brooding because the chicks cannot move to find their comfortzone.Maintain adequate humidity if you brood in cages. Relative humidity for cage brooding must be maintained between 40%-60%.If necessary, sprinkle water on the walks or floors to increase humidity.Table 3 | Brooding temperatures-Cage rearingTable 4 | Light intensity-Cage rearingAGECage BroodingoCAGELIGHT INTENSITY (LUX)Day 1-3Day 4-7Day 8-14Day 15-2134-3630-3228-3026-28Days 1-7Days 8-14Week 2-13201815Day 22-28Day 29-35Day 3623-2621-2321Week 14-16Gradual increase toLight intensity at housing2020Commercial Management Guide 3

Floor broodingTwenty-four hours prior to chick delivery, prepare the house as follows:a. Section the area required for brooding.b. Adjust brooder temperature to 35-36 o C .c. Ensure supplementary drinkers are used where necessary. Keep water clean at all times.d. Eliminate all draughts from the house.Temperature managementObserving the chicks will tell you whether or not the temperature is correct. If they are too cool, they will huddle near the heat source.If they are too warm, they will spread away from the heat source. If there are draughts, they will huddle in groups away from the areawhere the cool air enters the building. Comfortable chicks will spread out uniformly through the brooding area, without huddling.Maintain adequate relative humidity: The chicks are more comfortable and respond best when relative humidity is between 40% and 60%.Table 5 | Brooding temperatures - Floor rearingTable 6 | Light intensity-Floor rearingAGE oC AGE LIGHT INTENSITY (LUX)Day 1-3Day 4-7Day 8-1435-3633-3531-33Days 1-7Days 8-14Week 2-13201815Day 15-2129-31Week 14-16Day 22-2826-27Gradual increase to20Day 29-3523-25Day 36-4221Light intensity at housing20Infra - red beak treatmentImportant information about Hy-Line chicks and infra-red beak treatmentIn conjunction with the manufacturers we have listed a number of guidelines to ensure your new consignment of chicks perform to theirfull potential.Water• Water intake is one of the most important factors for success with infra-red beak treated chicks. Chicks require immediate and easyaccess to water.• Water should be kept fresh and clean. Ensure that palatable water is provided for the birds at all times.• Where pressurised water systems are used, ensure the correct pressure is applied, allowing a droplet of water on the nipple.• Again water is the key. Do whatever you can to encourage the chicks to drink.LightThe minimum recommended light intensity is 20 lux while brooding. This level of light intensity will keep the chicks alert and encourage feedand water intake.Infra-red beak treatmentCommercial Management Guide 4

Growing period managementTable 7 | Growing space recommendationsCAGEFLOORFloor Space:310 cm 2Floor Space:20kg per sq metre live weight/835 cm 2Feeder Access:5 cm/birdFeeder Space:5cm per bird single side minimum2cm of circular feeding space per bird1 pan/50 birdsWater Access:Cups/Nipples:1 per 8 birdsWater Space:15-20 birds per cup or nipple drinker125-150 birds per bell drinkerThe first 17 weeks of a pullet’s life are critical. Good management during this period can assure that the pullet reaches the laying houseready to deliver her genetic potential. Mistakes made during the first 17 weeks of the bird’s life generally cannot be corrected in thelaying house.General recommendations1. To optimise biosecurity grow pullets in strict isolation fromolder birds. Where possible, plan work routines so that youalways visit younger birds first, reducing the risk of diseaseorganisms being transferred.2. During the first six weeks run feeders a minimum of twice perday. Check feed consumption against Table 14.3. Check water availability and raise drinkers as the birds grow(nipples should be higher than the birds’ heads, cups to be levelwith their backs.4. Plan and follow a vaccination schedule specific to your area.5. Remove dead birds daily and dispose of correctly. Examine forcauses of excessive mortality.6. Ensure target body weights are achieved by weekly checkweighing. Weigh 60-100 pullets to obtain an average weight.7. Minimum 80% uniformity is necessary to achieve optimumperformance.8. Two weeks prior to moving gradually increase light intensity tomatch the laying quarters.9. Three days before moving pullets to the laying house, beginusing water-soluble vitamins and electrolytes in the drinkingwater. Continue using for three days after housing, which willhelp to minimise the stress of moving.10. Water consumption during the last week on the growing farmshould be noted and compared with water consumption in thelaying house immediately after transfer. The time taken to matchthe previous level of water consumption and subsequentlyexceed it will be an indication of how well the birds haveadapted to their new environment.Commercial Management Guide 5

