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<strong>RECENT</strong> <strong>RESEARCHES</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>ENERGY</strong>& <strong>ENVIRONMENT</strong>6th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on <strong>ENERGY</strong> &<strong>ENVIRONMENT</strong> (EE '11)Cambridge, UKFebruary 23-25, 2011Published by WSEAS Presswww.wseas.orgCopyright © 2011, by WSEAS PressAll the copyright of the present book belongs to the World Scientific and Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Academy andSociety Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored <strong>in</strong> a retrievalsystem, or transmitted <strong>in</strong> any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy<strong>in</strong>g, record<strong>in</strong>g, orotherwise, without the prior written permission of the Editor of World Scientific and Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Academyand Society Press.All papers of the present volume were peer reviewed by two <strong>in</strong>dependent reviewers. Acceptance wasgranted when both reviewers' recommendations were positive.See also: http://www.worldses.org/review/<strong>in</strong>dex.htmlISSN: 1792-8230ISBN: 978-960-474-274-5World Scientific and Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Academy and Society


Editors:Prof. Zoran Bojkovic, University of Belgrade, SERBIAProf. Jan<strong>us</strong>z Kacprzyk, International Fuzzy Systems Association, POLANDProf. Nikos Mastorakis, Technical University of Sofia, BULGARIAProf. Valeri Mladenov, Technical University of Sofia, BULGARIAProf. Roberto Revetria, University of Genoa, ITALYProf. Lotfi A. Zadeh, University of California, USAProf. Alexander Zemliak, Autonomo<strong>us</strong> University of Puebla, MEXICOAssociate Editors:Prof. Br<strong>in</strong>d<strong>us</strong>a Covaci, Center for Risk Studies <strong>in</strong> Economy and Social Sciences, AUSTRIAProf. Alexandru T. Bogdan, Romanian Academy, ROMANIAProf. George Lazaroiu, University Politehnica of Bucharest, ROMANIAInternational Program Committee Members:Sasa Saljnikov, SERBIA & MONTENEGROLajosz Barna, HUNGARYAndrej Krope, SLOVENIAT<strong>in</strong>a Krope, SLOVENIADanijela Dobersek, SLOVENIANicolas Abatzoglou, CANADABeghidja Abdelhadi, FRANCEWael Al-hasawi, KUWAITZakaria Al-Qodah, JORDANOmar Othman Badran, JORDANPandelis Biskas, GREECETomas Bodnar, CZECH REPUBLICLuis Borges, PORTUGALCorneliu Botan, ROMANIAArturo Bretas, BRAZILFernando Carapau, PORTUGALSombat Chuenchookl<strong>in</strong>, THAILANDPaulo Correia, PORTUGALAbdel-Karim Daud, ISRAELPaul Deur<strong>in</strong>g, FRANCEYue Dong, CHINAJassim Gaeb, JORDANMohamed Hassan, KUWAITIraj Hassanzadeh, IRANToshiaki Hishida, JAPANSeied Hosse<strong>in</strong>, Hosse<strong>in</strong>y IRANChun Chang Huang, CHINAPei-Hwa Huang, TAIWANNiranjan Kumar Injeti, INDIALucio Ippolito, ITALYJ. Janela, PORTUGALC.M. Kao, TAIWANSameer Khader, ISRAELStanislav Krasmar, CZECH REPUBLICRa<strong>in</strong>er Krebs, GERMANYPetr Kucera, CZECH REPUBLICSonia Leva, ITALYBugaru Mihai, ROMANIAEbrahim M<strong>us</strong>savi, IRANJiri Ne<strong>us</strong>tupa, CZECH REPUBLICPanos Papanicolaou, GREECEHassan Rahimzadeh, IRANDong-Hee Rhie, KOREANasredd<strong>in</strong>e Saadouli, KUWAITMaria Specovi<strong>us</strong>-Neugebauer, GERMANYFrank Stagnitti, AUSTRALIAMladen Stanojevic, SERBIA & MONTENEGROHeiki Tammoja, ESTONIAJuhan Valt<strong>in</strong>, ESTONIAWerner Varnhorn, GERMANYT.Y. Yeh, TAIWANRuey-Fang Yu, TAIWANChen Yuchen, CHINAMohamed Zahran, EGYPTJiri Zdenek, CZECH REPUBLICGaetano Zizzo, ITALYJuan Zolezzi Cid, CHILE


