Handbook of clinical drug data.pdf - Me and My Life

TABLE 6–9. ELECTROLYTES AND REQUIREMENTSAVERAGE DAILYELECTROLYTES REQUIREMENT DOSAGE FORMS COMMENTS1043CATIONSSodium 60–150 mEq Sodium chloride concentrate (4 mEq/mL) Requirements during parenteral nutrition should not differ fromSodium acetate (2 mEq/mL)normal fluid therapy requirements unless there is excessiveSodium phosphate (4 mEq Na + /mL)sodium loss. Lactate and bicarbonate salts of sodium should not be used.Potassium 40–240 mEq Potassium chloride (2 mEq/mL) Requirements are related to glucose metabolism and thereforePotassium acetate (2 mEq/mL)increase with higher concentrations of dextrose infused.Potassium phosphate (4.4 mEq K + /mL)Magnesium 10–45 mEq Magnesium sulfate (4 mEq/mL) Requirements increase with anabolism but with less variation thanwith potassium.Calcium 5–30 mEq Calcium gluconate 10% (4.5 mEq/10 mL) Requirements increase only slightly during parenteral nutrition.Calcium chloride 10% (13 mEq/10 mL)Limited amounts of calcium and phosphate, as determined by compatibilityreferences, may be combined in solutions thatcontain amino acids.ANIONSPhosphate 10 mmol/1000 kcal Potassium phosphate (3 mmol P/mL, Abbott) Requirements increase with anabolism. Safe empirical dosageSodium phosphate (3 mmol P/mL, Abbott)guidelines should be developed, taking into account the sodium(other concentrations may vary accordingor potassium content of the phosphate solution.to manufacturer)Acetate andThe amounts of acetate and chloride contained in each amino acid solution vary. (See Table 6–8.) Acetate is metabolized to bicarbonate.ChlorideBicarbonate salts should not be added to PN solutions because of incompatibility.