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WSEAS TRANSACTIONS onINFORMATION SCIENCE and APPLICATIONSGiulio Concas, Filippo Eros Pani, Maria Ilaria Lunesumay not be appropriate or convenient. Most archivesuse Qualified DC as main schema for indexing anddisplaying metadata and Simple DC to show themthrough the OAI-PMH standard. Therefore, theadoption of Dublin Core must be thoroughlyevaluated when an archive is needed to be compliantwith the interoperability principles required by OAI.Our of the four criteria listed in section 4.3, the mostsuitable technique for the case study is an hybridmodel between the second (mapping of nativemetadata on DC elements and creation of newcustomized qualifiers for DC elements) and the thirdone (creation of a customized metadata schema,identical to the native metadata set). The thirdcriterion is more convenient for linguisticannotations, so that a dedicated metadata schemacan be created to preserve their granularity; whilethe second criterion is best suited for all othermetadata, because it combines the advantages ofgranularity as provided by qualifiers tointeroperability provided by DC metadata.5.6 Application Profile for the AnalyticalSound Archive of SardiniaIn creating a specific application profile for theASAS, a "conservative" approach was used towardsthe original Qualified DC elements and qualifiers inorder to use as many of them as possible for theformalization of descriptive and relational metadata.A special schema, identified by the prefix "asas",was created instead for annotations. Its metadatawere entered into the DC application profile asoutlined below.Metainformationor ASASAnnotationTitleAuthorPublisherObjectDescriptionContributorAnnotatorLocationDateOccasionSourceDocumentAccessibilityDC Application Profile Metadatadc.titledc.creatordc.publisherdc.typedc.type.categorydc.contributordc.contributor.annotatoredc.coverage.spatialdc.date.createddc.subjectdc.relation.isbasedondc.rightsPerformerdc.contributor.sperakerPerformerPerformer's Age dc.description.speakerPerformerPerformer's Placeof OriginLanguageSourceCompletenessSource No.Source SectionNo.Document TypeFormatAcquisitionMethodReading TypeInterview TypeMonody TypeUnison /HeterophonyAccompanimentTypedc.description.speakerPerformerdc.languagedc.description.integritàdc.relation.ispartofseriesdc.relation.ispartofseriesdc.format.audioVideodc.format.mediumdc.format.modoAcquisizionedc.type.letturadc.type.intervistadc.type.monodiadc.type.unisonoEterofoniaPolyphony Type dc.type.polifoniaInstrumentalInstrumentSinging TypeOtherSyllableToneMorphemePhoneWordPart of SpeechSyntagmSentenceInformationStructureTurnPerfdc.type.monodiaAccompagnamentodc.type.strumentaledc.type.strumentodc.type.tipoCantodc.descriptionasas.annotazione.sillabaasas.annotazione.toniasas.annotazione.morfemaasas.annotazione.fonoasas.annotazione.parolaasas.annotazione.posasas.annotazione.sintagmaasas.annotazione.fraseasas.annotazione.strutturaInformativaasas.annotazione.turnPerfMusical Syllable asas.annotazione.sillabaMusicaleMetric Segmentasas.annotazione.segmentoMetricoMusical Segment asas.annotazione.segmentoMusicaleTonal CentreNotationOrnamentationAccentsMelismaticSyllableADD1asas.annotazione.centroTonaleasas.annotazione.notazioneasas.annotazione.ornamentazioneasas.annotazione.accentiasas.annotazione.sillabaMelismaticaasas.annotazione.annotazioneLiberaTable 1: Application profile for the ASASE-ISSN: 2224-3402 144 Issue 5, Volume 10, May 2013
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS onINFORMATION SCIENCE and APPLICATIONSGiulio Concas, Filippo Eros Pani, Maria Ilaria LunesuThe next step is to enter metadata in theknowledge management system: oncemetainformation have been organized andstructured, the KMS is configured so that it can beadapted to the selected metadata schema.5.7 Choice and Customization of the KMSDSpace, an open source software packagedeveloped in 2000 in the context of a joint project ofthe Massachussetts Institute of Technology withHewlett-Packard, provides all the necessary toolsfor creation and management of an IR based on theOpen Access model [1]. Such an IR can collect,store, index, preserve and make accessible theinformation output created by universities andresearch institutes in a digital format.DSpace is designed as a central storage facilityable to collect all kinds of content from thecommunity relating to the institution through a userinterface as simple and intuitive as possible. It cancollect various types of digital resources includingtext, images, video, audio, articles and preprints,technical reports, working papers, datasets, andlearning objects directly from the creators.DSpace was chosen to realize the AnalyticSound Archive of Sardinia as it fulfills all therequirements asked by linguists and musicologists.It is in fact completely customizable, supportsnatively Qualified DC metadata schema and iscompatible with OAI with the support of OAI-PMH.The proposed approach allows to insert the corpusand the associated knowledge inside of DSpace,ensuring the maintenance of its structure and theability to interrogate and update it easily by addingor modifying its contents. Each text of the corpusis inserted into a DSpace item so that it can beuniquely associated with all of the metadata neededfor the linguistic analysis. The audio file containsthe registrations and the original files with theannotations are loaded inside of the item as abitstream, while the metadata are stored in thesystem database.The first step consisted in the insertion of thecustomization of new qualifiers for the Dublin Coredescriptive metadata representation and a newscheme called "asas" for the representation of theannotations. When inserting the corpus into DSpaceit was decided to create a specific item for each ofaudio clip. It was therefore necessary to set therelease wizard offered by DSpace by changing thespecific XML file responsible for entry forms(input-forms.xml). The descriptive metadata,identified by researchers, such as title, author, typeof song, instrument, etc., and all metadatacorresponding to linguistic annotations (phono,morpheme, word, etc.), was associated to each item,together with the original file containing the audiorecording and the original file of annotations.Figure 1: Customization of DSpace metadata'sRegisterAfter the insertion of metadata, the interface wascustomized by replacing the standard formsprovided by DSpace using modules specficallydesigned to allow the creation of items and therelease of DC metadata according to the specificneeds of the project. The metadata on theannotations were inserted instead using directimport because the high number of occurrences foreach item made it difficult to enter them manually,as shown by Hillman and Westbrooks [21].Finally, we proceeded to customize the searchinterface of DSpace in order to adapt it to newmetadata and to the particular needs of the AnalyticSound Archive of Sardinia. In essence, all metadatacorresponding to linguistic annotations needed to beindexed in DSpace’s search engine so that we couldfind a certain audio clip even through the search ofan associated record. Furthermore, some descriptivemetadata such as location, type of performer andcontribution were indexed to allow effectivesearching that exploited the granularity of themetadata.5.7.1 Metadata SchemasThe metadata are stored and managed by DSpacethrough a special tool, the Metadata Registry, wherethe Qualifed Dublin Core schema is configured bydefault. It can nevertheless be changed, and newcustomized schemas can be added. The systemoffers two ways to configure the register: one is thegraphic interface named Manakin, and the other canE-ISSN: 2224-3402 145 Issue 5, Volume 10, May 2013
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