PrefaceThis year the 6th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on <strong>ENERGY</strong> & <strong>ENVIRONMENT</strong>(EE '11) was held <strong>in</strong> Cambridge, UK, February 23-25, 2011. The conference rema<strong>in</strong>s faithful toits orig<strong>in</strong>al idea of provid<strong>in</strong>g a platform to disc<strong>us</strong>s power generation, power plants, solar power,photovoltaic energy, fuel cells, environmental issues, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles,transmission plann<strong>in</strong>g, transformers, circuit breakers, s<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able management, cleaner energysystems, energy storage, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, cogeneration systems,environmental management, biodiversity, s<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ability <strong>in</strong>dicators, natural resourcesmanagement, feasibility analysis etc. with participants from all over the world, both fromacademia and from <strong>in</strong>d<strong>us</strong>try.Its success is reflected <strong>in</strong> the papers received, with participants com<strong>in</strong>g from several countries,allow<strong>in</strong>g a real mult<strong>in</strong>ational multicultural exchange of experiences and ideas.The accepted papers of this conference are published <strong>in</strong> this Book that will be <strong>in</strong>dexed by ISI.Please, check it: www.worldses.org/<strong>in</strong>dexes as well as <strong>in</strong> the CD-ROM Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs. They willbe also available <strong>in</strong> the E-Library of the WSEAS. The best papers will be also promoted <strong>in</strong> manyJournals for further evaluation.A Conference such as this can only succeed as a team effort, so the Editors want to thank theInternational Scientific Committee and the Reviewers for their excellent work <strong>in</strong> review<strong>in</strong>g thepapers as well as their <strong>in</strong>valuable <strong>in</strong>put and advice.The Editors


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentTable of ContentsPlenary Lecture 1: Strategies of Develop<strong>in</strong>g Road Transport by Controll<strong>in</strong>g Automotives’Emissions to Reduce Local and Global Environment ImpactsCorneliu CofaruNanostructuration of Black Nickel Low Cost Solar Absorb<strong>in</strong>g Electrodeposited on C81100High Conductive CopperRicardo Luiz Perez Teixeira, Renata Antoun Simao, Bruno Coelho, Armando Coelho Oliveira1417Climate Change <strong>in</strong> the XXIst Century: Mechanisms and Predictions 26Igor Khmel<strong>in</strong>skii, Peter Stall<strong>in</strong>gaDiff<strong>us</strong>ion of Biostimulator <strong>in</strong> Cur<strong>in</strong>g Cultural Plants 32Karel Kolomaznik, Jiri Pecha, Dagmar Janacova, Vladimir VasekOn-l<strong>in</strong>e Operat<strong>in</strong>g Adj<strong>us</strong>tment of Small Biomass Fired Boilers Optimiz<strong>in</strong>g CO and NOxEmissionsJan Hrdlicka, Bohumil Sulc35Biofuels, the Black Swan of the Renewable Energies’ Policy <strong>in</strong> Portugal 41Jose Antonio PorfirioB<strong>us</strong><strong>in</strong>ess Plan Model for Bio-Energy Companies 47Pasi OjalaRefrigeration Needs for S<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able Preservation of Horticultural Products 53C<strong>us</strong>todia Gago, Ana Rita So<strong>us</strong>a, Miriam Juliao, Graca Miguel, Dulce Antunes. ThomasPanagopoulosImprovement of Power System Stability <strong>us</strong><strong>in</strong>g Fuzzy Logic based HVDC Controls 58B. Nagu, A. Navaneetha, P.V. R. RaoImprov<strong>in</strong>g Voltage Quality <strong>in</strong> Distribution System with W<strong>in</strong>d Turb<strong>in</strong>es 65Masoud Sargazikoosheh, Banafsheh HashemiSolar Heat<strong>in</strong>g/Cool<strong>in</strong>g and Domestic Hot-Water Systems 69Ioan Sarbu, Mari<strong>us</strong> AdamEffects Analysis of Build<strong>in</strong>g Thermal Rehabilitation 75Ioan Sarbu, Cal<strong>in</strong> SebarchieviciTemperature and Current Density Distribution <strong>in</strong> a Bimetallic Conductor through a CoupledModelOscar Chavez, Federico Mendez81Technical Analysis of the Boiler’s Work Process 87Xhevat Berisha, Bedri Drag<strong>us</strong>haISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 9


