Luas Broombridge_EIS_Book_1_Part_5_(Chapters_22-26).pdf

BOOK 1 of 5BroombridgeLuas BroombridgeSt. Stephen’s Green to Broombridge(Line BXD)CabraEnvironmentalImpactStatementPart 5 - Chapters 22–26PhibsboroughGrangegormanBroadstone - DITParnellDominickO’ConnellUpperMarlboroughO’Connell - GPOWestmorelandTrinityDawsonSt. Stephen’s Green

22 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL22.1 Introduction................................................................45722.2 Baseline assessment methodology.........................45722.2.1 Introduction..................................................................45722.2.2 Study area...................................................................45722.2.3 Baseline data...............................................................45822.2.4 Difficulties encountered...............................................459Broombridge22.3 Baseline categorisation criteria...............................45922.3.1 Landscape character...................................................45922.3.2 Landscape value .........................................................45922.3.3 Existing adverse effects(landscape quality or condition)...................................45922.3.4 Landscape sensitivity ..................................................45922.3.5 Baseline rating ............................................................45922.4 description and categorisation of thebaseline environment ...............................................46122.4.1 Description of the baseline environment......................46122.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environment................46122.5 References.................................................................496CabraPhibsboroughGrangegormanBroadstone - DITParnellDominickO’ConnellUpperMarlboroughO’Connell - GPOWestmorelandTrinityDawsonSt. Stephen’s GreenBASELINE

LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL22.1 IntroductionThis is the Landscape and Visual baseline chapterof the Luas Broombridge Environmental ImpactStatement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluatesthe existing landscape character and visual aspectsof the environment that is likely to be impacted by theproposed scheme.Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (RailwayInfrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EISmust contain a description of the aspects of theenvironment that are likely to be significantly affectedby a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS hasbeen prepared in order to fulfil the requirement toaddress the Landscape and Visual aspect of theenvironment. It should be read in conjunction withthe Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).Landscape character and resources are consideredto be of importance although they may not bedirectly visible to people. Impacts on visual amenityas perceived by viewers are therefore clearlydistinguished from, although closely linked to, impactson landscape character and resources.The term “landscape” is generally used throughoutthis chapter when referring to landscape resourcesand landscape character. This term “landscape” isreplaced with the term “townscape” when referring tolandscape in the context of a predominantly built-uparea. The term “streetscape” is used when referringto the make up of the street, i.e. the surface finishes,building façades, street furniture, tree planting, etc.Prior to compiling this chapter, the Dublin CityDevelopment Plan (DCDP) 1 was reviewed to ascertainif it contained any plans, policies or objectives relatingto landscape and visual amenity.The relevant findings of this review are detailed in thePlanning and Policy Context chapter of the EIS(Book 1, Chapter 3).22.2 Baseline ASSESSMENT METhodOLOgy22.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existingenvironment against which future changes can bemeasured. This section presents the methodologyused in assessing the baseline landscape and visualenvironment. The scope for the assessment has beeninformed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP),statutory consultees, bodies with environmentalresponsibility and other interested parties. Themethodology has been devised in consideration of thefollowing guidelines:■■■■■■Guidelines on the Information to be Contained inEnvironmental Impact Statements 2Advice Notes on Current Practice in thePreparation of Environmental Impact Statements 3Guidelines for Landscape and Visual ImpactAssessment 4■■Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol. 11,Environmental Assessment 5■■Visual Amenity Valuation of Trees and Woodland(the Helliwell System) Guidance No. 4 6■■Environmental Impact of National Road Schemes –A Practical Guide 7■■A Guide to Landscape Treatments for NationalRoads Schemes in Ireland 8The general baseline assessment methodology isdefined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 5). The baseline landscape and visualenvironment has been defined through a desktopstudy, consultation with relevant stakeholders and fieldsurveys. The baseline environment is then categorisedusing the criteria outlined in Section 22.3 and baselineratings are assigned. These baseline ratings aresubsequently used in the Landscape and Visualimpact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3,Chapter 13) to help determine the impact significance.22.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to thepotential for landscape and visual impacts from theproposed scheme. The visual assessment is basedon the zone of visual influence, i.e. the intervisibilitybetween the viewers and the proposed scheme and isdetermined by the presence of buildings, structures,hedgerows and other local features which obscurevisibility toward the proposed route.The dimensions for the study area are dependent onthe local landscape. In built-up urban areas withinthe city, the study area typically extends to the edgesof the buildings on either side of the centre line ofthe proposed scheme having regard also to viewsin towards the alignment from adjacent streets,public spaces, along the alignment itself and alsowith regard to longer distance views along streetalignments. The extent of the study area in locationswhere the proposed scheme runs through the formerBroadstone railway cutting, typically extends to therear boundaries of the houses on either side of thealignment and laterally along the former BroadstoneEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge457

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.2 Evaluation criteria for baseline categorisation of landscape*CriteriaA landscape protected by an International or national designation, (SpecialArea Amenity Order (SAAO), candidate Special Area of Conservation(cSAC), proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA), etc.).A landscape widely acknowledged for its distinctive features and thequality and value of its elements and edge condition.A landscape with distinctive character and low capacity to accommodatechange.Absence of negative elements**.A landscape widely acknowledged as containing elements of nationalimportance. National designation may apply.A landscape containing features of historical, ecological, socio-cultural, ornational importance.A landscape acknowledged for its quality and value.A landscape having the capacity to accommodate change to a certaindegree.Some negative elements.A landscape that exhibits positive character.A landscape that is locally important.A landscape of some quality and value but with some adverse conditions.A landscape whose character, landuse pattern and scale would have thecapacity to accommodate change.Some negative elements.A landscape of local importance but with some degraded elements orconditions.A landscape where lack of management/intervention is evident.A landscape where change is unlikely to be detrimental.A landscape which is dominated by dereliction and neglect with evidenceof anti-social behaviour such as graffiti, vandalism and littering.A landscape where change is likely to be positive.BASELINE RATINgVery highHighMediumLowVery low* Refers to landscape, townscape, or streetscape.** Negative elements, e.g. volumes of traffic, noise, dereliction, unmanaged areas.460Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.3 Evaluation criteria for baseline categorisation of visual amenity and viewers*CriteriaViews from high usage public spaces, lack of visual clutter and absence oftraffic and other elements which may cause visual degradation.Areas containing protected views as outlined in the DCDP 1 .Viewers with a profound interest in the view such as direct observers (e.g.from a restaurant), views from local residential properties, residential careunits with direct views to the development.Some visual discordance in streetscape. Traffic movements distractingvisually but not predominant.Viewers with a proprietary interest and prolonged viewing opportunitiessuch as local residents and frequent recreational users.Viewers with a moderate interest in their environment such as recreationaland less frequent users of recreational facilities, e.g. walkers along theRoyal Canal, users of any adjacent parks.Viewers within a landscape dominated by traffic. Visual condition of thelandscape is degraded.Viewers within an exclusively trafficked landscape (i.e. a major roadway oradjacent to one with no mitigation). Viewers with a passive or temporaryview of the landscape such as motorists.Viewers with a passing interest in their surroundings or whose interest isnot specifically focused on the landscape.Viewer within a degraded landscape.BASELINE RATINgVery highHighMediumLowVery low* Tables 22.2 and 22.3 are guides only. Each case is assessed on its own merits, on a “site specific” basis using professionaljudgement and experience.22.4 Description and CATEgORISATIONof the baseline environment22.4.1 Description of the baseline environmentThe receiving environment consists of two mainlandscape types – urban and suburban.22.4.1.1 Urban (Area 29)This landscape type is located between St. Stephen’sGreen to the south and Constitution Hill to thenorth, incorporating some or all of Dawson Street,Nassau Street, College Green, Westmoreland Street,O’Connell Street Lower and Upper, Parnell Street,Parnell Square, Marlborough Street, Eden Quay,Hawkins Street, College Street, Dominick Street Lowerand Upper.from Fassaugh Road to the rear of the housinglocated along St. Attracta Road and adjacent to thederelict lands along the Royal Canal to the north andterminating at Broombridge.22.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environmentA total of 26 LLCAs within both the urban andsuburban baseline are identified and shown inTables 22.4 and 22.5. The results of the baselinecategorisation for each of the LLCAs are summarisedin Tables 22.4 and 22.5. This information is alsoillustrated on the map (Baseline Landscape and Visual)included in Book 4 of this EIS.22.4.1.2 Suburban (Area 30)This landscape type commences at the rear of theBroadstone Bus Depot, where the proposed schemefollows the former Broadstone railway cutting, runningin a northwest direction through the residential area ofCabra, traversing the North Circular Road, Cabra Roadand Fassaugh Road. The proposed scheme continuesEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge461

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBaselineRATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 1 ContinuedStephen’s Green Shopping Centre, the extensivelypedestrianised junction of Grafton Street and South KingStreet, which includes an area of bicycle racks, and theexisting Luas Green Line terminus are also prominentvisual features in this area. The sensitivity of this characterarea to the proposed scheme is assessed as high in termsof its visual amenity baseline rating, primarily due to theadjacent St. Stephen’s Green Park and edge condition ofthe buildings. Although St. Stephen’s Green has a veryhigh landscape designation due to its National Monumentstatus, the urban space around it is of a lesser quality giventhe high levels of pedestrian traffic, poor surfacing andfinishes in some areas, existing Luas Line and stop, retailunits, street signage, bicycle racks, and other streetscapeelements. Therefore, in terms of landscape, a baselinerating of high is appropriate as it would account for theabove mentioned interventions some of which lower theoverall value from very high to high. For similar reasons thevisual rating would also be reduced from very high to high.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge463

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 2DesignationsSt. Stephen’s Green North, Dawson Street and the buildingsalong its eastern edge are designated as a CA in theDCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsalong the southern end of Dawson Street.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to St.Stephen’s Green Park.DescriptionSt. Stephen’s Green Park is located to the south of St.Stephen’s Green North (Beaux Walk), while to the norththe terraces of buildings are predominantly of mixedcommercial, cultural and leisure use. The road carriagewayis a wide thoroughfare consisting of three lanes of traffic,with taxi ranks on both sides of the street. At the top ofGrafton Street the pedestrian surface consists of brickpaving setts in a herringbone pattern with linear bands ofgranite flags and white ceramic banding. Further along St.Stephen’s Green North, on the north side of the street, thepaving is characterised by precast concrete paving slabswith granite kerbs along the footpath edge. There is a smallarea of granite cobbles at the entrance to the Topshop retailunit.To the south of the street the wide footpath is characterisedby the granite flags, granite kerbs, the Lime tree plantinginterspersed between the line of cast iron public lightingstandards and the line of granite bollards along the footpathedge.There are two stone troughs located at the crossing nearDawson Street, where there is also a monument erected byLady Laura Grattan.St. Stephen’sGreen North(Grafton Streetto DawsonStreet, includingspur to east ofDawson Street)(LLCA 2)HighHigh464Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 2 ContinuedAlthough, as with LLCA 1, St. Stephen’s Green has a veryhigh landscape designation due to its National Monumentstatus, the urban space around it is of a lesser quality giventhe levels of vehicular traffic accessing Dawson Street,poor surfacing and finishes in some areas, existence ofbus routes and bus stops, existing traffic flow to the westof Dawson Street, retail units, street signage, and otherstreetscape elements. Therefore, in terms of landscape, abaseline rating of high is appropriate as it would accountfor the above mentioned interventions some of which lowerthe overall value from very high to high. The lower ratingis particularly influenced by the heavy volume of trafficonto Dawson Street. The visual amenity and townscapecharacter is of a very high quality given the open nature ofthe street, the presence of St. Stephen’s Green Park, thehigh quality paving and bollards along the south side, andthe quality of a number of the buildings along the north sideof the street. However, the presence of significant light andheavy vehicular traffic, taxi ranks and street signage hasthe effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape thusresulting in the lower baseline rating of high.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge465

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 3DesignationsDawson Street itself, along with South Anne Street andDuke Street to the west, the Mansion House, Nassau Streetand the grounds associated with Trinity College Dublin(TCD) to the south are designated as a CA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsalong Dawson Street and adjacent side streets.Z8 – CA zoning applies to Dawson Street and the groundsat TCD along Nassau Street.DescriptionDawson Street is a heavily trafficked route with significantpedestrian and vehicular traffic flows including a highnumber of bus routes. The vehicular traffic comes in aone-way direction from the St. Stephen’s Green area, ontoDawson Street. At the northern end of Dawson Street onlybuses, taxis, and cycles are permitted to route west towardsthe north of the city along Nassau Street and SuffolkStreet with all traffic movements permitted to turn rightand route east to the south of the city along Nassau Streettowards Merrion Square. The exception to the restrictionson movement west onto Nassau Street is during the earlymorning period when access for servicing of premises onGrafton Street and Suffolk Street is allowed.The pedestrian realm is generally of poor quality, withfootpaths consisting of cracked and mismatched paving andinfills of asphalt where paving has not been replaced afterrepair work. The granite kerbing along Dawson Street islisted in the DCDP 1 “to be retained or restored and includedin the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.At the southern end of Dawson Street, to the west side ofthe street, the footpath is characterised by a mix of concreteslabs and brick paving setts with a granite stone kerb alongthe footpath edge. There are also a number of basementcellar covers in this location.The footpath on the east of Dawson Street is characterisedby poor quality brick paviours with a precast concretedrainage channel running along the centre of the footpathand a granite stone kerb along the footpath edge.Dawson Street(St. Stephen’sGreen toNassau Street)(LLCA 3)HighHigh466Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 3 ContinuedFurther north along Dawson Street to the front of theMansion House is a cobbled car park area which extendsonto the public footpath at the entrance and exit points tothe car park. In between the entrance and exit points thefootpath is formed with precast concrete paving slabs anda granite kerb along the edge. There are two lines of castiron bollards in this location – one to the front and one to theback of the footpath.Further north, at the entrance to St. Ann’s Church, there isan area of old granite stone paving marking the entrance tothe church.Between St. Ann’s Church and the corner of Nassau Streetthe footpath consists of precast concrete paving slabs andgranite kerbs. There are a number of mature street trees,London Plane (Plantus x hispanica), along the footpath,some of which have caused damage to the paving aroundthem. These areas have been repaired with tarmacadam,thus reducing the visual quality of the pedestrian realm inthis area.The road surface consists of a standard asphalt finishwith associated white or yellow line road markings. Theprimary visual focus along this street is the array ofhistoric buildings, many of them being listed as ProtectedStructures in the DCDP 1 , with the Mansion House, St. Ann’sChurch, and the Morrison Chambers building at the cornerof Dawson Street and Nassau Street being of particularimportance. Also of visual significance are the decorativestreet lights (Scotts Arc lamp standards) and the maturestreet tree planting along the street.While the quality of the surface finishes along the footpathsare poor, the visual amenity and townscape character inthis area is of a high standard – given the presence ofthe many historic buildings along the street. However, thepresence of significant light and heavy traffic has an effectof lowering the quality of streetscape and its visual amenity,thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of high for both thelandscape and visual elements.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge467

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 4DesignationsDawson Street, Nassau Street, and the grounds at TCD aredesignated as a CA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsalong Nassau Street.Z8 – CA zoning applies to Dawson Street and the groundsat TCD along Nassau Street.DescriptionThis junction between Dawson Street and Nassau Streetis heavily trafficked with both pedestrian and vehiculartraffic. The entrance to the Trinity Arts Block is located atthe junction (St. Patrick’s Well). There is some tree planting,Elm (Ulnus glabora) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), in thegrounds of TCD itself, which overhang onto the street.The pedestrian realm is characterised by the strong edgeformed by the stone boundary wall and railings of TCDadjacent to the narrow footpath to the north of the street andthe heavily pedestrianised footpaths consisting of concretepaving slabs with granite kerbs along Dawson Street to thesouth. There is also a line of bicycle racks and trees locatedalong the footpath on Dawson Street approaching andadjacent to the House of Ireland building.The general townscape and visual amenity character at thisjunction could be considered high given the proximity of theadjacent TCD campus and the Morrison Chambers buildingon the corner of Dawson Street. However, the presenceof significant light and heavy traffic and the visual clutterof the street furniture and street signage have an effect oflowering the quality of the streetscape and visual amenity,thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of medium for bothlandscape and visual elements.St. Patrick’s Well(LLCA 4)MediumMedium468Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 5DesignationsThe grounds at TCD, some of the buildings along GraftonStreet (lower), and all the surrounding streetscapes aredesignated as a CA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsalong Dawson Street and Grafton Street (lower).Z8 – CA zoning applies to grounds at TCD along NassauStreet.DescriptionThis section of Nassau Street, between Grafton Streetand Dawson Street is a heavily trafficked route with bothpedestrian and vehicular traffic. The footpaths on both sidesof the street are quite narrow, but particularly the footpathadjacent to TCD grounds. The façade of the House ofIreland has evidence of remedial works to make safe thecladding of the building.The footpath to the south of the street, adjacent to the retailunits, is characterised by the relatively recently installedgranite paving, granite kerbs and cast iron bollards along theroad edge. A portion of this footpath is partially covered bythe overhang of the building at the House of Ireland.The narrower footpath to the north of the street ischaracterised by the precast concrete paving slabs andgranite kerb along the edge of the TCD boundary. Thegranite kerbing is listed in the DCDP 1 “to be retained orrestored and included in the City Council’s Programme forRestoration”.The paving is in reasonably good condition with a limitedamount of cracking and patching and other streetscapeelements.The only tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of theroute alignment are the trees located within the TCDgrounds, Elm and Rowan. While the proximity of theadjacent TCD grounds adds to the visual amenity valuealong this section of the route, the presence of significantlight and heavy traffic volumes has the effect of lowering thequality of the streetscape and visual amenity, thus resultingin a baseline rating of medium for both landscape and visualelements.Nassau Street(Dawson Streetto Grafton StreetLower)(LLCA 5)MediumMediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge469

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 6DesignationsAll of the buildings and all the surrounding streetscapes aredesignated as a CA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsto the north and south of College Green and alongWestmoreland Street.Z8 – CA zoning.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to groundsat TCD to the east.DescriptionThis route is a heavily trafficked area carrying buses andcars from the north side of the city around TCD towardsthe Merrion Square area. There is also a taxi rank present.There are significant pedestrian movements around theentrance to TCD and surrounding the bus stops outside.There is also the iconic Molly Malone statue located onthe opposite side of the road to TCD which attracts manyonlookers and tourists. This side of the street has a widefootpath to facilitate the large pedestrian volumes along theGrafton Street–O’Connell Street axis.The footpath to the west of the street consists of relativelyrecent granite stone paving with granite kerbs, generally ingood condition and with street furniture (bins, bicycle standsand lighting) throughout.The narrower footpath to the east of the street, surroundingthe grounds at TCD, consists of precast concrete pavingslabs with a granite kerb edge. The paving is generally ingood condition and the granite kerbing is listed in the DCDP 1“to be retained or restored and included in the City Council’sProgramme for Restoration”.The street is bounded to the east by TCD grounds and itsboundary wall and railings, which adds to the character andvisual amenity of the street.The main tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of theroute are the trees located within the boundary of the TCDgrounds, Norway Maple (Acer Platanoides), London Planeand Holly (Ilex aquifolium), and along the junction with DameStreet, London Plane. There are a number of mature trees(London Plane) of high landscape value located on thetraffic islands at College Street and Dame Street and withinthe footpath on Westmoreland Street visible from this LLCA.Grafton StreetLower(LLCA 6)MediumMedium470Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 6 ContinuedThe principal visual feature of note is TCD itself, particularlythe entrance façade and the Provost’s House.The Molly Malone statue and Grattan’s statue also formimportant visual features. The visual amenity and townscapecharacter of this area is high, given the proximity to theadjacent TCD grounds, which visually dominate the area.The presence of significant light and heavy traffic, bicyclestands, and a taxi rank has an effect of lowering the qualityof the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting inthe lower baseline rating of medium for both landscape andvisual elements.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge471

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 7DesignationsAll of the buildings and all the surrounding streetscapesare designated as a CA in the DCDP 1 , as well as the pointwhere College Green meets Westmoreland Street which isdesignated as an Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) inthe DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsto the north and south of College Green and alongWestmoreland Street.Z8 – CA zoning.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to groundsat TCD to the east.DescriptionThis area, located between the bottom of Dame Street, theBank of Ireland building and the main entrance to TCD, is aheavily trafficked junction outside of weekday peak hours,open in character, with traffic coming from the Dame Streetarea towards the quays and the north side of the city viaWestmoreland Street and O’Connell Bridge, and trafficcoming in from the north side of the city via College Streettowards Dame Street and the Merrion Square area. Theentrance to TCD provides a focal point to the space. Thevisual amenity and townscape character in this area is veryhigh but is, at present, somewhat reduced by the dominatingvisual impact of road traffic reducing its baseline rating tohigh.The area around College Green is characterised by highquality paving for the most part, with a portion of thefootpath partially covered by the portico of the Bank ofIreland building. The granite paving is listed in the DCDP 1“to be retained or restored and included in the City Council’sProgramme for Restoration”.There is cobblestone paving at the entrance to TCD, addingto the character and historic nature of this area of the city.The main tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of theroute alignment are the trees, London Plane at the end ofDame Street, on the traffic island adjacent to College Streetand the trees located within the grounds of TCD.College Green(LLCA 7)HighHigh472Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 7 ContinuedThe presence of TCD itself, as well as the Bank of Irelandbuilding, formerly the Parliament House, with its imposingcolonnades and curving screen walls onto the cornerof College Green gives this area a landscape baselinerating of very high. However, the presence of significantvolumes of traffic has the effect of lowering the landscapebaseline rating to high and the visual amenity quality of thestreetscape from a very high rating to give a visual amenitybaseline rating of high.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge473

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 8DesignationsWestmoreland Street itself and some of the buildings alongits eastern edge are designated as a CA in the DCDP 1 , aswell as the buildings on either side of the street and thestreetscape itself which is designated as an ACA in theDCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsto the east and west of Westmoreland Street.Z8 – CA zoning.DescriptionThis is a wide street of predominantly mixed use with trafficaccessing the quays, O’Connell Bridge and O’Connell Streetto the north of the city. The traffic on Westmoreland Streetis dominated by buses moving towards the city centre,with bus stops along the western edge of the street whichexperiences more pedestrian movement than the easternside of the street. The pedestrian realm in this area ischaracterised by footpaths consisting of concrete pavingslabs with granite kerb edges, in reasonably good conditionwith no significant cracking or patching. There is also a lineof bicycle racks located on the west side of the street. Theside street (Fleet Street) which opens up towards TempleBar to the west is characterised by cobblestone pavingtypical of the Temple Bar area. There is some street treeplanting along the western edge including a significantdouble line of trees of good visual character. Trees withinthe adjacent LLCA of College Green are also visible fromthis location.The buildings on the southern end of O’Connell Street andthe associated Monument of Light (The Spire) are visiblefrom Westmoreland Street and form the main visual focusto the north. The visual amenity and townscape character inthis area is high, due to the scale of the buildings on eitherside of the street, relative to the street width. However,the presence of significant light and heavy traffic, busstop signage and street signage has an effect of loweringthe quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thusresulting in the lower baseline rating of medium for bothlandscape and visual elements.WestmorelandStreet(LLCA 8)MediumMedium474Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 9DesignationsThe area is designated as a CA, and as an ACA in theDCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingseither side of the river.Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal,coastal and river amenities” applies to the River Liffey.DescriptionO’Connell Bridge, an important historical feature, is the mainpedestrian and vehicular link between the north and southsides of the city. It is a wide, heavily trafficked thoroughfare,divided by a central island with planters and lighting,providing both a visual and physical relief through themiddle of the street. This concept extends the whole way upO’Connell Street to the north, by means of a wider centralmedian. The bridge itself is open in character having a highlevel of visual amenity value and townscape character.The paving in this area is characterised by concrete pavingslabs with a granite kerb edge, with the exception of thecentral median which is surfaced with macadam and agranite kerb edge, and is in reasonably good condition.There is no significant cracking or patching evident,considering the high levels of pedestrian movementtraversing the bridge. The granite kerbing is listed in theDCDP 1 “to be retained or restored and included in the CityCouncil’s Programme for Restoration”.There is some tree planting along the quays on both sides ofthe river and in the foreground of the view along O’ConnellStreet.The bridge itself is an important visual feature at thislocation crossing the corridor of the River Liffey whichdivides the city north and south both physically and visually.O’Connell Bridge itself offers views to the east and the west,along the River Liffey corridor.Given the historic importance of the bridge and adjacentbuildings located in an ACA the townscape and visualamenity of this area is very high. However, traffic flows, busmovement, high levels of pedestrian movement, traffic lights,and other streetscape elements lower the overall quality ofthe streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in thelower baseline rating of high for both landscape and visualelements.O’ConnellBridge(LLCA 9)HighHighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge475

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 13DesignationsThe buildings and streetscapes along the quays aredesignated as a CA, and the area to the east of Eden Quayis designated as an ACA in the DCDP 1 .A “road scheme and bridges” zoning objective applies to aportion of the river connecting the quays north and south.Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsalong Abbey Street, Eden Quay and Burgh Quay.Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal,coastal and river amenities” applies to the River Liffey.DescriptionEden Quay is a busy traffic corridor carrying significantvolumes of traffic from the city centre through to the eastand northeast of the city. The area takes advantage of theriver frontage by means of a boardwalk along the northernbank of the river, which extends further west along theriver corridor, upstream of O’Connell Bridge. The widestreet corridor facilitates a variety of movement, with aconcentration of bus stops generating pedestrian activity.Liberty Hall is located on the eastern end of Eden Quay andprovides a visual focus along the quays, dominating theskyline at this location.The pedestrian realm in this area is characterised byconcrete paving slabs with a granite kerb edge and is inreasonably good condition considering the high levels ofpedestrian movement and bus stops throughout. There area line of trees, London Plane, planted along the southernriver front, on the other side of the river. The river edgefrontage and associated boardwalk provide the main visualfocus at this location, and are of high visual amenity value,providing views out over the river towards the curtilageand towards the city centre. The presence of significantvolumes of traffic and bus parking has an effect of loweringthe quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thusresulting in the baseline rating of medium for both landscapeand visual elements.Eden Quay(LLCA 13)MediumMediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge479

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 14DesignationsThe buildings along the western edge of Hawkins Street aredesignated as an ACA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsalong Hawkins Street.DescriptionHawkins Street is a narrow street, with a relatively low levelof traffic movement, and is mainly accessed by bus routeswhich stop and park along the eastern edge of the streetand to the south of the street outside Hawkins House beforeturning onto Townsend Street.The paving in this area is characterised by narrow footpathsof poor visual amenity for the most part, with uneven surfacefinishes and cracks throughout. There are bollards alongthe eastern edge of the pavement outside Hawkins Houseand the Screen Cinema, which fronts onto Townsend Street.There is no tree planting provided along Hawkins Street.The Sheahan Memorial statue to the north of HawkinsStreet provides the main visual focus at this location. Muchof the streetscape is of poor quality, with intermittent surfacecar parking, and a poor quality of visual enclosure.Significant bus parking also lowers the visual amenity andthe quality of the pedestrian realm, thus resulting in a lowbaseline rating for both landscape and visual elements.Hawkins Street(LLCA 14)LowLow480Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 15DesignationsThe area is designated as a CA in the DCDP 1 , includingsome of the streetscapes and buildings to the north ofCollege Street which are also designated as an ACA.Landuse ZoningsZ5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsalong College Street and adjacent streets to the north.Z8 – CA zoning and Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Landszoning applies to the grounds of TCD.DescriptionThis is a heavily trafficked area, visually open in character,with traffic coming in a one-way system from the east sideof the city via Pearse Street and from the north via D’OlierStreet towards Dame Street and Grafton Street (lower) orWestmoreland Street. The visual amenity and townscapecharacter in this area is very high due to the adjacent TCDcampus, Bank of Ireland building and the Westin Hotel.The main tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of theroute alignment are the trees, Norway Maple, London Planeand Holly, located within the boundary of the TCD grounds,and at the junction of College Street and WestmorelandStreet, London Plane.The presence of significant light and heavy traffic has aneffect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and its visualamenity, thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of highfor both landscape and visual elements.College Street(LLCA 15)HighHighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge481

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 16DesignationsAll of the buildings along this portion of Parnell Street, andthe surrounding streetscape are designated in the DCDP 1as a CA, including an ACA which applies to some of thebuildings to the west of Parnell Street.Landuse ZoningsZ8 – Residential Zoning applies to some of the residentialareas to the north of Parnell Street.Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildingsto the south of Parnell Street and along Marlborough Street.Z8 – CA zoning applies to the buildings along CavendishRow.Z14 – District Centre (incorporating Prime Urban Centres)applies to the buildings along the northern edge of ParnellStreet.Parnell Street(to the westof O’ConnellStreet)(LLCA 16)DescriptionParnell Street is a heavily trafficked street carrying trafficfrom O’Connell Street and the northeast of the city towardsthe south quays via Capel Street and the N1 and N2 viaParnell Square West. There are also high volumes ofpedestrian traffic along the route due to the many retailstores located along the street – including the ILAC Centre,Moore Street and the Parnell Centre. The visual amenityand townscape character in this area is medium, with areasof dereliction offset by important buildings such as theRotunda Hospital building and the AIB building.There is a mix of paving finishes along the footpaths.Between O’Connell Street and Moore Lane there is modularpaving with a granite kerb. The paving in this location isgenerally poor condition.Between Moore Lane and Moore Street the finish is a mixof modular paving, granite stone paving (at the entrance toJury’s Hotel) and precast concrete paving slabs with a mixof “slipform” concrete kerbs and granite kerbs.The paving near Moore Lane, to the south of the street, is inpoor condition, while the precast concrete slabs and granitepaving are in relatively good condition. There is also a lineof cast iron bollards to the edge of the footpath along thissection of the footpath to the south of the street. BetweenMoore Street and Parnell Mall the paving is paviours withslipform concrete kerbs in good condition.MediumMedium482Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 16 ContinuedThere are also bicycle racks and a telephone kiosk locatedon this section of the street.Along the middle of Parnell Street is a tree-lined medianwith modular paving surface finish and “slip-form” concretekerbs. The paving along the median is in good condition.There are a number of Lime tree cultivars located along themedian and also some tree planting on the grounds of theRotunda Hospital adjacent to the footpath in this location.The footpath between Cavendish Row and Parnell SquareWest, adjacent to the Rotunda Hospital, consists of precastconcrete paving slabs with a granite kerb. There is a smallportion of stone cobbles at the vehicular entrance to thehospital. To the back of the footpath is the original metalrailing set on a granite stub wall forming the boundary to thehospital grounds. The precast concrete paving slabs are in afair condition, although a number of them are cracked. Thereis a mix of surface finishes on the footpath between ParnellSquare West and Dominick Street Lower. To the front ofthe recently completed Tesco store on Parnell Street, thereare granite paving stones with granite kerbs all in goodcondition. The remainder of the footpath consists of modularpaving with “slipform” concrete kerbs in poor condition andunsightly due to poor maintenance.There is a line of cast iron bollards along the edge ofthe footpath at the Tesco store and bicycle racks and atelephone kiosk along the footpath at the Parnell SquareWest end of the footpath. The road surface itself is asphaltwith its associated line markings.The primary visual features of importance in this locationare the Rotunda Hospital building, the AIB building onthe corner with O’Connell Street and the Parnell NationalMonument at the top of O’Connell Street. There are areasof dereliction and low visual quality, in particular aroundthe Moore Lane area of the street and the constructionsite at the corner with Dominick Street Lower. The viewlooking northeast along the street takes in the ParnellNational Monument at the top of O’Connell Street. Trafficvolumes on Parnell Street, setting down areas, poor qualitypaving and other streetscape elements lower the qualityof the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting ina medium baseline rating for both landscape and visualelements.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge483

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 17DesignationsA portion of Dominick Street Lower and some of thesurrounding buildings are designated as a CA.Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential Zoning.Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning.Z8 – CA zoning.Z13 – Housing Rejuvenation Area applies to the buildingsalong Dominick Street Lower and adjacent streets.DescriptionDominick Street Lower, located between Parnell Street andBolton Street is a primarily residential street, of medium-risebuildings in the form of flats, with St. Saviour’s DominicanChurch and Priory and the Georgian terraces located atthe Bolton Street end of the street. St. Saviour’s and theGeorgian terraces are part of the original streetscape andare of good quality but are located within the very poorquality streetscape of the southern end of Dominick StreetLower. At the corner of Parnell Street and Dominick StreetLower there is a construction site with a line of site hoardingto the back of the footpath.The street is relatively wide and open in character withsurface car parking on both sides of the street.To the east of the street there is a narrow footpath with an insitu concrete finish with concrete kerbs all in poor condition.There is a portion of old granite stone paving and granitekerbs in front of St. Saviour’s Dominican Church and Priory,which is listed in the DCDP 1 “To be retained or restored andincluded in the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.There is a small portion of modular paving at the vehicularentrance to the church. Between this entrance and BoltonStreet the footpath is finished with precast concrete pavingslabs.To the west of the street, between Parnell Street andDominick Lane, the footpath consists of precast concreteslabs with a granite kerb along the edge, all in fair condition.Between Dominick Lane and Bolton Street the footpathconsists of an in situ concrete finish with a concrete kerb inpoor condition.Dominick StreetLower(LLCA 17)LowLow484Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 17 ContinuedTree planting to the east of the street is contained withinthe open space in front of the apartments, Norway Mapleand Whitebeam (Sorbus aria) and in the car park of St.Saviour’s Dominican Church and Priory, Rowan, Silver Birchand Norway Maple. To the west, in front of the educationalbuildings at the Bolton Street end of the street, are a line ofHornbeam (Carpinus betulus fastigiata). The primary visualfeatures of importance along Dominick Street Lower are St.Saviour’s Dominican Church and Priory and the Georgianterraces. Given the presence of the unattractive DominickStreet Lower apartments and the large amount of carparking on both sides of the street the baseline rating is lowfor both landscape and visual elements.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge485

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 18DesignationsThe King’s Inns and the buildings and green spaces aroundit are designated as a CA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to the buildingsalong Dominick Street Upper.Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to some of thebuildings along Mountjoy Street, adjacent to Dominick StreetUpper.Z4 – District Centres (incorporating Prime Urban Centres)zoning applies to some of the buildings along Bolton Street,which divides Dominick Street Upper and Lower.Z8 – CA zoning applies to buildings around Henrietta Lane,leading up to and including the King’s Inns.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to thegreen spaces along the roadside at Constitution Hill and thegated green space associated with the King’s Inns.Dominick StreetUpper(LLCA 18)LowLowDescriptionDominick Street Upper is an extension of Dominick StreetLower which traverses Bolton Street and is primarily aresidential street, of medium-rise buildings in the formof apartments, including Dominick Court located at theBolton Street end of the street. It is a relatively wide streetat the southern end, open in character with car parkingon both sides of the street and narrowing considerably asone progresses north. The visual amenity and townscapecharacter of the street is low given the unattractive DominickCourt apartments and the large amount of surface carparking on both sides of the street.The pedestrian realm is generally in poor conditionconsisting of footpaths with an in situ concrete finish andconcrete kerbs. There is no street tree planting along thestreet in this location. The baseline rating in this area is lowfor both landscape and visual elements.486Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 19DesignationsThe King’s Inns and the buildings and green spaces aroundit as well as the entrance area leading into the BroadstoneBus Depot are designated as a CA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning.Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residentialbuildings along Phibsborough Road.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to thegreen spaces along the roadside at Constitution Hill and thegated green space associated with the King’s Inns.Z10 – Inner Suburban (Mixed Use) zoning applies to theBroadstone Bus Depot lands.Constitution Hill(LLCA 19)LowLowDescriptionConstitution Hill is a heavily trafficked road with movementinto and out of the north side of the city. The junction atDominick Street Upper, Western Way and ConstitutionHill is characterised by the area of green space with treeplanting – Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), Lime and WildCherry (Prunus avium). The King’s Inns and its associatedgreen space set behind a high-quality boundary wall andrailing provide the main visual focus at this location, as wellas the entrance to the Broadstone Bus Depot opposite this.However, the presence of significant volumes of traffic hasan effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and itsvisual amenity, thus resulting in a low baseline rating forboth landscape and visual elements.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge487

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.4 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 20DesignationsThe entrance area leading into Broadstone is designated asa CAa in the DCDP 1 . The Grangegorman/Broadstone landsare designated as a Framework Development Area (FDA8)in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning.Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residentialbuildings surrounding Broadstone.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to thegreen spaces along the roadside at Constitution Hill and thegated green space associated with the King’s Inns.Z10 – Inner Suburban (Mixed Use) zoning applies to theBroadstone Bus Depot lands.Z12 – Institutional Land (Future Development Potential)zoning applies to the Grangegorman site to the west of theBroadstone lands.The Grangegorman Masterplan applies to theredevelopment of the adjacent Grangegorman site.Broadstone(LLCA 20)DescriptionBroadstone is a busy bus depot with a large surface areacharacterised by a variety of flat, concrete paved surfacesof varying quality. The structures on site include oldwarehouse/storage buildings associated with the CórasIompair Éireann (CIÉ)/Bus Éireann lands. The originalrailway terminal building and some curtilage buildings andfeatures on-site are listed as Protected Structures. Thepresence of the Broadstone building is a significant elementin the streetscape and general vista of the area. This isa high quality building that has been poorly maintained.The overall visual amenity value is low but this element issignificant and positive.There are views out towards Constitution Hill and towardsthe Grangegorman site due to the elevated position of theBroadstone site.The area is typically used for car and bus parking. Thereis no vegetation on the site itself and there are elementsof dereliction on parts of the site along the Broadstoneboundary, thus lowering the quality of the streetscape andits baseline rating of low for both landscape and visualelements.LowLow488Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.5 Baseline categorisation – Area 30: Former Broadstone railway cutting to BroombridgeLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 21DesignationsThere are no specific zoning designations at this location.Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning.Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areassurrounding and backing onto the cutting at this location.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to thegreen space within the adjacent residential estate, GreatWestern Square.Z10 – Inner Suburban (Mixed Use) zoning applies to lands atBroadstone.DescriptionThe former Broadstone railway cutting is an old, disusedrailway cutting commencing from the northwestern cornerof the Broadstone Bus Depot. Its alignment runs parallelto the rear of the houses at Great Western Square to thenorth and Rosemount Road to the south. The cuttingis typically characterised by dense, overgrown andunmanaged vegetation and grass growth. Butterfly bush(Buddleja davidii) is a typical species of urban areas ondisused land and is common along the alignment. Japaneseknotweed (Reynoutria japonica) is frequent along the formerBroadstone railway cutting and is an invasive species orweed. It out-competes native species creating areas ofnegligible ecological value which are species-poor. Thereare views into the cutting at this location from the first floorof the houses overlooking the cutting, and backing onto it oneither side, and from the overbridge at North Circular Road(Protected Structure). Views out along the proposed routealignment are confined within the extent of the cutting. It canbe characterised as a derelict landscape.The derelict nature of the landscape and the limited viewsboth in and out of the site have the effect of lowering thequality of the landscape and its visual amenity, thus resultingin a very low baseline rating for landscape element and verylow for the visual element.FormerBroadstonerailway cuttingto North CircularRoad crossing(LLCA 21)Very lowVery lowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge489

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.5 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 22DesignationsThere are no specific zoning designations at this location.Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning.Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areasat this location.DescriptionThis area is located between the North Circular Road andthe Cabra Road, both main traffic arteries, which cross overthe cutting via overhead road bridges. The North CircularRoad in particular is a heavily trafficked route, carryingtraffic in and out of the north side of the city. The cuttingbelow the road at this point is characterised by dense,overgrown, unmanaged vegetation and grass growth. Therewas evidence of illegal dumping at the backs of housesspilling over into the cutting, and contributing to the visualdereliction. There are views into the cutting at this locationfrom the houses located at St. Peter’s Avenue overlookingthe cutting and from the overbridges. It can be characterisedas a derelict landscape.The derelict nature of the landscape, the evidence of backyarddumping and the limited views in and out of the sitehave the effect of lowering the quality of the landscapeand its visual amenity, thus resulting in a very low baselinerating for the landscape element and very low for the visualelement.North CircularRoad crossingto Cabra Roadcrossing(LLCA 22)Very lowVery low490Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.5 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 23DesignationsThere are no specific zoning designations at this location.Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning.Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areassurrounding and backing onto the cutting at this location.Cabra Road toFassaugh Roadcutting(LLCA 23)DescriptionThe Cabra Road to Fassaugh Road cutting is typicallycharacterised by dense, overgrown, unmanaged vegetationand grass growth, flooded in parts and with evidence ofillegal dumping and littering throughout, and a generally lowlevel of visual amenity.In effect, it can be characterised as a derelict landscape.The derelict nature of the landscape, the evidence ofdumping and the limited views in and out of the site has theeffect of lowering the quality of the landscape and its visualamenity, thus resulting in a very low baseline rating for thelandscape element and very low for the visual element.Very lowVery lowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge491

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.5 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 24DesignationsThe Royal Canal and the green spaces surrounding it to thenorth of the cutting are designated as a CA in the DCDP 1 .Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to the residentialareas surrounding and backing onto the cutting at thislocation.Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areasadjacent to Mount Bernard Park.Z3 – Neighbourhood Centres zoning applies to a small areaalong Fassaugh Road.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to MountBernard Park which backs onto the cutting along its easternedge and to the lands surrounding the Royal Canal to thenorth of the cutting.Z11 – Waterways Protection zoning applies to the RoyalCanal.Fassaugh Roadto Royal Canal(LLCA 24)DescriptionMost of the surrounding area is made up of residential useon either side of the cutting in this section, as is the casefor most of the cutting. However, a portion of this section ofthe cutting runs adjacent to a public park, Mount BernardPark. There was evidence of illegal dumping at the backsof houses spilling over into the cutting at the time of thesite visit; this was evident at many parts along the cutting,contributing to the low visual amenity.There are views into the cutting at this location from the firstfloor of the houses overlooking the cutting, with gardensbacking onto it on either side, and from the open spaceassociated with Mount Bernard Park.The derelict nature of the landscape, the evidence of backyarddumping and the limited views in and out of the sitehave the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape andits visual amenity, thus resulting in a very low baseline ratingfor both landscape and visual elements.Very lowVery low492Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.5 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 25DesignationsThe Royal Canal and the green spaces surrounding it aredesignated as a CA in the DCDP 1 and as a pNHA.Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to the residentialareas surrounding the cutting and adjacent lands.Z6 – Employment/Enterprise (Light) zoning applies to theindustrial areas to the south of the Royal Canal.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to thelands surrounding the Royal Canal.Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal,coastal and river amenities” applies to the Royal Canal.DescriptionThis area is dominated by the corridor of the Royal Canaland the associated green spaces and walkways flanking it.The main landuse in the contiguous area is predominantlylight industrial. There is a pedestrian walkway along theeastern bank of the canal. The Iarnród Éireann Maynoothrailway line crosses the canal within this section of theproposed alignment. Views into the industrial buildings northand south of the canal visually degrade this area.To the north of Mount Bernard Park the proposed schemecontinues in a northwesterly direction, terminating to theeast of Broombridge adjacent to Broombridge RailwayStation. To the northwest of Mount Bernard Park there is anarea of derelict open space located between the proposedscheme and the Royal Canal.This area has become overgrown with scrub vegetation andis showing evidence of trespass in the form of worn tracksthrough the vegetation and also littering.Backing on to the route alignment to the southeast, are thetwo-storey houses located along St. Attracta Road withviews in towards the proposed scheme from the first floorlevel of these houses. Located further to the northeastof the proposed scheme are Prospect Cemetery and theClaremont Housing adjacent to the Finglas Road.FormerBroadstonerailway cuttingadjacent to theRoyal Canal(LLCA 25)LowLowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge493

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.5 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 25 continuedThe route corridor narrows at the northern end of thederelict open space where the proposed scheme runsparallel to the railway line and the Royal Canal. Thisarea is predominantly industrial in use with the proposedscheme contained between Broombridge Industrial Estatelocated to the north and the industrial units located alongBannow Road to the south. Views in towards the proposedscheme from the canal corridor are visually buffered bythe tree planting, primarily Hawthorn and Sycamore (Acerpseudoplatanus) along the elevated embankment of thecanal and by the palisade fencing located between the canaland the existing railway line. Longer distance views areobstructed by the industrial development located adjacent tothe route alignment. Views in towards the proposed schemefrom this area are confined to the view from Broombridgeand views in from the existing railway line.The primary visual and recreational amenity in this areais the Royal Canal and its associated walkway. While thecanal corridor offers a high level of recreational amenity, thelandscape and visual quality is diminished by littering alongthe canal and the graffiti on the adjacent walls, buildings andbridges. The visual quality is further reduced by the adjacentpoor quality industrial buildings with typical palisade fencingand razor-wire topped boundary walls.The industrial nature of the landscape and the element ofdereliction as well as the limited views in and out of the sitehave the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape to alow baseline rating and the visual amenity baseline rating tolow.494Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANDSCAPE AND VISUALTable 22.5 ContinuedLLCASITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLandSCAPEBASELINERATINgVisualAMENITySection 26DesignationsThe Royal Canal and the green spaces surrounding it aredesignated as a CA in the DCDP 1 and as a pNHA.Landuse ZoningsZ1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to residentialareas south of the Royal Canal and south of industrial landsat this location.Z6 – Employment/Enterprise (Light) zoning applies to theindustrial areas to the north and south of the Royal Canal.Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to thelands surrounding the Royal Canal.Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal,coastal and river amenities” applies to the Royal Canal.FormerBroadstonerailway cuttingadjacent to theRoyal Canal toBroombridge(LLCA 26)DescriptionThe Royal Canal is flanked by green space on either sideof its banks. The Iarnród Éireann Maynooth railway line toand from the city and further afield, crosses over the RoyalCanal onto lands at Broombridge. The Broombridge RailwayStation is poor in terms of visual amenity, with an elementof dereliction at this location. The dense scrub vegetationeither side of the railway line and the canal acts as a bufferzone between it and the surrounding industrial landusesadjacent to the subject site.While the canal corridor offers a high level of recreationalamenity the industrial nature of the landscape and theelement of dereliction have the effect of lowering the qualityof the landscape to a very low baseline rating and its visualamenity to a very low baseline rating.Very lowVery lowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge495

LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL22.5 References1Dublin City Council (2005) Dublin CityDevelopment Plan 2005–2011. Dublin: Dublin CityCouncil.2Environmental Protection Agency (2002)Guidelines on the Information to be Containedin Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford:Environmental Protection Agency.3Environmental Protection Agency (2003) AdviceNotes on Current Practice in the Preparationof Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford:Environmental Protection Agency.4The Landscape Institute/Institute of EnvironmentalAssessment (2002) Guidelines for Landscape andVisual Impact Assessment 2 nd Edition. London:E&FN Spon.5Highways Agency (1994) Design Manual for Roadsand Bridges, Vol. 11, Environmental Assessment.London: HMSO.6Arboricultural Association (2003) Visual AmenityValuation of Trees and Woodland (the HelliwellSystem) Guidance No. 4. Gloucestershire:Arboricultural Assocation7National Roads Authority (2008) EnvironmentalImpact of National Road Schemes – A PracticalGuide – Rev 1 2008. Dublin: National RoadsAuthority.8National Roads Authority (2005) A Guide toLandscape Treatments for National RoadsSchemes in Ireland. Dublin: National RoadsAuthority.9Railway Procurement Agency (RPA) LuasBroombridge Tree & Hedgerow Surveys(2008/2009).10British Standards Institute (2005) British Standard5837 :2005 – Trees in Relation to Construction.Hertfordshire, UK: British Standards Institution.496Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

23 MATERIAL ASSETS:ARCHAEOLOGY ANDCULTURAL HERITAGE23.1 Introduction................................................................499Broombridge23.2 Baseline assessment methodology.........................49923.2.1 Introduction..................................................................49923.2.2 Study area...................................................................49923.2.3 Baseline data...............................................................49923.2.4 Difficulties encountered................................................50123.3 Baseline categorisation criteria...............................50123.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment......................50123.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment.......................50223.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baseline environment.50223.3.4 Baseline rating.............................................................50323.4 description of the receiving environment...............50323.4.1 Archaeological and historical background...................503CabraPhibsborough23.5 description and categorisation of thebaseline environment................................................51123.5.1 Summary of the baseline environment........................51123.5.2 Description of the baseline environment......................51123.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environment................51523.6 References.................................................................57823.6.1 Literary sources...........................................................57823.6.2 Cartographic sources...................................................58223.6.3 Electronic sources.......................................................585GrangegormanBroadstone - DITParnellDominickO’ConnellUpperMarlboroughO’Connell - GPOWestmorelandTrinityDawsonSt. Stephen’s GreenBASELINE

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE23.1 IntroductionThis is the Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baselinechapter of the Luas Broombridge EnvironmentalImpact Statement (EIS). This chapter describesand evaluates the existing archaeology and culturalheritage environment that is likely to be impacted bythe proposed scheme.Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (RailwayInfrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EISmust contain a description of the aspects of theenvironment that are likely to be significantly affectedby a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS hasbeen prepared in order to fulfil the requirement toaddress the archaeological and cultural heritageaspect of the environment.Prior to compiling this chapter, a number of planningand policy documents were reviewed to ascertainif the documents contain any plans, policies orobjectives relating to archaeology and culturalheritage. The following documents have beenreviewed:■■■■National Heritage Plan (Department of Arts,Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands, 2002)Dublin City Heritage Plan 2002–2006 (Dublin CityCouncil (DCC), 2002)■■Dublin City Development Plan (DCDP) 2005–2011(DCC, 2005)■■Phibsborough/Mountjoy Local Area Plan 2008(DCC, 2008)The results of this review are detailed in the Planningand Policy Context chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 3).23.2 Baseline assessmentmethodology23.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existingenvironment against which future changes can bemeasured. This section presents the methodologyused in assessing the baseline archaeology andcultural heritage environment. The scope for theassessment has been informed by consultation withAn Bord Pleanála (ABP), statutory consultees, bodieswith environmental responsibility and other interestedparties. The methodology has been devised inconsideration of the following guidelines:■■■■■■■■■■■■Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidancewith respect to EISs (EPA, 2002, 2003)Architectural Heritage Protection, Guidelinesfor Planning Authorities (Department of theEnvironment, Heritage and Local Government(DoEHLG), 2004)Guidelines for the Assessment of ArchitecturalHeritage Impacts of National Road Schemes(National Roads Authority (NRA), 2005)Guidelines for the Assessment of ArchaeologicalHeritage Impacts of National Road Schemes (NRA,2005)Code of Practice between the DoEHLG and theRailway Procurement Agency (RPA) (DoEHLG,2007)Framework and Principles for the Protection ofthe Archaeological Heritage (Department of Arts,Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands, 1999)The general baseline assessment methodologyis defined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline archaeologicaland cultural heritage environment has been definedthrough a desktop study, consultation with relevantstakeholders and field surveys. The baselineenvironment is then categorised using the criteriaoutlined in Section 23.3 and baseline ratings areassigned. These baseline ratings are subsequentlyused in the Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturalHeritage impact assessment chapter of this EIS(Books 2 and 3, Chapter 14) to help determine theimpact significance.23.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to thepotential impact from the proposed scheme and theavailability of relevant information. The dimensions ofthe study area are shown in Table 23.1.23.2.3 Baseline dataThe data sources used to compile the baseline areshown in Table 23.2.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge499

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.1 Study areaCriteriaNational Monuments, archaeological sites recordedin the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) andtheir respective constraint areasAreas of archaeological potentialIndustrial heritage sitesMonuments and features of cultural heritageTownland boundariesWidth OF Study AREA(on BOTh SIdes OF the ALIgNMENT)100m in developed areas100m in developed areas100m in developed areasWithin respective streetscape traversedby proposed alignment50mTable 23.2 Baseline dataGeneral informationInformation AcquIREdNational Monuments and their constraint areasLocation and description of RMP sites and theirconstraint areasAreas of archaeological potentialIndustrial heritage sitesdATA SouRCEDublin City: Sources for Archaeologists (DCC, 2005).Cartographic sources of Dublin City Archives, DCC,National Library of Ireland (NLI), Trinity CollegeDublin (TCD), Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI) (referto references at the end of this chapter for completelist of cartographic sources consulted).Documentary sources of University College Cork,TCD, Dublin City Archives, NLI, DCC and othersources (refer to references at the end of this chapterfor complete list of literary sources consulted).Consultation with National Monuments Service,DoEHLG.Ordnance Survey (OS) 6 inch map, sheet DN018 ofthe RMP, (DoEHLG).Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) Archivecontaining aerial photographs, early maps,OS memoirs, Office of Public Works (OPW)Archaeological Survey notes and other relevantinformation.Field survey of proposed alignment undertaken byHeadland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. in 2009.Aerial photographs of OSI (IGN-R-21/4550 taken on24 th May 2001) and aerial photographs provided byRPA.RPA (2008) EIS – Metro North Volumes 1–3.Field survey of study area undertaken by HeadlandArchaeology (Ireland) Ltd. in 2009.Dublin City Industrial Heritage Record (DCIHR).500Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.2 ContinuedInformation AcquIREdMonuments and features of cultural heritage andtownland boundaries.Location and description of artefacts discoveredwithin the study area.Records of previous archaeological excavations.23.2.4 Difficulties encounteredThere were no difficulties encountered.23.3 Baseline categorisation criteriaThis section of the baseline report categorisesthe baseline archaeology and cultural heritageenvironment. The baseline environment is assigned abaseline rating based on importance, sensitivity andexisting adverse effects of the receiving environment.Each of these three terms is explained in detail in thissection. The professional opinion of the specialistalso plays an important role in assigning the baselinerating. The baseline rating will subsequently beused in the impact chapter to determine the likelysignificance of impacts which is discussed in detailin the Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturaldATA SouRCEField survey of study area undertaken by HeadlandArchaeology (Ireland) Ltd. in 2009.The Encyclopaedia of Dublin. (Bennett, 2005).History of Monuments O’Connell Street Area (DCC,2003).From O’Connell to Parnell (DCC, 2006).OS Name Books for County Dublin (O’Donovan,1843).1 st Edition 6 inch OS map of Dublin (1843).2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map of Dublin (1911).Topographical files (National Museum of Ireland(NMI) 2009).Acquisitions 1795 to 1995 – finds from the city andcounty of Dublin in the Irish Divisions of the NationalMuseum of Ireland (Breen, 1995).Other published catalogues of recoveredarchaeological material:Irish Bronze Age Swords (Eogan, 1965).Irish Bronze Age Hoards (Eogan, 1983).Goldwork (Eogan, 1994).Bronze Axe Heads (Eogan, 2000).Irish Bronze Age Artefacts (Harbison, 1968).Iron Age Antiquities (Raftery, 1983).The Irish Stone Axe Project Database (School ofArchaeology, University College Dublin (UCD)).Early Bronze Age Halberds and Daggers (Harbison,1969a).Early Bronze Age Axes (Harbison, 1969b).Consultation with National Monuments Service(DoEHLG).Bennett, I. (1970–2008) (Ed.) Excavations1970–2005: Summary accounts of archaeologicalexcavations in Ireland.Heritage impact assessment chapters of this EIS(Books 2 and 3, Chapter 14).23.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentEach RMP site, National Monument and its associatedconstraint area is identified by a unique RecordedMonument reference number which is assigned by theNational Monuments Service of the DoEHLG. Thesesites are represented on the respective county’s RMPmap as well as on the county/city development plan.The National Monuments Act 1930–2004 does notdifferentiate between archaeological sites on the basisof relative importance. Consequently, each RMP site,National Monument and its associated constraint areais considered to be of very high importance.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge501

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEArchaeological and cultural heritage sites may alsobe designated as Protected Structures under Section51(1) of the Planning and Development Act, 2000.Section 51(1) provides for the creation of a Record ofProtected Structures (RPS), the purpose of which isto record structures of special architectural, historical,archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific or technicalinterest in each respective county/city developmentplan. This legislation does not differentiate betweenProtected Structures on the basis of relativeimportance, therefore all archaeological and culturalheritage sites that are Protected Structures areconsidered to be of very high importance.Areas of archaeological potential are identifiedthrough an examination of cartographic, aerialphotographic and documentary evidence. Additionally,topographical features noted during field walksand high concentrations of artefacts and/or RMPsites within the vicinity can also indicate areas ofarchaeological potential. Given the potential forpreviously unrecorded subsurface remains withinthese areas, each identified site of archaeologicalpotential is considered to be of high importance.Industrial heritage sites recorded in the DCIHR arenot afforded statutory protection unless they aredesignated as a RMP site, National Monument orProtected Structure. However, it is the policy of DCC,through its establishment of the DCIHR, “to protect thebuildings and features of industrial heritage in situ, andtheir related artefacts and plant where appropriate”(DCDP 2005–2011: Policy H25). Consequently, allindustrial heritage sites included in the DCIHR that arenot afforded statutory protection are considered to beof high importance.Aspects of Ireland’s cultural heritage within the studyarea are represented by statues and plaques whichcommemorate and celebrate significant historicalpeople and events. Additionally, many also serve tocommemorate and celebrate day-to-day elementsof Dublin City life. All monuments and features ofcultural heritage within the study area that have nodesignated legal protection are regarded as being ofhigh importance.Townland boundaries are important cultural heritagefeatures in the landscape. Evidence of thesefeatures is usually identifiable in the pattern of fieldboundaries (e.g. boundary walls, fences, ditches andembankments), roads and natural landscape featuressuch as rivers and streams. In view of the informationthey provide concerning past territorial and politicalboundaries, they are regarded as being of highimportance.The nature of archaeology is such that unrecordedsubsurface material may be present in almost anyarea, regardless of the absence of any above-groundindications. Therefore, all other areas within the studyarea are considered to be of medium importance.23.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentArchaeological material assets are considered tobe a non-renewable resource and cultural heritagematerial assets are generally considered to belocation sensitive. In this context any change to theirenvironment, such as construction activity and grounddisturbance works, could adversely affect these sitesand could result in irreversible damage or removal. Assuch, all archaeological and cultural heritage materialassets are considered to have very high sensitivity.23.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baselineenvironmentDue to their legal status, existing adverse effects onRMP sites, National Monuments and archaeologicaland cultural heritage sites designated as ProtectedStructures were not considered regardless of theirpresent condition or extent. Additionally, existingadverse effects, such as damage to the integrity ofa monument or feature of cultural heritage, werenot considered as such effects do not impact on thecultural significance or function of these sites.Existing adverse effects have been consideredfor industrial heritage sites that are not affordedstatutory protection. The presence or absence ofextant remains as well as the potential for associatedsubsurface material has been taken into account andfor the purposes of this report these sites have beendivided into two categories:■■■■Industrial heritage sites that are not afforded legalprotection for which extant remains exist and/orthere is potential for the presence of associatedsubsurface remains; rated as highIndustrial heritage sites that are not afforded legalprotection for which no above-ground evidenceremains and where it is considered there is low orno potential for associated below-ground remains;rated as mediumExisting adverse effects have also been consideredwith regard to townland boundaries because aboveground,as well as below-ground remains have oftenbeen removed. For this reason, townland boundarieshave been divided into two categories based onthe presence/absence of extant remains and/or thepotential for subsurface evidence:502Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE■■■■Townland boundaries that have extant remainsand/or for which there exists potential forsubsurface evidence to be present; rated as highTownland boundaries for which no above-groundremains survive and where there is low or nopotential for the presence of subsurface remains;rated as medium23.3.4 Baseline ratingThe baseline rating of the existing archaeologyand cultural heritage environment is determined byhaving regard to the range of criteria which reflect itsimportance, sensitivity and existing adverse effects ofthe baseline environment. The criteria that have beendefined are shown in Table 23.3.in order to assess and illustrate the archaeologicalpotential of the area.A detailed description outlining the chronologicaldevelopment of each street and townland traversed bythe proposed alignment is included in Annex M, Book5, of this EIS.23.4.1.1 Prehistoric period (c. 8000BC–AD400)Although evidence of prehistoric activity within Dublincity centre is limited, a number of excavations haveyielded results which demonstrate that the area whichnow comprises the capital was undoubtedly settledduring the prehistoric period.Table 23.3 Criteria for baseline categorisationCriteriaRMP sites, National Monuments and their associated constraint areas.Industrial heritage sites that are afforded legal protection.Monuments/features of cultural heritage that are afforded legal protection.Areas of archaeological potential.Industrial heritage sites that are not afforded legal protection, for whichextant remains exist and/or where there is potential for the presence ofassociated subsurface remains.Townland boundaries for which extant remains exist and/or where there ispotential for the presence of subsurface remains.Monuments/features of cultural heritage that are not afforded legalprotection.BASELINE RATINgVery highHighIndustrial heritage sites that are not afforded legal protection, for which noabove-ground evidence remains and where there is low or no potential forthe presence of subsurface remains.Townland boundaries for which no above-ground evidence remains andwhere there is low or no potential for the presence of subsurface remains.All other areas.Medium23.4 Description of the receivingenvironment23.4.1 Archaeological and historical backgroundAn overview of the archaeological and historicalbackground of the study area and its receivingenvironment is provided in this section. The aim ofthis section is to present the findings of a detaileddesktop study, which included a review of literaryand cartographic sources, results of previousarchaeological investigation and the topographicalfiles, as well as a field inspection of the study areaDuring this period the area in which present-dayDublin is situated was characterised by the tidalreaches of the River Liffey and its associatedtributaries, including the Stein River, Poddle River andthe Bradoge River. Before the major land reclamationsof the post-medieval period, the River Liffey wassignificantly wider than it is today, especially to theeast of central Dublin and would have frequentlyflooded beyond its banks. There were, therefore,probably significant areas of tidal and riverine mudflat.Excavation evidence reveals the human utilisation andEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge503