Floor systems managementLightingIt is important to provide floor reared birds with enough lightintensity to allow them to explore their environment.PerchesPerches improve the growing and laying house environment.During the growing period, perches allow birds to fully developtheir leg and wing muscles, which enhances the bird’s ability tomove around the growing and laying house. Perches reduce thesocial pressure of the poultry house, allowing the birds to roostduring rest periods. Efficient use of perches can increase the totalavailable space within the poultry house environment. Perches alsoreduce the risk of smothering.BodyweightTo reduce the impact on bodyweight during transfer from thegrowing house, it is advisable that during the growing period, birdshave access to the same type of feeder and water system as theywill have in the laying house. Ideally the growing house shouldhave perches as this improves body weight, growth, and uniformity.Relative humidityBirds are very sensitive to extremes of relative humidity. It iscommon to see young flocks in floor systems with relative humiditydropping below 30%. This will cause an increased agitation levelamong the birds and can result in aggressive behaviour. Excessivehumidity at the incorrect time may cause poor litter conditions,poor air quality and increased ammonia and should be avoided toprevent respiratory problems. Ideally relative humidity shouldrange between 40% and 60%.SocialisationIt is important to socialise the birds to humans by walking throughthem daily. It is recommended after 7 days the birds are walked attwo-hour intervals, giving the bird time to relax and settle betweenwalking. Increase the light in house and walk briskly through thehouse to improve the process of socialisation. This results in flockbeing calmer and more easy to manage.Table 8 | Recommended perch lengthper bird densityBIRD DENSITYBirds/m 240 cm 40 cm 40 cm7891012LENGTH PER BIRDcm4681214Figure 1 | Perch dimensions45 oTable 9 | Recommended layer floor densitiesRecommended Floor Densities for the Hy-Line Brown LayerFloor Space:Feeder Access:Water Access:Nest Space:all litterall slatcombination of litter/slatstraight troughround pans1 nipple/cup2.5cm water trough46cm diameter circularautomatic water fountaincolony nest, single tier,1.1-1.4m widthindividual nest8 birds/m 210 birds/m 29 birds/m 29cm30 birdsper 10 birdsper birdper 125 birds150 birds/nest (75 birds/side)8 birds/nestCommercial Management Guide 6

General management recommendations - Alternative systemsThe following checklist has been compiled as a guide to ensure your Hy-Line Brown point of lay (P.O.L) pullets are able to maximiseand achieve their full potential.Order/rearing periodCheck vaccination program and blood analysis results.Check compatibility of feed and water systems.Establish lighting regime.Discuss required light intensity.Discuss need for worming with pullet supplier.•••••Prior to arrival of P.O.L. pullets.Wash and disinfect the poultry house and equipment.Fumigate house and equipment and treat against red mite.Ensure all lights and dimmers are working.Check nest box lights (if installed) and egg collection belt. Close access to pullets.Where bell drinkers are used install at least 20% of them near edge of slats, initially to maximise water intake and avoid dehydration.Set drinker heights so pullets can either see water in the bell drinkers or droplets on nipples.Where nipple drinkers are used adjust water pressure to maximise water intake.Raise water levels in bell drinkers to improve uptake.Adjust light intensity to a minimum of 15-20 lux and set time clocks to required day length, checking that the clocks are functioning correctly.Check ventilation system is functioning correctly.••••••••••On deliveryHousing at 16-17 weeks of ageMulti-tier / conventional systemsHandle pullets carefully and place on slats.Walk birds several times after housing to ensure that the pullets have found water and feed.Adjust day length as closely as possible to rearing program, i.e. 10 hours from 07.00 to 17.00.Set dawn and dusk lights to come on and off 30 mins prior to main lights.Ensure adequate ventilation, especially during hot spells, to reduce stress.Give water-soluble vitamins for three days to help pullets settle in.Take first water-meter reading.Check weight of pullets.••••••••First week• Monitor water intake and regularly check water lines for spillage or poor pressure.• Compare water consumption each day until the water consumption prior to transfer has been reached.• When you are satisfied that the pullets are consuming the correct amount of water, raise bell drinkers or nipple lines to desired heightand adjust water levels/pressures accordingly.Commercial Management Guide 7