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentA Study of Energy Use <strong>in</strong> Taiwan 92Hsieh-Hua Yang, Hung-Jen Yang, Wan-Ch<strong>in</strong>g Wu, Lung-Hs<strong>in</strong>g Kuo, Lan-Hua WangKnowledge for Ho<strong>us</strong>ehold Energy: A Technological Method Approach 99Jui-Chen Yu, Hung-Jen Yang, Hsueh-Chih L<strong>in</strong>, Lung-Hs<strong>in</strong>g Kuo, Shang M<strong>in</strong>g Su, Chang-Tzuoh Wu,Hsieh-Hua YangDeterm<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the Relation between Soil Erodibility and Spatial Variability of ErosionProperties Us<strong>in</strong>g Geostatistical Techniques at the Alqueva Reservoir AreaThomas Panagopoulos, Vera Ferreira, Jorge Jes<strong>us</strong>Integrat<strong>in</strong>g Reliability, Risk Analysis and Quality Management <strong>in</strong> Wastewater TreatmentFacilitiesIlias Konstant<strong>in</strong>ou, Fragiskos Batzias, Athanasia Bountri105111The Human Capital <strong>in</strong> the Innovation Economics of the Developed Countries 117Mirela Stoican, Ad<strong>in</strong>a Liana Camarda, Plesa DoruImplementation of a Transmission L<strong>in</strong>e Model with the PEEC Method for Lightn<strong>in</strong>g SurgeAnalysisPeerawut YutthagowithEffect of Organic Load<strong>in</strong>g Rate on Bio-hydrogen Production from Sweet Sorghum Syrup byAnaerobic Mixed Cultures <strong>in</strong> Anaerobic Sequenc<strong>in</strong>g Batch ReactorPiyawadee Saraphirom, Alissara Reungsang123128Romania’s Energy Market. Challenges and Mergers 134Eugen Bradean, Georgeta V<strong>in</strong>tilaCatalytic Pyrolysis of Xylan-Based Hemicellulose over Zeolites 137Xiujuan Guo, Shurong Wang, Yan Zhou, Zhongynag LuoPenetration Estimation of VSD <strong>in</strong> the Future by Us<strong>in</strong>g Energy Efficiency Potential Study 143Jongryul WonBuild<strong>in</strong>g Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a 146Zhou Wei, Mi HongInfluence of Seasonal Variations on Ambient Air Quality <strong>in</strong> Al Jahra Governorate, <strong>in</strong> the Stateof KuwaitRaslan AleneziOn the Validity of the Law of Dim<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g Returns <strong>in</strong> Packed Bed Columns Used forWastewater TreatmentDimitris Sidiras, Athanasia Bountri, Ilias Konstant<strong>in</strong>ou, Fragiskos Batzias151160GPS Solutions for Roads. Different GPS Operation Types and Applications 166Nicolae Ion BabucaComparative Risk Analysis of Development of the Lignite Bas<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Serbian Part of theDanube RegionSlavka Zekovic, Tamara Maricic171ISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 10


