USU Noxious Weed Guide - Morgan County

3rd Edition, First Printing, January 2009This field guide is being produced in collaboration with the Utah Partnersfor Conservation and Development.Sponsoring agencies:Utah Department of Natural ResourcesUtah Association of Conservation DistrictsUtah Department of Agriculture and FoodUSDA Natural Resources Conservation ServiceUtah School & Institutional Trust Lands AdministrationUSDI Fish & Wildlife ServiceUSDI National Park ServiceOther Partner Agencies:USDA Farm Service Agency, Utah Department of EnvironmentalQuality, Utah RC&D Council, USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau ofReclamation, USDI Bureau of Land ManagementSpecial thanks to the following for their sponsorship of this project:Uintah County Weed DepartmentAuthors:Nathan Belliston, Uintah County assistant weed control supervisorRalph Whitesides, Utah State University Extension weed specialistSteven Dewey, Utah State University Extension weed specialistJoel Merritt, Cache County weed control supervisorStephen Burningham, Utah State Department of Agriculture and Food- program managerEdited by:Ralph Whitesides, Utah State University Extension weed specialist andDonna Falkenborg, Utah State University Extension communicationseditorProduced by:Uintah County Weed Department in cooperation with Utah StateUniversity Extension ServicePrinted by:Utah State University Publication, Design, and ProductionGraphics and design by:Nathan BellistonPhotographs by:Nathan Belliston, Steven Dewey, and Richard OldCover photos:Front - Purple Loosestrife; Back - Strawberry Reservoir; By NathanBellistonThis publication is for public use. Reproductions of any or all of thispublication is permissible with acknowledgment of authors and/orphotographers.Noxious WeedField GuideforUTAHBy Nathan BellistonRalph WhitesidesSteven DeweyJoel MerrittStephen Burningham

CONTENTSForeword ___________________________ 1Using This Handbook _________________ 3Class A Weeds (EDRR)______________ 5Black Henbane ______________________ 6Diffuse Knapweed ____________________ 8Johnsongrass ______________________ 10Leafy Spurge _______________________ 12Medusahead _______________________ 14Oxeye Daisy _______________________ 16Purple Loosestrife ___________________ 18St. Johnswort ______________________ 20Spotted Knapweed __________________ 22Sulfur Cinquefoil ____________________ 24Yellow Starthistle ___________________ 26Yellow Toadflax _____________________ 28Class B Weeds (Control) ___________ 31Bermudagrass* _____________________ 32Dalmatian Toadflax __________________ 34Dyer’s Woad _______________________ 36Hoary Cress ________________________ 38Musk Thistle _______________________ 40Perennial Pepperweed _______________ 42Poison Hemlock _____________________ 44Russian Knapweed __________________ 46Scotch Thistle ______________________ 48Squarrose Knapweed ________________ 50Class C Weeds (Containment) ______ 53Canada Thistle _____________________ 54Field Bindweed _____________________ 56Houndstongue _____________________ 58Quackgrass ________________________ 60Saltcedar __________________________ 62County Weed Control Offices __________ 64State and Federal Offices _____________ 66References ________________________ 68Ordering Information _________________ 69Class A WeedsClass B WeedsClass C Weeds

Noxious weeds, such as this musk thistle, can havetremendous negative impacts in every aspect of ourlives.FOREWORDNoxious Weeds a Biological WildfireInvasive noxious weeds have been described as araging biological wildfire – out of control, spreadingrapidly, and causing enormous economic losses.Millions of acres in North America have beeninvaded or are at risk of being invaded by weeds,including cropland, pastures, rangelands, forests,wilderness areas, national parks, recreation sites,wildlife management areas, transportation corridors,waterways, wetlands, parks, golf courses, evenyards and gardens. Noxious weeds are currentlyspreading at a rate of more than 4,600 acres perday on federal lands in the United States.Devastation caused by noxious weeds is enormous.Economic losses from weeds exceed $20 billionannually in the United States, and the costcontinues to grow. Weeds often reduce cropyields, and can damage watersheds, increasesoil erosion, negatively impact wildland plant andanimal communities, and adversely affect outdoorrecreation. Ecological damage from uncontrollednoxious weed infestations can be permanent,leaving lands unable to return naturally to their preinvasioncondition.Prevention, preserving and protecting lands notpresently infested, is the first line of defense againstaggressive noxious weeds. Prevention requiresawareness and action by land managers as well asthe general public, to recognize, report, and controlnew infestations before they have a chance toexpand and spread.1

