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COLLECTIONSOF THEILLINOIS STATE HISTORICALLIBRARYVOLUME VI

?ERS AND PERIODICALSQF ILLINOIS1814-1879BVFRANKLIN WILLIAM SCOTT, A. M.(UN K ILLINOIS 1903)THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OFREQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OFDOCTOR OF j PHY IN ENGLISHnlPUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR

FIRST NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN ILLINOISIn the collections of the Illinois State Historical Library

-o,..NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALSOF ILLINOIS"U3 *1814-1879BYFRANKLIN WILLIAM SCOTT, A. M.(UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS JQ03)THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OFTHE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OFDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISHIN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THEUNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 1911PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR

COPYRIGHT, 1910BYTHE ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARYR. R. DONNELLEY * SONS COMPANYCHICAGO

PREFACEAs first planned, this work was to include by wayof introductiona fairly comprehensive history of the periodicalsand newspapers of the state.The bibliography grew beyondthe expected size, and the historical material provedeven more abundant; consequently the introduction hasbeen made only a sketch, and is to be regarded as butpreliminary to a more thorough treatment of the subject.It is to be hoped, however, that even in this brief formit may indicate some of the many wayshi which theephemeral stuff of newspapers and periodicals is an organicpart of the literature and historyof the commonwealth.That but a slight amount of this material is preserved at all,and that little of what is extant is accessible, are two deplorablefacts to be derived from the following pages. Thelibrary lists may prove convenience to those who haveoccasion to consult files c early newspapers. If they serveno other purpose, however, they may call attention to theslight amount of such material now in the safe keeping offireproof library buildings, and may indirectly help to rescuefrom attics and storerooms the dwindling legacy that is foodfor mice and flames.The sources of the bibliography include practically allof the printed county histories and "biographical albums"and some in manuscript; the proceedings of state, county,V195013

viILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSand city historical societies, histories of Illinois and of towns ;gazetteers, early books of travels, memoirs, city directories,newspaper directories from 1856, fourteen hundred individuals,either through correspondence or through interviews,and the files of many of the publications. In manyinstances it has been well nigh, and in some quite, impossibleto reconcile conflictsof statement, especiallyof the publication concerned could be found.when no filesFor instance,the desire of publishers to acquire long lifefor their papershas insome cases caused the papers to accrete age simultaneouslyat both ends of their careers. In the newspaperdirectories for 1871 to 1876, 1868 is given as the year inwhich a certain paper was established. By1880 this datehad receded to 1864, and, gaining momentum, by 1881 hadgone to 1 86 1. Sometimes these dates are changed arbi-more often, though, antiquity is acquired by fasten-trarily;ing paternity upon some preceding publication. Thisphenomenon has been a source of confusion, and probablyof error. Possibly many papers are linked in series that havehad no other than a chronological relation.I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to the largenumber of persons whom I cannot mention individually:editors, former editors, librarians, members of the StateHistorical Society, and others, who to the number of nearlyfourteen hundred have contributed to the makingof thiscompilation. Special acknowledgementis due PresidentEdmund Janes James, of the University of Illinois;Mrs.Jessie Palmer Weber, Librarian of the State Historical

PREFACEviiLibrary ;Miss Caroline Mcllvain, Librarian of the ChicagoHistorical Society; Mr. John Vance Cheney, formerlyLibrarian of the Newberry Library;Mr. Ensley Moore, ofJacksonville; Mr. Paul Selby, of Chicago; Mr. John W.Merritt, of Springfield; Dr. J. F. Snyder, of Virginia, forthe use of his unpublished history of the newspapers of CassCounty and for many helpful suggestions;Mr. Herbert E.Fleming, of Chicago, for the use of much unpublishedmaterial, as well as his published study of the periodicalsof Chicago;and Professor Alvord for much editorial kindness.F. W. S.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSHISTORICAL INTRODUCTIONKEY TO ABBREVIATIONS, ETCBIBLIOGRAPHYTABLE OF CONTENTSPAGExxiABINGDON, KNOX COUNTY ........ iALBANY, WHITESIDE COUNTY. ....... 2ALBION, EDWARDS COUNTY ........ 2ALEDO, MERCER COUNTY ........ 2ALEXIS, WARREN COUNTY ........ 3ALGONQUIN, MCHENRY COUNTY ....... 3ALTAMONT, EFFINGHAM COUNTY ....... 3ALTON, MADISON COUNTY ..... 3ALTONA, KNOX COUNTY ........ 9AMBOY, LEE COUNTY ......... 9ANNA, UNION COUNTY ......... 10APPLE RIVER, Jo DAVIESS COUNTY . . . . . .nARCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTY . . . . . . . .11ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, COOK COUNTY . . . . . .11ASHKUM, IROQUOIS COUNTY . . . . . . . .11ASHLAND, CASS COUNTY . . . . . . . .11ASHLEY, WASHINGTON COUNTY . . . . . . .12ASHTON, LEE COUNTY . . . . . . . .12ASSUMPTION, CHRISTIAN COUNTY . . . . . .12ASTORIA, FULTON COUNTY . . . . . . . .12ATLANTA, LOGAN COUNTY . . . . . . . .12AUBURN, SANGAMON COUNTY ....... 13AUGUSTA, HANCOCK COUNTY ........ 13AURORA, KANE COUNTY ........ 13AVA, JACKSON COUNTY . . . . . . . .17AVON, FULTON COUNTY . . . . . . . .17BARRINGTON STATION, COOK COUNTY ...... 17BARRY, PIKE COUNTY . . . . . . . .17BATAVIA, KANE COUNTY ........ 18BEARDSTOWN, CASS COUNTY ....... 18BEECHER, WILL COUNTY ........ 20BELLEVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTY ....... 20BELLFLOWER, MCLEAN COUNTY ....... 25ixxxvcvi

BELVIDERE, BOONE COUNTY .CONTENTS. . . . . .-25BEMENT, PIATT COUNTY . 26BENSON, WOODFORD COUNTY 26BENTON, FRANKLIN COUNTY ........ 26BIGGSVILLE, HENDERSON COUNTY ..... -27BLANDINSVILLE, McDoNoucn COUNTY ...... 27BLOOMINGTON, MCLEAN COUNTY ....... 27BLUE ISLAND, COOK COUNTY. . . . . . .-32BLUFFS, SCOTT COUNTY .32BRADFORD, STARK COUNTY .. . . . . .-32BRAIDWOOD, WILL COUNTY . . . . . . .-32BRIGHTON, MACOUPIN COUNTY ....... 33BRIMFIELD, PEORIA COUNTY . . . . . . .-33BRISTOL, KENDALL COUNTY ........ 33BUCKINGHAM, KANKAKEE COUNTY ....... 33BUCKLEY, IROQUOIS COUNTY ........ 34BUDA, BUREAU COUNTY 34BUNKER HILL, MACOUPIN COUNTY. ...... 34BUSHNELL, McDONOUGH COUNTY ....... 34BYRON, OGLE COUNTY . .35CAIRO, ALEXANDER COUNTY ........ 35CALEDONIA, PULASKI COUNTY 38CAMBRIDGE, HENRY COUNTY ........ 38CAMP POINT, ADAMS COUNTY ....... 38CANTON, FULTON COUNTY ........ 39CAPRON, BOONE COUNTY 40CARBONDALE, JACKSON COUNTY ....... 40CARLINVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTY .. . . . .-41CARLYLE, CLINTON COUNTY ........ 42CARMI, WHITE COUNTY ........ 44CARROLLTON, GREENE COUNTY ....... 44CARTHAGE, HANCOCK COUNTY ....... 45CASEY, CLARK COUNTY .... ... 46CENTRAL CITY, MARION COUNTY 46CENTRALIA, MARION COUNTY. . . . . . ..46CHAMPAIGN, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY .. . . . .-47CHANDLERVILLE, CASS COUNTY 49CHARLESTON, COLES COUNTY ....... 49CHATSWORTH, LIVINGSTON COUNTY ...... 50CHEBANSE, IROQUOIS AND KANKAKEE COUNTIES .... 50CHENOA, MCLEAN COUNTY ..... . .50CHERRY VALLEY, WENNEBAGO COUNTY . . . . .-51150CHESTER, RANDOLPH COUNTY . . . . . .-51CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY ... .... 52CHILLICOTHE, PEORIA COUNTY . .....

........CONTENTSxiCHRISMAN, EDGAR COUNTY . . . . .150CLAY CITY, CLAY COUNTY ... . . 150CLAYTON, ADAMS COUNTY .150CLEMENT, CLINTON COUNTY . . .-151CLIFTON, IROQUOIS COUNTY. . .151CLINTON, DE WITT COUNTv . . .-151COBDEN, UNION COUNTY ........ 153COLCHESTER, McDoNoucn COUNTY ... . .153COLLINSVILLE, MADISON COUNTY . . . . .-153COMMERCE, HANCOCK COUNTY . . . .153COMPTON, LEE COUNTY ........ 153CORNELLVILLE, LIVINGSTON COUNTY 153COULTERVILLE, RANDOLPH COUNTY .... .153COWDEN, SHELBY COUNTY ... 154CRESTON, OGLE COUNTY .154CRETE, WILL COUNTY ......... 154DAKOTA, STEPHENSON COUNTY ... . .154DALLAS CITY, HANCOCK COUNTY . .154DANA, LA SALLE COUNTY ...... 154DANVERS, MCLEAN COUNTY . . .155DANVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTY ..... 155DAVIS, STEPHENSON COUNTY . . .-156DAVIS JUNCTION, OGLE COUNTY . . . .156. . .DECATUR, MACON COUNTY ........ 156DE KALB, DE KALB COUNTY .. ....160DELAVAN, TAZEWELL COUNTY ....... 160DE SOTO, JACKSON COUNTY ........ 161DBS PLAINES, COOK COUNTY ... .... 161DIXON, LEE COUNTY ......... 161DOLTON, COOK COUNTY. . 162Du QUOIN, PERRY COUNTY .... . .163DURAND, WlNNEBAGO COUNTY ... . .164D WIGHT, LIVINGSTON COUNTY . . 164EARLVILLE, LA SALLE COUNTY . .164EAST ST. Louis, ST. CLAIR COUNTY .... .165EDWARDS VILLE, MADISON COUNTY .... 1 66EFFINGHAM, EFFINGHAM COUNTY . . .169ELDORADO, SALINE COUNTY ... . . .170ELGIN, KANE COUNTY ... . . .170ELIZABETHTOWN, HARDIN COUNTY . . . . ..172ELMWOOD, PEORIA COUNTY . . . . . . ..172EL PASO, WOODFORD COUNTY . . . . . .-173DUNDEE, KANE COUNTY .163DUNLEITH, Jo DAVIESS COUNTY ... ... 163ENFIELD, WHITE COUNTY .... ... 173

...xuCONTENTSENGLEWOOD, COOK COUNTY . . . . . . .-173ERIE, WHITESIDE COUNTY . . . . . . .-173EUREKA, WOODFORD COUNTY . . . . . .-173EVANSTON, COOK COUNTY . . . . . . ..174EWING, FRANKLIN COUNTY . . . . . . ..174EWINGTON, EFFINGHAM COUNTY . . . . . .-175EXETER, SCOTT COUNTY ..... . .175FAIRBURY, LIVINGSTON COUNTY . . . . . .-175FAIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTY . . . . . . .-175FARINA, FAYETTE COUNTY ........ 177FARMER CITY, DE WITT COUNTY . . . . . .177FARMINGTON, FULTON COUNTY . . . . . .-179FLORA, CLAY COUNTY . . . . . . . .-179FORRESTON, OGLE COUNTY .. . . . . .-179FRANKLIN GROVE, LEE COUNTY ....... 180FREEPORT, STEPHENSON COUNTY ....... 180FULTON, WHITESIDE COUNTY . . . . . . .181GALENA, Jo DAVIESS COUNTY . . . . . . .182GALESBURG, KNOX COUNTY . . . . . . . .184GALVA, HENRY COUNTY . . . . . . . . 186GARDNER, GRUNDY COUNTY ....... 187GENESEO, HENRY COUNTY .. . . . . . . 188GENEVA, KANE COUNTY .... ... 188GENOA, DE KALB COUNTY .. . . . . . .189GIBSON CITY, FORD COUNTY ....... 189GILLESPIE, MACOUPIN COUNTY 189GILMAN, IROQUOIS COUNTY 189GIRARD, MACOUPIN COUNTY 190GOLCONDA, POPE COUNTY ........ 191.GRAFTON, JERSEY COUNTYGRAND DETOUR, OGLE COUNTY . . . . ..191GRAND TOWER, JACKSON COUNTY . . . . . ..191GRANT PARK, KANKAKEE COUNTY . . . . . .102. . . . . ..191HARRISBURG, SALINE COUNTY ..... 195HARVARD, MCHENRY COUNTY ..... 196