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEmanagement of this environment during the prehistoricperiod.Archaeological monitoring and excavation carriedout at Spencer Dock, North Wall Quay in 2004revealed evidence of wooden fish traps, stake rowsand miscellaneous pieces of worked wood datingto the late Mesolithic period (McQuade, 2004).Evidence of riverside management dating to theBronze Age and Iron Age period has been identifiedat Clancy Barracks in the suburb of Kilmainham(Lohan, 2009). The excavator has suggested thata succession of riverside timbers and a platformcomprised a revetment or dock (Lohan 2009, 78).The environmental evidence from this site indicates adynamic river edge with some evidence for over bankflooding, natural carr woodland and reed beds (Lohan2009, 143). The site also showed evidence of meadowor pasture land in close proximity (Lohan 2009, 143).Further indication of Bronze Age activity withinpresent-day Dublin City is provided by evidence ofa burnt mound, dated to the early to mid-BronzeAge, which was excavated at Hammond Lane/Church Street (Cryerhall 2003 and 2006, 15). Whileexamination of a map provided by Waddell (2000,142: Figure 56.2) showing the distribution of “BowlTradition” pottery in Ireland, illustrates that at leasteight “Bowl Tradition” burials have been identifiedwithin Dublin City. Waddell (1990, 81) makes referenceto one of these burials which was identified in 1857 atNo. 2 Suffolk Street, Dublin. Waddell states that theburial was variously described as “a clay urn full ofbone” and a cist-tomb containing besides a skeleton,“a funerary urn containing bones” (Little in Waddell1990, 81). This burial is significant to the currentassessment as its location demonstrates that therewas Bronze Age activity approximately 100m fromthe proposed alignment. Additionally, two stray finds,which date to the Bronze Age period, are recordedfrom locations falling within the study area. Thesecomprise a flat bronze axe head from TCD (EIS FindNo. 08 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) anda bronze palstave also from TCD (EIS Find No. 10included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).Iron Age evidence within present-day Dublin Cityhas been identified in the form of a riverine timberembankment and an adjacent hurdle platform/track located at Ormond Square where the BradogeRiver meets the River Liffey (Bolger, 2010). Theenvironmental evidence from this site indicated thatthe embankment and track lay within a dynamicriverside environment with carr woodland andfreshwater pools. Scrub woodland and pasture layin close proximity (Bolger 2010, 35–36). It has beensuggested that the embankment and track wereconstructed to help manage the riverside environmentand provide access to riverside resources. There isevidence that with the construction of these features,the local environment became more stable with lessfrequent flooding (Bolger 2010, 38).Taking the above evidence into account, as wellas considering the city’s proximity to an open bayin addition to the Rivers Liffey, Poddle and Stein,it cannot be discounted that the area comprisingpresent-day Dublin City was settled throughout theprehistoric period.23.4.1.2 Early medieval period (c. AD400–790)During the early medieval period, the site of presentdayDublin served as a focal point for long distanceroutes throughout Ireland. These routes includedthe Slighe Chualann from Leinster, the Slighe Dálafrom Munster, the Slighe Mór from Connaught andthe Slighe Midluachra from Ulster (O’Donovan andO’Corráin in Clarke 1990, 57), all of which intersectedin the area occupied by the present city. With itscommanding position in the system of terrestrialcommunications, coupled with its proximity to anopen bay as well as to the Rivers Liffey, Poddle andStein, the site had obvious settlement potential. Inaddition, an important ford allowed access across theRiver Liffey which served to further heighten the site’sappeal (Clarke 1990, 58).During this period, two settlement clusters developedon either side of the Poddle River. Both areas,respectively, known as Átha Cliath and Dubhlinnderive their names from distinctive topographicalfeatures: Átha Cliath translates as “the ford of thehurdles” (Clarke 1990, 58); and Dubhlinn translatesas “Black Pool”. “The ford of the hurdles” would haveenabled crossing of the river at low tides, while the“Black Pool” refers to a tidal pool that was associatedwith the Poddle River during the early medieval period(Clarke 1990, 58). The garden of Dublin Castle nowoccupies the approximate site of this pool (Clarke,1978).The earliest reference to Átha Cliath is found in a6 th century poem (O’Brien in Clarke 1990, 58); asecond reference is provided in Adomnán’s Life ofColum Cille which was probably written betweenAD688 and AD692 (Anderson in Clarke 1990, 58).The settlement likely comprised a small fishing andfarming community. In addition, there is evidence tosuggest that a number of early medieval churcheshad established themselves here (Clarke 1990, 59).Furthermore, it has been speculated that a pre-Vikingera ringfort occupied the site of the present castle, at504Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEthe terminus of Slighe Mór, and that the Átha Cliathsettlement may have co-existed with this fort byproducing and supplying food and goods for its use.In the context of kingship practice that prevailed inIreland from early medieval times, it is highly probablethat a king was installed at Átha Cliath as it occupied astrategic topographical location (Clarke 1990, 38).The settlement of Dubhlinn, which was locatedaround the terminus of Slighe Dhála, comprised anecclesiastical or quasi-ecclesiastical community thatwould have been ruled by bishops and/or abbots.Possible evidence of this ecclesiastical enclosure isvisible today in the pattern of streets in the AungierStreet area. Aungier Street itself was erected acrossthe site during the 17 th century. It is postulated thatthe circumference of the ecclesiastical enclosurefollowed the pattern of Peter Row, Whitefriar Street,Stephen Street Upper as well as Lower and UpperJohnson Street (Clarke 1995, 86); the course of theremaining eastern section of the site is no longeridentifiable due to modern development. The natureof the ecclesiastical centre would have generatedfurther activity and settlement within the site’s vicinity.For instance, a variety of craftsmen would have beenrequired for the community and it is probable thatthese settled in the surrounding area. In addition,evidence suggests that a number of churches werescattered outside, as well as inside, the enclosure(Clarke 1995, 87).With the arrival of the Vikings in AD841, the potentialof these two distinct settlement clusters (Átha Cliathand Dubhlinn) was used to form the nucleus of thepolitical and economic centre that was to becomeDublin City.23.4.1.3 Viking period (c. AD790–1171)According to the Annals of Ulster, the first Vikingsettlement at Dublin was founded in AD841 withthe establishment of a longphort, the characteristicfortified ship harbour of the Norsemen. Evidence todate suggests that the longphort was situated on thesite of Dublin Castle (Simms 2001, 28–30). Althoughexpelled from Dublin in AD902, the Norsemenreturned in AD917 and successfully set about reconsolidatingtheir power in the area. This secondsettlement seems to have been largely focusedon the Lord Edward Street area. Influenced by thecontemporary expansion of the Viking-age tradingnetwork, the Norsemen had, by the second half ofthe 10 th century developed the area into what may bereferred to as a town. This settlement, referred to asDún Duibhlinne (Simms 2001, 26–27), was protectedby two parallel earthen ditches, archaeologicalevidence of which has been identified. The ditchesdated to c. AD950 and c. AD1000, respectively(Simms 2001, 31). The enclosed area comprisedapproximately 5.5ha. During the first half of the 11 thcentury, the earth and timber defences were extendedwestwards to enclose an area twice as big, whilst alsoincorporating part of the old Átha Cliath community.Towards the end of the 11 th century, the earthen andtimber defences of the town were replaced by a stonefortification (Thomas 1992, 90; Wallace 1995, 89).During this time, the political geography of the areachanged significantly. Rather than being defined as aborder settlement bound by feuding clans and owingmuch of its status to important terrestrial as well asaquatic crossing points, it became the focal point ofa substantial-sized territory where new centralisedeconomic and political power flourished. During thisperiod of Viking domination, Dún Duibhlinne began tosuccessfully establish itself in the European tradingarena thereby sowing the seed for its economicgrowth and consequential urban expansion.Evidence for Viking period activity, or potentialViking period activity, has been identified at threelocations within the study area. The first of these isthe area including and within the vicinity of the former“Thingmote” (AC24) which was located towards theeastern end of present-day Dame Street, to the southof College Green. The “Thingmote” was where theDublin Vikings conducted their political assembliesand evidence suggests that there were a numberof burial mounds, presumably that of ScandinavianKings of Dublin, located within its vicinity. In additionto providing a focus for assemblies, it is probable thatmartial games and possibly the execution of prisonersof war also took place in its shadow (Somerville-Large 1996, 10). The “Thingmote” comprised anartificial conical hill recorded as being 240 feet incircumference and 40 feet high (Haliday 1881, 163)and may itself have originated as a grave mound(Bradley and King 1989, Vol. III, Part 5, 151). It waslevelled in 1685 and no evidence has been identifiedto indicate the precise location of the associated gravemounds, although one is recorded as still being extantin the 17 th century (Harris in Clarke 2002b, 3).A second Viking feature known to have been locatedwithin the study area is the Steine or “Long Stone”(AC36). This was a standing stone erected c. AD841where the Stein River meets the River Liffey at thepresent-day junction of College Street, D’Olier Streetand Pearse Street. The Steine probably acted as anavigational marker for Viking sailors approachingDún Duibhlinne (Simms 2001, 21) and as an indicatorof the original edge of the River Liffey. In addition, ithas been suggested that light vesseled ships wereEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge505

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEcabled to this monument (Curtis 1990, 102). The stonegave its name to the Stein River and to the area inwhich it lay in the vicinity of the present-day CollegeStreet, D’Olier Street and Pearse Street junction. Thismonument stood on the edge of the River Liffey intothe 17 th century and is depicted on the Down Survey(c. 1654). It was removed sometime between 1679and 1700. Four Viking iron spearheads and a singleedgedViking sword have also been recovered fromthe College Street area (EIS Find No. 11 included inAnnex M, Book 5, of this EIS).The third location of Viking period activity within thestudy area has been identified in the vicinity of ParnellSquare and Mountjoy Square. During the 18 th centurya possible Viking cemetery (AC71) was disturbedduring the construction of the Rotunda Hospital onParnell Street and associated pleasure grounds. Thefirst known record of this discovery comes from theDublin Magazine dating to June 1763 (SMR Archives),which refers to numerous finds of spears, swords andrivets associated with vast numbers of human bonesfound during construction of the “New Gardens” (nowthe Rotunda Gardens). The same article and a laterpiece by Traynor (1897, 106) links these finds with theBattle of Clontarf fought in AD1014 between the HighKing Brian Boiromhe and the Dublin Vikings underSigtrygg Silkenbeard. The Battle of Clontarf is knownto have been fought on the north side of the RiverLiffey, opposite the Viking town and resulted in thedefeat of the Vikings, but at the cost of many lives,including that of Brian Boiromhe. Part of the potentiallocation of this burial site is incorporated within thestudy area.23.4.1.4 Anglo-Norman and later medieval periods(c. 1171–1550)With the Anglo-Norman colonisation of Dublin in1171, the prominent role played by the Viking townin the European trading sphere decreased for aperiod. Effectively, Dublin was now the instrumentof an English lordship that had a new focus. Newinnovations such as an independent municipalgovernment as well as a greater emphasis on adominating ecclesiastical presence were introduced.Inevitably, the social and political fabric of medievalDublin was transformed. This transformation wasalso reflected in the changing fabric of the urbanlandscape. The existing Norse town walls wereelaborated and modified. A royal castle, initiallyadopting the form of a motte and bailey, wasconstructed in the southeastern corner of the Hiberno-Norse walls on the site of the present-day DublinCastle. The walled town was later further enlargedby means of land reclamation from the River Liffeyduring the 13 th century (Thomas 1992, 91) and a stonebridge, west of present-day O’Connell Bridge, wasbuilt across the River Liffey, replacing the woodenstructure which had been previously erected by theVikings.As with the Viking settlement, the medieval townwas not confined to the interior of the town walls.Four main suburbs developed: Oxmantown to thenorth of the town, Hoggen Green to the east, thearea surrounding present-day Thomas Street andJames’s Street, as well as the ecclesiastical suburbthat developed around St. Patrick’s Cathedral (Clarke1995, 91–92). During this time, the eastern suburbof Hoggen Green, which would have been partiallylocated within the study area, was centred on twomonastic houses, each of which had been foundedin the pre-Anglo-Norman period. These were theArrosian convent of St. Mary de Hogges, founded byDiarmait mac Murchada, King of Leinster in c. 1146and the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (AC27), alsoestablished by Diarmait mac Murchada in 1166 (Budd2001, 1) on the site of present-day TCD.In addition to the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows,a number of sites dating to the Anglo-Norman andlater medieval periods have been identified withinthe study area. A chapel known as the Chapel ofSt. Clement (AC34) was possibly located within thevicinity of the Stein River between the River Liffey andthe Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (McNeill 1950,56). In one of the Deeds in the register of this priory itis described as lying “before the Gate” of All Hallows(Butler 1845, 28). A watermill referred to as the SteineMill (AC29) is recorded on the Stein River outside thepresent-day west front of TCD. The first record forthis mill dates to 1276 (Clarke 2002a). This mill waslikely to have been associated with a mill pond (AC25)shown on Speed’s map (1610) as lying on the SteinRiver, to the immediate west of TCD in the area ofpresent-day College Green.In addition, a bridge (AC23), which possibly dates tothe medieval period, is depicted over the Stein Riverin the general vicinity of Suffolk Street on Speed’smap (1610). A tiled medieval pavement (AC35), partof which is now in the NMI, was also found duringthe building of the Provincial Bank (now the WestinHotel) on College Street in 1862. The fact that thesetiles were found in situ suggests that there wasan important medieval site on the spot. However,subsequent excavations carried out in this areahave not recovered further evidence to support this(included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).Throughout the 14 th century, events such as the BruceInvasion in 1315–1317 and the Black Death in 1348506Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEchallenged the consolidation of Anglo-Norman powerin Dublin and left an imprint on the urban landscape.When under threat of siege by the Bruce army in1317, the mayor of Dublin City ordered the westernsuburb along Thomas Street and James’s Street tobe set on fire (Clarke 2005, 16). Other suburbs werealso affected and were burnt or razed to the ground(Clarke 2005, 16). This event had a lasting impacton the suburbs as redevelopment of these areasappears to have been very slow compounded bythe onset of the Black Death in 1348. The principalthoroughfares appear to have been reconstructed;however redevelopment appears to have been limited(Clarke 2005, 16). Thus the picture that emergesof 14 th century Dublin City is one of a depopulatedcity, partially in a ruinous condition, with very littledevelopment taking place.The 15 th century witnessed a further decline in thesocial and economic fabric of the town, a situationwhich was exacerbated by the turbulent politicalclimate that developed as Irish chieftains beganto reassert themselves. The insecurity that thisenvironment generated led to extramural gatewaysbeing constructed, especially from the 1450s onwards,to provide a degree of protection from those whoprovided a threat to the inhabitants of the town (Casey2005, 17). These extramural gateways were focusedon the exposed western side of Oxmantown and onthe south of the medieval town (Purcell 2005, 193).The dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII inthe early 16 th century further aggravated this alreadystrained climate and had a profound effect on thedevelopment of Dublin; although evidence suggeststhat the monasteries were already in decline from thelatter half of the 15 th century onwards.Two excavations undertaken within the study areahave identified medieval activity. Part of a graveyarddeposit presumed to relate to the Priory of AllHallows’ at Library Square was identified in 1998(EIS Excavation No. 19 included in Annex M, Book5, of this EIS) and a waterfront with timbers, possiblymooring posts, that could have been associated withthe medieval waterfronts of the River Liffey and SteinRiver was uncovered in the College Street/FleetStreet/Westmoreland Street area (EIS ExcavationNo. 28 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).Amongst the medieval finds retrieved during the latterexcavation were a late medieval spoon and a smallquantity of medieval pottery.Additionally, two stray finds dating to the Anglo-Norman and later medieval periods have beenidentified within the study area. These finds comprisea glazed potsherd from St. Stephen’s Green (EIS FindNo. 02 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) anda bronze pin from College Street (EIS Find No. 13included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).23.4.1.5 Post-medieval period (c. 1550–1700)Speed’s map (1610) provides a useful depiction ofDublin and its suburbs at the early/mid post-medievalperiod as this map post-dates the dissolution of themonasteries in the 1530s and precedes the majorurban expansion that took place in Dublin after therestoration of Charles II in 1660. Speed’s map (1610)shows that there was very little urban developmentto the east of the medieval walled city. Developmentin these areas is shown to have been characterisedby the establishment of substantial religious housesincluding the former ecclesiastical precincts of St.Mary’s Abbey to the north of the River Liffey and thePriory of All Hallows’ (AC27) and convent of St. Maryde Hogges’ to the south.During the post-medieval period the College of theHoly Trinity (TCD), established in 1592, was initiallyhoused in the former Priory of All Hallows’ buildings(dating to the 12 th century). Speed’s map depicts the“The Colledge” (AC28) within this site. Speed alsodepicts “The Hospitall” (AC30) to the northwest of thecollege, which was built for poor, sick and maimedsoldiers in 1602. This site is now occupied by theBank of Ireland. In order to connect the college withthe castle, which had become the seat of Government,a new street, Dame Street, was built (Simms 2001,59). In essence however, economic growth of the townwas limited until the mid-late 17 th century.With the restoration of Charles II to the English thronein 1660, the town entered a new era of prosperity.A dramatic expansion and development of thetown ensued, influenced by new European idealsof town planning. As the city extended beyond itswalls, its centre and focus shifted northwards andeastwards into the areas that fall within the study area.Comparison of Speed’s map (1610) with De Gomme’smap (1673) indicates that significant areas of land hadbeen reclaimed from the River Liffey on its south sideand that development around St. Stephen’s Green andbetween TCD and the old medieval city was underwayduring the later post-medieval period.The development of the deep water port of Dublinand a new Custom House to the east of the old citywall encouraged the reclamation of large areas ofland from the River Liffey to accommodate newquays, commercial properties and warehousing.This is especially apparent on the south bank ofthe River Liffey to the north of TCD. Prior to the 17 thEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge507

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEcentury reclamation, the south bank of the River Liffeyreached the approximate line of present-day FleetStreet. De Gomme’s map (1673) shows that as aresult of the reclamation work, the southern river fronthad been moved approximately to its current locationat Aston Quay. De Gomme also shows that landreclamation had been undertaken in the area north ofthe River Liffey by this time. De Gomme shows littlein the way of development in these newly reclaimedareas; however, by the close of the 17 th centurythriving new quays had become established at theselocations.By 1700 much of the old medieval city, including thecity walls, had been demolished during the new burstof civic development that was carried out at this time.The new development also quickly swallowed up theformer medieval common lands, such as HoggesGreen (now College Green) located within the studyarea (Lennon 2008, 3). The new residential, civic andcommercial development was undertaken by privateindividuals and civic authorities, which consequentlyled to a fragmented landscape emerging. The areato the west of the old city walls was characterised bynew suburban developments and the area to the eastby private estates. The area within the site of the citywalls itself still comprised of narrow, winding streetswhich made a stark contrast to the mainly griddedpattern of the new city built around it (Lennon 2008, 7).An early example of the entrepreneurial nature ofthe late 17 th century development of Dublin could beobserved in the area formerly occupied by St. Mary’sAbbey. Here the Jervis Estate had, by 1685, laid anew grid pattern of streets which quickly became afashionable and gentrified district (Lennon 2008, 4).Similar gentrified development took place arounda new park at St. Stephen’s Green. This new parksoon became a popular amenity for strolls and othersocial pursuits (Somerville-Large 1996, 102). Thespace between the park and the centre of the townremained, however, largely undeveloped at this time.By 1700 Dublin was, therefore, well on the way tobecoming a thoroughly modernised metropolis andcommercial centre. Although there are few survivingstructures of this date within the study area, there is arecognised potential for there being buried remains ofbuildings and structures dating to this period aroundSt. Stephen’s Green, on Dawson Street, GraftonStreet, College Green, College Street/WestmorelandStreet/Fleet Street, Hawkins Street, Aston Quay, EdenQuay and the southern sections of Marlborough Streetand O’Connell Street.Fourteen excavations undertaken within the studyarea have recorded evidence for post-medievalactivity (detail included in Annex M, Book 5, of thisEIS). Evidence for 17 th century land reclamation hasbeen identified in the College Street/WestmorelandStreet/Fleet Street area (EIS Excavation Nos. 27 and28), Townsend Street/Luke Street (EIS ExcavationNos. 31 and 32), D’Olier Street (EIS Excavation No.35), Aston Quay (EIS Excavation No. 38), O’ConnellStreet (EIS Find Nos. 41, 48 and 49) and MiddleAbbey Street (EIS Excavation No. 43). In addition,post-medieval finds in riverine deposits wererecovered at Eden Quay (EIS Excavation No. 40) andthe remains of two limestone walls and a dry stonelined well were discovered at St. Stephen’s GreenWest (EIS Excavation Nos. 01, 06 and 07).Eleven stray finds, recorded from within the studyarea, can be attributed to the post-medieval orindustrial period (detail included in Annex M, Book5, of this EIS). These finds comprise post-medievalpottery with bone and shells from St. Stephen’sGreen North (EIS Find No. 01), ceramic tiles, a curlingpin, smoking pipes, a wooden block, a glazed tile, apavement tile, a glass bottle and a ceramic vesselfrom College Street (EIS Find Nos. 01, 17, 18, 20–25and 30–31) and a Slater’s combination tool fromCabra (EIS Find No. 34).23.4.1.6 Industrial period (c. 1700–1900)With the onset of the 18 th century, Dublin and itsimmediate hinterland continued to experience rapidgrowth and quickly became an imposing metropolitanand commercial centre, in keeping with its status as anational capital (Lennon 2008, 5). There is significantevidence within the study area for the industrial perioddevelopment of Dublin.By 1728, the urban area through which the study areapasses essentially extended from St. Stephen’s Greento the south to present-day Parnell Street to the north.Rocque’s map (1756) indicates that this urban areahad expanded to the line of present-day Dorset Streetin the northwest by the mid-18 th century. Examinationof Duncan’s subsequent map in 1821 shows that bythis time, urban development extended south of theRiver Liffey eastwards from St. Stephen’s Green to theapproximate vicinity of the newly constructed GrandCanal. North of the River Liffey, urban developmenthad spread eastwards approximately as far aspresent-day Amiens Street/North Strand. To the north,the urban area was delineated by the newly laid outCircular Road.508Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEDevelopment carried out during the 18th centurycontinued to be driven mainly by private enterprise,though there was the occasional civic authorityintervention. By the close of the 18 th century therewere loosely defined zones of residential, commercialand civic importance. These included the city’sceremonial focus which extended from the old cityvia Dame Street and College Green to TCD (Lennon2008, 5) and the development of the area to thenorth of the River Liffey as a fashionable residentialarea and seat of commerce. Despite the fragmentednature of its development, Dublin became known forthe relative uniformity of its new residential buildings,which comprised mainly of three bayed, four storey,brick townhouses over basements (Lennon 2998, 7).Between 1707 and 1728 new building ventureswere undertaken by the Moore estate to the northof the River Liffey in the area between Liffey Streetand Marlborough Street. This was centred aroundthe cruciform axes of Drogheda Street (now LowerO’Connell Street) and Henry Street. The area wasfurther developed by the Gardiners and the changesexecuted during this time are evident throughcomparison of Brooking’s map (1728) with Rocque’smap (1756). This comparison shows that large-scaledevelopment had taken place between 1728 and 1756.The area to the north and northeast of DroghedaStreet (now Lower O’Connell Street) and MarlboroughStreet had been developed and the newly laid outSackville Street (now Upper O’Connell Street) withits central mall is shown on this map. Sackville Streetwas planned as a residential mall and promenadeby Luke Gardiner in the 1740s. To the north end ofthe mall Rocque depicts the New Gardens as wellas the Lying-In Hospital and Assembly Rooms (nowthe Rotunda Hospital). The New Gardens were inturn bounded to the north, east and west by Palace,Cavendish and Granby Rows (which would latercomprise Rutland Square) (Casey 2005, 43). Thusit can be seen that the area to the north of the RiverLiffey began to establish itself as one of commerceand residence during this period. With regard to thearea lying to the east of the mall, Rocque’s map (1756)shows that the area to the east of Marlborough Streetwas predominantly undeveloped and comprised apatchwork of lots; a number of streets are, however,represented in this general area. Rocque’s map (1756)also indicates that the northwestern limit of urbanexpansion at this date followed the approximate line ofpresent-day Dorset Street; a rural patchwork of fieldsand orchards is shown beyond this location.With the establishment of the House of Parliament(now the Bank of Ireland, College Green) on the southside of the River Liffey, this largely undevelopedarea also underwent rapid urban expansion duringthe early 18 th century. The driving forces behind thisbegan with Joshua Dawson who, in the first twodecades of the 18 th century, initiated the developmentof the area comprising present-day Dawson Street,Grafton Street and Nassau Street by constructingthe Mansion House (AC9) in 1710. By 1728 theMolesworth Estate was continuing this developmenteastwards around St. Ann’s Church (AC13). The mostsignificant development to the south of the river at thistime was the construction of Kildare House, whichbegan in 1745 (Casey 2005, 43). Although precededby Molesworth Street, Kildare House is regarded asbeing the progenitor of Kildare Street and Clare Streetand of later development on the Fitzwilliam Estate(Casey 2005, 43). Rocque’s map (1756) shows thatSt. Stephen’s Green lay in the extreme southeasterncorner of mid-18 th century Dublin and that a ruralpatchwork of fields lay to its east and south.As a consequence of this rapid growth, the urbanlandscape comprised settlement clusters and pocketsof commerce and trade that were poorly connecteddue to insufficient transport links. The routeways thatdid exist were heavily congested. In response to this, a1757 Act of Parliament provided for the establishmentof the Commissioners for the Making of Wide andConvenient Streets and Passages, otherwise knownas the Wide Street Commissioners (WSC) (Sheridan2001a, 69). This organisation was fundamental inlaying the foundations of the physical characteristicsof the modern city. The main achievements of theWSC were the widening and rebuilding of parts ofDame Street, the creation of Westmoreland Street,D’Olier Street, the building of Carlisle (now O’ConnellBridge) and the expansion of Lower Sackville Street(now O’Connell Street) down to the River Liffey. Thisdevelopment necessitated large-scale removal of theexisting structures in the affected areas in order tofacilitate widening of the existing streets/lanes and/or to construct entirely new streets. In consequenceof this, it is possible that subsurface materialassociated with the structures, which were razedto the ground during this period, is present beneaththe aforementioned streetscapes (AC26, AC39 andAC65).Throughout this period, the city also began itsdevelopment of public buildings; for instance, theRotunda Hospital dating to 1751–1757 on ParnellStreet, the western front of TCD (AC28) dating to the1750s, St. Thomas’s Church (AC68) dating to 1758on Marlborough Street, the Provost’s House datingto 1759–1761 in TCD, the Four Courts (1776–1802)on Inns Quay, the Custom House (1780s) on CustomHouse Quay, and King’s Inns (1800–1817) onEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge509

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEHenrietta Street. These new civic centres providedfoci for the city’s new streets. Thus a shift from the oldmedieval core and the development of a multi-centredcity, guided by the work of the WSC, is evident.The mid-18 th century to late 19 th century saw theintroduction, development and subsequent declineof large-scale transport networks; canals in the midto late 18 th century, railways in the mid 19 th centuryand tramlines in the late 19 th century. Constructionof the Royal and Grand Canals in the mid and late18 th century provided huge impetus to the economicand industrial growth of the city and its hinterland.The Royal Canal (AC108), which runs adjacent to thenorthwestern portion of the proposed alignment, wasbuilt by the Royal Canal Company whose objectivewas to build a canal from Dublin to Tarmonbarry onthe Shannon (Delany 1992, 28–29). Constructionwork began in the spring of 1790 (Delany 1992, 31)in the vicinity of the 7 th canal lock and proceededsimultaneously westwards towards Ashtown andeastwards towards the River Liffey. Work on the canalwas slow but it was eventually completed in its entiretyin 1817. By 1796 trade boats and passenger servicescommenced between Dublin and Kilcock on the line.Broadstone Harbour, formerly located in the forecourtof the Bus Átha Cliath (BAC) Phibsborough Garage,was opened in 1806. This harbour was linked to themain Royal Canal via the Broadstone Branch, whichwas carried across the junction of PhibsboroughRoad/Constitution Hill on Foster Aqueduct, anEgyptian revival style bridge designed by Millar andRuddery (Casey 2005, 282).As the success of the canal enterprise grew, so toodid the economic growth of the Phibsborough areaand the region experienced a hive of industrial activity.A new canal company was formed under the Act ofParliament in 1818 and named the New Royal CanalCompany. However, the Royal Canal had never beenable to compete with its rival, the Grand Canal, and,in 1845, it was sold to the Midland and Great WesternRailway (MGWR) for £298,059 (Delany 1992, 137).Initially it was proposed that s railway line beconstructed in the bed of the Royal Canal (Delany1992, 137). This was later decided against andconstruction of a railway line commenced parallel tothe canal. Although it had not been a prime motivator,the canal offered a convenient transport system forthe delivery of necessary building equipment andmaterials during the construction phase. The newMGWR Terminus was established at Broadstone. Therailway company architect was John Skipton Mulvanywho held the post until 1850. He submitted designsfor the station terminal building, overlooking theBroadstone Branch and Harbour, in 1846 and workcontinued until completion in 1850 (Bennett 2005,27). In 1861, George Wilkinson carried out a majorreconstruction of the station including a new carriageshelter and waiting rooms accessed by a cast-ironcolonnade. By 1863, this branch of the MGWRextended from Broadstone in Dublin via Broombridgeto Athlone, Galway, Sligo and Clones in CountyMonaghan.When the Act of Parliament had authorised thetakeover in 1845 (Delany 1992, 137), a Board ofControl had been granted powers to ensure that thecanal would remain open to traffic (Delany 1992, 72).As it transpired, this was a necessary act as it wasnot long before the MGWR competed for dominanceover the canal. The railway company quickly realisedit was cheaper for them to transport goods by railrather than paying the toll on the canal. Thus the stagewas set for an inevitable battle whereby the MGWRattempted to assert its dominance over the canal ina bid to transfer trade to the railways. The railwaycompany soon established their superiority and duringthe late 19 th century the canal went into rapid decline(Delany 1992, 152–175). With the ensuing demiseof the canal, the railway company applied for andobtained legislation in 1877 empowering them to infillBroadstone Harbour and a section of the BroadstoneBranch running west from the eastern side ofConstitution Hill/Phibsborough Road and in front ofthe MGWR (Broadstone) station terminal building.This area was subsequently used to construct anew forecourt and new approach road to the stationterminal building (Delany 1992, 165). The sectionextending from the eastern side of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road north to Circular Road was laterinfilled in 1927 and now consists of a tree lined linearpark running alongside the road. This park is knownas the “Royal Canal Park” or “Broadstone Park”(AC85).In 1925, 26 separate railway companies operatingin the Irish Republic were amalgamated to form theGreat Southern Railway (GSR). The MGWR thusbecame part of the GSR (Delany 1992, 174). In 1944this body was amalgamated with Córas IompairÉireann (CIÉ).As a result of competition from the railways, andthe railway company’s reluctance to exert sufficienteffort in ensuring its success, the Royal Canal wentinto decline. It was taken over by CIÉ in 1944 whenthe GSR was amalgamated with this company. Theremainder of the Broadstone Branch of the RoyalCanal was infilled in 1956. Although trade on the510Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGERoyal Canal decreased significantly, it remained inuse until 1961 when it was officially closed (Delany1992, 174). On 1 st July 1986, together with the GrandCanal and Shannon Navigation, the Royal Canalsystem became the responsibility of the Departmentof Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht and was under theaegis of “Dúchas”, The Heritage Service. In 1999Waterways Ireland was established, the statutoryremit of which is to manage, maintain, develop andrestore the inland navigable waterways, principally forrecreational purposes.The Dublin tramway system was opened between1874–1876 and in its heyday was the seventh largesttramway network in the world and regarded asbeing the most efficient of its type in Europe. Thesystem was electrified in 1898–1899. The Dublintramway system initially consisted of two interlinkedlines. These comprised the line, which ran from St.Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillar (the site of which isnow occupied by the Spire) on O’Connell Street (AC4),which opened in 1874, and the line that ran fromNelson’s Pillar to Phoenix Park (AC66), which openedin 1876. The tramline system was closed between1938 and 1940 and no surviving physical remainsassociated with it were noted during the HeadlandArchaeology (2009).Many of the excavations undertaken within the studyarea have recorded industrial period deposits (detailsincluded in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). BetweenSt. Stephen’s Green and Parnell Street these haveincluded significant evidence for the urban expansionof Dublin through the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Thishas included evidence for early 18 th century landreclamation on both banks of the River Liffey. Northof Parnell Place, material associated with the RoyalCanal and the MGWR has been recovered (EISExcavation No. 63 included in Annex M, Book 5, ofthis EIS; RPA 2009a).Numerous stray finds of industrial period date havebeen reported from within the study area and arediscussed in the post-medieval section (Section23.4.1.5) The majority of these finds have beenrecorded from the vicinity of College Street (EIS FindNos. 17–18, 20–25, and 30–31).23.4.1.7 Modern period (c. 1900 to present)During the first half of the 20 th century Dublin Cityconsisted of poverty-stricken and disease-riddentenement slums set against a backdrop of a poorlyregulated administrative system. The impoverishedconditions during this period were exacerbated bythe outbreak of the First World War, the 1916 EasterRising, the War of Independence and the Irish CivilWar and later the Second World War. During the1960s, the Irish Government sought to address thisgrave accommodation problem by clearing existingGeorgian structures on streets such as DominickStreet, Gardiner Street and Summer Hill and rehousingtenement residents in newly erected modernapartment blocks.Inevitably, development of the city has continued tothe present-day. However, current urban expansionsand transformations are undertaken within frameworksthat seek to protect the archaeological, as well as thearchitectural heritage of this culturally rich city. Whenone considers the destruction to the historical fabric ofthis city that has already taken place, the necessity toensure that Dublin’s remaining heritage is treated withrespect and in accordance with current legislation andDoEHLG guidelines becomes clear.A detailed outline of the chronological development ofeach street and townland traversed by the proposedalignment is included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS.This description incorporates an evaluation of thelanduse and topography of each street and townlandprior to its development, the subsequent evolutionof each street and townland up to present-day andthe way in which each street and townland changedovertime. This evaluation enables the identificationof areas where subsurface remains of demolishedstructures may be present beneath the currentstreetscape.23.5 Description and CATEgORISATIONof the baseline environment23.5.1 Summary of the baseline environmentA full listing and description of all archaeological andcultural heritage sites located within the study areais shown in Tables 23.5 and 23.6. A summary of allsites is presented as shown in Table 23.4. The sitelocations (marked by their National Grid Reference(NGR)), area extents and townland boundariesare depicted and illustrated on maps (BaselineArchaeological and Cultural Heritage) included inBook 4 of this EIS.23.5.2 description of the baseline environmentFor the purpose of this section, Area 29 has beendivided into the following six subsections:■■■■■■■■St. Stephen’s Green North to Grafton StreetGrafton Street to Eden QuayEden Quay to Cathal Brugha StreetCathal Brugha Street to Dominick Street LowerEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge511

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE■■■■Dominick Street Upper to Constitution HillConstitution Hill to the former MGWR cutting atBroadstoneSignificant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified for the baseline environment arenoted for Area 29 and Area 30, respectively in thesesections. The description of the baseline environmentshould be read in conjunction with the maps (BaselineArchaeological and Cultural Heritage) included inBook 4 of this EIS.23.5.2.1 Area 29: St. Stephen’s Green to formerBroadstone railway cuttingSt. Stephen’s Green North to Grafton StreetWithin this area the proposed alignment traverses St.Stephen’s Green West and North, Dawson Street,Nassau Street and the northern end of Grafton Street.The entire area falls within the Zone of ArchaeologicalPotential (ZAP) for the historic city of Dublin (AC1).In addition, the St. Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillartramline (AC4) which operated from 1874 to 1938traversed this area. There are 21 further archaeologyand cultural heritage constraints located within thestudy area at this locality which are described in detailas shown in Table 23.5.Significant archaeological constraints identified atSt. Stephen’s Green include a former Quaker burialground (AC3) located on the western side and St.Stephen’s Green Park (AC2), the origins of whichcan be traced back to medieval times. The park andits surrounding railings, pavements, bollards andlampposts are a designated National Monument.Two areas of archaeological potential have also beenidentified located at the junction of St. Stephen’sGreen North/Grafton Street (AC5) and at the junctionof St. Stephen’s Green North/Dawson Street (AC6).There are no significant cultural heritage constraints inthis locality.Significant archaeological constraints identified onDawson Street include two dwellings (AC8, AC11),the Mansion House which was built in 1710 (AC9), St.Ann’s Church (AC13) which was constructed c. 1720and possible subsurface remains of two dwellings thatwere levelled in c. 1725 (AC14 and AC15). One culturalheritage constraint has been identified on this street,a Ulysses plaque (AC18), which is one of 14 bronzeplaques unveiled in 1988 to mark the route taken byLeopold Bloom in the eighth episode of Ulysses. Thisone is set in the pavement outside 51c Dawson Street.Table 23.4 Summary of the baseline environmentSite TypeNational Monument and RMP sites.Areas of archaeological potential.Industrial heritage sites.Cultural heritage sites.Townland boundaries.SuMMARy OF the BASELINE ENVIRONMENT4 National Monuments and the constraint area of 1 NationalMonument are located within the study area. These are St.Stephen’s Green, the Daniel O’Connell Monument, the WilliamSmith O’Brien Monument, the Charles Stewart Parnell Monumentalong with 4 cast iron bollards and 14–17 Moore Street respectively.A substantial part of the study area is situated within the historiccity of Dublin which is designated as an RMP site (DU018-020).A further 40 RMP sites have been identified within the study area,including 9 which are also designated as Protected Structures and2 which are recorded in the DCIHR.10 areas of archaeological potential have been identified within thestudy area.46 industrial heritage sites, all of which are recorded in the DCIHR,are present within the study area. 11 of these sites are designatedas Protected Structures and 2 are designated as RMP sites.14 monuments/features of cultural heritage are located within thestudy area. Of these, 1 is designated as a Protected Structure.6 townland boundaries are located within the study area.512Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGESignificant archaeological constraints identified onNassau Street and Grafton Street include St. Patrick’sHoly Well (AC20), which reputedly dates to the 5 thcentury, the former site of Augustinian All HallowsPriory (AC27) which was dissolved in 1538 and TCD(AC28) which first opened in 1592. Two significantcultural heritage sites have been identified in thislocality, a Ulysses plaque (AC21) set in the pavementoutside No. 2 Grafton Street and the Molly MaloneMonument (AC22) which was unveiled in 1988 anddepicts a fictitious fishmonger.Grafton Street to Eden QuayWithin this area the proposed alignment traversesCollege Green, Westmoreland Street, College Street,Hawkins Street, Aston Quay, Bachelors Walk, BurghQuay and Eden Quay. The entire area falls within theZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1). In addition, theSt. Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillar tramline (AC4)which operated from 1874 to 1938 traversed this area.There are 32 further archaeology and cultural heritageconstraints located within the study area at this localitywhich are described in detail as shown in Table 23.5.The area comprising College Green, WestmorelandStreet and College Street has been identified as anarea of high archaeological potential (AC26) dueto the density of RMP sites and finds dating to theViking and medieval period and cartographic evidencesuggesting the potential presence of subsurfaceremains dating to the 17 th and 18 th century.Significant archaeological constraints identified atCollege Green and College Street include the formerAugustinian All Hallows Priory (AC27) and TCD(AC28). Other significant archaeological constraintsidentified on College Green include a watermill site(AC29) with associated millpond (AC25) dating to atleast the 13 th century and a multiperiod site (AC30)which includes an early 17 th century hospital site,a dwelling site, a gate house site, a bawn site, aparliament site as well as an early 18 th parliamenthouse (which is now the Bank of Ireland). Othersignificant archaeological constraints identified onCollege Street include the “Challoner’s Corner”(AC32), which is a small graveyard adjacent to TCDChapel containing graves dating to c. 1710, a medievalchapel site (AC34), ecclesiastical remains comprisingpart of a tiled medieval pavement found in situ (AC35)and the site of a Viking “Long Stone” (AC36). Atthe present-day intersection of College Green andWestmoreland Street, a bridge site (AC31) crossingthe now culverted Stein River has been identified as asignificant archaeological constraint.Four significant cultural heritage constraints havebeen identified in the vicinity of College Green,Westmoreland Street and College Street. Theseinclude three Ulysses plaques (AC33, AC42 andAC44), the People’s Island (AC45) which comprisesa series of brass, bronze and concrete footprintsand bird tracks and a modern sculpture (AC37)commemorating the Viking “Long Stone”.Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified on Hawkins Street include anarea of archaeological potential (AC39), the usherstatue at the Screen Cinema which was erected in1988 (AC38) and the Patrick Sheahan Monument(AC48) which was unveiled in 1906 in commemorationof Patrick Sheahan, a member of the metropolitanpolice force who died in 1905 in the line of duty.Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified at the quays include an areaof archaeological potential (AC50) located on BurghQuay where subsurface remains of late 18 th andearly 19 th century structures may be present, AstonQuay (AC49), O’Connell Bridge (AC51) which wasconstructed in 1876–1880 to extend the width of anearlier bridge dating to 1795 “Carlisle Bridge” at thesame location, Bachelors Walk/Eden Quay (AC54),the “Iron Key” (AC55) and a 17 th century burial site(AC57). Additionally, one significant cultural heritageconstraint, a Ulysses plaque (AC52), is located onO’Connell Bridge.Eden Quay to Cathal Brugha StreetWithin this area the proposed alignment traversesO’Connell Street Lower, the southern end of O’ConnellStreet Upper and Marlborough Street as far as itsjunction with Cathal Brugha Street. The entire areafalls within the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin(AC1). There are 13 further archaeology and culturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis locality which are described in detail as shown inTable 23.5.Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified on O’Connell Street Lower andthe southern end of O’Connell Street Upper includethe Daniel O’Connell Monument (AC56), unveiled in1882, the William Smith O’Brien Monument (AC61),unveiled in 1870, both of which are designatedNational Monuments, the site of a glass house (AC58)which dates to at least the 18 th century, the site of theSt. Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillar tramline (AC4)which operated from 1874 to 1938 and the tramlinewhich ran from Nelson’s Pillar to Phoenix Park (AC66)which operated between 1876 and 1940. Additionally,O’Connell Street Lower and O’Connell Street UpperEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge513

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEhave been identified as an area of archaeologicalpotential (AC65) due to the likely presence ofsubsurface remains associated with 18 th centurydwellings. Two significant cultural heritage constraintshave been identified on these streets, the Taxi Man’sShrine (AC67) which was erected by the taxi driversaround the time of the Eucharistic Congress in 1932and a Ulysses plaque (AC59) set in the pavementoutside No. 49 O’Connell Street Lower.One significant archaeological constraint has beenidentified on Marlborough Street, the site of St.Thomas’s Church and its associated graveyard(AC68). There are no cultural heritage constraintslocated on this street.Cathal Brugha Street to Dominick Street LowerWithin this area the proposed alignment extendsalong the northern end of O’Connell Street Upper, thenorthern end of Marlborough Street, Parnell Streetand Dominick Street Lower. The majority of this areafalls within the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin(AC1). There are 10 further archaeology and culturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis locality which are described in detail as shown inTable 23.5.Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified at the northern end of O’ConnellStreet include the Charles Stewart Parnell Monument,Four Cast Iron Bollards and a plaque (AC72) whichare collectively designated as a National Monumentand part of the site of a tramline which ran fromNelson’s Pillar to the Phoenix Park (AC66). This sitealso extends onto Parnell Street. One significantarchaeological constraint has been identified atthe northern end of Marlborough Street, the site ofSt. Thomas’s Church and its associated graveyard(AC68). There are no significant cultural heritageconstraints located on this street.Significant archaeological constraints identified onParnell Street include a possible Norse cemetery(AC71) which may be associated with the Battle ofClontarf in AD1014 and Parnell Street itself whichis regarded as being an area of archaeologicalpotential (AC73) due to the fact that there may beremains of 18 th century structures beneath the currentstreetscape. Dominick Street Lower has also beenidentified as an area of archaeological potential(AC76) for the same reason. There are no significantcultural heritage constraints located on these streets.Dominick Street Upper to Constitution HillWithin this area the proposed alignment traversesDominick Street Upper, Western Way and ConstitutionHill. In addition to the ZAP for the historic city ofDublin (AC1), there are 12 archaeology and culturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis locality which are described in detail as shown inTable 23.5.Significant archaeological constraints identified onDominick Street Upper include a small section of theZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1) and DominickStreet Upper itself (AC76) has been identified as anarea of archaeological potential due to the potentialfor subsurface remains dating to at least the early18 th century being present beneath the currentstreetscape. There are no significant cultural heritageconstraints located on this street.Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified on Western Way andConstitution Hill include an area of archaeologicalpotential (AC84) around the vicinity of the ConstitutionHill/Western Way junction where it is possible thatsubsurface remains associated with structures visibleon Rocque’s map (1756) and Duncan’s map (1821)are present, a small section of the ZAP for the historiccity of Dublin (AC1), the Royal Canal Bank (AC85)which was built c. 1956 on the site of a section of theformer Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal, FosterAqueduct (AC86) which was erected at the beginningof the 19 th century and the Grangegorman East/DublinCity townland boundary (AC90).Constitution Hill to former Broadstone railwaycuttingWithin this area the proposed alignment extendsacross the site of the former MGWR Terminus (AC89)which is now in use as a bus depot by CIÉ. In additionto the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1), thereare nine archaeology and cultural heritage constraintslocated within the study area at this locality which aredescribed in detail as shown in Table 23.5.Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified here include a small section ofthe ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1), the siteof Foster Aqueduct (AC86) which was erected at thebeginning of the 19 th century, the infilled BroadstoneHarbour and Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal(AC88), the former Broadstone station terminalbuilding and associated structures which were openedin the mid 19 th century to serve as a terminus for theMGWR (AC89), the site of two engine sheds (AC91and AC92), a statue of the Virgin Mary (AC87) whichwas erected in 1953, the Grangegorman East/DublinCity townland boundary (AC90) and a possible burialsite (AC93) that may contain unmarked cholera gravesdating from the 1830s.514Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE23.5.2.2 Area 30: Former Broadstone railwaycutting to BroombridgeWithin this area the proposed alignment extends alongthe line of the former MGWR cutting (AC95) throughthe townlands of Grangegorman East, GrangegormanMiddle, Grangegorman North and Cabragh at whichpoint it reaches its terminus just east of BroombridgeRoad. There are 25 further archaeology and culturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis locality, a number of which are associated with theformer MGWR (AC95). These are described in detailas shown in Table 23.6.Significant archaeological constraints located in thisarea include the former MGWR (AC95) which, asmentioned previously, extends from GrangegormanEast to Cabragh. This railway line was opened in 1847and continued in use for public transport up until 1937.Substantial remains of the railway cutting boundaryand retaining walls survive along with associatedbridges and other features.Broombridge railway overbridge (AC117) built c. 1846and the site of a townland boundary between Cabraghand Ballyboggan South (AC119).23.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environmentA summary of the baseline categorisation for Area29 is shown in Table 23.5 and for Area 30 in Table23.6. The location of sites (National Monuments,RMP, industrial heritage and cultural heritage sites)is marked on maps (Baseline Archaeological andCultural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS by apoint referencing their NGR as shown in Tables 23.5and 23.6. Both the location and extent of areas ofarchaeological potential, the ZAP for Historic Dublin(AC1) , Broadstone Canal+Harbour (AC88), theMGWR Terminus at Broadstone (AC89) the MGWR(AC95), and the Royal Canal (AC108) are depictedas shaded areas as illustrated on maps (BaselineArchaeology and Cultural Heritage) included in Book4 of this EIS and a dashed boundary line is used todepict the location and extent of townland boundaries.Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified in Grangegorman East includea railway overbridge built c. 1846 to carry the NorthCircular Road (AC96) over the former MGWRcutting and the site of a townland boundary betweenGrangegorman East and Grangegorman Middle(AC97).Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified in Grangegorman Middle includea railway overbridge built c. 1846 (AC98) to carry theCabra Road over the former MGWR cutting, the siteof a former railway overbridge built c. 1846 (AC99)to carry Fassaugh Road/Connaught Street over theformer MGWR cutting and the site of a townlandboundary between Grangegorman Middle andGrangegorman North (AC100).Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified in Grangegorman North includethe site of a coal yard (AC102), a twin arch railwaytunnel (AC104) which was opened in 1877 as part ofthe Great Southern and Western Railway (GSWR) butwhich now carries the Phoenix Park railway line underthe Royal Canal, the former Liffey Junction railwaystation (AC113) which opened in 1864, the RoyalCanal and its associated towing path (AC108) whichalso extends into Cabragh and the site of a townlandboundary between Grangegorman North and Cabragh(AC115).Significant archaeological and cultural heritageconstraints identified in Cabragh include theBroombridge canal bridge (AC116) built c. 1790, theEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge515

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 Baseline categorisation: Area 29 St. Stephen’s Green to former Broadstone railway cuttingACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgHistoric City, Zone of Archaeological Potential(ZAP) for Dublin City1CentralDublinOS DN018315824/233418RMPDU018-020The majority of Dublin city centre falls within theZAP for Historic Dublin, which is designated as anRMP site. The extent of this zone is depicted onMap E (DCC, 2005).The majority of Area 29 study area falls within theZAP: St. Stephen’s Green to the southern endof Dominick Street Lower, junction of DominickStreet Lower and Dominick Street Upper; Sectionof Constitution Hill to south of the Western Way/Constitution Hill junction, as well as a small area ofWestern Way.(Data sources: RMP map (1998) – sheets3263B/3264A/3197D/3198C; DCC, 2005).Very highSt. Stephen’s GreenThe origins of the Green, named after a Churchof St. Stephen, which was the chapel of a leperhospital, can be traced back to medieval times.It was then an unenclosed and marshy common.Along with two other open commons, OxmantownGreen and Hoggen Green (now College Green)it was used by the citizens of Dublin as grazinglands for their livestock (Clarke 1977, 72).In 1663 the City Assembly or Corporation decidedto develop St. Stephen’s Green, then about 60acres in extent, in such a way that it would providesome income for the city while still serving thepeople as an open space. By the following year,1664, a central area of 27 acres had been markedout to be preserved. The remainder was dividedinto 90 building lots, each with about 60 feetfrontage. Each lessee was also required to plantsix sycamore trees near the wall (Craig 1980,2–4). The corporation then levelled the interiorof the Green and enclosed it with a stone wall.Inside the wall was a gravel walk 35 feet widelined with elm and lime trees. Further in againwas a drainage ditch, with another walk borderedby hawthorn hedges between the ditch and theinterior of the Green. The Green remained in thisform for about a century and a half (Craig 1980,2–4).2St. Stephen’sGreenOS DN018315886/233417NationalMonumentRMPDU018-020334RPS7927/7928(DCC)Very high516Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgSt. Stephen’s Green ContinuedThe park is depicted on Brooking’s map (1728)to have had two entrances in the northwest andsoutheast corners, respectively; a structure,possibly a gatehouse, is depicted at each of theselocations. No above-ground evidence of either ofthese features survives; however, it is possiblethat subsurface evidence relating to the structureat the northwest corner may be present within thestudy area.Throughout the 18 th century the Green was afashionable place to walk. The main entranceat the time was at the west side, opposite YorkStreet. The interior was used during this periodfor pasturage of cattle and horses, as a paradeground for the yeomanry and other troops, andon occasion as a place of public assembly (Craig1980, 2–4).Subsequent to an act of 1814, the only peopleallowed to access the park were those who paid aguinea a year (Bennett 2005, 237–238); it was notuntil 1877 that the park re-opened to the public.The park was laid out in its current form c. 1880under the initiation of Sir Arthur Guinness (Bennett2005, 238).Comparison of historic OS maps demonstratethat St. Stephen’s Green North and St. Stephen’sGreen West have been widened since the 19 thcentury. Consequently, evidence of the outerperimeter of the 18 th century St. Stephen’sGreen Park may be present beneath the presentstreetscapes.The park played a role during the 1916 EasterRising when a group of insurgents confiscatedmotor cars in order to create a road blockadearound the park and subsequently dug defensivepositions within the park itself. The insurgentswere later forced to withdraw to the Royal Collegeof Surgeons on the west side of St. Stephen’sGreen. Numerous pock marks, the result of Britishmachine-gun fire, can be seen on Fusiliers’ Arch(Shiels 2006, 8–11).2St. Stephen’sGreenOS DN018315886/233417NationalMonumentRMPDU018-020334RPS7927/7928(DCC)Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge517

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgSt. Stephen’s Green Continued2St. Stephen’sGreenOS DN018315886/233417NationalMonumentRMPDU018-020334RPS7927/7928(DCC)The National Monument status of this site extendsto and includes the railings, gates, paving, lampposts and bollards which surround the Green. Therailings, gates and plinth walls of the perimeterboundary on St. Stephen’s Green are alsocollectively designated as a Protected Structure(RPS 7927), as are the surrounding bollards andtraditional-style lamp posts (RPS 7928).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Clarke 1977,72; Craig 1980, 2–4; Brooking’s map (1728);Bennett 2005, 238; 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map(1843); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Shiels2006, 8–11).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS forfurther information regarding this monument;refer also to AH10–AH13 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).Very highGraveyard SiteThis site was bought by the Society of Friends asa burial ground in 1674 (Goodbody in Butler 2004,59). This site is shown on Rocque’s map of Dublin(1756) and represented as “Quakers BuryingGround”. The site is located directly north of YorkStreet and immediately west of St. Stephen’sGreen West. The burial ground as depicted onRocque’s map is orientated west-northwest/eastsoutheastand displays a rectangular morphology(70×18m). In 1805 when “being … but little used,and being subject to heavy taxes” (TP 1877 inButler 2004, 59) the plot was sold to the RoyalCollege of Surgeons. It was sold on the conditionthat it would not be wholly built over. However, thecollege subsequently exhumed the burials, whichwere re-interred at Cork Street (Cameron in Butler2004, 59) and erected their headquarters buildingover the whole of the site. The Royal College ofSurgeons was built over this site in 1806 (Lyons1995, 40).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’smap (1756); Butler 2004, 59; Lyons 1995, 40).3Nos. 121–122St. Stephen’sGreen West/York StreetOS DN018315820/233457RMPDU018-020166Very high518Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgSite of Tramway: St. Stephen’s Green toNelson’s PillarThis tramline ran along the following streetsfalling within the study area: St. Stephen’s GreenWest, St. Stephen’s Green North, Dawson Street,Nassau Street, northern end of Grafton Street,College Green, College Street, D’Olier Street andO’Connell Street as far as the “Spire”.The Dublin tramway system was in its day seenas the most efficient of its type in Europe, andhad the seventh largest electric tramway networkin the world. This tramline was opened in 1874,electrified in 1899 and closed in 1938. Noevidence of the tramline, or any associated streetfurniture, was identified during the field survey.There is a low potential for subsurface remainsassociated with this site to be present beneaththe current streetscape.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/002 (merit rating:record only); Headland Archaeology, 2009).4St. Stephen’sGreen toO’ConnellStreetOS DN018NGR: Various-MediumArea of Archaeological PotentialDe Gomme’s map (1673) depicts a streetfollowing a roughly similar orientation to presentdayGrafton Street named as “Highway to St.Stephen’s Green”. However, the southern end ofthe street is shown to have been located slightlyto the west of where Grafton Street lies today.A small number of houses are also depictedas fronting the east of this street and ontoSt. Stephen’s Green North. It is possible thatsubsurface remains of these structures and thesouthern end of the 17 th century “Highway” arepresent under the current streetscape of presentdayGrafton Street’s southern end.(Data sources: De Gomme’s map (1673);Brooking’s map (1728); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map(1843); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911)).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS forfurther information regarding this site.5GraftonStreet South/St. Stephen’sGreen NorthOS DN018315902/233591-HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge519

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgArea of Archaeological Potential6DawsonStreet/St.Stephen’sGreen NorthOS DN018316042/233547-On De Gomme’s map (1673), five large housesand their associated gardens are shown in thegeneral vicinity of the present-day junction ofDawson Street and St. Stephen’s Green North.One or more of these houses may have had to berazed to the ground to accommodate constructionof Dawson Street which was carried out in 1707(Bennett 2005, 62). It is possible that subsurfaceremains of these structures are present under thecurrent streetscape of Dawson Street’s southernend where it adjoins St. Stephen’s Green North.High(Data sources: De Gomme’s map (1673); Bennett2005, 62).Note: Refer to Annex M, Section 1.1, Book 5 ofthis EIS for further information regarding this site.Smithy Point7Joshua LaneOS DN018316018/233605-This site is represented on historic OS maps as“Smithy”. The original building appears to havebeen replaced; however the current structuremay incorporate some earlier fabric. The buildingcurrently functions as a car park.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/164 (merit rating:record only); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911);3 rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940);Headland Archaeology, 2009).High8DawsonStreetOS DN018316030/233610RMPDU018-020649DwellingAccording to the Archaeological Survey of IrelandSMR file for this site, which is housed in theDoEHLG, there is no evidence to corroborate thissite. The SMR file further states that the site willtherefore be de-listed in the revised RMP.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives).Very high520Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgDwelling (The Mansion House)9DawsonStreetOS DN018316082/233613RMPDU018-020327RPS 2292(DCC)Joshua Dawson acquired the site in 1705 andbuilt a mansion here in 1710 which was boughtin 1715 by Dublin Corporation as the officialresidence for the Lord Mayor (Bardon 1988,28). It is a Queen Anne house of brick, spoiledby stucco, balustrade (replacing figure-subjectpanels), windows and other Victoriana. This site isfirst shown on Brooking’s map (1728) and also onRocque’s map (1756). This site is later depictedon the 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843), by whichtime it had expanded considerably eastward, andon the 3 rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940).On both of these OS maps it is labelled as“Mansion House”.The first Dáil Éireann assembled here on 21 stJanuary 1919 to adopt Ireland’s Declaration ofIndependence. The Mansion House remainedthe seat of Dáil Éireann’s public sessions until theBritish banning of the assembly, 10 th September1919 (Killanin and Duignan, 1967, 238).Data sources: RMP; Brooking’s map (1728);Rocque’s map (1756); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map(1843); 3 rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940);SMR Archives; Bardon 1988, 28; Killanin andDuignan 1967, 238; DCC, 2005; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH33 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).Very highBowling Green SiteThis site is not depicted on Brooking’s map(1728) but is shown on Rocque’s map (1756) andlabelled as “Bowling Green”. Rocque’s map (1756)shows the green as being located to the east ofthe Mansion House (AC9) and is delineated by“Stable Lane” (now Schoolhouse Lane East) toits immediate north. The site was roughly squarein morphology and measured approximately 50meast/west and 45m north/south. An extension tothe Mansion House (AC9) had been built on thissite by the time the area was surveyed for the 1 stEdition 6 inch OS map (1843).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Brooking’smap (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map(1821); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843)).10SchoolhouseLane EastOS DN018316122/233611RMPDU018-020181Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge521

