Maize-rice cropping systems in Bangladesh - Search CIMMYT ...

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Maize-rice cropping systems in Bangladesh: Status and research needsThe dominant drivers for the increased adoptionand production of maize in Bangladesh are economic.The grain market is strong and recent (2000-2006)financial comparisons with boro rice and with wheatshow maize to be by far the most profitable crop.Investments per ha in maize are approximately Taka35000, with a profit of Taka 49000 per ha, comparedwith Taka 20680 for wheat. These detailedcomparisons have been limited to Rangpur andDinajpur where wheat performs well, but initialestimates for other areas are similar.Although it is established in recent years thatreturns for maize are higher than other cereals likewheat and boro rice, input cost and output dynamicscan change quickly. For example, shifts are underwayin 2008-2009 that may undermine the financialdominance of maize. These include rises in fertilizerprice raising input costs, increasingly serious bird fluoutbreaks reducing maize grain demand by poultryindustries, decreasing the price of maize grain, andwheat grain prices rising internationally and locally.Local market prices of wheat grain rose strongly in thesecond half of 2007 throughout 2008, reflectinginternational increases.Thus there is need for more work on theeconomics of maize. Surveys of farmers are needed toidentify the costs of production and returns to scarceresources under a variety of production systems, assessrelative financial returns from maize systems and toidentify interventions that improve the profitability ofmaize. There is need for more widespread andup-to-date financial assessments with other cereals andother competing crops, factoring in price trends andrisks such as those posed by bird flu. Results from thesewill be important for policy decision making on cropsupport and assessments of the impact that maize ishaving on livelihood improvement in the country.Flexible responsive financial analysis models shouldbe developed and maintained to better inform farmdecision making and central Government policy issueson imports and support to local maize and riceproduction.8. ConclusionHybrid maize is an emerging high value cerealcrop in Bangladesh, grown in intensive M-R croppingsystems, and having among the highest average farmyields (5.7 t·ha -1 ) found in Asia. Economically, hybridmaize is far more profitable than boro rice, and wheat,or most other competing winter season Rabi crops. It ispredicted that over the near future its expansion wouldcontinue to increase at about 15% per year. A boomingpoultry industry is the key driver behind the expansionof maize for the supply of feed, albeit with temporarysetbacks from Avian flu. In future, alternative uses ofmaize may increase. Maize-T. Aman rice is the majorcropping system; however it is now becomingdiversified with many other crops, including potato.Maize is relatively problem-free in Bangladesh, butsome constraints are intensifying with increasedconcern over input supply and soil relatedenvironmental sustainability. An array of newtechnologies for sustainable intensive M-R productionsystem is emerging in Bangladesh and some are beingpromoted and adopted. However, the sustainability ofM-R production system in Bangladesh depends onoptimization of planting time, quality seed ofappropriate hybrids, balanced nutrient managementalong with soil fertility conservation and othermanagement, for which further research would be ahigh priority.References:[1] Ahmed, J. and S. M. Elias. Socio-economic study of wintermaize in some selected areas of Bangladesh. Journal ofRural Development (Bangladesh), 1988, 18: 60-68.[2] Alam, M. M., M. M. Basher, A. Karim, et al. Effect of rateof nitrogen fertilizer and population density on the yieldand yield attributes of maize (Zea mays) (in Bangladesh).Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2003, 6:1770-1773.[3] Waddington, S. R., N. E-Elahi and F. Khatun. TheExpansion of Rice-maize Systems in Bangladesh. InvitedOral Presentation in the Symposium on Emerging52
Maize-rice cropping systems in Bangladesh: Status and research needsRice-Maize Systems in Asia. ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2006International Annual Meetings, 12-16 November 2006,Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.[4] Waddington, S. R., F. Khatun, N. E-Elahi, et al. Maize inBangladesh. Presentation at the Rice-Wheat Consortiumfor the Indo-Gangetic Plains 14th Regional TechnicalCoordination Committee Meeting, February 14-15, 2007,Kathmandu, Nepal.[5] CIMMYT Office in Bangladesh. Maize whole familytraining. In: Food Security in Bangladesh: ImprovingWheat, Maize and Papaya Production and Impacts ofArsenic Contamination. Project Annual Report for2004-2005: 45-66.[6] CIMMYT Office in Bangladesh. Maize whole familytraining. In: Food Security in Bangladesh: ImprovingWheat, Maize and Papaya Production and Impacts ofArsenic Contamination. Project Annual Report for2005-2006: 31-44.