Use of Brewer's Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Growth ...
Use of Brewer's Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Growth ...
Use of Brewer's Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Growth ...
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L. Pr<strong>as</strong>ad et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 13: 447-452 (2013) 449<strong>of</strong> the extract w<strong>as</strong> expressed <strong>as</strong> a percent <strong>of</strong> the tissueweight. Ash content w<strong>as</strong> estimated by incineratingsamples in a muffle furnace at 600°C for 6 hours. Totalcarbohydrate (%) w<strong>as</strong> calculated by subtractingprotein, fat, moisture, and <strong>as</strong>h from the total weight.Proximate carc<strong>as</strong>s compositions were analyzed beforeinitiation and after termination <strong>of</strong> the experiment.<strong>Growth</strong> StudyPost larvae from each tank were bulk weighed atthe end <strong>of</strong> experimental duration <strong>of</strong> 75 days. <strong>Growth</strong>performance w<strong>as</strong> <strong>as</strong>sessed <strong>as</strong> percent wt gain =100(final wt - initial wt)/initial wt, specific growthrate (SGR) = 100(ln final body wt - ln initial bodywt)/75 days, feed conversion ratio (FCR) = wt feedgiven/wt gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) = wtgain/protein intake, and apparent net proteinutilization (ANPU) = 100(final carc<strong>as</strong>s protein -initial carc<strong>as</strong>s protein)/protein fed.Statistical AnalysisData were statistically analyzed using SPSSversion 16.0. One-way analysis <strong>of</strong> variance(ANOVA) and Duncan ' s Multiple Range Test(Duncan, 1955) were applied to compare meansbetween treatments.Results and Discussion<strong>Ye<strong>as</strong>t</strong> Survival in FeedThe survival <strong>of</strong> ye<strong>as</strong>t in experimental feedsaffects growth performance <strong>of</strong> the host. In the presentstudy, the number <strong>of</strong> colony forming units in the feedsdropped <strong>as</strong> the storage period <strong>of</strong> the feed incre<strong>as</strong>ed(Table 2). Gabriel Aguirre-Guzman (2002) alsoobserved reduced counts <strong>of</strong> agglomerated S.<strong>cerevisiae</strong> in pelleted shrimp feeds, though the level<strong>of</strong> reduction may vary according to the procedureapplied and temperature and moisture level used fordrying.Gut MicrobesPseudomon<strong>as</strong> spp. Citrobacter spp. Aeromon<strong>as</strong>spp., Enterobacter spp., and Proteus spp., <strong>of</strong> bacteriawere commonly occurring in gills <strong>of</strong> post larvae.Citrobacter spp. Aeromon<strong>as</strong> spp., Enterobacter spp.,Plesiomon<strong>as</strong> spp., and Streptococcus spp., werecommonly occurring bacteria observed inhepatopancre<strong>as</strong>. Pseudomon<strong>as</strong> spp., Citrobacter spp.,Pantoea spp., Streptoccus spp., Sphingomon<strong>as</strong> spp.,Micrococcus spp., were most common bacterialgenera observed in haemolymph <strong>of</strong> post larvae <strong>of</strong>M.rosenbergii. Commonly observed bacterial generain gut <strong>of</strong> post larvae were Bacillus spp., Enterobacterspp., Pseudomon<strong>as</strong> spp., Streptococcus spp.,Klebsiella species. The occurrence <strong>of</strong> bacteria mayvary according to the water quality characteristicsused in rearing <strong>of</strong> post larva and bacterial load presentin feed supplied to the early larval stages. Bacterialcomposition in pond water, hatchery and larvae,rearing water h<strong>as</strong> been studied by Lalitha andSurendran (2004); and Uddin and Al-Harbi (2005),also reported some similar genera <strong>as</strong> observed in thisstudy. Colony characteristics and biochemical testsshowed that S. <strong>cerevisiae</strong> w<strong>as</strong> not present among theindigenous micr-<strong>of</strong>lora in the post larvae.Biochemical Composition <strong>of</strong> Feeds and Carc<strong>as</strong>sesBiochemical compositions and brewer’s ye<strong>as</strong>tcontent contents <strong>of</strong> the diets are presented in Table 3.Protein content <strong>of</strong> the diets were varying between35.23±0.04 to 35.24±0.10 percent. Lipid content <strong>of</strong>diets were varying between 5.63±0.05 to5.66±0.02.The diets prepared were statistically similarin their protein and lipid and carbohydrates values.After the feeding trail the proximate composition<strong>of</strong> the post larvae shows that the carc<strong>as</strong>s protein andlipid content in post larvae fed the supplementedfeeds are containing significantly higher protein andlipid amount(P
450 L. Pr<strong>as</strong>ad et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 13: 447-452 (2013)(Gomezgil, 1995). Various species <strong>of</strong> ye<strong>as</strong>t anddifferent ye<strong>as</strong>t containing products have been fed t<strong>of</strong>ish and crustaceans for <strong>as</strong>sortment <strong>of</strong> re<strong>as</strong>ons.Dietary ye<strong>as</strong>t h<strong>as</strong> been reported to improve thegrowth <strong>of</strong> fish species also (Noh et al., 1994; Oliva-Teles and Goncalves, 2001; Lara-Flores et al., 2003;Li and Gatlin; 2003, 2004).In addition to probableimmunostimulant properties ( Siwicki et al., 1994;Nakano et al., 1995). In the present study, all thefour ye<strong>as</strong>t supplemented diets showed better resultthan with control diet (Table 4). The highest weightgain percentage, SGR, PER, and ANPU and lowestFCR (P
L. Pr<strong>as</strong>ad et al. / Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 13: 447-452 (2013) 451Table 5. <strong>Growth</strong> performance <strong>of</strong> M. rosenbergii fed experimental diets for 75 days (meansd) supplemented with<strong>Saccharomyces</strong> <strong>cerevisiae</strong> supplemented dietsPerformance 0.0%Y 0.1%Y 0.2%Y 0.5%Y 1.0%YInitial weight (mg) 92.333.56 a 92.663.01 a 94.002.17 a 91.662.75 a 92.662.51 aFinal weight (mg) 421.482.74 a 461.112.93 b 486.482.31 d 477.965.56 c 455.372.56 bLive weight gain (%) 356.64±9.36 a 397.89±13.74 bc 417.71±11.73 bc 421.84±9.65 d 391.61±11.78 bSGR (% per day) 2.02±0.02 a 2.14±0.03 bc 2.19±0.03 c 2.19±0.30 c 2.12±0.03 bcFCR 1.95±0.05 c 1.72±0.02 b 1.67±0.04 ab 1.61±0.03 a 1.73±0.02 bPER 1.45±0.03 a 1.64±0.02 bc 1.72±0.04 bc 1.76±0.10 cd 1.63±0.04 bANPU 22.36±2.04 a 25.00±6.89 ab 32.06±1.01 c 32.42±5.25 c 32.22±0.48 cSurvival (%) 90 90 90 90 90*Value with identical superscript letters in the same row are significantly different (P
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