Noxious weeds, such as this dyer’s woad, spreadmuch like a wildfire, out of control.This publication is designed to help you identifysome of the common noxious and invasive weedspecies that are currently threatening Utah and havebeen identified on Utah’s state weed list. If you arean outdoor enthusiast or other concerned citizen,this booklet will help you recognize these invasiveweeds so you can report them to proper authoritiesbefore significant spread and damage can occur. Ifyou are an agriculturalist or public land manager,this booklet will help you more accurately identifythe invasive weeds in the area of your stewardship -a critical step in choosing the most effective controlstrategy.Steven A. DeweyUSING THIS HANDBOOKThis noxious weed field guide deals exclusively withUtah’s state noxious weeds.Effective July 2, 2008, the Utah Noxious Weed Actwas amended to allow for categorization of weeds and27 weeds were declared noxious.This book is divided into three color-coded sectionsthat reflect the categories and weed rankings from astatewide perspective. Individual counties may addcounty-declared noxious weeds to the list and rank thestate-listed weeds in different categories, but cannotdelete state-listed weeds.Noxious Weed Classifications and Attributes:Class A Weeds: Early Detection Rapid Response(EDRR) — Declared noxious weeds not native to thestate that pose a serious threat to the state and shouldbe considered as a very high priority.Class B Weeds: Control — Declared noxious weedsnot native to the state that pose a threat to the stateand should be considered a high priority for control.Class C Weeds: Containment — Declared noxiousweeds not native to the state that are widely spread,but pose a threat to the agricultural industry and toagricultural products with a focus on stopping invasion.Common Name: The most widely accepted nameused by the Weed Science Society of America and foundin the book Weeds of the West.Scientific Name: The officially accepted scientificname used by the Weed Science Society of America andfound in the book Weeds of the West.Other Common Names: Local or historical names.Background: Description of origin, habitat preferences,and methods of reproduction.Description: Life cycles and some distinguishingcharacteristics of the weed.Distribution Maps: Known county distribution in Utah.Control Methods: General effective control methods.2 3

UTAH’S STATENOXIOUSWEEDSCLASS AWEEDS(EDRR)4 5

BLACK HENBANEHyoscyamus nigerBACKGROUND: Black henbane is a native plantof Europe commonly found in waste areas,pastures, along rights-of-way and fence lines. It ispoisonous to both animals and humans; however,it has medical use in controlled circumstances.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Hog’s beanClass A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: As either an annual or biennial,black henbane grows 1 to 3 feet tall. Leaves havepointed lobes and prominent veins. Off-whiteflowers with purple centers and veins are 1 to2 inches wide bearing pineapple shaped fruit inleaf axils. Each fruit has 5 lobes and containshundreds of tiny black seeds. Bloom occurs in latespring.CONTROL: Biocontrol is not available. Herbicidescan be very effective when applied during rosetteto bloom stages. Digging can offer some control.Contact your state or county weed specialist forspecific, updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

DIFFUSE KNAPWEEDCentaurea diffusaBACKGROUND: Native to Eurasia, diffuseknapweed inhabits dry rangeland, roadsides,field edges and waste areas. Knapweeds releasechemical substances into the soil that inhibit thegrowth of competing vegetation.Class A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: It is an annual or a short-livedperennial averaging 1 to 2 feet tall. Leaves havefinely divided lobes. Flowers are white to rose incolor. Diffuse knapweed differs from squarroseknapweed in that toothed flower bracts arestraight rather than arched outward. It bloomsthroughout summer.CONTROL: Several biocontrol agents are availableand provide fair to good control. Select herbicidescan offer good to excellent control when appliedfrom rosette to pre-bud stages. Tillage offersgood control. Contact your state or county weedspecialist for specific, updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

LEAFY SPURGEEuphorbia esulaBACKGROUND: A native plant of Eurasia, leafyspurge is an aggressive invader of pastures,rangeland, stream banks and waste areas. Itreproduces by seed and rootstock. It is toxic tocattle and may result in their death.Class A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: This perennial plant grows up to3 feet tall. The leaves are narrow, 1 to 4 incheslong. In late spring, yellow-green flower bractsappear. Seeds are contained in a 3-celled capsule,1 seed per cell. When dry, capsules can shootseeds up to 15 feet from parent plant. Stemsexude a milky fluid when damaged. An extensiveroot system, up to 20 feet long and more than 14feet deep, with multiple shoot-producing buds,makes this plant very difficult to control.CONTROL: Biocontrol is extensive and control isfair to excellent. Herbicides can offer fair to goodcontrol especially when combined with biocontrol.Apply herbicides from spring to the killing frost.Contact your state or county weed specialistfor specific, updatedinformation.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