Disease controlA flock of pullets or layers can only perform up to its geneticpotential when disease influence is minimized. The appearance ofvarious diseases can vary from a subclinical effect on performanceto outright severe mortality. The diseases of economic importancevary widely between locations, but in every case the challenge is toidentify and control those diseases.BiosecurityBiosecurity is the best method of avoiding disease. A good biosecurityprogramme identifies and controls the most likely ways adisease can enter the farm. Movement of people and equipmentonto the farm should be strictly controlled. Visitors to the farmshould be limited to those who are essential for this operation. Allvisitors should use a log book to document their visits. Anyone whohas visited another poultry facility within the last 48 hours shouldnot be permitted to access. Clean boots, clothing and head covershould be provided for everyone working on or visiting the farm.Clean foot baths containing disinfectant should be placed outsidethe entries to all poultry houses. If possible, avoid using outsidecrews or equipment for vaccination, moving, and beak treatment.Ideally, workers should be limited to a single house. The number offlocks visited in a single day should be limited and the progressionshould be from younger to older flocks and from healthy to sickflocks. After visiting a sick flock, no other flock should be visited.Farm Assurance schemes usually require you to have a plan in placedescribing what biosecurity precautions you follow.The removal of old hens from the farm is a time when disease canbe introduced. The vehicles and crew used to transport old henshave often visited other farms. A plan should be developed tominimize the biosecurity risk during times outside crews or equipmentare needed for vaccination, moving pullets, and beak treatment.A single-age growing farm using the all-in/all-out principal is best.This will prevent the transmission of disease from older flocksto younger, susceptible flocks. All houses should be designed toprevent exposure of the flock to wild birds.Rodents are known carriers of many poultry diseases and they arethe most common reason for re-contamination of a cleaned anddisinfected poultry facility. They are also responsible for house tohouse spread of disease on a farm. The farm should be free ofdebris and tall grass that might provide cover for rodents. Theperimeter of the house should have a 1m area of crushed concreteor stone to prevent rodents burrowing under the houses. Feed andeggs should be stored in rodent-proof areas. Bait stations should beplaced throughout the house and maintained with fresh rodenticide.Cleaning and disinfection of the house between flocks serves toreduce the likelihood of infection pressure for a new incomingflock. Organic matter should be removed by high pressure sprayingwith warm water containing a detergent/disinfectant. Allow timefor the detergent to soak. After drying, the house should be disinfectedor fumigated and allowed to dry again before repopulatingwith birds.SanitationCleanliness, sanitation and strict traffic control are the most effectiveand least expensive tools in a disease prevention program. Physicalremoval of all litter, manure, dust feathers and other poultry debristo a spot remote from the poultry house is the first step in an efficientclean-cut program.An effective sanitation program must include removal, dismantlingand disinfecting all equipment in the house, before the house itselfis cleaned and disinfected. High pressure sprayers and an effectivedisinfectant are necessities for eliminating disease carry over. Thismust be supplemented by a rodent and insect control program.These efforts must be continued for maximum effect.After housing the flock, dead birds must be removed and incinerateddaily. Rubbish and debris should be moved out on a regular basisand not allowed to accumulate.Traffic ControlFoot and vehicular traffic threaten constant import of diseaseorganisms. Locked doors and a policy of no visitors is advisable.When it becomes necessary to permit entrance to visitors, cleandisinfected footwear and outer garments should be provided. Feedand egg trucks and their drivers, must be isolated from the bird area.Portable equipment should be confined to as few houses as possibleand should be cleaned and disinfected when transported betweenhouses.Vertically Transmitted DiseasesSome diseases are known to be transmitted from infected breedersto their progeny. This requires the production and maintenance ofdisease-free breeders as a first step in the control of these diseases,at the commercial level. All breeders directly under Hy-Line’s controlare free of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae,S. pullorum, S. galinarum (Typhoid), S. enteritidis, and lymphoidleukosis. Due to the possibility of horizontal transmission of any ofthese diseases, later generations may not remain free. It is theresponsibility of the breeding stock and commercial flock owner toprevent horizontal transmission of these diseases and continuetesting to be assured of a negative status.Vaccination ProgrammesVaccination programs need to be individually designed withconsideration for maternal immunities of the chicks, diseaseexposures expected, vaccines available, routes of administrationpreferred and planned use of inactivated injectable vaccine.Because of the extreme variability of these factors among producersworldwide, we cannot recommend one program which would besatisfactory for all. We therefore recommend that you consult yourVeterinary Adviser on a program suitable for your particularcircumstances.Heating the house during washing improves the removal of organicmatter. Wash all surfaces within the house including air inlets, fanhousing, fan blades and fan louvres. Flush and sanitise the waterlines.All feed and manure should be removed from the house beforecleaning. Allow a minimum of two weeks down time between flocks.Monitoring of poultry houses for the presence of pathogenic speciesof Salmonella, particularly Salmonella enteritidis, is recommended.This can be done by routine testing of the environment using largesponge swabs. Except for small non-commercial flocks, all layersmust be monitored for Salmonella using boot swabs every 15 weeksin lay beginning at 22-26 weeks of age.Commercial Management Guide 9