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentThe Wear of Metal Carbide Stuck Circular Saw Blades Used <strong>in</strong> the Spruce Longitud<strong>in</strong>alSaw<strong>in</strong>g Process<strong>in</strong>g – A Factor Influenc<strong>in</strong>g Power ConsumptionCosm<strong>in</strong> Spirchez, Anne-Marie Loredana Badescu, Valent<strong>in</strong> Ditu, Nicolae Taran, Oana-AndreeaPirnuta177Understand<strong>in</strong>g Electric Ind<strong>us</strong>trial Ecosystems through Exergy 182Cornelia A. Bulucea, Doru A. Nicola, Nikos E. Mastorakis, Marc A. RosenWater Efficiency <strong>in</strong> Build<strong>in</strong>gs: Assessment of its Impact on Energy Efficiency and Reduc<strong>in</strong>gGHG EmissionsA. Silva-Afonso, F. Rodrigues, C. Pimentel-Rodrigues191Macro and Microclimate – from Beneficial to Noxio<strong>us</strong> Action on the Animals 196Violeta-Elena Simion, Alexandru T. Bogdan, Viorel Andronie, Iudith Ipate, Monica Parvu, Br<strong>in</strong>d<strong>us</strong>aCovaci, Elena Mitranescu, Crist<strong>in</strong>a AndronieTowards A Unified Cost Optimal Methodology for Design<strong>in</strong>g Low Energy Build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> theMediterranean Sea RegionStratis Kanarachos, Ahmed Medhat, Georgette Kanarachou, Mona Fanny202Distance Protection for Smart Grids with Massive Generation from Renewable Sources 208Francesco Muzi, Antonio De Sanctis, Pasquale PalumboGene Bank Valuable Genotypes of Animals <strong>in</strong> Romania and Hungary with BiotechnologyReproductionIudith Ipate, Alexandru T. Bogdan, Janos Seregi, Laszlo Zoldag, Akos Maroti-Agots, MonicaGutscherγ, George Toba, Marcel Th. Paraschvescu, Amalia Strateanu, Crist<strong>in</strong>el Sonea, SimonaIvana, Mihai EnacheUs<strong>in</strong>g Bio<strong>in</strong>formatics and Reproduction Indicators for Understand<strong>in</strong>g the Relationships thatEnvironmental Influence Cows' Milk ProductionCostel Ilie, Culai Dascalu, Alexandru T. Bogdan, Sor<strong>in</strong> Chelmu, Crist<strong>in</strong>el Sonea, Mihaela R<strong>us</strong>u,Simona Stan, Ion Constant<strong>in</strong>escu, Stefan Nastasie, Dan Tap<strong>us</strong>214224On the Leverage Effect <strong>in</strong> the Spanish Electricity Spot Market 230J. M. Montero, M. C. Garcia, G. Fernandez-AvilesStrategies of Develop<strong>in</strong>g Road Transport by Controll<strong>in</strong>g Automotives’ Emissions to ReduceLocal and Global Environment ImpactsCorneliu Cofaru236Study Regard<strong>in</strong>g the Noise Mapp<strong>in</strong>g of Tg. Mures Urban Transportation 244Janos Timar, Corneliu Cofaru, Daniela Florea, Anghel Chiru, Mariana Stanciu, D<strong>in</strong>u CovaciuThe Influence of Technological Factors on Cow Milk Production <strong>in</strong> Zootechnic Ecosystemsfrom Vrancea County <strong>in</strong> RomaniaCulai Dascalu, Alexandru T. Bogdan, Alexandru Sonea, Paul Rodian Tapaloaga, Sor<strong>in</strong> SergiuChelmu, Crist<strong>in</strong>el Sonea, Radu Burlacu, Ion Constant<strong>in</strong>escu, Costel Ilie, Elisabeta Claudia Dascalu,Stefan Nastasie, Dan Tap<strong>us</strong>248The Ethical Dimension of the Romanian Scientific Research for S<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able Development 255Aurel Ardelean, Aurel Pisoschi, Alexandru T. Bogdan, Valent<strong>in</strong> Pau, Br<strong>in</strong>d<strong>us</strong>a Covaci, Mihai CovaciA Theoretical Approach for Dynamic Modell<strong>in</strong>g of S<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able Development 261Cor<strong>in</strong>a-Maria Ene, Anda Gheorghiu, Anca GheorghiuISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 11