MEDUSAHEADTaeniatherum caput-medusaeBACKGROUND: Medusahead was brought tothe United States from Eurasia. It is extremelycompetitive, completely displacing other desirablegrass species. It spreads by seed, commonlycarried by wind, animals, clothing and vehicles.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Medusahead ryeClass A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: Medusahead is an annual growingfrom 6 inches to 2 feet high. Leaf blades areabout 1/8 inch wide. Awns of the seedhead arelong and become twisted as the seed matures.It is sometimes confused with foxtail barley orsquirreltail, but is different in that the seedheaddoesn’t break apart completely as the seedsmature. Flowering and seed production take placein late spring and early summer.CONTROL: Biocontrol is not available. Acombination of burning, herbicide and reseedingoffers the best control. For the best results,this should be done in fall through early winter.Contact your state orcounty weed specialistfor specific, updatedinformation.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

OXEYE DAISYChrysanthemum leucanthemum L.BACKGROUND: This native of Europe survives ina wide range of environments. It is prevalent onpoor soils, tolerates cold conditions and survivesdrought well. Often found in meadows, roadsides,waste areas, grasslands, or overgrazed pastures.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Marguerite, moondaisyClass A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: This perennial, rhizomatous herbgrows 1 to 3 feet tall. Leaves are lance-shapedwith coarse teeth. Flowers range in diameter from1 to 2.2 inches and blossoms usually appear fromJune to August. The plant has a disagreeable odorif crushed. Although not toxic, it can give milk anoff-flavor if consumed by dairy cattle. It grows inpatches and can spread vegetatively and by seed.Oxeye daisy is often confused with members ofthe Aster genus; however, the coarse teeth on theleaf margins differentiate it from asters.CONTROL: Biocontrol is not available. Cultivationis effective. Maintaininga dense crop canopyis effective in stoppingestablishment. Severalherbicides are effectivein controlling oxeyedaisy. Contact yourstate or county weedspecialist for specific,updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

PURPLE LOOSESTRIFELythrum salicariaBACKGROUND: Purple loosestrife is a Europeanplant probably introduced to the United Statesas an ornamental. It reproduces by both seedand creeping rootstocks. Infestations can impedewater flow and replace beneficial plants andthus, displace wildlife. It can be found in shallowmarshy wetland areas and ditches.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Purple lythrum.Class A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: Purple loosestrife is a semi-aquaticperennial growing 6 to 8 feet tall. There are 5 to7 petals on rose-purple flowers that appear incolumns along the upper end of stems. Leavesare lance shaped with smooth margins up to 5inches long. Bloom is in midsummer.CONTROL: Biocontrol is limited in availability butcontrol can be good to excellent. Herbicides withan aquatic label can offer fair to good control.Contact your state or county weed specialist forspecific, updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

ST. JOHNSWORTHypericum perforatumBACKGROUND: St. Johnswort was introducedfrom Europe. It invades areas with sandy orgravelly soils. Reproduction is by seeds and shortrunners. It contains a substance that is toxic(but rarely fatal) to white-haired animals causingthem to develop skin irritations and often loseweight when exposed to sunlight. It is also a keyingredient of some popular dietary supplements.Class A Weeds (EDRR)OTHER COMMON NAMES: Klamath weedDESCRIPTION: This perennial grows 1 to 3 feettall. Stems are rust colored and woody at thebase. Leaves are characterized by prominentveins and transparent dots, visible when heldup to light. The flowers are bright yellow with 5petals.CONTROL: Several biocontrol agents are availableand can offer good to excellent control. Herbicidescan offer good control when applied to activelygrowing plants between rosette and pre-bloomstages. Contact yourstate or county weedspecialist for specific,updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

SPOTTED KNAPWEEDCentaurea maculosaBACKGROUND: Originally found in Eurasia,spotted knapweed infests rangeland, pastures,roadsides, or any disturbed soils. Knapweedsrelease chemical substances into the soil thatinhibit the growth of competing vegetation.Class A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: Spotted knapweed is a short-livedperennial 1 to 3 feet tall. The rosette leaves aredeeply lobed and may be 6 inches in length. Thestems are moderately leaved. Flowers are typicallypink with spots on the flower bracts. Bloom is inearly summer.CONTROL: Several biocontrol agents are availableand offer fair to good control. Select herbicidescan offer good to excellent control when appliedbetween rosette and pre-bud stages. Contactyour state or county weed specialist for specific,updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