CONTENTSxiiiHAVANA, MASON COUNTY ........ 196HENNEPIN, PUTNAM COUNTY ........ 197HENRY, MARSHALL COUNTY ........ 198HIGHLAND, MADISON COUNTY ....... 199HILLSBORO, MONTGOMERY COUNTY ...... 199HINCKLEY, DE KALB COUNTY . . . . . . .201HOMER, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 201HOOPESTON, VERMILLION COUNTY 201HUEY, CLINTON COUNTY ........ 201HUTSONVILLE, CRAWFORD COUNTY2OIHYDE PARK, COOK COUNTY 202ILLINOISTOWN, ST. CLAIR COUNTY ....... 202ILLIOPOLIS, SANGAMON COUNTY ....... 202IPAVA, FULTON COUNTY ........ 202JACKSONVILLE, MORGAN COUNTY ....... 202JEFFERSONVILLE, WAYNE COUNTY ....... 206JERSEYVILLE, JERSEY COUNTY . . . . . . . 206JOLIET, WILL COUNTY .. . . . . . . .207JONESBORO, UNION COUNTY ........ 208JUBILEE COLLEGE, ROBIN'S NEST, PEORIA COUNTY. . . .209KANE, GREENE COUNTY ........ 209KANKAKEE, KANKAKEE COUNTY ....... 210KANSAS, EDGAR COUNTY . . . . . . . .211KASKASKIA, RANDOLPH COUNTY . . . . . . .211KEITHSBURG, MERCER COUNTY 213KENNEY, DE WITT COUNTY 214KEWANEE, HENRY COUNTY ........ 214KINMUNDY, MARION COUNTY . . . . . ..215KIRKWOOD, WARREN COUNTY ....... 215KNOXVILLE, KNOX COUNTY .. . . . . . .216KYTE RIVER, OGLE COUNTY ........ 216LACON, MARSHALL COUNTY ........ 216LA HARPE, HANCOCK COUNTY . . . . . ..217LAKE ZURICH, LAKE COUNTY . . . . . .LAMOILLE, BUREAU COUNTY . . . . . . ..217.218LANARK, CARROLL COUNTY ........ 218LANE (NOW ROCHELLE), OGLE COUNTY 218LA ROSE, MARSHALL COUNTY . . . . . . .218LA SALLE, LA SALLE COUNTY . . . . . ..219LAWNRIDGE, MARSHALL COUNTY ....... 219LAWRENCE VILLE, LAWRENCE COUNTY .LEBANON, ST. CLAIR COUNTY . . . . ..... . . . .220220LEE, LEE COUNTY ......... 221LEMONT, COOK COUNTY . . . . . . . .221LENA, STEPHENSON COUNTY . . . . . . .221

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CONTENTSMILFORD, IROQUOIS COUNTY .MILLINGTON, KENDALL COUNTY ..... .xv243243MILTON, PIKE COUNTY ......... 243MINIER, TAZEWELL COUNTY ........ 243MlNONK, WOODFORD COUNTY ....... 243MOKENA, WILL COUNTY ........ 244MOLINE, ROCK ISLAND COUNTY .. . . . . .244MOMENCE, KANKAKEE COUNTY ....... 245MONEE, WILL COUNTY ......... 245MONMOUTH, WARREN COUNTY ....... 246MONROE, OGLE COUNTY ........ 246MONTICELLO, PlATT COUNTY ........ 246MORRIS, GRUNDY COUNTY ........ 247MORRISON, WHITESIDE COUNTY 248MORRISONVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTY 248MOUND CITY, PULASKI COUNTY 249MT. CARMEL, WABASH COUNTY ....... 250MT. CARROLL, CARROLL COUNTY . . . . . .MT. FOREST, COOK COUNTY . . . . . . .MT. MORRIS, OGLE COUNTY ..... .-251-252.252MT. PULASKI, LOGAN COUNTY 253MT. STERLING, BROWN COUNTY 253MT. VERNON, JEFFERSON COUNTY 254MOWEAQUA, SHELBY COUNTY ....... 256MURPHYSBORO, JACKSON COUNTY . . . . . .-256NAPERVILLE, Du PAGE COUNTY . . . . . .-257NAPLES, SCOTT COUNTY $58NASHVILLE, WASHINGTON COUNTY . . . . . .258NAUVOO, HANCOCK COUNTY ........ 260NEOGA, CUMBERLAND COUNTY . . . . . . .261NEPONSET, BUREAU COUNTY ... .... 261NEWARK, KENDALL COUNTY . . . . . . . .262NEW ATHENS, ST. CLAIR COUNTY ....... 262NEW BERLIN, SANGAMON COUNTY .. . . . . .262NEW BOSTON, MERCER COUNTY ....... 262NEW BURNSIDE, JOHNSON COUNTY ...... 262NEWMAN, DOUGLAS COUNTY ........ 262NEW RUTLAND, LA SALLE COUNTY . ....262NEWTON, JASPER COUNTY ........ 263NEW WINDSOR, MERCER COUNTY ....... 263NIANTIC, MACON COUNTY ........ 263NILWOOD, MACOUPIN COUNTY ....... 263NOKOMIS, MONTGOMERY COUNTY ....... 263NORMAL, MCLEAN COUNTY ........ 264NORRIS CITY, JOHNSON COUNTY ....... 264

xviiiCONTENTSSPARLAND, MARSHALL COUNTY ....... 319SPARTA, RANDOLPH COUNTY . . . . . . .-319SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY ....... 321STANFORD, MCLEAN COUNTY 327STAUNTON, MACOUPIN COUNTY . . . . . .-327STEELEVILLE, RANDOLPH COUNTY 327STERLING, WHITESIDE COUNTY ....... 227STEWARTSON, SHELBY COUNTY ....... 329STONE FORT, SALINE COUNTY 329STREATOR, LA SALLE COUNTY . . . . . .-339SULLIVAN, MOULTRIE COUNTY 330SUMNER, LAWRENCE COUNTY . . . . . .-331SYCAMORE, DE KALB COUNTY . . . . . .-331TALLULA, MENARD COUNTY ........ 332TAMAROA, PERRY COUNTY -332TAMPICO, WHITESIDE COUNTY . . . . . .333TAYLORVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTY ....... 333THOMPSON, CARROLL COUNTY ....... 334TISKILWA, BUREAU COUNTY 335TOLEDO, CUMBERLAND COUNTY ....... 335TOLONO, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY .... .335TONICA, LA SALLE COUNTY 335TOULON, STARK COUNTY .... . .335TREMONT, TAZEWELL COUNTY ... . .336TRENTON, CLINTON COUNTY 337TROY, MADISON COUNTY ........ 337TURNER JUNCTION, Du PAGE COUNTY ..... 337TUSCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTY 337UPPER ALTON, MADISON COUNTY ....... 358URBANA, CHAMPAIGN ....... 338UTICA, LA SALLE . . . . . . . .339VA/TDALIA, FAYETTE COUNTY........ 340VARNA, MARSHALL COUNTY 344VERMONT, FULTON COUNTY .344VERSAILLES, BROWN COUNTY ....... 344VIENNA, JOHNSON COUNTY 344VIRDEN, MACOUPIN COUNTY ...... 345VIRGINIA, CASS COUNTY 345WALNUT, BUREAU COUNTY 348WARREN, Jo DAVIESS COUNTY 348WARSAW, HANCOCK COUNTY 348WASHBURN, WOODFORD COUNTY 349WASHINGTON, TAZEWELL COUNTY 349WATERLOO, MONROE COUNTY 350WATERMAN, DE KALB COUNTY 351

CONTENTSxixWATSEKA, IROQUOIS COUNTY 351WAUKEGAN, LAKE COUNTY . . . . . . .-352WAVERLY, MORGAN COUNTY 353WAYNE, Du PAGE COUNTY ........ 354WENONA, MARSHALL COUNTY 354WEST CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY ....... 354WESTFIELD, CLARK COUNTY .. . . . . .-354W2STON, MCLEAN COUNTY ........ 355WHEATON, Du PAGE COUNTY ....... 355WHITE HALL, GREENE COUNTY -355WILMINGTON, WILL COUNTY ........ 356WINCHESTER, SCOTT COUNTY . . . ... -357WINDSOR, SHELBY COUNTY ........ 358WOODFORD, WOODFORD COUNTY ....... 358WOODHULL, HENRY COUNTY ........ 358WOODSTOCK, McHENRY COUNTY ....... 359WYOMING, STARK COUNTY ........ 360YATES CITY, KNOX COUNTY ........ 360YORKVILLE, KENDALL COUNTY . . . . . ..361YOUNG AMERICA, WARREN COUNTY 361366377NEWBERRY LIBRARY . . . . . . . . .378CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY . . . . . .-381STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY ....... 386LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ........ 398WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY 402MERCANTILE LIBRARY ........ 404BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY . . . . . . . .404AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY 405LENOX LIBRARY ......... 407LIST OF ILLINOIS NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS . .363IN ILLINOIS LIBRARIES 365CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOHN CRERAR LIBRARY ........UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY ....... 392IN LIBRARIES OUTSIDE OF ILLINOISNEW YORK STATE LIBRARY ..... .408.416.417CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE ... .CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 1814-1850 ...INDEXESINDEX TO NEWSPAPERS . . .-429INDEX TO NAMES .INDEX TO COUNTIES .......... . . . . . . .533605

LISTOF ILLUSTRATIONSFIRST NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN ILLINOISFIRST NUMBER OF ALTON "OBSERVER"FIRST NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN CHICAGO"ILLINOIS ADVOCATE"Frontispiecefacing page 5facing page 52facing page 341

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTIONPRELIMINARYThis introduction is the result of an effort to sketch ahistorical background for the disconnected bibliographicalmaterial which forms the body of this work. It is not intendedas a history of the newspapers and periodicals ofIllinois; but, as one of our county historians has said, thenewspaper business with us has been a " halcyon and vociferousproceeding," and some outline such as this may beneeded to find the halcyonhistory of our newspapers and periodicals.if not the vociferous in the lifeEspeciallyis itpurposed to deal with the beginnings in Illinois journalism,and to a less extent to suggest the relation of the newspaperto the manifold successive elements that have entered in themaking of the state population, transportation, communication,politics, education, and other materials and methodsof economic and social development; and to record someimportant tendencies and certain isolated facts not nowconveniently accessible elsewhere.The conditions under which the first Illinois newspaperwas established, in 1814, included many disadvantages,which made any other than a meager and tenuous subsistencefor it impossible. The population was small and widelydistributed ;the means of communication were merely rudimentaryand frequently inoperative; and both money andlabor were exceedingly scarce. That a newspaper wasstarted as early as 1814 was due not so much to business asto political reasons:there was United States and territorialXXV

xxviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSprinting to be done; and the politicians of the territory,including a large proportion of the male population, wereyearning toward statehood.The population of the territory of Illinois had increasedslowly until 1813, but with the cessation of Indian raids afterthe close of the war of 1812, and the passage of the preemptionact of 1813, a new epoch in immigration began. 1A land office was opened in Kaskaskia in 1814, and the influxof permanentsettlers was much increased. The total populationat that time may have been well toward twenty thousand,but it was thinly distributed. The village and vicinityof Kaskaskia, which in 1815 contained between seven hundredand one thousand persons, was least sparsely settled. 2Gallatin, with Shawneetown as its chief village, was the mostpopulous county on the east side of the territory. As late8as 1818 it contained but thirty-two hundred persons.Shawneetown, where the second paperin the state wasestablished, numbered between thirty and forty families. 4A fact that doubtless tended to hinder the beginning ofnewspapers in Illinois was the presence,on two sides of thepopulated area, of larger centers of population than any inIllinois: Vincennes on the east, and St. Louis on the west.In the first a newspaper had been established a full decadebefore the Illinois Herald was issued so well establishedthat it is stillpublished ; in the second the Missouri Gazettebegan, in 1808, a career which it has continued, under variousnames, to the present. Other papers helped to supply theneeds of the Illinois settlers. In 1816 the citizens of Shaw-1Pooley, Settlement of Illinois, 1830-1850, p. 318.1Edwards, History of Illinois, 254.8Dana, Sketches of the Western Country, 153.4But John Woods, in Two Years 1 Residence in the . . . Illinois Country,says that in 1819 Shawneetown was "a brisk place" and included about eightyhouses.

