FINDING LOST CIVILIZATIONS This

Spiral in Scotland.Spirals in Ireland.Carl Jung theorized that in addition to our immediateconsciousness there existed a layer of the unconscious thatwas inborn and not derived from personal experience. Thisdeeper layer he called the “collective unconscious,” whichhe believed was a system of a collective, universal, and impersonalmakeup that was identical in all individuals. Heused the term “collective” because he believed that this partof the unconscious was not individual but universal; in contrastto the personal psyche, it has contents and modes ofbehavior that are more or less the same everywhere and inall individuals. Another theorist observed that all cells comefrom other cells and that as these cells evolved they conveyeda collective and instinctive memory. And that eachindividual both draws upon and contributes to the collectivememory of the species.122