SULFUR CINQUEFOILPotentilla recta L.BACKGROUND: Sulfur cinquefoil is native toEurasia. It invades pastures, shrub dominatedareas, rights-of way and waste areas. It oftenout-competes desirable vegetation dominatingareas that are unmanaged. Due to a high tannincontent it is not palatable to livestock or wildlife.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Erect cinquefoilClass A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: This perennial grows from 1 to 3feet tall and may have some branching near thetop. Single or multiple stems sprout from a woodycrown. Long stiff hairs on the stems and theleaves stick straight out. Plants may reproduceand spread vegetatively and by seed. It sproutsin early spring and flowers from May to July.Leaves have distinctly toothed edges and thereare usually 5-7 leaflets per leaf. Flowers are paleyellow and they contain 5 heart-shaped petals.CONTROL: Cultivation associated with annualcropping controls this weed. Hand pulling ordigging is effective ifthe entire root crownis removed. Mowing isnot effective. Severalherbicides are effective.There are no knownsuccessful biologicalcontrol agents. Contactyour state or countyweed specialist forspecific, updatedinformation.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

YELLOW STARTHISTLECentaurea solstitialisBACKGROUND: Yellow starthistle was introducedfrom Europe. It grows well on dry sites inrangeland, roadsides and waste areas. It cancause “Chewing disease” in horses that consumeit.Class A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: Yellow starthistle is a 2 to 3 foottall winter annual with blue-green coloration.Rosette leaves are deeply lobed and could beconfused with dandelion. Stems are sparselyleaved and heavily ridged. Flowers are yellow.Cream-colored thorns, 1/4 to 3/4 inch long,protrude from the flowering heads. Bloom is inearly summer.CONTROL: Several biocontrol agents have beentested but availability is limited. Select herbicidesoffer fair to good control when applied betweenrosette and bloom stages. Tillage is effective.Contact your state or county weed specialist forspecific, updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

YELLOW TOADFLAXLinaria vulgarisBACKGROUND: Yellow toadflax came fromEurasia. It is an aggressive invader of rangeland,roadsides, field edges and waste areas. Anextensive root system makes this weed difficult tocontrol. It reproduces by seeds and roots.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Butter and eggs,toadflaxClass A Weeds (EDRR)DESCRIPTION: This perennial weed grows to 2feet tall. Leaves are 2 and 1/2 inches in length,narrow and pointed. Flowers are about 1 inchlong, yellow with an orange throat and have longtails. They look similar to snap dragon flowers.Bloom is in late spring into summer. Fruits aresmall, 1/4 inch, 2-celled, berry-like capsulescontaining many seeds.CONTROL: A few biocontrol agents are availableand offer fair control. Herbicides can offer goodcontrol. Contact your state or county weedspecialist for specific, updated information.Class A Weeds (EDRR)

DALMATIAN TOADFLAXLinaria genistifoliaBACKGROUND: Dalmatian toadflax was broughtto the United States from Europe, probablyfor ornamental purposes. It prefers rangelandand roadside habitat with sandy soils. It is veryaggressive and hard to control due to deep rootsand a thick, waxy leaf cuticle. It reproduces byseed and rootstock.Class B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: This perennial weed grows from2 to nearly 4 feet tall. Multiple stems may comefrom the base. Blue-green leaves line the stemin alternate fashion. Leaves are wedge shaped,have a thick waxy cuticle and partially clasp thestem. Flowers are yellow and may have whitehighlights and have long tails appearing similar tosnap dragon flowers. Bloom is in late spring intosummer. Fruits are 2 celled berry-like capsulescontaining many seeds.CONTROL: Biocontrol is available and offers faircontrol. Select herbicides can offer good controlwhen applied fromspring through fall.Contact your state orcounty weed specialistfor specific, updatedinformation.Class B Weeds (Control)