External parasitesRed mite/ Northern fowl miteRed mite is a cause of increasing problems in layers, both free range and in colony systems. It is particularly severe in the summermonths when the weather is warm and mites are able to multiply quickly. Even light infestations can irritate the birds leading to poorperformance and feed intake, and in more severe cases infestations can lead to some or all of the following:• Mites irritate the birds and can make the flock unsettled and nervous.• The incidence of peritonitis may increase and there may be increased vent pecking.• Feed intake may be depressed.• Heavy mite infestation can depress egg production by up to 5%.• Heavy infestation will cause birds to become anaemic due to blood loss. These birds will be evident in the flock by their pale combs.If severely affected, mortality may increase.• There may be loss of shell or yolk colour and, with heavy infestations of red mite, there will be evidence of mites and mite faeces oneggs and egg belts, which may lead to downgrading of speckled eggs.• There may be an increase in floor eggs as birds will be reluctant to use heavily infested nests.• Where there are heavy mite infestations, egg collectors may experience skin irritation.Lighting programsEgg production is very closely related to changes in day length towhich the pullets are exposed. Egg numbers, egg size, livability andtotal profitability can be favourably influenced by a proper lightingprogram.1. Start pullets with 20-22 hours of light the first week at 20 luxintensity. Reduce light to 18 hours the second week. Thefollowing weeks, reduce light duration to reach 10-12 hoursday length by 7-9 weeks of age or in open houses, the longestnatural day length between 6 and 17 weeks of age.2. Provide the light stimulation when body weight is 1.50 kg,80% uniformity. The initial increase should be one hour or less.Increase light by 15-30 minutes per week or biweekly until 16hours of light is reached. Preferably the period of stimulationshould last until 28-32 weeks of age. Light intensity shouldalso be increased at housing to 10-20 lux.3. Allow no decrease in day length or light intensity in adult layers.Local sunrise-sunset timetables should be obtained to accuratelydesign individual programs. Guidelines are as follows:1. Light-controlled growing to light-controlled laying:a. Step-down day length from 20-22 hours the first week to 10hours by 7-9 weeks of age. Then maintain a constant day lengthto 17 weeks.b. Increase day length 1 hour at 1.50 kg, min 80% uniformity. Add15-30 minutes per week until 16 hours total light is reached.2. Light-controlled growing to open or brownout laying:a. Step-down day length from 20-22 hours the first week to 10hours by 7-9 weeks of age, or one hour less than natural daylength at 17 weeks of age.b. Increase to natural day length or a minimum increase of 1 hourat 1.50 kg, min 80% uniformity. Add 15-30 minutes per weekbiweekly until 16 hours total light, or at least the longest naturalday length of the year.3. Open or brownout growing to light-controlled laying:a. Step-down day length from 20-22 hours the first week to 10hours by 7-9 weeks of age or, if longer, the longest natural daylength between 6 and 17 weeks of age.b. Increase day length one hour at 1.50 kg, min 80% uniformity.Add 15-30 minutes per week or every 2 weeks until 16 hoursof total light is reached.4. Open brownout growing to open or brownout laying:a. Step-down day length from 20-22 hours the first week to 10hours by 7-9 weeks of age or the longest natural day lengthbetween 6 and 17 weeks of age.b. Increase one hour at 1.50 kg, min 80% uniformity. Add 15-30minutes per week or every 2 weeks until 16 hours of total light isreached, or at least the longest natural day length of year.Timing of light StimulationOnset of sexual maturity or egg production generally depends onfour requirements:1. A minimum chronological age which is genetically determined(18 weeks).2. A minimum body weight (1.50 kg) min 80% uniformity.3. A nutrient intake to support production.4. A constant or increasing day length of at least 12 hours.Light stimulation should not be provided until flocks reach theoptimum body weight of 1.50 kg min 80% uniformity. Flocks whichare light stimulated into production at lower body weights willlikely produce below normal egg size and suffer from reduced peakproduction and post peak drops in production.Timing of light stimulation can be used as a tool to help attaindesired egg size. In general, earlier light stimulation will result in afew more eggs per hen, but at a trade-off for slightly reduced eggsize. Later light stimulation will result in a few less total eggs, but aslightly larger egg size earlier in production. In this way, lightingprograms can be customized to best meet the egg size demand ofa particular market.Midnight feedingAn optional lighting technique that will promote more feed consumptionis the ‘midnight feeding’. The technique involves turningthe lights on for 1 hour in the middle of the dark period and runningthe feeders during this time. For a typical layer lighting programwith 16 hours of light and 8 hours dark, the night would consist of3.5 hours of darkness, one hour of light, and 3.5 hours of darkness.The regular 16 hour light period should not be changed. The hourof light can be added all at once, but if it is removed at a later time,that should be done gradually, at the rate of 15 minutes per week.Midnight feeding will generally increase feed intake about 2-5 g/dayper bird (0.4-1.0 lb/day per100 birds). The technique is applicablefor heat stress conditions, or any time more feed intake is desired ineither growing or laying flocks.Planning Individual Light ProgramsWhen open-type houses are used, which allow natural daylightto affect the flock, the lighting program must be planned in conjunctionwith changes in the natural day length. Because no twoplaces have the same sunrise-sunset times year-round, it isimpractical to suggest time clock settings that would apply to alllocations. To prevent early sexual development, find the natural daylength at 17 weeks of age and hold that day length constant withartificial lights from 8 to 17 weeks .For the most precise planning, custom lighting programsfor any location worldwide are available on the Hy-Linewebsite (www.hyline.com).Commercial Management Guide 10

Table 10 | Recommended lighting programs - Light controlled housingAGE( WEEKS)AGE( DAYS)EARLY MATURITYCAGE REARED(HOURS)DELAYED MATURITYCAGE REARED(HOURS)LIGHT INTENSITY(LUX)1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132330-78-1415-2122-2829-3536-4243-4950-5657-6364-7071-7778-8485-9192-9899-105106-112113-119120-126127-133134-140141-147148-154155-161162-168169-175176-182183-189190-196197-203204-210211-217218-224225-2312017141110101010101010101010101010111212.51313.51414.2514.514.751515.2515.515.7516161620181614121010101010101010101010101010111212.51313.51414.2514.514.751515.2515.515.751620151515151515151515151515151510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-1510-15It is very important on transfer into laying quarters that light intensity is compatible with rearing house.The recommendation on light intensity is only a guide, as wide variations will be seen in some cage laying systems.It is important the Hy-Line Brown does not have a large light increase at any one time, because this could result in an over consumptionof feed and may cause EODES, (Erratic Ovulation and Defective Egg Syndrome).Gradual light increases during peak help maintain the high levels of the two hormones - Luteinizing Hormone and theFollicle Stimulating Hormone.If additional egg weight is required, the ‘delayed lighting’ program should be used. This will delay maturity by approximately 7 daysbut egg weight will be increased. In addition light stimulation should not be introduced until body weight has reached 1500g.Reduce light intensity if and when necessary. Ensure all birds have equal light intensity.Commercial Management Guide 11