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgDwelling11Ron Black’sChampagneBarNo. 37DawsonStreetOS DN018316032/233641RMPDU018-020240RPS 2313(DCC)This is a three-bay 18 th century house with anunusual carved limestone cornice above thesecond floor on the façade with an apparentlynew floor added above. It is much altered. It hasa highly decorative bay window in hardwoodand cast iron added to front with balcony. Thisarchitect is unknown. The site’s location is shownas developed on Brooking’s map (1728) andRocque’s map (1756) but the current buildingis not clearly depicted until the time of the1843 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map. Craig (1969,107) mentions that Colonel Thomas Burgh, anarchitect, lived in this house and that it has sincebeen rebuilt.(Data sources: RMP; Brooking’s map (1728);Rocque’s map (1756); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map(1843); SMR Archives; Craig 1969, 107; DCC,2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH62 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).Very high12No. 28 SouthAnne’s Lane/No. 3 Anne’sLaneOS DN018315963/233668-Site of SmithyThe smithy is noted on historic OS maps as“Smithy”. The original building has been replacedwith modern commercial structures and noevidence of the original structure was notedduring the Headland Archaeology, 2009.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/165 (merit rating: notprovided); 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Medium522Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgSt. Ann’s Church and GraveyardThis church was designed by Isaac Wills forJoshua Dawson and building commenced c.1720. It was later altered in 1868 by Sir ThomasNewenham Dean who added the current Neo-Romanesque façade.The church and associated boundary wall isdepicted on Brooking’s map (1728) frontingonto Dawson Street with the Mansion House tothe south and Molesworth Street to the north.Examination of Rocque’s map (1756) showsthat the western end of Molesworth Street wasrealigned to the north in the interim period betweenthis and Brooking’s map (1728) and MolesworthStreet is shown as comprising a straighteralignment than previously. A row of houses isdepicted on Rocque’s map (1756) to the immediatenorth of St. Ann’s Church, extending along thechurch’s east/west boundary and fronting onto thenewly aligned Molesworth Street.The graveyard site depicted on historic OS mapsdisplays a rectangular morphology (approximately30×14m) and is orientated north–northeast/south–southwest. Molesworth Place is shown delineatingthe graveyard to the east; the Royal Irish Academydelineated the site to the south, whilst a structurelabelled as “hall” delineated it to the north. Thegraveyard site has since been altered and nowcontains several recent attendant outbuildings anda concrete yard, all associated with the church.All buried remains that were present at the timeof these alterations were reinterred into the cryptsbeneath the church where they still remain. Thepassage ways in the crypt are partially blockedwith brick walling to the west; hence their westernextent proved difficult to determine. Discussionswith various formal associates of St. Ann’s Churchincluding Victor Fitzpatrick, Reverend Gillespie, Mr.Ian Walsh and Mr. John Bailey, did not reveal anyevidence which suggests that the crypts extendbeneath the current street.(Data Sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DCC, 2005;Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756);Duncan’s map (1821); 1 st Edition 6 inch OSmap (1843); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911);Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH34 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24)13DawsonStreetOS DN018316090/233686RRMPDU018-020413RPS 2293Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge523

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgDwelling Site14MolesworthStreet/DawsonStreetOS DN018316076/233732RMPDU018-020241This house was razed to the ground as part of theMolesworth development which dates from a privateenabling Act of 1725 (Craig 1969, 107).St. Ann’s Church (AC13) was built on ground givenby Joshua Dawson and the Molesworth and Dawsoninterests seem to have worked well together, forMolesworth managed to persuade Dawson topull down four houses near the church so thatMolesworth and Dawson Street could be linkedtogether (Georg. Soc. in Craig 1969, 108). Thisparticular dwelling was one of the houses that waslevelled.Very high15MolesworthStreetOS DN018316107/2337438RMPDU018-020238Dwelling SiteRefer to AC14 for site historical context. Thisdwelling was levelled c. 1725.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Craig 1969,107; Georg. Soc. in Craig 1969, 108).Very highDwelling16Duke StreetOS DN018316010/233780RMPDU018-020650According to the Archaeological Survey of IrelandSMR file for this site, which is housed in theDoEHLG, there is no evidence to corroborate thissite. The SMR file further states that the site willtherefore be de-listed in the revised RMP.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives).Very highDwelling17Duke StreetOS DN018316020/233780RMPDU018-020651According to the Archaeological Survey of IrelandSMR file for this site, which is housed in theDoEHLG, there is no evidence to corroborate thissite. The SMR file further states that the site willtherefore be de-listed in the revised RMP.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives).Very highUlysses Plaque18No. 51cDawsonStreetOS DN018316066/233780-This cultural heritage feature is one of fourteenbronze relief Ulysses’ plaques in Dublin City createdby the artist Robin Buick, and sponsored by Cantrelland Cochrane in 1988, to mark the route taken byLeopold Bloom in the eighth episode of Ulysses(Lestrygonians) from the Freeman’s Journal/EveningTelegraph office at Nos. 4–8 Prince’s Street to theNational Museum in Kildare Street. It is set intothe pavement outside No. 51c Dawson Street. Theinscription on this plaque reads: “You’re in DawsonStreet, Mr. Bloom said. Molesworth Street is opposite.Do you want to cross? There’s nothing in the way”.High(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC21, AC33, AC42, AC44, AC52and AC59.524Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgDwelling19No. 10FrederickStreet SouthOS DN018316154/233797RMPDU018-020645This is a Dutch Billy type site (pers. comm.Arthur Gibney, DoEHLG). It comprises a terracedtwo-bay four-storey over basement house, builtc. 1760 and has a rendered basement areato the front (east). The roof has a red brickchimneystack concealed behind a Flemish bondred brick parapet wall with dressed limestonecoping. The front elevation is of Flemish bond redbrick with a rendered wall and chamfered slatecapping at basement level. Buildings are firstshown in this area on Rocque’s map (1756).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’smap (1756); Headland Archaeology, 2009).Very highHoly WellThe entrance to this well, known as “St. Patrick’sWell” (Hogan 1872–1873, 276) is located in thegarden of TCD, and the well structure is locatedunder a portion of the northern side of NassauStreet, which was formerly called “St. Patrick’sWell Lane”. The site reputedly dates to the 5 thcentury. The earliest reference to the well is to befound in Jocelin of Furness’ 12 th century text (“Lifeof St. Patrick”). The location of the well is shownon De Gomme’s map (1673).According to Bennett (2005) the well was anatural spring believed to mark the southernboundary of the dissolved monastery of AllHallows (AC27). It dried up suddenly in 1729but was restored in 1731 by Dublin Corporation(Bennett 2005, 176). The well is represented onboth editions of Clarke’s map (1978, “D6”; 2002a;“K5”) to the northwest of the intersection ofDawson Street and Nassau Street.The site consists of an entrance passageway,orientated north–south, c. 1.1m wide, andconstructed of 18 th century brick with avaulted ceiling. Located at the terminus of thepassageway, offset to the east, is a narrow brickarchway that leads into a circular stonelined well,c. 1.7m in diameter. Constructed directly on top ofthe well stone-work is a circular 18 th century brickchamber with a domed ceiling. Fracture/cracklines are visible in the brickwork of the entrancepassageway and the brickwork surface appearsslightly friable with small areas of surface damagevisible in both the passageway and the wellchamber (RPA 2009b; Headland Archaeology,2009). A schedule of condition carried out byMcGovern Surveyors (2009) concluded that thewell was generally in good condition; however, forreasons outlined above, the rear section of20NassauStreetOS DN018316094/233914RMPDU018-020060Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge525

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgthe entrance wall and the well chamber itselfwere noted to be in “fair” condition (McGovernSurveyors 2009, 1–7). The survey also recordedthat the present depth of the well, from its centre,measured 850mm, (McGovern Surveyors 2009,7); the well has a total depth of c. 12m but thishas silted up to its present recorded depth.The site extends under the entire width of NassauStreet’s northern pavement and approximately0.28m under the road carriageway and its interiorceiling is approximately 50–60cm below groundlevel (RPA 2009b; RPA 2009d).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DeGomme’s map (1673); Hogan 1872–1873,276–77; RPA 2009b; Bennett 2005, 176; Clarke1978; McGovern Surveyors 2009, 7; RPA 2009D;Headland Archaeology, 2009).Ulysses Plaque21GraftonStreet/NassauStreetOS DN018315987/233937-Refer to AC18 for contextual description. Thisplaque is set into the pavement on the corner ofGrafton Street and Nassau Street outside No.2 Grafton Street. The inscription on this plaquereads: “He crossed at Nassau Street corner andstood before the window of Yeates and Son,pricing the field glasses”.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC18, AC33, AC42, AC44,AC52 and AC59.HighMolly Malone Monument22GraftonStreetOS DN018315981/233960-Molly Malone is a fictitious fishmonger featuredin Dublin’s anthem, “Molly Malone”. She isshown wheeling a cart. The statue was erectedto celebrate Dublin’s millennium in 1988. Thesculpture, by Jeanne Rynhart, was unveiled inNovember 1988 and was sponsored by JurysHotel (Bennett 2005, 115).High(Data sources: Bennett 2005, 115; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).526Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgBridge SiteThis bridge is shown on both editions of Clarke’smap (1978 and 2002a) as providing access overthe Stein River; a tributary of the River Liffeythat is now subterranean and enters the RiverLiffey at Burgh Quay from the south. The bridgeis depicted as having been located midway, andin the centre, of present-day Suffolk Street andis orientated southeast/northwest. It is shown ashaving measured approximately 10m in length.A bridge is depicted at this general locationon Speed’s map (1610) providing access overthe Stein River and is shown to be located inan undeveloped area associated with TCD. DeGomme’s map (1673) does not show either theStein River or the bridge, suggesting that by thisdate the Stein had been culverted. There are novisible traces of the bridge.A bridge over the Stein River is mentioned in adocument dating to 1192 and also referred to asbeing in need of repair in a document dating to1297 (Clarke 2002b, 27). Haliday (1881, 149–150)states that a grant was made available to thePriory (AC27) in 1298 to repair the “bridge of theSteyne”. It should be noted however, that therewere two bridges crossing the Stein River, onelocated at the junction of College Green andWestmoreland Street (AC31) and this one locatedat Suffolk Street (AC23). It is therefore unclear towhich bridge these early dates are attributable to.(Data Sources: RMP; SMR Archive; Clarke 1978;Clarke 2002a; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’smap (1673)).23Suffolk StreetOS DN018315927/233975RMPDU018-020386Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge527

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgMound SiteThis was an earthen mound, known as the“Thingmote”, located towards the eastern end ofDame Street, where the Dublin Vikings held theirassemblies. Haliday records that the “Thingmote”was located “at the angle formed by Church Laneand Suffolk Street nearly opposite the presentchurch of St. Andrew, and about 40 perches eastof the old edifice” (Haliday 1884, 162). It was anartificial conical hill 40 feet high and 240 feetin circumference (Haliday 1884, 163), speciallyconstructed as a place of assembly and judicaturewith a seat on top for the king and seats ontiers beneath for his sons and for noble men.Political decisions were made here and gamesand archery contests took place on the flat landsbeneath (Somerville-Large 1996, 10).As at Old Uppsala in Sweden, the Dublinassembly site appears to have beenaccompanied by a number of burial mounds, oneof which was still standing as late as the mid 17 thcentury (Harris in Clarke 2002b, 3). These werepresumably the graves of Scandinavian kingsof Dublin. It is probable that the old Norse wordhaugr meaning “burial mound” lies behind themedieval name “Hogges (later Hoggen) Green”(Clarke 2002b, 3). In view of the discovery ofViking burials in the College Green area, the“Thingmote” itself may have been a burial moundin origin (Bradley and King 1989, Vol. VIII, PartII, 151). The mound was removed in 1685 andthe material was moved to “St. Patrick’s WellLane” (now Nassau Street) where the ground wasraised from 8 to 10 feet as the area was subject toflooding (Clarke 1990, 126) There are no visibleremains of the “Thingmote”.Interestingly, the “Thingmote” is not depicted oneither Speed’s map (1610) or De Gomme’s map(1673). On both editions of Clarke’s map (1978,“O12”; 2002a, “F7”) the site is depicted asincorporating a substantial area delineated bypresent-day College Green to the north, ChurchLane to the west, Suffolk Street to the south andthe Stein River to the east.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Somerville-Large 1996, 10, 102–103; Clarke 2002b, 3;Bradley and King 1989, Vol. VIII, Part 2, 151;Clarke 1990, 126; Clarke 1978, “O12”; Clarke2002a, “F7”; Haliday, 1884, 162–163; Speed’smap (1610); De Gomme’s map (1673)).24SuffolkStreet/ChurchLane/CollegeGreenOS DN018315905/234023RMPDU018-020132Very high528Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgMill Pond Site25CollegeGreenOS DN018315963/234050RMPDU018-020401A mill pond, through which the Stein River flowed,is represented in the vicinity of College Greenon Speed’s map (1610) and on both editions ofClarke’s map (1978 and 2002a). On Speed’smap and the 2 nd edition map (Clarke 2002a),the pond is shown as comprising a roughlyrectangular shape and extending approximately75m north/south and 10m east/west. Its locationjust south of the Steine Mill (AC29), which waslocated outside the present-day west front ofTCD, suggests that these two features were mostlikely associated with one another. None of thesefeatures are shown on De Gomme’s map (1673)suggesting that by this date the Stein River hadbeen culverted. There are no visible remains ofthe mill pond.Very high(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Clarke 1978;Clarke 2002a; Speed’s map 1610; De Gomme’smap (1673)).Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge529

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgArea of Archaeological PotentialThe area comprising College Green, College Streetand Westmoreland Street is regarded as one of higharchaeological potential for a number of reasons.Firstly, prior to the land reclamation that took placein this area in the post-medieval period, part of thesouthern boundary of the River Liffey reached theenvirons of Fleet Street. The Stein River and a tributaryof the Poddle River also traversed this area; thus itcomprised a very different landscape from that whichis present today. Consequently, it is probable, ashas been demonstrated by previous archaeologicalexcavations (detail included in Annex M, Book 5, of thisEIS), that subsurface remains of settlement associatedwith this earlier landscape are present in the area.Secondly, a large number of RMP sites are presentwithin the general College Green and CollegeStreet area demonstrating extensive activity inthis locality during the Viking and medieval period.These include the Viking “Long Stone” site (AC36)and the “Thingmote” (AC24) from the Viking period;ecclesiastical remains (AC35), Augustinian Priory of AllHallows (AC27), a chapel site (AC34), a millpond site(AC25), a watermill site (AC29), TCD (AC28), a hospitalsite (AC30) and a bridge site (AC31). In addition, Vikingfinds and a substantial number of archaeologicalfinds dating from the medieval period onwards (detailincluded in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) have alsobeen recovered from this area.Thirdly, examination of cartographic sources suchas Speed’s map (1610), Brooking’s map (1728)and Rocque’s map (1756), suggests that some ofthe buildings depicted on these maps may haveextended into the area currently occupied by CollegeGreen, College Street and Westmoreland Street. Itis possible that subsurface evidence of these earlierstructures, including basements, may survive beneaththe current streetscape. This is evidenced on thenorthern boundary of TCD where in situ columns arevisible beneath the present boundary wall (accessedthrough an existing ESB substation). A GroundPenetrating Radar (GPR) (RPA 2009c) also recordedan unidentified anomaly that runs underneath thesouthern pavement of College Street; this may also beassociated with subsurface structural remains.(Data sources: RMP; Speed’s map (1610); DeGomme’s map (1673); Rocque’s map (1756);NMI topographical files; RPA 2009c; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for furtherinformation regarding these streets.26CollegeGreen/CollegeStreet/WestmorelandareaOS DN018315956/234078-High530Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgPriory Site (Augustinian Priory of All Hallows)Established by Diarmait mac Murchada, King ofLeinster in 1166 (Budd 2001, 1), the text of thesite’s foundation charter still survives (Gwynn andHadcock 1970, 171). The priory was at the edgeof the Steine lands, an area known for its grazingand as a landing place, where the shallowdraughtboats of the day would have been outashore near what is now the western end ofPearse Street Garda Station (Budd 2001, 21). It isnot clear whether the priory owned land outsideits walls, nor is it known when those walls werebuilt (Budd 2001, 18). It has been suggested thatthe original boundary wall of the Priory may havebeen on a similar alignment to that of the College(AC28) wall today (Budd 2001, 18). The locationof the college walls is first depicted on Speed’smap (1610), which shows TCD surrounded byan external enclosure which is approximatelyanalogous to the line of the modern boundary(Clarke in Casey 2005, 18).The priory was dissolved in 1538 and itspossessions were granted to the citizens ofDublin in 1539 in recognition of their loyaltyduring the Silken Thomas rebellion of 1534(Gilbert 1854, iii, 4; Clarke 2002b, 9). In 1571the steeple was recorded as being “ruinous andliable to collapse” (Ancient records in Clarke2002b, 19) and in 1576 the premises were usedas a temporary hospital (Berry in Clarke 2002b,19). The college of the Holy Trinity (AC28) wasestablished on the site by Elizabeth I in 1592, andthe lands were obtained from the city by AdamLoftus, the college provost. The only feature ofthe priory which is visible today is a 15 th centuryfunerary monument to one of the Earls of Kildarewhich is housed in St. Werburgh’s Church, TCD.The priory’s site is traditionally pointed out asbeing near the present campanile in LibrarySquare (Bradley and King 1989, Vol. VIII, Part II,137–138). The priory is shown at this location onboth editions of Clarke’s map (1978, “H1”; 2002a,“B1”).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Budd 2001,1, 18 and 21; Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 171;Gilbert 1854, III, 4; Clarke 2002b, 9 and 19;Bradley and King 1989, Part VIII, Vol. II, 137–138;Clarke 1978; Clarke 2002a; Speed’s map (1610);Casey 2005, 18).27TCDOS DN018316093/234078RMPDU018-020044Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge531

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgCollegeIn 1591, under Queen Elizabeth I, a charterproclaimed the founding of “The College of theHoly and Undivided Trinity”, “in a certain placecalled All Hallows”. The new university wasoutside the city walls and the Green in frontchanged its name from Hoggen Green to CollegeGreen (Somerville-Large 1996, 86). A charterwas provided by Elizabeth I and within two yearsthe college was open to receive students (Bennett2005, 270). The college was initially housed in theformer Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (AC27),a 12 th century foundation, the priory site andbuildings being donated to the college in 1592(Casey 2005, 389).Speed’s map (1610) depicts the College on thesite of the former Priory of All Hallows (AC27).This site is labelled “The Colledge” and isenclosed within a precinct with the Stein Riverand mill pond (AC25) on its western edge. Thecommencement of the new building phaseassociated with the college began in 1672 whenthe western section of a three-sided residentialcourt was constructed (Casey 2005, 390).Although redevelopment of some of the internalstructures within the college can be seen whenBrooking’s map (1728) and Rocque’s map (1756)are compared with one another as well as withmodern OS mapping, it be can observed that thepresent extent of the college is largely similar tothat depicted by Brooking in 1728.The college began modestly with a chapel,buttery, kitchen, hall and main square court pavedwith thin red Dutch bricks (Somerville-Large1996, 86). Today, the college comprises a 42acre site; none of the original red-brick buildingssurrounding the 120-square-foot courtyard havesurvived (Bennett 2005, 270).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Casey 2005,389–390; Somerville-Large 1996, 86; Bennett2005, 270; DCC, 2005; Speed’s map (1610);Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756)).Note: Refer also to AH105 and AH106 in theMaterial Assets: Architectural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).28TCDOS DN018316094/234071RMPDU018-020391RPS 2013(DCC)Very high532Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgWatermill SiteThis watermill, known as the Steine Mill, wassituated on the Stein River just outside thepresent-day west front of TCD. Its proximity tothe mill pond (AC25) suggests that the two siteswere related. The earliest known date of referenceto this site is 1276 (Clarke 2002a) and in 1298it was recorded that a grant was made to thePriory of All Hallows (AC27) to repair the “milland the bridge of the Stein” (Acts of Assembly inHaliday 1881, 150). Haliday also refers to a 1461grant (Placita Parliamentaria) which mentionsthe mill: “ Whereas the Prior and Convent of AllSaints [Hallow] besides Dyvelin of Old Timeshad a mill near the gate between the Green Bankand the Long Stone on the Stayne” (Bentham inHaliday 1884, 150). The mill is last mentioned in1462 when it is described as being in a “ruinous”condition and needing “to be rebuilt” (Alen’s reg.and Ancient records in Clarke 2002b, 26).Although the mill pond is represented on Speed’smap (1610), there is no clear depiction of a mill.De Gomme’s map (1673) does not show the SteinRiver, or the mill pond (AC25) suggesting that bythis date the mill was no longer in use and thatthe Stein River was culverted. The mill is depictedoutside the present west front of TCD on botheditions of Clarke’s map (1978, “N9”; 2002, “G10”).However, in the text accompanying the 2 nd editionmap (Clarke 2002a), it is stated that the preciselocation of this site is not known. There are novisible surface remains.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Speed’s map(1610); De Gomme’s map (1673); Clarke 1978,“N9”; Haliday 1884, 150; Clarke 2002a, “G10”;Clarke 2002b, 26).29CollegeGreenOS DN018315991/234105RMPDU018-02099Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge533

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgHospital Site/Dwelling Site/Gatehouse Site/Bawn Site/Parliament House Site/ParliamentHouse30CollegeGreenOS DN018315923/234128RMPDU018-020430–DU018-020435RPS 1996(DCC)In 1602, Sir George Carey (Carye, Carie, Cary)was given a lease for land in Hoggen Green “tobuild a hospital for the relief of poor, sick, andmaimed soldiers”. The hospital (DU018-020430)was built and appears on Speed’s map of 1610as “Hospitall”. It was also known as Carye’s orCarew’s Hospital. The boundary of the site isclearly represented on Speed’s map (1610) andit is likely that this boundary correlates with thesurrounding wall (DU018-020433) referred to in1612 when Sir Arthur Chichester acquired the site(De Courcy 1996, 21). A structure is shown directlysouth of the hospital within the same site on thismap and may represent the gatehouse (DU018-020432) also referred to in 1612 in relation toChichester’s acquisition of the property. Its use asa home for soldiers was short-lived. Carey servedas Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1603 to 1604, andthe building was being used for law courts in 1605.In 1610, the house was described as a large threebay building (Clarke 2000, 28). In 1612, Sir ArthurChichester, baron of Belfast and Lord Deputy from1604 to 1615, acquired it as a “capitall massuadgeor house [DU018-020431] neere the cittie calledthe hospital [DU018-020430], together with thegatehouse [DU018-020432], court, and wall[DU018-020433] about the same” (DeCourcy1996, 20–21). Following the death of Chichester,the house (DU018-020431), already known asChichester House in 1613, passed first to SamuelSmith and later to Sir John Borlase, Lord Justice,who received it in “a much decayed and ruinouscondition” (DeCourcy 1996, 21).The first parliament of Ireland was held in thisbuilding in 1661 and in 1673 the Crown took alease of the property for use as a parliamenthouse (DU018-020434) (De Courcy 1996, 21).The building is labelled as “Parliament House” onDe Gomme’s map (1673). The boundary of thesite is shown as comprising a square morphologydelineated by College Green to the east and southon this map; no individual features associated withthe site, such as the parliament house (DU018-020434) or gatehouse (DU018-020432), areshown. The contemporary ground plan of this siteis known however (Craig 1982, 151; footnote no.4); entry was through a gate from the south of thesite between guardhouses.Very high534Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgA passage, less than 11 feet wide led into acourtyard about 50 feet deep and 40 feet wide. Tothe east was the House of Lords (DU018-020434),57 feet by 21 feet, and to the west, the House ofCommons (DU018-020434) of similar dimensions.The whole block, exclusive of gatehouse (DU018-020432) and courtyard was about 135 feet by66 feet (Craig 1982, 151). A depiction of the sitesimilar to this description is shown on Brooking’smap (1728), though aside from the potentialpassage and courtyard described by Craig (1982),no individual features such as the parliamenthouse (DU018-020434) or gatehouse (DU018-020432) is shown. The parliament house (DU018-020434) continued to deteriorate reaching a stateof gross decay by 1728 (De Courcy 1996, 21).That same year, the Commons agreed that a newparliament house (DU018-020435/RPS 1996)should be built. The foundation stone was laid in1729 and although work was not complete until1739, the first parliament was held in this buildingin 1731. The new parliament building (DU018-020435/RPS 1996) is shown on Rocque’s map(1756) and labelled as “Parliament House”. Thesite is shown extending from College Greennorthwards to Fleet Street, and from AngelseaStreet eastwards to Westmoreland Street.Subsequent to the Act of Union between Irelandand Great Britain in 1800, the parliament house(DU018-020435/RPS 1996) ceased to exist assuch. In 1802, the Bank of Ireland purchased theparliament buildings. Following an architecturalcompetition for the adaption of the buildings foruse in banking, redesign works started in 1804and in 1808 the bank opened for business (DeCourcy 1996, 21); the building (DU018-020435/RPS 1996) is still in use for this purpose today.(Data source: RMP; SMR Archives; Speed’s map(1610); De Gomme’s map (1673); De Courcy 1996,20–21; DCC, 2005).Note: Refer also to AH108 in the ArchitecturalHeritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).30CollegeGreenOS DN018315923/234128RMPDU018-020430–DU018-020435RPS 1996(DCC)Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge535

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgBridge SiteThis bridge is depicted on Clarke’s 2 nd edition map(2002a) at the present-day intersection of CollegeStreet and Westmoreland Street, immediately westof the Thomas Moore statue. It is shown as havingprovided access across the Stein River; a riverwhich now flows underground and enters the RiverLiffey at Burgh Quay from the south. The bridge isrepresented as having been orientated east–southeast/west–northwestand measuring approximately10m in length. There is no bridge shown at thislocation on Speed’s map (1610), or on De Gomme’smap (1673) by which date the Stein River appearsto have been culverted. There are no visible surfaceremains.A bridge over the Stein River is mentioned in adocument dating to 1192 and also referred to asbeing in need of repair in a document dating to1297 (Clarke 2002b, 27). Haliday (1881, 149–150)states that a grant was made available to the Priory(AC27) in 1298 to repair the “bridge of the Steyne”.It should be noted however, that there were twobridges crossing the Stein River, one located atSuffolk Street (AC23) and this one located at thejunction of College Green and Westmoreland Street(AC31). It is therefore unclear to which bridge theseearly dates are attributable to.A GPR survey carried out by RPA (2009c) identifieda subsurface anomaly at the intersection ofWestmoreland Street with College Green. Thisanomaly could indicate the presence of subsurfaceremains associated with this site.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Clarke2002a; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’s map(1673), RPA 2009c).31WestmorelandStreet/CollegeGreenOS DN018316007/234157RMPDU018-020385Very highGraveyardAdjacent to the TCD Chapel, is a small graveyardknown as “Challoner’s Corner”. This graveyardis depicted on historic OS maps and displays thesame morphology and boundaries as today. It istriangular in shape and measures approximately10m southeast/northwest, 3m east/west and10m north/south. Within the burial ground is oneburial tomb, three ground-level grave-slabs anda number of commemorative plaques on thedelineating walls of the adjacent chapel. Theearliest grave dates to c. 1710.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; 2 nd Edition25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology,2009).32TCDOS DN018316078/234127RMPDU018-020411Very high536Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgUlysses Plaque33College StreetOS DN018316001/234159RMPDU018-020385Refer to AC18 for contextual description. Thisplaque is set in the pavement adjacent to theThomas Moore statue. The inscription on thisplaque reads: “He crossed under Tommy Moore’sroguish finger. They did right to put him up over aurinal meeting of the waters”.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC18, AC21, AC42, AC44,AC52 and AC59.HighChapel SiteAccording to Archbishop Alen there was formerlya chapel of St. Clements’ situated in the vicinity ofthe Stein River between the River Liffey and theAugustinian Priory of All Hallows (AC27) (McNeill1950, 56). In one of the Deeds in the register ofAll Hallows it is described as lying “before theGate” of All Hallows (AC27) (Butler 1845, 28).Clarke (2002b, 20) also states that the chapelwas located at the east end of College Green,near the gate of All Hallows Priory c. 1192 (RedBook of Ormond, Sheehy and Reg. All Saints inClarke 2002b, 20) and that it was closed by c.1530 (Alen’s Reg. in Clarke 2002b, 20).The chapel is not shown on Speed’s map (1610).On Clarke’s 1 st edition map (1978, “G2”) thechapel is depicted as being located in the areaof present-day College Street, northwest ofthe present-day TCD Chapel. It is stated in theaccompanying text, however, that the preciselocation of the site is not known (Clarke 1978)and for this reason it has not been included onClarke’s 2 nd edition map (2002a). There are novisible surface remains.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; McNeill1950, 56; Butler 1845, 28; Clarke 1978, “G2”;Clarke 2002a; Clarke 2002b, 20; Speed’s map(1610).34College StreetOS DN018316059/234168RMPDU018-020995Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge537

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgEcclesiastical RemainsA tiled medieval pavement, part of which is nowin the NMI, was found during the building ofthe Provincial Bank (now the Westin Hotel), inCollege Street in 1862. The fact that these tileswere found in situ suggests that there was animportant medieval site on the spot.Test trenching carried out in 1997 at CollegeStreet, Westmoreland Street and Fleet Street (EISExcavation No. 27 included in Annex M, Book 5,of this EIS) did not reveal any evidence relatingto an ecclesiastical site. During monitoring of thesame site in 1999, no evidence of an ecclesiasticalsite was encountered either. However a smallquantity of medieval finds, mainly concentratedin the southern portion of the site, was retrieved(EIS Excavation No. 28 included in Annex M,Book 5, of this EIS). During 2000 testing was alsocarried out at this location, in the basement areaof No. 5 College Street; again the results from thisinvestigation did not reveal any evidence of anecclesiastical site (EIS Excavation No. 26 includedin Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Bennett1998, Ref. 1997:117; Bennett 2001, Ref. 1999:189;Bennett 2002, Ref. 2000:251).35CollegeStreet/Fleet Street/WestmorelandStreetOS DN018316049/234209RMPDU018-020487Very highStanding Stone SiteThis standing stone known as the Steine or “LongStone” was erected by the Vikings c. AD841 atthe mouth of the Stein River to mark their firstlandfall in the 9 th century and as a guide for sailors(Simms 2001, 21). In addition, it is postulated thatlight-vesseled ships were cabled to this monument(Curtis 1990, 102). The documented location of the“Long Stone” is an indicator of the original shoreline of the River Liffey. The stone was said to havebeen uninscribed and to have stood at a height ofapproximately 3.6–4.2m. The stone gave its nameto an area to the north and south of TownsendStreet, as well as to the tributary which came to beknown as the Stein River.There is no reference to the “Long Stone” beforethe Anglo-Norman period, although a Vikingdate is attributed to it from its Norse nameSteine (Haliday 1884, 151). Similar long stonesare recorded from the Isle of Man, Orkney andScandinavia. Haliday notes that such stones areoften associated with burials and suggests that the“Long Stone” may have served to mark the graveof Ivar, King of Dublin. Ivar died in AD872 andordered that his burial place be near the landingplace (Haliday 1884, 151).36CollegeStreet/D’OlierStreet/TownsendStreet/PearseStreetOS DN018316131/234223RMPDU018-020129Very high538Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLong stones are often associated with Vikingthingmotes, which themselves are also oftenassociated with a landing point. Other featuresthat are associated on the Isle of Man, theOrkneys and Scandinavia with landing areas andthingmotes are temples to the Norse Gods Thorand Frejya (Haliday 1884, 157). These commonlytake the form of a stone circle to Thor and a semicircle of stones for Frejya (Haliday 1884, 158).As is the case on Orkney, Isle of Man and inScandinavia, it is possible that these Pagan siteswere incorporated into a church foundation uponconversion (Haliday 1884, 175). In consequenceof this, it is possible that temples associated withThor and Frejya were present in association withthe “Long Stone” and “Thingmote” (AC24).By the medieval period the “Long Stone” may alsohave come to mark the limit of the jurisdiction ofthe City of Dublin (Haliday 1884, 180) and thereare records from the reign of Henry IV that animportant landing place associated with trade waslocated at “The Stayne and Dodyr” (Haliday 1884,149). There is also an intriguing possibility thatthe same landing place was an important placeof embarkation for Lepers making the pilgrimageto St. James Compostella (Haliday 1884, 148),with the street name “Lazy Hill” possibly taking itsname from the presence of an associated leperhospital (Lazar).In 1607 the stone was used by land surveyorsas a marking post (De Courcy 1996, 235–236).Although not represented on Speed’s map of thecity (1610), the stone is depicted on the DownSurvey map (c. 1654) and is shown as beinglocated within the shoreline. The monumentcontinued to be used as a land surveyor’s markuntil at least 1679, but had probably been pulleddown and perhaps removed before 1700, havingstood for 850 years.The stone is marked on both editions of Clarke’smap (1978; “O8” and 2002a; “K3”). The earliestknown date of reference to the stone is given asthe 9 th /10 th century (Clarke 2002a). There are novisible surface remains and a modern sculpture(AC37) currently marks the site of the originalstanding stone.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Simms2001, 21; Curtis 1990, 102; Haliday 1884,143–183; De Courcy 1996, 235–36; Speed’s map(1610); Down Survey map (c. 1654); Clarke 1978,“O8”; Clarke 2002a, ”K3”; Headland Archaeology,2009).36CollegeStreet/D’OlierStreet/TownsendStreet/PearseStreetOS DN018316131/234223RMPDU018-020129Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge539

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg37Hawkins/CollegeStreet/ D’OlierStreetOS DN018316117/234233-“Steyne” Sculpture – Marking the location ofthe original Viking SteineThis modern sculpture, named “Steyne”, marks thesite of the original Steine (AC36) that was erectedat this location by the Vikings c. 841. “Steyne”was sculpted by Clíodna Cussen and unveiled in1986 (Bennett 2005, 49). Two faces depicted onthe base of this monument commemorate Ivar, aViking who ruled Dublin in the 9 th century.(Data sources: Bennett 2005, 49; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).High38HawkinsStreetOS DN018316136/234267-Usher Statue at Screen CinemaThis bronze statue depicts a caricature male usherdressed in full uniform and holding a torch in hisright hand pointing towards the Screen Cinema.The title of the statute is “Mr. Screen”; it wassculpted by Vincent Brown and erected in 1988.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).HighArea of Archaeological PotentialThe line of present-day Hawkins Street maycorrespond with the location of a wall (laterknown as Hawkins Wall) marked by De Gomme(1673) which ran north from a lane named “LazyHill” (present-day College Street and TownsendStreet) to the new River Liffey wall. De Gommedepicts buildings where this wall meets Lazy Hill(i.e. potentially in the vicinity of where presentdayHawkins Street adjoins College Street), aswell as where the wall meets the River Liffey (i.e.potentially within the vicinity of where HawkinsStreet adjoins Burgh Quay). Consequently, itis possible that subsurface remains of thesestructures are present beneath the currentstreetscape.Changes to Hawkins Street appear to haveoccurred between the surveying of Rocque’s(1756) and Duncan’s (1821) maps also. WhenDuncan’s depiction of the present-day junction ofHawkins Street and D’Olier Street is comparedwith Rocque’s preceding depiction (1756) of thisarea, it can be seen that the buildings shown onRocque’s map along the west side of HawkinsStreet at this location had been demolished in theinterim period to accommodate construction ofD’Olier Street; this street is shown on Duncan’smap (1821). As a result, it is possible thatsubsurface evidence relating to the structuresshown by Rocque (1756) in the vicinity of theD’Olier Street/ Hawkins Street junction is presentbeneath the current streetscape.39HawkinsStreetOS DN018316132/234261-High540Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg39HawkinsStreetOS DN018316132/234261-Comparison of the 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map(1843) and the 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911)also shows that Hawkins Street was widened inthe interim period between these two maps. Thiswidening took in former building frontages on theeastern side of the street, including part of theTheatre Royal. As a result of the 19 th and 20 thcentury redevelopment of the street, it is possiblethat subsurface remains associated with theaffected structures may be present beneath theeast side of present-day Hawkins Street.(Data sources: De Gomme’s map (1673);Rocque’s map (1756), Duncan’s map (1821); 1 stEdition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2 nd Edition 25 inchOS map (1911)).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS forfurther information regarding this street.HighChapel SiteA Roman Catholic Church is shown north of“Lazer’s Hill” (now Townsend Street) and east of“George’s Street” (now Tara Street) on Rocque’smap (1756). The chapel is shown as comprisinga T-shaped structure, with the elongated portionorientated north/south measuring approximately60×16m. The church is not represented on the 1 stEdition 6 inch OS map (1843). No above-groundremains of the church are known and the currentlayout of the buildings on the site does not reflectany similarities to the layout pattern of the church.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’smap (1756); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843)).40TownsendStreet/TaraStreetOS DN018316208/234297RMPDU018-020161Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge541

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgPrinting worksNo information regarding this site, aside fromlocationary evidence, was available from the DCIHRat the time of writing. However, it would appear thatthis site represents the former Irish Times office,which was located here from 1895, subsequent to thepaper’s establishment in 1859.Analysis of Brooking’s map (1728), Rocque’s map(1756) as well as the 1 st Edition 6 inch OS (1843)maps show that the area in which this site is locatedhas been developed since at the least the early18 th century. Each of these maps shows a block ofstructures at this location; no individual structures canbe identified nor are any of the buildings annotated.Consequently, it is not possible to determine if thisparticular building is represented on any of thesemaps. The printing works building can be identifiedon the 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS (1911), although it is notannotated. This building is still extant.(Data source: DCIHR 18/11/224 (merit rating:unknown); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map(1756); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2 nd Edition25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology,,2009).41Fleet StreetOS DN018NGR 316044/234259-HighUlysses PlaqueRefer to AC18 for contextual description. Thisplaque is set in the pavement outside No. 29Westmoreland Street. The inscription on the plaquereads as follows: “Hot mockturtle vapour and steamof newbaked jampuffs rolypoly poured out fromHarrison’s”.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC18, AC21, AC33, AC44, AC52and AC59.42OutsideNo. 29WestmorelandStreetOS DN018316001/234276-HighSite of MarketBuildings are first shown at this location onBrooking’s map (1728), however their function as amarket is not labelled. This building is first annotatedon Rocque’s map (1756) and labelled as “market”.It is shown as fronting onto Poolbeg Street to thenorth and dwellings are represented to its east andwest. The building is shown on Rocque’s map ashaving measured approximately 11m north/southand 5m east/west. The original building has sincebeen demolished; the site of the market, as well asthe site of the houses originally adjacent to it, is nowoccupied by the Department of Health and Children.(Data source: DCIHR 18/11/206 (merit rating: notprovided); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map(1756); Headland Archaeology, 2009).43PoolbegStreet/HawkinsStreetOS DN018316136/234335RMPDU018-020161Medium542Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgUlysses Plaque44Aston Quay/WestmorelandStreetOS DN018315977/234338-Refer to AC18 for contextual description. Thisplaque is set in the pavement outside theBallast office. The inscription on this plaquereads: “Mr. Bloom smiled O rocks at twowindows of the ballast office”.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC18, AC21, AC33, AC42,AC52, and AC59.HighPeople’s Island45Traffic islandsouth ofO’ConnellBridgeOS DN018315997/234349-This site comprises a series of brass, bronzeand concrete footprints and bird tracks,designed by Rachel Joynt in 1988, which areset into the pavement of a traffic island justsouth of O’Connell Bridge (Hill 1998, 234). Thesignificance of the footprints and bird tracks liein their ability to represent the passage of timein a modern streetscape.(Data sources: Hill 1998, 234; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).HighCorn Exchange46No. 12 BurghStreetOS DN018316163/234378RPS 1024 (DCC)The present building comprises a five-bay twostoreybuilding with a basement and was builtbetween 1816 and 1818 by George Halpin ingranite ashlar with a rusticated ground floor andsmooth faced first floor in the Italiante palazzotradition. There are granite steps and cast-ironrailings fronting on the street. The rear of the sitehas been replaced with a modern office building.Very high(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/160 (merit rating:regional); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology,2009).Irish Press Building (Tivoli Theatre)47No. 13 BurghStreet/CornExchangePlaceOS DN018316188/234386RPS 1025 (DCC)The area in which this building is located isshown on Brooking’s map (1728) as havingbeen reclaimed by this date and buildings areshown; their function as a press building is notlabelled.This building is first annotated on the 1 st Edition25 inch OS map (1864) as “Printing Works”, onthe 2 nd Edition OS 25 inch (1911) as “Theatre”,and on the 3 rd Edition OS 25 inch (1939–1940)as “Printing Works”. It currently functions as the“Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service”.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/161 (merit rating:not provided); Brooking’s map (1728); 1 st Edition25 inch OS map (1864); 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd(1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; DCC,2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge543

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgPatrick Sheahan MonumentThis monument, designed by W.P. O’Neilland sculpted by W.P. Harrison and Sons, wasunveiled in 1906 to commemorate PatrickSheahan, a member of the metropolitan policeforce, who died in 1905 whilst trying to savehis colleague and a workman who had beenovercome by fumes in the main sewer close tothe site of the monument (DCC 2006, 28).(Data sources: DCC 2006, 25; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH159 in the MaterialAssets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapterof this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).48HawkinsStreetOS DN018316114/234388RPS 1015 (DCC)Very highQuayThis site extends from and includes presentdayAston Quay, Crampton Quay andWellington Quay and includes upstanding aswell as potential subsurface remains.Although Aston Quay takes its name fromHenry Aston, who held the lease for a sectionof land there, it is also referred to in earlysources as Hawkin’s Quay. It appears thatin 1662–1663 William Hawkins built the firstpermanent quay wall on or near the present daywall. This wall extended from Hawkins Street towhat is now Temple Lane (De Courcy 1996, 12–13) and is illustrated on plans of Dublin by DeGomme (1673) and Phillips (1685). A referenceto a dispute between Mynard Christian andWilliam Hawkins in 1669 (Gilbert 1894, 475),regarding the intrusion of Hawkin’s buildingprogramme onto Christian’s land at Lazy Hill,could indicate that the wall was substantiallycomplete by that date. Certainly the wall wascompleted by 1683 (Gilbert 1895, 279) and itsposition appears to tie in directly to the positionof the later quay wall shown on 18 th centurymaps (e.g. Brooking and Rocque), suggestingthat the quays were developed along thisline. There appears to be very little differencebetween the position of the modern quay, theposition of the 18 th century quay and the sectionof Hawkin’s wall, which corresponds to AstonQuay (Bolger, 2004).There are references to Aston’s Quay (by thatname) from 1708 (De Courcy 1996, 12–13) andit is illustrated and annotated on Brooking’smap (1728).49Aston QuayOS DN018315948/234339RMPDU018-020427Very high544Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg49Aston QuayOS DN018315948/234339RMPDU018-020427On the latter map, as well as on Rocque’smap (1756), the quay is shown extending fromHawkins Street to Angelsea Street; thus itincluded a portion of present-day Burgh Quayat this time. Both Brooking (1728) and Rocque(1756) name it as Aston’s Quay, however,as late as 1800 a survey map from the WideStreets Commission (WSC/Maps/174) notes“Hawkins commonly called Aston’s Quay”.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DCCArchives; Casey 2005, 438; Bennett 2005,204; Gilbert 1894; Gilbert 1895; Bolger 2004;De Gomme’s map (1673); Phillip’s map (1685);Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756);Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS forfurther information regarding this site.Note: Refer also to AH161 in the MaterialAssets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapterof this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).Very highArea of Archaeological PotentialOn Rocque’s map (1756) a building frontingonto the River Liffey is shown between AstonQuay and George’s Quay, i.e. within HawkinsStreet and White’s Lane. Brooking (1728) showsa building in this location also. In addition,Brooking depicts a building at the eastern endof Aston Quay (now part of Burgh Quay), tothe immediate west of Hawkins Street, whichextended further onto the quayside than therest of the frontage.As the demolition of these buildings wasrequired to accommodate the construction ofBurgh Quay in the early 19 th century (Duncan’smap (1821)), it is possible that subsurfaceremains of these buildings are present beneaththe current quayside.(Data sources: Rocque’s map (1756); Brooking(1728); Duncan’s map (1821)).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS forfurther information regarding Burgh Quay.50Burgh QuayOS DN018316032/234373-HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge545

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgO’Connell BridgeThe current O’Connell bridge was constructedin 1876–1880 by Bindon Blood Stoney as anextension to Gandon’s 1795 bridge on thesite which was found to be too narrow andtoo steeply pitched to cope with increasedvolumes in the 19 th century. A handsomeand impressive structure not least for itsconsiderable width, O’Connell Bridge forms acentral part of one of the city’s most importantvistas, sweeping around from the Bank ofIreland at College Green right down to ParnellSquare at the north. Fine cast-iron and stonedetailing contribute to its architectural andartistic significance. O’Connell Bridge hasthe distinction of being as wide as it is longand carries eight lanes of traffic with a centralpedestrian island having cast-iron lampsstandards similar in design to those whichcrown the parapets. Two plaques, entitled“Carlisle Bridge Plaque” are present on the eastand west parapets of the bridge. These read:“Built in 1794. Rebuilt by the Dublin Port andDocks Board 1880 renamed by the MunicipalCouncil 1880 …”(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/143 (merit rating:regional); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology,2009).Note: Refer also to AH162 in the MaterialAssets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapterof this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).51O’ConnellBridgeOS DN018315989/234391RPS 895 (DCC)Very highUlysses PlaqueRefer to AC18 for contextual description.This plaque is set in the pavement at thenorthwestern corner of O’Connell Bridge. Theinscription on the plaque reads as follows: “Ashe set foot on O’Connell Bridge a puffball ofsmoke plumed up from the parapet”.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC18, AC21, AC33, AC42,AC44 and AC59.52O’ConnellBridgeOS DN018315964/234405-High546Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgFerry SiteThis site is annotated on Rocque’s map (1756)as “Old Ferry” site and is shown extendingfrom Hawkins Wall to Ferryboat Lane (BurghQuay to Eden Quay). Following a grant in 1652,Nathaniel Folkes, a member of the guild of tailorsand captain of the city militia, had achieved amonopoly on all the city’s ferry services, thus theferry site would have been under his influence atthis time. In the year of 1675, a ferry is recordedat this location in the Amory lease; it is possiblethat the “Old Ferry” was the only operational ferryin the city at this time (De Courcy 1996, 152–155).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’smap (1756); De Courcy 1996, 152–155).53River Liffey/Eden Quay/Burgh QuayOS DN018316060/234420RMPDU018-020155Very highQuayThis site comprises the stretch of quay on thewest and east side of O’Connell Bridge northof the River Liffey. A lease granted to JonathanAmory in 1675 entitled him to reclaim the strandon the north bank of the River Liffey east ofthe Pill and it was between this year and 1685that the quay was built (De Courcy 1996, 15).Originally Bachelors Walk included present-dayEden Quay (Casey 2005, 104) and is annotatedas such on Brookings (1728) map. It was alreadya busy commercial site at this time (De Courcy1996, 15). A number of houses dating to the early19 th century remain along Bachelors Walk today(Casey 2005, 104). Rocque’s map (1756) showsthe quay extending from “Lower Liffey Street” to“Union or Ferry Boat Lane” just north of presentdayMarlborough Street and again the entirequay is labelled as “Bachelor’s Walk”. “Iron Key”(AC55) is shown to the east of the terminal pointof the quay.The section of quay to the east of O’ConnellStreet was developed into “Eden Quay” inthe early 19 th century (Casey 2005, 191) andincorporated the former site of the “Iron Key”(AC55). A handful of 19 th century structuressurvive along the quay, however, it is primarilycharacterised by a mix of post 1916 rebuilding(Casey 2005, 191). The quay walls alongBachelors Walk and Eden Quay consist ofbattered ashlar limestone and ashlar graniteparapet walls with dressed stone coping.They are abutted by recent pavement to thenorth elevation of the parapet wall and to thesouth elevation by a modern steel and timberboardwalk.54BachelorsWalk/EdenQuayOS DN018315923/234392RMPDU018-020428Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge547

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg54BachelorsWalk/EdenQuayOS DN018315923/234392RMPDU018-020428(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/001 (merit rating: notprovided); SMR Archives; De Courcy 1996, 15;Casey 2005, 104 and 191; Headland Archaeology,2009).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for furtherdetail regarding Bachelors Walk and Eden Quay.Note: Refer also to AH165 and AH166 in theMaterial Assets: Architectural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).Very highQuay55Eden QuayOS DN018316105/234473RMPDU018-020461In 1733 the city ordered that a quay be built onits own land at what was then the east end ofBachelors Walk. Named as “Iron Key” on Rocque’smap (1756), this quay had a river frontage ofabout 30m. A document of 1781 refers to it as the“Iron Yard”. The quay was approached from “ShipBuildings” and “Union or Ferry Boat Lane” at theend of Bachelors Walk (Rocque’s map (1756); DeCourcy 1996, 202).When Marlborough Street was extendedsouthwards in the early 19 th century, and thesection of quay to the east of O’Connell Street wasdeveloped into “Eden Quay” (AC54), the “Iron Key”was replaced. The site of this quay now lies largelyunder the junction of Eden Quay and MarlboroughStreet.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map(1756); De Courcy 1996, 202).Very highDaniel O’Connell Monument56O’ConnellStreet LowerOS DN018315965/234447NationalMonumentRPS 6103(DCC)This statue, sculpted by John Henry Foley andhis assistant Thomas Brock, is designated as aNational Monument and commemorates DanielO’Connell, the Irish “Liberator”. The statue wasunveiled in 1882. Bullet holes resulting from the1916 Easter Rising can be seen in the base of themonument (Bennett 2005, 255; DCC 2003, 5).(Data sources: RMP; DCC, 2005; Bennett 2005,255; DCC 2003, 5; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH236 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).Very high57O’ConnellStreet Lower/Eden QuayOS DN018316031/234469RMPDU018-12917 th Century BurialArchaeological testing revealed a human skull inassociation with 13 th –18 th century finds. The skullhas been dated to the late 17 th –18 th century onthe basis of the associated riverine depositionalsequence and the dates of the quaysidedevelopments (SMR Archives).(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives).Very high548Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgGlasshouse Site58O’ConnellStreet Lower/Harbour CourtOS DN018315997/234483RMPDU018-020154Buildings are first shown on this site onBrooking’s map (1728), however their functionis not labelled. This structure is first annotatedon Rocque’s map (1756) as “Glass House” andits site is depicted as having been rectangularand fronting onto Bachelors Walk to the south;it was delineated by Great Abbey Street to thenorth. According to Rocque’s map, the sitemeasured approximately 16m east–southeast/west–northwest and 57m north–northwest/south–southeast. The glass house buildingmeasured approximately 23m north/south and16m east/west and is depicted on Rocque’smap at the north of the site fronting onto GreatAbbey Street. The buildings currently on thesite (modern offices) do not display any similarlayout patterns to the glasshouse building orsite; no known remains survive.Very high(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/201 (merit rating:not provided); RMP; SMR Archives; Brooking’smap (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); HeadlandArchaeology, 2009)Ulysses Plaque59O’ConnellStreet LowerOS DN018315941/234474-Refer to AC18 for contextual description. Thisplaque is set in the pavement outside No. 49O’Connell Street. The inscription on this plaquereads: “Pineapple rock, lemon platt, butterscotch … among the warm sweet fumes ofGraham Lemons”.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC18, AC21, AC33, AC42,AC44 and AC52.HighPrinting Works60Nos. 87–90Middle AbbeyStreetOS DN018315829/234536RPS 18 (DCC)This structure, known as “Independent House”was designed by Robert Donnelly and built in1924. It is part of a long tradition of newspaperpublishing on Middle Abbey Street with theformer offices of “The Nation” newspaperhaving previously occupied part of the site.This building, from which three of Ireland’smajor newspapers were printed and distributed,is an important component of the country’spublishing heritage and is of significance withinDublin’s industrial heritage. The building is stillextant.Very high(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/162 (merit rating:regional); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology,2009).Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge549

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgWilliam Smith O’Brien MonumentThis statue is by Thomas Farrell and was paidfor by public subscription. It was commissionedby a committee led by the 19 th century radicalsJohn Martin and John Blake Dillon and unveiled in1870 in memory of William Smith O’Brien, an Irishrevolutionary. The inscription on the monument reads“Born 17 th Oct. 1803. Sentenced to death for hightreason on the 9 th Oct. 1848. Died 16 th June 1854”.The statue originally stood at the southern end ofCarlisle Bridge before being moved to its presentposition in 1929 (Bennett 2005, 254; DCC 2003, 9).(Data sources: RMP; DCC, 2005; Bennett 2005,254; DCC, 2003, 9; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH238 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).61O’ConnellStreet LowerOS DN018315954/234497NationalMonumentRPS 6105(DCC)Very highDwellings SiteDe Gomme’s map of 1673 shows a group of fourhouses near the north shore of the River Liffeydirectly opposite the east end of Hawkins wall onthe south bank (De Courcy 1996, 189). The areahad become fully reclaimed and built upon by thetime of its depiction on Brooking’s map (1728).It is not possible to determine if the structuresrepresented on De Gomme’s map (1673) arepresent on Brooking’s map (1728) which depictsblocks of buildings rather than individual structures.No visible trace of any of these structures remains.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; De Gomme’smap (1673); Brooking’s map (1728); De Courcy1996, 189).62Abbey StreetLowerOS DN018316172/234602RMPDU018-020500Very highGlasshouses SiteThis site is shown on Rocque’s map (1756) to thenorth of a line of dwellings that front onto “ShipBuildings” (now Abbey Street Lower); access tothe site appears to have been from this street.As depicted on this map, the maximum lengthof the site extends for approximately 70m north/south; the maximum width of the site extendsfor approximately 35m east/west. Excluding theentranceway from “Ship Buildings”, the site displaysa rectangular morphology. Two circular glasshousefactories, each with diameters of approximately16m, are depicted at the north of the site. Thebuildings currently on the site do not displayany similar layout patterns to the original site orglasshouses factories; no known remains survive.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map(1756)).63Abbey StreetLowerOS DN018316175/234632RMPDU018-020499Very high550Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgSite of Dublin Glass Works64Potter’s AlleyOS DN018316135/234644-Buildings are first depicted on this site on Rocque’s map(1756). These buildings are noted as “Dublin Glass Works”on historic OS maps dating to 1843 and 1871–1875. Althoughthey are depicted on the later OS map (1911 and 1939–1940)they are not labelled. No known remains of the originalbuildings survive. Offices are now present on the site.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/071 (merit rating: not provided);Rocque’s map (1756); 1 st (1843) and 2 nd (1871–1875) Edition6 inch OS maps; 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition 25inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).MediumArea of Archaeological PotentialO’Connell Street is first illustrated on Brooking’s map(1728) as a narrow well developed street called DroghedaStreet connecting Abbey Street to present-day ParnellStreet. The first major development to O’Connell Streettook place in 1749 when Luke Gardiner laid out Gardiner’sMall and Sackville Street (O’Connell Street Upper). Thiswas achieved through the demolition of the buildingson the street’s western side between Parnell Street andHenry Street. This redevelopment is clearly illustrated onRocque’s map (1756). On this map O’Connell Street Lower(labelled as Drogheda Street) terminates at the intersectionwith Abbey Street. The section of O’Connell Street Lowerbetween Abbey Street and the River Liffey is occupied byapproximately 17 property plots and associated side streets(The Lotts, Bachelors Lane).O’Connell Street Lower (Henry Street to the Abbey Street)continued to be named Drogheda Street until 1785 when itwas extended to the River Liffey and remodelled so as tobe incorporated by Sackville Street. This development workwas undertaken by Luke Gardiner’s grandson in conjunctionwith the WSC, who widened and extended the thoroughfareto the River Liffey during the 1780–1790s. This necessitatedthe demolition of approximately 30 property plots/buildingsas depicted on Rocque’s map (1756) on the west side ofDrogheda Street, The Lotts and Bachelors Walk.In addition to cartographic and historic evidence, theanalysis of previous excavations (EIS Excavation Nos. 44and 49–52 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) hasrevealed that 17 th and 18 th century structural remains havebeen identified in O’Connell Street. Therefore, it is possiblethat subsurface remains of 17 th and 18 th century structuresmay be present beneath the current central and westernstreetscape of O’Connell Street Lower and O’Connell StreetUpper.(Data sources: Clarke 1977, 55; Rocque’s map (1756); Doyle2009c; Doyle 2009d; Bennett 2003, Ref. 2001:397; Bennett2004, Ref. 2002:569; Bennett 2007a, Ref. 2003:561).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for furtherinformation regarding O’Connell Street.65O’ConnellStreetLower andO’ConnellStreet UpperOS DN018315889/234639-HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge551

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgSite of Tramway: Nelson’s Pillar to PhoenixParkThis tramline ran along the following streetsfalling within the study area: Upper O’ConnellStreet and Parnell Street.66UpperO’ConnellStreet toParnell StreetOS DN018Various-The Dublin tramway system was in its day seenas the most efficient of its type in Europe and hadthe seventh largest electric tramway network inthe world. This tramline, which ran from Nelson’sPillar to the Phoenix Park, was opened in 1876as an extension of the line from Donnybrookand closed in 1940. The line was electrifiedin 1898–1899 becoming the first cross-cityelectric service. No evidence of the tramline, orany associated street furniture, was identifiedduring the field survey. There is a low potentialfor subsurface remains of this site to be presentbeneath the current streetscape.Medium(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/027 (merit rating:record only); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911);Headland Archaeology, 2009).Taxi Drivers’ Shrine67O’ConnellStreet UpperOS DN018315840/234898-This site comprises a small red shrine housing astatue of the Sacred Heart, generally known asthe “Taxi Drivers’ Shrine” and commemoratesthe taxi drivers of Dublin. It was erected by thetaxi drivers around the time of the EucharisticCongress in 1932 and restored in 2001.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).High552Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgChurch Possible and Graveyard SiteThe graveyard was in use from c. 1700–1882 (DublinPublic Libraries 1990, 77). It is not depicted onRocque’s map (1756), although Rocque does showan area of open ground beside Marlborough Streetat this location. The graveyard is depicted on the1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) and is labelled as“disused” on the 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911).The church was built between 1758 and 1762 byJohn Smyth. Its façade was modelled on Palladio’sRedentore in Venice and it comprised flankingscreen walls which stretched to 182 feet (55.5m). Itclosed a vista of half a mile along Gloucester Street(Casey 2005, 125). The church is depicted on the1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843), named as St.Thomas’s Church on the 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map(1911) and is shown to the north of the graveyard. Aparish hall is also depicted to the immediate north ofthe church. There are no visible surface remains ofthe church, graveyard or parish hall.The site of the parish hall is now largely occupiedby a freestanding gable-fronted red brick church(refer to AH244 in the Material Assets: ArchitecturalHeritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 24)) that was built in 1931 (Casey 2005,125). The associated graveyard was cleared andis now traversed by Cathal Brugha Street, as is themajority of the original church site. The remains werere-interred in Mount Jerome during the mid 1920s(SMR Archive).(Data Sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Dublin PublicLibraries 1990, 77; Casey 2005, 125; Rocque’s map(1756); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2 nd Edition25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology,2009).68Cathal BrughaStreet/FindlaterPlace/MarlboroughStreetOS DN018315947/234969RMPDU018-020504Very highSite of Printing WorksBuildings are shown in this location on Brooking’smap (1728), although Rocque’s map (1756) showsthis area to be an open plot at the corner betweenSummer Hill (now Parnell Street) and MarlboroughStreet. The area appears to have been built uponby the time of its depiction on Duncan’s map(1821). This site is noted on the 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd(1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps as “PrintingWorks”. There are no known remains of the originalstructure. A hotel, the Academy Plaza, has sincebeen built on the site.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/079 (merit rating: notprovided); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map(1756); Duncan’s map (1821); 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd(1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).69Nos. 10–14FindlaterPlaceOS DN018315912/234988-MediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge553

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgFodhla Printing WorksFormer printing works, built c. 1920, now inuse as a car park. Surviving remains comprisesections of random-rubble walls with concreterender to external face and new sections addedto increase height of walls. Roof removed andreplaced with flat concrete roof c. 2000. Thoughlittle now survives of this former printing works,it was one of a number of printing presses foundin Dublin city centre and as such it is of industrialheritage significance within the city and inparticular within its immediate locality.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/090 (merit rating:record Only); Headland Archaeology, 2009).70Rutland PlaceOS DN018315862/235088-HighCemetery PossibleIt is possible that a Norse cemetery is locatedwithin this area. An article by Patrick Traynorpoints to remains encountered around NorthGreat Georges Street, Summerhill, Gardiner’sRow, Mountjoy Square and the surrounding area,which consisted of human remains, spears andswords and may have been associated with theBattle of Clontarf (Traynor 1897, 106). In addition,an essay published in Dublin Magazine in 1763(SMR Archive) refers to human remains, spears,rivets and swords discovered during constructionassociated with the Rotunda Gardens, CavendishRow and Granby Row. The latter article states“when the New-Gardens [Rotunda gardens] wereforming, vast quantities of human bones werediscovered; in some places three, in others twofeet beneath the surface of the earth. The sameappearance was found upon laying open theground in Cavendish Row and the same is nowto be seen in Granby Row … [It is possible that]… this was the ground whereon the last greatbattle was fought between Bryan Boiromhe andthe Danes, AD1014” (Dublin Magazine June1763 – SMR Archive). The portion of this sitethat falls within the study area may be roughlydescribed as being delineated by Parnell Streetto the southeast, Mountjoy Square East to thenortheast, Parnell Square West to the southwestand Dorset Street to the northwest.(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Traynor1897, 106).71Areadelineatedby ParnellSquareWest to thesouthwest,MountjoySquareEast to thenortheast,ParnellStreet to thesoutheastand DorsetStreet to thenorthwestOS DN018315821/235109RMPDU018-020495Very high554Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgCharles Stewart Parnell Monument, Four CastIron Bollards and PlaqueThis monument, commissioned by the ParnellCommittee, was unveiled in 1911 in memory ofCharles Stewart Parnell, an Irish Protestant andleading nationalist politician who was founderand leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Themonument was designed by Augustus Saint-Gaudensand was paid for by public subscription (DCC 2003,17). The monument is currently in the care of DCC.To the immediate south of this monument are fourmid-Victorian cast-iron bollards with foliate ornament(Casey 2005, 220). These bollards surround a plaqueset into the pavement which is entitled the “ParnellMonument” and is a centenary bronze plaque to thesculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens. It was designed byLawrence J. Nowlan. The unveiling of this plaque wasattended by over a hundred people on 25 th October2007 (National Park Service (NPS) 2009 (electronicsource)).(Data sources: DCC, 2005; DCC 2003, 17 and 20;Casey 2005, 220; NPS 2009 (Electronic source));Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH233 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).72O’ConnellStreet UpperOS DN018315815/234976NationalMonumentRPS 6127(DCC)Very highArea of Archaeological PotentialAnalysis of historic OS maps dating to 1843 and1911 show that Parnell Street has been redeveloped,primarily from Moore Street to Gardiner Street sinceits original layout in the first half of the 18 th centurywhich is identifiable on Rocque’s map (1756).Recent archaeological investigations within thearea have identified evidence of post-medievalurban settlement (EIS Excavation Nos. 55, 58 and59 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). It istherefore possible that subsurface remains of former18 th century structures may be present beneath thecurrent streetscape within the study area from MooreStreet to Gardiner Street.(Data sources: 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2 ndEdition 25 inch OS map (1911); Rocque’s map (1756);Bennett 2008, Ref. 2005:461; Bennett 2007a, Ref.2003:557; Bennett 2001, Ref. 1999:224).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS foradditional information on this site.73Parnell StreetOS DN018315761/234939-HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge555