DYER’S WOADIsatis tinctoriaBACKGROUND: Dyer’s woad was introduced fromEurope for production of textile dyes. It thrivesin waste areas, gravel pits, road sides, pastures,field edges and disturbed soils.OTHER COMMON NAMES: WoadClass B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: Dyer’s woad may be a winterannual, biennial, or a short-lived perennial.Heights of 1 to 4 feet are common. A thick taproot may penetrate to 5 feet deep. Leaves areblue-green with a whitish midrib. The brightyellow flowers bloom and are highly visible in latespring. Club-shaped seed pods each produce asingle seed. As the fruits mature, they turn fromgreen to dark brown or nearly black.CONTROL: Biocontrol rust fungus is naturally widespread and other agents are currently undergoingresearch. Rust infected plants will have yellowish,puckered leaves with dark spots on the underside.Herbicides can offer good to excellent controlwhen applied to rosettesin spring and fall andduring pre-bloom.Digging offers goodcontrol. Contact yourstate or county weedspecialist for specific,updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

HOARY CRESSCardaria drabaBACKGROUND: This plant originated in Europe.It reproduces by root segments and seed. It iscommonly found on disturbed sites along roadways, field edges and excavations. It is also awidespread weed of grain fields, cultivated fieldsand meadows. It grows particularly well onsomewhat salinic soils.Class B Weeds (Control)OTHER COMMON NAMES: Small whitetop,whitetopDESCRIPTION: Hoary cress is a perennialplant, commonly 1 to 2 feet tall, with creepingrootstocks. Leaves are finely toothed. Upperleaves clasp the stem. Bloom is in late spring withclusters of white flowers, each flower containing 4petals. Seed pods are heart shaped and contain 2brownish seeds.CONTROL: Biocontrol research is in the earlystages. Select herbicides can offer fair to goodcontrol when applied from rosette to early bloomstages. Contact yourstate or county weedspecialist for specific,updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

MUSK THISTLECarduus nutansBACKGROUND: Native to southern Europe andwestern Asia, musk thistle thrives in pastures andrange lands, in waste areas, stream banks androad sides.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Nodding thistleClass B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: Musk thistle is a biennial or winterannual. 4 to 6 foot tall plants are common.Deeply lobed leaves are distinguished by a darkgreen blade with a prominent light green midrib.Flowers may be violet, purple, or rose colored.Flowers are typically “nodding” or bent over. Endsof stems supporting flowers are often nearlyleafless. Bloom is in June and July.CONTROL: Several biocontrol agents are availableand offer good control. Herbicides can offer goodto excellent control when applied between rosetteand pre-bud stages. Mechanical means can beused for control by chopping the plant off atthe ground. Contact your state or county weedspecialist for specific,updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

PERENNIAL PEPPERWEEDLepidium latifoliumBACKGROUND: Native to southern Europe andwestern Asia, perennial pepperweed is commonlyfound in wet drainage areas of waste areas,ditches, roadsides and crop lands.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Tall whitetop, broadleavedpeppergrassClass B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: Perennial pepperweed growsfrom 1 to 6 feet high. It has spreading lateralrootstocks. Leaves have smooth to lightlytoothed margins. Stems and leaves are waxy.White flowers form dense clusters at the end ofbranches. Flowering takes place from summerinto early fall.CONTROL: Biocontrol research is in early stages.Select herbicides can offer fair to good controlwhen applied to actively growing plants up topre-bloom. Contact your state or county weedspecialist for specific, updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

POISON HEMLOCKConium maculatumBACKGROUND: Poison hemlock is a Europeannative, growing 6 to 10 feet tall. It is commonlyfound along waterways, roadsides and field edgesand tolerates poorly drained soils. It has beenmistaken for parsley and wild carrot. All parts ofthe plant are toxic.Class B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: This biennial has a large taproot.The stems have purple spots, especially at thebases. Leaves are finely divided, having a fern-likeappearance. Leaf stems clasp the main stem. Thetiny flowers are in umbrella-shaped clusters onthe ends of individual stalks. Bloom is late springinto early summer.CONTROL: Biocontrol is available and offers fairto good control. Herbicides can offer excellentcontrol when applied to actively growing plantsbetween rosette and bloom stages. Contactyour state or county weed specialist for specific,updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

RUSSIAN KNAPWEEDCentaurea repensBACKGROUND: Russian knapweed is nativeto Eurasia. It infests rangelands, field edges,pasture, roadsides and other disturbed soils.Knapweeds release chemical substances intothe soil that inhibit the growth of competingvegetation. It can cause “Chewing disease” inhorses that consume it.Class B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: A perennial, Russian knapweedgrows 2 to 3 feet tall. Roots may go 8 feet deepor more. Basal leaves are lobed and are 2 to 4inches in length. It has pinkish flowers. Flowerbracts have membranous cream-colored tips.Bloom is early summer through late summer.CONTROL: Biocontrol is available, but limited.Select herbicides can offer good to excellentcontrol when applied between pre-bloom to thekilling frost. Contact your state or county weedspecialist for specific, updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