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentThe Conflict between Economic Development and Planetary Ecosystem <strong>in</strong> the Context ofS<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able DevelopmentCor<strong>in</strong>a-Maria Ene, Anda Gheorghiu, Crist<strong>in</strong>a Burghelea, Anca Gheorghiu266A S<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able Urban Center Refurbishment 272Ana Kar<strong>in</strong>a Lopes, Fernanda Rodrigues, Victor M. Ferreira, Romeu VicenteHeavy Metals Hazardo<strong>us</strong> Components of Eaf D<strong>us</strong>t 278Cristiana-Zizi Rizescu, Zorica Bac<strong>in</strong>schi, Elena Valent<strong>in</strong>a Stoian, Aurora Po<strong>in</strong>escu, Dan NicolaeUngureanuResearches Regard<strong>in</strong>g the Recovery of Small and Powder Ferro<strong>us</strong> Wastes with<strong>in</strong> Iron-and-Steel Ind<strong>us</strong>trySocalici Ana, Heput Teodor, Ardelean Erika, Ardelean Mari<strong>us</strong>282Effect of Contact Resistive Variations of Screen Pr<strong>in</strong>ted Si Solar Cell 288A. W. Shahrul, M. Y. Khairy, S. L. Cheow, N. Am<strong>in</strong>, S. H. Zaidi, A. Zaharim, K. SopianEntropy Generation Analysis of the MHD Flow over Nonl<strong>in</strong>ear Permeable Stretch<strong>in</strong>g Sheetwith Partial SlipM. H. Yazdi, S. Abdullah, I. Hashim, A. Zaharim, K. Sopian292Monthly Performance of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Water Heat<strong>in</strong>g System 298Roonak Daghigh, Mohd Hafidz R<strong>us</strong>lan, Azami Zaharim, Kamaruzzaman SopianEffect of Pack<strong>in</strong>g Factor on the Performance of PV/T Water Heater 304R. Daghigh, M. H. R<strong>us</strong>lan, A. Zaharim, K. SopianTh<strong>in</strong>-Layer Dry<strong>in</strong>g Characteristics of Banana Slices <strong>in</strong> a Force Convection Indirect SolarDry<strong>in</strong>gM. I. Fadhel, Ramez Abdulwasea Abdo, B. F. Yo<strong>us</strong>if, Azami Zaharim, K. Sopian310Glaz<strong>in</strong>g Facades <strong>in</strong> the 1930s: Preservation or Rehabilitation? 316Francesca AlbaniEnergetic and Environmental Analysis of a Micro CCHP System for Domestic Use 322Kriszt<strong>in</strong>a Uzuneanu, Dan ScarpeteThe Certification as a Tool for Environmental Management of Social Events 328Veronika Jasikova, Vladimir Bures, Petra MaresovaSelf Oxidation of Romanian Lignite Dur<strong>in</strong>g Storage 335Mihai Cruceru, Bogdan Diaconu, Popescu Lum<strong>in</strong>iInvestments <strong>in</strong> Energy Efficiency. A Case Study. 341Mihai Cruceru, Adrian Gorun, Bogdan Marian DiaconuThe Impact of Globalization on the Development of Rural Communities from Romania. Casestudy: The Ma<strong>in</strong> Social Problems Generated by Degradation of the Environment <strong>in</strong> the RuralCommunities from Gorj CountyAdrian Gorun, Lum<strong>in</strong>ia Georgeta Popescu, Horatiu Gorun, Mihai CruceruNumerical Calculation of Thermal Field Distribution <strong>in</strong> Oil Immersed Power Transformer - AComparison of MethodsVlado Madzarevic, Izud<strong>in</strong> Kapetanovic, Majda Tesanovic, Mensur Kasumovic347353ISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 12


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentCarbon Dioxide Levels <strong>in</strong> Educational Institutions 359Allan Hani, Teet-Andr<strong>us</strong> Koiv, Alo MikolaA Probabilistic Nodal Analysis for Help<strong>in</strong>g the System Operator to Validate the Results of theDay-Ahead Electricity MarketDavide Poli, Paolo Pelacchi365E.U. Environmental Policies: A Document – based Qualitative Research 372Iuliana Pop, Madal<strong>in</strong>a-Teodora Andrei, Charlotte Valent<strong>in</strong>e Ene, Flor<strong>in</strong> Vartolomei, Petronela-Sonia Nedea, Radita AlexePhotovoltaics <strong>in</strong> the Czech Republic – Example of a Distorted Market 378Lubos SmrckaLoad Forecast under Uncerta<strong>in</strong>ty: An Innovative Approach beyond GDP Growth 384Leont<strong>in</strong>a P<strong>in</strong>to, Luiz Macedo, Daniel Sica, Mirian GomesAuthors Index 389ISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 13