INTRODUCTIONxxviineetown gave notice through the papers of Kaskaskia,Frankfort (Kentucky), and Nashville (Tennessee), that theywould apply to the legislature of Illinois for the establishmentof a bank at that place.5These papers, supported by thepopulation of towns larger than any in the new territory,doubtless delayed both the beginning and the spread ofin Illinois.newspapersMeans of communication were meager, primitive,did not function with either despatch or regularity.andTheearliest settlements were naturally on the waterwaysthe Wabash, Ohio, Mississippi, and Kaskaskia rivers. Noroads or mail routes were opened until 1805. The first mailroute was established in that year from Vincennes to Cahokia;6 the second from Vincennes to Shawneetown in 1806.In 1810 routes were established to St. Louis by way of Kaskaskia,Prairie du Rocher, and Cahokia; from Kaskaskiato Cape Girardeau, by way of St. Genevieve; from Louisvilleto Shawneetown; and in 1814 to Johnson Court House(now Vienna). Over these routes mail was carried regularlyonce or twice a week, except in bad weather, or when the7roads were impassable. But it will appear later that evenwhen the mail was regularly carried, the whole postal systemwas so bad that regularity and promptness in the arrival ofexpected mail were never assured.The transportation of freight suffered even more seriousvicissitudes than the distribution of the mail, and the prospectivepublisher of the firstnewspaper well have felthimself at some disadvantage in being as remote from thesource of his supply of paper and equipment as was Kaskas-may1Burnham, An Early Illinois Newspaper, Pubs. III. State Hist. Soc., No. 8,p. 182.8Boggess, Settlement of Illinois, 1775-1830, p. 131.1 Ibid.

xxviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSkia from Cincinnati or Frankfort. All goods had to becarried down the Ohio on flatboats, and then poled up theMississippi, or hauled overland by wagon. The rivers werefrequently too high or too low for ease of navigation, and theroads frequently offered insuperable difficulties.Such were some of the conditions in Illinois in 1814, whenthe firstnewspaper was established. Other circumstancesand the changes that came with the growth of population wiUappear in the account of the paperslater.The firstTHE FIRST DECADEof the firstdecade andperiod in the history of newspapers in Illinois,which begins with the founding of the Illinois Herald in 1814,closes naturally and conveniently with the momentous conventionelection held in August, 1824. In the first periodof ten years five separate papers were established, and allcontinued until the election.1. Illinois Herald, established at Kaskaskia in 1814; renamedWestern Intelligencer in 1816; renamed IllinoisIntelligencer in 1818; followed the state capital toVandalia in 1820.2. Illinois Emigrant, established in Shawneetown in 1818;renamed Illinois Gazette in 1819.3.Edwardsville Spectator, established at Edwardsville in1819.4. Star of the West, established at Edwardsville in 1822;renamed Illinois Republican in 1823; discontinuedat the time of the election in 1824.5. Republican Advocate, established at Kaskaskia early in1823; renamed Kaskaskia Republican in 1824; continueduntil 1825; revived early in 1826 as IllinoisReporter, and continued for about a year.

INTRODUCTIONxxixIt appears from this list that Illinois had but one territorialnewspaper, which bore at successive times three variousnames. With the coming of statehood in 1818, a rival party,and therefore a rival newspaper, was inevitable. As earlyas the twenty-ninth number of this second paper, datedJanuary 9, 1819, the Emigrant indicated that two newspapers,although they were as far apart as the limits fixed by natureand population would permit, could not exist pacifically inIllinois.The coming of the Illinois Emigrant indicated no shiftingof the population; more significant was the advent of theEdwardsville Spectator in 1819. By this year the populationof Madison County had increased to a number betweenfour thousand and fifty-five hundred; Edwardsville, thecounty town, contained sixty or seventy houses, a courthouse,a jail,a bank, and a land-office. Alton, but a few milesaway,had one hundred houses.8Thenew capital on theupper Kaskaskia was already projected by land speculators.In the next year the seat of government was moved, and withit the Illinois Intelligencer, to Vandalia. The other papersof the period were significant only as parties to the conventionstruggle.Throughout this period from 1814 to 1824 the countrywas developed rapidly to the northward. The populationhad grown by 1820 to 55,211. In 1814 there were ninepost-offices in the territory,and three hundred and eighty-From that time both post-officeseight miles of post-roads. 108Pooley, Settlement of Illinois, 1830-1850, pp. 319-320.9U. S. Census Report, 1820.10Boggess, Settlement of Illinois, 1775-1830, p. 131, State Papers, i^th Cong.,3

xxxILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSand post- roads increased greatly." By 1819a road wasopened from Shawneetown, by way of Carmi to Albion, inEdwards County. In February, 1821, the legislature authorizedthe building of a turnpike road from the Mississippiopposite St. Louis, across the American Bottom to the bluffs.Edwardsville, Springfield, and Peoria were connected by amail route in 1822 ;in the same year a road and a mail routewere established between Vandalia and Springfield, overwhich the State Capital was soon to continue its migrationto the northward. 12 In the same year also, a direct pathwas established from Iroquois Post (now Iroquois) to Danville.In 1824 this path was extended northward to Chicago,13and southwest from Danville for one hundred and fifty miles,but no mail was carried over any part of this route untilwas the northern terminus ofeight years later. Springfieldthe mail route early in1823, and the next year SangamonCounty was still almost entirely without ferries, bridges, orroads. Over most of these routes mail was carried once aweek.River transportation had developed rapidly through theintroduction of the steamboat. The Orleans had gone downthe Ohio from Pittsburg in 1811, the Washington in 1817.In 1817 the first steamboat to touch a port on the upperMississippi reached St. Louis Galena saw its first steamboat;in 1822. This was the field, and these were the means ofcommunication in which and by which the newspapers of11In 1821 there were fifty-seven post-offices, but in 1823 and 1825 only fiftythree. Until after the first decade, Shawneetown did more postal business thanany other town in Illinois, and in 1817 it was the only post-office in the state inwhich a clerk was employed. In 1821 it did twice as much as Edwardsville, and1four times as much as Kaskaskia. See U. S. Official Registers or "Blue Books,' for 1817-1825.12 Tillson, Reminiscences of Early Life in Illinois, 5 4.13Boggess, Settlement of Illinois, 1775-1830, p. 158.

INTRODUCTIONxxxithe first decade served and were served.But the delays inthe mail service and in the delivery of freight were so frequentand so prolonged as to be to-day almost incredible. TheIllinois Emigrant issued no number between June 23 andAugust 24, 1819, because paper shipped down the Ohio onJune 1 3th was delayed by low water and did not arriveuntil more than two months later. If this delay was sufferedby a paper nearest the source of supply and directlyon theOhio, more extended gaps might well be expectedin the other earlyfiles. On June 21, 1823, the IllinoisGazette received through the post a New York Spectator ofNovember 22, 1822, a Richmond Enquirer of December 7,1822, and a Frankfort Commentator of January 2, 1823."Such is the wretched state of the mails west of the mountains,and complaints and remonstrances seem unavailingto improve it," remarked the editor. On this mail servicethe early western papers depended for their news of the outsideworld. Hall, in the Illinois Gazette, picturesthe situationin 1821 thus:" After a lapse of several weeks (three months, to beexact) we are now enabled to resume the publication of oursheet. Paper (the want of which has been the cause of thelate interruption) was shipped for us early last fall, on boardof a boat bound for St. Louis to which place, owing probablyto the forgetfulness of the master,it was carried andhas but just now come to hand. Our situation is such, andour means so inadequate to guard againstthese occasionalinterruptions, by laying in large supplies of paper, ink, etc.,at a time that we are more or less affected by every changein the elements, or defalcation in individual promises. Highand low water it seems are equally our enemies the one issure to delay the arrival of some article necessary to the

xxxiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSprosecution of our labors, while the other hurries somethingof which we stand in the most pressing need, down the currentbeyond our reach. And high winds, and warm andcold weather, equally delight to make us their sport. Butwe assure our subscribers that however much they may regretmore thanmissing a paper for a week, they cannot regret itwe; for, after all, we are the only losers." More than fiveyears had been required to complete four volumes.This uncertainty, especially in the freight service, lasteduntil long afterward. "You are doubtless waiting withsome degree of impatience," wrote Hooper Warren to NinianEdwards from Galena, July 6, 1829, "for the appearanceof the Galena Advertiser. After waiting more than threeweeks after my arrival, the materials from Springfieldarrived from St. Louis. How they got there I have neverlearned. . . . When we were elated with the certainty ofgetting out the paper immediately, we were astonished to findthat the keg of ink had been left behind! I putit into thewagon myself at Springfield with the other materials sent toBeardstown on the Illinois. Dr. Philleo started down theriver immediately, which was three weeks ago last Saturday,to look for it. We heard from him by letter at the LowerRapids on the 2oth ult, at which time he had not found it,and was about to start down to St. Louis. We expect himby the next boat or stage." 14In the next year, publicationof the Illinois Monthly Magazine at Vandalia, the statecapital, was considerably delayed by the failure of paper toarrive, and editor Hall gave this difficulty in the matter oftransportation as one reason for removing the publication toCincinnati. "We feel no inconsiderable regret," wrote theeditor of the Illinois State Gazette and Jacksonville News on14Washburne, Edwards Papers, 408-409.

INTRODUCTIONxxxiiiJanuary 17, 1835, "at being compelledto an occasionalsuspension of our publication (owing to a want of paper);but the regret is lessened somewhat by the fact that everyThe News had then sufferedpaper in the state, with perhaps a single exception, has sufferedlike disappointments."a suspension of three weeks.The general character of the newspapers of the periodwas political, the tone frequently controversial, but highlymoral and often religious. As newspapers they would to-daybe regarded, even from the point of view of the countryweekly, as sad efforts. Of political news, either state ornational, there was no lack, and the editors sometimesshowed considerable enterprise in securing it; but of localnews in the present sense there was verylittle.Occasionallysome space was given to an account of an unusual murderin the vicinity, or an extraordinary rise or fall of the river;but usually the remoteness of the event seemed to increaseitsimportance,and one finds more often an account of thehop yield in Silesia than of the wheat crop in Illinois. Itwas easier to reset items from the eastern papers, when theyarrived, than to gather facts and 15compose original matter.This was especially true in the frequent periods when thepolitician who ran the paper was absent, and the work wasleftto the itinerant and bibulous printer.The editorial occupied a variable, but on the whole, animportant place.These first five papers had pretty definitepurposes, forwarded or achieved largely by the direct appealof the editorial, which, not infrequently in "parlous times"18Shawneetown was for many years the chief gateway for emigrants to SouthernIllinois, and a "port of call" for all the settlers bound for Missouri via the OhioRiver. Equipped with the present newspaper reporter's zeal for news, the editorof the Gazette could have made his paper a highly important record of the flowingtide of emigration to the land of promise. But the record was not written. Politicalmaneuvers and quarrels were more important than the incoming population.

xxxivILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSof political conflict, filled one of the four small pages, andin a few instances overran even that ample room.Positiveor controversial opinion was often expressed over an obviousbut sufficient nom de plume, though quite as often the nameof the editor was in itself a sufficient disguise for the individualor the interest behind the paper. Thus we find SidneyBreese writing to Governor Edwards: "If I continue engagedin politics, I am determined to make Gov. Reynoldschoose between Smith and myself, in other words betweenthe Crisis and the Democrat. Do give your views .. .editorially, thro' 16me, in the Democrat." Yet R. K. Flemingwas nominally editor, the paper was referred to by Warrenin the Galena Advertiser as "Fleming's paper," and notuntil almost a year later did suspicion appear in print thatBreese was the actual editor.Gazette for July 29, 1820,John McLean, in the Illinoiscalled Ninian Edwards the "actualeditor of the Edwardsville Spectator," nominally, and in fact,edited by Hooper Warren;and we find abundant evidencein Warren's letters to Edwards 17that in editing his papersSangamo Spectator and Galena Advertiser, Warren was continuallyunder the influence of Edwards. Yet Warren wasone of the strongest and most independent of the earlyeditors, of quite a different sort from Fleming, and the yokeof obligation was burdensome to him. 18While in such cases the nominal editor was the spokesmanfor some one else, there were other cases in whicheditorial utterances were disguised by means of an assumedname.Signed contributions occupied a large and importantplace in the early papers, as they have done, and still do, inl6Edwards Papers, 543, letter to Gov. Edwards, dated September 21, 1830.17In Washburne, Edwards Papers.18See Edwards Papers, 409, 410, 421, etc.