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgBrick Field74Moore Street/Parnell Street/Moore LaneOS DN018315747/234821-On Brooking’s map (1728), a range of buildings areshown at this location; however, it is not possible todetermine their nature. Rocque (1756) depicts thelocation of this site as being open and undeveloped,devoid of any structures. A range of buildings aresubsequently shown here on Duncan’s map (1821),the 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) and the 2 ndEdition 25 inch OS map (1911). The site is notannotated on any of these maps thus it is difficultto determine which, if any, of these maps the siteis represented on. No extant remains of this sitesurvive; however, it is possible that subsurfaceremains associated with this site are present.High(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/110 (merit rating: notprovided); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map(1756); Duncan’s map (1821); 1 st Edition 6 inch OSmap (1843); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911);Headland Archaeology, 2009).Nos. 14–17 Moore Street National MonumentConstraint Area75Nos. 14–17Moore StreetOS DN018315720/234771NationalMonumentPO 1/2007Nos. 14–17 Moore Street is the location where theIrish rebel leaders decided to surrender to Britishcrown forces after the 1916 Easter Rising. Althoughthese buildings do not fall within the study area, aportion of the National Monument constraint areaassociated with these structures does fall within it.(Data sources: DoEHLG, 2007; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).Very high556Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgArea of Archaeological PotentialDominick Street (Lower and Upper) is not depictedon Brooking’s map (1728). Brooking instead shows anuninterrupted street frontage on the north side of GreatBritain Street (now Parnell Street). This suggests thatbuildings formerly fronting present-day Parnell Streetwere demolished to make way for Dominick StreetLower which was constructed in the 1750s (Rocque’smap (1756)). Subsurface remains associated with thebuildings depicted by Brooking could, therefore, survivebeneath the southern end of Dominick Street Lower at itsjunction with Parnell Street.Dominick Street Upper was not laid out until after 1810(Bennett 2005, 66). Prior to this a number of buildingsare shown on Rocque’s map (1756) in the vicinity ofthe present-day Dorset Street/Dominick Street Upperjunction and approximately mid-way on DominickStreet Upper. Demolition of these buildings would havebeen necessary in order to facilitate the constructionof Dominick Street Lower. Consequently, it is possiblethat subsurface remains of these structures, includingbasements, are present beneath the current streetscapeat the eastern end of Dominick Street Lower in the vicinityof its junction with Dorset Street, and also beneath themid section of Dominick Street Lower.On the 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) the entire lengthof Dominick Street Lower and the eastern portion ofDominick Street Upper, from its junction with DorsetStreet to approximately halfway up the street, is shownas having structures on either side. During the 1960smany of the Georgian buildings present on DominickStreet Lower and Upper were demolished by DublinCorporation. As a result, it is therefore possible thatbasements associated with these dwellings survivebeneath the current streetscape.(Data sources: Bennett 2005, 66; Brooking’s map (1728),Rocque’s map (1756); 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843).Note: refer to Annex M, Section 1.1, Book 5 of this EIS forfurther information regarding this site.76DominickStreetOS DN018315592/234803-HighSite of Saw Mills (soap works)The area is shown as open ground on Rocque’s map(1756) and buildings are first shown on this site onDuncan’s map (1821). The site is first noted and annotatedon the 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) as “Soap works”and on the 3 rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940) as“Saw mills”. No above-ground remains survive. The site iscurrently in use by FÁS Employment Services.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/058 (merit rating: notprovided); Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map (1821);2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps;Headland Archaeology, 2009).77King’s InnsStreet/DominickStreetOS DN018315481/234808-MediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge557

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgDwelling78No. 3HenriettaStreetOS DN018315265/234966RMPDU018-020534RPS 3722(DCC)This building comprises a terraced four-bay fourstoreyover basement double-pile house, with alime rendered rubble stone basement area at thefront (to the northeast). The house has a pitcheddouble-pile roof with red brick chimneystacks anda running bond red brick parapet wall with dressedlimestone coping stones. The walls are of Flemishbond red brick with the exception of the basementwhich has lime rendered rubble stone walls withchamfered limestone capping. The externalfeatures of the house, described here, indicate thatit was built after 1755 (Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 15).Buildings are shown in this location on Rocque’smap (1756); however it is not possible to determineif this particular structure represents one of thoseshown.Very high(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Dublin CivicTrust 2003, 15; DCC, 2005; Rocque’s map (1756);Headland Archaeology, 2009).Dwelling79No. 4HenriettaStreetOS DN018315250/234973RMPDU018-020515RPS 3723(DCC)The present building is a terraced four-bay fourstoreyover basement house, built in 1744 (DublinCivic Trust 2003, 15), with a basement area at thefront (to the southwest). The roof has red brickchimneystacks concealed behind a running bondred brick parapet wall with dressed limestonecoping stones. The walls are of Flemish bondred brick, with lined-and-ruled rendered walls atbasement level surmounted by tooled limestonecoping/plinth.Very high(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DublinCivic Trust 2003, 15; DCC, 2005; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).Dwelling80No. 7HenriettaStreetOS DN018315225/234984RMPDU018-020516RPS 3726(DCC)Construction of this house began in 1739; itwas completed by 1743 (Casey 2005, 195). Thepresent building is a terraced four-bay four-storeyover basement house with a basement area at thefront (to the southwest) and a piano-nobile at firstfloor level. The roof has a red brick chimneystackconcealed behind an English bond red brickparapet wall with dressed limestone copingstones. The walls are of Flemish bond red brick,but rendered at basement level, where the wall issurmounted by tooled limestone coping/plinth.Very high(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Casey 2005,195; DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).558Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgDwelling81No. 9HenriettaStreetOS DN018315206/234997RMPDU018-020517RPS 3728(DCC)The present building is a terraced five-bay threestoreyover basement house with a dormer atticbuilt in 1731 (Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 13). It hasa basement area at the front (to the southwest)and a piano-nobile at first floor level. The roof ispitched and has a red brick chimneystack and adentilated rendered eaves course. The walls areof Flemish bond red brick and have a render sillcourse at first floor level. The walls are renderedand channelled lined-and-ruled at ground floorlevel and surmounted by a render string course.The wall is simply rendered at basement level andsurmounted by tooled limestone coping/plinth.Very high(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DublinCivic Trust 2003, 13; DCC, 2005; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).Dwelling82No. 10HenriettaStreetOS DN018315192/235002RMPDU018-020518RPS 3729(DCC)The present building is a terraced eight-baythree-storey over basement house, built c. 1731(Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 12). It has a renderedbasement area and former integral carriage archat the front (to the southwest). The roof is pitchedand has a red brick chimneystack, concealedbehind a rendered parapet wall. The walls arerendered walls and have a moulded render stringcourse at eaves level and a channelled renderedwall at ground floor level surmounted by a renderstring course. There are rendered walls atbasement level.Very high(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DublinCivic Trust 2003, 12; DCC, 2005; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).Laundry83HenriettaStreetOS DN018315192/235040-The present building comprises an attachedmultiple-bay single-storey laundry, built c. 1890by the Daughters of Charity. There is a pitchedartificial slate roof with skylights, brown brickchimney stack and brick eaves course. The wallsare pebble-dashed. It is located to the rear of theDaughters of Charity Religious Order.High(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/041 (merit rating:regional); Headland Archaeology, 2009).Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge559

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgArea of Archaeological Potential84ConstitutionHill/WesternWayOS DN018315043/235167-A number of dwellings are depicted on Rocque’s map(1756) and Duncan’s map (1821) in the area currentlycomprising the Constitution Hill/Western Way junction.These buildings are no longer extant; however, it ispossible that subsurface remains survive beneath thecurrent streetscape.(Data sources: Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map(1821); Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for furtherdetail regarding Constitution Hill and Western Way.HighRoyal Canal Bank Railings, Entrance Gates andPerimeter Stone Walls including Stone Wall andembankment of Royal Canal Bank85Royal CanalBankOS DN018315031/235166RPS 7575(DCC)A park/children’s playground was built in c. 1956 on thesite of a section of the former Broadstone Branch ofthe Royal Canal, construction of which began c. 1796.This canal section was located east of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road and ran in a northerly directiontowards the main canal (Royal Canal). The parkincorporates part of the canal embankment and wall.The wall is of snecked ashlar limestone with a rolledstring course to its western face and it is topped byconvex capping and recent railings. The southernend of the wall has a rounded termination while to thenorth there is a pair of square-profile ashlar limestoneterminal piers.Very high(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/039 (merit rating: local);DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer to site AC88 for section of this canal spurand harbour west of Constitution Hill/PhibsboroughRoad and Foster Aqueduct (AC86).560Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgFoster AqueductThis structure was erected by the Royal Canal Company,and designed by Millar and Ruddery, at the beginning ofthe 19 th century. It carried the Broadstone Branch of theRoyal Canal (AC85 and AC88) across the PhibsboroughRoad/Constitution Hill junction (Bennett 2005, 102).The bridge stood at a height of 15 feet, spanned 30feet in width and had two arched passages on eitherside for foot passengers (Bennett 2005, 102). Followingthe infilling, in c. 1877, of Broadstone Harbour and thesection of the Broadstone Branch west of ConstitutionHill/Phibsborough Road (AC88), the aqueduct was usedas a road to provide access to the former Broadstonestation terminal building (AC89). This usage is shownon historic OS maps dating to 1911, 1925 and 1948. Thesite is noted as “Foster Aqueduct” on the 1 st Edition 6inch OS map (1843) and “Aqueduct” on the 2 nd Edition 6inch OS map (1871–1875). It is depicted but not labelledon the 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd Edition (1939–1940) 25 inchmaps. The aqueduct was removed in 1951 to assist roadwidening in the area (Bennett 2005, 102; Casey 2005,282).An aquatint by James George Oben depicts theaqueduct at the beginning of the 19 th century (Oben1813, British Library Online Gallery). Foster Aqueductforms the focal point of the aquatint and consists of afreestanding, single arch ashlar limestone aqueduct. Thearch is flanked by pilasters and splayed abutments withcoping stones. Spandrels are located over the arch witha parapet, which has a string-course and coping stones.Possible remains of this aqueduct are located on thewestern side of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Roadimmediately east of a statue of the Virgin Mary (AC87).The remains consist of a section of retaining wallflanked by breakfront piers. The east elevation of thewall and piers is partially rendered but sections of theoriginal ashlar limestone structure are visible towardsthe base of the northern pier. A shallow section of thenorthern elevation of the northern pier remains bareand has a rusticated ashlar limestone surface. Theremains possibly represent what would have been thewestern retaining wall of the original structure. Theremains are stable (Headland Archaeology, 2009) andthe wall now forms part of the curtilage features of theformer Broadstone station terminal building (AC89; RPS987/2057).(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/038 (merit rating: notprovided); Bennett 2005, 102; Casey 2005, 282; 1 st(1843) and 2 nd (1871–1875) Edition 6 inch OS maps;2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OSmaps; 1925 and 1948 OS revision maps; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).86ConstitutionHillOS DN018315025/235161RPS987/2057Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge561

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgStatue of Virgin MaryThis statue is located outside the former Broadstonestation terminal building (AC89) to the immediate westof an ashlar limestone wall which comprises the remainsof Foster Aqueduct (AC86). It is located in an areasurrounded by a low curved wall topped by a railingand is facing east looking out over the Constitution Hill/Western Way/Phibsborough Road junction. The statuewas sculpted by A. Powers and Sons. The inscriptionon the base reads: “Erected by the employees of CórasIompair Éireann to the honour and glory of our ladyqueen of peace, May 1953. Pray for us.”(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).87BroadstoneOS DN018315015/235159-HighInfilled Harbour and section of Broadstone Branch ofRoyal Canal west of Constitution Hill/PhibsboroughRoadThe Broadstone Harbour (DCHIR 18/07/37), whichopened in 1807, was built as a terminal for the BroadstoneBranch of the Royal Canal and is clearly depicted onDuncan’s map (1821). The harbour is represented on the1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) to the immediate north ofthe present-day BAC Phibsborough Garage. It is shownas measuring approximately 150m in length, 50m in widthat its southern extent and 30m in width at its northernextent. In 1845 the MGWR purchased the Royal CanalCompany to run their new railway to Mullingar on the landalongside the canal. The MGWR soon lost interest in thecanal business and in 1877 they applied for and obtainedlegislation empowering them to fill in the harbour. Theirplans for this area are recorded in a drawing held in theIrish Railway Record Society (IRRS) Archive (MGWR1877a).When the harbour opened in 1807, a branch of canallinked it with the main Royal Canal; this branch,construction of which began in c.1796, was known asthe “Broadstone Line” and extended in a north/southorientation along what is now known as the “RoyalCanal Bank” (AC85). The canal was carried over theConstitution Hill/Phibsborough Road intersection byFoster Aqueduct (AC86); at this point the canal extendedin a southwest/northeast direction, directly in front of thesite where the former Broadstone station terminal building(AC89) was later built and is located today. The canalthen entered Broadstone Harbour which, as outlinedpreviously, was located to the north of present-dayBAC Phibsborough Garage. This section of BroadstoneBranch, extending to the south of the former Broadstonestation terminal building, was infilled in 1877 at the sametime as the harbour. Analysis of a section drawing fromthe IRRS Archive (MGWR 1877b) illustrates that thedepth of the canal base was approximately 7.5 feet (2.3m)below the contemporary (1877) ground level.88BroadstoneOS DN018314933/235081-High562Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5ACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgPortions of the surrounding boundary and retainingwalls are identified in the Grangegorman DevelopmentAgency Masterplan Principles as “high walls” of historicimportance; these walls are located to the southwestof the former Broadstone station terminal building andalso form part of the St. Brendan’s Hospital ProtectedStructure complex. A description of these walls ispresented in the following text.Wall 2: Boundary/retaining wall extending in a northerlydirection from the northwestern corner of the BACPhibsborough Garage for c. 100m. It comprises adressed rubble stone wall with stone capping and isc. 5–6m in height on the Grangegorman side (to thewest). However, since there is a substantial difference inground level between the two sides of this wall, it beingmuch higher on the Broadstone side (to the east), thewall is only visible c. 1.5–2m above ground level on thisside.Wall 3: Boundary/retaining wall adjoining the northernend of Wall 2 and extending for c. 140m in total. It runsin a north–westerly direction for the first 80m fromwhich point it runs in a west–north–westerly directionfor approximately 60m. It comprises a dressed rubblestone wall with stone capping that has been replacedin parts by cement render capping. This section of wallmeasures c. 3–4m in height. However, since there is asubstantial difference in ground level between the twosides of the wall, it being much higher on the Broadstoneside (to the northeast), the wall is only visible c. 0.4mabove ground level on this side.Wall 4: This wall is located at the northern terminalof Wall 3 and extends for c. 45m in a north-northeastdirection. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall withbrick capping and stands c. 4m high. This wall extends afurther 155m in a north–northwest direction (this sectionhas a stone capping). At its northern extremity a c. 10mwide entranceway leads into a linear area, which hasbeen highlighted as an area of archaeological potential(AC93).Historic OS maps depict a number of featuresassociated with the MGWR including the tracks ofthe former railway line within the boundaries of thissite. There are no above-ground remains of thesefeatures present within the site boundaries, howeverthere is potential for associated subsurface remainsto be present. This is evidenced by the results ofarchaeological monitoring of a utility slit trenchexcavated within the Broadstone Bus Depot as part ofthe proposed scheme’s advance investigative works.Identified within this trench were remains that werepossibly associated with the use and/or construction ofthe MGWR (RPA 2009a).564Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgThe Protected Structure status of this site (RPS2057/987) extends to cover the former Broadstonestation terminal building, four units to the northeastof this building, the BAC Phibsborough Garage andall surviving ashlar, brick and rubble stone boundaryand retaining walls within and surrounding the formerBroadstone station terminal building and BAC Garage.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/004; railway stationterminal building (merit rating: regional); DCIHR18/07/005; goods shed to northeast of railway station(merit rating: regional); DCC 2005; Casey 2005; MooreRuble Yudell Architects et al. 2008 [Electronic source];1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OSmap (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009; RPA 2009a).Note: Refer also to AH361 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book1, Chapter 24).90GrangegormanEast(Broadstone)OS DN018314963/235144-Townland Boundary (Grangegorman East/DublinCity)Site of townland boundary, now primarily occupied byBAC Phibsborough Garage. No above-ground remainssurvive, however subsurface remains may be present.(Data sources: 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2 ndEdition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology,2009).HighEngine ShedThis site is noted as “Turntable” on the 2 nd Edition 6 inchOS map (1875), and as “Engine Shed; turntable” on laterOS maps dating to 1911 and 1939–1940. There areno above-ground remains; however, it is possible thatsubsurface remains of this site are present. The area iscurrently used as a bus depot.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/007 (merit rating: notprovided); 2 nd Edition 6 inch OS map (1875); 2 nd (1911)and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).91BroadstoneBus DepotOS DN018314832/235203-HighEngine ShedThis site is noted as “Engine Shed” on the historicOS maps dating to 1911 and 1939–1940. There areno above-ground remains; however, it is possible thatsubsurface remains of this site are present. The area iscurrently used as a bus depot.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/006 (merit rating: notprovided); 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inchOS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).92BroadstoneBus DepotOS DN018314817/235301-HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge565

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.5 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgArea of Archaeological Potential: Possible BurialSiteAccording to a Cultural Heritage Assessment carried outon behalf of the Grangegorman Development Agency(2008) there is a significant possibility that unmarkedcholera graves from the 1830s outbreak are present inthe vicinity of St. Brendan’s Hospital. The report citesthe possible location as within the walled lands to thenorth of the Annex Building, east of H.J. Nolan Brothersand northwest of Marne Villas. The potential extentscomprise a rectangular area orientated northeast/southwest and measuring approximately 60×15m. Thesite is delineated to the northeast by an ashlar stone wallthat forms part of the Broadstone Protected Structure(AC89, Wall 4). This wall has a gated opening providingaccess to this site which is also bounded on its east andwest sides by walls that form part of the St. Brendan’sHospital Protected Structure complex located to thesouth and west.It should be noted that the location of this potential siteis speculative and is not indicative of the actual scale orknown location.(Data sources: Grangegorman Development Agency2008, 53–54).93St. Brendan’sHospitalOS DN018314731/235327-HighEngine HouseThis site is noted on the historic OS maps dating to 1911and 1939–1940 as “Engine Shed”. No known abovegroundremains survive; however, it is possible thatsubsurface remains associated with this site are present.The site is currently used as a bus depot.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/107 (merit rating: notprovided); 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inchOS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).94BroadstoneBus DepotOS DN018314813/235410-High566Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 Baseline categorisation: Area 30 Former Broadstone railway cutting to BroombridgeACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgMidland Great Western Railway (MGWR)Opened in June 1847, the MGWR was one of thekey players in Ireland’s western rail expansion.The line reached Galway in 1851, being the first ofthe lines to do so, and was one of the three largestrail companies operating in 19 th century Ireland.Terminating at the former Broadstone stationterminal building (AC89), this section of railwaywas closed to public traffic in 1937 and the tracksare no longer present.The section of this site falling within the studyarea extends from the northern end of the MGWRTerminus (AC89), now occupied by BroadstoneBus Depot, to Broombridge Road. It includes anumber of features associated with the formerMGWR which have been given separate ACnumbers (please refer to AC102, AC103, AC105,AC113 and AC114).The former MGWR cutting, as well as sections ofthe original railway cutting retaining and boundarywalls and embankments still survive along thesection of this railway line located between thenorthern end of the Broadstone Bus Depot andthe twin arch railway tunnel (AC104) which nowcarries the Phoenix Park railway line. There is alsopotential for subsurface remains associated withthis site to be present.There are two sets of railway cutting wallspresent (an outer and inner set) except in thearea just south of the North Circular Road railwayoverbridge (AC96) to just north of the Cabra Roadrailway overbridge (AC98) where there is just theone set. The set of walls present at this locationextends for c. 250m and comprises sneckeddressed limestone and are c. 7.5–10m in height.At this location the cutting also narrows and thereis no embankment present.In the remaining sections of the railway cuttingthe outer set of walls delimits the top of the cuttingembankment while the inner set delimits the baseof the cutting embankment. These two sets ofwalls are in varying degrees of preservation andboth appear to have missing and replacementsections at several locations. A comprehensiveassessment of the full extent of the cuttingwalls was hindered by dense overgrowth at thetime of the field inspection. In addition, onlythe top portion of the outer boundary wall isvisible at many locations. It is unclear if this isin consequence of the outer wall being buriedbehind the cutting embankment, as due to denseovergrowth it is not clear what forms the original95Broadstone toBroombridgeOS DN018314749/235602-HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge567

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgtop of the embankment at a number of locations.This set of outer walls generally comprises sneckeddressed limestone.The inner set of walls runs along the same line asthe retaining/boundary walls visible just south of theNorth Circular Road railway overbridge (AC96) to justnorth of the Cabra Road railway overbridge (AC98)and they largely appear to function as a low retaining/boundary wall at the bottom of the embankment oneither side of the cutting. They generally comprisesnecked limestone walls standing to heights rangingfrom 0.8 to 1.6m. A section of this inner set of wallsforms a boundary with a coal yard (AC102) locatedto the south of Liffey Junction. This section of thewall extends for approximately 155m, though thereis a break in the wall approximately 25m beyond itssoutheastern limit which presumably once allowedaccess to the coal yard; there is one stone pillarremaining on the northeastern side of the entrance.This section of the inner retaining walls comprisessnecked limestone and stands at a height ofapproximately 1.6m.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/001 (merit rating:regional); Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to site AH364 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).Railway OverbridgeThis bridge, built c. 1846, is one of four bridgeslying within the study area that was erected by theMGWR over its railway line; three, including thisbridge, remain. This MGWR line opened in 1847and terminated at the former Broadstone stationterminal building (AC89) to the southeast. The skilfullyexecuted stone masonry enhances this bridge’ssymmetrical design while the use of a variety of stonefinishes adds to the visual appeal of the structure.It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising of piersand spandrels with rock-faced limestone block facing.The bridge has an elliptical arch with channelledrusticated voussoirs and dressed limestone impostcourses. A dressed limestone plat band is locatedabove the arch. The bridge also has two ashlarlimestone parapet walls located at road level with cutstonecoping.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/003 (merit rating:regional); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to site AH369 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).96North CircularRoadOS DN018314670/235753RPS 884(DCC)Very high568Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg97GrangegormanEast/GrangegormanMiddleOS DN018314662/235767-Townland Boundary (Grangegorman East/Grangegorman Middle)Site of townland boundary, now occupied by NorthCircular Road. No above-ground remains survive,however subsurface remains may be present.(Data sources: 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843);2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Casey 2005,205; Headland Archaeology, 2009).HighRailway overbridge98Cabra RoadOS DN018314609/235877RPS 877(DCC)This bridge was built by the MGWR c. 1846 tocarry Cabra Road over the now disused railwaycutting (AC95). It is one of four bridges that waserected by the MGWR over its railway line lyingwithin the study area; three, including this bridge,survive. The bridge displays a variety of stonefinishes with rock-faced rustication and largeblocks being used to add a feeling of solidity to thestructure. The skilfully executed stone masonryenhances the bridge’s symmetrical design whilethe use of a variety of stone finishes adds to thevisual appeal of the structure.It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising ofpiers and spandrels with rock-faced limestoneblock facing. The bridge has an elliptical archwith channelled rusticated voussoirs and dressedlimestone impost courses. A dressed limestoneplat band is located above the arch. The bridgealso has two ashlar limestone parapet wallslocated at road level with cut-stone coping.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/002 (merit rating:regional); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology,2009).Note: Refer also to AH378 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 24).Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge569

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgRailway Overbridge SiteThis former bridge, built c. 1846, was one of fourbridges lying within the study area that wereerected by the MGWR over its railway line; this isthe only one of the four that is no longer present.The railway line opened in 1847 and terminatedat the former Broadstone station terminal building(AC89) to the southeast. The bridge is depicted onthe 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) as carryingthe section of roadway connecting “FaussaghLane” and “Connaught Street” over the formerMGWR (AC95) and is shown as measuringapproximately 10m in width. A single spanconcrete bridge, built c. 1990 currently occupiesthe site.Analysis of the 1948 OS revision map of Dublinshows that the bridge and Fassaugh Road wereslightly realigned to the south in the periodbetween the 2 nd (1911) and 4 th (1948) Edition25 inch OS maps. It is possible, therefore, thatsubsurface remains of the bridge are locatedwithin the former MGWR cutting (AC95) tothe immediate north of the current bridge.Examination of the topographical survey carriedout by RPA (2009d) shows that a low wall islocated to the immediate northeast of the newbridge, at the foot of the current embankment.The site was very overgrown at the time of thefield inspection thus a detailed survey of thesite was not possible. This wall could potentiallybe associated with the earlier bridge or it mayrepresent part of the low retaining wall thatoriginally bounded the bottom of the embankmentwhich extends along either side of the formerMGWR (AC95).A plaque commemorating Liam Whelan, aManchester United player who grew up in Cabraand was killed on 6 th February 1958 when a jetcarrying the football team crashed in Munich, islocated in the centre of the southern parapet wallof the modern bridge.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/03/013 (merit rating: notprovided); 2 nd (1911) and 4 th (1948) Edition 25 inchOS maps; RPA 2009d; Headland Archaeology,2009).Note: Refer also to site AH386 in the MaterialAssets: Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24) which provides additionalinformation regarding the bridge constructed c.1990.99FassaughRoad;ConnaughtStreetOS DN01885314456/236178-High570Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg100GrangegormanMiddle/GrangegormanNorthOS DN018314369/236519-Townland Boundary (Grangegorman Middle/Grangegorman North)Site of townland boundary; the section within thestudy area is now occupied by the remains ofMGWR (AC95). No above-ground remains survive,however subsurface remains may be present.(Data sources: 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843);2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).High101GrangegormanNorth/Slutsend orWestfarmOS DN018314304/236597-Townland Boundary (Grangegorman North/Slutsend or Westfarm)Site of townland boundary; the section within thestudy area is now occupied by the remains ofMGWR (AC95). No above-ground remains survive,however subsurface remains may be present.(Data sources: 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843);2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).HighCoal Yard102GrangegormanNorthOS DN018314241/236624-This site is noted as “Coal Yard; coke ovens;weigh ho” on the 1 st Edition 25 inch OS map(1864). It is depicted, but not annotated on the 3 rdEdition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940); there is norepresentation of the yard on the 1948 OS revisionmap. The 1 st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864) depictsa boundary wall between the site of the coal yardand the MGWR (AC95). This wall is still extant.It extends for approximately 155m, comprisessnecked limestone and stands at a height ofapproximately 1.6m.There is an entranceway in this wall through whichthe coke ovens were presumably accessed from theMGWR cutting. There is one stone pillar remainingon the north-western side of the entrance. It ispossible that subsurface remains of the secondpillar, as well the coal yard itself, still survive. Thesite currently functions as waste ground.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/03/014 (merit rating: notprovided); 1 st (1864), 3 rd Edition 25 inch OS map(1939–1940); 1948 OS revision map; HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge571

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg103GrangegormanNorthOS DN018314200/236678-Site of Signal Box and PostThis feature is noted on the 1 st Edition 25 inch OS map(1864) as “Sign Box and Post”. The site is currentlywaste ground; no evidence of the feature was notedduring the field survey.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/03/015 (merit rating:not provided); 1 st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864);Headland Archaeology, 2009).MediumTunnel104GrangegormanNorthOS DN018314138/236746-A double-arch masonry railway tunnel which wasopened in 1877 as part of the GSWR. It now carriesthe Phoenix Park railway line under the Royal Canal(AC108). It was constructed in two sections with thefaçade of the southern arch set back from that of thenorthern arch. The bridge is constructed of rockfacedashlar limestone with dressed voussoirs to thearches surmounted by a tooled stone stringcourse andparapet with terminal piers. A curved retaining wall islocated to the northwest of the tunnel.This tunnel is a notable contributor to the developmentof Dublin’s rail network and its accomplished designand continued use, albeit occasional, are a testamentto the technical dexterity of its engineers. The tunnelextends across the full width of the study area in anorth/south orientation.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/017 (merit rating:national); Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to site AH387 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 24).HighSite of Tank105GrangegormanNorthOS DN018314083/236740-This site is shown on the 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map(1911) and represented as “tank”; on the 3 rd Edition25 inch OS map (1939–1940) it is labelled as “Tank(covered)”. No known remains of this site survive.Given its location adjacent to the railway tracks, it ispossible that the tank served an associated purpose.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/020 (merit rating: notprovided); 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940) Edition 25inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Medium106Grangegorman NorthOS DN018314027/236802-Site of Cattle penThis feature is noted as “Cattle pen” on the 2 nd Edition25 inch OS map (1911). There are no known remainssurviving. The site is now occupied by a factory.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/019 (merit rating:not provided); 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911);Headland Archaeology, 2009)Medium572Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg107GrangegormanNorthOS DN018313978/236839-Site of Cattle sidingThis feature is noted as “Cattle siding” on the 3 rd Edition 25inch OS map (1939–1940). No known remains survive. Thesite is now occupied by a factory.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/018 (merit rating: notprovided); 3 rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940);Headland Archaeology, 2009).MediumRoyal Canal and Towing PathConstruction work began on the Royal Canal in 1790.When it was complete in 1817 it allowed trade boatsand passenger services to travel between Dublin andShannon Harbour. The section of canal and tow pathfrom Prospect Cemetary that falls within the study areaextends to Broombridge.The canal was sold to the MGWR in 1845 from whichpoint it essentially went into rapid decline. It was officiallyclosed to traffic in 1961 but still remains an impressivefeature in the landscape.Although the canal’s associated towing path nolonger fulfils its original function, it is an importantcomponent amongst the collection of structures andsites bequeathed by the Royal Canal. Tow paths werean integral part of the operating of the canal and assuch the survival of this example, although altered, issignificant. The great canal building schemes of the late18 th century were a major civil engineering feat and ofhistorical and industrial significance not least due to theirimpact on the transport network of Ireland. The pathforms part of an amenity along the canal as a walkingroute.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/001 – Royal Canal (meritrating: not provided); DCIHR 18/03/002 – Royal Canaltow path (merit rating: regional); Headland Archaeology,2009).Note: Refer also to AH9 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).108GrangegormanNorth/SlutsendWestfarm/Cabra/BallybogganOS DN018NGR: Various-HighRailway BridgeThis single-span masonry railway bridge was builtc. 1864 to carry MGWR’s North Wall extension overthe Royal Canal. It is comprised of rock-faced ashlarlimestone piers with dressed cornices surmounted by acast-iron deck. The bridge crosses the canal over the7 th lock, to the north of Liffey Junction, a former railwaystation (AC113). The structure displays a robust designand technical dexterity apparent in the other bridgesalong this line with the contrasting dressed ashlar androck-faced limestone further enhancing its design.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/038 (merit rating: regional);Headland Archaeology, 2009).109GrangegormanNorthOS DN018313819/236999-HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge573

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgQuarry110GrangegormanNorthOS DN018313776/236964-This site is noted as “Chemical Manure Works” on the1 st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864). It is depicted but notannotated on the 2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) andnoted as “Hydraulic Ram” on the 3 rd Edition 25 inch OSmap (1939–1940). The site currently functions as wasteground; no visible remains of the quarry were notedduring the field survey. However, there is potential forsubsurface remains to be present.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/025 (merit rating: notprovided); 1 st (1864), 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940)Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology,2009).HighLock HouseThis structure is noted as a “Lock House” on the 1 stEdition 25 inch OS map (1864). It is depicted butnot annotated on the 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940)Edition 25 inch OS maps. There are no visibleremains of the lock house. However, there is potentialfor the presence of subsurface remains associatedwith the house.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/023 (merit rating: notprovided); 1 st (1864), 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940)Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology,2009).111GrangegormanNorthOS DN018313768/237035-High7 th LockThis site comprises a canal lock, built c. 1790, as the7 th lock along the Royal Canal. The walls of the lock,including the chamber, are ashlar limestone. Thereare timber gates at the east and west end, and thereare remains of winding machinery to the west side ofthe lock.This canal lock is one of a number of transportrelatedstructures located at this junction of the RoyalCanal and the former MGWR. Locks were an integralcomponent to the operation of a canal and a valuableindicator of the technical prowess of the canalengineers. The fine quality ashlar stonework andsurviving remains of the lock’s opening mechanismsfurther enhance the structure’s significance.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/006 (merit rating:national); Headland Archaeology, 2009).112TolkaparkOS DN018313768/237017-High574Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLiffey Junction Railway Station113GrangegormanNorthOS DN018313804/236986-Former railway station, opened in 1864, andconstructed at the junction of two MGWR lines, withone line terminating at Broadstone and the secondterminating at North Wall. It was formally closed in 1937,although it continued to be used for cattle traffic untilthe 1970s. Parts of the platform survive comprisinglimestone walls. The upstanding remains of a two-stagewater tower with a wrought-iron sheet tank mountedon an overhanging eaves course of red brick are alsopresent. It has snecked limestone walls with red brickquoins and a string course. The round-headed dooropenings have red brick surrounds and voussoirs butare now blocked up. Ruinous remains of a possiblestore building are located to the east. A modern steelfence now encloses the area. There is a cast-iron waterhydrant probably associated with the former stationlocated to west of this fence and water tower.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/011 (merit rating: regional);Headland Archaeology, 2009).HighSignal HouseThis site is noted as a “Signal house” on the 1 stEdition 25 inch OS map (1864). It is depicted butnot annotated on the 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940)Edition 25 inch OS maps. No above-ground remainsare visible; however, there is potential for thepresence of associated subsurface material. The sitecurrently functions as waste ground.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/013 (merit rating: notprovided); 1 st (1864), 2 nd (1911) and 3 rd (1939–1940)Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology,2009).114GrangegormanNorthOS DN018313671/237036-High115GrangegormanNorth/CabraghOS DN018313540/237063-Townland Boundary (Grangegorman North/Cabragh)Site of townland boundary; the section within studyarea is now occupied by the remains of MGWR(AC95). No above-ground remains survive, howeversubsurface remains may be present.(Data sources: 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843);2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge575

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgBroombridge (Canal Bridge)Broombridge is one of a number of bridges constructedover the Royal Canal, and was built c. 1790; it wasextended in 1846 by the MGWR (refer to AC117).The bridge follows the style apparent throughoutall Irish canal bridges with the simple humpbackeddesign enhanced by finely executed stonework. Italso has an historical association being the locationwhere Sir William Rowan Hamilton first wrote downthe fundamental formula for quaternions which iscommemorated on a stone plaque located on the northwestern retaining wall (AC118).This bridge is a single-arch hump back masonrybridge with coursed limestone walls, ashlar limestonestringcourse above a segmental-arch with dressedstone voussoirs and a central keystone. Sections ofthe parapet walls have been rebuilt. Limestone blockwalls line the canal beneath the bridge. The ProtectedStructure status of this bridge extends to include itsassociated retaining/boundary walls.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/005 (merit rating:national); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH388 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 24).116BroombridgeRoadOS DN018313199/237187RPS989/906(DCC)Very highBroombridge (Railway Overbridge)This bridge was built c. 1846 as part of the MGWRproject to carry Broombridge Road over the railwayline. It is one of four bridges within the study area thatwas constructed by the MGWR; only three, includingthis bridge, survive. It is a single-arch masonrybridge forming a single unit with the canal bridge(AC116) to the north. It has coursed limestone wallsand parapets with a dressed limestone string courseabove the arch and square-profile terminal piers. Itselliptical arch has tooled limestone voussoirs. TheProtected Structure status of this bridge extends toinclude its associated retaining/boundary walls.Its construction is a testament to the engineeringand technological skills of the 19 th century buildersof Ireland’s railways and its siting adjoining the canalbridge (AC116) highlights the number of facets ofIreland’s infrastructural expansion during this period.(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/010 (merit rating:national); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).Note: Refer also to AH388 in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 24).117BroombridgeRoadOS DN018313201/237171RPS989/906(DCC)Very high576Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGETable 23.6 ContinuedACNo.LOCATIONLegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINg118CanalBridge onBroombridgeRoadOS DN018313190/237187-Stone Plaque Commemorating Formula of HamiltonThis plaque, set into Broombridge (canal bridge)(AC116) commemorates the discovery of the formulafor quaternions by Sir William Rowan Hamilton on 16 thOctober 1843. The site of this plaque forms part of anannual commemorative walk, from Dunsink, whichtakes place on the anniversary of the discovery and isattended by international scholars.(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).High119Cabragh/BallybogganSouthOS DN018313195/237187-Townland Boundary (Cabragh/BallybogganSouth)Site of townland boundary, now primarily occupiedby the Royal Canal (AC108). No above-groundremains survive, however, subsurface remains maybe present.(Data sources: 1 st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843);2 nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); HeadlandArchaeology, 2009).HighEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge577

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE23.6 References23.6.1 Literary sourcesArchaeological Diving Company Ltd. (ADCO)(2008) Underwater and Inter-Tidal ArchaeologicalAssessment, River Liffey 100m West of O’ConnellBridge to Butt Bridge, Dublin City, 08D09408R310. Draft unpublished report prepared by TheArchaeology Diving Company Ltd. for the RailwayProcurement Agency.Baker, C. (2005) Archaeological Excavation FinalReport ESB Substation O’Connell Street Lower,Dublin 1, Licence No. 03E0433. Unpublished reportprepared by Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. for theRailway Procurement Agency.Bardon, J. (1988) If Ever You Go to Dublin Town: aHistoric Guide to the City’s Street Names. Belfast:Blackstaff.Bennett, D. (2005) The Encyclopaedia of Dublin.Dublin: Gill and Macmillan.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (1996) Excavations 1995: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (1997) Excavations 1996: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (1998) Excavations 1997: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2000) Excavations 1998: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2001) Excavations 1999: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2002) Excavations 2000: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2003) Excavations 2001: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2004) Excavations 2002: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2007a) Excavations 2003: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2007b) Excavations 2004: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2008) Excavations 2005: SummaryAccounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland.Bray: Wordwell Ltd.Bolger, T. (2004) Final Report ArchaeologicalExcavation and Monitoring, 14–18 Aston Quay, Dublin2. Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen &Co. Ltd. for Shelbourne Developments Ltd.Bolger, T. (2010) Archaeological Monitoring andExcavation: 31–36 Ormond Quay Upper/OrmondPlace/Charles Street West/Ormond Square,Dublin 7. Unpublished draft report prepared forMargaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. on behalf of John PaulConstruction.Bradley, J. and King, H.A. (1989) UrbanArchaeological Survey County Dublin, Vol. VIII, PartII. Unpublished report commissioned by the Office ofPublic Works.Bradley, E. (1984) Viking Dublin Exposed. Dublin:O’Brien Press.Brady, J. (2001) “Dublin at the Turn of the Century”. In:Brady, J and Simms, A. (Eds.). Dublin Through Spaceand Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp. 221–282.Breen, T. (1995) Acquisitions 1795 to 1995 – FindsFrom the City and County of Dublin in the IrishDivisions of the National Museum of Ireland.Unpublished report prepared for the National Museumof Ireland.Budd, R. (2001) The Platforme of an Universitie:All Hallows’ Priory to Trinity College Dublin. Dublin:Particular Books.Butler, R. (Ed.). (1845) Registrum Prioratus OmniumSanctorum Juxta Dublin. Dublin: Irish ArchaeologicalSociety.Butler, D. (2004) The Quaker Meeting Houses ofIreland. Dublin: The Historical Committee of theReligious Society of Friends in Ireland.578Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGECarroll, J. (2003) Dublin City: Sources forArchaeologists. Dublin: Dublin City Council and theHeritage Council.Casey, C. (2005) The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin. NewHaven and London: Yale University Press.Clarke, H. (1977) Excavations in King’s Lynn, 1963–1970. London: Society for Mediaeval Archaeology.Clarke, H. (1978) Dublin c. 840 to c. 1540. TheMedieval Town in the Modern City (1 st Edition). Dublin:The Ordnance Survey.Clarke, H. (1990) Medieval Dublin: The Making of aMetropolis. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.Clarke, H. (1995) “Myths, Magic and the Middle Ages:Dublin from its beginnings to 1577”. In: Clarke, H. (Ed.)Irish Cities. Dublin: Mercier Press, pp. 82–96.Clarke, H. (2002a) Dublin c. 840 to c. 1540. TheMedieval Town in the Modern City (2 nd Edition). Dublin:Royal Irish Academy.Clarke, H. (2002b) Dublin Part 1, to 1610: Irish HistoricTowns Atlas No. 11. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.Clarke, H. (2005) “The Early Development of Dublin”. In:Casey, C. (Ed.), The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin. NewHaven and London: Yale University Press. Pp. 10–19.Connell, C. (2004) Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin,1832–1900. Dublin: Four Courts Press.Cooney, G. (1998) The Irish Stone Axe Project. Bray:Wordwell Ltd.Craig, M.J. (1969) Dublin 1660–1860: a social andarchitectural history. Dublin: Allen Figgis.Craig, A. (1980) Saint Stephen’s Green, 1880–1980: ACentenary Booklet. Ireland: Office of Public Works.Cultural Resource Development Services (CRDS)Ltd. (2008) Architecture, Archaeology and CulturalHeritage. Marlborough Street Public Transport PriorityBridge Environmental Impact Statement. Unpublishedreport prepared by CRDS on behalf of Roughan &O’Donovan Consulting Engineers.Cryerhall, A. (2003) “Excavation Licence 03E0721:3–15 Hammond Lane/161–168 Church Street,Dublin”. In: Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2007) Excavations 2003:Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavations inIreland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd. Reference No. 2003:535.Cryerhall, A. (2006) “Excavations at Hammond Lane,Dublin: from Hurdle-ford to Iron-foundry”. In: Duffy,S. (Ed.) Medieval Dublin VII. Four Courts Press Ltd.:Dublin, pp. 9–50.Cullen, L. (1995) “A Story of Growth and Change:Dublin 1560–1800”. In: Clarke, H. (Ed.), Irish Cities.Dublin: Mercier Press, pp. 96–109.Curtis, E. (1990) “Norse Dublin”. In: Clarke, H. (Ed.)Medieval Dublin: The Making of a Metropolis. Dublin:Irish Academic Press. Pp 98–109.De Breffney, B. and Ffolliott, R. (1975) The Housesof Ireland: Domestic Architecture from the MedievalCastle to the Edwardian Villa. London: Thames andHudson.De Courcy, J.W. (1996) The Liffey in Dublin. Gill &Macmillan.Delany, R. (1992) Ireland’s Royal Canal 1789–1992.Dublin: Lilliput Press.Dennehy, E. (2009) Metro North MN107Archaeological Monitoring Report, Ministerial ConsentC313. Draft unpublished report prepared for theRailway Procurement Agency.Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and theIslands (1999) Framework and Principles for theProtection of the Archaeological Heritage. Dublin:Stationery Office.Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment (DoEHLG) (2004) Architectural HeritageGuidelines. Dublin: Stationery Office.Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment (DoEHLG) (2007) Code of Practicebetween the Department of the Environment Heritageand Local Government and the Railway ProcurementAgency. Dublin: Stationery Office.Donnelly, N. (1905–1916) A short history of someDublin Parishes, Vol. II. Dublin: Catholic Truth Societyof Ireland.Doyle, T. (2009a) Archaeological Monitoring of MetroNorth Utility Slit Trenching, Dublin City, LicenceNo. 08E956. Unpublished report prepared byHeadland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. for the RailwayProcurement Agency.Doyle, T. (2009b) Archaeological Monitoring of MetroNorth Utility Slit Trenching at St. Stephen’s Green,Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge579

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEDublin, Licence No. E3963. Unpublished reportprepared by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. forthe Railway Procurement Agency.Doyle, T. (2009c) Archaeological Monitoring of MetroNorth Utility Slit Trenching, O’Connell Street, Dublin,Licence No. E3964. Unpublished report prepared byHeadland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. for the RailwayProcurement Agency.Doyle, T. (2009d) Archaeological Monitoring ofMetro North Utility Slit Trenching, O’Connell Street,Dublin, Licence No. E3965. Unpublished report forthe Railway Procurement Agency from HeadlandArchaeology (Ireland) Ltd.Dublin City Council. (2001) O’Connell StreetArchitectural Conservation Area. Dublin: Dublin CityCouncil.Dublin City Council (2003) History of MonumentsO’Connell Street Area. Unpublished report preparedfor Dublin City Council by Archive Consultants.Dublin City Council (2005) Dublin City DevelopmentPlan 2005–2011, Vol. 3 – Record of ProtectedStructures. Dublin: Dublin City Council.Dublin City Council (2006) From O’Connell to Parnell.Unpublished report prepared by Dublin City Council.Dublin City Council (2008) Phibsborough/MountjoyLocal Area Plan 2008. Dublin: Dublin City Council.Dublin Civic Trust (2003) Numbers 8–10 HenriettaStreet. Dublin: Environmental Publications.Dublin Public Libraries. (1990) Directory ofGraveyards.Dúchas. (1998) Record of Monuments andPlaces Protected under Section 12 of the NationalMonuments Act (Amendment) Act, 1994; County ofDún Laoghaire – Rathdown/County of Fingal/Countyof South Dublin/Dublin County Borough. Dublin:Dúchas, The Heritage Service.Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Guidelineson the Information to be Contained in EnvironmentalImpact Statements. Wexford: EnvironmentalProtection Agency.Environmental Protection Agency (2003) AdviceNotes on Current Practice in the Preparation of EIS.Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.Eogan, G. (1965) A Catalogue of Irish Bronze Swords.Dublin: Stationery Office.Eogan, G. (1983) The Hoards of the Irish Later BronzeAge. Dublin: University College Dublin.Eogan, G. (1994) The Accomplished Art: Gold andGold-working in Britain and Ireland during the BronzeAge (c. 2300–650BC). Oxford: Oxbow Books.Eogan, G. (2000) The Socketed Bronze Axes inIreland. Stuttgart: Steiner.Grangegorman Development Agency (2008)Environmental Assessment: Scoping Issues Papers:Preparation of Grangegorman Strategic Plan. Dublin:Grangegorman Development Agency.General Alphabetical Index of the Townlands andTowns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland: Based onthe census of Ireland for the Year 1851 (Originallypublished: Dublin 1861). Reprinted Baltimore:Genealogical Publishing Company (2006).Gilbert, J.T. (1854) A History of the City of Dublin.Dublin: James McGlashan.Gilbert, J.T. (1894) Calendar of Ancient Records ofDublin in the Possession of the Municipal Corporationof that City. Vol. IV. Dublin: Dollard.Gilbert, J.T. (1895) Calendar of Ancient Records ofDublin in the Possession of the Municipal Corporationof that City. Vol. V. Dublin: Dollard.Gwynn, A. and Hadcock, N. (1970) Medieval ReligiousHouses: Ireland. Harlow: Longmans.Haliday, C. (1884) The Scandinavian Kingdom ofDublin. Dublin: M.H. Gill and Son.Harbison, P. (1968) “Catalogue of the Irish EarlyBronze Age Associated Finds Containing Copper orBronze”. In: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy,Vol. 67C, 35–91.Harbison, P. (1969a) The Daggers and the Halberdsof the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. PrähistorischeBronzefunde, Abteilung VI, Band 1. C.H. Beck,München.Harbison, P. (1969b) The Axes of the Early BronzeAge in Ireland. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, AbteilungXI, Band 1. C.H. Beck, München.580Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEHeadland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd., (2009) FieldSurvey. Unpublished field notes prepared by HeadlandArchaeology (Ireland) Ltd.Hill, J. (1998) Irish Public Sculpture: A History. Dublin:Four Courts Press.Hogan, J. (1872–1873) “Patron days and holy wellsin Ossary”. In: Journal of the Royal Society ofAntiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 12, pp. 261–281.Killanin, Lord and Duignan, M.V. (1967) Shell Guide toIreland. New York: Norton.Lennon, C. (2008) Dublin Part II, 1610 to 1756, IrishHistoric Towns Atlas No. 19. Dublin: Royal IrishAcademy.Little, G. (1957) Dublin before the Vikings. Dublin: Gilland Son Ltd.Lohan, K. (2009) Report on Archaeological Monitoringand Excavations at Clancy Barracks, Islandbridge,South Circular Road, Dublin 8. License No. 07E0261.Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen &Co. Ltd. for Clancy Quay Properties Ltd.Logan, P. (1980) The Holy Wells of Ireland. GerrardsCross: Smythe.Lyons, J.B. (1995) “The Royal College of Surgeonsin Ireland and Its Worthies”. In: Dublin HistoricalRecords, Vol.48 (1), pp. 40–54.M’Cready, C.T. (1892) Dublin Street Names, Datedand Explained. Reprinted 1987. Dublin: Carraig BooksLtd.McCutcheon, C. (2006) Medieval Pottery from WoodQuay, Dublin: the 1974–6 Waterfront Excavations.Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.McGovern Surveyors (2009) Schedule of Conditionrelating to St. Patrick’s Well, Trinity College, NassauStreet, Dublin 2. Unpublished report prepared byMcGovern Surveyors for the Railway ProcurementAgency.McNeill, C. (1950) Calendar of Archbishop Alen’sregister, c. 1172–1534 Prepared and Edited from theOriginal in the Registry of the United Dioceses ofDublin and Glendalough and Kildare. Dublin: RoyalSociety of Antiquaries of Ireland.McQuade, M. (2004) “Excavation Licence 03E0654:Building C, Spencer Dock, North Wall Quay, Dublin”.In: Bennett, I. (Ed.), (2007) Excavations 2004:Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavationsin Ireland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd. Reference No.2004:0565, pp. 128–129.Moore Ruble Yudell Architects and Planners, DMODArchitects, Lutzow 7, Shaffrey Associates and FaberMaunsell/Aecom (2009) Draft Broadstone GateOptions Study. Unpublished draft report prepared byMoore Ruble Yudell Architects and Planners, DMODArchitects, Lutzow 7, Shaffrey Associates and FaberMaunsell/Aecom for Bus Éireann/CIÉ/Dublin Bus/Dublin City Council/Grangegorman DevelopmentAgency and the Railway Procurement Agency.Myles, F. (2005) LUAS Archaeological MonitoringFinal Report: Line B, Licence No. 01E1185.Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen &Co. Ltd. for the Railway Procurement Agency.Myles, F. and Kerins, P. (2005a) LUAS ArchaeologicalMonitoring Final Report: Line A, Licence No.01E0733. Unpublished report prepared by MargaretGowen & Co. Ltd. for the Railway ProcurementAgency.Myles, F. and Kerins, P. (2005b) Stratigraphic ReportO’Connell Street Sub-Station Excavation, Dublin 1,Licence No. 02E1825, Unpublished report preparedby Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. for the RailwayProcurement Agency.National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for theAssessment of Architectural Heritage Impacts ofNational Road Schemes. Dublin: National RoadsAuthority.National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for theAssessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts ofNational Road Schemes. Dublin: National RoadsAuthority.O’Donovan, J. (1843) Ordnance Survey of IrelandName Books for Co. Dublin. Ordnance Survey ofIreland. Unpublished manuscript.O’Kelly, M.J. (1989) Early Ireland: an Introduction toIrish Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.Pearson, P. (2000) The Heart of Dublin. Dublin: TheO’Brien Press.Prunty, J. (1995) “From City Slums to City Sprawl:Dublin from 1800 to the Present”. In: Clarke, H. (Ed.).Irish Cities. Dublin: Mercier Press. Pp 109–123.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge581

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEPrunty, J. (2001) “Improving the urban environment:public health and housing in nineteenth-centuryDublin”. In: Brady, J and Simms, A. (Eds.), DublinThrough Space and Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp.166–221.Purcell, E. (2005) “The city and the suburb: medievalDublin and Oxmantown”. In: Duffy, S. (Ed.), MedievalDublin VI. Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 188–223.Raftery, B. (1983) A Catalogue of Irish Iron AgeAntiquities. Marburg: Magistrat der Universitatsstadt.Railway Procurement Agency (2008) EIS – MetroNorth Volumes 1–3.Railway Procurement Agency (2009a) Luas Line BXD:Draft Summary Report: Archaeological Monitoring ofTwo Utility Slit Trenches Excavated in the Vicinity ofBroadstone. Unpublished draft summary report.Railway Procurement Agency (RPA) (2009b) FieldInspection Notes (17/06/09) of St. Patrick’s Well(RMP DU018-020060). Unpublished report, RailwayProcurement Agency.Sheperd, E. (1994) The Midland and Great WesternRailway: an Illustrated History. Leicester: Midland Pub.Simms, A. (2001) “Origins and Early Growth”. In:Brady, J. and Simms, A. (Eds.), Dublin Through Spaceand Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp. 15–66.Simpson, L. (2007) Archaeological Monitoring Report:Provost’s Stables, Trinity College, Dublin. License No.03E0152. Unpublished report prepared by MargaretGowen & Co. Ltd.Sheridan, E. (2001a) “Designing the capital city:Dublin, c. 1660–1810”. In: Brady, J. and Simms, A.(Eds.). Dublin Through Space and Time. Dublin: FourCourts, pp. 66–136.Sheridan, E. (2001b) “Living in the capital city: Dublinin the 18 th Century”. In: Brady, J. and Simms, A. (Eds.).Dublin Through Space and Time. Dublin: Four Courts,pp. 136–159.Shiels, D. (2006) “The archaeology of insurrection: St.Stephen’s Green”. In: Archaeology Ireland, Vol. 20(1),pp. 8–11. Dublin, Wordwell Ltd.Shiels, D. (2009) Final Report on the Results of aMetal Detector Survey at the Royal Dublin Fusiliers’Arch, St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin. Unpublished reportprepared by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. forthe Railway Procurement Agency.Somerville-Large, P. (1996) Dublin: the Fair City.London: Sinclair-Stevenson.Swift, E.L. (Trans) (1809) The Life and Acts of SaintPatrick, the Archbishop, Primate and Apostle ofIreland (by Jocelin of Furness). Dublin: Hibernia PressCompany.Thomas, A. (1992) Walled Towns of Ireland, Vol. 2.Dublin: Irish Academic Press.Traynor, P. (1897) Irish Builder. Dublin: Peter Roe.Pp106.Waddell, J. (1990) The Bronze Age Burials of Ireland.Galway: The Connaught Tribune Ltd.Waddell, J. (2000) The Prehistoric Archaeology ofIreland. Galway: Galway University Press.Wallace, P.F. (1990) “The origins of Dublin”. In: Clarke,H. (Ed.), Medieval Dublin: The Making of a Metropolis.Dublin: Irish Academic Press. Pp 70–97.Walsh, P. (1977) Dublin c. 840 to c. 1540: the Years ofMedieval Growth. Dublin: The Ordnance Survey.23.6.2 Cartographic SourcesAuthor yEAR dRAWN SubjECT/TITLESpeed, J. 1610 Dublin CityPetty, W. (Down Survey) 1654–1656 Dublin City and CountyDe Gomme, B. 1673 Dublin City and Suburbs582Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEAuthor yEAR dRAWN SubjECT/TITLEGreene, J. (City Surveyor) 1680 Corner of Nassau Street with Grafton StreetPhillips, T. 1685 Dublin City and SuburbsGreene, J. (City Surveyor) 1695 College Street/Grafton Street/Nassau StreetCity Surveyors Unknown St. Stephen’s Green NorthBrooking, C. 1728 Dublin City and SuburbsTudor, J. 1753 College GreenRocque, J. 1756 Dublin CityMathews, City Surveyor 1769 College GreenScalé 1773 Dublin City and CountyWide Street Commission (WSC) 1780 Nassau StreetWSC 1781 College GreenWSC 1786 Dominick St.R. Evans 1791 Plan of Broadstone HarbourWide Street Commission 1793 College GreenWide Street Commission 1798 Constitution HillWide Street Commission 1799 Westmoreland St.Sherrard, T. (WSC) 1800 Constitution HillWSC 1800Hawkins Street, Poolbeg Street, Fleet Street,Fleet Abbey, White’s Lane, Price’s Lane andAston QuayWide Street Commission 1801 Hawkins St.Sherrard, T. (WSC) 1802 College Green and TrinityWSC 1806 Hawkins Street and Burgh QuayWSC 1808 College GreenWSC 1810 Marlborough StreetWSC 1813 College St. and Westmoreland St.Duncan, W. 1821 Dublin CitySherrard, T. (WSC) 1827 Dominick St.WSC 1837 Constitution HillOrdnance Survey 1843 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1864 Dublin City and CountyEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge583

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGEAuthor yEAR dRAWN SubjECT/TITLEOrdnance Survey 1876 Dublin City and CountyMGWR1877(a)Plans and Sections: No. 1 Section of newapproach road to Broadstone StationMGWR 1877(b) Plans and Sections: No. 4 Filling up HarbourOrdnance Survey 1911 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1925 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1939–40 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1948 Dublin City and CountyH. Clarke 1978Dublin c. 840-c. 1540, The Medieval Town inthe Modern City (1 st Edition)Record of Monuments & Places 1998 Dublin CityClarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Medieval DublinClarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Gaelic DublinClarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Scandinavian DublinClarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Later Medieval DublinClarke, H.RPA2002(a)2009(c)Dublin c. 840-c. 1540, The Medieval Town inthe Modern City (2 nd Edition)Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey ofproposed alignmentRPA 2009(d) Topographical survey of proposed alignment584Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE23.6.3 Electronic sourcesDepartment of the Environment, Heritage andLocal Government (January 2007). 1916 Building‘A National Monument’. Dublin. Available from: [Accessed 28 July 2009]Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment (2009) Database of Irish ExcavationReports 1970-2005. Dublin: Wordwell Ltd. Availablefrom: [Accessed December 2008 to July 2009]Irish Placenames Commission (2009) Place-namesdatabase of Ireland. Dublin: Fiontar. Available from: [Accessed 11 January 2010]Moore Ruble Yudell Architects and Planners, DMODArchitects, Lützow 7, Shaffrey Associates, BattleMcCarthy Consulting Engineers & Arup ConsultingEngineers (September 2008) Final GrangegormanMasterplan 3b: Key Masterplan Principles. Reportprepared on behalf of Dublin Institute of Technology.Pp 13–24 (A-33–A-44). Available from: [Accessed 04 August 2009]National Monuments Service, Department of theEnvironment Heritage and Local Government(2009) Sites and Monument Database. Dublin:Archaeological Survey of Ireland. Available from: [Accessed December2008 to July 2009]National Park Service (NPS) (2007) Parnell MonumentWashington DC: United States Department of theInterior. Available from: < http://www.nps.gov/saga/parnell-monument.htm> [Accessed 11 January 2010]Oben J. G. (1813) Aquatint: View of the City of Dublin.The Bay, Mountains and the Royal Canal and FosterAqueduct. In: British Library Online Gallery. London.Available from: [Accessed 28 September 2009]Ordnance Survey Ireland (2009) Ireland’s HistoricalMapping Archive. Dublin, Ordnance Survey Ireland.Available from: [Accessed December 2008 to August 2009]Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge585

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE586Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

24 MATERIAL ASSETS:ARCHITECTURALHERITAGE24.1 Introduction................................................................589Broombridge24.2 Baseline assessment methodology ........................58924.2.1 Introduction .................................................................58924.2.2 Study area....................................................................59024.2.3 Baseline data...............................................................59024.2.4 Difficulties encountered...............................................59024.3 Baseline categorisation criteria...............................59224.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment......................59224.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment.......................59224.3.3 Existing adverse effects...............................................59324.3.4 Baseline rating.............................................................59324.4 description of the receiving environment...............59324.4.1 Historical background..................................................593Cabra24.5 description and categorisation of thebaseline environment ...............................................59524.5.1 Summary of the baseline environment........................59524.5.2 Description of the baseline environment......................59624.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environment................60224.6 References.................................................................690PhibsboroughGrangegormanBroadstone - DITParnellDominickO’ConnellUpperMarlboroughO’Connell - GPOWestmorelandTrinityDawsonSt. Stephen’s GreenBASELINE