[7] Hasan, M. M., S. R. Waddington, M. E. Haque, et al.Contribution of whole family training to increasedproduction of maize in Bangladesh. ProgressiveAgriculture (Bangladesh), 2007, 18(1): 267-281.[8] Sarkar, R. K., A. Chakraborty and B. Bala. Effect ofalternative cropping systems on yield and advantage indirect seeded upland rice areas in Indian sub-tropics.Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 1998, 180(1): 1-6.[9] Ali, M. Y. Rice-maize systems in Bangladesh. Invited OralPresentation in the Workshop on Assessing the Potential ofRice-Maize Systems in Asia. IRRI-CIMMYT AllianceProgram for Intensive Production Systems in Asia, heldDecember 4-8, 2006, IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines.[10] Pal, M. S. Alternative crop production strategies forrice-wheat cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic plainsof India. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture.2003, 43(6): 605-615.[11] OFRD (On-Farm Research Division) of BARI. AnnualReport for 2005-2006.[12] OFRD (On-Farm Research Division) of BARI. AnnualReport for 2006-2007.[13] Heikens, A., G. M. Panaullah and A. A. Meharg. Arsenicbehaviour from groundwater and soil to crops: Impacts onagriculture and food safety. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol,2007, 189: 43-87.[14] BARC (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council).Fertilizer Recommendation Guide. Dhaka, Bangladesh,2005.[15] Panaullah, G. M., J. Timsina, M. A., Saleque, M. Ishaque,et al. Nutrient uptake and apparent balances for rice-wheatsequences: III. Potassium. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2006, 29(1): 173-187.[16] Saleque, M. A., J. Timsina, G. M. Panaullah, M. Ishaque,et al. Nutrient uptake and apparent balances for rice-wheatsequences: II. Phosphorus. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2006, 29(1): 157-172.[17] Timsina, J., G. M. Panaullah, M. A. Saleque, et al.Nutrient uptake and apparent balances for rice-wheatsequences: I. Nitrogen. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2006,29(1): 137-156.[18] Timsina, J., R. J. Buresh, A. Dobermann, et al. StrategicAssessment of Rice-maize Systems in Asia.IRRI-CIMMYT IPSA Publication. IRRI, Philippines,2008. (unpublished report)[19] Setty, R. A., K. M. Devaraju and S. Lingaraju. Responseof paddy to different sources and levels of nitrogen undertransplanted condition. Oryza, 1987, 24(4): 381-382.[20] Singh, B. K. and R. P. Singh. Effect of modified ureamaterials on rainfed and lowland transplanted rice andtheir residual effect on succeeding wheat crop. IndianJournal of Agronomy, 1986, 31(2): 198-200.[21] Hossain, M. A., Jahiruddin M., Islam M. R., et al. Therequirement of zinc for improvement of crop yield andmineral nutrition in the maize-mungbean-rice system.Plant and Soil, 2008, 306(1-2): 13-22.[22] Sarlangue, T., F. H. Andrade, P. A. Calvino, et al. Why domaize hybrids respond differently to variations in plantdensity? Agronomy Journal, 2007, 99: 984-991.[23] Ewards, J. T., L. C. Purcell and E. D. Vories. Lightinterception and yield of short-season maize hybrids. I. theMidsouth. Agronomy Journal, 2005, 97: 225-234.[24] Hossain, M. I., C. A. Meisner, M. A. Sufian, et al.Performance of power tiller operated seeder for wheatcultivation. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research,2002a, 27(3): 393-400.[25] Talukder, A. S. M. H. M., C. A. Meisner, M. E. Baksh, et al.Wheat-maize-rice cropping on permanent raised beds inBangladesh. In: Humphreys, E. and Roth C.H. (Eds.).Permanent Beds and Rice-residue Management forRice-wheat Systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Proceedingsof a Workshop Held in Ludhiana, India, September 7-9,2006. ACIAR Proceedings No. 127, 2008: 111-123.[26] Lauren, J. G., G. Shah, M. I. Hossain, et al. Research stationand on-farm experiences with permanent raised beds throughthe soil management collaborative research support program.In: Humphreys, E. and Roth C. H. (Eds.). Permanent Bedsand Rice-residue Management for Rice-wheat Systems in theIndo-Gangetic Plain. Proceedings of a Workshop Held inLudhiana, India, September 7-9, 2006. ACIAR ProceedingsNo. 127, 2008: 124-132.[27] Zaidi, P. H., S. Rafique, P. K. Rai, et al. Tolerance toexcess moisture in maize (Zea mays L.): Susceptible cropstages and identification of tolerant genotypes. FieldCrops Research, 2004, 90: 189-202.[28] Hossain, M. I., C. A. Meisner, M. H. Rashid, et al.Development and testing of power tiller operated bedplanter for upland crop establishment. Bangladesh Journalof Agricultural Research, 2004, 29(1): 29-36.[29] Hossain, M. I., M. A. Sufian, M. A. Z. Sarker, et al. Powertiller operated bed planter for improved crop establishment.Journal of Science and Technology, 2004, 2: 17-23.(Edited by August, Hellen and Pann)53
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