INTRODUCTIONxxxvEnglish newspapers. These articles were either remarks ofthe editor, or bona fide contributions of outsiders. As oneof the earliest occurrences of the first kind maybe cited aseries of letters in the Illinois Gazette, signed "Brutus,"attacking Daniel P. Cook. 19 They were undoubtedlywritten by James Hall, who was at that time editor; but,though Hall acknowledged editorial responsibility for theletters, he never acknowledged his authorship of them. Ofthe second kind there are to be found no more interestingillustrations than are furnished by the many communicationsof Morris Birkbeck, sometimes signed with his own name,sometimes with "Jonathan Freeman." They were concernedespecially with slavery or with agriculture, and wereas interesting and brisk in style as they were numerous andlong.The political influence and significance of acknowledgededitorials was of serious moment, and matters of importancewere not hastily disposed of with an irresponsible squib. Bigguns were brought to bear, no matter how belated the broadside.Political leaders were consulted and heeded, evenwhen they were not themselves induced to write. An editorand politician no less important than Daniel P. Cook wroteto Ninian Edwards: "I shall want to make some commentson the importance of the subject,and altho' I shall do it asmy own entirely, I shall wish very much to have yourassistancein that business. Indeed itappears to be a subject ofsuch acknowledged importance that a man who is able todevelop its niceties may well expect to acquire some famefor so doing and I therefore wish;your assistance in makingany remarks, lest I should discover a want of tolerable19The first was printed June 22, 1822. Cook replied in the Illinois Intelligencer;in answer to this reply Hall assumed responsibility for the articles in an editorialprinted July 27.

xxxviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSknowledge of the subject, which would rather make me20appear ridiculous than otherwise."Much of the space afforded by the lack of news was filledwith "literature." "Want of room alone," explains one ofthe earliest editors,21"has prevented us from fulfillinganintention which we had early formed, of devoting a portionof our columns to literature. Our own resources at thisinsulated spot, where we can calculate on but little assistanceand where we seldom receive new books, must of course besmall;but the columns of many of the Eastern papers aretastefully variegated with those lighter productions whichdelight the fancy, and on them we may sometimes draw, forthe amusement of our readers. But among our friends andneighbors there are, no doubt, many who might contributesomething towards the amusement and instruction of others.'And indeed, to the many cultural excerpts from the tastefullyvariegated columns were added stories, poems, andessays by friends and neighbors. John Russell, MorrisBirkbeck, and James Hall wrote often for those earliestpapers, and made of them sources not to be overlooked bythose who would know the early agriculture, horticulture,society, education, and politics, as well as literature of Illinois.Out of the somewhat haphazard occasional use of this kindof material in the first papers there grew a well establishedcustom of devoting certain columns to such matter, a customthat has persisted even to the present in some localities.These earlier productions, however crude, had individuality,vigor, and genuineness not to be found in the sapless tabloidmaterial now supplied in plates at a dollar and a quarter apage.20Washburne, Edwards Papers, 125.21James Hall in Illinois Gazette, July 29, 1820.

INTRODUCTIONxxxviiThe business of publishing a newspaper in the early dayswas poor enough at best, and the publisher had a hard struggleto make a living. The initial cost of a plant was small,and the expense of maintenance was low, but the sources ofincome were correspondingly meager.Had there been nopublic printing and no politicians who felt the need of"organs," probably no early paper could have lived a year,for the subscribers were few and the advertisements yieldedlittle income.The first cost of establishing a plant seems to have variedfrom four hundred to a thousand dollars, according to theamount of type the publisher felt necessary. The cost ofmaintenance was small.all the work;paper.In many instances one man didseldom were more than two employed on oneUsually, it seems, a lawyer or other ambitious personwishing to start a paper found a printer, furnished the plant,editorials, and some of the news, and left the printer to solicitadvertising, gather "items," make selections of news and"elegant miscellany" from the exchanges, set type, and"run off" and deliver the paper.Public printing was a boon to the three earliest papers,and no doubt did much to prolong their careers beyond theaverage length. This was especially true of the first andthe most successful, which was established at an opportunetime. There was a great and growing territory rapidlybeing settled by ambitious pioneers ;there was an increasingbody of laws, with no newspaper in which to print them;there was the United States printing patronage to be secured,as well as the official job-work. A law in force May 21, 1 8 10,declared that "whereas, it is . . .provided that advertisementsshould be inserted in some public newspaper publishedin the territory. . .;and whereas, there is at this

xxxviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONStime no newspaper printed in this territory:"22such advertisementsshould be inserted in "some of the newspaperspublished in the Louisiana Territory." The act was toremain in force "until a newspaper is established and publishedin this territory and no longer."23The privilege of printing the United States laws was ofrelatively great value and was eagerly sought. An act toauthorize the publication of the laws in two newspapers ineach territory was passed but three or four months after the24in Illinois was established. In 1818 the numberfirstpaperof papers to be favored was increased to three, and thematter to be published was made toinclude not only thelaws, but resolutions, public treaties, and amendments tothe constitution. 25By this act the compensation was fixedat the rate of one dollar for each printed page of the pamphletin which the copy was furnished, a page not far fromthe size of standard law books to-day.The minimum number of subscribers on which a papercould be run seems to have been fixed by Hooper Warrenwhen he wrote to Ninian Edwards in 1828 that the SangamoSpectator had but 170 subscribers, of which probably a thirdwould withdraw when the year was up, and that nothing22This conclusively corrects Reynolds' statement that the Illinois Herald wasestablished in 1809, an error handed down to the present time. (See Boggess,Settlement of Illinois, 17751830, p. 132, for the latest instance.)23Alvord, Laws of the Territory of Illinois, 1809-1811; Bulletin III. State Hist.Library, i, No. 2.**Approved November 21, 1814.25Act approved April 20, 1818. The number of papers to be used in each stateand territory was changed to two in 1846; the practice was discontinued in March,1875. The amount of income derived from this source varied. The first OfficialRegister to give the names of the printers of the laws and the amounts that theywere paid (that of 1833) gives $177.00 for the first session and $91.00 for the second.These amounts were much smaller than those paid previously. An incidentalbenefit accrued from official favor. There was much printing to be done for theDepartment of State and of War and the Post Office Department, and the newspaperpublishers often received from such sources two or three times the amountpaid for publishing the laws.

INTRODUCTIONxxxixcould sustain the paper but new type and its enlargement. 28Four hundred subscribers were considered a satisfactorynumber, although one finds vain boasting here and therethat with proper help from all friends this or that papercould increase its list to a thousand.Advertisements were few, seldom filling one-fourth ofthe paper, and the rates were low. Of these early advertisements,those of taverns, whiskey, town-sites, and runawaynegroes are found most frequently. The last named isfound in surprising numbers, not only in the first decade, buton down to the Civil War, many bearing the little woodcutof a negro with his bundle which so impressed Miss Martineau,and nearly all offering a reward of one cent for thefugitive's return. Prospectuses of new papers, and advertisementsof eastern, especially Washington, papers werenumerous. These, together with notices of Philadelphia,New York, and Boston magazines grew in frequency untilthe middle of the century, when the use of the telegraphbegan to shift the whole newspaper situation.Subscribers and advertisers would have been of morevalue to the struggling publishersifthey had paid, but veryoften they didn't pay. In the case of nearly all early papersthe subscription priceifpaid in advance was a dollar lowerthan ifpaid at the end of the year, but from the frequentone surmises that the sub-appeals for money on account,scribers found a way to save more than the one dollar.Theywere appealed to in prose and in verse,they were cajoled,praised, lectured, and denounced. Money was wretchedlyscarce, but almost any commodity was acceptable. A fulllistof what the printers offered to receive would be an in-28Edwards Papers, 330. After the Spectator had been sold to Meredith, Warrenwrote " : Had not this contract been made it isprobable the paper would havedied a natural death." P. 364.

xlILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSventory of the daily needs of the pioneer. The publishersof the Illinois Gazette announced that they would receivein payment of subscriptions, clean linen and cotton rags;in payment for subscriptions and advertisements, bacon,tallow, beeswax, and feathers. Later, hides, deerskins,and pork were also acceptable. Had there been no laws tobe printed and no politicians to have organs, however, evenprompt payment of subscription and advertising accountswould hardly have kept the papers alive, or have broughtabout the somewhat surprising fact that in the first decadeno Illinois paper died through lack of support.The climax of this first period was reached in the conventioncampaign which began in February, 1823, and endedon the firstMonday in August, 1824. The newspapers hada more important place in that contest than in any otherimportant political event in Illinois.They controlled by leaders in the fray, and in the columns of thefew that are left one can follow the shifts of ownership andeditorship, the shading off or brightening upwere owned orof this or thataspect of the main question or of contributory questions,can catch the tense earnestness of spirit with which the opponentsstruggled, and get much of the violence of invectiveand abuse which one finds nowadays nowhere except in amunicipal campaign.From the beginning until well on in 1822 the papers weredivided mainly on local issues and on men. The slaveryquestion was already looming, but not large, though therehad been more or less discontent ever since the passage ofthe Missouri Compromise, and the parties to the comingstruggle were becoming defined. "The anti-conventionparty," says Governor27Ford,. . "established news-.27History o} Illinois, 53-54.

INTRODUCTIONxlipapers to oppose the convention; one at Shawneetown,edited by Henry Eddy; one at Edwardsville, edited byHooper Warren, with Gov. Coles, Thomas Lippincott,George Churchill, and Judge Lockwood, for its principaland finally,one at Vandalia, edited by Davidcontributors;Blackwell, the Secretary of State. The slave party hadestablished a newspaper at Kaskaskia, under the directionof Mr. Kane and Chief Justice Reynolds; and one at Edwardsvilleedited by Judge Smith; and both parties preparedto appeal to the interests, the passions, and the intelligenceof the people. The contest was mixed up with muchpersonal abuse; and now was poured forth a perfect lavaof detraction, which, if it were not for the knowledge of thepeople that such matters are generally false or greatly exaggerated,would have overwhelmed and consumed all men'swhole people, for the space ofreputations . . . Theeighteen months, did scarcely anything but read newspapers,handbills and pamphlets, quarrel, argue, and wrangle witheach other." It is a source of wonder that long after theseevents had passed Governor Ford could record that but oneduel had been fought in Illinois. 28The Edwardsville Spectator was the firstpaperin thestate to come out against slavery in Illinois, and to opposeall measures and men that seemed to favor a changein the direction of slavery. The paper was probably controlledby Ninian Edwards; it was the mouthpiece of acoterie of strong men, and under Hooper Warren's editorshipitpursued a steady and consistent policy that made it themost influential paper in the state. Until early in 1824 itwas alone in its opposition to any encroachments of slaveryinterests. Other papers were less stable, shifted policies, and28History of Illinois, 54.

xliiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSuntil late in the campaign did not assume the positionswhich they were in at the close. 29The Illinois Gazette favored the convention, but was sonear the fence, and gave space to such free discussion of bothsides, that writers on this bit of Illinois history have givenaccounts of its positionin direct conflict with each other.A somewhat extended statement of the paper's position isgiven here in an effort to settle the question. Governor Fordhas said that the Gazette was against the convention; GovernorColes, that it was for it. 30These two authorities havebeen the source of endless conflicting statements, and othercontemporary writers, like Hooper Warren and GeorgeFlower, have contributed. In his History of the EnglishSettlement in Edwards County, Flower asserts, and offerssubstantial proof, that the paper was pro-convention, whilethe editor, E. B. Washburne,furnishes the information ina foot-note, that Eddy, editor of the Gazette, was againstthe convention.Henry Eddy and A. W. Kimmel conducted the Gazetteuntil May 22, 1820, when their partnership was dissolvedand James Hall became Eddy's partner and the editor.Hall at once acknowledged his ignorance of Illinois politicsand chose a neutral course for his paper. This course hereaffirmed, when, in printing a letter from Daniel P. Cookrelative to some political charges, Hall said editorially, "We29As late as April 22, 1823, Governor Coles wrote to Nicholas Biddle his beliefthat the Kaskaslua Republican would stand against the convention. Ten daysearlier he had written to Richard Flower and Morris Birkbeck suggesting that theytake the initiative in starting an anti-convention paper at Albion. See Washburne,Sketch of Governor Coles.30 " Unfortunately for the friends of freedom, four out of five of the newspapersprinted in this state are opposed to them; and the only press whose editor is infavor of freedom, although a pretty smart editor, has rendered himself unpopularwith many of his foolish and passionate attacks upon many prominent men on hisside of the question." Coles to Biddle, September 18, 1823. In WashburneSketch o) Governor Coles, 160.