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE24.1 IntroductionThis is the Architectural Heritage baseline chapterof the Luas Broombridge Environmental ImpactStatement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluatesthe existing architectural heritage environment that islikely to be impacted by the proposed scheme.Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (RailwayInfrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EISmust contain a description of the aspects of theenvironment that are likely to be significantly affectedby a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS hasbeen prepared in order to fulfill this requirement inrespect of Material Assets (Architectural Heritage).Prior to compiling this chapter, a number of planningand policy documents were reviewed to ascertainif the documents contain any plans, policies orobjectives relating to architectural heritage. A list of thedocuments reviewed is contained in Section 24.2.1.The relevant findings of this review are detailed in thePlanning and Policy Context chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 3).24.2 Baseline assessmentmethodology24.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existingenvironment against which future changes can bemeasured. This section presents the methodologyused in assessing the baseline architectural heritageenvironment. The scope for the assessment has beeninformed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP),statutory consultees, bodies with environmentalresponsibility and other interested parties. Themethodology has been devised in consideration ofthe following guidelines, legislation charters andinventories:■■■■■■■■Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidancewith respect to EISs (EPA, 2002, 2003)Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) andHistoric Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions)Act, 1999Architectural Heritage Protection, Guidelinesfor Planning Authorities (Department of theEnvironment, Heritage and Local Government(DoEHLG), 2004)Council of Europe, Convention for the Protectionof the Architectural Heritage of Europe (“GranadaConvention”) (Strasbourg: 1984), ratified by Irelandin 1997■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■Council of Europe, Convention on the Protectionof the Archaeological Heritage of Europe (“VallettaConvention”) (Strasbourg: revised 1992)Council of Europe, European Charter of theArchitectural Heritage (Strasbourg: 1975)Dublin City Council’s (DCC) Development PlanPolicies on Conservation and ArchitecturalConservation Areas (ACAs) (Dublin CityDevelopment Plan (DCDP), 2005–2011: Chapter10: Heritage Policies H1–H27)DCC’s Record of Protected Structures (RPS)(DCDP, 2005–2011: Vol. 3)Guidelines for the Assessment of ArchitecturalHeritage Impacts of National Roads Schemes(National Roads Authority (NRA), 2005)International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage(Mexico: 1999)ICOMOS, Charter on the Conservation of HistoricTowns and Urban Areas (“Washington Charter”)(Washington: 1987)ICOMOS, Charter for the Conservation of Placesof Cultural Significance (“Burra Charter”) (Burra,Australia: 1979, revised 1999)ICOMOS, Charter on the Preservation of HistoricGardens (“Florence Charter”) (Florence: 1982)ICOMOS, Guidelines for Education and Training inthe Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles andSites (Colombo, Sri Lanka: 1993)ICOMOS, International Charter for theConservation and Restoration of Monuments andSites (“Venice Charter”) (Venice: 1964)Local Government (Planning and Development)Act, 2000National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH)Handbook (DoEHLG, June 2006)■■Planning and Development (Amendment) Act, 2002■■Planning and Development Regulations 2001The general baseline assessment methodology isdefined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book1, Chapter 5). The baseline architectural heritageEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge589

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGEenvironment has been defined through a desktopstudy, consultation with relevant stakeholders andfield surveys. The baseline environment is thencategorised using the criteria outlined in Section 24.3and baseline ratings are assigned. These baselineratings are subsequently used in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage impact assessment chapter ofthis EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 15) to help determinethe impact significance.24.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to thepotential for impact from the proposed scheme andthe availability of relevant information. The extent ofthe study area is shown in Table 24.1.24.2.3 Baseline dataThe data sources used to compile the baseline areshown in Table 24.2.24.2.4 Difficulties encounteredThe baseline architectural heritage environment hasbeen defined through desktop study and review ofbasement surveys obtained during the course of thisassessment.In some cases, the full extents of basements remainsunknown whether by virtue of these having beenblocked up or sealed in the past, or through accessdifficulties to properties along the alignment. Thebasement surveys therefore, represent the bestinformation available at this time but should not beconsidered as complete information.Obtaining accurate information on the location andcondition of existing buried utility environment isalso difficult. The records of the utility undertakingshave been examined and non-invasive surveytechniques employed to provide further definition tothis data, however the information provided whileconsidered reasonable at this stage of the railwayorder application process having regard to currentknowledge and methods of assessment should not beconsidered comprehensive or final. The impacts ofutility diversions on cellars should thus be consideredin this context.A further difficulty relates to the absence ofinformation on the fabric of the building structureto which it is proposed to affix cable supports forthe overhead conductor system (OCS). Detailedinspections and surveys which will be undertaken inadvance of construction will provide this necessaryinformation.Table 24.1 Study areaCRITERIAProtected Structures, ACAs, designatedConservation Areas (CAs), ResidentialConservation Ares (RCAs) (Z2 zoning)and sites of architectural heritage merit.Width OF Study AREA(on BOTh SIdes OF the ALIgNMENT)The study area generally includes for all buildings which fallwithin a 30m radius to either side of the centre line of thealignment. The study area and alignment are illustrated on maps(Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS.590Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.2 Baseline dataINFORMATION AcquIREdLocation of ProtectedStructures, ACAs, designatedCAs and RCAs (Z2 zoning).Description and extent ofProtected Structures, ACAs,designated CAs and RCAs (Z2zoning).Location, description,chronology and extent of sitesof architectural heritage merit.General information relating toarchitectural heritage.DCDP 2005–2011, Vols. 1–3dATA SouRCEDCDP 2005–2011, Vols. 1–3Field survey carried out by David Slattery Historic Building Consultants in2009Field survey and photographic recording carried out by David SlatteryHistoric Building Consultants in 2009Cartographic sources of Trinity College Dublin (TCD) Map Library and theOrdnance Survey Ireland:John Speed’s Map of Dublin, 1610Charles Brooking’s Map of Dublin, 1728John Rocque’s Map of Dublin, 1756John Taylor’s Map of the Environs of Dublin, 1816William Duncan’s Maps of the County of Dublin, 18211 st edition and later revisions of Ordnance Survey maps of DublinHistoric photographs of National Library of Ireland and Irish ArchitecturalArchive.Documentary sources:“The Buildings of Ireland – Dublin” (Casey, 2005)“Through Streets Broad and Narrow” (Corcoran, 2008)“Dublin 1660–1860” (Craig, 2006)“Phaidon Architecture Guide Dublin” (Graby and O’Connor, 1993)“Irish Trams” (Kilroy, 1996)“Dublin as a Work of Art” (Lincoln, 1992)“Dublin, an Urban History” (McCullough, 2007)“Public Architecture in Ireland 1680–1760” (McParland, 2001)“Dublin The Fair City” (Somerville-Large, 1996)Dublin Civic Trust (Various Publications)Metro North EIS (Railway Procurement Agency (RPA))Online sources:http://www.buildingsofireland.comhttp://www.dublincity.iehttp://www.nli.ieEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge591

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE24.3 Baseline categorisation criteriaThis section of the baseline report categorises thebaseline architectural heritage environment. Thebaseline environment is assigned a baseline ratingbased on importance, sensitivity and existing adverseeffects of the receiving environment. Each of thesethree terms is explained in detail in this section. Theprofessional opinion of the specialist also plays animportant role in assigning the baseline rating. Thebaseline rating will subsequently be used in the impactchapter to determine the likely significance of impactswhich is discussed in detail in the Material Assets:Architectural Heritage impact assessment chapter ofthis EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 15).24.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentThe importance of architectural heritage is identifiedin a number of ways. Planning authorities arerequired to keep records of Protected Structuresand to designate ACAs, CAs and RCAs. In additionto these records there are further structures andfeatures of architectural heritage merit not designatedas Protected Structures, which have been identifiedthrough field surveys within the study area. All ofthese structures and features of architectural heritagemerit are also included in this assessment.24.3.1.1 Protected StructuresPart IV of the Planning Act, 2000 sets out theobligation of all local authorities to establish andmaintain a RPS which is included in their respectivedevelopment plans. County/city development plansand the planning legislation do not differentiatebetween Protected Structures on the basis of relativeimportance. A structure is either a Protected Structureor it is not and everything within its curtilage isprotected (unless otherwise recorded within the RPS).All Protected Structures and all elements within themare therefore considered to be of very high importance.24.3.1.2 Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs)Section 81 of the Planning Act, 2000 provides forthe inclusion of ACAs in the development plans ofplanning authorities in the following terms:“A development plan shall include an objective topreserve the character of a place, area, group ofstructures or townscape, taking account of buildinglines and heights that is of special architectural,historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific,social or technical interest or value or contributesto the appreciation of Protected Structures, if theplanning authority is of the opinion that its inclusionis necessary for the preservation of the characterconcerned”. Therefore these areas are considered tobe of very high importance.24.3.1.3 Conservation Areas (CAs)CAs can also be designated by planning authoritiesunder Section 204 of the Planning Act, 2000. Whilstthey are not subject to specific or prescriptive policieswithin the DCDP, as in the case of an ACA, they aresubject to general conservation and CA Policies withinthe DCDP, in particular those set out in Chapter 10and Section 10.2 of the DCDP. These policies includethe protection of existing architectural character andrequirements for new proposals to complement theexisting built forms. Structures, streetscapes andsettings of architectural heritage merit are recognisedto be important components of CAs. These areas areconsidered to be of very high importance.24.3.1.4 Residential Conservation Areas (RCAs)RCAs have extensive groupings of buildings andassociated open spaces with an attractive quality ofarchitectural design and scale. The overall qualityof the area in design and layout terms is such thatit requires special care in dealing with developmentproposals which affect structures in such areas, bothprotected and non-protected. The general objectivefor such areas is to protect them from unsuitable newdevelopments or works that would have a negativeimpact on the amenity or architectural quality of thearea. These areas are considered to be of very highimportance.24.3.1.5 Sites of architectural heritage meritStructures, streetscapes, settings and features, suchas historic furniture, are considered of architecturalheritage merit and have been included in thisbaseline characterisation, even if not protected. Thearchitectural heritage importance of such a featureis considered under the following headings set outin the Architectural Heritage Guidelines for PlanningAuthorities by the DoEHLG, 2004: architectural,historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific,technical, social, vernacular and group. The differentcriteria for assessing each of these categories aredocumented in the Architectural Heritage Guidelinesfor Planning Authorities and have been used to assignimportance in the baseline assessment. For thepurposes of this assessment, sites of architecturalheritage merit are considered to be of high, medium orlow importance under these criteria. The professionalopinion of the specialist also plays an important role inthis assessment.24.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentArchitectural heritage is a unique and irreplaceablematerial asset which is given value by its design,setting, quality of workmanship and use of materials.In this context any change to the architecturalheritage fabric, structure and setting, resulting from592Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGEconstruction and operation activity, may adverselyaffect these sites. Because of this, all architecturalheritage is considered to be of very high sensitivity.24.3.3 Existing adverse effectsArchitectural heritage sites are considered to be ofimportance and of very high sensitivity even in caseswhere there has been damage to their fabric andsetting. Therefore existing adverse effects have notbeen considered.24.3.4 Baseline ratingThe baseline rating of the existing architecturalheritage environment is determined by having regardto the range of criteria which reflect its importance andsensitivity of the baseline environment. The criteriathat have been defined are shown in Table 24.3.24.4 Description of the receivingenvironment24.4.1 Historical backgroundThe subject area for the alignment comprises partof the historic core of Dublin City on the banks ofthe River Liffey. The history of architecture in Dublinis vast, spans over a thousand years and has beeninfluenced by many different cultures, people andevents. It can be divided into five distinct periods ofdevelopment in order to give an overview of the studyarea’s architectural history: Viking and later medievaldevelopment; 16 th and 17 th century development; Neoclassicaldevelopment of the 18 th century; Georgianand Victorian development; and modern development.24.4.1.1 Viking and later medieval developmentThe Vikings settled in Dublin in c. AD841 at theconfluence of the Rivers Poddle and Liffey, takingover two existing Gaelic settlements at Átha Cliathand Dubhlinn. They initially built a longphort whichgradually developed and grew due to its importanceas an Hiberno-Norse commercial port. It is not knownexactly when Dublin became a walled city, thoughit was certainly walled before the Anglo-Normancolonisation of 1171 (Graby and O’Connor, 1993).Sections of this wall remain and are visible in partsof Dublin, e.g. at Back Lane and at St. Audeon’sChurch. The walled city created an interior whichbecame densely developed in contrast to the areaoutside the walls. The study area lies to the eastof this original walled city where there was limitedurban development throughout the medieval period,the character visible today is the result of laterdevelopment. John Speed’s Map of Dublin c. 1610shows the sparse development within the study areaeven by the 17 th century. The only structures depictedhere are the recently established “Colledge” and“Hospitall”. Between them, “Hoggen Green” is notedwhich later became the base for what we know now asCollege Green.The main streets within the city at this time werealong High Street and Castle Street, with WinetavernStreet and Fishamble Street crossing it. These streetsdefined the lines on which Dublin began to be built.Within this area a number of architecturally significantstructures were built and remain, though much altered.There is no surviving architectural heritage from thisperiod lying within the study area. However, thereis documentary and archaeological evidence of anumber of buildings from this period within the studyarea (Casey, 2005).Table 24.3 Criteria for baseline categorisationCRITERIABASELINE RATINgProtected StructuresNational MonumentsAll designated ACAs.All designated CAs.All designated RCAs.Sites of high architectural heritage merit assessed under the criteria of theDoEHLG Architectural Heritage Guidelines.Sites of medium architectural heritage merit assessed under the criteria ofthe DoEHLG Architectural Heritage Guidelines.Sites of low architectural heritage merit assessed under the criteria of theDoEHLG Architectural Heritage Guidelines.Very highHighMediumLowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge593

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGEFurther detail on this period is included in the MaterialAssets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).24.4.1.2 16 th and 17 th century developmentDuring the 16 th and 17 th century the advent of theReformation and the Tudor Conquest of Ireland drovethe development of Dublin, and the narrow medievalstreets became much denser and better definedas infill sites and left over areas were developedintensely in response to population increases. Thegeneral level of building had improved. Oak-framed,plastered and painted buildings replaced the earlier,less durable wicker work. Despite this, none of theseTudor buildings survive in Dublin. Similarly, the originalTCD buildings beside College Green, which existedat this time, have all been replaced (Casey, 2005;Somerville-Large, 1996).It is a similar story for the early 17 th century prior tothe Duke of Ormond’s return. Both the Custom House(located originally below Dame Street on the southbanks of the River Liffey) and Dublin’s first theatreat Werburgh Street were demolished in the years ofrebellion. It was not until the late 17 th century and 18 thcentury that lasting development took place. Again,no 17 th century buildings survive in the study area. Ofmost significance at this time was the formal provisionof public spaces at St. Stephen’s Green and CollegeGreen.St. Stephen’s Green was historically an area ofcommonage. From the 13 th century onwards theGreen was referred to as a “citizens common”. In 1663the City Assembly decided that the common of St.Stephen’s Green could be used to generate incomefor the city. A central area of 27 acres was markedout as a formal recreational space, with the remainingground being let out into 90 building lots. The innerformerly open section of the Green was walled andgated in 1670. The urban layout of the street enclosingthe Green, and the rectangular form of the public parksurvive today, but no physical fabric of the 17 th centuryschemes survives above the ground” (Byrne andMcLoughlin, 2009).24.4.1.3 Neo-classical development of the 18 thcenturyThis was the golden period in the development ofDublin’s architecture and coincided with the treblingof the city’s population and the city’s increasedimportance as a port, a financial and trading centre,and as an important seat of government rivalled onlyby London.The period was driven by two factors. The first wasthe vision of the Duke of Ormond, who continuedthe reclamation of the River Liffey and formation ofthe Quays and who most importantly insisted thatbuildings face onto the river. This move to establishthe river, in lieu of the city walls, as the order-givingelement within the plan, helped to impose a formal,classical order on the city. Allied to this was the workof the Wide Streets Commission (WSC) which helpedto open up areas of the city which had previouslybeen characterised by dark, winding streets such asFleet Lane and Fleet Alley (now Westmoreland Street)(Casey, 2005; Graby and O’Connor, 1993).The second factor was the influence of Palladio andthe associated Neo-classical movement which hadalready flourished in Britain. Indeed, the Neo-classicalstyle took over to such an extent that many of themedieval buildings were refaced and remodelled.This period was lit up by Ireland’s most brilliantarchitects. In 1729, Sir Edward Lovett Pearce createdthe wonderful House of Parliament at College Green,described by the late Arthur Gibney (former presidentof the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland(RIAI)) as “a tangible expression of Irish colonialindependence”. Its beautiful use of dressed Portlandstone with the classical orders became a blueprint forpublic building in Ireland thereafter and it embodiedthe democratic vision of the Palladian movement(Casey, 2005; Graby and O’Connor, 1993).Pearce had set a standard. There were three furtherarchitects of a similar level of importance whoinfluenced Dublin in the later part of the century –Sir William Chambers, Richard Cassels (Castle)and James Gandon. Chambers was responsiblefor much of the new building within TCD (which hadbeen founded by Queen Elizabeth in the 16 th century)including the Chapel and the Theatre. It contains anumber of buildings from this time which similarlyexpress the Palladian influence (Casey, 2005).Richard Cassels who was responsible for manyof Ireland’s great houses (including Powerscourt,Carton and Russborough) was also involved in theredevelopment of TCD (the Printing House) but isperhaps best known for his “townhouse” on KildareStreet, now known as Leinster House and home toDáil Éireann, and the Rotunda Hospital on ParnellStreet (Casey, 2005).The last part of the century was dominated bythe construction of James Gandon’s true riverinemasterpieces, the Custom House and the FourCourts, which exemplify the Palladian style.594Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGEThis period of public building had an inevitableinfluence on residential development in architecture,which boomed at the end of the century and thebeginning of the 19 th century.The Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturalHeritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter23) describes the industrial developments of the RoyalCanal and Midland and Great Western Railway.Detailed information on the industrial archaeologyof this period is included in the Material Assets:Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter ofthis EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).24.4.1.4 Georgian and Victorian developmentThe Georgian development of Dublin in the late18 th century was characterised by the creation of“airspace” within Dublin. Where previously therewere narrow, claustrophobic streets, there were nowformal, wide avenues in the Classical style. The WSChad helped to do this but most important were thehousing developments of the great Georgian squaresof Dublin and the streets that surround them. Thereare five squares of which the first to be built was St.Stephen’s Green. This was followed by Parnell Squaredeveloped by Luke Gardiner who also built HenriettaStreet. On the north side there is also the nearbyMountjoy Square which was built by his son, and isthe only true “square” of Dublin’s Georgian squares,all others being rectangular in plan. The southerndevelopments at Merrion Square and then FitzwilliamSquare were built later and responded to a migrationof the elite from the north side (Casey, 2005).The mid-19 th century saw a decline in the wealth ofDublin as it slipped in strategic importance relativeto the other British cities. Because of this, the greatdevelopments in residential architecture came to astandstill and much of the housing stock was convertedinto tenements. Despite this, Victorian architecturegained a very distinctive and multifarious expressionin this period. The Gothic revival in particular gave riseto some fine churches including Pugin’s St. Augustineand St. John’s, Andrew Heiton’s Abbey PresbyterianChurch on Parnell Square, the Unitarian Church onSt. Stephen’s Green by Charles Lanyon, and JohnSemple’s finest, the “Black Church” (Casey, 2005).The development of new technologies and materialsin the later part of the 19 th century saw the introductionof faïence onto façades such as McKee Barracks andthe Fruit and Vegetable Market and the use of ironand glass by the likes of Robert Mallet and RichardTurner on Pearse Station at Westland Row and thecurvilinear range at Glasnevin Botanical Gardens(Casey, 2005).The period was typified by the continuing developmentof industrial buildings and infrastructure, such as theMGWR, which linked Broadstone Station (within thestudy area) and the midlands. The early 20 th centurysaw the introduction of the electric tram to Dublin’sstreets. Before this time they had been drawn byhorses or steam (1872–1901). The first company to “goelectric” in Dublin was the Dublin United TramwaysCompany (1894–1949) and was so successful that inthe end 14 routes throughout Dublin were established.The electric tram system was closed in 1949 anddismantled in the following years (Casey, 2005;Corcoran, 2008).24.4.1.5 Modern developmentWhile the overall shape and the predominant stylesand forms of the architectural heritage within the studyarea date to the 18 th century and 19 th century, thereare a number of interesting 20 th century buildingswithin it. Of particular note are the rebuilt commercialstructures from the 1920s and 1930s which dominatethe character of O’Connell Street with their strippedClassical style. A notable recent development inO’Connell Street has been the installation of the120m steel spire which is described by its architect asDublin’s “underground cathedral”.24.5 Description and CATEgORISATIONof the baseline environment24.5.1 Summary of the baseline environmentA full listing and description of all architecturalheritage sites located within the study area is shown inTables 24.5 (Area 29) and 24.6 (Area 30). A summaryof all sites is shown in Table 24.4. The site locationsare depicted and illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS.The great variety of architecture at this time isexemplified by the wonderful Museum building in TCDby Deane and Woodward which combines a variety ofstyles and stone types in the beautiful carvings of theO‘Shea brothers (Casey, 2005).Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge595

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.4 Summary of the baseline environmentSITE TypeNational MonumentsProtected StructuresArchitectural ConservationAreas (ACAs)Conservation Areas (CAs)andResidential Conservation Area(RCAs)Sites of architecturalheritage meritSuMMARy OF the BASELINE ENVIRONMENTFour architectural heritage sites which comprise either a NationalMonument on its own or a National Monument and a Protected Structuretogether have been identified within the study area. These are named,located and described as shown in Table 24.5.270 architectural heritage sites which comprise one or more ProtectedStructure have been identified within the study area. These are named,located and described as shown in Tables 24.5 and 24.6.Sections of the following three ACAs have been identified within the studyarea (the extents of which are described as shown in Table 24.5 andillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 ofthis EIS and DCDP maps):The O’Connell Street ACAThe Grafton Street and Environs ACAThe South City Retail Quarter ACASections of the following six designated CAs have been identified withinthe study area (the extents of which are described as shown in Tables24.5 and 24.6 and illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps):Grafton Street CAThe River Liffey and its quays is a designated CAParnell Square CADominick Street Lower CABroadstone CAThe Royal Canal CAAdditionally, sections of RCA (Z2 zoning) have been identified withinthe study area (the extents of which are illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps).118 architectural heritage sites which comprise features and structures ofarchitectural merit but which do not have statutory protection have beenidentified within the study area. These are named, located and describedas shown in Tables 24.5 and 24.6.24.5.2 Description of the baseline environment24.5.2.1 Area 29: St. Stephen’s Green to formerBroadstone railway cuttingSt. Stephen’s GreenThe name St. Stephen’s Green originates around the13 th century when a church called St. Stephen’s, witha leper hospital attached, was situated in that area.Around this time the area was a marshy piece ofcommon ground, which extended as far as the RiverDodder and was used by the citizens of the city forgrazing livestock. In 1663 the city assembly decidedthat the plot of ground could be used to generateincome for the city and a central area of 27 acres wasmarked out which would define the park boundary, withthe remaining ground being let out into 90 building lots.Rent generated was to be used to build walls and pavingaround the Green. In 1670 the first paid gardenerswere hired to tend to the park. The Green became aparticularly fashionable place during the 18 th century,owing mainly to the opening of Grafton Street in 1708and Dawson Street in 1723 and the construction ofdesirable properties in and around this area.However, by the 19 th century the condition of thepark had deteriorated to such an extent that theperimeter wall was broken and many trees were foundto be in bad condition around the park. In 1814 localcommissioners representing the local householderswere handed control of the park. They replaced thebroken wall with ornate Victorian railings and set about596Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGEplanting more trees and shrubs in the park. New walkswere also constructed to replace the formal pathspreviously found in the park.In 1877 Sir Arthur Guinness, later known asLord Ardilaun, offered to buy the Green from thecommission and return it to the public. He paid off thepark’s debts and secured an Act which ensured thatthe park would be managed by the Commissioners ofPublic Works, now the Office of Public Works (OPW).Sir Arthur’s next objective was to landscape the parkwhich would provide an oasis of peace and tranquilityin the city. After three years of construction work thepark reopened its gates on 27 th of July 1880.On Easter Monday 1916, the Irish Citizen Armyattempted to overthrow the governing British powersin Dublin by taking control of strategically importantsites around the city. Rebels under the commandof Michael Mallin and Countess Markiewicz seizedcontrol of St. Stephen’s Green. Trenches were dugaround the perimeter of the park, and the glasshousewas used as a First Aid station. Evidence of thefighting can be found on the Fusiliers’ Arch at thenorthwest entrance to the park, where bullet holes canstill be seen to this day on the structure.This area falls within both a CA and an ACA, asillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table24.5. There are c. 24 further architectural heritageconstraints located within the study area at thislocation which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include St. Stephen’s Green Park (AH10,AH11 and AH12) which is a National Monument ofinternational importance, Royal Dublin Fusiliers’Arch (AH13) which is part of the St. Stephen’s GreenNational Monument, Lady Grattan’s Fountain andtwo horse troughs (AH14) and a number of Georgianhouses (AH15–AH32) facing onto St. Stephen’s GreenNorth.Dawson StreetDawson Street was built as the main street within the“new suburb” by Joshua Dawson between 1705 and1728. In this period the street was lined with brickhouses, however very few of these survive. Otherstructures remaining from this original period areDawson’s house, now the Mansion House and St.Ann’s Church. Larger houses replaced the originalbrick ones in the latter part of the 18 th century. Thestreet has been altered further since the late 19 thcentury resulting in a mix of various architecturalforms, some grouped and others with more individualexpression.This area falls within both a CA and an ACA, asillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table24.5. There are c. 51 further architectural heritageconstraints located within the study area at thislocation which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include “The Mansion House” (AH33)which is the oldest (1710) free-standing house in thecity, St. Ann’s Church (AH34) and the former NorthBritish Assurance Company Bank (AH35) which wasbuilt in 1900.Nassau StreetNassau Street was formerly known as St. Patrick’sWell Lane after a well (AC20 in ArchaeologicalBaseline Categorisation) that was present within thegrounds of where TCD stands today. It was renamedin the 18 th century after the accession to the throne ofKing William III, a member of the House of Orange-Nassau. It was at this time that Nassau Street camewithin the area of the Joshua Dawson Estate. It formsthe northern-most boundary to the estate and wasdeveloped in the early 18 th century due to its importantlocation at the junction between Dawson Street andTCD. Its character is defined by the distinctive stoneboundary and railings to TCD on the north as wellas the buildings on its southern edge, many of whichhave been altered substantially.This area falls within both a CA and partly within anACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline ArchitecturalHeritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shownin Table 24.5. There are c. 4 further architecturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis location which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include the curving stone wall and highdecorative cast iron railings enclosing TCD (AH105).Grafton StreetGrafton Street was named after the 1 st Duke ofGrafton, who was the owner of property in thesurrounding area. It was originally a country lane, butwas widened and developed by the Dawson familyin 1708 and completed in 1727. There was always acombination of both residential and commercial uses.It was largely rebuilt at the end of the 18 th century andthen again in 1841. Today the street is a contemporaryshopping destination with associated shop fronts.This area falls within both a CA and within an ACA, asillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table24.5. There are c. 15 further architectural heritageconstraints located within the study area at thisEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge597

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGElocation which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include the former Commercial UnionInsurance Company (AH100) building dating to 1885and the Provost’s House dating to 1759 (AH103)including its boundary walls, gate piers and gates.College GreenThe space has altered many times through its history.Originally it was “Hoggen Green” and was triangularin shape, different to its current layout. When DameStreet was widened in the 1780s the space wasincreased in size. The classical, democratic characterof its architecture has made the place a naturalassembly point, though this has been affected by theheavy traffic here.It is described by Christine Casey (2005, 377) as“a grand and exhilarating public space framed by theclassical façades of the former Parliament House andTrinity College, and dramatized by rhetorical bronzestatues of national political and literary heroes”.The buildings that enclose it represent some of thefinest architecture in Ireland and create a trapezoidalenclosure now populated mainly by traffic. To its eastis TCD which is an extraordinary building complex setwithin the enclosing walls on to College Street, CollegeGreen, Nassau Street, Pearse Street and WestlandRow. Arthur Gibney has described it as “the mostperfect ensemble of 18 th century collegiate buildings inBritain or Ireland” (Graby and O’Connor, 1993).This area falls within both a CA and partly within anACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline ArchitecturalHeritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shownin Table 24.5. There are c. 9 further architecturalheritage constraints (some of international importance)located within the study area at this location which aredescribed in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notablearchitectural heritage constraints located here includestatues of Oliver Goldsmith and Edmund Burke(AH104), the west front of TCD, including Regent’sHouse, and all enclosing architecture of TCD campus(AH105 and AH106), the Henry Grattan statue andassociated lamp standards (AH107) and the Bank ofIreland (AH108).College StreetCollege Street is characterised by the buildings on itsnorthern side, such as the former Scottish Widowsbuilding in sandstone and the Westin Hotel containingthe façade of the former Provincial Bank dating to1868 and on its southern side by the distinctive TCDboundary wall and railings. The street has an islandin it containing a set of underground Victorian toiletsmentioned in Ulysses (and commemorated on aplaque) and a statue of Thomas Moore by ChristopherMoore from 1857.This area falls within both a CA and partly within anACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline ArchitecturalHeritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shownin Table 24.5. There are c. 14 further architecturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis location which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include the Thomas Moore monument(AH109), the Scottish Widows Insurance building of1875 (AH111), the former Provincial Bank (now theWestin Hotel) of 1868 (AH113) D’Olier Chambers(AH150) and Pearse Street Garda Station (AH122).Hawkins StreetHawkins Street links College Street with Burgh Quayand has been substantially rebuilt in the 20 th century(particularly along its eastern side) with the rear ofthe Bord Gáis building facing on to it, along with theimposing concrete frame of Hawkins House and theScreen Cinema by Henry J. Lyons. It also has theSheahan Memorial located at its north end.This area falls partly within a CA and partly within anACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline ArchitecturalHeritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shownin Table 24.5. There are c. 6 further architecturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis location which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include D’Olier Chambers dating toc. 1891 (AH150), the Dublin Gaslight Building tothe rear of the Bord Gáis building (AH154) and theSheahan Memorial (AH159).Westmoreland StreetThe area of Westmoreland Street was reclaimedduring the 17 th century previously consisting oftidal marsh land. The street itself was developed inthe late 1790s as part of a building project (WSC)which sought to improve and revitalise the city. Thisdevelopment saw the destruction of many olderbuildings and streets. It was the original intention ofthe designer, Henry Aaron Baker, to widen the streetfurther than it is and to flank it with terraces and Doriccolonnades. It was named after John Fane, 10 th Earlof Westmoreland and Lord Lieutenant from 1790 and1794.This area falls within both a CA and within an ACA, asillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table24.5. There are c. 28 further architectural heritageconstraints located within the study area at this598Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGElocation which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include the former Bewley’s buildingslocated at 10–12 Westmoreland Street (AH131, AH132and AH133), two of which are in the Ruskinian styleand date to 1867, the former Liverpool and LancashireInsurance Company building dating to 1898 (AH140),the former Pearl Insurance building of 1936 (AH147)and the Scottish Widows Insurance building of 1875(AH149).O’Connell Bridge and the Liffey QuaysThe original bridge was designed by James Gandonand commissioned by the WSC. This bridge wascompleted in 1795 and was named “Carlisle Bridge”for the then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – FrederickHoward, 5 th Earl of Carlisle. In 1880 “Carlisle Bridge”was trebled in width to match O’Connell Street, itshump was removed by the engineer Bindon BloodStoney and it was renamed after Daniel O’Connell,whose statue stands nearby. It is animated withornamental Portland stone, spandrels, balustradesand parapets with Riverine heads and cast iron lampstandards (Casey, 2005). In recent years the lamps onthe central island have been restored. The keystonehead on the bridge was sculpted by Edward Smyth torepresent the River Liffey.West and east of O’Connell Bridge are the quays:Aston Quay, Burgh Quay, Bachelors Walk and EdenQuay. The Liffey Quays are characterised by the quaywalls themselves which date to the 18 th century and19 th century, the terraced buildings fronting the riverwhich enclose the river space and the bridges along itwhich animate the view.“The Aston Quay range is a rare instance in Dublin ofa unified quay frontage, here with pilaster strips to theupper floors and a continuous entablature below theattic storey” (Casey, 2005). The quay was developedc. 1680 by Major Henry Aston from an earlier quaywall by William Hawkins c. 1660 (the quay is noted insome places as Hawkins Quay). The quay was thentotally reconstructed in the mid-18 th century, thoughnone of this 18 th century building stock survives(Casey, 2005).Burgh Quay was not established until just into the19 th century (1805–1809). The quay was originallythe most eastern part of Aston Quay but had becomeisolated from it. The WSC’s opening of WestmorelandStreet and D’Olier Street presented an opportunity toredevelop the quay. The quay was developed underthe auspices of the WSC “… who ensured stock brickfronts, even fenestration and parapet levels, and evenachieved a number of arcaded granite shop fronts …”(Casey, 2005). Burgh Quay is named after MargaretAmelia Burgh, wife of John Foster, who was the lastspeaker of the Irish House of Commons (Casey, 2005).Charles Brooking’s map of 1728 shows for the firsttime this area reclaimed to its current extent andannotates the quay as “Batchelour’s Walke”. Thisname is thought to have been derived from the ownerof a property here, by the name of “Batchelor”. Someterraced houses dating to the early 18 th century, with anumber of later additions, line the quay today (Casey,2005).“Eden Quay is characterized by a mixture of post-1916 rebuilding and a handful of decent 19 th centurysurvivals” (Casey, 2005). It was planned c. 1790 bythe WSC in order to connect Bachelors Walk withthe new Custom House further east. The quay wasconstructed soon after that, in the early 19 th centuryand this construction coincided with the buildingof O’Connell (then Carlisle) Bridge which limitednavigation to the west of Eden Quay. This assisted thedevelopment of Eden Quay by making it a significantarea for docking. Building on Eden Quay continueduntil the late 1820s and “… unusually all the quaysidebuildings appear to have had stone arcaded shopfronts, an expense offset in some instances by theWSC …” (Casey, 2005). The only surviving edificefrom this period is the front façade of the formerMercantile Steam Packet Company building of 1829,visible on the corner with Marlborough Street. EdenQuay is named after the Chief Secretary of 1790–1792, the Rt. Hon. William Eden (Casey, 2005).This area falls partly within a CA and partly within anACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline ArchitecturalHeritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shownin Table 24.5. There are c. 5 further architecturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis location which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include O’Connell Bridge (AH162) andthe 18 th century and 19 th century quays to either sideof O’Connell Bridge (AH160, AH161, AH165 andAH166).O’Connell Street Lower and O’Connell Street UpperO’Connell Street is in the general location of a shorter18 th century street called “Drogheda Street”, which inthe mid-18 th century was renamed “Sackville Street”after Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1 st Duke of Dorset andLord Lieutenant of Ireland. This street was significantlywidened during the mid-18 th century and developedas an elongated square or mall stretching as far asHenry Street. The mall was then extended, c. 1785,all the way to the River Liffey where Carlisle BridgeEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge599

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE(now O’Connell Bridge) was constructed. “SackvilleStreet” became the first “boulevard” street on theseislands, earlier than Regent Street in London andeven Haussmann’s great avenues of Paris. Thisthoroughfare was renamed in 1924 in honour ofDaniel O’Connell, the early 19 th century nationalistleader. It now forms part of a grand spatial link throughthe centre of the city created in the 18 th centurycomprising Carlisle Bridge (now O’Connell Bridge),Westmoreland Street, College Green and DameStreet terminating at City Hall and Dublin Castle.The buildings along the street were largely rebuiltin the early 20 th century in the wake of substantialdestruction caused during the War of Independenceand the Civil War. The western side of O’ConnellStreet Upper still conforms to the original 18 th centuryplot widths and retains some of its older fabric.O’Connell Street was the stage for several importantevents in Irish history including one of the 1913 DublinLockout gatherings, the 1916 Easter Rising, the IrishCivil War of 1922, the destruction of Nelson‘s Pillar in1966 and numerous public celebrations, protests anddemonstrations. The street continues to be used asa place of both protest and celebration. It is the mainroute of the St. Patrick’s Day Parade and the settingfor the annual 1916 Easter Rising Commemoration.This area falls partly within a CA and partly within anACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline ArchitecturalHeritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shownin Table 24.5. There are c. 71 further architecturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis location which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated on O’Connell Street Lower include a verylarge number of stripped Neo-classical buildingsdating to c. 1917 (e.g. AH206 and AH212), the GeneralPost Office (GPO) dating to 1814 (AH198), theO’Connell Monument (AH236) and the William SmithO’Brien Monument (A235) both of which are NationalMonuments, the Sir John Gray Monument (AH237)and the James Larkin statue (AH239).Notable architectural heritage constraints located onO’Connell Street Upper include the Savoy Cinema(AH207), the Gresham Hotel (AH209), Nos. 37 and38 O’Connell Street (AH213 and AH214), the formerCarlton Cinema (AH219), the former Pillar Theatre(AH225), the former Royal Bank (AH226), the formerStandard Life Assurance Company building datingto 1861 (AH228), the Spire Monument (AH234), theFather Mathew Monument (AH232) and the ParnellMonument along with four Victorian-era cast ironbollards (AH233) which are designated as a NationalMonument.Marlborough StreetMarlborough Street is named after the Duke ofMarlborough, though it was for a time called “TyroneStreet” (after Richard Cassels’ Tyrone House whichis located on it). It formed the eastern boundary of theJervis Estate in the early 18 th century and retains anumber of its original Georgian houses as well as St.Thomas’s Church and, most importantly, St. Mary‘sPro-Cathedral.This area falls partly within an ACA and a smallportion of its southern end also falls within a CA, asillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table24.5. There are c. 57 further architectural heritageconstraints located within the study area at thislocation which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include the Seaman’s Institute (AH242)dating to c. 1925, Eden House (AH243), St. Mary’sPro-Cathedral (AH275), the Department of Educationbuildings (AH250–AH251), the former Collegeof Domestic Economy (AH260–AH266) and St.Thomas’s Church (AH244).Parnell StreetParnell Street was originally named “BallyboughLane” and was later known as “Great Britain Street”.It was split into plots, along with Parnell Square whichwas part of the Gardiner Estate, in 1720 and wasfully developed with houses along it by the 1750s.However, very little of this original fabric from the18 th century survives. The street does have someinteresting early-Victorian public houses along theeastern end as well as having the important RotundaHospital on its northern side.This area falls partly within a CA and partly within anACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline ArchitecturalHeritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shownin Table 24.5. There are c. 35 further architecturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis location which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraintslocated here include the Rotunda Hospital (AH299–AH301), Parnell Mooney’s licensed premises (AH306)and Conway’s Pub (AH305) both dating to c. 1870.Dominick Street Lower and UpperThe land for Dominick Street Lower was sold in lotsby the widow of Sir Christopher Dominick in the mid-18 th century. The street was neglected in the mid-20 th century and only 10 of the original 66 Georgianhouses survive. These houses were developed by thestuccodor Robert West and contain some of the finestplasterwork in Dublin. The influence of the LeFranchini600Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGEBrothers and Cramillion is strong, particularly in thestunning plaster work of No. 20.Dominick Street Upper, is characterised by morerecent 20 th century and 21 st century additions. Partsof the 19 th century terrace remain at its northeasternend though the street has been badly broken up byinappropriate demolitions.This area falls partly within a CA, as illustrated onmaps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included inBook 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. Thereare c. 27 further architectural heritage constraintslocated within the study area at this location which aredescribed in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Significantsites located on Dominick Street Lower includeSt. Saviour’s Dominican Church (AH337) dating to1861, St. Saviour’s Priory (AH338) and 10 Georgianhouses which all have interior Rococo plasterwork,No. 20 Dominick Street Lower (AH332) having interiorplasterwork of particular note by stuccodor RobertWest.Western WayThis area has undergone substantial alteration fromthe predominantly rural character visible on Duncan’sMap of 1821. The 1 st Edition Ordnance Survey of1838 depicts the eastern section of the road whichwould later be named as Western Way and FosterAqueduct which carried the canal over ConstitutionHill. The aqueduct was removed in 1951 to assist roadwidening in the area and Western Way was laid out inits current form at this time.This area does not fall within either a CA or an ACA. Anotable architectural heritage constraint located withinthe study area at Western Way is the curved stonewalls enclosing Western Way (AH358).Constitution Hill and BroadstoneThe construction of the Royal Canal and moreparticularly the Broadstone Branch and Harbour wasan impetus to residential development in this area.The Royal Canal was commissioned in 1789 and aharbour built within Broadstone which was connectedto the main Royal Canal at Phibsborough via a canalspur (Broadstone Branch). Construction of the branchline commenced in 1796 but it was 10 years beforeBroadstone Harbour was opened. The harbour’slocation was chosen for its proximity to the marketsand the law courts. The area subsequently becamea hive of industry with many hotels and inns and thetrade boats using the wharfage and stores at theharbour and by 1900 this former semi-rural village hadbecome a burgeoning city suburb.Much of this growth was stimulated by the arrival ofthe MGWR in 1845. The railway cutting to the north ofthe former Broadstone station terminal building wascreated to accommodate this new line. John SkiptonMulvany was the architect of the new railway terminalbuilding which was built at the crest of ConstitutionHill in 1850. The building faces south and its façadesare of a classic Neo-Egyptian style. The adjoiningbuildings are also of interest. The passenger shedroofs were designed by the ironmaster Richard Turner,however, following their collapse in 1847 a new roofwas designed and constructed by G.W. Hemans. Thecab shed added in 1961 was designed by GeorgeWilkinson (Casey, 2005).Maurice Craig says of the design of the formerBroadstone station terminal building “it is hard topraise it too highly ... the great, pylon-like block ofthe main building arrests and holds the eye thento the right the seemingly interminable colonnadecarries the imagination towards the flat bogland of theCentral Plain ... it stands on arising ground, and thetraveller who sees it for the first time, so unexpectedin its massive amplitude, feels a little as he might ifhe were to stumble unawares upon the monstroussilences of Karnak or Luxor” (O’Connor, 1993).However, the building and, in particular, its settinghave been altered somewhat since its completion.Originally, the Broadstone Branch of the RoyalCanal extended in front of the building to BroadstoneHarbour formerly located in the forecourt of the BusÁtha Cliath Phibsborough Garage. This canal spurwas carried over Phibsborough Road/Constitution Hillby a massive Neo-Egyptian style aqueduct (FosterAqueduct). The aqueduct was removed in 1951to facilitate road widening (though a section of itswestern retaining wall still survives to the south of thesteps up to the former Broadstone station terminalbuilding).This area falls partly within a CA, as illustrated onmaps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included inBook 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. Thereare c. 5 further architectural heritage constraintslocated within the study area at this location which aredescribed in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notablearchitectural heritage constraints located here includebuildings and features lying within the curtilage of theformer Broadstone station terminal building includingsurrounding boundary/retaining walls (AH361).Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge601

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE24.5.2.2 Area 30: Former Broadstone railwaycutting to BroombridgeFormer MGWR cutting, North Circular Road, CabraRoad and Fassaugh RoadThe MGWR railway was commenced in 1845 andultimately linked Galway with Broadstone RailwayTerminus. A significant railway cutting bounded bystone retaining and boundary walls running north fromBroadstone Railway Terminus contained the railwayline at a low level. The cutting dates to c. 1846 and itcomprises two sets of dressed limestone boundary/retaining walls. The line and railway terminus atBroadstone were closed in 1937.The North Circular Road is a curved thoroughfare laidout in the 1780s which connected the Phoenix Parkwith the Liffey docks. It contains a mix of architecturalheritage with a number of earlier rural estates nowjoined by a number of more recent suburban style andurban terraced housing. The road is carried over theformer MGWR cutting by a single-span, rusticatedlimestone bridge built c. 1846.Cabra Road is a mainly residential street with anumber of 19 th century terraces. The road is carriedover the former MGWR cutting (described previously)by a single-span, rusticated limestone bridge builtc. 1846.Fassaugh Road is an east–west artery to the north ofthe Cabra Road with almost exclusively 20 th centurybuildings along it. It is carried across the MGWRcutting by the more recent Fassaugh Road bridge andexecuted in concrete. This bridge replaces an earlierbridge probably in limestone and contemporaneousto the bridges located at Cabra Road and the NorthCircular Road.The Royal Canal and Broombridge RoadA section of the Royal Canal falls within the study areabetween Mount Bernard Park and Broombridge Road.The canal includes its stone walls, the locks along itas well as the tow path to one side. It was constructedbetween 1790–1817 and, like the MGWR, whom thecanal was sold to in 1845, was built for the purpose ofconnecting Dublin with the west. The area adjacent tothe alignment and canal here is characterised by the20 th century council housing and industrial sheds.This area falls partly within a RCA (Z2 Zoning) andpartly within the Royal Canal CA, as illustrated onmaps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included inBook 4 of this EIS. There are two further architecturalheritage constraints located within the study area atthis location, the former Great Southern and WesternRailway (GSWR) twin-arch masonry tunnel (AH387)and Broombridge canal and railway overbridge(AH388), which are described in detail as shown inTable 24.6.24.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environmentThe results of the baseline categorisation for Area 29are summarised as shown in Table 24.5 and for Area30 in Table 24.6. The location and, where relevant,the extents of these sites are illustrated on maps(Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 ofthis EIS.This area falls partly within a RCA (Z2 Zoning), asillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS. There are c. 22 furtherarchitectural heritage constraints located within thestudy area at this location which are described indetail as shown in Table 24.6. Notable architecturalheritage constraints located here include the formerMGWR cutting and its associated boundary/retainingwalls (AH364), two stone bridges of c. 1846 by theMGWR spanning the cutting at North Circular Road(AH369) and Cabra Road (AH378), a terrace of 19 thcentury houses running parallel to the cutting at St.Peter’s Avenue (AH372), and a number of 19 th centuryhouses on the North Circular Road and Cabra Roadsome of which are built into or against the stoneretaining walls of the former MGWR cutting (e.g.AH366 and AH367).602Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 Baseline categorisation:Area 29 St. Stephen’s Green to the former Broadstone railway cuttingAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Grafton Street areaGrafton Street and Environs ACAAH1ACATerraced residential and commercial properties, their settings,street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent ofthe ACA within the study area is illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDPmaps. It includes the northern side of the western end sectionof St. Stephen’s Green North, the western side of the southernterminal of Dawson Street, the southern side of the westernterminal of Nassau Street and the western side of the northernend section of Grafton Street.Very highLocation: South Great George’s Street to Dawson Street areaThe South City Retail Quarter ACATerraced residential and commercial properties, their settings,street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent ofthe ACA within the study area is illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDPmaps. It includes the majority of Dawson Street except for itssouthern and northern terminals, the eastern terminal of SuffolkStreet and a small area on the southern side of College Green.AH2ACAVery highLocation: O’Connell Street areaO’Connell Street ACATerraced residential and commercial properties, their settings,street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent ofthe ACA within the study area is illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDPmaps. It includes the northern side of College Street, the majorityof Westmoreland Street, the western side of Hawkins Street,the eastern end section of Burgh Quay, the western end sectionof Aston Quay, O’Connell Bridge, the eastern end section ofBachelors Walk, the western end section of Eden Quay, O’ConnellStreet Lower and Upper, the western side and parts of the easternside of Marlborough Street and part of Parnell Street betweenits junction with North Great Georges Street and Parnell SquareWest.AH3ACAVery highLocation: Grafton Street AreaGrafton Street CATerraced residential and commercial properties, their settings,street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent ofthe CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDPmaps. It includes St. Stephen’s Green Park, St. Stephen’sGreen West and North, Dawson Street, Nassau Street, TCD, thenorthern end section of Grafton Street, College Green, CollegeStreet, the western terminal of Pearse Street and the southernend section of Westmoreland Street.AH4CAVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge603

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: River Liffey and its QuaysRiver Liffey and Quays CAAH5CAAll of the quays, bridges and buildings facing the river,including Bachelors Walk, Burgh, Eden and Aston Quays. Theestablishment of riverside quays with buildings facing onto theriver was the single most important intervention in shaping thecity. Today the character of the quays is defined by the existinghistoric fabric, new build, the height and setting of buildings,the quays, bridges and port area, the curving nature of the riverand the vistas which emerge along its course. The extent ofthe CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDPmaps. It includes the northern end section of WestmorelandStreet, the northern terminal of Hawkins Street, the western endsection of Burgh Quay, the eastern end section of Aston Quay,O’Connell Bridge, the eastern end section of Bachelors Walk, thewestern end section of Eden Quay and the southern terminal ofMarlborough Street.Very highLocation: O’Connell Street and Parnell Square areaO’Connell Street and Parnell Square CATerraced residential and commercial properties, their settings,street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent ofthe CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDPmaps. It includes O’Connell Street Lower and Upper and thesection of Parnell Street between its junction with Parnell SquareEast and Parnell Square West.AH6CAVery highLocation: Dominick Street LowerDominick Street Lower CATerraced residential properties with a number of social housingcomplexes and vacant site. This part of Dominick Street retainspart of one of the finest Georgian terraces in Dublin and containsa number of houses with unique plasterwork interiors. The extentof the CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (BaselineArchitectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDPmaps. It includes only the northern end section of Dominick StreetLower.AH7CAVery highLocation: BroadstoneBroadstone CAThis is a small area and is dominated by Mulvany’s BroadstoneRailway Terminus. The extent of the CA within the study area isillustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included inBook 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It encompasses the southernfront elevation of the former Broadstone Railway Terminus and asmall scallop-shaped area to the south of this building.AH8CAVery high604Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: The Royal CanalThe Royal Canal CAThe canal includes its stone walls, the locks along it as wellas the tow path to one side. It was constructed between1790–1817 and, like the MGWR, to whom the canal wassold to in 1845, was built for the purpose of connectingDublin with the west. The extent of the CA within the studyarea is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage)included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includesthe section of canal between Prospect Cemetery andBroombridge.AH9CAVery highLocation: St. Stephen’s GreenSt. Stephen’s GreenSt. Stephen’s Green is a square Georgian landscaped parksurrounded by former Georgian residences on four sideswith historical landscape and features contained within.This site is a National Monument including all of thelandscape features within the perimeter. The NationalMonument also includes the railings, gates, plinth walls,granite kerbs and pavements comprising the perimeterboundary of St. Stephen’s Green Park (AH11) as well as thesurrounding bollards (AH12) and the Fusiliers’ Arch (AH13).Note: Refer also to AC2 in the Material Assets: Archaeologyand Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 23).AH10NationalMonumentRMPDU018-020334Very highLocation: St. Stephen’s GreenRailings, gates, plinth walls, granite kerbs andpavements of perimeter boundary on St. Stephen’sGreenThe railings and gates are aligned with those erected inc. 1818 which replace the earlier brick wall. Much of therailings were reconstituted during repair works in morerecent years. The railings consist of round wrought-ironuprights set on a plain low plinth wall of granite, with cast ordrop-forged spear-head finials with spiked guards between.According to the recent historic landscaping report on St.Stephen‘s Green by Lotts Architecture, “no record survivesof the original surface material surrounding the Green, butit is probable that this was gravel or hoggin. It was replacedin the early 20 th century with concrete. This was upgradedin 2002 with granite kerbs and paving of good quality, andtrees were planted within circles cut into the paving. Nohistoric paving survives” (Byrne and McLoughlin, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC2 in the Material Assets: Archaeologyand Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 23).AH11Part of NationalMonumentRMPDU018-020334RPS 7927Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge605

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: St. Stephen’s GreenSurrounding bollards and traditional style lamp postsComprises granite type bollards, iron type bollards andthree different lamp standard types.“The promenades must be seen as a part of the landscapedesign of St. Stephen’s Green and are also protected underthe National Monuments designation of the park. Althoughouter promenades existed in the formal square of the 18 thcentury, the present configuration with bollards dates tothe period after 1814. This consists of a row of octagonalWicklow granite bollards set into the kerb, the angled facesdiminishing at the base to form a square plan. During thepaving works in the 1990s the bollards on the north, westand the northern two-thirds of the east side were replacedwith replicas, and the surviving intact bollards werearranged on the south side and at the Leeson Street end ofthe east side. The bollards terminate with cast iron finialsand loops to take chains which were not retained. The castiron fittings have been reused from the original bollards.The bollards have been interrupted at the late 19 th centurycorner entrances, and more recently at the Luas stop atthe northern part of the west side. No record survives ofthe original surface material surrounding the Green, but itis probable that this was gravel or hoggin. It was replacedin the early 20 th century with concrete. This was upgradedin 2002 with granite paving of good quality, and trees wereplanted within circles cut into the paving. No historic pavingsurvives.Lantern-style lamp standards, first introduced as gaslightsin 1824, survive within this scheme having fluted uprightsand bases bearing the coat of arms of Dublin and the imprintof the Hammond foundry, Dublin” (Byrne and McLoughlin,2009).Note: Refer also to AC2 in the Materials Assets:Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of thisEIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).AH12Part of NationalMonument RMPDU018-020334RPS 7928Very high606Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: St. Stephen’s GreenRoyal Dublin Fusiliers’ ArchA memorial arch located on the northwest corner of St.Stephen’s Green Park. The arch is orientated at an anglefacing Grafton Street. It includes decorative railings, with asemi-circular area of stone setts to the front. The arch datesto c. 1907 and is by Howard Pentland of OPW.“The Fusiliers’ Arch is a triumphal arch built of pale greygranite to commemorate the Irish Guards and RoyalDublin Fusiliers who fell in the Second Anglo-Boer War of1899–1902. The central opening is a round-headed archwith inscribed soffit, plain keystone and moulded archivoltresting on a reeded impost over a high rusticated base.The entablature with inscribed frieze breaks forward overpaired Doric pilasters flanking the archway on rusticatedpedestals. A high blocking course surmounted by afurther cornice breaks forward above the pilasters witha framed rectangular inscribed plaque over the archway.The triumphal arch which formed the carriage entrance isflanked by a screen of four rusticated piers on either side,holding flanking pedestrian gates and ironwork panels ongranite plinths. There are two iron bollards set on the parkside of the arch to prevent traffic entering the park” (Byrneand McLoughlin, 2009).Note: Refer also to AC2 in the Materials Assets:Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of thisEIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).AH13Part of NationalMonumentRMPDU018-020334Very highLocation: St. Stephen’s Green NorthAH14 RPS 7929Lady Grattan Fountain and two horse troughsA stone fountain and horse trough (facing Dawson Street)which is also known as the Lady Laura Grattan Monument.“This monument stands on the north side of the Greenat the junction to Dawson Street. It comprises of a smallGothic-style cross on a quatrefoil shaft of polished granitewith a drinking fountain around a circular base bearingan inscription, standing on a low octagonal plinth. It waspresented to the Corporation and Citizens of Dublin by LadyLaura Grattan in 1880. The monument is flanked by twogranite drinking troughs of chamfered detail standing on lowsupports. The troughs appear to have been relocated fromanother location and the present arrangement is not historic,the westernmost trough being further removed due to apedestrian crossing” (Byrne and McLoughlin, 2009).Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge607

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 51A Grafton StreetGeorgian BuildingAH15WithinACA, CANo. 51A Grafton Street is a three-bayed, corner building with threestoreys over a shop (currently Butlers). The building has paintedbrickwork with rendered window linings and quoins and is of 19 thcentury date. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 1 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian BuildingNo. 1 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storeyGeorgian building over a ground floor retail unit (currently Reiss)with a brick façade. The building is of 19 th century date and doesnot have a basement. The building was rebuilt c. 1970s. Thearchitect is unknown.AH16WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 2 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian BuildingNo. 2 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storeyGeorgian building over a ground floor retail unit (currentlyPermanent TSB). The building was rebuilt c. 1970s. Its brickfaçade has been refaced, has stuck-on windows and is fitted witha modern shop front. The building has a basement comprised ofmasonry and brickwork that does not extend beyond the mainbuilding line. The architect is unknown.AH17WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 3 St. Stephen’s Green NorthAH18 RPS 7932AH19 RPS 7933Georgian BuildingNo. 3 St. Stephen’s Green North is a four-storey, two-bayGeorgian building with a brick façade and granite detailing at theeaves and cornice (currently Oasis) built c. 1850s. It features anearly 20 th century oriel window, possibly added for the DublinBread Company’s refreshment rooms in 1910, and large firstfloor drawing rooms with plasterwork. It is the former premisesof Dublin ironsmith Richard Turner. The building does not have abasement. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 4 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian BuildingNo. 4 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storeybuilding over a retail premises (currently Insomnia) with a brownbrick façade rebuilt c. 1820, a top-lit stair hall, early 19 th centuryjoinery, reeded cornices and chimney pieces. It comprises part ofthe renowned former premises of Dublin ironsmith Richard Turner.The building has a cellar built of solid brick and stone that extendsc. 1m from the building line. The architect is unknown.Very highVery high608Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 5 St. Stephen’s Green NorthAH20 RPS 7934AH21 RPS 7935AH22 RPS 7936AH23 RPS 7937Georgian BuildingNo. 5 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storeybuilding over a retail premises (currently Coast) with a brown brickfaçade rebuilt c. 1820, a top-lit stair hall, early 19 th century joinery,reeded cornices and chimney pieces. It comprises part of therenowned former premises of Dublin ironsmith Richard Turner.The building has a cellar built from solid brick masonry. The cellarextends c. 2m from the front elevation. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 6 St. Stephen’s Green NorthShop/Offices (19 th century building)No. 6 St. Stephen’s Green North is a brick terraced buildingcontaining a shop and offices. It was rebuilt by Sir Thomas Drewfor Robert Smith in 1867–1870. “A canted bay links Nos. 6 and 7St. Stephen’s Green North (AH22) creating the impression of afour-storey Ruskinian Gothic tower imbedded among Georgianneighbours” (Casey, 2005). It currently contains Topshop alongwith No. 7 St. Stephen’s Green North. The building has a cellarmade with a concrete frame that extends c. 1m in front of thebuilding line.Location: No. 7 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian BuildingNo. 7 St. Stephen’s Green North is a three-bay, four-storeybuilding rebuilt by Robert Smith in 1830 and currently containing ashop and offices. It has an elegant five-bay granite shop front andbrick upper façade. It currently contains Topshop along with No. 6St. Stephen’s Green North (AH21). The cellar of the building has aconcrete frame and extends c. 1m from the building line.Location: No. 8 St. Stephen’s Green NorthFormer Hibernian United Services ClubNo. 8 St. Stephen’s Green North is a late 18 th century house, reworkedin the 19 th century, with a brick façade. The steps are byPatrick Byrne and the front is by William G. Murray. It is a five-bay,four-storey building containing a large entrance hall, a stair halland a reception room with Rococo plasterwork. Records suggestthat the house was rebuilt in 1772, remodelled in 1852 and againin the 1890s by the Hibernian United Services Club. The cellarof the building is built of masonry and extends c. 3m beyond themain building line and is accessible from the street.Very highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge609

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 9 St. Stephen’s Green NorthAH24 RPS 7938AH25 RPS 7939AH26 RPS 7940AH27 RPS 7941St. Stephen’s Green Hibernian ClubNo. 9 St. Stephen’s Green North is an 18 th century house witha later Italianate rendered façade. A mansard roof and plateglass windows were added in the 20 th century. It is a five-baybuilding with a porte-cochére by Joseph Jarrett and containsRococo stuccowork by Lafranchini, an interesting staircase andwainscoting joinery. The structural form of the cellar comprisessolid masonry stone and brickwork with brick arched and vaultedceilings to sections of basements/cellar. The basement does notextend beyond the main building and is accessible from the street.Location: No. 10 St. Stephen’s Green NorthRubicon GalleryNo. 10 St. Stephen’s Green North is a former house, dating fromthe 18 th century. It is a three-bay, three-storey building in brickwith Greek Ionic doorcases and railings to the front. The structuralform of the cellar comprises masonry supporting the façade andit extends c. 1.5m beyond the main building line. The basement isaccessible from the street. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 11 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian HouseNo. 11 St. Stephen’s Green North is a former house, dating fromthe 18 th century. It is a three-bay, three-storey building in renderwith coursed plinth, Greek Ionic doorcases and railings to thefront. It was altered for A.H. Orpen by Mitchell and Sons c. 1929.The cellar is of masonry construction and extends c. 6m southfrom the main building line.Location: No. 12 St. Stephen’s Green NorthBankNo. 12 St. Stephen’s Green North is a bank dating from c. 1902 byCarroll and Batchelor. It is a three-bay, three-storey building overa shop (currently Londis). It has an Italianate frontage with stuccoquoins and pediments at high level and limestone quoins to thebanking hall. The cellar has concrete walls and floors supportingthe façade that extends c. 2m beyond the main building line. Thecellar is accessible from the street via a hatch.Very highVery highVery highVery high610Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 13 St. Stephen’s Green North/No. 24 Dawson StreetHouse/Commercial PremisesAH28RPS 7942RPS 2302No. 13 St. Stephen’s Green North/No. 24 Dawson Street is a fourstoreycorner building over a shop (currently Elverys) in decorativerender with gold leaf detail containing offices and apartmentsabove the ground floor. It dates to c. 1905 and is by J.C. Clayton.It has bay windows and a turret detail to the corner. The cellar ofthe building has a concrete frame supporting the façade aboveand extends c. 1m south and c. 1m east of the main building line.Very highLocation: No. 14 St. Stephen’s Green NorthAH29 RPS 7943AH30 RPS 7944AH31 RPS 7945AH32 RPS 7946Georgian HouseNo. 14 St. Stephen’s Green North along with adjoining No. 15St. Stephen’s Green North (AH30), form a pair of tall, three-bay,four-storey Georgian brick houses built for Ambrose Leet in the18 th century. To the front it has a pedimented stone doorcase withgranite steps. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 15 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian HouseNo. 15 St. Stephen’s Green North along with adjoining No. 14 St.Stephen’s Green North (AH29), form a pair of tall, three-bay, fourstoreyGeorgian brick houses built for Gustavos Hume. To thefront it has a pedimented stone doorcase with granite steps. Thearchitect is unknown.Location: No. 16 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian HouseNo. 16 St. Stephen’s Green North is one of a pair of Georgianfour-bay, four-storey, former brick faced houses now covered inivy. The stone front steps and pedimented doorcase are similarto those on Nos. 14 and 15 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH29and AH30). A cast-iron balcony is visible at first floor level. Thearchitect is unknown.Location: No. 17 St. Stephen’s Green NorthGeorgian HouseNo. 17 St. Stephen’s Green North is one of a pair of Georgianfour-bay, four-storey, former brick faced houses now covered inivy. The stone front steps and pedimented doorcase are similar tothose on Nos. 14 and 15 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH29 andAH30). The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge611