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentPlenary Lecture 1Strategies of Develop<strong>in</strong>g Road Transport by Controll<strong>in</strong>g Automotives’ Emissions to ReduceLocal and Global Environment ImpactsProfessor Corneliu CofaruAutomotive and Eng<strong>in</strong>e DepartmentMechanical Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g FacultyTransilvania University of BrasovRomaniaE-mail: ccornel@unitbv.roAbstract: This research paper presents an overview of policies and methods of controll<strong>in</strong>g the emissions ca<strong>us</strong>ed bymotor vehicles and road traffic to reduce local and global pollution. The ma<strong>in</strong> premise is the fact that <strong>in</strong>dividualmobility and modern freight transport system should <strong>in</strong>clude the ideea of people’s well-be<strong>in</strong>g, quality of life, freedom,all these be<strong>in</strong>g parts of the social and cultural context. In this case, the mobility of tomorrow will be moreenvironment-friendly, resource lean, quieter, safer, geared to <strong>in</strong>dividual mobility needs and seamless logistics. Highlyefficient, <strong>in</strong>novative powertra<strong>in</strong> technologies and alternative fuels will have a key-role <strong>in</strong> this respect.Therefore, effective policies m<strong>us</strong>t meet multiple objectives such as:• Establish<strong>in</strong>g a balance among different solutions of power tra<strong>in</strong>s: ICEs, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicle. Petroleumbasedfuels will cont<strong>in</strong>ue to be the foundation of mobility <strong>in</strong> the com<strong>in</strong>g years. The ma<strong>in</strong> reasons lie <strong>in</strong> the extremelyhigh energy density of diesel and petrol, whereby large distances can be covered <strong>us</strong><strong>in</strong>g a relatively small volume offuel, and <strong>in</strong> efficient comb<strong>us</strong>tion eng<strong>in</strong>e technology. The <strong>in</strong>troduction of electric vehicles on the market willencompass: hybrids (micro, mild, full and plug<strong>in</strong> hybrid electric vehicle – PHEV), range extender electric vehicle(REEV), battery electric vehicle (BEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCV).In the future, other powertra<strong>in</strong> technologies ashydrogen-powered vehicles will be able to contribute to climate protection.• Provid<strong>in</strong>g security of fuel’s supply by <strong>us</strong><strong>in</strong>g alternative fuels. Such alternative fuels can be methyl or ethyl esters(biodiesels), biogases (digester gas, wood gas, gas from biomass gasification, ...), alcohols from biomass (methanol,ethanol, ...), vegetable oils, animal fats, etc. , or even hydrogen.• Def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g a concl<strong>us</strong>ive mobility concept. This concept is materialized through a s<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able, consistent transportpolicy for economic growth and efficient environmental protection;?<strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> good transport routes based onneeds and promotion of <strong>in</strong>telligent traffic systems (real-time traffic <strong>in</strong>formation, dynamic park<strong>in</strong>g space management,fleet management systems and powertra<strong>in</strong>s assistance systems, ICT <strong>in</strong> logistics).