INTRODUCTIONxliiiwish it to be distinctly understood that we have not forsakenthe neutral ground which we have thought proper to assumewith regard to the ensuing election. Our columns are opento* all communications temperately written, to which theauthors place their names, or for which they are willing tobe accountable. This is the only course which, situated aswe are, completely in the dark with regard to the state ofparties, and the merits of candidates, we could with anydegree of propriety pursue." This position Hall held consistentlyfor nearly two years, although he was suspected ofHoopersympathy with the advocates of slavery extension.Warren accused him of such sympathy in 1820 because of aneditorial in which Hall suggested a disparity between Illinoisand the states of Kentucky and Missouri, caused by thegreat advantagethe privilege of holdingwhich the last two had over the first fromslaves. Hall denied that what hesaid referred in any way to the political situation in Illinois,or that it was meant, as Warren charged, to favor the electionof E. K. Kane. 31 Two weeks later,82in printing a letterfrom Morris Birkbeck who uttered a word of warning to hisfellow-citizens lest they elect pro-slavery officials, Hall deploredthe fact that the question of slavery should be broughtup. "From this state," he said, "it [slavery] is excluded;it cannot now be introduced; and were an attempt to bemade for that purpose we should be among the first to opposeso material a change in our constitution." A change ofattitude ishardly concealed in the following, however:April 6,1822, a communication appeared announcing thatthe subject of the introduction of slaves into Illinois was inagitation in Union and Jacksoncounties. "Great exer-,31 Illinois Gazette, July 22, 1820.31Ibid, August 5, 1820.

xlivILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONStions," said the editor, "will, in all probability,be used toprocure a call for a convention to reconsider the importantprovision, in our constitution, against slavery. . . . Goodcause must be shown before the people will consent to aproposition so pointedly opposed to their former sentiments.Let those who advocate the measure exhibit their manifesto,that the people 'may the better judge.' Our Gazette is at theservice of all who choose to make itdiscussion, on this or any other subject, exceptthe medium of temperatesuch as involvethe deadly rancour of political parties and partisans,or the more baneful and unforgiving hate of theologicaldogma. At present we shall take no part in the slavequestion, reserving the right to enter the lists at a futureopportunity, should we so determine."Six months later Hall became involved in an acrimoniouspolitical dispute with Daniel P. Cook, who was a closepolitical friend of Eddy, and a schism arose which resultedin the dissolution of the partnership of Hall and Eddy inNovember. No matter touching on slavery appeared untilMarch, when an account of a meeting held at Jonesborotold that Alexander P. Field introduced a resolution whichproposed an effort to elect members of the legislature whowould recommend a convention for altering and amendingthe constitution. There was no editorial comment, and nomention of slavery. On March 8, Eddy strongly reprobatedthe seating of Shaw, but, unlike Berry, made no"reference to slavery. Berry's Extraordinary LegislativeProceedings" 33 was reprinted from the Illinois Intelligencerwithout criticism. From March, 1823, until August, 1824,the columns of the Gazette were crowded with communicationson the convention and the slavery questions.In that33 See p. xlvii.

INTRODUCTIONxlvperiod Birkbeck's Jonathan Freeman letters were printedand other articles on the same side. No one of these wasleft unanswered by the opponents, but the paper kept almostclear of the controversy, only once venturing to express theprevailing opinion of that part of the state. Inthe followingeditorial, printed June 14, 1823, the Gazette, according toGeorge Flower, "showed the cloven hoof"."The vote of the last legislature, recommending the caseof a new convention, seems to have produced a good deal ofexcitement in the western part of the state, and to have calledforth already some pretty warm discussion.In this quarter,as yet,we have heard but little said on the subject, owingprobably to the great degree of unanimity which prevails infavor of the measure. The people in this part of the state(in this and adjoining counties particularly) have too greatan interest at stake in keeping up the manufacture of saltat the saline, to be easily diverted from the course they intendto pursue by making the question turn upon the proprietyor impropriety of introducing negro slavery. They aiepersuaded that unless the time can be enlarged, during whichthe slaves of the neighboring states can be hired to labor atthe furnaces, the works, after the year 1824, must be abandoned,and this main source of revenue to the state be lost;besides all the advantages which they individually derivefrom the market, which, when in operation, those workscreate. The people in this part also, in common with othersin all parts of the state, desire an amendment of the constitutionin other particulars wherein it has been founddefective, and many (we are far from concealing it)are infavor of the introduction of slavery, either absolute, as itexists at present in the slave-holding states, or in a limiteddegreethat is to say, to exist until the children born after

xlviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSits admission shall arrive at a certain age, to be fixed by theconstitution." 34When Coles secured control of the Intelligencer, the Gazetteremarked, "Notwithstanding we have a high respectfor the former editors, and the manner in which they executedtheir editorial functions, we cannot but hope that the Intelligencerwill henceforth be conducted in a course, so as not towarrant any person in saying it disgusts the community." 35The situation is most clearly revealed in one sentence printedAugust 7.The Gazette had vigorously supported Cook ascandidate for Congress in opposition to Bond, althoughCook was a strong anti-slavery man. No doubt the enmitywhich Eddy incurred by doing all in his power to defeat thepro-slavery Bond caused many supporters of the conventionto regard Eddy as opposed to them on that proposition also.But that his loyalty to Cook in no wise influenced his sympathyfor the convention is fairlyindicated in his remark ofAugust 7: "The convention questionis lost principally,we believe, from the effort made by Governor Bond's friendsto force him upon its supporters, against the declared preferenceof Mr. Cook."It is clear from the pages of the paperitself that theGazette favored the convention. But it is more obvious thatEddy opened his columns freely to both parties in the discussion,that he was as nearly non-committal as an editorwell could be, and that his course was in striking contrastwith that of Hooper Warren and his Spectator on one hand,and Theophilus Smith and the Illinoisother.Republican on the/.Gazette, June 14, 1823. See George Flower, Hist. 0} English Settlement inEdwards Co., 253. No copy of the Gazette of this date is preserved.38May 29, 1824.

INTRODUCTIONxlviiThe Illinois Intelligencer, before the beginningfight, was inclined to ignore the slavery question ;of theits ownersup to February 15, 1823, Wm. H. Brown and WilliamBerry, were on opposite sides. In the number for February15, however, there appeared a scathing editorial, entitled"Extraordinary Legislative Proceedings," denouncing thelegislature 38 for its playingfast and loose with the PikeCounty members in order to gain the one vote necessary tocall for a ballot on the convention. To this editorial WilliamBerry appended a note. "The above 'extraordinarylegislative proceedings' have been published by my partner,Wm. H. Brown, Esq., without my approbation,and shallbe answered next week." In the issue for the next weekRobert Blackwell's name replaced Brown's, and signed editorialsfrom all three participants set forth their respectiveviews. Under Blackwell and Berry the paper was lesspartizan, but was 37friendly to the convention faction.At some time between March 19 and May 7,1824, Berrydisposed of his interest nominally to David Blackwell,39This editorial brought about the only threat I have found of legislative action,and the first instance of mob menace, against an Illinois newspaper. On Monday,February 17, 1823, Mr. Field, of Union County, moved the adoption of the followingresolution: "That the Editors of the Illinois Intelligencer be requested forthwithto inform this House who is the author of a piece which appeared in their lastpaper, signed A, B. and which charges the Legislature with corruption and dishonesty."The resolution passed, and there the matter ended. Public feelingoutside of the legislature was so much aroused that a mob collected in front of theoffice of the newspaper and threatened to destroy the press and other equipment.But this demonstration proceeded no further toward results than the legislatureitself had gone.87James H. Perkins, Annals of the West, appendix, 792-793, says: "The paper(at Vandalia) that performed the public printing, was the strong garrison (of theconvention party in December, 1823). On the morning of the meeting of the conventionparty leaders this citadel surrendered to their opponents, hoisted the anticonventionflag, and prepared to pour grapeshot into their ranks. . . . GovernorColes had purchased an interest in the press; David Blackwell, Esq., of Belleville,had been appointed secretary of state, to fill a vacancy and conduct the paper aseditor."This is inaccurate. David Blackwell did not become editor until after March,1824.

xlviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSthough Governor Coles was the real buyer. 38 With thischange the Intelligencer became an active opponentof theconvention; David Blackwell in his " prospectus," printedMay 14, asserted that he would give his uniform oppositionto the convention. And he did so.The Illinois Republican and the Republican Advocat(later the Kaskaskia Republican) were less permanent elements in the early newspaper field, and did little more tlcontribute to the campaign discussions of 1823-24. TheIllinois Republican at Edwardsville was established byPennsylvanian named Miller, and his son. Their comingwas opportune; a paper to oppose the Spectator was mucldesired, and a group of citizens, including Theophilus W.Smith, furnished some necessary money to aid the undertaking.From the beginning the paper favored the proslaveryparty; when the convention campaign opened, itpassed into the hands of Thomas J.McGuire and Company,and became the organ of the convention party, 39 with Smitlas virtual editor, aided by William Kinney, West, and others.Smith was a smooth, graceful, and plausible writer. Hisarticles were polished and of considerable literary merit, buthe was not the equal of his rival, Hooper Warren.No otheipapers in the campaign fought at such close quarters, 01with such direct personal animosity and bitterness as thesetwo at Edwardsville. Yet the editors went only once outsideof their editorial columns and their offices to flay theiiopponents. Their pens were facile and forcible.The Republican Advocate was established at Kaskaskicby Elias Kent Kane and Governor Reynolds,at first undei38Washburne, Sketch of Governor Coles, 167.38An interesting sidelight is thrown on this transaction in Governor Edwards'smessage to the legislature in 1826, and in a letter to HenryI. Mills. See EdwardPapers, 270.

INTRODUCTIONxlixthe nominal editorship of Robert K. Fleming, the printer;in January, 1824, in the heat of the campaign in which thepaper supported the convention party, it was transferred toWilliam Orr. Orr renamed it Kaskaskia Republican inMarch, 1824, and continued the paper until early in 1825,but the collapse of his cause deprived him of most of hissupport. In reviving his journal in 1826 under the title ofIllinois Reporter, Orr remarked philosophically that he hadbeen "taught by experience that his course in the politicalfield should not be permitted to transcend the limits oftemperate remark," and added, with something further ofphilosophy, that "extreme violence in political discussions,or unrestrained vituperation of those with whom we cannotcoincide in matters of opinion, should not be indulged in."How much the newspapersaffected the results of thecampaign can hardly be estimated. Two out of the fivewere against the convention, and the convention was defeated;but in three of the four counties in which the paperswere published, the convention faction won. St. ClairCounty voted against the convention, 506 to 408, and theresult has been credited very largely to the vigorous effortsof the Spectator; Fayette County returned 125 for to 121against; in Gallatin, where Eddy made his timid stand,597 for to 133 against showed the temperof the southeastsection of the state; in Randolph 357 were for and 284against the proposal.The engine of the press finished the first period of itscareer under forced draft and high pressure, as it were. Inthe columns of these pioneer papers the early life of the statelies revealed frankly and realistically. The editors orcontributors included nearly all the leaders in public life,and like the leaders, the papers were strongly partizan.

1 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBut the partizanship was obvious and sincere;the earnestnesswith which either partyadvocated its cause is stillrefreshing; and in this earnestness with which the chargewas made and repulsed and the countercharge brought forth,there are the simplicity and the strength of the pioneers ofa great commonwealth. When the campaign was over thepapers lost their strongest writers and much of their patronage.One was discontinued; the others entered the nextweakened in character and in influence.periodFROM 1824 TO 1840The period from 1824 to 1840, although somewhat arbitrarilylimited, extends from the great convention contest tothe most exciting presidential campaign, relative to newspaperactivity, before 1860. It is also a formative period,in which almost every subsequent phenomenon of increase,congregation, and distribution of population was begun orindicated ;and in which several types of periodicals wereintroduced.In 1824 nearly the whole of the northern two-thirds of thestate was included in five counties. The military bountyland tract was divided between Pike and Fulton ;Sangamon,territories and allFayette, and Edgar included their presentthat part of the state to the north of them and south of theIllinois river and the lower edge of Lake Michigan. By1840, though fifteen counties were set apart subsequently,the county organization was practically what it is today.40The chief movement of population in the early part ofthe period was the rapid peopling of the valley of the Illinoisriver, of the prairies of the central part of the state,40Blue Book oj the State o] Illinois, 1905, pp. 414-430.and of

INTRODUCTIONlithe Fever river lead region in the vicinity of Galena. 41Thegreatest immigration into Central Illinois occurred in 1827and 1828; from the end of the Black Hawk War until thefinancial disturbances in 1837 there was rapid growth alongthe Illinois river. Springfield, which was established in 18 19,had a population numbering between six hundred and eighthundred in 1830; Jacksonville was of about the same size.The population of Sangamon County at that time was overforty-two thousand; that of the military tract was aboutthirteen thousand; Adams County was the most thicklysettled district in that now populous area, and Quincy,the county town, containedperhaps two hundred persons.Peoria, whose firstpermanent settlers arrived in 1819,grew with great rapidity. Peoria County had been organizedin 1825 with a population of twelve hundred thirtysix;Galena counted a population of about two thousand,and the county more than twice that number. After 1834the objective point for immigrants to Illinois was Chicago,where many stayed, and from which point the whole northernpart of the state was peopled. This movement was checkedby the financial depression beginning in 1837, but revivedagain in 1842.Transportation facilities improved rapidly. Steam navigationon the Illinois river began in 1828, and on Lake Michiganin 1832. By 1830 nearly every important point in Illinoiscould be reached in a reasonably short time, since steamboatsdeparted almost daily for all Illinois points along theMississippi, and others plied upand down the Illinois.41 In the fall of 1825 the Western Emporium, published at Centerville, Indiana,estimated that between one hundred and one hundred twenty wagons loaded withfamilies and effects passed through that town in fifteen days on their way to Illinois,chiefly to the northern parts. It believed that as many more had passed throughBrooksville, Lawrenceburg, etc.

HiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRoads, also, were improved and extended. 42 In 1824 a stageline led from St. Louis to Vincennes; 43 by 1830 trips weremade three times a week over this route, touching Belleville,44and Lawrenceville. ALebanon, Carlyle, Maysville,stagewent once a week from St. Louis to Vandalia by way ofEdwardsville and Greenville; and once a week to Galenaby way of Edwardsville, Springfield, and Peoria. In 1836a line of wagons was established between Chicago and Kankakee,where connection was made for the Illinois river;three years later a stage line operating between Chicago andGalena made the trip in two days.Four newspapers survived the convention campaign, toconnect the preceding with the period now being considered.To these were added one hundred and fifteen new journalisticventures, and thirty-one others that belong to a mostdifficult class,based on a sort of incorporeal hereditament;papers with new names or old names, but related more orless mythically with preceding publications. An attemptto follow the wandering titles and peripatetic subscriptionlistsof many of these early papers carries the investigatortoo near the psychical for any practical purposesof record.However, of these one hundred and sixty that had existencein these sixteen years, but fifty-two remained for thecensus enumerator in 1840, several of which were but45temporary campaign sheets.42The General Assembly in 1830 passed many laws establishing new roads,and shortening and improving others. Some of the more important highwaysauthorized at that session were: One from the west bank of the Wabash oppositeVincennes, to Chicago, through Palestine, York, Darwin, Paris, and Danville;one from Springfield to Rock Island via Sangamontown, New Salem, Miller'sFerry, Havana, and Lewiston; one from Pekin to Vermillion County; and one fromAlton to Galena,via Carrollton, Whitehall, Jacksonville, Bairdstown (sic), Rushvilleand Macomb.43Davidson and Stuv6, History of Illinois, 352.44Peck, Gazetteer of Illinois, 1837, p. 325, says that stages ran each way on alternatedays over this route, and twice a week between Shawneetown and Carlyle.See also Mitchell, Illinois in 183?, p. 66.45See fourth paragraph subseq.

INTRODUCTIONliiiThe geographical distribution of the papers establishedin this period is of much significance. Whereas in the firstdecade no paper was projected in territory farther to thenorth than Vandalia, two years laterthe Miner's Journalappeared at Galena, two hundred miles northward; in thenext year the Sangamo Spectator was established at Springfield;Jacksonville followed in 1830 with the WesternObserver, Alton in 1832 with the Spectator, and Chicagowith the Democrat in 1833. Add to these the Chronicle andBounty Land Advertiser, begun at Beardstown in 1833, theEnquirer, set up in the same year at Danville, on the easternedge of the central belt of the state, the Illinois Championand Peoria Herald in the north central section, 1834, andthe Bounty Land Register, begun in 1835 at Qumc 7> on tneextreme western side, and the limits of distribution havebeen reached. What remained now was but the filling in ofthe spaces between these remote points, and much of this wasaccomplished within the period.The filling-in process was urged to abnormal activity bythe grand internal improvement scheme. No fewer thannineteen newspapers were established in towns along theIllinoisriver and the canal route, including Alton and excludingChicago, between 1836 and 1840.But as no partof the state was left out of this comprehensive scheme, papersgrew, declined, and died in all parts of the state. Yet asidefrom the impetus of the improvement scheme there was thespirit of the time that made for recklessness. Immigrationand speculation were abnormally augmented,settlers werepouring into the state, town sites were being laid out on allsorts of theories of future development. A contemporaryeditor has given an explanation of the newspaper situationthat doubtless is true.

livILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS"The establishment of newspapers appearsto be a leadingcharacteristic of the present age. So greatis the ragefor getting up papers, that the patronage necessary for theirmaintenance isthought a secondary consideration, if, indeed,it is not deemed of too littleconsequence to elicit even apassing enquiry. Is there a town or city in embryo, withits plat designated, its streets and alleys, and public groundsmarked out, having within its bounds some half a dozenhouses, a tavern, a store, and a blacksmith shop? itscrowded population and wealth and greatness are seen inperspective, and a press is wanted, the sacrifice of some poorprinter is demanded, to magnify its beauties, extenuate itsfaults, transform itsvery evils into blessings, and giveassurance to the world of, not what it is, but what it is to be.Is there a little village, with its political parties or factions inarray ? the one must have its paper to promulgate itsdoctrines and vindicate its rights; and anon the opposingparty, having in their imagination great principles and importantinterests at stake, must also have itsorgan throughwhich it can be heard, that the encroachments of contendingpower may be stayed. Is there a wealthy and ambitiousdemagogue, grasping for office as the only means of obtaininga short-lived and perchance an unenviable distinction?- the press is the great lever by which he is to consummatehis wishes.Is there a lawyer, brief in years, brief in legalacquirements, with professional prospects briefless, the pressis the fulcrum upon which his last hope for political prefermentis based the all-powerful engine by which he is toelevate himself to the summit of his imaginary glory,to thehighest goal of his ambitions, and straight the learnedTheban mounts the editorial tripod, and with more than

INTRODUCTIONIvsibylline gravity utters forth his oracles of political wisdomto a benighted world." 46The presidential campaign of 1840 brought into beinga large number of papers. Of the seventeen established in1839, six may reasonably be considered campaign ephemera,which were discontinued in 1840 or 1841, or, finding evidenceof permanent support, changed their titles to indicate theiraltered character. In 1840 such papers as Sucker, Spirit ofcharacter.'76, Sovereign People, Illinois Free Trader, Old Hickory,and Old Soldier were started merely as campaign sheets;and there were at least twelve others primarily of the sameSixteen of the thirty new or refurbished downstatepapers established in 1840 ended with the campaignor within the following year.In tone the papers were not materially different fromthose of the preceding period. There were, to be sure, agood many very poor sheets, of a colorless, neutral tone, theforerunners of the abject bread-getters, never exalted to thedignity ofbread-earners, which became widely prevalent inthe decade from 1870 to 1880. But more of the paperspresidential contest in Illinois producedwere run by men of backbone and brains proportionsvarying. Politics continued to be the primary interest, andthe political tone was nothing softened since 1824. Nomore violent newspaperutterances than that of 1840. It was a campaignespecially to the taste of the settlers in the young, crude state,and the inhabitants entered the lists without reserve, andwith sufficient vocabularies. Witness this following, from48 Illinois State Gazette & Jacksonville News, May 9, 1835. The promptnesswith which newspapers were set up in incipient villages is well illustrated in thecase of Grafton. The first settlers built their cabins in 1832, streets were laid outin 1836, and John Russell published the Backwoodsman there in 1837.

IviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSthe Vandalia Free Press, edited by William Hodge, forJuly 27,1838 (extra):"GLORIOUS TIMES" OFPATENT DEMOCRACY!A " Mousing Grimalkin" for President!A practical amalgamator, his vicelA Taney Federalist in the chair of Marshall.A Secretary of the Treasury whose financial blunderswould disgrace a schoolboy!An Attorney General who has yet to learn the first rudimentsof political honesty!A servile Senate fawning at the footstool of Puss's throne !Hodge was not a fair representative of the Illinois newspapermen of his day, perhaps, but however the papersdiffered in degree, they were alike in being strong partyorgans, one-sided, and never independent.The strong bias that seemed to be demanded of the newspapersof the time, the bias that fed the party or factionalspirit, at the same time reduced the power of the papers.'Newspapers at present have but little influence," wroteHooper Warren in i828. u 47 The readers are few, andthese are taught to believe that all that appears in a newspaperis a lie, of course." At this same time De Tocqueville48remarked the small influence of American papers, andHarriet Martineau had never heard any one deny the profligacyof newspapers in general, or that the American werethe worst.Why "the republic has not been overthrown byitsnewspapers" 49 Miss Martineau might have learned fromHooper Warren.47Edwards Papers, 336.48Democracy in America, I, 235. (Bowen, 1882.) But see also 238.49 Society in America, I, 75. (Paris, 1837.)

INTRODUCTIONIviiThough the newspaper readers were few from the pointof view of an unsuccessful editor, the ratio of newspapers topopulation was large,as the following table will show, andtheir influence was without doubt greater than the discouragededitor of the Galena Advertiser believed.RATIO OF NEWSPAPERS TO POPULATION IN 1837Town Population 50 Pop. of Co. (1835) NewspaperAlton 2,500 9,016 4Chicago 8,000 7, 500 3Galena 1,200 4,35 iJacksonville 2,500 16,500 3Ottawa 400 4,754iPekin 800 5,850iPeoria i>5o 7,000 iShawneetown 600 8,660 iSpringfield i7>573 2Vandalia 850 3^38 2In the following statistical view of the publishing industryin the state in 1840, presented in the census reportfor that year, two items require comment. The four periodicalsassigned to Jo Daviess County it seems impossibleto identify.There were but two towns of any consequencein the county at that time, and neither, so far as availablematerials show, supported a periodical other than a newspaper.The same difficulty attends the daily paper inSchuyler County. Possibly the Rushville Political Examinerwas issued daily in the heat of the campaign.50These figures are from Mitchell, Illinois in 1837, and are probably estimated.

IviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCENSUS OF 1840COUNTIES

INTRODUCTIONlixreligious paper was started;in the next year appeared anagricultural journal, the second west of the Alleghanies,and a monthly literary magazine. The first harbinger ofthe flock which was to spread the Washingtonian movementabroad in the state came in 1836; in 1837an educationalmonthly endured a brief life of neglect. In the next yeara paper was started at Edwardsville to promulgate a universallanguage. Finally, ambitious Chicago produced in1839 the first daily paper in the state, and in 1840 the second.It should be noted too, that the two oldest papers in Illinoisto-day look back to this period for their beginnings. Mostof these pioneers in special fields require here a word ofcomment.Religious journalism, which has been important numericallysince the middle of this period, began with the Pioneerof the Valley of the Mississippi, established at Rock Springby John Mason Peck and T. P. Green, and first issued onApril 25, 1829. It was a private venture, and Baptist.Baptist journalism in Illinois has been, from the beginning,wholly a matter of private enterprise in contrast with that ofOhio and Michigan, among the western states. 51The ideaof the Pioneer originated with Peck, who felt that his Baptistseminary, and the state, needed the stimulus that a weeklypaper would give. He found a Rev. T. P. Green willing tofurnish half enough money to start the venture, and to actas publisher. The rest of the funds Peck secured fromeastern Baptists, who, no doubt, at Peck's suggestion, stipulatedthat half of the profits should go to the seminary.Peck was editor, and in his travels solicited subscriptions.But the paper was a dead expense from the beginning; 5251 Justin A. Smith, History of the Baptists in the Western States, 380.82Rufus Babcock, Memoir of John Mason Peck, Phila., 1864.

eILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSthe Rev. Mr. Green soon starved out, and was succeeded bya Mr. Smith, son-in-law of Mr. Peck. In June, 1836, theoffice was moved to Alton, where it was a distressing burdento its originator until January, 1839, when it was combinedwith the Baptist Banner of Louisville, Kentucky.That an attempt was made to establish a pretentiousliterary monthly in Illinois in 1830 provokes astonishmentparalleled only by the wonder that the attempt was carriedtwo years toward success. James Hall, lawyer, writer,circuit judge, state treasurer, editor of the Illinois Emigrantfrom 1820 to 1822, of the Illinois Intelligencer from 1829 to1832, trustee of Illinois College, writer of fiction, literarybiography, and commercial statistics, vehement politicianand maker of many enemies this versatile Pennsylvanianestablished the Illinois Monthly Magazine at Vandalia,IllinoisOctober, 1830, and publishedit there for two years.had been a state but twelve years, and contained more horsethievesin the southern and Indians in the northern sectionsthan litterateurs in both. Yet here was this hopeful voicecalling out from Vandalia to the peopleon subjects literary, scientific, culturalof Illinois for articlesfor fiction and forpoetry and for appreciation in coin of the realm. It hadnearly a score of predecessors in the Ohio valley, 53includingThe Medley (1803), Western Review (1820) and Transylvanian(1829) at Lexington, Kentucky; Cincinnati LiteraryGazette (1824), Western Monthly Review (1828), Sentinel andStar in the West (1829), and Olio, at Cincinnati, the westernpublishing center of that time. Of these predecessors toHall's venture, Olio (1821-22)is of interest here becauseone of its editors was Samuel S. Brooks, who becameB Venable, Early Periodical Literature of the Ohio Valley. Cairns, On the Developmentof American Literature from 1815 to Z#JJ, pp. 60, 61.