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Dawson StreetAH33 RPS 2292AH34 RPS 2293AH35 RPS 2294The Mansion HouseThe Mansion House was built by Joshua Dawson in 1710 as hisown residence and is the oldest free-standing house in the citycomprising of a two-storey, seven-bay block. Central three baysproud of main façade with pediment above and coat of armswithin. Heavy balustrade above second floor level. The frontfaçade originally brick was redesigned with Victorian stucco andcast iron by Hugh Byrne, City Architect c. 1851. The house wassold for use as the Lord Mayor’s residence in 1715 and remains inthis use to this day. It contains interiors of note, though many nowaltered. To the north of main house is Fire restaurant and a largeforecourt with cobbled set down area and curved stone piers withcast iron railings.The architect is unknown.Note: Refer also to AC9 in the Material Assets: Archaeology andCultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Location: Dawson StreetSt. Ann’s ChurchSt. Ann’s Church was designed by Isaac Wills in 1720 in aBaroque style. It was altered in 1868 by Sir Thomas NewenhamDeane who added the finely detailed Lombardo Romanesquefaçade in Wicklow granite, grey limestone, calp, Portland and redsandstone on to Dawson Street. The bell tower is incomplete.Originally designed for Joshua Dawson. The interior is of noteand was reworked by noted church architect Joseph Welland. Itis notable for being the first church in Dublin to be axially alignedwith the street. It is a simple three-bay composition with setbackcentral gable and gabled arch over doorway.Note: Refer also to AC13 in the Material Assets: Archaeology andCultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Location: No. 1 Dawson StreetFormer North British Assurance Company BankNo. 1 Dawson Street was built c. 1900 by W. Washington Browne.Its façade is expressed over four storeys in limestone with theIonic orders. It also has decorative balustrade spandrels andstring courses at the three upper levels in granite as well as acopper dome to the corner with a clock face. Basement voidswere identified in the radar survey but the basements were notaccessed due to security precautions. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery high612Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 2 Dawson StreetAH36WithinACA, CAModern Infill BuildingNo. 2 Dawson Street is a brick infill building with a large archedope and a shop front at ground floor level. It was built c. 1990s.Basement does not extend beyond the building line.LowLocation: No. 3 Dawson StreetAH37 RPS 2295Commercial PremisesNo. 3 Dawson Street is a two-bay brick façade building with threestoreys over a commercial premises at ground floor level. It is19 th century in origin. The building does not appear to have abasement. The architect is unknown.Location: Nos. 4–5 Dawson StreetVery highModern BuildingNos. 4–5 Dawson Street is a modern five-bay, four-storey brickfaçade building with bay windows along first floor level and aprotruding shop front at ground floor level The building has abasement which only extends as far as the last step leading up tothe building.AH38WithinACA, CALowLocation: No. 6 Dawson StreetAH39 RPS 2296AH40 RPS 2297AH41 RPS 2298Georgian HouseNo. 6 Dawson Street is a Georgian, two-bay, three-storey brickhouse over a shop with a remodelled Victorian façade and interiordating to c. 1905 by Mitchell and Sons. The opes to the upperfloors have decorative stone linings and quoins. The building hasa basement which only extends as far as the last step leading upto the building.Location: No. 7 Dawson StreetGeorgian BuildingNo. 7 Dawson Street is a three-bay, three-storey, brick-facedhouse over a commercial premises at ground floor level. It datesto c. 1770 but was remodelled in the 19 th century and againc. 1980 as a book shop. The opes to the upper floors have stonesurrounds. The building has a cellar which extends c. 1.7mbeyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 8 Dawson StreetGeorgian BuildingNo. 8 Dawson Street is a four-bay house, with a rendered paintedfaçade and cast iron grilles. It dates to c. 1770 and has originaljoinery and plaster interiors. There are decorative linings to theopes including a pediment to the doorway. The building has acellar but the outermost wall does not extend under the footpath.The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge613

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 9–12 Dawson StreetNew Ireland Assurance buildingsNos. 9–12 Dawson Street is an elegant, modern building in twopieces characterised by a concrete frame and interesting bronzefenestration. The building appears to have a basement but accesswas not granted due to security precautions. Dating from c. 1990s,the architect is unknown.AH42WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 13–17 Dawson StreetModern Office BuildingNos. 13–17 Dawson Street is a five-storey, seven-bay red brickoffice building with commercial use at ground floor level. It islocated on the corner with Molesworth Street. The building has acellar but it does not extend beyond the building line. Dating to the1990s, the architect is unknown.AH43WithinACA, CALowLocation: No. 18 Dawson StreetModern Office BuildingNo. 18 Dawson Street is a four-storey brick office buildinglocated on the corner with Molesworth Street. The building hasa basement which extends beyond the building line as far as thelast step which leads up to the building. Dating to the 1990s, thearchitect is unknown.AH44WithinACA, CALowLocation: No. 18a Dawson StreetAH45 RPS 2299AH46 RPS 2300Former VicarageNo. 18a Dawson Street is of 19 th century date. It has a variousdressed stone front to the façade with a balcony at raised firstfloor level in Venetian style. It also has a raised entrance over asunken area lighting basement guarded by decorative cast ironand a hipped roof to the front with decorative stone dormer at ahigh level. The building has a basement but it does not extendbeyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 19 Dawson StreetRoyal Irish AcademyNo. 19 Dawson Street is a reworked 18 th century mansion withinteresting plasterwork and concealed ironwork carrying gallerieswithin a top-lit meeting room designed by Robert Mallet. It is afour-bay, four-storey building and has a brick façade to the frontwith decorative linings to the opes and a sweeping staircase tothe front entrance. It was designed by F.V. Clarendon (OPW) anddates to c. 1852.Very highVery high614Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Dawson StreetJoshua HouseAH47WithinACA, CAThis building has a combination of red and yellow sandstonecladding in a modern style with sheer glass windows and threestoreybay window on to Dawson Street. It was designed by ShayCleary and dates to c. 2000.MediumLocation: Nos. 20–21 Dawson StreetPossible Victorian BuildingNos. 20–21 Dawson Street includes Dawson Jewellers, Reds andSavills. It has a three-storey brick façade over shop fronts withfour bays of crude bay windows and contains possible remnantsof a Victorian shop front at ground floor level. The building hasa basement with coal cellars that extend c. 4.5m beyond thebuilding line. The cellars are in poor condition but preserve brickvaultedarches. The architect is unknown.AH48WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 22 Dawson StreetHarry’s Commercial PremisesNo. 22 Dawson Street has a four-storey, rendered façade overa shop front with decorative stucco linings to all of the windowsmatching those on the adjoining Nos. 23 and 24 Dawson Street(AH50 and AH28). The building has a basement /cellar thatextends c. 1m beyond the building line. The building is 19 thcentury in origin.AH49WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 23–23c Dawson StreetAH50 RPS 2301Former Georgian HouseNo. 23 Dawson Street is a former Georgian house with a shop atground floor level (currently McSweeneys). It has a four-storey,rendered façade over a shop front with decorative stucco liningsto all of the windows and is 19 th century in origin. It has a cellar toDawson Street which extends c. 1.5m beyond the front buildingline. The architect is unknown.No. 23c Dawson Street is a former Georgian house with a shopat ground floor level (currently O’Brien’s). It has a four-storey,rendered façade over a shop front with decorative stucco liningsto all of the windows and is 19 th century in origin. Notable for itsnarrow one-bay plaster frontage adjoining No. 14 St. Stephen’sGreen (AH29). It has a basement /cellar to Dawson Street whichextends beyond the front building line towards the proposedalignment. The architect is unknown.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge615

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 25 Dawson StreetAH51 RPS 2303AH52 RPS 2304AH53 RPS 2305AH54 RPS 2306Former Georgian HouseNo. 25 Dawson Street is a former Georgian house with a shopat ground floor level (currently David Murray Jewellers) and itcontains Dawson Lounge. It has a painted brick façade over fourstoreys with decorative stucco string courses. The building hasa cellar that extends c. 1.6m beyond the building line with twolightwells on the footpath above. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 26 Dawson StreetDawson ChambersNo. 26 Dawson Street is a commercial premises known asDawson Chambers (along with Nos. 27 and 28 Dawson Street –AH53 and AH54). The building dates to 1911 and was designed byGeorge P. Sheridan. It is a long range of shops with an undulatingfrontage animated by cast iron ornament forming bay windowswhich are currently painted green. These shops include CelticWhiskey Shop, Wines on the Green and Sandwich Symphony.Location: No. 27 Dawson StreetDawson ChambersNo. 27 Dawson Street is a commercial premises known asDawson Chambers (along with Nos. 26 and 28 Dawson Street –AH52 and AH54). The building dates to 1911 and was designed byGeorge P. Sheridan. It is a long range of shops with an undulatingfrontage animated by cast iron ornament forming bay windowswhich are currently painted green. These shops include CelticWhiskey Shop, Wines on the Green and Sandwich Symphony.Location: No. 28 Dawson StreetDawson ChambersNo. 28 Dawson Street is a commercial premises known asDawson Chambers (with Nos. 26 and 27 Dawson Street – AH52and AH53). The building dates to 1911 and was designed byGeorge P. Sheridan. It is a long range of shops with an undulatingfrontage animated by cast iron ornament forming bay windowswhich are currently painted green. The buildings have basements/cellars which extend c. 1m beyond the building line. The cellarsare lit by lightwells positioned in the footpath above. These shopsinclude Celtic Whiskey Shop, Wines on the Green and SandwichSymphony.Location: Nos. 29–30 Dawson StreetVery highVery highVery highVery highPossible Victorian BuildingNos. 29–30 Dawson Street is a four-bay, three-storey brickfaçade building over a shop front which is possibly Victorianin origin. The building has a small centrally placed cellar thatextends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH55WithinACA, CAMedium616Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 31 Dawson StreetAH56 RPS 2307AH57 RPS 2308AH58 RPS 2309AH59 RPS 2310AH60 RPS 2311Business PremisesNo. 31 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey businesspremises with a rendered façade over a shop front at ground floorlevel. Some of the original window joinery is missing. The buildinghas a cellar that extends c. 1.5m beyond the building line. It isprobably 18 th century in origin. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 32 Dawson StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 32 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey businesspremises with a rendered façade over a shop front at groundfloor level. It has a timber clad curved single-storey extension atthe gable. Some of the original window joinery is missing. Thebuilding has a cellar with steel supports at roof level that extendsc. 1.5m beyond the building line. It is probably 18 th century inorigin.Location: No. 33 Dawson StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 33 Dawson Street is a business premises (along with No. 34Dawson Street – AH59). It is an 18 th century house remodelledby Bachelor and Hicks in c. 1906 for the Royal Automobile Club(RAC). It has an elegant ground floor bay window in hardwoodwith a lead roof and a guarded sunken well to light basement. Ithas a two-bay, three-storey red brick façade over the ground floor.The architect is unknown.Location: No. 34 Dawson StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 34 Dawson Street is a business premises (along with No. 33Dawson Street – AH58). It is an 18 th century house remodelledby Bachelor and Hicks in c. 1906 for the RAC. It has an elegantground floor bay window in hardwood with a lead roof and aguarded sunken well to light basement. It has a two-bay, threestoreyred brick façade over the ground floor. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 35 Dawson StreetGeorgian Building (Remodelled)No. 35 Dawson Street is a three-bay four-storey hotel premisesover a basement. It is 18 th century but has been remodelledextensively. It has a brick façade with coursed render at groundfloor level and an iron porch way over steps up to a pedimentedfront entrance. It also has a guarded sunken well to lightbasement. The basement does not appear to extend under thefootpath. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge617

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 36 Dawson StreetAH61 RPS 2312AH62 RPS 2313AH63 RPS 2314AH64 RPS 2315Probable Georgian BuildingNo. 36 Dawson Street is a licensed premises with perhaps thebest 19 th century shop front on the street. It dates to c. 1860 andwas designed by William G. Murray in the Ruskinian Gothic style.It has a brick façade with a medley of stonework in three arches. Italso has a guarded sunken well to light basement. The basementdoes not appear to extend under the footpath. The fourth floormay have been rebuilt.Location: No. 37 Dawson StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 37 Dawson Street is a three-bay 18 th century house with anunusual carved limestone cornice on the brick façade above thesecond floor with an apparently new floor added above. It is muchaltered with a highly decorative bay window in hardwood andcast iron added to the front with a balcony. It currently containsRon Black’s licensed premises. The building has a cellar whichextends c. 2.1m beyond the building facade. The architect isunknown.Note: Refer also to AC11 in the Material Assets: Archaeology andCultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Location: No. 38 Dawson StreetFormer Atlas Insurance BuildingNo. 38 Dawson Street now comprises a restaurant premises. Itwas originally built c. 1770. It has a brick façade and a reworkedground floor shop front (currently Milanos). It was rebuilt in 1918for Atlas Insurance by Kaye-Parry and Ross. The building has acellar that extends c. 2m beyond the building facade but does notextend beyond a private landing. It has a slightly raised front areawith cast iron railings.Location: No. 39 Dawson StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 39 Dawson Street is a licensed premises. The building wasre-imagined internally in the late 1990s. It has a two-bay, threestoreyred brick façade with decorative arches to the opes overa Doric limestone shop front which is now fitted with awningcovering the external area. There are two coal hole covers inthe footpath which may indicate the presence of coal cellarsextending beyond the building line. It is probably 18 th century inorigin. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery highVery high618Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 40 Dawson StreetAH65 RPS 2316AH66 RPS 2317AH67 RPS 2318AH68 RPS 2319Possible Victorian BuildingNo. 40 Dawson Street is a licensed premises. The building wassubstantially re-imagined internally in the late 1990s. It has a twobay,three-storey brown brick façade with flat arched opes, overa possibly Victorian shop front which is now fitted with awningcovering the external area. The building has a cellar, accessedby a hatch from footpath level, which extends c. 3m beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 41 Dawson Street20 th Century BuildingNo. 41 Dawson Street contains a shop and offices (along withNo. 42 Dawson Street – AH67). It has a four-bay red brick façadewhich has been substantially remodelled and includes alterationsmade in 1928 by G.P. Beater to the shop front. The building has acellar that extends c. 2m beyond the building facade.Location: No. 42 Dawson Street20 th Century BuildingNo. 42 Dawson Street contains shops and offices (with No. 41Dawson Street – AH66). It has a four-bay red brick façade whichhas been substantially remodelled and includes alterationsmade in 1928 by G.P. Beater. It has a large brick bay windowwith arched window opes. It also has a parapet at first floorlevel located at the left hand side over the shop front. There isdecorative limestone to either side of the signage and stained,curved glass below leading to a fine hardwood door and anarched window ope set back on the main building line at first floorlevel. To the right hand side is a painted stucco Neo-classicaldoor case with fanlight. The building has a cellar that extends c.2m beyond the building facade.Location: No. 43 Dawson StreetGeorgian BuildingNo. 43 Dawson Street is a brown brick two-bay façade over threestoreys with a lined, rendered base and an Ionic doorcase withfanlight, from the early 18 th century. The building has a basementbut it does not extend beyond the building porch. The architect isunknown.Very highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge619

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 44 Dawson StreetAH69 RPS 2320AH70 RPS 2321Georgian HouseNo. 44 Dawson Street is a former house, of early 18 th centurydate. It has a two-bay, three-storey brown brick corner façadewith decorative window linings at first floor level and a recent baywindow and shop front at ground floor level. It contains a tailorsshop and is on the corner with South Anne Street. The buildinghas a cellar with a brick-vaulted ceiling that extends c. 2.5mbeyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 45 Dawson StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 45 Dawson Street is a former brown brick house, of early 18 thcentury date. Former Mannion Auctioneers on the corner withSouth Anne Street. It is a two-bay, three-storey over a recentlyremodelled retail outlet. Blind windows face to South Anne Street.The building has a cellar that extends c. 1m beyond the buildingline.Location: No. 46 Dawson StreetVery highVery highProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 46 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey building with abrown brick façade over a commercial premises with a remodelledshop front. It probably dates to the 18 th century. The building has abasement but it does not appear to extend beyond private landing.AH71WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 47 Dawson StreetAH72 RPS 2322AH73 RPS 2323Georgian HouseNo. 47 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey building over acommercial premises with a recently remodelled shop front. The18 th century red brick house was remodelled by S. Symes in 1858.The building has a cellar that extends c. 1m beyond the buildingline but it does not appear to extend beyond private landing.Location: No. 51a Dawson StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 51a Dawson Street is a commercial premises which is partof the Royal Hibernian Way. It was an early 18 th century houseand retains Rococo plasterwork within. It also has matchingground floor bay windows and a central raised front entrance toa residential property (currently contains Insomnia and Baumler).The building has a cellar that appeared to extend beyond thebuilding and and footpath, however, this has been blocked off.Very highVery high620Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 51b Dawson StreetAH74 RPS 2324AH75 RPS 2325Georgian HouseNo. 51b Dawson Street is a commercial premises which is partof the Royal Hibernian Way. It was an early 18 th century houseand retains Rococo plasterwork within. It also has matchingground floor bay windows and a central raised front entrance toa residential property (currently contains Insomnia and Baumler).The building has a cellar that appeared to extend beyond thebuilding and footpath, however, this has been blocked off.Location: No. 51c Dawson StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 51c Dawson Street is a commercial premise which is part ofthe Royal Hibernian Way. It was an early 18 th century house andretains Rococo plasterwork within. It is located on the corner withDuke Street and currently contains the Apollo Art Gallery. It hasa rendered façade of three storeys over a shop front with quoinsto the corner and an enlarged ope at first floor level. It has a largeVictorian style glazed shop front at ground floor level. The buildinghas a basement but it does not extend beyond the facade of thebuilding.Location: No. 52 Dawson StreetVery highVery highModern BuildingNo. 52 Dawson Street is a modern four-storey building in brickwith rendered curved corner and a recent shop front at groundfloor level. It is located on the corner with Duke Street. Thearchitect is unknown.AH76WithinACA, CALowLocation: No. 53 Dawson StreetAH77 RPS 2326AH78 RPS 2327Georgian House (Remodelled)No. 53 Dawson Street is a remodelled 18 th century house witha rendered façade and decorative linings to the windows atfirst floor level. It also has granite steps to the front. It currentlycontains a shop and offices. The building has a basement but itdoes not extend beyond the last step. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 55 Dawson StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 55 Dawson Street is a painted brick, single-bay, three-storeybuilding over a two-bay ground floor pair of houses probably 18 thcentury in origin though substantially reworked. Decorative liningshave been added to the windows and additional granite steps tothe front. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge621

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 56 Dawson StreetVictorian BuildingNo. 56 Dawson Street is a former house/business premises whichis currently a bookshop premises. It was built c. 1900 by ThomasManley Deane. It has a red-brick gabled front and a tall quoinedarch holding a large curved glass bay window. The building has acellar that extends c. 2.1m beyond the building line.AH79WithinACA, CAHighLocation: No. 57 Dawson StreetAH80 RPS 2328AH81 RPS 2329Victorian BuildingNo. 57 Dawson Street is a former house/business premiseswhich is currently a bookshop (along with No. 58 Dawson Street– AH81). It was built c. 1902 by A.E. Murray and has a six-bay redbrick front with varied fenestration and terracotta detailing. Thereis a stepped gable detail over the parapet with a curved pedimentover an oculus and a shop front at ground floor level with curvedglass, cast iron and hardwood. The building has a cellar thatextends c. 2.1m beyond the building line.Location: No. 58 Dawson StreetVictorian BuildingNo. 58 Dawson Street is a former house/business premiseswhich is currently a bookshop (along with No. 57 Dawson Street –AH80). It was built c. 1902 by A.E. Murray and has a six-bay redbrick front with varied fenestration and terracotta detailing. Thereis a stepped gable detail over parapet with curved pediment overan oculus and a shop front at ground floor with curved glass, castiron and hardwood. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2.1mbeyond the building line.Location: No. 44 Nassau StreetVery highVery highPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 44 Nassau Street is a mid-terrace, single-bay, fourstoreybuilding with rendered façade and possible remnantsof a Georgian house. It currently contains the College HouseJewellers. The architect is unknown. The building has a centrallyplace cellar that extends beyond the building line.AH82WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 45–46 Nassau StreetAH83 RPS 5911Probable Georgian BuildingNos. 45–46 Nassau Street contains a licensed premises and hasa painted stucco façade with an arched Venetian colonnade tothe first floor and awning covering the pub front. It is probably 18 thcentury in origin. The architect is unknown. The building has acellar that extends beyond the building line.Very high622Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 47 Nassau StreetPossible Georgian BuildingAH84WithinACA, CANo. 47 Nassau Street is a two-bay, four-storey building with apainted rendered façade and a commercial premises at groundfloor level. It contains the possible remnants of a Georgianfaçade. The architect is unknown. The building has a cellar thatextends beyond the building line.MediumLocation: Nos. 48–50 Nassau Street and No. 2 Grafton StreetProbable Georgian BuildingAH85RPS 5912RPS 5913RPS 3265Nos. 48–50 Nassau Street/No. 2 Grafton Street is a four-storeybuilding of brick and terracotta with a curved and canted frontand a total of thirteen bays to both sides. It rises to a brickparapet. The detail varies on each floor with recent shop frontsunderneath. It probably dates to the 18 th century. The building hasa cellar that extends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architectis unknown.Very highLocation: Nos. 102–104 Grafton StreetProbable Georgian BuildingAH86RPS 3283RPS 3284Nos. 102–104 Grafton Street is a five-storey brick and stonebuilding on the pedestrian section of Grafton Street (west side)with a shop at ground floor level. It probably dates to the 18 thcentury. The architect is unknown.Very highLocation: Nos. 105–106 Grafton StreetProbable Georgian BuildingAH87WithinACA, CANos. 105–106 Grafton Street is a bank with a three-storey brickfaçade and a canted corner over a limestone ground floor shopfront and penthouse. It probably originally dates to the 18 th centurythough it has been substantially altered. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 107 Grafton StreetLate Georgian BuildingAH88WithinACA, CANo. 107 Grafton Street is a late Georgian brick four-storeycorner building over a shop front to Suffolk Street. It was built byChristopher Myers and was remodelled in the 1980s. It has threebays facing Grafton Street with decorative signage at first floorlevel. The building has a cellar that extends c. 1.3m beyond thebuilding facade.MediumLocation: No. 108 Grafton StreetAH89 RPS 3285Barnardo’s FurriersNo. 108 Grafton Street has been Barnardo’s furriers since 1812. Thefaçade is in brick with stone detailing to the linings of the windowsand string courses at first floor level and parapet. The building hasa basement and coal cellars that extend beyond the building line.The coal cellars are now blocked off. The architect is unknown.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge623

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 109 Grafton StreetModern BuildingNo. 109 Grafton Street is a modern four-storey stone clad façadeover a shop front and is just a single bay wide. The building has abasement that extends 1m beyond the building line. The architectis unknown.AH90WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 110 Grafton StreetAH91 RPS 3286Probable Georgian BuildingNo. 110 Grafton Street has a shop at ground floor and has athree-storey red-brick façade with stone surrounds to the windowopes and curved dormers at roof level. It is probably 18 th centuryin origin with later alterations. The building has a cellar thatextends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 111 Grafton StreetVery highAH92WithinACA, CAModern BuildingNo. 111 Grafton Street is a modern brick infill with a three-bay,four-storey façade over a shop front and a large bay window atfirst floor level. The architect is unknown.LowLocation: No. 112 Grafton StreetAH93 RPS 3287AH94 RPS 3288Probable Georgian BuildingNo. 112 Grafton Street (along with No. 113 Grafton Street – AH94)is a two-bay, four-storey building with a decorative limestonefaçade. Ionic pilasters, aedicules, balustrades, pediment, aDiocletian window and a curved bay window all animate thefaçade above the two ground floor shop fronts. It is probably 18 thcentury in origin with later alterations. The building has a cellarthat extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 113 Grafton StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 113 Grafton Street (along with No. 112 Grafton Street – AH93)is a two-bay, four-storey building with a decorative limestonefaçade. Ionic pilasters, aedicules, balustrades, pediment, aDiocletian window and a curved bay window all animate thefaçade above the two ground floor shop fronts. It is probably 18 thcentury in origin with later alterations. The building has a cellarthat extends c. 4.9m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Very highVery high624Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 114 Grafton StreetAH95 RPS 3289AH96 RPS 3290AH97 RPS 3291AH98 RPS 3292AH99 RPS 3293Former Royal BankNo. 114 Grafton Street is a former bank (Royal Bank) designed byW.H. Lynn dating to c. 1904. It is a three-bay, yellow sandstonepalazzo with polished red granite detailing including columns onthe upper floor. The interiors are also of architectural interest,though altered. The building has a cellar that extends c. 3.2mbeyond the building line.Location: No. 115 Grafton StreetVictorian BuildingNo. 115 Grafton Street is currently a shop (Spar) and was theformer Royal Bank’s manager’s house. It dates to the early 20 thcentury and is possibly designed by W.H. Lynn. The façade isexecuted in light red sandstone. There is a large area of recentcurtain glazing at ground floor level. The building has a cellar thatextends c. 1.8m beyond the building line.Location: No. 116 Grafton StreetVictorian BuildingNo. 116 Grafton Street currently contains the Lush shop. It wasbuilt in 1906 for Lucius O’Callaghan Books by Edward Ponsonbyand has an interesting narrow sandstone façade with Ionic andDoric order employed and a Diocletian window at fifth floor level.It has a cellar to Grafton Street which extends beyond the frontbuilding line towards the proposed alignment.Location: No. 117 Grafton StreetFormer Commercial Union Insurance Company BuildingNo. 117 Grafton Street is a shop (along with No. 118 GraftonStreet – AH99). It is part of the former Commercial UnionInsurance Company buildings. It dates to 1885 and was designedby Thomas Newenham Deane and Son. It has a three-storey,three-bay red brick façade above the Peterson’s of Dublin shopfront. The building has a small cellar that extends c. 0.5m beyondthe building line.Location: No. 118 Grafton StreetFormer Commercial Union Insurance Company BuildingNo. 118 Grafton Street is a shop (along with No. 117 GraftonStreet – AH98) and it recently contained Thomas Cook. It is partof the former Commercial Union Insurance Company buildings. Itdates to 1885 and was designed by Thomas Newenham Deaneand Son. It has a three-storey, two-bay red brick façade with threearched bays at first floor above the Thomas Cook shop front.Very highVery highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge625

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 119 Grafton Street and No. 37 College GreenFormer Commercial Union Insurance Company BuildingAH100RPS 3294RPS 2010No. 119 Grafton Street contains shops and offices and is part ofthe former Commercial Union Insurance Company buildings. Itdates to 1885 and was designed by Thomas Newenham Deaneand Son. It has a fine yellow sandstone façade in two gableswith a turret and stone mullions to the windows. It currentlycontains J.J. Foxes cigar shop at ground floor level. It has a cellarto Grafton Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The building has a cellar thatextends beyond the building line.Very highLocation: No. 36 College GreenAH101 RPS 2009AH102 RPS 2008AH103 RPS 2018AH104 RPS 201219 th Century BuildingNo. 36 College Green is a narrow, three-bay, four-storey buildingwith a brick and terracotta façade and a bookshop front at groundfloor level in marble with steps and a cast-iron guarded lightwell tothe basement. It probably dates to the 19 th century. The architectis unknown.Location: No. 35 College GreenProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 35 College Green is a simple, three-bay, four-storey buildingwith a brick façade and a modern shop (currently Halifax) andgranite steps at ground floor level. It probably dates to the18 th century. The architect is unknown.Location: Grafton Street/Nassau Street, TCDProvost’s House and StableThe Provost’s House and Stables (including the boundary walls,gate piers and gates) dating to 1759. It has a limestone Manneristfaçade with Venetian windows and rusticated wings. It is a directtranscription of a Lord Burlington design from Mayfair, London.The interiors are also of note. The architect is in doubt and itis attributed variously to Jones Smith, Henry Keene and JohnSanderson. The Provost House Stables were recently renovatedby award winning architects O’Donnell and Tuomey to house theTrinity Irish Art Research Centre.Location: College Green, TCDStatues of Oliver Goldsmith and Edmund BurkeThe Statues of Oliver Goldsmith (1864) and Edmund Burke(1868) stand either side of the front entrance to TCD (AH105).The figures of both are made of electrotype copper and stand ongranite plinths. John Henry Foley was the sculptor for both pieces.Very highVery highVery highVery high626Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nassau Street, Grafton Street, College Green, College Street, Pearse Street, TCDAH105 RPS 2013AH106 RPS 2011AH107 RPS 1997AH108 RPS 1996Enclosing Architecture of TCDAll enclosing architecture of TCD campus. This comprisespainted, cast-iron, entrance gates and railings c. 2.5m in heightset into a decorative continuous granite ashlar base withintermittent squared sections which are holding iron piers to therailings which are all facing onto College Green; similarly detailedpainted, cast-iron railings with high granite walls (to an overallheight of c. 5m) on Nassau Street, Grafton Street, College Streetand the western end of Pearse Street.Location: College Green, TCDWest Front of TCDWest front of TCD, including Regent’s House which was builtin 1752 and designed by Theodore Jacobsen (with Keene andSanderson). It has a Palladian façade behind a semi-circular frontsetting.Location: College GreenHenry Grattan StatueHenry Grattan statue and associated lamp standards located onCollege Green. This is a bronze statue on top of a stone plinthwith twin cast iron lamp standards that have signature seahorsefigures.Location: College GreenBank of Ireland (Old Parliament House)This building was designed by Edward Lovett Pearce and worksbegan in 1729. It has a later portico designed by Gandon andRichard Parkes dating to c. 1785. It originally contained Grattan’sParliament until it was remodelled by Francis Johnston to becomethe Bank of Ireland. The building has a magnificent Palladianedifice in Portland limestone with a portico and forecourt tothe south and further later porticos. The Portland stone façadecurves around College Green from the giant pedimented archwhich terminates at the east end of Pearce’s (now guarded) iconicforecourt. The curved section is a series of blank bays betweenthe large Ionic columns comprising coursed areas of stone at lowlevel and arched blind windows (some with aedicules), which giverelief, at high level all set behind a continuous cast-iron guardrail.The walls carry a Classical entablature above them with limestonebalusters at parapet level. The curved façade continues toGandon’s five-bay, pedimented eastern portico in the Corinthianorder which engages fully with the street itself.Very highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge627

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: College StreetAH109 RPS 2020Thomas Moore MonumentThis monument is a bronze statue dating to 1857 designedby Christopher Moore. It is on a large granite base and nowsurrounded by the more recently added traffic island and trees.The statue originally sat on its own near the toilets (AH110) and thetraffic island and the trees do not form part of its original setting.Location: College StreetVery highVictorian ToiletsVictorian toilets/urinal located underground adjacent to theThomas Moore monument. There is little fabric remaining hereand the original “urinal” visible on the 1 st Edition Ordnance Surveyis now surrounded by poor quality brickwork, concrete andguarding. It is not of interest in architectural terms and its interestis solely an historic one due to the reference in James Joyce’sUlysses which is commemorated here with a plaque.AH110WithinACA, CALowLocation: Nos. 1–2 College Street (also Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street)AH111 RPS 2021The Scottish Widow’s Insurance BuildingNos. 1–2 College Street is The Scottish Widows Insurancebuilding dating to 1875 and designed by Thomas NewenhamDeane. It is a four-storey distinctive red sandstone buildingwith details in Portland and limestone in a venetian palazzocomposition. It currently contains Allied Irish Bank (AIB). It formspart of Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street (AH149). The buildinghas a cellar with a concrete frame. The cellar extends beyondthe main building. The basement is used as a car park that isaccessible from Fleet Street.Location: Nos. 3–4 College StreetVery highModern BuildingNos. 3–4 College Street is a modern infill section to the WestinHotel (between the Scottish Widows Insurance building (AH111)and the Provincial Bank (AH113) and was designed by HenryJ. Lyons in the 1990s. The façade is three bays of limestone instripped Classical style over four storeys. The building has a cellarwith a concrete frame that extends beyond the main building line.The basement is used as a car park that is accessible from FleetStreet.AH112WithinACA, CAMedium628Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 5 College StreetAH113 RPS 2022Former Provincial BankNo. 5 College Street is the former Provincial Bank building datingto 1868 and designed by William G. Murray. It has an elegantthree-storey, seven-bay Palladian façade with sculptures andinterior plasterwork by Thomas Saunders. It is now the WestinHotel. The building has a cellar with a concrete frame that extendsbeyond the main building line. The basement is used as a car parkthat is accessible from Fleet Street.Location: Between Nos. 5 and 6 College StreetVery highModern BuildingThis is a modern infill section to the Westin Hotel (AH113) betweenNo. 6 College Street AH115 and the former Provincial Bank(AH113) and was designed by Henry J. Lyons in the 1990s. Thefaçade is three bays of limestone in stripped Classical style overfour storeys.AH114WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 6 College StreetAH115 RPS 2023AH116 RPS 2024AH117 RPS 2025Probable Georgian BuildingNo. 6 College Street contains a ground floor shop and house. TheIrish Yeast Company is at ground floor with Victorian shop frontbelow three-storey, two-bay brick façade with a Georgian interior.It is probably 18 th century in origin. The cellar is built of brick andsolid masonry and extends beyond the main building line. Thearchitect is unknown.Location: No. 7 College StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 7 College Street has a shop at ground floor with Victorian shopfront below three-storey, two-bay brick façade and a Georgianinterior. It is probably 18 th century in origin. The cellar is built ofbrick and solid masonry and extends beyond the main buildingline. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 8 College StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 8 College Street has a licensed premises at ground floor withVictorian shop front below three-storey, two-bay brick façadeand a Georgian interior. It is probably 18 th century in origin. Thecellar is built of brick and solid masonry extends beyond the mainbuilding line. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge629

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 9 College StreetPossible Georgian BuildingAH118WithinACA, CANo. 9 College Street contains Doyle’s licensed premises. It has athree-storey brick façade with quoins and ground floor shop front.It is possibly 18 th century in origin. The cellar is built of brick andmasonry with some steel beams and extends beyond the mainbuilding line. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 28 Fleet StreetAH119 RPS 2949AH120 RPS 2352AH121 RPS 2353AH122 RPS 6623Probable Georgian BuildingNo. 28 Fleet Street contains the Fleet Bar and the building is amirror image of the adjoining building at No. 9 College Street(AH118). The façade has a shop front at ground floor levelwith painted rendered façade on the upper floors. The origin isprobably 18 th century. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 18 D’Olier StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 18 D’Olier Street is a mid-terrace, four-storey, two-baybuilding over a shop with a painted brick façade, stone quoinand an altered ope at first floor level. The origin is probably 18 thcentury. The architect is unknown.Location: Nos. 19–20 D’Olier StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNos. 19–20 D’Olier Street is a narrow two-bay, four-storeybuilding with a brick façade, quoins and a large oriel window atfirst floor level. The origin is probably 18 th century. The architect isunknown.Location: Pearse StreetGarda StationGarda Station dating to 1915 designed by OPW (A. Robinson,M.J. Burke and H.G. Leask). It is a long range of three-storeygranite in the Scots Baronial style.Location: Nos. 1–2 Westmoreland StreetVery highVery highVery highVery highAH123WithinACA, CA20 th Century BuildingNo. 1 Westmoreland Street was built c. 1935 by Miller and Symes,the upper floors are in brick with limestone linings to windows witha stripped Classical limestone shop front below.Medium630Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 3 Westmoreland StreetAH124WithinACA, CA20 th Century BuildingNo. 3 Westmoreland Street was built c. 1935 by Miller and Symes,the upper floors are in brick with limestone linings to windows witha stripped Classical limestone shop front below.MediumLocation: No. 4 Westmoreland StreetAH125 RPS 8734AH126 RPS 8735AH127 RPS 8736AH128 RPS 8737AH129 RPS 873819 th Century Italian Gothic Style BuildingNo. 4 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices (along with No.5 Westmoreland Street – AH126) with an Italian Gothic brickfrontage by William G. Murray of c. 1869 with alterations in 1940.Its interior has been gutted.Location: No. 5 Westmoreland Street19 th Century Italian Gothic Style BuildingNo. 5 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices (along with No.4 Westmoreland Street – AH125) with an Italian Gothic brickfrontage by William G. Murray of c. 1869 with alterations in 1940.Its interior has been gutted.Location: No. 6 Westmoreland Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 6 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices with a red-brickgabled façade dating from 1889 by James Farrall. Boyle Sportsshop is currently located at ground floor.Location: No. 7 Westmoreland StreetFormer Northern Assurance BuildingNo. 7 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices by G.C. Ashlingand is the former Northern Assurance building of 1886. It hasa rusticated arcade with mansard roof over the recently alteredshop front.Location: No. 8 Westmoreland StreetVictorian BuildingNo. 8 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a fourstorey,rendered façade with dressed stone linings at first floorand Victorian style shop fronts at ground floor level. It is probably19 th century in origin. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonryand extends c. 5m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Very highVery highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge631

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 9 Westmoreland StreetAH130 RPS 8739AH131 RPS 8740AH132 RPS 8741AH133 RPS 8742AH134 RPS 8743Victorian BuildingNo. 9 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises. It has fourstoreys of rendered façade with dressed stone linings at first floorand Victorian style shop fronts at ground floor level. The cellaris built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 5m beyond thebuilding line.Location: No. 10 Westmoreland StreetVictorian BuildingNo. 10 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with afour-storey, rendered façade with dressed stone linings at firstfloor and Victorian style shop fronts at ground floor level. It isprobably 19 th century in origin. Formerly it contained Bewley’scafe. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c.4m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 11 Westmoreland StreetRuskinian Style BuildingNo. 11 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises (along withNo. 12 Westmoreland Street – AH133) of 1867 by W.G. Murray, inthe Ruskinian style. It has a four-storey, painted rendered façadeover shop front. Formerly it contained Bewley’s cafe. The cellar isbuilt of brickwork and masonry and extends beyond the buildingline.Location: No. 12 Westmoreland StreetRuskinian Style BuildingNo. 12 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises (along withNo. 11 Westmoreland Street – AH132) of 1867 by W.G. Murray, inthe Ruskinian style. It has a four-storey, painted rendered façadeover shop front. Formerly it contained a Bewley’s cafe. The cellaris built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 4m beyond thebuilding line.Location: No. 13 Westmoreland StreetVictorian BuildingNo. 13 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises, originallybuilt in 1862 by J.C. Byrne. It has a two-bay, four-storey brickfaçade with plaster linings to the opes over the ground floor shopfront. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c.1m beyond the building line.Very highVery highVery highVery highVery high632Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 14 Westmoreland StreetAH135 RPS 8744AH136 RPS 8745AH137 RPS 8746Former Scottish Equitable BuildingNo. 14 Westmoreland Street is now a shop and office and wasformerly the Scottish Equitable building by W.G. Murray of 1866.The façade is three storeys high in stone above a ground floorshop. It has a gabled attic storey and a variety of arched detailingto windows differing on all floors. Rusticated quoins frame thefaçade. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extendsc. 5m beyond the building line.Location: No. 15 Westmoreland Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 15 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a twobay,four-storey brick façade over shops with decorative liningsto window opes probably added later. It probably dates to the19 th century. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonrysupporting the building façade and freestanding coal bunkers.The cellar extends c. 5.m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 16 Westmoreland Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 16 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a twobay,four-storey brick façade over shops with decorative liningsto window opes probably added later. It probably dates to the 19 thcentury. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extendsc. 5m beyond the building line though the coal cellars are blockedup. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 17 Westmoreland StreetVery highVery highVery highAH138 19 th Century BuildingNo. 17 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a twobay,four-storey brick façade over shops with decorative liningsto window opes probably added later. It probably dates to the 19 thcentury. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extendsc. 0.5m beyond the building line. There is no access to the coalcellar as the wall is blocked up. The architect is unknown.AH138WithinACAMediumLocation: Nos. 18–21 Westmoreland Street.Ballast HouseBallast House building located on the corner with Aston Quay. It iseight bays of four storeys in brick with different decorative windowlinings on each floor topped by a stone balustrade over modernshop fronts. It probably dates to the 19 th century. The cellar isbuilt of masonry and concrete and extends c. 1m beyond the eastelevation and c. 1.5m beyond the north elevation. The architect isunknown.AH139WithinACA, CAMediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge633

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 22 Westmoreland Street.AH140 RPS 8747Former Liverpool & Lancashire Insurance Co. BuildingNo. 22 Westmoreland Street is located on the corner withD’Olier Street. Christine Casey describes it as “... a Portlandstone Baronial exercise with Gothic and Ruskinian leanings,built for the Liverpool & Lancashire Insurance Co. in 1898 byJ.J. O’Callaghan. Ground-floor arcade, angle-turret and talldormer roof with large, panelled chimneys”. It has a cellar toWestmoreland Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of masonryand extends c. 4m beyond the building line.Location: Nos. 23–25 Westmoreland StreetVery highModern BuildingNos. 23–25 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices. Fivestoreyover ground floor commercial six-bay red brick officebuilding of modern construction with stone lined windows andmansard roof. It is recent in origin. The cellar is built of masonryand extends c. 4m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.AH141WithinACA, CALowLocation: No. 26 Westmoreland StreetAH142 RPS 8748AH143 RPS 874919 th Century BuildingNo. 26 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercialpremises and has a two-bay, four-storey quoined, renderedfaçade above with painted stone dressing to the windows. It isprobably 19 th century in origin. It has a cellar to WestmorelandStreet which extends c. 4m beyond the front building line towardsthe proposed alignment. The structural form of the basementcomprises solid masonry brick and stonework with brick vaultedceilings in the cellars to the front section of basement beneath thefootpath. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 27 Westmoreland Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 27 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercialpremises and has a two-bay, four-storey quoined, renderedfaçade above with painted stone dressing to the windows. It isprobably 19 th century in origin. It has a cellar to WestmorelandStreet which extends c. 1.2m beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellarcomprises solid masonry and brickwork with beams insertedat ceiling level in mid section of the basement. The architect isunknown.Very highVery high634Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 28 Westmoreland StreetAH144 RPS 8750AH145 RPS 8751AH146 RPS 8752AH147 RPS 875319 th Century BuildingNo. 28 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercialpremises and has a two-bay, four-storey, rendered façade above.It is probably 19 th century in origin. It has a decorative coat ofarms at first floor level and stone dressing to the windows. It hasa cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends c. 4m beyond thefront building line towards the proposed alignment. The structuralform of the cellar comprises brickwork and masonry. The architectis unknown.Location: No. 29 Westmoreland Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 29 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercialpremises and has a two-bay, four-storey, brick façade above. Ithas stone dressing to the windows and is probably 19 th centuryin origin. It has a cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends c.3m beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment.The cellar is built of masonry. The architect is unknown.Location: Nos. 30–34 Westmoreland StreetFormer LaFayette Photographer’s BuildingEBS Building Society incorporating the façade of the (earlier)former La Fayette Photographer’s building including the 1912frontage. The central section of the existing frontage withdistinctive oriel window is part of this and is by German andFuller. The office blocks of c. 1980 in glass and granite claddingare by Stephenson Gibney and Associates. It has a cellar toWestmoreland Street which extends c. 3m beyond the frontbuilding line towards the proposed alignment. The structural formof the cellar is mass concrete and blockwork.Location: Nos. 35–36 Westmoreland StreetFormer Pearl Insurance BuildingNos. 35–36 Westmoreland Street is the former Pearl Insurancebuilding of 1936 by A.F. Hendy and is located on the corner withFleet Street. It has Neo-classical façades with giant Ionic orderspanning first and second floors, mansard roof and a cantedcorner with clock face and copper topped cupola facing the street.Location: Nos. 37–39 Westmoreland StreetVery highVery highVery highVery highModern BuildingNos. 37–39 Westmoreland Street is a modern infill section to theWestin Hotel (similar to those on College Street beside the formerProvincial Bank (AH114) by Henry J. Lyons) and dates to the1990s. The façade is five bays of limestone in stripped Classicalstyle over five storeys with dormer accommodation.AH148WithinACA, CAMediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge635

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street (also Nos. 1–2 College Street)AH149 RPS 8754AH150 RPS 3711Former Scottish Widows Insurance BuildingNos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street is the Scottish WidowsInsurance building of 1875 by Thomas Newenham Deane. It isfour storeys of distinctive red sandstone with details in Portlandand limestone in a venetian palazzo composition. It is currently abranch of AIB. It forms part of Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street(AH111). The cellar has a concrete frame built after the originalbuilding. The cellar extends beyond the building line.Location: D’Olier Street/Hawkins StreetD’Olier ChambersThis building was constructed c. 1891 by J.K. Fuller and originallya branch of tobacco manufacturers. It has a four-storey brickfaçade with substantial terracotta detailing including decorativegabled canted front with arched opes at ground and first floorlevel, cast iron balcony at second floor level and balustradebalcony at fourth floor level. It has a cellar built of brick andmasonry to Hawkins Street which extends beyond the frontbuilding line towards the proposed alignment.Location: Hawkins StreetVery highVery highScreen CinemaThis building was designed by Henry J. Lyons Architects. Itcomprises a modern, concrete faced cinema with awning to frontand raised cobble area with signature iron usher statue.Note: In relation to the statue of the usher outside the cinemaplease refer to AC38 in the Material Assets: Archaeology andCultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter23). The building has a basement built of reinforced concrete andit does not extend beyond the building line.AH151N/ALowLocation: Nos. 1–2 Hawkins StreetLicensed PremisesNos. 1–2 Hawkins Street, a licensed premises, is a five-bay, twoand a half storey brick façade with gable to one side over pubfront. It is probably 19 th century in origin. The basement of thebuilding is built of brick and solid masonry and extends beyondthe building line. The architect is unknown.AH152WithinACAMediumLocation: Nos. 3–4 Hawkins StreetAH153 RPS 2353Georgian BuildingNos. 3–4 Hawkins Street is a pair of two-bay, three-storeyrendered, originally Georgian, houses with a shop front at groundfloor level of No. 4. The building forms part of the rear of Nos.19–20 D’Olier Street. It has a cellar built partially of brick, stoneand masonry which extends beyond the front building line.Very high636Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 9–10 Hawkins StreetAH154 RPS 2354Dublin Gaslight BuildingRear of Bord Gáis building (No. 26 D’Olier Street). Thebuilding dates to c. 1928 and was designed by RKDArchitects. It has a brick façade with solid ground floorplinth of limestone punctured by two large arches and ashop front to the north end at ground floor. It has four Gothicstyle windows at first floor level with stone linings, transomsand mullions topped off with a second floor clad in panelsof painted wood with two gables in the Tudor style. Thestructural form of the basement is reinforced concrete and itdoes not extend beyond the building line.Location: No. 14 Hawkins StreetVery highPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 14 Hawkins Street is a five-storey, four-bay brickbuilding. There are possible remnants of the originalGeorgian building still present. The structural form of thecellar comprises solid masonry, concrete and steel beamsand the cellar extends beyond the building line.AH155Within CALowLocation: No. 8 Burgh QuayAH156 RPS 1020AH157 RPS 1021AH158 RPS 102219 th Century BuildingNo. 8 Burgh Quay has a two-bay, four-storey brick façadewith arched opes at ground floor level shop front and someoriginal window joinery retained. It is probably 19 th century inorigin. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick andsolid masonry and the cellar extends beyond the buildingline. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 9 Burgh Quay19 th Century BuildingNo. 19 Burgh Quay has a two-bay, four-storey brick façadewith a ground floor level shop front (currently The Beanery)and some original window joinery retained. It is probably 19 thcentury in origin. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 10 Burgh Quay19 th Century BuildingNo. 10 Burgh Quay has a two-bay, four-storey brick façadewith a ground floor level shop front (currently BirminghamCameras) and some original window joinery retained. It isprobably 19 th century in origin. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge637

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Hawkins Street/Burgh QuayAH159 RPS 1015Sheahan MemorialSheahan Memorial dating to 1906 and dedicated toConstable Patrick Sheahan who died trying to save a man.Pedestal in polished limestone and granite with Celtic Cross.The architect/designer was W.P. O’Neill and it was sculptedby W. Harrison and Sons.Note: Refer also to AC48 in the Material Assets:Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of thisEIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Location: Burgh QuayVery highQuay WallsAH160Within ACA, CACut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping(three courses high, c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey.Burgh Quay was constructed during the works of the WSCin the early 19 th century and is later than many of the otherquays along the River Liffey.Very highLocation: Aston QuayQuay WallsAH161RMPDU018-020427,within ACA, CACut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping(c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey. Aston Quay is oneof the oldest quays and was originally known as HawkinsQuay when it was constructed in the mid-17 th century.Note: Refer also to AC49 in the Material Assets:Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of thisEIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Very highLocation: O’Connell BridgeAH162 RPS 895O’Connell BridgeOriginally 1791 by James Gandon (Carlisle Bridge) rebuiltby Bindon Blood Stoney in 1876 to match O’Connell Street.Animated with ornamental Portland stone, spandrels,balustrades and parapets with Riverine heads and cast ironlamp standards of different types.Note: Refer also to Material Assets: Archaeology andCultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 23).Location: Burgh QuayVery highAH163Within CAPost BoxGreen painted, iron post box with black painted plinth.Modern version of original and more ornate Penfold type.Medium638Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Aston QuayAH164Within ACA, CAPost BoxGreen painted, iron post box with black painted plinth.Modern version of original and more ornate Penfold type.MediumLocation: Eden QuayQuay WallsAH165RMPDU018-020428,within ACA, CACut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping(c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey. Similar to BurghQuay, Eden Quay was constructed during the works of theWSC in the early 19 th century and is later than many of theother quays along the River Liffey. It has recently had acantilevered timber walkway fixed to it.Very highNote: Refer also to AC54 in the Material Assets:Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of thisEIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Location: Bachelors WalkQuay WallsAH166RMPDU018-020428,within ACA, CACut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping(c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey. It was constructedin the early 18 th century. It has recently had a cantileveredtimber walkway fixed to it.Note: Refer also to AC54 in the Material Assets:Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of thisEIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Very highLocation: No. 1 O’Connell Street LowerAH167 RPS 6106AH168 RPS 6107Neo-classical BuildingNo. 1 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises andcurrently contains Irish Nationwide. It was reconstructed in1917, by architects O’Callaghan and Webb. It has a fourstoreyNeo-classical granite pilastered façade over a shopusing Ionic and Doric orders with a canted corner. The cellarextends c. 1–2m beyond the building line.Location: Nos. 2–4 O’Connell Street LowerFormer Hibernian Bank BuildingNos. 2–4 O’Connell Street Lower is a bank (the formerHibernian Bank) by James Hannah of 1923. The façade isexecuted with Portland and granite in the Palladian style.Red brick and limestone are also used to the front of No.2 O’Connell Street Lower. The structural form of the cellarcomprises brickwork and masonry and the cellar extends c.3m beyond the building line.Very highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge639

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 5 O’Connell Street LowerAH169 RPS 6108AH170 RPS 6109AH171 RPS 6110Early 20 th Century BuildingNo. 5 O’Connell Street Lower is a mid-terrace infill in brickand stone containing a shop and offices. It dates to c. 1917.The structural form of the cellar is masonry and the cellarextends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: Nos. 6–7 O’Connell Street LowerFormer Dublin Bread Company Picture HouseNos. 6–7 O’Connell Street Lower is a bank and was theformer Dublin Bread Company Picture House by G.F.Beckett. It dates to c. 1917. The façade of five bays in graniteand Portland stone, in the Classical style, is similar to someof its neighbours on O’Connell Street and is dominatedby the large central arch. The structural form of the cellarcomprises concrete frame supporting basement. The cellarextends c. 3m beyond the building line.Location: No. 8 O’Connell Street LowerFormer Broadway CafeNo. 8 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises(formerly the Broadway Cafe), which was much altered in1952, and was originally constructed in 1917 by FrederickHiggenbottom. The façade is executed in stone and brickover five storeys with an inset curved bay window over thefirst and second floors. The small doughnut kiosk within it isalso of interest. The cellar extends c. 3m west beyond thebuilding line.Location: No. 9 O’Connell Street LowerVery highVery highVery highQuinn Insurance BuildingNo. 9 O’Connell Street Lower is the Quinn Insurancebuilding. It has a mid-terrace, two-bay, brick and stonefaçade over five storeys with bay window and shop frontat ground and first floor levels. The building is probablyearly 20 th century in origin. The structural form of the cellarcomprises brickwork and masonry. The cellar extends c. 1mbeyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH172Within ACA, CAMedium640Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 10–11 O’Connell Street Lower/38–39 Abbey Street LowerAH173 RPS 6111AH174 RPS 6112AH175 RPS 6113AH176 RPS 611419 th Century BuildingNos. 10–11 O’Connell Street Lower/Nos. 38–39 AbbeyStreet Lower is a commercial premises and is the FormerMunster and Leinster Bank. It was built in 1932 by architectsMcDonald and Dixon and has a Classical façade in Portlandand granite with columns (between the first and fifth floors)forming the bays facing onto O’Connell Street over fivestoreys (and an attic storey) with a curved entrance cornerrising to a tower. The structural form of the cellar comprisesa supporting façade/concrete frame with a brick arch to thefront. The cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line.Location: Nos. 12–13 O’Connell Street LowerFormer Munster & Leinster BankNos. 12–13 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercialpremises in the former Hibernian Bank dating to c. 1917 anddesigned by W.H. Byrne and Son. It has a Classical façadein granite with a canted corner to Abbey Street and threebays over five storeys facing O’Connell Street. A coppermansard storey with tower animates the building at highlevel and reciprocates Nos. 10–11 O’Connell Street Lower(AH173). The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry. Thecellar extends c. 2.5m beyond the building line.Location: Nos. 14–15 O’Connell Street LowerFormer Munster & Leinster BankNos. 14–15 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercialpremises dating to c. 1917. It has an atypical façade usingless brick and granite and more glass than its neighbours.The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonrybrick and stonework with steel beams at ceiling level in frontsection. Brick vaulted ceilings also evident in front section ofcellar beneath footpath. The cellar extends c. 3.5m from thefront elevation. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 16 O’Connell Street LowerFormer Unity BuildingNo. 16 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises(along with No. 17 O’Connell Street Lower – AH177). It isthe former Unity Building which was built in 1917 by GeorgeL. O’Connor. It is a Neo-Georgian façade over five storeysin red brick and granite and was re-clad in 1988. The cellaris built of solid masonry stone and brickwork with concretecolumns to front section and beams at ceiling level. Thecellar extends c. 3m from the front elevation.Very highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge641

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 17 O’Connell Street LowerAH177 RPS 6115AH178 RPS 6116AH179 RPS 6117AH180 RPS 6118Former Unity BuildingNo. 17 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (alongwith No. 16 O’Connell Street Lower – AH176). It is the formerUnity Building which was built in 1917 by George L. O’Connor. It isa Neo-Georgian façade over five storeys in red brick and graniteand was re-clad in 1988. The cellar is built of stone and brickwork.The cellar extends beyond the building line but there is no accessto side section from within building and access to cellar is onlythrough the adjacent building.Location: Nos. 18–27 O’Connell Street LowerClerys Department StoreNos. 18–27 O’Connell Street Lower is a department store (Clerys)over four storeys dating to c. 1922. It has a Portland stonefaçade on a reinforced concrete frame. Its architect was RobertFrank Atkinson of Ashln and Coleman Architects. The first andsecond floors read as a single element with cast iron spandreland mullions in-filling the Ionic colonnade. There is a balustradeattic storey above cornice. The structural form of the cellar is aconcrete frame supporting upper walls that extends c. 1.4m westand c. 1m south of the building line.Location: No. 28 O’Connell Street LowerFormer BankNo. 28 O’Connell Street Lower is a bank building dating to c. 1917and designed by McDonnell and Dixon. It is a three-bay Classicalfaçade in granite and Portland stone. It contains some interiorsof interest with faïence used. The structural form of the cellarcomprises a concrete frame supporting the façade. The cellarextends c. 3m beyond the building line.Location: No. 29 O’Connell Street LowerNeo-classical BuildingNo. 29 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (alongwith Nos. 30–34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH181–AH184). It wasbuilt c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore, Keefe and Robinson.It has a Neo-classical, two-bay façade in Portland and granite.The cellar is built with traditional masonry with steel beamssupporting upper floors. The cellar extends c. 1m beyond thebuilding line.Very highVery highVery highVery high642Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 30–31 O’Connell Street LowerAH181 RPS 6119AH182 RPS 6120AH183 RPS 6121AH184 RPS 6122Neo-classical BuildingNos. 30–31 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises(along with Nos. 29 and 32–34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180and AH182–AH184). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly,Moore, Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical façade inPortland and granite over four storeys. The structural form of thecellar is masonry. The cellar extends c. 1.4m beyond the buildingline.Location: No. 32 O’Connell Street LowerNeo-classical BuildingNo. 32 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (alongwith Nos. 29–31 and 33–34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180–181and AH183–AH184). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly,Moore, Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical façade inPortland and granite over four storeys. The cellar is of masonrybuild and extends c. 1m beyond the building line.Location: No. 33 O’Connell Street LowerNeo-classical BuildingNo. 33 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (alongwith Nos. 29–32 and 34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180–AH182and AH184). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore,Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical façade in Portlandand granite over four storeys. The cellar is of masonry build andextends beyond the building line.Location: No. 34 O’Connell Street LowerNeo-classical BuildingNo. 34 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (alongwith Nos. 29–33 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180–AH183). It wasbuilt c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore, Keefe and Robinson.It has a Neo-classical façade in Portland and granite over fourstoreys.Location: Nos. 35–39 O’Connell Street LowerVery highVery highVery highVery highModern BuildingNos. 35–39 O’Connell Street Lower is located on the corner withPrinces Street. It has three storeys over a commercial groundfloor with five bays in concrete panels and stone cladding. Thebuilding is late 20 th century in origin. The structural form of thebasement is a concrete frame supporting the structures above.The basement does not extend beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.AH185WithinACA, CALowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge643