Table 11 | Recommended lighting programs - Natural ventilated housingAGE( WEEKS)AGE( DAYS)ALTERNATIVESYSTEMS FOREARLY MATURITY(HOURS)ALTERNATIVESYSTEMS FORDELAYED MATURITY(HOURS)NATURALVENTILATED ANDOPEN HOUSESLIGHT INTENSITY(LUX)10-72222222028-1419202018315-2116181815422-2814161615529-3512141515636-4210121415743-4910111315850-5610101215957-63101012151064-70101012151171-77101012151278-84101012151385-91101012151492-9810101215-201599-10510101215-2016106-11211101215-2017113-1191210132018120-12612.511142019127-133131214.52020134-14013.512.5152021141-147141315.52022148-15414.513.5162023155-16115141615-2024162-16815.514.51615-2025169-17516151615-2026176-1821615.51615-2027183-18916161615-2028190-19616161615-20Gradual increase in light intensity during peak helps to maintain the high levels of luteinising hormone and the folliclestimulatinghormone.Please note: Light intensity can be gradually reduced over the slat/perch area once the initial training period has beencompleted, i.e. 22-23 weeks.If additional egg weight is required, the ‘delayed lighting’ program should be used. This will delay maturity by approximately7 days but egg weight will be increased. In addition light stimulation should not be introduced until body weight has reached1500g. Most importantly, uniformity of the flock is a minimum of 80%.Commercial Management Guide 12

Nutritional recommendationsTable 12 | Growing period nutritional recommendationsSTARTER GROWER DEVELOPER PRE-LAYERFeed to a body weight of (gms) - Cage Reared500117013701490Feed to a body weight of (gms) - Floor Reared480105012901430Age (weeks) approximate0-6 weeks7-12 weeks13-15 weeks16-17 weeksMetabolisable energy kcal/kg2900285027502775Metabolisable energy mj/kg12.1411.9311.5111.61Minimum recommended concentrationStandardised (true) ileal digestible amino-acidsLysine, %0.950.800.650.70Methionine, %0.430.380.310.34Methionine+cystine, %0.730.650.570.63Threonine, %0.610.540.440.48Tryptophan, %0.180.170.140.15Arginine, %1.010.860.700.75Isoleucine, %0.670.590.490.56Valine, %0.690.620.520.60Total amino acids3Lysine, %1.040.880.710.77Methionine, %0.470.400.330.37Methionine+cystine, %0.820.730.650.71Threonine, %0.720.630.520.57Tryptophan, %0.210.200.170.18Arginine, %1.090.920.750.81Isoleucine, %0.730.640.520.60Valine, %0.760.690.570.66Crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25), 3%19.5017.5016.016.50Calcium, 4%1.001.001.402.50Phosphorus (available), %0.450.430.450.48Sodium, %0.180.170.180.18Chloride, %0.180.170.180.18Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), %1.001.001.001.003 The minimum recommendations for total amino-acids and crude protein are only appropriate with a corn and soybean meal diet; please formulatethe diet on a digestible amino-acid basis instead if alternative ingredients are used.4 Calcium should be supplied as a fine calcium carbonate source (mean particle size less than 2mm).Commercial Management Guide 13

Nutritional recommendationsTable 13 | Laying period nutritional recommendationsITEMEARLY LAY96% - 89%POL - 50 WeeksMID LAY88% - 85%51 - 60 weeksLATE LAY84% 61 WeeksSuggested ME280027752750Suggested ME11.7211.6111.51Minimum Amino Acid in Feed %Standardized (true) ileal digestible amino acidsLysine, %Methionine, %Methionine+cystine, %Threonine, %Tryptophan, %Arginine, %Isoleucine, %Valine, %Total amino acids 30.890.440.750.630.190.960.710.810.800.390.690.560.170.780.630.650.710.350.610.500.150.750.560.63Lysine, %Methionine,%Methionine+cystine, %Threonine, %Tryptophan, %Arginine, %Isoleucine, %Valine, %Crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25), %Calcium, 4 %Phosphorus (available), %Crude fibre,%Sodium, %Chloride, %Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), %Choline, mg/kg0.980.470.850.740.221.030.760.8917.94.200.463.000.190.191.20105.30.880.420.780.660.200.840.680.7215.04.300.363.300.160.161.1093.50.780.370.690.590.170.810.610.7014.14.400.333.500.170.171.1090.91 Consumption of crude protein, methionine+cystine, fat, linoleic acid, and/or energy may be changed to optimize egg size.2 The daily feed intake will vary with house environment and ambient temperature. Figures are a guide only.3 Total amino-acids are only appropriate with a corn and soybean diet; please formulate the diet on digestible amino-acid basis if a substantialamount of other protein-supplying ingredients are used.4 Approximately 65% of the added calcium carbonate (limestone) should be in particle sizes of 2-4mm.Commercial Management Guide 14

Rearing periodTable 14 | Expected feed consumptionTable 15 | Rearing period bodyweight targetsWeeksof age1234567891011121314151617FLOORREARINGGramsper day1319242934374248556165707377788081Gramscumulative91224392595833109213861722210725342989347939904529507556356202CAGEREARINGGramsper day1018212730364043495458626568707577Gramscumulative7019634353274299412741575191822962702313635914067455750825621Weeksof age1234567891011121314151617FLOORREARINGBody weight (g)70120190280380480580680770870960105011301210129013601430CAGEREARINGBody weight (g)701202002803905006207508609701080117012501310137014301490Water consumptionWater is the most important nutrient, and good-quality water must be available to the birds at all times. Drinking water should only berestricted during the process of vaccinating the birds. Water and feed consumption are directly related: When birds drink less, theyconsume less feed and production quickly declines. As a general rule, healthy birds will consume twice as much water as feed. In someinstances high ambient temperatures, or differing concentrations of minerals (e.g.sodium) may give rise to additional water consumption.Weeksof age1234567891011Table 16 | Guide to water consumptionLitres per 1000 birdsper day111927384757688095102108Weeksof age121314151617181920Laying (Nipple drinkers with drip trough)Water consumed will vary due to factors, such as ie. vaccination program, time of year.Litres per 1000 birdsper dayThe data in this publication is based on selected field and test results. It is reproduced here only to show the performance capability under carefully controlledconditions and in no way constitutes a warranty or guarantee and should not be relied upon for the fact that equal or similar performance will be achieved.113118131136142145149158167208Commercial Management Guide 15