• Reduc<strong>in</strong>g chemical and noise pollution ca<strong>us</strong>ed by motor vehicles by controll<strong>in</strong>g emissions. At present, all studiesshows that is no doubt that the <strong>in</strong>ternal comb<strong>us</strong>tion eng<strong>in</strong>e (ICE) will be the ma<strong>in</strong> propulsion technology for roadtransport for a long time, there is no doubt that we have to f<strong>in</strong>d alternative fuels, to replace the derivatives from crudeoil, such as gasol<strong>in</strong>e and diesel. Simultano<strong>us</strong>ly, the alternative fuels should decrease the noxio<strong>us</strong> emissions (NOx,particles) and decrease the net greenho<strong>us</strong>e gas emissions (CO2). Biofuels constitute a central pillar of s<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ablemobility and they have the advantage of not requir<strong>in</strong>g essentially new eng<strong>in</strong>es or a new <strong>in</strong>frastructure, s<strong>in</strong>ce they canbe added to fossil fuels <strong>in</strong> a controlled form (biodiesel can only be added to a maximum 7% of the fossil fuel).Brief Biography of the Speaker: Corneliu Cofaru is a full Professor at the Automotive and Eng<strong>in</strong>e Department with<strong>in</strong>the Mechanical Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Faculty from Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania. His area of expertise is theenvironmental aspects of <strong>in</strong>ternal comb<strong>us</strong>tion eng<strong>in</strong>es. He authored or co-authored over 200 scientific paperspublished <strong>in</strong> reviewed journals or presented at <strong>in</strong>ternational conferences organized by FISITA, EAEC, SIAR, etc. Hewrote as author and co-author 23 books. Two of these are written <strong>in</strong> English and are entitled: "Materials-EnergyS<strong>us</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>able Development" published <strong>in</strong> 2002 and „Transport and Environmental Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g" published at theTransilvania University Publish<strong>in</strong>g Ho<strong>us</strong>e <strong>in</strong> 2007. He had the opportunity to manage <strong>in</strong>ternational projects <strong>in</strong> Temp<strong>us</strong>and Leonardo da V<strong>in</strong>ci frame and he is a member of Romanian society of automotive eng<strong>in</strong>eers. He is Deputy Deanof the Mechanical Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Faculty.He serves as an associate editor of some scientific journals, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g IEEE Transactions on Ind<strong>us</strong>trial Electronics,member of editorial board of Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence, member of vario<strong>us</strong> national and<strong>in</strong>ternational scientific committees. He is the founder of the IEEE International Conference Series on IntelligentEng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Systems (INES) and IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics (ICCC), and someISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 14


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & Environment<strong>in</strong>ternational symposia. He has served as General Chairman and Program Chairman of numero<strong>us</strong> scientific<strong>in</strong>ternational conferences.His present areas of research activity are Computational Cybernetics, Robotics with special emphasis on RobotControl, Soft Comput<strong>in</strong>g, Computed-aided Process Plann<strong>in</strong>g, Fuzzy Control and Fuzzy Sets. He has publishedbooks, more than 450 papers <strong>in</strong> books, vario<strong>us</strong> scientific journals and <strong>in</strong>ternational conference proceed<strong>in</strong>gs. Hereceived more than 600 citations for his publications.ISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 15