INTRODUCTIONbrione of the most active and trenchant of early editors inIllinois. The greater age and population of the communitiesin which these early attempts were made, as compared withthe village capital of Illinois, make Hall's venture seem themore hazardous.Yet Hall's purpose was largely practical. "The leadingfeatures of our humble attempt," the editor explained in thepreface to his first number, "will be to disseminate knowledge,to cultivate a taste for letters, and to give correct delineationsof this country to our distant friends. Every. . .topic connected with the arts, the industry, or the resourcesof this flourishing state, or of the western country, will comewithin the scope of this work. But while we propose. . .to give a prominent place to the useful, it is not our intentionto neglect the lighter and more elegant branches of literature.Original tales, characteristic of the western people, arepromised, and we think that our arrangements in this departmentare such, that the lovers of ingenious fiction will notbe disappointed. Literary intelligence will form a portionof each number." Something further of Hall's ideal wasexpressed in the seventh number, when, in the course of anarticle on "Periodicals," the editor wrote, "Our editorshave become too formal, and stately, and fastidious. . . .Instead of the infinite variety of topics, which once gaveinterest to works of this description, nothingis now admittedbut reviews, tales, and poetry. ... I am much betterpleased with the good old-fashioned magazines . . . withinwhose well furnished pages, the reader, whatever might behis taste, was sure to find something agreeable."Such, indeed, was the character of the Illinois MonthlyMagazine, for performance followed close on purpose, andHall gathered in those two ambitious volumes a quantity,

IxiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSquality, and varietyof matter creditable indeed.He drewon his own resources heavily he contributed nearly onehalfof all that he printed. And he drew at the same timeon all other available resources in the state, and soon exhaustedthem.The energetic citizens of Alton, which at that time wasalmost the equal of Chicago in population,firstorgan of temperance reform, when on June i,IllinoisState Temperance Society publishedfurnished the1836, thethere the firstnumber of the Illinois Temperance Herald. The papernever received from subscriptions and advertisements asupport sufficient to maintain it,but the society seems tohave had fairly ample funds, since for some time as many assix thousand copies of the Herald were circulated. 54Furthermorethey brought Timothy Turner, an effectivetemperancelecturer, from New York, and at considerableexpense secured A. W. Corey as editor of their paper. 55 Theburden became too great, however; the Missouri Societywas in 1839 induced to share the expenses of publication,and the title of the paper was altered to Missouri and IllinoisTemperance Herald. The words and Washingtonian wereadded in 1842, after which time the paper did not longsurvive.Ensley T. and C. Goudy began in January, 1837, topublish the first educational journal in Illinois, probably thefirst in the Mississippi valley.It was entitled CommonSchool Advocate, and was issued monthly.54Tanner, Martyrdom oj Lovejoy, 100.Only a printer65Tanner, supra cit., declared that Corey provoked heated opposition in St.Louis, especially by printing the names of all wholesale grocers of that city whosold liquors, and charging them with participating in a common crime. "Many,in their fury, would have been glad to have wiped out of existence not only theObserver, but also the Temperance Herald, with their editors, printers, and offices,as nuisances in society."

INTRODUCTIONIxiiilike Goudy, who ventured and failed in many journalisticundertakings, would have had the courage to use labor, ink,and paper, even, in publishing a school journal in Illinois,at that time. There was no common school system; therewere no required qualifications for school teachers; andthere was a latent antagonism on the part of a large portionof the populace to an educational system which would entailtaxation. 56 "We apprehend," said S. S. Brooks, editor ofthe Jacksonville Gazette and News in a notice of the CommonSchool Advocate, "there is not sufficient intelligence amongthe mass of teachers in the state to appreciate the merits ofsuch a work, nor interest enough taken by parents in thesuccess of common schools, or in the education of theirchildren, to induce them to extend, at the present time, anadequate support to the enterprise." The editorial laborwas done by "a few literary gentlemen who, from theirdeep interest in this subject, generously volunteered theirservices for one year without remuneration." SamuelWillard ascribed the editorship to Rev. Theron Baldwin. 57But Brooks's pessimism seems to have been warranted, forThe failure ofthe journal did not continue beyond the year.the Advocate was in keeping with the fate of all educationaljournals, four in number, which had been established up tothat time in the United States. The first was begun in 1818 ;the least unsuccessful lived for ten years; others, four, two,and one, respectively. Considering the conditions, theCommon School Advocate had its due length of life.Chicago had a population of about five hundred whenthe firstnewspaper was set up in it,and mail was carried on56Mitchell, Illinois in 1837, pp. 60-61.57W. L. Pillsbury, in Report of the Supt. of Public Instruction, 1883-84, p. cxvii.Quoted in Pub. No. 10, III. State Hist. Lib. 333.

IxivILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSa horse once a week by way of Niles, Michigan. And it issignificant that the first number of this first paper stronglyurged "the commencement and completion of the longcontemplatedcanal to connect the waters of Lake Michiganwith the Illinois River." In that year, 1833, when theDemocrat added its voice to the internal improvement chorus,a total of twenty-eight voters elected the first trustees of thenew town; and seven thousand Indians met thereaboutsto sign a treaty ceding to the United States all of the territoryin northern Illinois and in Wisconsin. A second paperwas established in 1835, when the population of the townwas 3,265, including a number of Whigs who were not contentto have their interests ignored by the only paper in theplace. They consequently saw to it that the Whig Americanwas started, and this paper, on November 26, 1839, beganto issue the first daily in the state. Its rival .began a dailyin the following year. Thus the dailies really began in thisperiod, but discussion of them is placed in the next, in whichthey became an important feature of journalism.Although this sketch is confined to affairs less widelyknown than the brief career of the Alton Observer, endingin the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy, it is perhaps permissibleto recite briefly the events connected with that fatal affair,since the Observer was the firstabolition paperin Illinois.Hooper Warren contrasts conditions in 1837, when Lovejoywas killed, with those in 1820, when Warren, unmolested,conducted the Spectator,58suggesting the inference that thetwo men were preaching the same doctrine. But such aninference is erroneous. The Edwardsville Spectator was notan abolition paper, but an anti-slavery paper.Since Warren'spaper was only anti-slavery,the Observer was the first58In Genius of Liberty, Vol. I, no. i.

INTRODUCTIONIxvabolition paper in the state,the first of a considerable number,most of which originated between 591842 and i85o.The Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who had been forced toleave St. Louis because of his abolitionist utterances,arrived at Alton with a press and an intention to establisha newspaper, or to conduct at that point the one that hewas not allowed to continue at St. Louis. Many citizensat Alton resented the idea of an abolition paper in that place,and on the night after the arrival of the press, threw it intothe Mississippi. At a public meeting held on the next dayMr. Lovejoy assured that people that they had mistakenhis motives, that he had intended to establish a religious,not an anti-slavery newspaper; he asserted his personalantagonism to slavery,but denied that he was an abolitionist.These statements were taken as a pledge by those citizenswho felt that they had a right to receive in advance a pledgeas to what kind of doctrine Lovejoy was to print in his newspaper."Upon this condition," says Ford, 60 "he was permittedto set up the Alton Observer without opposition."The editor had no idea of assenting to such a condition, butfor some time he conducted the Observer as a religious paper,opposed to slavery, but not abolition in tone. Graduallyhis own views changed, however, and within a year he wasforemost in Illinois abolition councils. A meeting of antiabolitionistsresolved that Lovejoy had broken his pledgeand was threatening the peace of the community. A committeeimpressed those resolutions upon him, to which heanswered with a denial of having given a pledge, and contendedfor right to freedom of discussion. To this hiss* See p. Ixxv.80History of Illinois, 234-235.

IxviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONScritics replied on September 21 by throwing his press andtype into the Mississippi. A state anti-slavery meeting washeld at Upper Alton on September 27 for the purpose offorming an anti-slavery society, but as the call includedall friends of free discussion, the anti-abolitionists madethe meeting futile. Another was held on October 28, atwhich it was voted to order a new press. News of this actbrought on another mass meeting at which was discussed notthe right to require an editor to promise in advance what heintends to say, but whether or not he had kept such apromise, and what he intended to do in the future. Love joyasserted that he would advocate what doctrines he wished;his opponents resolved that he should not advocate abolition.With matters in that posture the press arrived, and wasplaced in a warehouse, where it was guarded by Lovejoyand others. In an attack on the warehouse Lovejoy andone of his opponents were killed. The press was throwninto the river, and the paper was not again printed in Alton." After the violence of feeling had somewhat subsided,"remarks Ford,61"both parties were indicted for theircrimes arising out of these transactions, and all were acquitted;makingit a matter of record that in fact the abolitionistshad not provoked an assault ;that there had been nomob; and that no one had been killed or wounded."This61History of Illinois, 245. For contemporary accounts of this affair see WilliamS. Lincoln, Alton Trials, New York, 1838; Rev. Edward Beecher, Narrativeoj Riots at Alton, Alton, 1838; also Henry Tanner, Martyrdom of Lovejoy, Chicago,1 88 1. Harris, Negro Servitude in Illinois, 68-98, reviews the event and its results,giving on p. 96 n. an incompletelist of papers which deplored the riot, and saying:" In Illinois the effect of the rioting at Alton upon the anti-slavery cause was not atonce apparent. There was a small public meeting in Chicago, which condemnedthe assault on the warehouse as a blow at the freedom of the press. This and thecensure of a few papers like the Peoria Register were the only protests against theoutrage. In fact, few people in the state cared to raise their voices in condemnationof the deed such was the disrepute in which the abolitionists were then held."For its effect at the center of abolitionist agitation see William Lloyd Garrison, TheStory of His Life, Vol. 2, pp. 182-192.

INTRODUCTIONIxviiverdict was reached in spite of the fact that the evidenceshowed that each accused individual had been present whenLove joy was killed, and that most of them had had weaponsof some sort in their hands. 82The Observer was not the only paper suppressed in thecourse of the slavery struggle in Illinois, as will appear inanother section;but Love joy was the only editor killed insuch affairs, and his death, more than his or other antislaverypaper, gave coherence and impetus to the abolitionmovement.The period ending in 1840, with a total of fifty-threepapers, showed little development in the character of thenewspapers of the ordinary type. They were still stronglypolitical and partizan; there had been no noticeable improvementin tone; no great editors had appeared, althoughsuch men as John York Sawyer, John Bailhache, J.M.Peck, John Russell, and S. S. Brooks, besides Hooper Warrenand others who had figured in the previous period, raiseda part of the press of Illinois well above the level of mediocrity.In the beginnings of religious, literary,and someother special forms, indications of progress were to be seen,but the chief growth had been numerical and geographical.Although many immigrants had come, and many thousandsof idle acres had been tilled, pioneer conditions still prevailed,and nothing could have been more uncouth andviolent than the newspapers in the campaign of 1840, withwhich this period closed.FROM 1841 TO i860Three important movements affected the character andgrowth of newspapers in the period from 184062 Harris, Negro Servitude in Illinois, 95.to 1860.

IxviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSThese were the introduction of the telegraph, the coming ofthe railroad, and the political shifts and realignments thatled to the forming of the Republican party organization inIllinois in 1856, and eventually to the nomination of Lincoln.The first two combined to bring about a revolution ineconomic conditions in the newspaper industry;the thirdbrought to a close an epoch of political chaos among thepapers, and established a prettydefinite basis of classification.There were fiftytwopapers in the state in 1840. Inthe score of years following, a total of seven hundred andthirty-one others, at least, were begun. In 1860 two hundredand eighty-six remained, showing a net increase of two hundredthirty-four, in spite of the great mortality.The most striking effect of the introduction of the telegraphand the railroad was that which it had in promotingthe establishment and growth of daily papers. It is a truismwell known to newspaper publishers that as soon as thepopulation of a town becomes large enough to support onedaily journal, two are started. The relation of populationto the beginnings of Illinois dailies is of course not tobe overlooked; the other less obvious, but more suggestiveand almost equally important relation warrants consideration.The telegraph preceded the railroad in Illinois, despitethe internal improvement act of 1837, under which the stateundertook to build about one thousand three hundred andforty miles of railroad. As a result of this act a road wasbuilt eastward from Meredosia, and the first locomotive inThe line reachedthe state was put in use November 8, 1838.but the engines deteriorated and wereSpringfield in 1842;abandoned; mules were substituted; and the whole propertywas sold in i847. 83 The real introduction of railroads88W. K. Ackerman, Early Illinois Railroads, Fergus Hist. Ser. No. 23.