Monitoring body weightsBody weights should be monitored weekly up to 35 weeks of age and thereafter every three weeks. Around 60 -100 birds should beweighed individually using a scale with increments no larger than 20g. It is critical to weigh birds prior to scheduled feed change. If aflock is below target for body weight it should remain on a high energy diet until the target weight is reached.In addition to body-weight averages, the uniformity of the body weights within the flock is an indicator of flock development. Uniformityis expressed as a percentage of the bird’s bodyweight that falls within plus or minus +10% of any given weight. Ideally prior to P.O.L., flocksshould have a minimum uniformity of 80%.Factors that can adversely affect body weight are chick quality, poor beak treatment, inadequate nutrition, water intake, over-crowding anddisease. Weighing at frequent intervals will help to identify when the flock is deviating from its expected performance target, thus enablingyou to take corrective action as required.Variability between individual birds within a flockUniformity of individual birds is important as well as appropriate average flock weights. A desirable goal is for 80% of birds to fall within10% of the mean. That is, if the average flock weight at 18 weeks is 1480 grams, 80 % of all birds should weight between 1330 and 1630grams. Graph individual bird weights to be sure there is a bell shaped or “normal” distribution as shown in Figure 2. To evaluate uniformity,at least 100 birds should be weighed.Figure 2 | Normal distribution of body weights80% OF THE BIRDS1180 1230 1280 1330 1380 1430 1480 1530 1580 1630 1680 17301780-10% ofthe mean+10% ofthe meanCommercial Management Guide 16

Variability and coefficient of variation betweenindividual birds within a flockThe uniformity of individual birds is just as important as theappropriate average flock weight for age. A desirable goal is for80% of birds to fall within +10% of the target weight. For example,if a flock average weight at 18 weeks is 1470g, 80% of all birdsshould weigh between 1320g and 1620g. Record individual bodyweights to ensure a bell shaped or ‘normal’ distribution as shown inFigure 2.Coefficient of variationThe coefficient of variation (CV%) is a mathematical method ofexpressing the uniformity or evenness of a flock. The precisemethod of calculation is as follows:-Standard Deviation______________________________ x 100 = CV%Average WeightStandard deviation may be calculated using an electroniccalculator, or from electronic scales. In the absence of an electriccalculator the following formula can be used to estimate CV%Weight Range x 100______________________________ = CV%Average Weight x FRange is defined as the difference in weight between the heaviestand the lightest birds. F is a constant and depends on the size ofthe sample.One method of calculation should be used consistently throughoutthe rearing period, because the numerical result obtained will differslightly depending on the method used.Table 17 | Sample size and F valuesSAMPLE SIZE F VALUE SAMPLE SIZE F VALUE253035404550553.944.094.204.304.404.504.577580859095100>1504.814.874.904.944.985.025.03Table 18 | Relationship between CV%and+10% of average weight of populationswith a normal weight distributionCV%5678910111213141516% UNIFORMITY+/- 10%95.490.484.778.873.368.363.758.255.852.049.546.8A second method of measuring evenness is to express it in terms ofpercentage of birds within the range of the average weight, +10%.Whilst this method gives an accurate indication of the number ofbirds close to the given weight it does not, unlike the CV%, takeinto account the very light and heavy birds. Table 10 illustrates theapproximate relationship between CV% and +10% of the averageweight in populations with a normal (i.e. bell-shaped) weightdistribution.Commercial Management Guide 17