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 40–42 O’Connell Street LowerAH186 RPS 6123H187 RPS 6124AH188 RPS 17AH189 RPS 6125EasonsNos. 40–42 O’Connell Street Lower is Easons book shop built in1919 and designed by J.A. Ruthven. It has a Neo-classical façadeover five storeys and three bays with areas of polished granite onground floor. Ionic pilasters span the first and second floors wherethe distinctive clock detail is mounted. The cellar is built of solidmasonry and extends c. 7m east and c. 2m south of the buildingline.Location: Nos. 43–44 O’Connell Street LowerClassical Style BuildingNos. 43–44 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premiseslocated on the corner with Abbey Street Lower. It was builtc. 1917 by architects Bachelor and Hicks. It has two, three-bay,street frontages over four storeys over shop front in a Classicalstyle using Stradbally limestone. Its distinctive features includethe use of Ionic columns spanning first and second floors and thedecorative rams head consoles to third floor under heavy stringcourse. The structural form of the cellar supports the buildingfaçade. The cellar extends c. 6m beyond the building line.Location: No. 78 Abbey Street MiddleThe Oval BarIt is a bar built in 1917 by McDonnell and Dixon Architects. It hasa bowed limestone ground floor with four Ionic columns and infillwindow and door joinery. The upper floors are in brick with a baywindow at first floor level.Location: Nos. 45–46 O’Connell Street LowerNeo-classical Style BuildingNos. 45–46 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premisesbuilt c. 1917. It has a four-storey over shop front Neo-classicalfaçade in brick and granite with unusual two-storey bay windowarrangement at first and second floors. Canted façade to cornerwith bronze cupola detail to top. The structural form of the cellarcomprises masonry and steel and extends c. 3m beyond the frontbuilding line. The architect is unknown.Location: Nos. 47–48 O’Connell Street LowerVery highVery highVery highVery highModern BuildingNos. 47–48 O’Connell Street Lower is a modernist infill buildingdating to c. 2001 which currently contains Schuh. The cellar isbuilt of masonry and concrete and extends c. 4m beyond thebuilding line.AH190WithinACA, CALow644Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 49 O’Connell Street LowerConfectioner’s HallAH191WithinACA, CAConfectioners Hall, formerly Lemon’s sweet shop and factory.Now Foot Locker. Two-bay brick façade on upper floors withinteresting tiled finish at first floor level. It was built c. 1917. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises masonry rebuilt ceilingsand walls. The cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 50 O’Connell Street LowerEarly 20 th Century BuildingNo. 50 O’Connell Street Lower has a two-bay, five-storey façadein brick with granite front and decorative linings to windows atupper floors. It was built c. 1917. The structural form of the cellarcomprises masonry and concrete beams supporting the buildingfacade. The cellar extendsc. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH192WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 51 O’Connell Street LowerEarly 20 th Century BuildingNo. 51 O’Connell Street Lower has a single bay, five-storey façadewith granite front at ground floor, protruding bay window at first,second and third and interesting arched detail with balustrade totop of brick façade. It was built c. 1917. The structural form of thecellar comprises masonry and concrete beams supporting thebuilding facade. The cellar extends c. 1m beyond the building line.The architect is unknown.AH193WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 52 O’Connell Street LowerEarly 20 th Century BuildingNo. 52 O’Connell Street Lower has a two-bay, four-storey brickfaçade over commercial premises with stone details. It was built c.1917. The cellar is built of solid masonry and brickwork. The cellarextends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH194WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 53–54 O’Connell Street LowerEarly 20 th Century BuildingNos. 53–54 O’Connell Street Lower was built c. 1917 and hasextensive recent alterations. It has a four-bay façade at secondand third floor and large arch opes at first floor level with stonedetailing to shop front at ground floor level. The architect isunknown. Currently contains Burger King restaurant. The cellarshows evidence of structural alterations to basement. The cellarextends c. 0.3m east of the building line.AH195WithinACA, CAMediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge645

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 55 O’Connell Street Lower19 th Century BuildingAH196WithinACA, CANo. 55 O’Connell Street Lower has a 19 th century brick façadewhich survived the 1916 Easter Rising. It has two bays over fivestoreys above shop front with a curved gable at top with circularplaque wind compass. The cellar is built of masonry and extendsc. 4m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 56 O’Connell Street LowerAH197 RPS 6126AH198 RPS 6101AH199 RPS 6129Former Capp & Peterson’s BuildingNo. 56 O’Connell Street Lower was formerly the premises ofCapp and Peterson. It is a brick, four-storey corner building withBachelors Walk over a shop. It has a single bay facing O’ConnellStreet. It was built c. 1917. The cellar is built of solid masonryand extends c. 3m south under Bachelors Walk and c. 1.4m eastunder O’Connell Street. The architect is unknown.Location: O’Connell Street LowerThe GPOBuilt in 1814 by Francis Johnston, the building is dominated bythe giant five-bay Ionic portico which oversails much of the publicpathway. The elegantly fluted Portland stone columns carry agiant and highly decorative entablature with the altered tympanum(the royal arms were removed in restoration works in the 1920s),three statues by John Smyth – Fidelity, Hibernia and Mercury anda balustrade above. Set back behind the portico to either side,there are five bays over three floors in rusticated and coursedashlar granite with a cornice and balustrade at parapet level. Theinteriors including the large postal hall and mezzanine toppedwith decorative ceilings are also of note. The GPO is of particularhistoric significance being the site of the Proclamation of the IrishRepublic. The cellar is built of stone, masonry and brickwork andextends c. 4m beyond the building line.Location: No. 1 O’Connell Street UpperKylemore CafeKylemore premises (with No. 2 O’Connell Street Upper – AH200)and offices to upper floors dating from c. 1917. It has a strippedClassical façade in brick and Portland stone over five storeys witha mansard by architects O’Callaghan and Webb. Canted at thecorner with decorative features in Portland stone. The structuralform of the cellar comprises masonry and brickwork. The cellarextends c. 5m beyond the building line.Very highVery highVery high646Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 2 O’Connell Street UpperAH200 RPS 6130Kylemore CafeKylemore premises (with No. 1 O’Connell Street Upper – AH199)and offices to upper floors dating from c. 1917. It has a strippedClassical façade in brick and Portland stone over five storeys witha mansard by architects O’Callaghan and Webb. Canted at cornerwith decorative features in Portland stone. The cellar is built ofbrickwork and masonry and extends c. 5m beyond the buildingline.Location: No. 3 O’Connell Street UpperVery highMid 20 th Century BuildingThe architect for No. 3 was F. Bergin and it was constructed usingsalvaged steel from the bombed shell of the GPO after 1916. Ithas a two-bay brick façade over five storeys with distinctive neonsignage to the front, built c. 1952. The cellar is built of masonryand brickwork and extends c. 4m beyond the building line.AH201WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 4 O’Connell Street UpperEarly 20 th Century BuildingNo. 4 O’Connell Street Upper has a two-bay, five-storey façadein brick and stone with quoins to either side and was built c. 1917.The cellar is built of masonry and brickwork and extends c. 4mbeyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH202WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 5–8 O’Connell Street UpperEarly 20 th Century BuildingNos. 5–8 O’Connell Street Upper has a stripped Classical façadeover five storeys in brick and granite with heavy string coursebetween fourth and fifth floors. The architect was P.J. Mundenand it dates to the early 20 th century. It is located on the cornerwith Cathedral Street. The structural form of the cellar comprisesmasonry and brickwork. The cellar extends c. 4m beyond thebuilding line.AH203WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 9–11 O’Connell Street UpperFormer Drogheda HouseNos. 9–11 O’Connell Street Upper was formerly Drogheda House,rebuilt in the 1920s. The building is four storeys over commercialwith stripped Classical style in limestone with canted corner andbalustrade to the west section. It is located on the corner withCathedral Street. The cellar is built of masonry and extends c. 4mbeyond the building line.AH204WithinACA, CAMediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge647

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 12–13 O’Connell Street UpperFormer Hammon HotelAH205WithinACA, CANos. 12–13 O’Connell Street Upper are the Hamman Buildings(formerly the Hamman Hotel) by architects Chillingworth andLevie with H.G. Leask dating to the early 20 th century. It hasa nine-bay façade in Portland stone with Ionic order over fivestoreys and attic. The attic storey is particularly unusual withdormers to either side of a Portland entablature. A mezzanine isexpressed through the façade on ground floor. The cellar extendsc. 2.4m beyond the building line.MediumLocation: Nos. 14–15 O’Connell Street Upper1920’s BuildingNos. 14–15 O’Connell Street Upper probably dates to the 1920s.It has a stripped Classical façade in limestone over five floorswith a copper mansard roof. It currently contains La Pizza andTourist Information. The structural form of the cellar comprisessolid masonry with a concrete frame. The cellar extends c. 2.5mbeyond the front elevation. The architect is unknown.AH206WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 16–17 O’Connell Street UpperAH207 RPS 6131Savoy CinemaSavoy Cinema built c. 1929 by F.C. Mitchell. It retains its originalfaçade with Temple of the Winds pilaster order above ground floorlevel which along with the interiors has recently been remodelled.The structural form of the cellar is a concrete frame. The cellarextends c. 2.4m beyond the building line.Location: Nos. 18–19 O’Connell Street UpperVery high1920’s BuildingNos. 18–19 O’Connell Street Upper has a 1920s strippedClassical façade in stone over five storeys with copper mansardroof. It mirrors the buildings at Nos. Nos. 14–16 O’Connell StreetUpper (AH206–AH207). It contains Madigans and an extensionto the Savoy Cinema (AH207). The structural form of the cellar isa concrete frame. The cellar extends c. 2.4m beyond the buildingline.AH208WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: Nos. 20–23 O’Connell Street UpperAH209 RPS 6132Gresham HotelThis is located on the corner with Cathal Brugha Street. TheGresham originally occupied Nos. 21 and 22 O’Connell StreetUpper when built in 1817 but was destroyed by fire in 1922. It wasrebuilt in 1925 by Robert Atkinson and has a Classical façadeover eleven bays and six storeys of Portland stone with recentlyand substantially altered interiors. The cellar has s a brick vaultedarch that extends c. 7m beyond the building lineVery high648Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 32–34 O’Connell Street UpperEarly 20 th Century BuildingAH210WithinACA, CANos. 32–34 O’Connell Street Upper are a pair of four-storeybuildings with two-bay brick façades, stone detailing aroundthe windows at first floor level and a shop front below. They areprobably 20 th century in origin. The cellar is built of masonryand brickwork and extends c. 6m beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.MediumLocation: Nos. 35 O’Connell Street Upper20 th Century BuildingNo. 35 O’Connell Street Lower has a five-storey brick façadeover two bays with a penthouse floor and a ground floor shop. Itis probably 20 th century in origin. The structural form of the cellaris to support the facade. The cellar extends c. 9.5m beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.AH211WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 36 O’Connell Street Upper20 th Century BuildingNo. 36 O’Connell Street Lower is located on the corner withParnell Street and it has a four-storey stripped Classical façadewith a ground floor shop and a heavy string course at secondfloor level as well as a canted corner. It is probably 20 th century inorigin. The structural form of the cellar comprises a solid masonryconstruction. The cellar extends c. 2m from the O’ConnellStreet elevation and c. 1m from the Parnell Street elevation. Thearchitect is unknown.AH212WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 37 (with No. 38) O’Connell Street Upper (West Side)AH213 RPS 613320 th Century BuildingNo. 37 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises with athree-storey, eight-bay Italianate façade in granite and Portlandstone with balustrade and pedimented windows at first floor level.It was built c. 1936 by Bachelor and Hicks with an extension by V.McGrane. The interiors are of interest. The cellar is built of solidmasonry brick and stonework, with partially brick arched andvaulted coal cellars beneath footpath. The cellars extend c. 7meast and c. 1m north of the building line.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge649

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 38 (with No. 37) O’Connell Street UpperAH214 RPS 6134AH215 RPS 6135AH216 RPS 6136AH217 RPS 613720 th Century BuildingNo. 38 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises with athree-storey, eight-bay Italianate façade in granite and Portlandstone with balustrade and pedimented windows at first floor level.It was built c. 1936 by architects Bachelor and Hicks with anextension by V. McGrane. The interiors are of interest. It has acellar to O’Connell Street which extends beyond the front buildingline towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of thecellar comprises solid masonry brick and stonework with partiallybrick arched and vaulted coal cellars beneath footpath. Thecellars extend c. 7m east and c. 1m north of the building line.Location: No. 42 O’Connell Street UpperPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 42 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises fromthe remnants of an 18 th century house visible on Rocque’s mapof 1756. It has a typical three-bay brick front with a limestonedoorcase. It also has some interesting interiors with plasterwork.The structural form of the cellar comprises mass concrete withcolumns and with brick work to selected areas. The cellar extendsc. 2.2m to wall of ESB substation. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 43 O’Connell Street UpperNeo-classical BuildingNo. 43 O’Connell Street Upper is currently a shoe shop. Theoriginal building was constructed c. 1925 by Bachelor and HicksArchitects. It has a stripped Neo-classical façade in Portlandstone. The cellar built of solid masonry and brickwork. The cellarextends c. 6m beyond the front elevation.Location: No. 44 O’Connell Street UpperGarda PremisesNo. 44 O’Connell Street Upper is a Garda premises. It was builtc. 1925. It has a Neo-classical Portland stone four-storey, twobayfaçade similar to its neighbour at No. 43. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 45 O’Connell Street UpperVery highVery highVery highVery highAH218WithinACA, CA20 th Century BuildingNo. 45 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, three-bayfaçade in granite and Portland stone and dates to c. 1930s. Thearchitect is unknown.Medium650Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 52–54 O’Connell Street UpperFormer Carlton CinemaThis is the former Carlton Cinema which was built c. 1937 byarchitects Robinson, Keefe and Devane. The upper storeys of theoriginal Carlton Cinema façade survive. They are in the Art Decostyle and executed in Portland stone and render with a seven-baycolonnade at the upper floors. The basement is built of brickworkand mass concrete. The basement does not extend beyond thebuilding line.AH219RPS 6138RPS 6139RPS 6140Very highLocation: No. 57 O’Connell Street UpperAH220 RPS 6141AH221 RPS 6142Art Deco BuildingNo. 57 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises and theformer chemist of A & R Thwaites. It was designed by H.V. Millerc. 1922. It has a granite and brick Art Deco façade. The structuralform of the cellar comprises brickwork, concrete walls, concretecolumns, ceiling blocks and pre-cast concrete ceilings. The cellarextends c. 6m along the east and front elevation of the buildingline.Location: No. 58 O’Connell Street UpperNeo-Georgian BuildingNo. 58 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises and wasbuilt c. 1924 by W.H. Byrne. It has a Neo-Georgian façade in brickand granite. The property does have a cellar.Location: No. 59 O’Connell Street UpperVery highVery highFormer CIE OfficesFormer CIÉ offices which were built c. 1959 by Brendan Ellis.Reputedly the earliest example of pre-stressed concrete frameconstruction in Ireland, it has a four-storey façade with infillpanelling and a granite shop front at ground floor level. Thestructural form of the cellar is free standing and supporting thefaçade and consists of a combination of masonry and steel frame.The cellar extends approximatelyc. 3m along the front elevation.AH222WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: No. 60 O’Connell Street UpperAH223 RPS 6143Former Colonial Insurance Company BuildingNo. 60 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises with afour-storey, three-bay façade in limestone and brick with arches.It is the former Colonial Insurance Company built c. 1863. ItsRuskinian façade by W.G. Murray has a stone base and brickfloors above it. The structural form of the cellar comprises stoneand brick masonry. The cellar extends c. 2m beyond the frontelevation. Part of the front cellar is blocked off.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge651

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 61 O’Connell Street UpperAH224 RPS 6144AH225 RPS 6145AH226 RPS 6146AH227 RPS 6147AH228 RPS 6148Georgian Building (Remodelled)No. 61 O’Connell Street Upper has a substantially remodelled18 th century four-storey brick façade with stone linings andpediments to upper floor windows. The structural form of thecellar comprises both drylined masonry and new concrete beams.The cellar extends approximately c. 6m east of the building line.The architect is unknown.Location: No. 62 O’Connell Street UpperFormer Pillar TheatreNo. 62 O’Connell Street Upper is a mid-terrace building and hasa five-storey brick and stone façade. It is the former Pillar Theatrebuilt c. 1913 by Aubrey Vincent O’Rourke. Its pedimented brickfaçade has limestone dressings in the Neo-classical style. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brickwith concrete columns and beams. The cellar extends c. 2mbeyond the front elevation.Location: Nos. 63–64 O’Connell Street UpperFormer Royal BankNos. 63–64 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, four-bayrendered façade with quoins and decorative window linings. Itwas originally the Royal Bank built c. 1869 by Charles Geoghanwho renovated two earlier 18 th century houses on the site. It hasa Neo-classical façade executed in render. The cellar is builtof masonry and stone. The cellar extends c. 2.3m beyond thebuilding line.Location: No. 65 O’Connell Street UpperFormer Standard Life Assurance Company BuildingNo. 65 O’Connell Street Upper is a bank (along with No. 66O’Connell Street Upper – AH228). This is the former StandardLife Assurance Company building built in c. 1861 and remodelledas a bank in 1952 by David Bryce. It has a five-bay portico inthe Corinthian order, unusually (for O’Connell Street) in goldsandstone on upper levels. The cellar is built of brickwork andmasonry. The cellar extends c. 5.6m beyond the building line.Location: No. 66 O’Connell Street UpperFormer Standard Life Assurance Company BuildingNo. 66 O’Connell Street Upper is a bank (along with No. 65O’Connell Street Upper – AH227). This is the former StandardLife Assurance Company building built in c. 1861 and remodelledas a bank in 1952 by David Bryce. It has a five-bay portico inthe Corinthian order, unusually (for O’Connell Street) in goldsandstone on upper levels. The cellar is built of brickwork andmasonry. The cellar extends c. 5.6m beyond the building line.Very highVery highVery highVery highVery high652Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 67 O’Connell Street UpperAH229 RPS 6149AH230 RPS 615019 th Century BuildingNo. 67 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, two-bayrendered façade with a shop at ground floor level. It is probably19 th century in date. The cellar is built of masonry and extends c.6m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 68 O’Connell Street Upper19 th Century BuildingNo. 68 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, two-bayrendered façade with decorative window surrounds and a shop atground floor level. It may have been built with No. 69 O’ConnellStreet Upper (AH231). It is probably 19 th century in date. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises masonry basementsupporting the front façade while the coal bunker is free standing.The cellar extends c. 2.3m beyond the building line. Two coalcellars, located at the front of the basement, are now blocked off.The architect is unknown.Location: No. 69 O’Connell Street UpperVery highVery high19 th Century BuildingNo. 69 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, three-bayrendered façade with decorative window surrounds and a shop atground floor level. It may have been built with No. 68 O’ConnellStreet Upper (AH230). It is probably 19 th century in date. Thestructural form of the cellar is masonry supporting the façade.The cellar extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.AH231WithinACA, CAMediumLocation: O’Connell Street UpperAH232 RPS 6128Father Theobald Mathew MonumentCentenary statue to Father Theobald Mathew, the Capuchin friarwho promoted the idea of teetotalism in Ireland and America inthe 1840s. The monument is in limestone with a life-size figureof Father Mathew on top of a base which bears the followinginscription:“Father Mathew the Apostle of Temperance Centenary Statue1890”.It was carved by Mary Redmond between 1890 and 1893when it was unveiled. The foundation stone was laid in 1890 tocommemorate the centenary of Father Mathew’s birth.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge653

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: O’Connell Street UpperCharles Stewart Parnell Monument, Plaque and fourVictorian cast iron bollardsBronze monument and 9m high granite column commemoratingCharles Stewart Parnell along with four Victorian cast-ironbollards on the adjacent traffic island to the south of the ParnellMonument. The Parnell monument was started in 1899 andcompleted by 1911 and was a collaboration between the Irish-American sculptor, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Henry Bacon andGeorge P. Sheridan. The stone shaft is in Shantall granite fromGalway with an inlaid trefoil of Barna granite. Unusually, the statueis placed at the base of the associated shaft, with a bronze torchfixed to the top of the shaft. Below the statue are a number ofbukrania carvings and the names of the provinces and counties ofIreland are inset into the pedestal in bronze plaques. A quote byParnell from one of his speeches and chosen by John Redmondis set into the southern face of the shaft and reads as follows:“To Charles Stewart ParnellNo Man has a right to fix theBoundary to the march of a nationNo man has a rightTo say to his countryThus far shalt thouGo and no furtherWe have neverAttempted to fixThe ne-plus-ultraTo the progress of Ireland’s nationhoodAnd we never shallGo roimhigid DiaÉire da Clainn”.To the immediate south of the statue and pillar are four mid-Victorian cast-iron bollards with foliate ornament (Casey, 2005).These bollards appear to form one of the few remaining parts of asuite of street furniture fitted to the street in the 1870s. They werelifted and restored as part of the 2000’s work to O’Connell Streetand now (in apparently slightly different position) surround abronze plaque set into the pavement which is entitled the “ParnellMonument”. It is a centenary bronze plaque to the sculptorAugustus Saint-Gaudens and was designed by Lawrence J.Nowlan. The bollards are very similar to those which surroundedthe William Smith-O’Brien monument in its original D’Olier Streetsite.Note: Refer also to Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturalHeritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).AH233NationalMonumentRPS 6127Very high654Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Central median O’Connell StreetAH234WithinACA, CASpire monument (Monument of Light)A 120m high steel spire designed by Ian Ritchie Architects.It is located on the site of the former Nelson’s Pillar and wascompleted in 2003.MediumLocation: O’Connell Street LowerAH235 RPS 6102Cast-iron Bollards at GPO KerblineTwo upright cast-iron bollards and six dome-head, “sunken”, castironbollards located at the GPO kerb line. These date from thefirst part of the 19 th century and are visible on a photo of the GPOfrom 1858 where they functioned as the bases to two sets of lampstandards which have since been removed.Location: O’Connell Street LowerVery highDaniel O’Connell MonumentAH236NationalMonumentRPS 6103The O’Connell Monument is in bronze. It was started in 1866 byJohn Henry Foley and completed in 1882 by his pupil, ThomasBrock. The monument is made of four elements; the limestonebase, the cylindrical frieze above it, the four winged figuresaround it and the figure of O’Connell himself on top.Note: Refer also to Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturalHeritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).Very highLocation: O’Connell Street LowerAH237 RPS 6104Sir John Gray MonumentThe Sir John Gray Monument is a statue of the nationalist MPexecuted in a Sicilian white marble on a granite base, carved byThomas Farrell and completed in 1879, just four years after Gray’sdeath.Location: O’Connell Street LowerVery highWilliam Smith O’Brien MonumentAH238NationalMonumentRPS 6105The William Smith O’Brien Monument is the second of ThomasFarrell’s statues on the street. It was finished in 1870 in a Sicilianwhite marble with a granite base. It was originally located onD’Olier Street, however, due to the traffic congestion caused byprocessions and demonstrations to the monument, it was moved,in 1929, to its current location on O’Connell Street Lower.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge655

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: O’Connell Street LowerJames Larkin StatueA bronze statue on a granite plinth by the eminent Dublin sculptorOisín Kelly, completed in 1979.Directly below Larkin’s statue is the main inscription attributedoriginally to the French Revolutionary Camille Desmoulins. Itreads:“The great appear great because we are on our knees. Let usrise!Ní uasal aon uasal ach sinne bheith íseal. Éirímis!Le grands ne sont grands que parce que nous sommes a genoux.Levons-nous!”AH239WithinACA, CATo either side of Larkin are extracts from the poem “Jim Larkin” byPatrick Kavanagh and from the play “Drums under the Windows”by Sean O’Casey and read as follows:“And Tyranny trampled them in Dublin’s gutterUntil Jim Larkin came along and criedThe call of Freedom and the call of PrideAnd Slavery crept to its hands and kneesAnd Nineteen Thirteen cheered from out the utterDegradation of their miseries”.“…He talked to the workers, spoke as only Jim Larkin couldspeak, not for an assignation with peace, dark obedience, orplacid resignation, but trumpet-tongued of resistance to wrong,discontent with leering poverty, and defiance of any powerstrutting out to stand in the way of their march onward”.MediumLocation: Westmoreland StreetAH240WithinACA, CAPost BoxGreen painted, iron post box with black painted plinth. Modernversion of original and more ornate Penfold type.MediumLocation: O’Connell StreetAH241WithinACA, CAPost BoxGreen painted, iron post box with black painted plinth. Modernversion of original and more ornate Penfold type.MediumLocation: No. 12 Eden QuayAH242 RPS 2519Seaman’s InstituteThis building is located on the corner with Marlborough Street. Itis a brick and granite Classical building dating to c. 1925. It hasa cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the frontbuilding line towards the proposed alignment.Very high656Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 15–17 Eden QuayAH243 RPS 2520AH244 RPS 5112Eden HouseThis building is located on the corner with Marlborough Street andis the former Mercantile Steam Packet Company dating to 1829. Itwas rebuilt in 1916 by W.H. Byrne. The structural form of the cellarcomprises masonry and concrete. The cellar extends beyond thebuilding line.Location: Marlborough StreetSt. Thomas’s ChurchSt. Thomas’s Church dates to c. 1931 and was designed byFrederick Hicks. It is constructed with red brick in a LombardicRomanesque style with terracotta roof tiles and was the RIAIGold Medal winner of 1934. The structural form of the basementcomprises reinforced concrete and masonry. The basement doesnot extend beyond the building line.Location: No. 22 Marlborough StreetVery highVery high19 th Century BuildingAH245N/ANo. 22 Marlborough Street is located on the corner withMarlborough Place. It has a three-storey brick façade and ispossibly 19 th century in origin.LowLocation: No. 23 Marlborough StreetAH246 RPS 5113Possible Georgian BuildingNo. 23 Marlborough Street is a house and shop with possible18 th century remnants. It has a four-storey, two-bay Georgianfaçade in brick with a modern shop front at ground floor level.The architect is unknown. It has a cellar to Marlborough Streetwhich extends beyond the front building line towards the proposedalignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick andmasonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line.Location: 24 Marlborough StreetVery highModern BuildingAH247N/ANo. 24 Marlborough Street has a three-storey, three-bay modernbrick façade with a shop front at ground floor level. The structuralform of the basement comprises brick and masonry and does notextend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.LowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge657

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 25 Marlborough Street/No. 1 Talbot Street (Northeast corner)19 th Century BuildingAH248N/AFour-storey brick building with alterations at first floor and groundfloor shop front. It has a four-bay brick façade with shallow archopes on the upper storeys. It is probably 19 th century in origin.The structural form of the basement comprises brick and masonryand does not extend beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.LowLocation: Nos. 26–27 Marlborough StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNos. 26–27 Marlborough Street has a four-storey, six-bay brickfaçade with shop fronts at ground floor level and replacementjoinery. It is possibly Georgian in origin. The structural form ofthe cellar comprises solid masonry and brick. The cellar extendsbeyond the building line.AH249N/AMediumLocation: No. 28 Marlborough StreetAH250 RPS 5114AH251 RPS 8155Department of EducationNo. 28 Marlborough Street is part of the Department of Educationbuildings. It was formerly a house and has four storeys with athree-bay brick front façade, original joinery and an arched doorwith Ionic cases. The front steps and basement area guarding areexecuted in granite and cast iron. There have been alterationsto the rear although the building retains its 18 th century fabric.The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry with plasterfinish. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: Marlborough StreetDepartment of EducationDepartment of Education Buildings, including the former TyroneHouse (south of site). This complex includes four buildings onthe site shown on the RPS map including Tyrone House and itsmirror image to the northwest of the site (both of which face on toMarlborough Street). It is a large site stretching from Talbot Streetto the south and Gardiner Street to the east with cast iron railingsdividing Marlborough Street from the landscaped forecourt onwhich the Commissioners of National Education formed this setpiece of buildings which had originally contained just a singlehouse – Tyrone House. Tyrone House was built c. 1740 byRichard Cassels and remodelled c. 1835 by Jacob Owen withfurther later alterations by Jacob Owen and Frederick Darley. Themain façade to the north does not face Marlborough Street. It isa three-storey stone front across five bays (six at attic floor) overbasement lightwell.Very highVery high658Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgAH251Cont’dRPS 8155There are decorative surrounds to all windows and a centrallyplaced porch with a first floor Wyatt window. The garden façade(west) faces on to Marlborough Street set back behind the frontarea and railings. Similar to the front façade, it is over sevenbays with an asymmetrically positioned portico and tripartitewindow. North of this is the east–west concourse through thecampus (formerly the stable grounds serving Tyrone House)which were part of the Victorian alterations of 1835. The viewhere is terminated by the clock tower building by Jacob Owendating to 1838 with a distinctive copper cupola. Further north ofthis is the 1835 replica of Tyrone House added by Jacob Owen tolend symmetry to the campus layout. Stone gate lodges by JacobOwen at the north and south ends opening on to MarlboroughStreet as well as the cast-iron railings by Richard Turner arealso Protected Structures. These are located to the front of theDepartment of Education and consist of a long expanse of tall,cast iron railings on a granite base in front of a line of trees.Very highLocation: Marlborough StreetMarlborough CourtMarlborough Court. Red brick modern apartment buildings(including No. 30 Marlborough Street) located to the north of theDepartment of Education (AH251). They are three to five storeyshigh with brick façades, stone bases and detailing mimickingnearby Georgian houses. The property does not contain a cellar.AH252N/ALowLocation: Marlborough Street/Cathal Brugha StreetQ Park HeadquartersThis is a modern car park with limestone façade c. 2000s. Thestructural form of the basement comprises reinforced concreteand masonry. The basement does not extend beyond the buildingline. The architect is unknown.AH253N/ALowLocation: Marlborough Street/Cathal Brugha StreetModern BuildingRecent red brick faced corner building with apartments overCentra located at ground floor level. The building dates to the1990s. The architect is unknown. The build does not have abasement.AH254N/ALowLocation: Marlborough StreetEircom BuildingThis is an eleven-bay, eight-storey concrete framed building withrecently added portico. It turns the corner at Cathal Brugha Streetand is set back from the main building line along MarlboroughStreet. The structural form of the basement is reinforced concrete.The basement does not extend beyond the building line.AH255N/ALowEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge659

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 56 Marlborough Street19 th Century BuildingAH256N/ANo. 56 Marlborough Street has a two-storey rendered façade witha shop at ground floor level. It is probably 19 th century in date. Thearchitect is unknown. The basement is built of masonry and doesnot extend beyond the building line.LowLocation: No. 57 Marlborough Street19 th Century BuildingAH257N/ANo. 57 Marlborough Street is a two-storey, three-bay renderedcommercial premises located on the corner with Parnell Street.It is of possible 19 th century date. The structural form of the cellarcomprises brickwork and solid masonry. The cellar extendsbeyond the building line.LowLocation: No. 97 Parnell StreetAH258 RPS 655719 th Century BuildingNo. 97 Parnell Street has a two-bay, three-storey brick façadewith a ground floor post office and is possibly 19 th century inorigin. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 64 Marlborough StreetVery highAn Bord PleanálaAH259WithinACAAn Bord Pleanála premises built in the 1990s and located onthe northwest corner with Cathal Brugha Street. It is a sevenstoreyhigh building with multiple bays in brick, glass block andwith a glass façade with a granite base. The building steps downtowards Parnell Street. The structural form of the basement iscomprised of reinforced concrete. The basement does not extendbeyond the building line.LowLocation: No. 66 Marlborough StreetArt Deco BuildingAH260RPS 5110RPS 5117Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c.1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over a granite base withgranite detailing to the windows and doorway and a canted cornerat Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe. Theinteriors are also of interest. It is located on the corner with CathalBrugha Street. It now contains the Dublin Institute of Technology(DIT). The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforcedconcrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.Very high660Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 67 Marlborough StreetArt Deco BuildingAH261RPS 5110RPS 5118Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c.1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over granite base withgranite detailing to the windows and doorway and a canted cornerat Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe.Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structuralform of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellarextends beyond the building line.Very highLocation: No. 68 Marlborough StreetArt Deco BuildingBuilt as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c.1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over a granite base withgranite detailing to the windows and doorway and a canted cornerat Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe.Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structuralform of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellarextends beyond the building line.AH262RPS 5110RPS 5119Very highLocation: No. 69 Marlborough StreetArt Deco BuildingBuilt as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c.1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over granite base withgranite detailing to the windows and doorway and canted cornerat Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe.Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structuralform of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellarextends beyond the building line.AH263RPS 5110RPS 5120Very highLocation: No. 70 Marlborough StreetArt Deco BuildingBuilt as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c.1938 four-storey red brick over granite base with granite detailingto the windows and doorway, canted corner at Cathal BrughaStreet. Architects Robinson Keefe. Interiors also of interest. It nowcontains the DIT. The structural form of the cellar is comprised ofreinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.AH264RPS 5110RPS 5121Very highLocation: No. 71 Marlborough StreetArt Deco BuildingBuilt as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c.1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over granite base withgranite detailing to the windows and doorway and canted cornerat Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe.Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structuralform of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellarextends beyond the building line.AH265RPS 5110RPS 5122Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge661

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 72 Marlborough StreetArt Deco BuildingAH266RPS 5110RPS 5123Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c.1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over a granite base withgranite detailing to the windows and doorway and canted cornerat Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe.Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structuralform of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellarextends beyond the building line.Very highLocation: Nos. 73–76 Marlborough StreetModern BuildingThis is a recent DIT extension. It has a modern façade in brick,copper and stone with a variety of opes over a general height ofsix storeys. There are granite steps to the front with an awningover them.AH267WithinACALowLocation: No. 77 Marlborough StreetAH268 RPS 5124AH269 RPS 5125AH270 RPS 5126Possible Georgian BuildingNo. 77 Marlborough Street is a house with possible 18 th centuryremnants. It has a three-storey, much altered two-bay brickfaçade with a shop front at ground floor level. The cellar is built ofbrickwork and extends beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 78 Marlborough StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 78 Marlborough Street is a house with possible 18 th centuryremnants. It has a three-storey, much altered two-bay brickfaçade with a shop front at ground floor level and possiblyVictorian elements. The architect is unknown. It has a cellarcomposed of brick and stone to Marlborough Street whichextends beyond the front building line towards the proposedalignment.Location: No. 79 Marlborough StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 79 Marlborough Street is a house with possible 18 th centuryremnants. It has a recently refurbished brick façade in two baysover four storeys, which is much altered. The front area andbasement are guarded by a granite base with iron railings. Thestructural form of the cellar is composed of brick and masonry.The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Very highVery highVery high662Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 80 Marlborough StreetAH271 RPS 5127AH272 RPS 5128AH273 RPS 5129AH274 RPS 5130Georgian HouseNo. 80 Marlborough Street is a Georgian house with a two-bay,four-storey brick façade with alterations to the ground floor andplaster linings added to the windows at upper floors. The frontarea and basement are guarded by a granite base with ironrailings. The cellar is composed of brick and solid masonry. Thecellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 81 Marlborough StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 81 Marlborough Street is a Georgian house with a four-storey,two-bay façade, a guarding to the front basement area and anarched entrance typically offset from the right hand bay. It nowcontains a hostel. The cellar is composed of brick and solidmasonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line.Location: No. 82 Marlborough StreetGeorgian HouseNo. 82 Marlborough Street is a Georgian house with a two-bay,three-storey façade and a guarding to the basement area. It isprobably 19 th century in origin. The cellar is composed of brickand solid masonry and extends beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.Location: No. 83 Marlborough StreetThe Presbytery (Pro-Cathedral House)It has a four-bay, three-storey over basement brick façade withiron railings guarding the basement area. It also has a coachhouse entrance between it and No. 82 Marlborough Street(AH273) and granite steps leading up to the pedimented entrancewith a fanlight. It is probably 18 th century in origin. The cellar iscomposed of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge663

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Marlborough StreetAH275 RPS 5111St. Mary’s Pro-CathedralSt. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral attributed to John Sweetman and theFrench architect L.H. Le Bas under the gaze of Archbishop JohnThomas Troy. Built c. 1814–1825, it has an extremely importantplace in the history of Irish religion and in particular as a symbolof Catholic Emancipation. Daniel O’Connell, Michael Collins andEamonn De Valera all lay in state here before their funerals. Itis an impressive Neo-classical design in Portland stone with aDoric portico and pediment. Interior of note despite 19 th and 20 thcentury alterations. The structural form of the cellar comprisessolid masonry with brick and vaulted arches. The cellar extendsbeyond the building line. The cellar in the centre appears to havebeen previously infilled.Location: Marlborough StreetVery highAH276WithinACAPost BoxFreestanding green painted, iron post box with black paintedplinth. Modern version of original and more ornate Penfold type.Located between 83 and 84 Marlborough Street.MediumLocation: No. 84 Marlborough StreetAH277 RPS 5131AH278 RPS 5132Possible Georgian HouseNo. 84 Marlborough Street is a house and shop (CarthyJewellers) with possible 18 th century remnants. It has a twobaybrick façade over a shop. It was recently refurbished with ashop front at ground floor and it has a cast iron enclosure to thebasement area. It is located on the corner with Cathedral Street.The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry andbrick. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 85 Marlborough StreetPossible Georgian HouseNo. 85 Marlborough Street is a house and shop (Cassanostra)with possible 18 th century remnants. It has a three-bay brickfaçade over four storeys. It was recently refurbished with ashop front at ground floor and it has a cast iron enclosure to thebasement area. The architect is unknown. It is located on thecorner with Cathedral Street.Very highVery high664Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 88 Marlborough StreetAH279 RPS 5133AH280 RPS 5134Former Licensed PremiseNo. 88 Marlborough Street is a former licensed premises. It hasa four-storey, two-bay façade with elegant plasterwork to thepub front and above on the window linings. It also has quoins tothe corner. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extendsbeyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment.The structural form of the cellar comprises stone and brick with abrick vaulted cellar under footpath. The cellar extends beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 89 Marlborough StreetPossible Georgian HouseNo. 89 Marlborough Street contains Premier Jewellers at groundfloor level. It has a three-bay, four-storey rendered façade withdecorative window linings, some pedimented with possible 18 thcentury remnants. The structural form of the cellar comprisessolid masonry and brick. The cellar extends beyond the buildingline. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highLocation: Marlborough Street/North Earl Street (Northwest corner)19 th Century BuildingThree-bay cream plaster façade to Marlborough Street, blank intwo quoined bays with decorative pedimented plasterwork to theopes on the right hand side over four storeys. It contains a shop(Value4U) at ground level. It is probably 19 th century in origin. Thearchitect is unknown.AH281WithinACALowLocation: No. 14 North Earl StreetAH282 RPS 245319 th Century BuildingNo. 14 North Earl Street is a four-storey, four-bay building locatedon the corner with Marlborough Street. It has a ground floor shopwith rendered quoins and decorative, pedimented linings to thewindow opes at upper floor levels. It is probably 19 th century inorigin. The architect is unknown.Location: Nos. 90–91 Marlborough StreetVery high19 th Century BuildingNos. 90–91 Marlborough Street has a four-storey, five-bay façadein brick with rendered linings. It is probably 19 th century in origin.The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and concreteconstruction. The cellar extends beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.AH283WithinACAMediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge665

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 92 Marlborough StreetAH284 RPS 5135AH285 RPS 5136Possible Georgian BuildingNo. 92 Marlborough Street is a house and shop with possible 18 thcentury remnants. It has a red brick four-storey, two-bay façadein front of the house and shop and was recently refurbished. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brick.The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 93 Marlborough StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 93 Marlborough Street is a house and shop with possible 18 thcentury remnants. It has a red brick four-storey, two-bay façadein front of the house and shop and was recently refurbished. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises brick with solid masonryinclusions. The cellar extends beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.Location: No. 94 Marlborough StreetVery highVery high19 th Century BuildingNo. 94 Marlborough Street is a two-bay, four-storey building witha rendered façade and a derelict shop front at ground floor level.No original joinery is visible. It is probably 19 th century in origin.The structural form of the cellar comprises traditional brick. Thecellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH286WithinACAMediumLocation: No. 95 Marlborough Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 95 Marlborough Street is a two-bay, four-storey building with arendered façade and a derelict shop front at ground floor level. Nooriginal joinery is visible. It is probably 19 th century in origin. Thecellar has a traditional construction and appears to extend beyondthe building line. The architect is unknown.AH287WithinACAMediumLocation: Nos. 98–100 Marlborough StreetFormer Dublin United Transport Company BuildingIt has a brick façade with a long gabled section to the left handside and a taller three-storey section to the right hand side withDUTC plaque at second floor level. It is probably 19 th centuryin origin. The building does not have a cellar. The architect isunknown.AH288WithinACAMedium666Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 105–106 Marlborough Street19 th Century BuildingAH289WithinACASean O’Casey’s licensed premises located on the corner withSackville Place. It comprises of two storeys over a pub front witha parapet roof. It is probably 19 th century in origin. The structuralform of the cellar comprises brick and masonry. The cellars whichhave brick-vaulted ceilings extend beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.LowLocation: Marlborough StreetIrish Life CentreAH290N/AThis building dates to c. 1975 and was designed by RobinsonKeefe Devane. It has a concrete framed arcade with brickcladding in vertical bays above. It links to the façade on AbbeyStreet.LowLocation: No. 10A Lower Abbey Street18 th Century BuildingAH291N/AIt has a two-bay rendered façade with quoins over four storeyswith a rendered shop front (currently Gem News) at ground floorlevel and a large chimney facing on to Abbey Street. It is probably18 th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprisesmasonry and brick vaulted cellars. The cellar extends beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 9 Abbey Street LowerAH292 RPS 3AH293 RPS 4Flowing TideThis building is a pub dating to c. 1824. It has a three-storeyrendered façade with limestone and a 20 th century pub front atground floor level. The architect is unknown. It has a cellar toMarlborough Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment.Location: No. 10 Abbey Street LowerProbable Georgian BuildinNo. 10 Abbey Street Lower is a two-bay, four-storey brick facedbuilding with an engraving shop at ground floor level. It probablydates to the 18 th century. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 26 Abbey Street LowerVery highVery highAbbey ThreatreAH294WithinACAAbbey Theatre dating to 1966 and designed by Scott TallonWalker. It has a largely blank brick clad façade with portico (anaddition by McCullough Mulvin Architects c. 1991) to MarlboroughStreet. It contains two theatres. The structural form of the cellar isreinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.MediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge667

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 109 Marlborough StreetAH295 RPS 5048AH296 RPS 5049AH297 RPS 5050Possible Georgian BuildingNo. 109 Marlborough Street (along with No. 108 MarlboroughStreet located on the corner with Abbey Street) is split into twosections. The south section has a four-storey, two-bay façade inpainted brick with original window joinery and much later pub frontat ground floor level. While the north section has a haphazardfaçade with four window opes at high level above the pub front.Part of the building may be 18 th century in origin. It has a cellar toMarlborough Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The architect is unknown. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises brick vaulted ceilings andstone construction.Location: No. 110 Marlborough StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 110 Marlborough Street has a three-storey, two-bay brickfaçade over a commercial premises (currently Del Rio’s Cafe).Part of it probably dates to the 18 th century. It has a cellar toMarlborough Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellarcomprises brick and solid masonry. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 111 Marlborough StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 111 Marlborough Street has a three-storey, two-bay renderedfaçade over a licensed premises (currently Riley’s pub). Part of itprobably dates to the 18 th century. There is some original joineryremaining in the windows. It has a cellar to Marlborough Streetwhich extends beyond the front building line towards the proposedalignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick andsolid masonry. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 112 Marlborough StreetVery highVery highVery highSamaritan’s BuildingSamaritan’s building in brick and granite. It has five bays over fourstoreys with three bay breakfront and quoins, string courses andwindow linings in granite. It is located to the side of the Seaman’sInstitute (AH242) and has a similar character and materialtreatment but is later in origin. The structural form of the cellarcomprises brick vaulted ceilings with stone and brick. The cellarextends beyond the building line.AH298N/AHigh668Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Parnell StreetAH299 RPS 6546AH300 RPS 6547Rotunda Hospital – West WingWest wing of Rotunda Hospital excluding ground floor arcadesand brick and yellow terracotta Plunkett Cairns façade alongParnell Square. (along with RPS 6547 and RPS 6548 – AH300and AH301). This is the first maternity hospital in the BritishIsles and was built c. 1751 by Richard Cassels with John Ensor.It has a sprawling plan with a long entrance front to the south.It is a typical Palladian configuration with a long central blockand colonnaded quadrants at either end, all in the Doric orderand set behind cast iron railings. The garden front to the northis effectively a mirror image of the treatment to Parnell Street. Itcontains a hospital chapel above a central hall with stunning 18 thcentury plasterwork by Bartholomew Cramillion. To the east endare the former assembly rooms which now hold the Ambassadorvenue and the recently remodelled Gate Theatre (RPS 1339).These were built later in two phases in the 1760s and 1780s.Coade stone cladding is used extensively here with carvings byEdward Smyth. James Gandon is attributed as the architect. TheGate Theatre contains a masonry built basement which doesnot exclude beyond the building line. The structural form of theAmbassador Theatre’s basement is comprised of brickwork andstone. The basement does not extend beyond the building line.Location: Parnell StreetRotunda Hospital – Main BlockMain block of Rotunda Hospital including all ground floor flankingarcades (along with West Wing RPS 6546 and AmbassadorCinema RPS 6548 – AH299 and AH301). This is the firstmaternity hospital in the British Isles and was built c. 1751by Richard Cassels with John Ensor. It has a sprawling planwith a long entrance front to the south. It is a typical Palladianconfiguration with a long central block and colonnaded quadrantsat either end, all in the Doric order and set behind cast ironrailings. The garden front to the north is effectively a mirror imageof the treatment to Parnell Street. It contains a hospital chapelabove a central hall with stunning 18 th century plasterwork byBartholomew Cramillion. To the east end are the former assemblyrooms which now hold the Ambassador venue and the recentlyremodelled Gate Theatre (RPS 1339). These were built laterin two phases in the 1760s and 1780s. Coade stone claddingis used extensively here with carvings by Edward Smyth. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises masonry and stonework.The cellar extends c. 8m beyond the building line. James Gandonis attributed as the architect.Very highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge669

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Parnell StreetAH301 RPS 6548Former Ambassador CinemaAmbassador Cinema to east of main block of Rotunda Hospitalfacing O’Connell Street (along with RPS 6546 and RPS 6547– AH299 and AH300). This element of the Rotunda complexcomprises the 1786 Rotunda Hospital and the former assemblyrooms to the north which now hold the Ambassador venue andthe recently remodelled Gate Theatre (RPS 1339) respectively.A blind Coade stone arcade with entrance is offset from thecylindrical theatre form itself, visible above ground floor levelbehind carvings by Edward Smyth on the parapet. James Gandonis attributed as the architect.Location: No. 181 Parnell StreetVery highPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 181 Parnell Street has a three-bay, four-storey brick façadewith a shop front at ground floor level and possible Georgianremnants. The cellar is composed of brick and masonry. Thecellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH302N/ALowLocation: Nos. 178–179 Parnell Street19 th Century BuildingNos. 178–179 Parnell Street has a four-bay, four-storey brickfaçade with a ground floor shop front and possible 19 th centuryremnants. The cellar is comprised of masonry extends beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.AH303N/ALowLocation: Nos. 176–177 Parnell Street19 th Century BuildingNos. 176–177 Parnell Street has a three-storey, four-bay paintedbrick façade with shop fronts at ground floor level and possible19 th century remnants. The cellar is composed of brick and solidmasonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.AH304N/ALowLocation: No. 70 Parnell StreetAH305 RPS 6552Conway’s licensed premisesNo. 70 Parnell Street has a Victorian pub front and brick façadeabove with arched window opes over three bays and threestoreys. It was built c. 1870. The structural form of the cellarcomprises brick and masonry solid walls. It has a cellar to ParnellStreet which extends c. 4m north onto Parnell Street and c. 7mwest onto Moore Lane. The architect is unknown.Very high670Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Nos. 72–74 Parnell StreetAH306 RPS 6553AH307 RPS 6554AH308 RPS 6555AH309 RPS 6556Parnell Mooney licensed premisesNos. 72–74 Parnell Street has a Neo-classical pub front withpedimented arches and brick façade above and is three storeyshigh. It was built c. 1870. It has a cellar to Parnell Street whichextends c. 4m beyond the front building line towards the proposedalignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises solidmasonry, stone and brickwork. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 76 Parnell StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 76 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey rendered façadewith a shop front at ground floor level and possible Georgianremnants. The cellar appears to extend beyond the front line ofthe building as evidence by the lightwell on the footpath. Thearchitect is unknown.Location: No. 77 Parnell Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 77 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey rendered façadewith arched arrangement at ground floor level. The building ispossibly 19 th century in origin and the architect is unknown.Location: No. 78 Parnell Street19 th Century BuildingNo. 78 Parnell Street has a single-bay, four-storey renderedfaçade with possible original joinery visible on upper floors. Thebuilding is possibly 19 th century in origin and the architect isunknown.Location: Nos. 80–81 Parnell StreetVery highVery highVery highVery highPossible Georgian BuildingAH310WithinACANos. 80–81 Parnell Street has a four-storey, four-bay paintedbrick façade with a shop front at ground floor level containing alicensed premises. The building has possible Georgian remnants.The cellar is composed of brick and masonry and extends c. 2mbeyond the building line. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 86 Parnell StreetAH311WithinACAPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 86 Parnell Street has a three-storey, two-bay brick façadewith a shop front at ground floor level and has possible Georgianremnants. The architect is unknown.MediumEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge671

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 91 Parnell Street19 th Century BuildingAH312WithinACANo. 91 Parnell Street has a two-bay, three-storey red brick façadewith a ground floor shop and is possibly 19 th century in origin. Thestructural form of the cellar comprises masonry and brickworkand extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.MediumLocation: No. 145 Parnell StreetAH313 RPS 6562AH314 RPS 6563Probable Georgian BuildingNo. 145 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey brick façadewith interiors of note and a ground floor shop front probably builtin the late 18 th century. The structural form of the cellar comprisesgeneral rubble, solid masonry and brickwork and part concrete.The cellar extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.Location: No. 146 Parnell StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 146 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey red brick façadewith a shop front and carved stone pedimented door case atground floor level. Original joinery is visible and the interiors are ofnote. It was probably built in the late 18 th century. The structure ofthe cellar comprises solid masonry and brickwork with part brickarched and vaulted ceiling in one area to the front. The cellarextends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 148 Parnell StreetVery highVery high19 th Century BuildingNo. 148 Parnell Street has a four-storey, two-bay brick façadewith a shop front at ground floor level and has possible 19 thcentury remnants. The structure of the cellar comprises solid brickand masonry. The basement does not extend beyond the buildingline. The cellars may have been previously infilled approximately20 years ago. The architect is unknown.AH315WithinACAMediumLocation: No. 153 Parnell StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 156 Parnell Street is a four-storey, two-bay corner buildingwith a rendered façade and a shop front at ground floor level. Ithas been much altered but has possible Georgian remnants. Thestructure of the basement comprises solid masonry with concretecolumns and steel beams at ceiling level. The basement does notextend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH316WithinACAMedium672Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 154 Parnell StreetPossible Georgian BuildingAH317WithinACANo. 154 Parnell Street has a four-storey, two-bay brick façadewith a shop front at ground floor level. It is much altered but haspossible Georgian remnants. The structure of the basementis solid masonry. The basement does not extend beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 155 Parnell StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 155 Parnell Street has a four-storey, two-bay painted brickfaçade with a pub front at ground floor level. It is much alteredbut has possible Georgian remnants. The structure of the cellarcomprises solid brickwork and brick vaulted ceilings in two coalcellars located to the front of the building. The cellar extends c.5m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.AH318WithinACAMediumLocation: No. 156 Parnell StreetPossible Georgian BuildingNo. 156 Parnell Street has a four-storey brick façade over a shopat ground floor level. It has possible Georgian remnants thoughit has been substantially altered. The structure of the cellarcomprises solid brick and masonry with timber beam supportsat ceiling level. Small opening in cellar extends c. 1m beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.AH319WithinACAMediumLocation: No. 157 Parnell StreetAH320 RPS 6564AH321 RPS 6565Probable Georgian BuildingNo. 157 Parnell Street has a four-storey painted brick façade overtwo bays with a ground floor shop. The second floor has just asingle window ope. It is probably late 18 th century in origin. Thestructure of the basement comprises brick and masonry walls thatare dry-lined. The basement does not appear to extend beyondthe building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 158 Parnell StreetProbable Georgian BuildingNo. 158 Parnell Street has a four-storey brick façade over twobays with a ground floor shop and the second floor has just asingle window ope. It is probably late 18 th century in origin. It hasa cellar to Parnell Street which extends beyond the front buildingline towards the proposed alignment. The structure of the cellarcomprises a traditional construction supporting the façade. Thearchitect is unknown.Very highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge673

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 159 Parnell StreetPossible Georgian BuildingAH322WithinACANo. 159 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey painted brickfaçade with a shop at ground floor level. Although it has beensubstantially altered it may have possible Georgian remnants.It is probably late 18 th century in origin. The cellar is composedof masonry and extends c. 1m beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 160 Parnell StreetProbable Georgian BuildingAH323WithinACANo. 160 Parnell Street has an unusual, two-bay, brick façade overfour storeys with a pub front at ground floor level and has possibleGeorgian remnants. It is probably late 18 th century in origin. Thestructure of the cellar comprises brickwork and masonry. Thecellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.HighLocation: No. 161 Parnell StreetPossible Georgian BuildingAH324WithinACANo. 161 Parnell Street has a two-bay, three-storey brick façadewith a pub front at ground floor level. Despite substantialalterations it may have possible Georgian remnants. It is probablylate 18 th century in origin. The building contains a cellar. Thearchitect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 162 Parnell StreetProbable Georgian BuildingAH325WithinACANo. 162 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey brick façadewith a shop front at ground floor. Despite substantial alterations itmay contain possible Georgian remnants. It is probably late 18 thcentury in origin. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: No. 163 Parnell StreetProbable Georgian BuildingAH326WithinACANo. 163 Parnell Street has a three-bay, four-storey renderedfaçade with a shop front at ground floor level. It is probablylate 18 th century in origin. The cellar is built of masonry. Thecellar extends c. 1.2m beyond the building line. The architect isunknown.MediumLocation: Nos. 1–2 Cavendish RowAH327 RPS 1340Former BankNos. 1–2 Cavendish Row is a former four-storey bank with afaçade executed in brick with faïence detailing, pediment detailsand balustrade to the parapet. It is early 20 th century in origin.The cellar is built of brick work and masonry and extends c. 6mbeyond the building line. The architect is unknown.Very high674Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 59 Parnell Square WestAH328 RPS 6545AH329 RPS 6544AH330 RPS 6543Georgian HouseNo. 59 Parnell Square West is a two-bay, four-storey formerhouse on the corner with Parnell Street. It has a brick façaderetaining its arched door and Ionic doorcase. It now forms part ofthe Kingfisher Restaurant on Parnell Street. It is 18 th century inorigin. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 58 Parnell Square WestGeorgian HouseNo. 58 Parnell Square West is a two-bay, four-storey formerhouse on Parnell Square West. It contains the Sinn Féin shop atground level and the upper floors are obscured by a banner. Ithas a rendered façade with coursed ashlar at ground level and apainted Gibbsian doorway. It is 18 th century in origin. The architectis unknown.Location: No. 57 Parnell Square WestGeorgian HouseNo. 57 Parnell Square West is a two-bay, four-storey formerhouse on Parnell Square West. It has a rendered façade withcoursed ashlar at ground level and a Neo-classical doorcase. It is18 th century in origin. The architect is unknownLocation: Dominick Street Lower (West side)Very highVery highVery highDCC Social HousingThis is a typical example of Dublin Corporation (now DCC) socialhousing from the 1960s. There are three blocks of five-storey,six-bay brick clad concrete frame buildings with a combinationof duplex and studio apartments. It is animated by balconies andconcrete steps to the front.AH331N/ALowLocation: No. 20 Dominick Street LowerAH332 RPS 2357Georgian HouseNo. 20 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c.1756. It has a five-bay, four-storey brick façade with a pedimentedstone door case and a guarded basement area. It has a relativelywide façade on a double plot and was designed by architectand renowned stuccodor Robert West. It contains some superbRococo interiors in plaster by West. It has a cellar to DominickStreet which extends beyond the front building line towards theproposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge675

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 21 Dominick Street LowerAH333 RPS 2358AH334 RPS 2359AH335 RPS 2360AH336 RPS 2361Georgian HouseNo. 21 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c.1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower(AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in brick. The architect isRobert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors byWest. There are stone based railings guarding the front basementarea. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond thefront building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar isbuilt of brick and solid masonry.Location: No. 22 Dominick Street LowerGeorgian HouseNo. 22 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c.1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower(AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in render. The architect isRobert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors byWest. There are stone based railings guarding the front basementarea. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond thefront building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar isbuilt of brick and masonry.Location: No. 23 Dominick Street LowerGeorgian HouseNo. 23 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c.1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower(AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in brick. The architect isRobert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors byWest. There are stone based railings guarding the front basementarea. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond thefront building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar isbuilt of brick and masonry.Location: No. 24 Dominick Street LowerGeorgian HouseNo. 24 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c.1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower(AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in render. The architect isRobert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors byWest. There are stone based railings guarding the front basementarea. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond thefront building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar isbuilt of brick, solid masonry and part concrete block construction.Very highVery highVery highVery high676Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 24a Dominick Street LowerAH337 RPS 2362AH338 RPS 2356St. Saviour’s Dominican ChurchSt. Saviour’s Dominican Church, built c. 1861. It is set back fromthe street and is by the noted church architect J.J. McCarthy withadditions by G.C. Ashlin. Its exterior is in a decorative Neo-Gothicstyle in limestone with Portland and Bath stone dressings. Thefaçade is very similar to designs for the church of Saint Clotilde inParis. The interiors are of particular note with areas of fine Bathstone tracery. The basement is built of stone and solid masonryand does not extend beyond the building line.Location: Dominick Street LowerSt. Saviour’s PriorySt. Saviour’s Priory (including roofs, chimneys, external façadesas well as railings and stone plinths). Dominican Priory c. 1887.Architect J.L. Robinson. Two-storey buildings in Dublin calp withnorth extension c. 1950.Location: Nos. 31–32 Dominick Street LowerVery highVery high19 th Century BuildingNos. 31–32 Dominick Street Lower is a pair of semi-detachedtwo-storey houses with decorative rendered façades and railingsto the front. They are possibly 19 th century in origin. The propertydoes not have a basement. The architect is unknown.AH339N/ALowLocation: No. 39 Dominick Street LowerAH340 RPS 2363AH341 RPS 2364Georgian HouseNo. 39 Dominick Street Lower is a three-bay Georgian houseof c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plasterinteriors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stonebased railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellarto Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The basement is built of brickand solid masonry. The basement extends beyond the buildingline. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 40 Dominick Street LowerGeorgian HouseNo. 40 Dominick Street Lower is a three-bay Georgian houseof c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plasterinteriors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stonebased railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellarto Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick andsolid masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line. Thearchitect is unknown.Very highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge677

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 41 Dominick Street LowerAH342 RPS 2365AH343 RPS 2366AH344 RPS 2367Georgian HouseNo. 41 Dominick Street Lower is a four-bay Georgian house ofc. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plasterinteriors, a double-height stairhall and joinery within of particularnote. It also has stone based railings guarding the front basementarea. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond thefront building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar isbuilt of brick and solid masonry. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 42 Dominick Street LowerGeorgian HouseNo. 42 Dominick Street Lower is a two-bay Georgian house ofc. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plasterinteriors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stonebased railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellarto Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick andsolid masonry. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 43 Dominick Street LowerGeorgian HouseNo. 43 Dominick Street Lower is a three-bay Georgian houseof c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plasterinteriors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stonebased railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellarto Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building linetowards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick andsolid masonry. The architect is unknown.Location: Dominick Street UpperVery highVery highVery highModern BuildingA modern building on the northwest corner with Dorset Street. Ithas a four-storey brick façade with a rendered ground floor shopfront and a metal-clad penthouse added. Part of the façade maydate to c. 1858. The architect is unknown.AH345N/ALowLocation: Upper Dorset StreetDCC Social HousingTypical Dublin Corporation (now DCC) social housing dating to the1950s in brick. It is a six-storey building with a butterfly roof andbalconies set back from the railings and trees along the edge ofDominick Street.AH346N/ALow678Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Dominick Street Upper (west side)Modern BuildingAH347N/AAn apartment building dating to the 2000s which appears to havebeen divided into two sections. The façade of the first sectionranges from five to six storeys with brick, glass block and variousfenestration details and lies along the main building line. Thesecond section is further north and has five storeys, dominated bythree large yellow brick forms within which the remainder of thefenestration and bay windows are placed. It is set back behind ayellow brick wall and railings along the main building line.LowLocation: Dominick Street Upper (East side)Modern BuildingAH348N/ADominick Court is a three-bay, three-storey brick apartmentbuilding characterised by gables and heavy brick balconies, setback from the street behind a low brick wall. It appears to datefrom the 1990s. The architect is unknown.LowLocation: No. 14 Dominick Street UpperPossible Georgian BuildingAH349N/ANo. 14 Dominick Street Upper comprises a derelict two-bay,two storey brick façade with missing upper floors and interiors.It is possibly Georgian in origin. The cellar is built of brick andmasonry and extends beyond the building line.LowLocation: No. 15 Dominick Street UpperPossible Victorian BuildingAH350N/ANo. 15 Dominick Street has a four-storey rendered façade witha pub front. It is possibly Victorian in origin. The cellar is built ofbrick and masonry and extends beyond the building line.MediumLocation: No. 30 Dominick Street UpperAH351 RPS 2368AH352 RPS 2369Georgian HouseNo. 30 Dominick Street Upper is a Georgian house, pairedwith No. 31 Dominick Street Upper (AH352). It has a two-bay,three-storey brick façade over a basement guarded with castiron railings with an arched entrance behind granite front steps.The cellar is built of brick and masonry and extends beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 31 Dominick Street UpperGeorgian HouseNo. 31 Dominick Street Upper is a Georgian house, pairedwith No. 30 Dominick Street Upper (AH351). It has a two-bay,three-storey brick façade over a basement guarded with castiron railings with an arched entrance behind granite front steps.The cellar is built of brick and masonry and extends beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.Very highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge679