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentAuthors IndexAbdo, R. A. 310 Ditu, V. 177 Loredana Badescu, A.-M. 177Abdullah, S. 292 Doru, P. 117 Lum<strong>in</strong>i, P. 335Adam, M. 69 Drag<strong>us</strong>ha, B. 87 Luo, Z. 137Albani, F. 316 Enache, M. 214 Macedo, L. 384Alenezi, R. 151 Ene, C. V. 372 Madzarevic, V. 353Alexe, R. 372 Ene, C.-M. 261, 266 Maresova, P. 328Am<strong>in</strong>, N. 288 Fadhel, M. I. 310 Maricic, T. 171Andrei, M.-T. 372 Fanny, M. 202 Maroti-Agots, A. 214Andronie, C. 196 Fernandez-Aviles, G. 230 Mastorakis, N. E. 182Andronie, V. 196 Ferreira, V. 105 Medhat, A. 202Antunes, D. 53 Ferreira, V. M. 272 Mendez, F. 81Ardelean, A. 255 Florea, D. 244 Miguel, G. 53Ardelean, E. 282 Gago, C. 53 Mikola, A. 359Ardelean, M. 282 Garcia, M. C. 230 Mitranescu, E. 196Babuca, N. I. 166 Gheorghiu, Anc. 261, 266 Montero, J. M. 230Bac<strong>in</strong>schi, Z. 278 Gheorghiu, And. 261, 266 Muzi, F. 208Batzias, F. 111, 160 Gomes, M. 384 Nagu, B. 58Berisha, X. 87 Gorun, A. 341, 347 Nastasie, S. 224, 248Bogdan, A. T. 196, 214, 224 Gorun, H. 347 Navaneetha, A. 58Bogdan, A. T. 248, 255, Guo, X. 137 Nedea, P.-S. 372Bountri, A. 111, 160 Gutscherγ, M. 214 Nicola, D. A. 182Bradean, E. 134 Hani, A. 359 Ojala, P. 47Bulucea, C. A. 182 Hashemi, B. 65 Palumbo, P. 208Bures, V. 328 Hashim, I. 292 Panagopoulos, T. 53, 105Burghelea, C. 266 Hong, M. 146 Paraschvescu, M. T. 214Burlacu, R. 248 Hrdlicka, J. 35 Parvu, M. 196Camarda, A. L. 117 Ilie, C. 224, 248 Pau, V. 255Chavez, O. 81 Ipate, I. 196, 214 Pecha, J. 32Chelmu, S. 224 Ivana, S. 214 Pelacchi, P. 365Chelmu, S. S. 248 Janacova, D. 32 Perez Teixeira, R. L. 17Cheow, S. L. 288 Jasikova, V. 328 Pimentel-Rodrigues, C. 191Chiru, A. 244 Jes<strong>us</strong>, J. 105 P<strong>in</strong>to, L. 384Coelho Oliveira, A. 17 Juliao, M. 53 Pirnuta, O.-A. 177Coelho, B. 17 Kanarachos, S. 202 Pisoschi, A. 255Cofaru, C. 236, 244 Kanarachou, G. 202 Po<strong>in</strong>escu, A. 278Constant<strong>in</strong>escu, I. 224, 248 Kapetanovic, I. 353 Poli, D. 365Covaci, B. 196, 255 Kasumovic, M. 353 Pop, I. 372Covaci, M. 255 Khairy, M. Y. 288 Popescu, L. G. 347Covaciu, D. 244 Khmel<strong>in</strong>skii, I. 26 Porfirio, J. A. 41Cruceru, M. 335, 341, 347 Koiv, T.-A. 359 Rao, P. V. R. 58Daghigh, R. 298, 304 Kolomaznik, K. 32 Reungsang, A. 128Dascalu, C. 224, 248 Konstant<strong>in</strong>ou, I. 111, 160 Rizescu, C.-Z. 278Dascalu, E. C. 248 Kuo, L.-H. 92, 99 Rodrigues, F. 191De Sanctis, A. 208 L<strong>in</strong>, H.-C. 99 Rodrigues, F. 272Diaconu, B. 335, 341 Lopes, A. K. 272 Rosen, M. A. 182ISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 389


Recent Researches <strong>in</strong> Energy & EnvironmentR<strong>us</strong>lan, M. H. 298, 304 Spirchez, C. 177 V<strong>in</strong>tila, G. 134R<strong>us</strong>u, M. 224 Stall<strong>in</strong>ga, P. 26 Wang, L.-H. 92Saraphirom, P. 128 Stan, S. 224 Wang, S. 137Sarbu, I. 69, 75 Stanciu, M. 244 Wei, Z. 146Sargazikoosheh, M. 65 Stoian, E. V. 278 Won, J. 143Scarpete, D. 322 Stoican, M. 117 Wu, C.-T. 99Sebarchievici, C. 75 Strateanu, A. 214 Wu, W.-C. 92Seregi, J. 214 Su, S. M. 99 Yang, H.-H. 92, 99Shahrul, A. W. 288 Sulc, B. 35 Yang, H.-J. 92, 99Sica, D. 384 Tapaloaga, P. R. 248 Yazdi, M. H. 292Sidiras, D. 160 Tap<strong>us</strong>, D. 224, 248 Yo<strong>us</strong>if, B. F. 310Silva-Afonso, A. 191 Taran, N 177 Yu, J.-C. 99Simao, R. A. 17 Teodor, H. 282 Yutthagowith, P. 123Simion, V.-E. 196 Tesanovic, M. 353 Zaharim, A. 288, 292, 298Smrcka, L. 378 Timar, J. 244 Zaharim, A. 304, 310,Socalici, A. 282 Toba, G. 214 Zaidi, S. H. 288Sonea, A. 248 Ungureanu, D. N. 278 Zekovic, S. 171Sonea, C. 214, 224, 248 Uzuneanu, K. 322 Zhou, Y. 137Sopian, K. 288, 292, 298 Vartolomei, F. 372 Zoldag, L. 214Sopian, K. 304, 310 Vasek, V. 32So<strong>us</strong>a, A. R. 53 Vicente, R. 272ISBN: 978-960-474-274-5 390

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