SCOTCH THISTLEOnopordum acanthiumBACKGROUND: Scotch thistle is native to Europeand eastern Asia. It grows well in waste areas,pastures, range land and along canal and streambanks.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Cotton thistleClass B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: This biennial plant commonlygrows 3 to 8 feet tall, but it may grow as highas 12 feet. Rosettes may be 4 feet wide. Largespiny leaves up to 2 feet long and 1 foot wideare covered with dense hair, giving a grayish,blue-green coloration. The flowers are violet toreddish with spine tipped bracts, blooming in midsummer.CONTROL: Biocontrol research is currently beingconducted. Herbicides can offer good to excellentcontrol when applied between rosette and prebudstages. Contact your state or county weedspecialist for specific, updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

SQUARROSE KNAPWEEDCentaurea virgataBACKGROUND: Squarrose knapweed is a nativeplant of the eastern Mediterranean area. It is verycompetitive on rangelands. Knapweed releasesa chemical substance reducing competingvegetation.Class B Weeds (Control)DESCRIPTION: This long-lived perennial grows12 to 18 inches tall. The rosette and stems havedeeply-lobed leaves. Flowers are rose to pink. It isoften confused with diffuse knapweed, but differsin that the toothed flower bracts are curvedoutward and are not laterally toothed. Bloomoccurs in early to mid-summer.CONTROL: Several biocontrol agents are available.Herbicides offer good to excellent control. Contactyour state or county weed specialist for specific,updated information.Class B Weeds (Control)

CLASS CWEEDS(CONTAINMENT)

CANADA THISTLECirsium arvenseBACKGROUND: A native to southeastern Eurasia,Canada thistle reproduces by seeds and rootstock.It is adaptable to a diverse range of habitats.Class C Weeds (Containment)OTHER COMMON NAMES: California thistle, fieldthistleDESCRIPTION: Canada thistle is a perennialplant usually from 1 to 4 feet tall, in sparse toextremely dense colonies. Leaves have spinytipped lobes. Flowerheads are softly spined,light pink to purple and are typically 3/4 inch indiameter. Bloom occurs in July and August.CONTROL: Several biocontrol agents are availableoffering fair control. Herbicides can offer goodcontrol when applied to actively growing plantsfrom spring to fall. As with most creepingperennials, digging or tillage is generally noteffective. Contact your state or county weedspecialist for specific, updated information.Class C Weeds (Containment)

FIELD BINDWEEDConvolvulus arvensisClass C Weeds (Containment)BACKGROUND: This European native reproducesfrom both seed and rootstock. Seeds may remainviable in the soil for up to 50 years. It grows infields, pastures, gardens, road sides and manyother areas. It may be found in areas up to10,000 feet in elevation.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Morningglory,bindweed, wild morning-gloryDESCRIPTION: Field bindweed is a perennial withstems up to 6 feet long growing prostrate, or itmay climb nearby vegetation. The root systemmay grow to a depth of 10 feet or more. Arrowshapedleaves are up to 2 inches long. Flowersare funnel shaped, white to pink and 1 inch wide.Bloom is from June through September.CONTROL: Biocontrol is not available. Severalherbicides offer good control when applied fromlate spring to the killing frost. Contact your stateor county weed specialist for specific, updatedinformation.Class C Weeds (Containment)

HOUNDSTONGUECynoglossum officinaleClass C Weeds (Containment)BACKGROUND: Houndstongue is a native ofEurope. It thrives in disturbed soils alongroadsides, trails, in pastures and rangelands.Because of the bur-like seed, it spreads widelyalong travel corridors as a passenger on clothingor animal fur. It is toxic to livestock.DESCRIPTION: Houndstongue is a 1 to 4 foot tallbiennial. Basal leaves are about 3 inches widewith a hairy surface. Upper leaves are narrower,about 1 inch wide and have a curled appearanceand partially clasp the stem. Small reddish purpleflowers form in the upper portions of the plantalong stems borne in leaf axils. Each flowerproduces 4 green, bur-like fruits that turn brownas they mature. Bloom is in early summer.CONTROL: Biocontrol is not available. Herbicidescan offer good to excellent control when appliedbetween the rosette and bloom stages. Diggingbefore seed development can offer good control.Contact your state or county weed specialistfor specific, updatedinformation.Class C Weeds (Containment)