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 35 Dominick Street Upper19 th Century BuildingAH353N/ANo. 35 Dominick Street Upper is a two-bay, three-storey doublegable rendered former house adjoining Hendrons with a frontextension and substantial alterations. It is possibly 19 th centuryin origin. The cellar is built of masonry and extends beyond thebuilding line. The architect is unknown.MediumLocation: Nos. 26–40 Dominick Street UpperModernist Industrial BuildingAH354N/AHendrons. This is a 1940s rendered Modernist Industrial buildingwith four storeys of six bays fronting onto Dominick Street Upper.It has a single storey entrance porch. The properties do not havea basement. The architect is unknown.LowLocation:Dominick Street Upper (West side)Temple BuildingsAH355N/AThese are seven blocks of four-storey, five-bay apartments inyellow brick with red brick dressing and railings to the front of thestreet. They are 20 th century in origin. The architect is unknown.LowLocation: No. 42 Dominick Street UpperAH356 RPS 2371AH357 RPS 2370AH358 RPS 868219 th Century BuildingNo. 42 Dominick Street Upper is a house with possible 19 thcentury remnants. It has a three-storey, two-bay brick façade withan apparently original front door case and a granite area to thefront. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonrywith brick vaulted arch in coal cellars. The cellar extends beyondthe building line. The architect is unknown.Location: No. 41 Dominick Street UpperPossible Victorian BuildingCommiskey’s licensed premises (located on the corner withConstitution Hill/Western Way). It has a two-bay, three-storeybrick façade with a distinctive clock and a possible 19 th centuryVictorian front and interior remnants. The cellar is built of brickand solid masonry and extends beyond the building line.Location: Western WayStone Walls, Railings, Plinth Walls and Gate PiersStone walls enclosing Western Way from the Black Church toBroadstone and also the railings, plinth walls and gate piers, atthe eastern end of Western Way.Very highVery highVery high680Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Constitution HillPetrol StationFunctional building elements including steel canopy, columns andassociated retail until. Dating variously up to the 1970s. Sittingagainst a high wall which retains the raised site of BroadstoneStation.AH359Within CALowLocation: BroadstoneVictorian HousesTwo houses to the south of the former Broadstone station terminalbuilding and located within the curtilage of this site (AH361).These are a pair of semi-detached, two-bay, two-storey paintedbrick houses with pitched roofs, single-storey flat-roof garageextensions and a shared brick chimney stack. They each retain anarched ope at ground floor level and two widely spaced windowopes at first floor level. One of the houses has had a shop frontadded to it and neither building is currently occupied. They appearto be late 19 th century in origin. The architect is unknown.AH360Within CALowLocation: Broadstone, Constitution HillFormer MGWR Broadstone Railway TerminusAll buildings and features lying within the curtilage of the formerMGWR Broadstone Railway Terminus at Broadstone. Thesebuildings and features include the Broadstone station terminalbuilding, associated workshops and goods sheds to the northeast,the Dublin Bus Phibsborough Garage to the southwest, allsurviving ashlar, brick and rubble stone boundary and retainingwalls within and surrounding the former station building and theDublin Bus Phibsborough Garage and the steps leading up to theforecourt of the former station building. Together these elementsform a significant building complex.The former Broadstone station terminal building dates toc. 1850 and was designed by the eminent railway architectJohn Skipton Mulvany. It is, for an Irish train station, a uniquelyimposing and monumental building in a Neo-Egyptian styleand constructed from finely cut Dublin granite. The imposingfront façade is composed over five bays and two storeys with adominant projecting central entrance bay with extended parapetand pediment. The window opes, set within the large bays, areall lined with fine granite carvings. A glass roof was designed byironmaster Richard Turner for the building but collapsed just 11years later and was replaced as part of the refurbishment works toincrease the capacity of the station. These works were overseenby George Wilkinson. The principal element in these 1861works was the addition of the long railway (cab) shed by GeorgeWilkinson which was fronted with a carved Dublin calp stonecolonnade and glass roof by ironmaster Richard Turner.AH361RPS 987andRPS 2057Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge681

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgA number of simple, stone gabled sheds with pitched roofs arelocated to the northeast of the former Broadstone station terminalbuilding. These include the goods shed, the carriage shed andthe railway coach factory. These are large gabled structures withbrick dressings and iron roof trusses (Casey, 2005). They areconstructed using traditional techniques and many of them date tothe mid-19 th century development of the site.The garage for Dublin Bus is a modern, shed-like structure tothe south of the former Broadstone station terminal buildingand consists of a number of small sheds against one another. Itdirectly adjoins the boundary/retaining wall between Broadstoneand the St. Brendan’s Hospital Protected Structure curtilagewhich is at a lower level.To the east of the site there are steps and a ramp accessing theforecourt of the former Broadstone station terminal building whichare bounded by a set of rusticated limestone walls with piers atintervals.To the south there are two sections of wall visible. The firstsection which is c. 2.5m high adjoins the southwest corner ofthe former station building in line with its front façade. It is inrandom squared rubble sandstone with rounded cappings andhas two openings in its length before it turns at right angles andcurves towards the south of the site. This curved section is alsoin random squared stone and incorporates two stone pillars at itssouthern extremity.“The second section of wall to the south is also curved and isa much higher wall connecting the ground levels of Broadstoneand Constitution Hill. The wall is coursed and has been paintedand rendered in areas and it currently retains the land behindthe Maxol Garage at a lower level to the south of the BroadstoneStation. This wall appears to be a coincident with one of the wallswhich carried the Foster Aqueduct visible on the First EditionOrdnance Survey map. Originally there was a canal spur from theRoyal Canal to a basin in front of the station.The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes three furtherhistorical walls as follows:“Portions of the associated boundary walls are also identified inthe Grangegorman Development Agency Masterplan Principlesas ‘high walls’ of historic importance; these walls are located tothe southwest of the former Broadstone station terminal buildingand also form part of the St. Brendan’s Hospital ProtectedStructure complex.AH361Cont’dRPS 987andRPS 2057Very high682Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.5 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgThe boundary/retaining wall extending in a northerly directionfrom the northwestern corner of the Dublin Bus PhibsboroughGarage for c. 100m. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall withstone capping and is c. 5–6m in height on the Grangegormanside (to the west). However, since there is a substantial differencein ground level between the two sides of this wall, it being muchhigher on the Broadstone side (to the east), the wall is only visiblec. 1.5–2m above ground level on this side.A second wall adjoins the northern end of this first wall andextends for c. 140m in total. It runs in a northwesterly directionfor the first 80m from which point it runs in a west–northwesterlydirection for approximately 60m. It comprises a dressed rubblestone wall with stone capping that has been replaced in parts bycement render capping. This section of wall measures c. 3–4m inheight. However, since there is a substantial difference in groundlevel between the two sides of the wall, it being much higher onthe Broadstone side (to the northeast), the wall is only visible c.0.4m above ground level on this side.A third wall is located at the northern terminal of the second walland extends for approximately 45m in a north–northeast direction.It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall with brick capping andstands c. 4m high. This wall extends a further 155m in a north–northwest direction (this section has a stone capping). A c. 10mwide entranceway is incorporated into its northern extremity”.Note: Refer also to AC89 in the Material Assets: Archaeology andCultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).AH361Cont’dRPS 987andRPS 2057Very highLocation: GrangegormanAH362 RPS 3336East Annex of St. Brendan’s HospitalThis building is the former Richmond Penitentiary (the Annexe)dating to 1816 and designed by Francis Johnston with lateralterations by John Skipton Mulvany. It has a long, seventeen-bay,three-storey front block in calp with pedimented five-bay breakfrontand a cupola with a copper dome. The original radiatingblocks to the rear are now gone. One of a number of 18 th and19 th century institutional buildings comprising the St. Brendan’sHospital Campus.Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge683

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.6 Baseline categorisation:Area 30 Former Broadstone railway cutting to BroombridgeAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Great Western Square and Western Villas, PhibsboroughGreat Western Square RCAAH363RCA (Z2zoning)A building group of 19 th century two-bay, two-storey single pitchred brick, blue brick and terracotta houses surrounding andadjacent to Great Western Square. Built in 1884. They weredesigned as part of a competition by G.N. Kelly. It should be notedthat only the houses located on the western side of the square fallwithin the study area.Very highLocation: Broadstone to BroombridgeFormer MGWR CuttingThe MGWR cutting running north from the former MGWRBroadstone Railway Terminus (AH361) which originally carriedthe MGWR line under bridges at North Circular Road (AH369),Cabra Road (AH378), Fassaugh Road (AH386) and Broombridge(AH388).The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes the originalrailway cutting retaining and boundary walls as follows:“Sections of the original railway cutting retaining and boundarywalls still survive along the section of this railway line locatedbetween the northern end of the Broadstone Bus Depot and thetwin arch railway tunnel (AH387) which now carries the PhoenixPark railway line.There are two sets of railway cutting walls present (an outerand inner set) except in the area just south of the North CircularRoad railway overbridge (AH369) to just north of the Cabra Roadrailway overbridge (AH378) where there is just the one set. Theset of walls present at this location extends for c. 250m andcomprises snecked dressed limestone and are c. 7.5–10m inheight.In the remaining sections of the railway cutting the outer set ofwalls delimits the top of the cutting embankment while the innerset delimits the base of the cutting embankment. These two setsof walls are in varying degrees of preservation and both appearto have missing and replacement sections at several locations.The outer set of walls generally comprises snecked dressedlimestone.The inner set of walls runs along the same line as the retaining/boundary walls visible just south of the North Circular Roadrailway overbridge (AH369) to just north of the Cabra Roadrailway overbridge (AH378) and they largely appear to function asa low retaining/boundary wall at the bottom of the embankmenton either side of the cutting. They generally comprise sneckedlimestone walls standing to heights ranging from 0.8 to 1.6m.AH364WithinRCA (Z2zoning)High684Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.6 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgA section of this inner set of walls forms a boundary with a coalyard (refer to AC103 in the Material Assets: Archaeology andCultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23))located to the south of the Liffey Junction.This section of the wall extends for approximately 155m, thoughthere is a break in the wall approximately 25m beyond itssoutheastern limit which presumably once allowed access to thecoal yard; there is one stone pillar remaining on the northeasternside of the entrance. This section of the inner retaining wallscomprises snecked limestone and stands at a height ofapproximately 1.6m.”Note: Refer also to site AC95 in the Material Assets: Archaeologyand Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1,Chapter 23).AH364Cont’dWithinRCA(Z2zoning)HighLocation: Rosemount RoadAH365RCA (Z2Zoning)Rosemount Road RCAThe road is characterised by a terrace of simple, two-storey brickdwellings with pitched slate roofs to either side of the street andrear gardens some of which back onto the proposed alignment.Very highLocation: No. 292 North Circular RoadAH366 RPS 1730AH367 RPS 173119 th Century BuildingNo. 292 North Circular Road is a 19 th century detached two-storeydwelling. Its eastern gable is built against the retaining/boundarywall of the MGWR cutting (AH387). The front boundary of thisproperty is partially formed by the stone North Circular Roadbridge (AH369). The architect is unknown.Location: No. 294 North Circular Road19 th Century BuildingNo. 294 North Circular Road is a 19 th century detached two-storeydwelling. Its western gable is built into the retaining/boundary wallof the MGWR cutting (AH387). The front boundary of this propertyis also partially formed by the stone North Circular Road bridge(AH369). The architect is unknown.Location: North Circular RoadVery highVery highNorth Circular Road RCAThe area is characterised by a large number of brick and render18 th and 19 th Century Georgian residential terraces many of whichare protected structures and contain front settings with granitesteps and cast-iron railings facing onto the tree-lined pavement.AH368RCA (Z2Zoning)Very highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge685

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.6 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: North Circular RoadRailway Over BridgeThe Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes this bridge asfollows:“This bridge, built c. 1846, was one of four bridges lying within thestudy area that were erected by the MGWR over its railway line;three, including this bridge, remain. The MGWR line opened in1847 and terminated at the former Broadstone Railway Terminus(AH361) to the southeast. The skilfully executed stone masonryenhances this bridge’s symmetrical design while the use of avariety of stone finishes adds to the visual appeal of the structure.It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising of piers andspandrels with rock-faced limestone block facing. The bridge hasan elliptical arch with channelled rusticated voussoirs and dressedlimestone impost courses. A dressed limestone plat band islocated above the arch. The bridge also has two ashlar limestoneparapet walls located at road level with cut-stone coping.”(Extract from AC96 Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturalHeritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23)).AH369RPS 1559RPS 884Very highLocation: No. 311 North Circular Road19 th Century BuildingNo. 311 North Circular Road is one half of a 19 th century semidetachedpair of houses. Its western gable is built into theretaining/boundary wall of the MGWR cutting (AH387). The frontboundary of this property is also partially formed by the stoneNorth Circular Road bridge (AH369). The architect is unknown.AH370WithinRCA (Z2zoning)HighLocation: Cabra RoadCabra Road RCAThe area is characterised by a large number of brick 18 th and 19 thcentury Georgian residential terraces many of which are protectedstructures and contain front settings with granite steps and castironrailings facing onto the footpath.AH371RCA (Z2Zoning)Very highLocation: Nos. 1–5 St. Peter’s AvenueAH372WithinRCA (Z2zoning)19 th Century BuildingNos. 1–5 St. Peter’s Avenue are a two-storey terrace dating to the19 th century with various rendered finishes. The terrace adjoinsNo. 24 Cabra Road (AH375).High686Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.6 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 18 Cabra RoadAH373 RPS 105619 th Century BuildingNo. 18 Cabra Road is a 19 th century two-bay, three-storeyterraced house in brick with granite steps. It is located on thesouth side of the road.Location: No. 20 Cabra RoadVery highAH374WithinRCA (Z2zoning)19 th Century BuildingNo. 20 Cabra Road is a 20 th century residential infill to apredominantly 19 th century section of Cabra Road. It is located onthe south side of the road.LowLocation: No. 24 Cabra RoadAH375 RPS 1060AH376 RPS 1060AH377 RPS 106219 th Century BuildingNo. 22 Cabra Road is a 19 th century two-bay, three-storey cornerhouse with fenestrated gable in brick, granite quoins and steps. Itis located on the south side of the road.Location: No. 26 Cabra Road19 th Century BuildingNo. 24 Cabra Road is a 19 th century three-bay, three-storeyterraced house in brick with granite steps. It is located on thesouth side of the road.Location: No. 28 Cabra Road19 th Century BuildingNo. 26 Cabra Road is a 19 th century three-bay, three-storeyterraced house in brick with granite steps. It is located on thesouth side of the road.Very highVery highVery highEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge687

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.6 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Cabra RoadRailway Over BridgeThe Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes this bridge asfollows:“This bridge was built by the MGWR c. 1846 to carry CabraRoad over the now disused railway cutting (AH387). It was one offour bridges lying within the study area that were erected by theMGWR over its railway line; three, including this bridge, survive.The bridge displays a variety of stone finishes with rock-facedrustication and large blocks being used to add a feeling of solidityto the structure. The skilfully executed stone masonry enhancesthe bridge’s symmetrical design while the use of a variety of stonefinishes adds to the visual appeal of the structure.It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising of piers andspandrels with rock-faced limestone block facing. The bridge hasan elliptical arch with channelled rusticated voussoirs and dressedlimestone impost courses. A dressed limestone plat band islocated above the arch. The bridge also has two ashlar limestoneparapet walls located at road level with cut-stone coping.”(Extract from AC98 Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturalHeritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23)).AH378RPS 877RPS 1039Very highLocation: No. 17 Cabra RoadAH379 RPS 1055AH380 RPS 1057AH381 RPS 1058AH382 RPS 105919 th Century BuildingNo. 17 Cabra Road is a 19 th century three-bay, three-storey midterracebrick dwelling with granite steps.Location: No. 19 Cabra Road19 th Century BuildingNo. 19 Cabra Road is a 19 th century two-bay, three-storey midterracebrick dwelling with granite steps.Location: No. 21 Cabra Road19 th Century BuildingNo. 21 Cabra Road is a 19 th century two-bay, three-storey end ofterrace brick dwelling.Location: No. 23 Cabra Road19 th Century BuildingNo. 23 Cabra Road is a 19 th century three-bay, three-storey endof terrace brick dwelling with a 20 th century addition to east end.The eastern gable of the structure appears to be built into theretaining/boundary wall of the MGWR cutting (AH387).Very highVery highVery highVery high688Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.6 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: No. 25 Cabra RoadAH383 RPS 1061AH384 RPS 1063AH385 RPS 106519 th Century BuildingNo. 25 Cabra Road is a 19 th century three-bay, three-storey midterracebrick dwelling with granite steps.19 th Century BuildingLocation: No. 27 Cabra RoadNo. 27 Cabra Road is a 19 th century three-bay, three-storey midterracebrick dwelling with granite steps.19 th Century BuildingLocation: No. 29 Cabra RoadNo. 29 Cabra Road is a 19 th century three-bay, three-storey midterracebrick dwelling with granite steps.Location: Fassaugh RoadVery highVery highVery highRailway BridgeAH386N/AIt is a single arched 20 th century bridge with a concrete structureand rendered piers and parapets. It replaced a Victorian bridge inthe same location. It bears a plaque dedicated to the Irish soccerplayer Liam Whelan.LowLocation: Former MGWR cuttingRailway TunnelThe Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baselinechapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes this railwaytunnel as follows:AH387N/A“A double-arch masonry railway tunnel which was opened in1877 as part of the GSWR. It now carries the Phoenix ParkRailway Line under the Royal Canal (AH9) and the former MGWR(AH387). It was constructed in two sections with the façadeof the southern arch set back from that of the northern arch.The bridge is constructed of rock-faced ashlar limestone withdressed voussoirs to the arches surmounted by a tooled stonestringcourse and parapet with terminal piers. A curved retainingwall is located to the northwest of the tunnel.HighThis tunnel is a notable contributor to the development of Dublin’srail network and its accomplished design and continued use,albeit occasional, are a testament to the technical dexterity of itsengineers. The tunnel extends across the full width of the studyarea in a north/south orientation.”(Extract from AC105 Material Assets: Archaeology and CulturalHeritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23)).Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge689

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGETable 24.6 ContinuedAH No.LegalSTATusSITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINERATINgLocation: Broombridge RoadRailway Over BridgeThis is a pair of adjoining bridges – a canal overbridge andrailway overbridge. The canal bridge was built in c. 1790 andextended c. 1846 by the MGWR to form a twin-arch bridge withashlar voussoirs spanning the Royal Canal and former MGWRline. The bridge is named after William Broom who partlyowned the Royal Canal Company and is famous as the locationwhere Sir William Rowan Hamilton wrote down the fundamentalformula of quaternion equations which are of importance tomathematics. This is commemorated with a plaque.Note: Refer also to sites AC117 and AC118 in the MaterialAssets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter ofthis EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).AH388RPS 906RPS 989Very high24.6 ReferencesArchitectural Heritage (National Inventory) andHistoric Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act(1999) Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) andHistoric Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act,1999. No. 19 of 1999.Byrne, D. and McLoughlin, R. (2009) HistoricLandscape Assessment of St. Stephen’s Green Park.Report prepared by Lotts Architecture for the RailwayProcurement Agency.Casey, C. (2005) The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin.New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Corcoran, M. (2008) Through Streets Broad andNarrow: A History of Dublin Trams. Dublin: Ian Allan.Council of Europe (1975) European Charter of theArchitectural Heritage. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Council of Europe (1984) Convention for theProtection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe(“Granada Convention”). Strasbourg: Council ofEurope, ratified by Ireland in 1997.Council of Europe (1992) Convention on the Protectionof the Archaeological Heritage of Europe (“VallettaConvention”). Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Craig, M.J. (1969) Dublin 1660–1860: a Social andArchitectural History. Dublin: Allen Figgis.Delany, R. (1992) Ireland’s Royal Canal 1789–1992.Dublin: Lilliput Press.Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment (2000) Local Government (Planning andDevelopment) Act, 2000. Dublin: Department of theEnvironment, Heritage and Local Government.Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment (2004) Architectural Heritage Guidelines.Dublin: Department of the Environment, Heritage andLocal Government.Department of the Environment, Heritage andLocal Government (2004) Architectural HeritageProtection, Guidelines for Planning Authorities. Dublin:Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment.Department of the Environment, Heritage and LocalGovernment (2006) National Inventory of ArchitecturalHeritage Handbook. Dublin: Department of theEnvironment, Heritage and Local Government.Dublin City Council (2005–2011) DevelopmentPlan Policies on Conservation and ArchitecturalConservation Areas (Dublin City Development Plan,2005–2011: Chapter 10: Heritage Policies H1–H27).Dublin: Dublin City Council.Dublin City Council (2005–2011) Record of ProtectedStructures (Dublin City Development Plan, 2005–2011: Vol. 3). Dublin: Dublin City Council.Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Guidelineson information to be contained in the EnvironmentalImpact Statement. Wexford: Environmental ProtectionAgency.690Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGEEnvironmental Protection Agency (2003) AdviceNotes on Current Practice in the preparationof Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford:Environmental Protection Agency.Graby, J. and O’Connor, D. (1993) PhaidonArchitecture Guide Dublin. Dublin: Phaidon Press.Hogan, F. (1990) Railway Station Houses of Ireland.Dublin: UCD.International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) (1964) Charter for the Conservation andRestoration of Monuments and Sites (Venice 1964).Venice: International Council on Monuments andSites.International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) (1966) International Charter for theConservation and Restoration of Monuments andSites (“Venice Charter”). Venice: International Councilon Monuments and Sites.International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) (1982) Charter on the Preservation ofHistoric Gardens (“Florence Charter”). Florence:International Council on Monuments and Sites.International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) (1987) Charter on the Conservationof Historic Towns and Urban Areas (“WashingtonCharter”). Washington, International Council onMonuments and Sites.International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) (1993) Guidelines for Education andTraining in the Conservation of Monuments,Ensembles and Sites. Colombo, Sri Lanka:International Council on Monuments and Sites.McCullough, N. (2007) Dublin, an Urban History: ThePlan of the City. Dublin: Lilliput Press.National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for theAssessment of Architectural Heritage Impacts of NationalRoad Schemes. Dublin: National Roads Authority.National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for theAssessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts ofNational Road Schemes. Dublin: National RoadsAuthority.Planning and Development (Amendment) Act (2002)Planning and Development (Amendment) Act, 2002,No. 32 of 2002.Planning and Development Regulations (2001)Planning and Development Regulations 2001, S.I. No.600 of 2001.Railway Procurement Agency (2008) EIS – MetroNorth Vols. 1–3. Dublin: Railway Procurement Agency.Sheperd, E. (1994) The Midland and Great WesternRailway: an Illustrated History. Leicester: Midland Pub.Somerville-Large, P. (1996) Dublin: The Fair City.London: Sinclair-Stevenson.Electronic resourcesNational Library of Ireland website:http://www.nli.ieDublin City Council website:http://www.dublincity.ieNational Inventory of Architectural Heritage website:http://www.buildingsofireland.comInternational Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) (1999) Charter for the Conservation ofPlaces of Cultural Significance (“Burra Charter”).Burra, Australia: International Council on Monumentsand Sites, 1979, revised 1999.International Council on Monuments and Sites(ICOMOS) (1999) Charter on the Built VernacularHeritage. Mexico: International Council on Monumentsand Sites.Kilroy, M. (1996) Irish Trams. Dublin: ColourpointPublishing.Lincoln, C. (1992) Dublin as a Work of Art. Dublin:O’Brien.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge691

MATERIAL ASSETS: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGECartographic sourcesAuthor yEAR dRAWN SubjECT/TITLESpeed, J. 1610 Dublin CityBrooking, C. 1728 Dublin City and SuburbsTudor, J. 1753 College GreenRocque, J. 1756 Dublin CityDuncan, W. 1821 Dublin CityOrdnance Survey 1844 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1864 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1876 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1911 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1925 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1939–1940 Dublin City and CountyOrdnance Survey 1948 Dublin City and CountyRailway Procurement Agency 2009 Topographical survey of proposed alignment692Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Material ASSETS: PROPERTy25 MATERIAL Assets:Property25.1 Introduction................................................................69525.2 Baseline assessment methodology.........................69525.2.1 Introduction..................................................................69525.2.2 Study area...................................................................69525.2.3 Difficulties encountered...............................................695Broombridge25.3 Baseline categorisation criteria...............................69625.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment......................69625.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment.......................69625.3.3 Existing adverse effects on thebaseline environment...................................................69625.3.4 Baseline rating.............................................................69625.4 description and categorisation of the baselineenvironment...............................................................69625.5 References.................................................................698CabraPhibsboroughGrangegormanBroadstone - DITParnellDominickO’ConnellUpperMarlboroughO’Connell - GPOWestmorelandTrinityDawsonSt. Stephen’s GreenBASELINEEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge693

Material ASSETS: PROPERTy25.1 IntroductionThis is the Material Assets: Property baseline chapterof the Luas Broombridge Environmental ImpactStatement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluatesthe existing property environment that is likely to beimpacted by the proposed scheme.Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (RailwayInfrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EIS mustcontain a description of the aspects of the environmentthat are likely to be significantly affected by a proposedscheme. This chapter of the EIS has been preparedin order to fulfil this requirement in respect of MaterialAssets (Property) (excluding public roadways).Prior to compiling this chapter, relevant planning andpolicy documents were reviewed to ascertain theexistence of any plans, policies or objectives relatingto property. The relevant findings of this review aredetailed in the Planning and Policy Context chapter ofthis EIS (Book 1, Chapter 3).Properties are considered to be valuable economicand social resources that, among other things, providefor residential amenity and business and commercialfacilities.Other baseline chapters within this EIS makereference to aspects of property which are notdetailed in this chapter and these include HumanBeings: Landuse, Human Beings: Socio-economics,Human Beings: Noise, Human Beings: Vibration,Human Beings: Traffic, Soil and Geology, Air andClimatic Factors, Material Assets: Archaeological andCultural Heritage, and Material Assets: ArchitecturalHeritage (Book 1, Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 21,23 and 24, respectively).Other schedules submitted as part of this Railway Order(RO) application make reference to aspects of propertyand therefore will not be detailed here including:■■■■Rights of way: Rights of way to be extinguished aspart of the proposed scheme will be listed in therelevant schedules of the RO applicationBuilding fixings: The design of the proposedscheme proposes fixing of the overhead wiresupport system to buildings at certain locationsalong the alignment. At certain stops, ClosedCircuit Television (CCTV) and lighting will be fixedto adjacent buildings. These fixing locations areindicated on the RO drawings and are addressed inthe Material Assets: Architectural Heritage impactassessment chapters of this EIS (Book 2 and 3,Chapter 15)This chapter considers the existing propertyenvironment and assigns a baseline rating orcategorisation for:■■■■■■Properties which may be acquired and permanentlydemolished under the proposed schemeProperties, a portion of which may be acquired ona permanent basis or a right of way or easementacquiredProperties, a portion of which are to be acquired ona temporary basis25.2 Baseline assessmentmethodology25.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existingenvironment against which future changes can bemeasured. The scope for the assessment has beeninformed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP),statutory consultees, bodies with environmentalresponsibility and other interested parties. Themethodology has also been devised in considerationof the following guidelines:■■Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidancewith respect to EISs (EPA) 1,2The general baseline assessment methodology isdefined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline propertyenvironment has been defined through title researchfor all properties to be acquired on a temporary orpermanent basis within the study area, a desktopstudy, consultation with land owners and field surveys.The baseline environment is then categorised usingthe criteria outlined in Section 25.3 and baselineratings are assigned. These baseline ratings aresubsequently used in the Material Assets: Propertyimpact assessment chapters of this EIS (Books 2and 3, Chapter 16) to help determine the impactsignificance.25.2.2 Study areaAll of the properties to be acquired on a temporary orpermanent basis as part of the proposed scheme areconsidered to represent the study area.25.2.3 difficulties encounteredThe baseline property environment has beendefined through title research, a desktop study, andconsultation with landowners for all properties orrights of way or easements that may be acquired inwhole or in part on a temporary or permanent basiswithin the study area.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge695

Material ASSETS: PROPERTyAs outlined in the Material Assets: ArchitecturalHeritage impact assessment chapter of this EIS(Books 2 and 3, Chapter 15), there are instanceswhere access to part or all of a basement may havebeen blocked leading to uncertainty over their extentsor their known existence.25.3 Baseline CATEgORISATIONcriteriaThis section of the baseline report categorisesthe baseline property environment. The baselineenvironment is assigned a baseline rating based onimportance, sensitivity and existing adverse effects ofthe receiving environment. Each of these three termsis explained in detail in this section. The professionalopinion of the specialist also plays an important role inassigning the baseline rating.Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of thisEIS (Book 1, Chapter 15).25.4 Description and CATEgORISATIONof the baseline environmentAll of the properties that may be impacted upon bythe proposed scheme are indicated on the propertydrawings and schedules attached to this ROapplication. This includes properties which have beenidentified for temporary or permanent acquisition. Ageneral description of the properties is shown in Table25.1.25.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentEvery property is important in its own right, particularlyto the owner. In the context of this chapter, the relativeimportance of one particular property over anotherdepends on its use. For example, occupied residentialproperties typically have a higher importance thannon-occupied derelict properties or brownfield sites.25.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentIn the context of this assessment, property sensitivityis defined as the extent to which a property canaccept change of a particular type and scale withoutunacceptable adverse effects on its functionality.Some properties are more sensitive to changes thanothers. Properties such as hospitals, educationalfacilities, small businesses and private residencies arevery sensitive to change. For example, a local smallbusiness could be very sensitive to relocation.25.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baselineenvironmentThe value of some properties may be impacted upon byvarious existing external forces which contribute to thedegradation of that property. These can include veryhigh levels of noise, vibration, traffic or air pollution.25.3.4 Baseline ratingProperties in general are viewed as being veryimportant to the individual owners and occupiers andare sensitive to acquisition. The baseline rating of theproperties are evaluated by means of the capacity ofthe property to accept change as represented by theproposed scheme, taking into account the importanceand sensitivity of different features of the environmentand the current use of the property. The baselinecategorisation for Protected Structures including thebasements of such structures is set out in the Material696Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Material ASSETS: PROPERTyTable 25.1 Properties to be impacted upon by the proposed schemePropertiesBASELINE RATINgArea 29: St. Stephen’s Green to former Broadstone railway cuttingVarious basements throughout Area 29.St. Stephen’s Green North and West footpath (forms part of curtilage of St.Stephen’s Green).Dawson Street “private landing”.Victorian toilet block on College Street.Marlborough Street: “private landing” area fronting Irish Life & Permanent.Marlborough Street: west side, area on the north of Sackville Place.DCC lands for redevelopment at the intersection of Parnell Street andDominick Street Lower and on the east side of Dominick Street Lower.DCC lands on the east side of Dominick Street Upper adjacent to thejunction with Dorset Street.Dominick Street Upper “private landing” area on the south side of thestreet at junction with Western Way.Amenity lands at Constitution Hill.Petrol filling station on Constitution Hill.Amenity lands at the intersection of Constitution Hill/Prebend Street.Derelict houses on DCC lands in front of Broadstone Bus Depot.Health Service Executive (HSE) lands at Grangegorman.Lands within Broadstone Bus Depot including maintenance shed andtemporary accommodation.Lands within Bus Átha Cliath Phibsborough Bus Garage.Low–very high*MediumMediumLowMediumMediumHighMediumMediumMediumVery highLowVery lowMediumLowHighArea 30: Former Broadstone railway cutting to BroombridgeCóras Iompair Éireann (CIÉ) lands within the former Broadstone railwaycutting from Broadstone to Broombridge.Car dealership on North Circular Road.Houses adjacent to the former Broadstone railway cutting between NorthCircular Road and Cabra Road.Laneway between Nos. 84 and 86 Cabra Park and the yard of print worksLand at the Fassaugh Road entrance to Mount Bernard Park.Lands within Mount Bernard Park.Parts of Iarnród Éireann railway lands and Broombridge platformCIÉ lands adjacent to the former Broadstone railway cutting and to therear of Shandon GardenParts of Iarnród Éireann railway lands south of Broombridge Road.Very lowMediumVery highMediumMediumHighLowLowLow* Baseline ratings for individual basements will vary depending upon use, condition, access, etc.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge697

Material ASSETS: PROPERTy25.5 References1Environmental Protection Agency (2002)Guidelines on the Information to be Containedin Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford:Environmental Protection Agency.2Environmental Protection Agency (2003) AdviceNotes on Current Practice in the Preparation ofEIS. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.698Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

26 MATERIAL Assets:Utilities26.1 Introduction................................................................70126.2 Baseline assessment methodology.........................70126.2.1 Introduction..................................................................70126.2.2 Study area...................................................................70126.2.3 Baseline data...............................................................70126.2.4 Difficulties encountered...............................................701Broombridge26.3 Baseline categorisation criteria...............................70126.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment......................70226.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment.......................70226.3.3 Existing adverse effects on thebaseline environment...................................................70226.3.4 Baseline rating.............................................................70226.4 description and categorisation of the baselineenvironment...............................................................70326.4.1 Description of the baseline environment......................70326.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environment................704Cabra26.5 References.................................................................705PhibsboroughGrangegormanBroadstone - DITParnellDominickO’ConnellUpperMarlboroughO’Connell - GPOWestmorelandTrinityDawsonSt. Stephen’s GreenBASELINE

Material ASSETS: uTILITIES26.1 IntroductionThis is the Utilities baseline chapter of the LuasBroombridge Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).This chapter describes and evaluates the existingutilities environment that is likely to be impacted by theproposed scheme.Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (RailwayInfrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EISmust contain a description of the aspects of theenvironment that are likely to be significantly affectedby a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS hasbeen prepared in order to fulfil this requirement inrespect of Material Assets (Utilities).Prior to preparing this chapter, a number of planningand policy documents were reviewed to ascertainif the documents contain any plans, policies orobjectives relating to utilities. The following documentshave been reviewed:■■Dublin City Development Plan (DCDP) 2005–2011 1■■Phibsborough/Mountjoy Local Area Plan 2■■Framework Plan for Parnell Square 3■■O’Connell Street Integrated Area Plan 4The relevant findings of this review are detailed in thePlanning and Policy Context chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 3).26.2 Baseline assessmentmethodology26.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existingenvironment against which future changes can bemeasured. This section presents the methodology usedin assessing the baseline utility environment. The scopefor the assessment has been informed by consultationwith An Bord Pleanála (ABP), statutory consulteesbodies with environmental responsibility and otherinterested parties. The methodology has also beendevised in consideration of the following guidelines:■■■■Guidelines on the Information to be Contained inEnvironmental Impact Statements (EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA)) 6Advice Note on Current Practice (in the Preparationof Environmental Impact Statements) (EPA) 7has been defined through a desktop study,consultation with relevant stakeholders and fieldsurveys. The baseline environment is then categorisedusing the criteria outlined in Section 26.3 and baselineratings are assigned. These baseline ratings aresubsequently used in the Material Assets: Utilitiesimpact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3,Chapter 17) to help determine the impact significance.26.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to thepotential for impact from the proposed scheme andthe availability of relevant information. The study areaincludes all lands directly affected by the proposedscheme. This includes all streets along the alignmentand adjacent streets.26.2.3 Baseline dataThe data sources used to compile the baseline areshown in Table 26.1.26.2.4 Difficulties encountered26.2.4.1 Availability of dataObtaining accurate details relating to the existing utilityenvironment is difficult. This assessment representsa fair view of the baseline environment based on theutility information that can reasonably be provided atthis stage of the process.26.2.4.2 Age and conditionIn some cases, insufficient data exists to make adetailed judgement on existing adverse effects suchas the age and material used for existing services andassociated risk in disturbing them. It is clear, however,that old cast iron or stoneware pipes are more atrisk of fracture than more modern facilities, e.g.unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) gas pipes.26.3 Baseline categorisation criteriaThis section of the baseline report categorisesthe baseline utilities environment. The baselineenvironment is assigned a baseline rating basedon importance and sensitivity of the receivingenvironment. Each of these terms is explained indetail in this section. Existing adverse effects isdiscussed below. The professional opinion of thespecialist also plays an important role in assigning thebaseline rating. The baseline rating will subsequentlybe used in the impact chapter to determine the likelysignificance of impacts which is discussed in detailin the Material Assets: Utilities impact assessmentchapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 17).The general baseline assessment methodology isdefined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS(Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline utilities environmentEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge701

Material ASSETS: uTILITIESTable 26.1 Baseline dataInformation AcquIREddATA SouRCEGas servicesWater servicesElectricity servicesCommunication cable servicesBord Gáis ÉireannDublin City Council (DCC)Electricity Supply Board (ESB)AuroraBT IrelandCable and WirelessColt TelecomEircomBus ÉireannBus Átha CliathIarnród ÉireannNTL/UPCSmart TelecomVerizonDCCIarnród ÉireannLuas operationsDrainage services DCC Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ)26.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentUtilities infrastructure ensures that power (electricity/gas), water and other services are provided to allindividuals in a reliable, consistent manner. Theday-to-day lives of all individuals and the commerciallife of the city and suburbs are highly dependent onthis supply. The Railway Procurement Agency (RPA)recognises the importance of ensuring that disruptionof any utility is minimised.The importance of a utility is determined takingaccount of the function, strategic nature and capacityof the utility. These are categorised as:■■■■Distribution networks: these are of local importanceand usually there is no contingency available tomaintain continuity of supply from other sources(e.g. DCC water mains supply)Local connection: these are of local importanceand usually there is no contingency available tomaintain continuity of supply from other sources(i.e. connection from distribution networks to privateproperties)26.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentDisruption of utilities at single point locations canoften affect the functionality of the infrastructure overa large area. Therefore, all utilities are consideredsensitive to change.26.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baselineenvironmentFor the purposes of this baseline assessment, existingadverse effects are not considered. However, it isrecognised that existing adverse effects may occurwithin the study area such as damaged asbestosconcrete pipes or leaking water pipes.26.3.4 Baseline ratingThe baseline rating of the existing utilities environmentis determined by having regard to the range of criteriawhich reflect its importance and sensitivity of thebaseline environment. The criteria that have beendefined are shown in Table 26.2.■■Transmission networks: these are of nationalor regional importance and there can be acontingency to continue supply from other sources(e.g. Bord Gáis Dublin to Cork transmission lineand DCC arterial mains)702Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Material ASSETS: uTILITIESTable 26.2 Criteria for baseline categorisationCriteriaGas distribution pipework (≤4bar).Water pipes (distribution) for drinking water, combined and surface watersewers, foul sewers.Electricity (distribution) cables including underground cables and overheadlines.Communication ducts (including cables such as telephone and voice datacables, cable television networks, signalling and traffic cables and othercontrol cables (e.g. Luas and other private services)).Local connections.Gas transmission/high pressure pipework (≥4bar).Water pipes (arterial) for drinking water, combined and surface watersewers, foul sewers.Electricity (transmission) cables including underground cables andoverhead lines.Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableBASELINE RATINgVery highHighMediumLowVery low26.4 Description and CATEgORISATIONof the baseline environment26.4.1 Description of the baseline environmentA general description of the types of utilities occurringwithin the study area is provided in this section.Gas distribution (≤4bar) pipes can occur as eitherpolyethylene (PE) or PE inserted into cast iron pipes.The majority of the water supply pipes (distributionand arterial) can occur as cast or ductile iron pipes.Some of the older mains are asbestos concretepipes with newer mains occurring as high pressurepolyethylene (HPPE).Older sewers within the study area are typically ofbrick arch construction with in situ concrete or blockwork manholes and are generally located in deepareas where they are difficult to move. Newer sewersare constructed using concrete pipes and in somecases precast manholes have been built as part of thenetwork.Underground electricity cables are present in a numberof locations within the study area. These cables occurat various voltage levels including, 10, 38 and 110kV.Most cables have an aluminium core with a plasticcoating but some older distribution and transmissioncables have oil-impregnated paper as a coating.The communication cables within the study area canoccur in uPVC, medium density polyethylene (MDPE),high density polyethylene (HDPE), etc., ducts and areaccessed from chambers at surface level. Earthingarrangements are also provided in the vicinity of anytelephone exchanges.26.4.1.1 Area 29: St. Stephen’s Green to formerBroadstone railway cuttingGas distribution pipework throughout Area 29 occursas PE and steel and operates at 4bar pressure andless. Pipe sizes range from 63mm 25mbar pressurefor domestic supply to 315mm 4bar pressure.Examples of the size and nature of the gas distributionpipework throughout Area 29 are:■■■■At the junction of Hawkins Street and CollegeStreet (315mm PE operating at 25mbar)At the junction of O’Connell Street and ParnellStreet (315mm PE laid in 600mm cast ironoperating at 25mbar and 180mm PE operating at4bar)The water supply pipework throughout Area 29includes the DCC water distribution network andthe DCC arterial water network. The distributionnetwork includes some asbestos concrete pipework.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge703

Material ASSETS: uTILITIESExamples of the size and nature of the water pipeworkthroughout Area 29 are:■■■■At Constitution Hill (800mm ductile iron water main)At the junction of Hawkins Street and CollegeStreet (600mm DCC cast iron water main)There is also a private water network to service theBroadstone Bus Depot.DCC operates both combined sewer and surfacewater sewer networks within Area 29. These networkscomprise of local surface water collection, foul watercollection from domestic and private premises andtrunk sewers. There is also a private drainage networkwithin the Broadstone Bus Depot which discharges tothe main sewer network on Constitution Hill.Underground electricity cables are present in anumber of locations within Area 29. Examples of thesize and nature of cables occurring at various voltagelevels are:■■■■■■10kV medium voltage underground electricitycables at numerous locations throughout the studyarea38kV high voltage underground electricity cablesat the junction of Fleet Street and WestmorelandStreet and at Burgh Quay110kV high voltage underground electricity cableslocated along Dominick Street UpperA number of communication companies operatenetworks within Area 29. These include Eircom,NTL/UPC, BT Ireland, Colt Telecom, DCC, Aurora,EU Networks, Cable&Wireless, Verizon and SmartTelecom. These networks supply domestic andindustrial telephone and broadband services andare predominantly housed in plastic and sometimesconcrete ducting. The Luas communications networkis also present within Area 29 and typically comprisescommunications cables housed in uPVC ductbanks.There are a large number of communication networkwithin this study area (greater than 12 ducts).Examples of the communication network within Area29 are:26.4.1.2 Area 30: Former Broadstone railwaycutting to BroombridgeThere is no gas distribution pipework present withinthe former Broadstone railway cutting. However, thereis gas distribution pipework within the over bridgesat North Circular Road, Cabra Road and FassaughRoad.The water supply pipework throughout Area 30includes DCC water distribution and arterial network,including some arterial asbestos concrete pipes atBroombridge and cast iron pipes along the formerBroadstone railway cutting.DCC operates combined, surface water and foulsewer networks within Area 30. These networkscomprise of local surface water collection, foul watercollection from domestic and private premises andtrunk sewers including:■■■■DCC 750mm surface water sewer operating atBroombridgeDCC 750mm foul sewer operating at BroombridgeA number of communication companies operatenetworks within Area 30. These include Eircom,NTL/UPC and Iarnród Éireann. The networks supplydomestic and industrial telephone and broadbandservices and are predominantly housed in plasticducting. The Iarnród Éireann communications networkis laid alongside the track on the Phoenix Park Lineand also along the Maynooth railway line.There are no ductbanks of greater than 6 ducts withinthe study area.26.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environmentA summary of the baseline categorisation is shown inTable 26.3.■■48×100 and 35×100mm ducting at the junction ofFleet Street and Westmoreland Street■■20×100mm ducting along O’Connell Street704Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Material ASSETS: uTILITIESTable 26.3 Baseline categorisationArea SuMMARy dESCRIPTION BASELINE RATINg2930Gas distribution pipework (≤4bar).DCC water distribution network, including some asbestos concretepipes.Combined and surface water drainage.Electrical distribution network.Communications network.High pressure gas main on O’Connell Street.10kV medium voltage underground electricity cables.38kV high voltage underground electricity cables.110kV high voltage underground electricity cables located alongDominick Street.DCC arterial water network.DCC water distribution network.Combined, surface water and foul drainage.Electrical distribution network.Communications network.Gas distribution within the over bridges at North Circular Road,Cabra Road and Fassaugh Road.Very highHighVery highHigh26.5 References1Dublin City Council (2005) Dublin CityDevelopment Plan 2005–2011. Dublin: Dublin CityCouncil.7Environmental Protection Agency (2003) AdviceNotes on Current Practice (in the Preparationof Environmental Impact Statements). Wexford:Environmental Protection Agency.2Dublin City Council (2009) Draft Dublin CityDevelopment Plan 2011-2017. Dublin: Dublin CityCouncil.3Dublin City Council (2008) Phibsborough/MountjoyLocal Area Plan. Dublin: Dublin City Council.4Howley Harrington Architects in collaborationwith Dublin City Council and Alan Sherwood (TheTourism Co.) (2005) Framework Plan for ParnellSquare. Dublin: Dublin City Council.5Dublin City Council (1998) O’Connell StreetIntegrated Area Plan. Dublin: Dublin City Council.6Environmental Protection Agency (2002)Guidelines on the Information to be Containedin Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford:Environmental Protection Agency.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge705

Material ASSETS: uTILITIES706Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Glossary ofabbreviations andtermsBroombridgeCabraPhibsboroughGrangegormanBroadstone - DITParnellDominickO’ConnellUpperMarlboroughO’Connell - GPOWestmorelandTrinityDawsonSt. Stephen’s GreenBASELINE

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSGLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONSACRONymdEFINITIONABPACACAANSIAPFCAQGAQSAVLSBACBCIbglBq/m 3BRTCACAFCBACCRCCTVCFBCGSCIÉCLEACOCO 2cSACCSOCTNDARTdBdBADCDCCAn Bord PleanálaAlternating currentArchitectural Conservation AreaAmerican National Standards InstituteA Platform for ChangeAir Quality GuidelinesAir Quality StandardsAutomatic vehicle location systemBus Átha CliathBat Conservation IrelandBelow ground levelBecquerels per cubic metreBus Rapid TransitConservation AreasCommon Appraisal FrameworkCost benefit analysisCentral Control RoomClosed-circuit televisionCentral Fisheries BoardCounty Geological SitesCóras Iompair ÉireannContaminated Land Exposure AssessmentCarbon monoxideCarbon dioxideCandidate Special Area of ConservationCentral Statistics OfficeCable transmission networkDublin Area Rapid TransitDecibels“A” weighted decibelDirect currentDublin City CouncilEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge709

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSAcronymdEFINITIONDCDPDCIHRDCUDITDMRBDoEHLGDoTDTOdRPGGDADUTCEDEIAEISEMEMCEMFEMIEMREMSEPAEPRCEQSERBDERFBESBFAQFCGACGDAGDSDSGISGSIGPOGSWRDublin City Development PlanDublin City Industrial Heritage RecordDublin City UniversityDublin Institute of TechnologyDesign Manual for Roads and BridgesDepartment of Environment, Heritage and Local GovernmentDepartment of TransportDublin Transportation Officedraft Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin AreaDublin United Transport CompanyElectoral DivisionEnvironmental Impact AssessmentEnvironmental Impact StatementElectromagneticElectromagnetic CompatibilityElectromagnetic FieldsElectromagnetic InterferenceElectromagnetic RadiationEnvironmental Management SystemEnvironmental Protection AgencyEmerging Preferred Route CorridorEnvironmental quality standardEastern River Basin DistrictEastern Regional Fisheries BoardElectricity Supply BoardFrequently asked questionsFaecal ColiformsGeneric assessment criteriaGreater Dublin AreaGreater Dublin Strategic Drainage StudyGeographical Information SystemGeological Survey of IrelandGeneral Post OfficeGreat Southern and Western Railway710Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSAcronymHARPHAVSHGVHSEHzIAPsIAZsICFICNIRPICOMOSIEEMIGIIPPCISOIWACkphL AeqLAPLAL denLGVLLCAsL nightMCAMGWRMIDMRPMTBEMVMNMWNAPNBPNCCSdEFINITIONHistoric Area Rejuvenation ProjectHand arm vibration syndromeHeavy Goods VehicleHealth Services ExecutiveHertzIntegrated Area PlansIntegrated Area ZonesIrish Concrete FederationInternational Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation ProtectionInternational Council on Monuments and SitesInstitute of Ecological and Environmental ManagementInstitute of Geologists of IrelandIntegrated Pollution Prevention ControlInternational Standards OrganisationInert Waste Acceptance Criteriakilometers per hourThe equivalent continuous noise level.Local Area PlanLanduse areaDay Evening Night Noise LevelLight Goods VehicleLocal Landscape Character AreasNight Noise LevelsMulti-criteria analysisMidland Great Western RailwayMobility Impaired and DisabledMolybdate Reactive PhosphateMethyl tert-butyl etherMedium VoltageMetro NorthMetro WestNational Action PlanNational Biodiversity PlanNational Climate Change StrategyEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge711

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSAcronymdEFINITIONNDPNEICNGRNHANHPNIAHNLINMLNO 2NO xNPWSNRANSSNTAOCSOPWOSOSIPAPAHPEPIDPM 2.5PM 10pNHAppbppmPPVPRCQBCRIACRAPIDPRORBDNational Development PlanNorth East Inner CityNational Grid ReferenceNational Heritage AreaNational Heritage PlanNational Inventory of Architectural HeritageNational Library of IrelandNoise monitoring locationNitrogen dioxideOxides of nitrogenNational Parks and Wildlife ServiceNational Roads AuthorityNational Spatial StrategyNational Transport AuthorityOverhead Conductor SystemOffice of Public WorksOrdnance SurveyOrdnance Survey IrelandPublic addressPolycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsPolyethylenePassenger information displayParticulate matter (less than 2.5 microns)Particulate matter (less than 10 microns)Proposed Natural Heritage AreaParts per billionParts per millionPeak Particle VelocityPreferred Route CorridorQuality Bus CorridorRoyal Irish Automobile ClubRevitalising Areas by Planning, Investment and DevelopmentPetroleum Range OrganicsRiver Basin District712Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSAcronymdEFINITIONRFRIARIAIRMPRORPARPIIRPGGDARPGsRPSSAAOSACSCATSSEASEMSDCCSDCSSGVSIMCSMRSPASpp.SPZTAGTCDTHCTKNTONTotal PTVMUCDUHIV/mVDVRadiofrequencyRoyal Irish AcademyRoyal Institute of the Architects of IrelandRecord of Monuments and PlacesRailway OrderRailway Procurement AgencyRadiological Protection Institute of IrelandRegional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin AreaRegional Planning GuidelinesRecord of Protected StructuresSpecial Area Amenity OrderSpecial Areas of ConservationSydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic SystemStrategic Environmental AssessmentScanning Electron MicroscopeSouth Dublin County CouncilSupplementary Development Contribution SchemeSoil Guideline ValueSocial Inclusion Monitoring CommitteeSites and Monuments RecordSpecial protection areaSpeciesSource Protection ZoneTransport Analysis GuidanceTrinity College DublinTotal hydrocarbonsTotal Kjeldahl NitrogenTotal Oxidised NitrogenTotal PhosphorousTicket vending machineUniversity College DublinUrban Heat IslandVolts per metreVibration Dose ValueEnvironmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge713

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSAcronymdEFINITIONVMLWBVWFDWHOWSCWWTPZAPZOCµg/m 3Vibration Monitoring LocationWhole Body VibrationWater Framework DirectiveWorld Health OrganizationWide Streets CommissionWastewater Treatment PlantZone of Archaeological PotentialZone of contributionMicrograms per cubic metreµT Microtesla714Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSGLOSSARY OF TERMSTERM“A” weighted decibel(dBA)Air Quality Standards(AQS)AlignmentAlluvial soilsAlternating current (AC)Ammonia (NH 3)AmphibiansAnthropogenicAquiferArchitecturalConservation Areas(ACA)ArgillaceousAromaticsBaseline environmentBaseline ratingBiochemical OxygenDemand (BOD)BoreholeBrown EarthsBrownfieldCalcareousCatchmentCensus of Population ofIrelandChemical OxygenDemand (COD)dEFINITIONA frequency weighting applied to sound measurements which approximates tothe frequency response of the human ear.Permissible levels of regulated air pollutants in a control region.The position of tracks relative to the surrounding topography.A fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in riverbeds.An electric current that reverses direction in a circuit at regular intervals.A simple form of nitrogen primarily originating in waste discharges.A cold-blooded, smooth-skinned vertebrate.Effects, processes or materials derived from human activitiesA water-bearing layer of soil, sand, gravel, or rock that yields water.An area where the architectural design and scale of these areas is of sufficientimportance to require special care in dealing with development proposals andworks by the private and public sector alike.A sedimentary rock containing a significant proportion of fine grained (clay)minerals, mudstone.Organic compounds containing covalently-bound atoms with specificcharacteristics.Environmental conditions that currently exist and against which any futurechanges can be assessed.Used to express the combined consideration of importance, sensitivity andexisting adverse effects.Biochemical Oxygen Demand. It is a chemical procedure for determining how fastbiological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water. It provides a measure ofthe pollution present in water.A hole drilled in the earth to obtain water, oil or soil samples.Term given to brown soils which once supported a thick cover of deciduousforests. Brown Earths often formed on glacial subsoil deposits. They aregenerally free draining, weathered, slightly leached and only slightly horizonated.In town planning, Brownfield land is an area of land previously used or built uponor land that is or was occupied by a permanent structure, which has becomevacant, underused or derelict and has the potential for development.Descriptor of a rock which contains calcium carbonate.The land area contributing flow to a point on a watercourse.A census of the population of the whole of Ireland, occurring every four yearsbetween 1821 and 2006.It is an indirect measure of the amount of organic compounds in water. UnlikeBOD, COD measures everything that can be chemically oxidised, rather than justlevels of biologically active organic matter.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge715

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSTERMdEFINITIONCommon NewtConservation AreaDecibels (dB)DemographyDiesel Range Organics(DRO)Direct current (DC)Do-minimum scenarioDo-nothing scenarioE. coliEcosystemElectoral Divisions (EDs)EstuaryFaecal coliformsFaunaFloraFluvioglacialGeohazardsGlaciomarineGleyGreenfieldGroundwaterHabitatHoltSmall semiaquatic salamander.An area where the architectural design and scale of these areas is of sufficientimportance to require special care in dealing with development proposals andworks by the private and public sector alike.The basic unit for sound measurement. Decibels are measured on a linear scalewhich defines a logarithmic amplitude scale, thereby compressing a wide rangeof amplitude values into a small set of numbers.The study of the size, growth, and age and geographical distribution of humanpopulations, and births, deaths, marriages, and migrations.This refers to diesel fuels and by-products.Electric current flowing in one direction only and substantially constant in value.The scenario that would exist in the future if the project was not to go ahead.The situation, which would exist if no intervention of development, as carried out.Escherichia coli. Bacteria of definite faecal origin (human and animal). Theirpresence in water is evidence of faecal contamination and indicates a risk thatpathogens may be present.A community of different plant and animal species interacting with one anotherand with their non-living environment.The smallest administrative area for which population statistics are published.The transitional area at the mouth of a river between fresh water and coastalwater.Harmless bacteria which serve as indicators of the presence of human andanimal faeces in waters.All of the living animals.All of the plants.Descriptor of a landform/sediment formed as result of escape of meltwater from aglacier.Are natural earth processes that pose a risk to human life. They includegeological hazards such as landslides, bog bursts, coastal erosion andsubsidence.Descriptor of a landform/sediment formed in a marine (sea) environment close toa glacier.A product of waterlogged soil conditions, often mottled.Clean, undeveloped land.Groundwater is the water beneath the surface that can be collected with wells,tunnels, or drainage galleries, or that flows naturally to the earth’s surface viaseeps or springs. Groundwater is the water that is pumped by wells and flows outthrough springs.The dwelling place of a species or community, providing a particular set ofenvironmental conditions (e.g. forest floor, sea shore, river bank).Otter breeding or resting place.716Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSTERMHydrogeologicalIntegrated Area Plans(IAPs)KarstificationKiss & Ride lay-bysdEFINITIONThe branch of geology that deals with the occurrence, distribution, and effect ofground water.An integrated area plan consists of a written statement and a plan indicating theobjectives for the social and economic renewal, on a sustainable basis, of thearea to which the plan relates, and improvements in the physical environment ofthat area.The process of solution and infiltration by water, mainly chemical but alsomechanical, whereby the surface features and subterranean drainage networkof a karstland are developed to form a karst topography, including such surfacefeatures as dolines, karren, and mogotes and such subsurface features as cavesand shafts.Pick up and drop off of passengers by private car at Broombridge.Limestone A sedimentary rock composed largely of the carbonate mineral calcite (CaCO 3).LithificationLocal LandscapeCharacter Areas (LLCA)LuasMudstoneOperational phaseOverhead ConductorSystem (OCS)Peak Particle Velocity(PPV)Petroleum RangeOrganics (PRO)PM 2.5PM 10PodzolPodzolic SoilsPolycyclic AromaticHydrocarbons (PAH)PollutantPolyethylene (PE)Proposed NaturalHeritage Area (pNHA)Process whereby unconsolidated sediment becomes cemented and is convertedinto rock.An area which has a distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurconsistently.Dublin’s light rail transport system.A fine-grained, dark gray sedimentary rock, formed from silt and clay and similarto shale but without laminations.The period of time over which the proposed scheme will be in operation.The system through which power is supplied to light rail vehicles.The parameter normally used to assess the ground vibration is expressed inmillimetres per second (mm/s).This refers to petroleum fuels and by-products.Fine particles in the (ambient) air 2.5 microns or less in size.Fine particles in the (ambient) air 10 microns or less in size.Term given to soils which form in cool, seasonally humid climatic regions, whereleaching is a dominant process.Term given to soils which range from well-drained to poorly-drained, and aretypified by a black to dark brown B-horizon (in which mineral and organic materialfrom upper layers is deposited).Chemical compounds that consist of fused aromatic rings. PAHs occur in oil,coal, and tar deposits, and are produced as by-products of fuel burning (whetherfossil fuel or biomass). As a pollutant, they are of concern because somecompounds have been identified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic.A contaminant whose concentration has increased to an objectionable level andwhich may harm the recipient.A thermoplastic material belonging to a group of polymers called polyolefins.An area that is potentially considered important for the habitats present or whichholds species of plants and animals whose habitat needs protection.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge717

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSTERMProposed schemeRadiofrequencyReceptorReptilesRevitalising Areas byPlanning, Investment andDevelopment (RAPID)River Basin District(RBD)SedimentarySensitive riversShaleSpecial Area ofConservation (SAC)Special Protection Area(SPA)SpraintsSuDSTotal NitrogenTotal Oxidised Nitrogen(TON)Total PhosphorousTownscapeTraffic assessmentTraffic flowTraffic impact modelUrban Heat Island (UHI)dEFINITIONThe Luas Broombridge development proposals subject to the Railway Order.Radiation is a subset of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 100km to1mm, which is a frequency of 300 Hz to 3000 GHz, respectively.Any element in the environment which is subject to impacts.Terrestrial or aquatic vertebrates which breathe air through lungs and have a skincovering of horny scales.An initiative that is led by the Department of Community, Rural and GaeltachtAffairs to focus investment into the most concentrated areas of disadvantage inthe country.Defined as an area of land and sea made up of one or more neighbouring riverbasins together with their associated groundwater, and coastal waters andidentified as the main unit for management of river basins. A River Basin Districtmust include coastal/marine waters up to one nautical mile beyond the boundaryfrom which territorial waters are measured.Rock formed from mechanically or chemically derived sediment.Rivers that are either eutrophic or prone to eutrophication.Sedimentary rock formed from fine, clay-sized sediment.Sites included in Annex I and II of the EC Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) due tothem being considered to be of European interest following criteria given in thedirective.Sites designated under the European Union directive on the Conservation of wildBirds (79/409/EEC) to protect important bird species.Faeces or droppings of Otters.Sustainable Drainage System. A sequence of management practices and controlstructures designed to drain surface water in a more sustainable fashion thansome conventional techniques. This includes a range of measures designedto reduce the rate and quantity of surface run-off from developed areas and toimprove run-off water quality.Organic nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia.Nitrate and nitrite. Nitrate (NO 3) being the more oxidised form of Nitrogen.Phosphorus is an important nutrient for plant and animal growth. TotalPhosphorus is the measure of the total concentration of phosphorus present in awater sample.The urban landscapeConsists of the collection of data, traffic census and the analysis of this data inorder to make traffic flow predictions.The number of vehicles travelling along a particular route in a particular directionover a period of time.A model, constructed from data that enables the determination of transportationdemands of development proposals and provides for reduction of adverseimpacts on the transportation system.A microclimatic effect that is experienced in urban areas.718Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

Glossary OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMSTERMdEFINITIONUtilitiesVibration Dose Value(VDV)Visual amenityWater FrameworkDirective (WFD)Zone of ArchaeologicalPotential (ZAP)Zone of contribution(ZOC)Services provided such as water, gas, electricity and telecommunications.Cumulative measurement of the vibration level received over an 8-hour or 16-hour period.The value of views to a receptor in a particular area.Is a European directive whose principle objective is “to achieve good qualitystatus in all waters by 2015 and to ensure that status does not deteriorate in anywaters”. The WFD requires each Member State to implement changes to themanagement of groundwater bodies taking account of all aspects of the watercycle.The zone of archaeological potential for historic Dublin which encompasses themajority of Dublin city centre and is a designated as a RMP.The area surrounding a pumping well that encompasses all areas or features thatsupply ground-water recharge to the well.Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge719

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