Table 19 | Hy-Line Brown performance - For Intensive systemsIntensive Systems 18AGEINWEEKSMORTALITYCUM.%BODYWEIGHT(kg)AVERAGEEGGWEIGHT*(g/EGG)FEEDCONSUMPTIONg/DAYPER BIRDHENHOUSEDEGG MASSCUM. (kg)UNDER OPTCONDITIONSUNDER OPTCONDITIONSUNDER AVGCONDITIONSUNDER AVGCONDITIONSUNDER OPTCONDITIONSUNDER AVGCONDITIONS% HEN DAY CURRENT HEN DAY EGGS CUMULATIVE HEN HOUSE EGGS CUMULATIVEHAUGHUNITSSHELLCOLOUREGG QUALITYBREAKINGSTRENGTH181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980916497289939696969696969595959494949393939392929191919090898989888888878787868686868585848483838282818180807978787777767575740.61.85.210.216.523.029.736.443.149.856.663.369.976.683.289.896.4103.0109.5116.0122.5129.0135.5141.9148.3154.6161.0167.3173.6179.8186.1192.3198.5204.6210.8216.9223.0229.0235.1241.1247.1253.1259.1265.0270.9276.8282.6288.4294.1299.9305.6311.2316.8322.4328.0333.4338.9344.3349.7355.0360.2365.5370.79090898989898988888888888888888888878787878787878787878787878786868686868686858585858584848483838382828281818180808080808080800.21.03.27.813.219.325.832.338.945.452.058.665.271.778.284.791.297.7104.1110.5116.9123.3129.6135.9142.2148.6154.9161.2167.5173.8180.0186.3192.4198.6204.7210.8216.9222.9228.9234.9240.8246.8252.6258.5264.3270.1275.9281.7287.4293.1298.8304.4310.0315.6321.1326.6331.9337.3342.6347.8353.0358.2363.40.61.75.210.216.422.929.636.343.049.656.363.069.676.282.889.395.8102.3108.7115.2121.6128.0134.4140.7147.0153.2159.5165.7171.8177.9184.0190.1196.1202.1208.1214.0220.0225.9231.7237.5243.4249.2254.9260.6266.3272.0277.5283.1288.6294.1299.5304.9310.2315.6320.8326.0331.2336.3341.4346.4351.3356.3361.10.21.03.27.813.219.325.832.238.745.251.858.364.871.377.884.290.697.0103.4109.7116.0122.3128.6134.8141.0147.2153.4159.6165.8171.9178.0184.1190.1196.1202.1208.0213.9219.7225.6231.3237.1242.8248.5254.2259.8265.4270.9276.4281.9287.4292.8298.2303.5308.8314.0319.2324.3329.3334.4339.3344.2349.1353.91.541.601.651.721.781.801.841.851.861.881.891.901.901.901.911.911.911.911.921.921.921.931.931.931.941.941.941.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.951.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.961.971.971.971.971.971.971.971.971.971.971.9750.050.651.253.254.455.556.657.758.558.959.860.261.261.461.662.062.262.362.462.562.662.762.863.063.163.163.163.263.263.263.363.363.363.363.363.463.463.463.463.563.563.563.663.663.763.763.863.863.963.964.064.064.164.164.264.264.364.364.464.464.564.564.698.298.097.897.297.096.596.095.595.194.794.293.793.392.892.292.091.591.190.690.490.089.689.388.988.588.087.887.487.186.786.486.185.685.085.084.884.684.384.083.883.182.882.682.482.282.081.981.881.681.581.581.381.181.181.080.980.880.780.580.480.280.180.0462046104605459545904585458045754570456545604550454045254515450544904475445044404425441544054390437543654355434043204310430542954280426542504240422542104190418041704160415041404130412041104095408040704060405040404030402040104000399539903985398039753970311326578879393939494949493939393929292919191909090909090908989888887878786868585858484838383828281818180797978777676757474740.00.00.20.40.71.01.41.82.22.52.93.33.74.14.54.95.35.76.16.56.97.37.78.18.58.99.39.710.010.410.811.211.612.012.312.713.113.513.814.214.614.915.315.616.016.416.717.117.417.818.118.518.819.119.519.820.120.520.821.121.421.722.0* Egg weights after 40 weeks of age assume phase feeding of protein to limit egg size. © Copyright 2011 Hy-Line International0.00.10.10.20.30.30.40.40.50.60.60.70.70.80.90.91.01.11.11.21.31.41.51.51.61.71.81.92.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.93.03.13.33.43.53.63.73.94.04.14.24.34.54.64.74.85.05.15.25.45.55.75.86.06.17880899396100103104105106108108108109109110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110109109109109109109109109109109109109109109109Hy-Line Brown - Intensive systemPerformance Standards-2011