QUACKGRASSElytrigia repensClass C Weeds (Containment)BACKGROUND: Originally found in theMediterranean area, quackgrass infests crops,rangeland, pasture and lawns. It adapts wellto moist soils in cool, temperate climates.It reproduces by seed and rhizomes. Theserhizomes can penetrate hardened soils and evenroots of other plants.DESCRIPTION: This perennial grass usually grows1 to 3 feet tall. Rhizomes are creamy colored andpointed. Leaf blades are up to a half inch wide.Near the tip of the leaves a band-like constrictionmay be present. Seedheads are 3 to 4 inches longand narrow.CONTROL: Biocontrol is not available. Herbicidescan offer good control when applied from earlyspring to winter. Contact your state or countyweed specialist for specific, updated information.Class C Weeds (Containment)

SALTCEDARTamarix ramosissimaClass C Weeds (Containment)BACKGROUND: Saltcedar was introduced fromEurasia and is found throughout the UnitedStates. It is widely used as an ornamental. Itcommonly infests lake and stream banks as wellas pastures and rangeland. Large plants cantranspire 200 gallons of water per plant per day,drying up ponds and streams.OTHER COMMON NAMES: Tamarisk, tamarik,tamarixDESCRIPTION: This perennial plant grows 5 to20 feet tall. Stems are reddish-brown. Leavesare small and scale-like. Branches are long andslender. White to pink flowers have 5 petalsand are borne in finger-like clusters. The rootsystem is extensive. Saltcedar may exhibit eitherdeciduous or evergreen traits.CONTROL: Biocontrol is available but is stillundergoing testing. Select herbicides can offerexcellent control when applied in late summerthrough early fall.Contact your state orcounty weed specialistfor specific, updatedinformation.Class C Weeds (Containment)

COUNTY WEEDCONTROL OFFICESBeaver105 E. CenterBeaver, UT 84713(435) 438-6461Box Elder5730 W. 8800 N.Tremonton, UT84337(435) 279-5258Cache527 N. 1000 W.Logan, UT 84321(435) 755-1562Carbon120 E... Main St.Price, UT 84501(435) 636-3270Daggett95 N. 100 W.P.O. Box 219Manila, UT 84046(435) 784-3218Davis1500 E.. 650 N.Fruit Heights, UT84037(801) 444-2230DuchesneBox 1081Duchesne, UT84021-0281(435) 738-2745(435) 822-2903 cellEmeryP.O. Box 629Castle Dale, UT 84513(435) 381-2933(435) 381-2920 FaxGarfieldP.O. Box 77CourthousePanguitch, UT 84759(435) 676-1119Grand125 E. Center St.Moab, UT 84532(435) 259-1369IronP.O. Box 1066Cedar City, UT 84721(435) 590-7323Juab160 N. MainNephi, UT 84648(435) 623-1593Kane76 N. MainKanab, UT 84741(435) 644-5312MillardP.O. Box 187Delta, UT 84624(435) 864-2467Morgan48 W. Young St.P.O. Box 720Morgan, UT 84050(435) 829-3360Piute550 N. MainP.O. Box 39Junction, UT 84740(435) 577-2901RichP.O. Box 218Rich Co. CourthouseRandolph, UT 84064(435) 793- 5575(435) 881-7612 cellSalt Lake7125 S. 600 W.Midvale, UT 84047(801) 562-6466San JuanCounty Road ShedP.O. Box 1292Monticello, UT 84535(435) 587-3225SanpeteP.O. Box 128Manti, UT 84642(435) 835-6442Sevier541 W. 600 N.Richfield, UT 84701(435) 896-6636Summit1755 S. Hoytsville Rd.Coalville, UT 84017(435) 336-3979Tooele47 S. MainTooele, UT 84074(435) 843-3402Uintah364 S. 1500 E.Vernal, UT 84078(435) 789-1073Utah2885 S. StateProvo, UT 84601(801) 851-8638Wasatch3000 S. 1981 W.P.O. Box 69Heber City, UT 84032(435) 657-3276Washington197 E. TabernacleSt. George, UT 84770(435) 634-5702Wayne295 N. 100 W.Loa, UT 84747(435) 836-2692(435) 691-3767 cellWeber2222 S. 1900 W.Ogden, UT 84401(801) 399-835664 65

