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Fig. 9. ψ 1 using different thresholds t on magnitudes of eigenvectorcomponents. [1 st row left] t = 1 [1 st row right] t = 0.8. [2 nd rowleft] t = 0.7 [2 nd row right] t = 0.6 [3 rd row left] t = 0.5 [3 rd rowright] t = 0.3.changes sign right at the necks. This is shown in Figure 4for ψ 3 for three obstructions (bottom left) and ψ 4 for fourobstructions (bottom right).V. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKIn this paper, we have presented a way to characterize theproperties of the configuration space using spectral analysison the PRM graph. It is evident that the spectral methodis a useful, easily computable and visualizable alternativeto direct geometrical methods of characterizing obstructionssuch as expansiveness. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of thegraph Laplacian reveal important information about the sizeand number of narrow passages and have a direct relationshipwith expansiveness. Particularly, the smallest nonzeroeigenvalue detects the severity of configuration spacedistortion and the spectral gap helps identify the number ofobstructions. Thus far we have only demonstrated an empiricalrelationship albeit very strong one between spectra andmotion planning difficulties. Work in underway in makingconcrete analysis of these connections. Finally this workdemonstrates the utility of spectral graph theory and spectralgeometry methods in robot motion planning.REFERENCES[1] S. M. LaValle, Planning Algorithms, Cambridge University Press,2006.[2] Jean Claude Latombe, Robot Motion Planning, Kluwer AcademicPublishers, Boston, MA, 1991.[3] H. Choset, K.M. Lynch, S. Hutchinson, G. Kantor, W. Burgard,L.E. Kavraki, and S. Thrun, ”Principles of Robot Motion : Theory,Algorithms, and Implementations,” The MIT Press, 2005.[4] L.E. Kavraki, P. Svestka, J.C. Latombe, and M.H. 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Advanced Robotics,14(6):477494, 2000.[21] Daniel A. Spielman, ”Spectral Graph Theory and its Applications,”48 th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science,FOCS 2007: Pages 29-38[22] B. Eckmann, “Harmonische Funktionen und Randwertaufgaben inEinem Komplex,” Commentarii Math. Helvetici, Vol. 17, 1945.[23] M. Desbrun, A. Hirani, and J. Marsden, “Discrete Exterior Calculusfor Variational Problems in Computer Graphics and Vision,” in Proc.42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2003.[24] R. Forman, “Combinatorial Differential Topology and Geometry,” NewPerspectives in Geometric Combinatorics, L. Billera et al. (eds.),Cambridge University Press, Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ. 38, 1999.[25] I. Chavel, Eigenvalues in Riemannian Geometry, Vol 115, Pure &Applied Mathematics, 1984.[26] Abubakr Muhammad and Magnus Egerstedt, ”Control Using HigherOrder Laplacians in Network Topologies,” Mathematical Theory ofNetworks and Systems, pp. 1024-1038, Kyoto, Japan, July, 2006.[27] S. Hoory, N. Linial, and Avi Wigderson, ”Expander Graphs and TheirApplications,” American Mathematical Society, Volume 43, Number4, Pages 439561, October 2006.

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