Alternative Systems 19Table 20 | Hy-Line Brown performance - For Alternative systemsAGEINWEEKSMORTALITYCUM.%BODYWEIGHT(kg)AVERAGEEGGWEIGHT*(g/EGG)FEEDCONSUMPTIONg/DAYPER BIRDHENHOUSEDEGG MASSCUM. (kg)UNDER OPTCONDITIONSUNDER OPTCONDITIONSUNDER AVGCONDITIONSUNDER AVGCONDITIONSUNDER OPTCONDITIONSUNDER AVGCONDITIONS% HEN DAY CURRENT HEN DAY EGGS CUMULATIVE HEN HOUSE EGGS CUMULATIVEHAUGHUNITSSHELLCOLOUREGG QUALITYBREAKINGSTRENGTH* Egg weights after 40 weeks of age assume phase feeding of protein to limit egg size. This page was last updated December 2011Hy-Line Brown - Alternative systemPerformance Standards-201118192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798009317190929494959595959595959595949494949493939393929292919191909090898988888887878686858584838382828180807979787777767575740.00.62.87.814.120.527.133.740.347.053.660.366.973.680.286.993.5100.1106.7113.3119.8126.4132.9139.4146.0152.5158.9165.3171.8178.2184.5190.9197.2203.5209.8216.0222.3228.4234.6240.7246.8252.9258.9265.0270.9276.9282.7288.5294.4300.1305.8311.5317.1322.7328.2333.8339.2344.6350.0355.3360.6365.8371.09090898989898988888888888888888888878787878787878787878787878786868686868686858585858584848483838382828281818180808080808080800.00.10.83.17.112.218.024.330.737.143.650.156.663.169.576.082.388.795.1101.4107.8114.2120.5126.8133.1139.3145.5151.7157.9164.0170.1176.2182.2188.2194.3200.2206.2212.0217.9223.8229.6235.4241.2246.9252.6258.3264.0269.6275.2280.8286.3291.8297.3302.8308.1313.5318.9324.2329.4334.6339.8344.9350.00.00.62.87.814.020.527.033.640.246.853.460.066.673.279.886.492.999.4106.0112.4118.9125.4131.8138.2144.6151.0157.4163.7170.0176.2182.5188.7194.8201.0207.1213.2219.2225.2231.2237.1243.0248.9254.7260.5266.2272.0277.6283.2288.7294.2299.7305.1310.4315.8321.0326.3331.4336.5341.6346.7351.6356.5361.40.00.10.83.17.112.217.924.230.536.943.449.956.362.769.175.581.888.194.4100.7107.0113.2119.4125.6131.8138.0144.1150.1156.2162.2168.1174.1180.0185.8191.7197.5203.3209.0214.7220.4226.0231.6237.1242.7248.2253.6259.1264.4269.8275.2280.4285.7290.9296.1301.2306.3311.4316.4321.4326.3331.1335.9340.71.501.571.611.641.741.781.801.811.821.831.841.851.861.861.871.871.881.881.891.891.901.901.911.911.911.921.921.921.931.931.931.941.941.941.951.951.951.961.961.961.971.971.971.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.981.980.00.00.00.20.40.71.01.41.72.12.52.93.33.64.04.44.85.25.66.06.46.87.27.68.08.48.79.19.59.910.310.711.011.411.812.212.512.913.313.614.014.414.715.115.415.816.216.516.917.217.617.918.318.618.919.319.620.020.320.620.921.321.698.298.097.897.297.096.596.095.595.194.794.293.793.392.892.292.091.591.190.690.490.089.689.388.988.588.087.887.487.186.786.486.185.685.085.084.884.684.384.083.883.182.882.682.482.282.081.981.881.681.581.581.381.181.181.080.980.880.780.580.480.280.180.046204610460545954590458545804575457045654560455045404525451545054490447544504440442544154405439043754365435543404320431043054295428042654250424042254210419041804170416041504140413041204110409540804070406040504040403040204010400039953990398539803975397001113258728390919293939392929291919191919190909089898888888787868686858584848483838282828181808080797978787777767675747473730.00.10.10.20.30.30.40.40.50.60.60.70.70.80.90.91.01.11.11.21.31.41.51.51.61.71.81.92.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.93.03.13.33.43.53.63.73.94.04.14.24.34.54.64.74.85.05.15.25.45.55.75.86.06.150.050.651.253.254.455.556.657.758.558.758.959.860.261.261.461.662.062.262.462.662.863.063.163.263.363.463.563.663.763.863.964.064.164.264.364.464.564.664.764.864.965.065.165.265.365.465.565.665.765.865.966.066.166.266.366.466.566.666.766.866.967.067.07880899396100103104105106108108108109109111111112112114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114114

Hy-Line Brown performance graph 2011KilogramsTable 21 | Hy-Line Brown performance graphHen-day egg production (%)Egg weight (g)Body weight (g)10095908580757065605550454035302520151050Mortality (%)15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80Age ( weeks)5.04.84.64.44.24.03.83.63.43.23.02.82.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.0Percent or gramsCommercial Management Guide 20

Hy-Line Brown egg size distribution - Intensive systemsTable 22 | Hy-Line Brown egg size distribution - Intensive systemsEgg Size Distribution - E.U. StandardsAge inWeeksAverageEgg Weight (g)Very LargeOver 73gLarge63-73gMedium53-63gSmall43-53g2051.20.00.534.365.22254.40.03.757.838.52456.60.110.465.524.02658.50.421.164.813.72859.80.626.762.710.03061.21.235.357.85.73261.61.337.756.84.33462.21.442.153.53.03662.41.443.652.22.83862.61.545.351.12.24062.81.746.749.62.14263.12.048.747.42.04463.12.248.947.02.04663.22.349.446.42.04863.32.649.546.02.05063.32.649.845.62.05263.32.949.945.22.05463.43.050.244.82.05663.43.250.344.42.05863.53.450.544.12.06063.63.850.743.52.06263.74.051.442.72.06463.84.151.941.92.06663.94.652.041.42.06864.04.852.141.12.07064.15.352.640.12.07264.25.553.239.32.07464.35.753.338.92.07664.46.253.638.21.97864.56.554.137.51.98064.67.054.336.91.9This page was last updated December 2011© Copyright 2011 Hy-Line InternationalCommercial Management Guide 21

Hy-Line Brown egg size distribution - Alternative systemsTable 23 | Hy-Line Brown egg size distribution - Alternative systemsEgg Size Distribution - E.U. StandardsAge inWeeksAverageEgg Weight (g)Very LargeOver 73gLarge63-73gMedium53-63gSmall43-53g2051.20.00.534.365.22254.40.03.757.838.52456.60.110.465.524.02658.50.319.565.215.02858.90.421.664.813.33060.20.728.862.28.33261.41.036.457.94.73462.01.240.754.83.33662.41.543.652.12.83862.81.546.849.81.94063.12.048.947.41.84263.32.250.345.91.64463.52.651.444.31.64663.72.952.842.91.54863.93.453.741.41.55064.13.855.040.01.35264.34.455.738.61.35464.54.856.837.21.25664.75.557.336.01.25864.96.058.334.61.16065.16.858.733.51.16265.37.359.532.21.06465.57.960.031.11.06665.78.860.329.90.96865.99.460.928.70.97066.110.561.127.70.87266.311.261.426.70.87466.511.961.625.70.87666.713.061.724.60.77866.913.861.923.70.78067.014.662.122.60.7This page was last updated December 2011© Copyright 2011 Hy-Line InternationalCommercial Management Guide 22

Commercial Management Guide 23

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