STATE AND FEDERALOFFICESUtah Dept. of Agriculture and FoodMain OfficeP.O. Box 146500350 Redwood RoadSalt Lake City, UT 84114-6500(801) 538-7100UDAF-Information@utah.govUDAF Offices - Compliance SpecialistsCache, Rich CountiesCache CountyCourthouse179 N. Main, Ste 111FLogan, UT 84321(435) 752-6263(435) 757-3726 cellCarbon, Emery, Grand,San Juan CountiesCarbon CountyCourthouse120 E. MainPrice, UT 84501(435) 636-3234(435) 820-4267 cellBeaver, Iron, Kane,Washington CountiesAdministrative Bldg.197 E. TabernacleSt. George, UT 84770(435) 634-5708(435) 773-2024 cellJuab and So. UtahCounties151 S. University Ave.Ste 3100Provo, UT 84601(801) 851-7794(801) 602-1961 cellTooele, Wasatch, No.Utah Counties151 S. University Ave.Ste 3100Provo, UT 84601(801) 370-8495Garfield, Millard,Piute, Sevier, Sanpete,Wayne CountiesSevier CountyCourthouse250 N. Main #B40Richfield, UT 84701(435) 893-0476(435) 691-1995 cellSo. Salt Lake, Tooele,No. Utah Counties151 S.. University Ave.Ste 3100Provo, UT 84601(801) 851-7793(801) 368-2055 cellNo. Salt Lake, WestSummit Counties350 N. Redwood RdP.O. Box 146500Salt Lake City, UT84114-6500(801) 538-7186(801) 244-1776 cellWeber County128 17th StreetP.O. Box 1519Ogden, UT 84402(801) 392-2292(801) 244-1775 cellUSDA-APHIS-PPQ1860 W. Alexander St. Ste BWest Valley City, UT 84119(801) 975-331065 South 100 EastRichfield, UT 84701(435) 896-4772Davis, MorganCounties28 E. State StUSU ExtensionBox 618Farmington, UT84025-0618(801) 451-3406(801) 725-3715 cellBox Elder CountyBox Elder CountyCourthouse1 S.. Main St.Brigham City, UT84302(435) 734-3328(435) 764-1423 cellDaggett, Duchesne,Uintah, Wasatch, EastSummit Counties270 N. 500 W. (59-15)Roosevelt, UT 84066(435) 725-0202(435) 621-6029 cell66 67

REFERENCESAlbee, B. J., L. M. Shultz, and S. Goodrich, 1988.Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Utah. Utah Museum ofNatural History Occasional Publication No. 7, 670 pp.Callihan, R. H., and T. W. Miller, 1994.Idaho’s Noxious Weeds. Agricultural CommunicationsCenter, University of Idaho. 74 pp.Holmgren, A. H. and B.A. Andersen, 1970.Weeds of Utah. Utah Agricultural Experiment Station -Special Report 21. 115 pp.State of Utah, county weed control yearend reports.1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003.ORDERING INFORMATIONTo order additional copies of the NoxiousWeed Field Guide for Utah contact Utah StateUniversity Extension PublicationsPhone:(435) 797-2251 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. MSTMonday through FridayorE-mail:extension.publications@usu.eduWhitson, T. D., R. Stougaard, S. A. Dewey, et al., 1999.Montana - Utah - Wyoming Cooperative ExtensionServices 1999 - 2000 Weed Management Handbook.Cooperative Extension Service. iv, v, 291 pp.Whitson, T. D. et al., 2000.Weeds of the West. 9th Edition. The Western Society ofWeed Science. 630 pp.Utah State University is committed to providing an environment free from harassment andother forms of illegal discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age (40and older), disability, and veteran’s status. USU’s policy also prohibits discrimination on thebasis of sexual orientation in employment and academic related practices and decisions.Utah State University employees and students cannot, because of race, color, religion,sex, national origin, age, disability, or veteran’s status, refuse to hire; discharge; promote;demote; terminate; discriminate in compensation; or discriminate regarding terms, privileges,or conditions of employment, against any person otherwise qualified. Employees and studentsalso cannot discriminate in the classroom, residence halls, or in on/off campus, USU-sponsoredevents and activities.This publication is issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 andJune 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Noelle E. Cockett, VicePresident for Extension and Agriculture, Utah State University.68 69

Uintah County Weed Department