INTRODUCTIONIxixcame three years later.The telegraph reached the state bytwo routes in the same year, 1848; one from Philadelphia,Pittsburg, and Cincinnati to St. Louis, touched at thesouthern part of the state ;the other from New York, by wayof Cleveland, Toledo, and Detroit, tapped Chicago. Thenetwork of lines that spread over the state from 1840 to 1850was built by Henry C. O'Reilly, as a part of his greatAtlantic and Mississippi lines. 64 Starting from St. Louis,these were extended to Alton, Jacksonville, Jerseyville,Carrollton, Springfield, Peoria, Delavan, Peru, Chillicothe,Henry, Ottawa, Morris, Lockport, and thence to Chicago,where connection was made with the line built by EzraCornell along the lakes. Another line from St. Louis connectedBeardstown, Rushville, Sterling, Quincy, RockIsland, Dixon, and Galena, as well as small intermediatepoints. 65By 1850 every important town in Illinois was intelegraphic connection with Chicago and the eastern cities,and Chicago newspapers regularly contained in brief formthe news of the previous day from all over the east.Railroad construction in Illinois really began in 1850, inwhich year a line was put in operation between Chicagoand Elgin; and later continued to Freeport. In 1852 theMichigan Central,the firstline to connect Illinois with theEast, entered Chicago. The work of construction on theIllinois Central was begun in 1851 and completed to Cairoin 1856; a line from Alton to Springfield was completed in1853; and from Springfield to Joliet in 1854. By 1860most of the principal towns were to be reached by railroads.The rapidity with which they were built is suggested by thefact that in February, 1852, there were ninety-fivemiles ofM Alexander Jones, Historical Sketch of the Electric Telegraph, 79.M Drown, Record and Historical View of Peoria, 1850, p. 122.

'IxxILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSroad in the state;two years later there were one thousandmiles;at the end of 1855 two thousand four hundred ten;and in another year, two thousand seven hundred sixty-one.How closely the dailies followed the telegraph may beseen by comparing the foregoingstatements with the followinglist:ILLINOIS DAILIES (Downstate)Town Paper When EstablishedQuincy, Daily Morning Courier September 13, 1845Springfield, Illinois State Journal (d. ed.) 1845Galena, Daily Advertiser 66January i, 1848Peoria, Daily Register June 16, 1848Springfield, State Register (d. ed.) January 2, 1849Peoria, Champion 1849Quincy, Herald (d. ed.) 1849Quincy, Journal 1851Dixon, Telegraph 1851Quincy, Tribune 1852Quincy, Whig (d. ed.) 1852Peoria, Daily Morning News ..... .May 26, 1852Alton, Telegraph May 24, 1852Alton, Courier May 29, 1852Peru, Chronicle (d. ed.) 1853Belleville, Eagle 1853Belleville, Zeitung 1853Peoria, Republican January 17, 1853Peoria, Democratic Press 1854Bloomington, Pantagraph June 19, 1854Carlyle, Daily Democrat 1854Rock Island, Argus 1854Jacksonville, Constitutionist 1854Springfield, Enterprise 1854Dixon, Daily Whisper 1855Rock Island, Daily Commercial 1855Rock Island, Advertiser September 13, 1855Peoria, Transcript December 17, 1855Decatur, Gazette 1856Galena, Daily Courier January, 185688 E. A. Snively, Trans. III. State Hist. Soc., No. 9, p. 207, gives the title asGalena Gazette, and the date, June i, 1847. But v. 4, no. 117 of Galena Advertiser(d) is dated October 15, 1851, and other accounts give 1848.

INTRODUCTIONIxxiNot all these papers afford such apt evidence of theclose relation of the telegraph to the dailies as does the PeoriaRegister.That paper was started on the same day thetelegraph line was opened between Peoria and St. Louis, andthe firstdespatch between the two towns was sent by theeditor of the Register to the editor of the St.Louis Republican.67In Chicago, the first daily, the American, was establishedon April 9, 1839, the second in 1840. In the period 1841-1860, inclusive, twenty-eight were begun, including onedaily "price current"; of these, ten were stillpublished in1860. According to compilations made at the variousdates, the number of dailies in the state was:1840 Downstate iChicago 2 Total 31850 Downstate 3 Chicago 5 Total 81854 Downstate 13 Chicago 7 Total 201856 Downstate 10 Chicago 7 Total 171860 Downstate 13 Chicago 10 Total 23This was a formative period of newspapers, as of politics.The violence of party strifewhich marred the newspapersbefore and in the campaign of 1840 was not soon mitigated.The Chicago press had shown as yet but a few of the qualitieswhich were developedlater. "It was still in its infancy,and an infancy by no means respectable."68In 1848John L. Scripps bought a third interest in the ChicagoTribune, and from that date one may fairly say that theChicago papers began to take on something of tone andcharacter, given to them directly or indirectly by the dignifiedlabor of Scripps. He originated the first distinctivereview of the markets of Chicago; he gave distinction andinfluence to the editorial, and extended the scope of the news87Bess, Eine Populate Geschichte der Stadt Peoria, 195.88William Bross, History of Chicago, 81.

IxriiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSservice. In the winter of 1851-1852 the Whigs of Chicagohad a controlling interest in the Tribune. Scripps was aFree-Soiler, and something of a Democrat, so he sold hisshare in the Tribune, and with William Bross started theDemocratic Press, through which he continued to act as atonic to the press of the city.The Democratic Press wasFree-Soil, but supported Douglas until the Kansas-Nebraskaquestion drove it, in 1856, into the Republicanparty, and two years later, into the Tribune, which CharlesH. Ray made, within this period, the best paper in Illinois,and which increased in prestige under Horace White andJoseph Medill, until it ranked high in American journalism.Although the press was increasing in efficiency, especiallythrough the establishment of such publications as theTribune and the Prairie Farmer, and papers at Bloomington,Princeton, Peoria, Quincy, and Belleville,the general tone,especially of the political press, was still in the greater partviolent and partisan. Amid the clatter of party discussions,however, there arose early in the period signsof reaction,of protest, of a demand for rational consideration of politicsaffairs. The demand was neither wide-instead of partyspread nor loudly voiced, for the general public was farfrom desiring independent newspapers but individuals, andeven communities, were movingin that direction. AtJacksonville, then the most cultured communityin theState, the Illinoisan had, just before the close of the previousdecade, shown better qualities than generally prevailed,but it had passed to the hands of William Hodge in theearly forties, and had sunk to the common level. In itsplacethere arose a short-lived butsignificant independentpaper."At the suggestion of many friends," Jonathan Baldwin

INTRODUCTIONIxxiiiTurner began on April 29, 1843, to publishthe IllinoisStatesman, and established a fair claim to having set up thefirst wholly independent newspaper in Illinois. So far asindependence was concerned, no one in the state wasbetter equipped than he. Of unusual natural ability, hewas well educated, strong minded, and absolutely unafraidof either men or ideas. When in an early number of hispaper he said, "It is well known that on many points, bothof politicsand morals, we disagree with all parties nowextant," he made mild acknowledgmentof a fact to whichWhat the States-every one who knew him would testify.man was to strive for is suggested by certain passages fromthe prospectus: "The present depression of the publicmind is known and feltby all. ... It is believed that goodmen of all parties are anxious, candidly and earnestly toenquire for the true causes and remedies of present ills,and to seek some sure foundation of future action andfuture hope.... In a word, how can we secure to ourselvesharmony, peace, and prosperity at home, and respectabilityabroad as a community, as a state, andas a nation? . . . We all know but too well, thatspeculation, officeseeking, demagogues and party spirit,have conspired to plunge us into the gulph.. . . Hencethis paper can be devoted to the interests of no party whatever,political, moral, social, or ecclesiastical." Neitherwas it to attack any party, as such. So, in the face of agenerally expressed belief, "that none but a violent, factious,party paper could be sustained" in Jacksonville, the newpaper was begun.But success was from the first clearly impossible. Turnerwas a pamphleteer, not a journalist. He had no editorialexperience, and little interest, even for that day, in a news-

crivILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSpaper for the sake of news. Underthe head of " Crimes andCasualties" he printed:89"Our paper is small, and if ourreaders will for the present just have the goodness to imaginea certain due proportion of fires,tornadoes, murders, thefts,robberies and bully fights,from week to week, it will do justas well, for we can assure them they actually take place."Such a news service would have satisfied Thoreau, but didnot content the subscribers. On the other hand, the editorialdepartment was strong. The Quincy Whig commentedfacetiously on one of Mr. Turner's thirteen-column editorials,and was told in reply that the actual length was buteleven columns. These editorials dealt carefully and logically,but vigorously and sometimes caustically, withcurrent political topics slavery, the tariff, and banks -always considered morally or economically, without regardto parties. Agriculture and education were given muchattention. The editor flatly refused to write "puffs" foradvertisers.In the second number a great national newspaperat Washington was proposed, to represent both politicalparties, page and page alike. This was to be supplementedby similar papers at each state capital. "Theconstitution provides for catching runaway negroes, but itmakes no provision for informing free white men," thusleaving the press and the people in the hands of demagoguesand factions. The national bi-party paper was to "mitigatethe ferocity of party zeal," and protect the public fromlow ribaldry, sophistry, and abuse.Of course the Statesman did not "succeed," and it wasdiscontinued at the end of one year; but it is significant,even in failure, as having thus early voiced a protest stillheard, and as having striven for an ideal still but partlyachieved."On July 17, 1843.

INTRODUCTIONIxxvThe free-soil movement in Illinois gave rise to a numberof newspapers between 1842 and 1854. The movementmay be said to have centered around the series of paperswhich included Genius of Universal Emancipation, Geniusof Liberty, and Free West, and which were fairly entitled tobe called the mouthpieces of the free-soil and abolitionmovement in the state. But by 1845 others had sprung up,and by 1848, when Van Buren was supported by an imposinglist of able and important papers, including the ChicagoTribune, free-soil organs were 70fairly numerous.On the breaking up of the Whig party a number of newspapers,like many individuals, found difficulty in placingthemselves. The Whigs, like the Democrats in Illinois,were divided in two factions. Many Whigs felt that if theywere to remain true to their principles, they could not cordiallyunite with any party then in existence; 71 and manyfelt that no genuine Whig could join a party founded on the70Liberty and Free-Soil papers in Illinois are enumerated as follows by Mr. T.C. Smith in his "Liberty and Free-Soil Parties in the North-west" (Appendix B,p. 320):1837 Alton, Observer E. P. Lovejoy1838-39 Lowell, Genius of Universal Emancipation1840-42 Lowell, Genius of Liberty B. LundyZ. Eastman1842-54 Chicago, Western Citizen (with a daily edition, the DailyNews, 1845; and another, the Daily Times, 1852) Z. Eastman1848 Chicago, Tribune T. Stewart1848 Waukegan, Lake County Chronicle A. B. Tobey1848-50 Rockford, Free Press H. W. DePuy1849 Waukegan, Free Democrat N. W. Fuller1850-54 Sparta, Freeman (later, Journal) I. S. Coulter1853-54 Galesburg, Western Freeman W. LaneJ.Other names are those of the Alton Monitor, Geneva Western Mercury, PrincetonBureau Advocate, Quincy Tribune, and Peru Telegraph, all in 1848. There wasone German paper, the Chicago Staats-Zeitung, 1848, and one Norwegian FrihetsBanneret, 1852. There were probably many other ephemeral i-'ree-Soil sheets in1848; but their activity was so brief that they sank at once into oblivion, along withthe pledges of the Illinois " Barnburners."To Smith's list may be added the Belleville Freiheitsbote fur Illinois, 1840;Alton Truth-Seeker, 1845-46; Elgin Western Christian, 1845; Little Fort LakeCounty Visiter, 1847; Greenville Barnburner, 1849;1854; and Waukegan Freeman's Advocate, 1854-55.Galesburg Free Democrat,71Ormsby, History of the Whig Party, 354.

IxxviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSslavery question. 72Because of the unusual lack of homogeneityin the state, coalition of free Whigsand free Democratswas considerably retarded.In spite of the popular revolt against Douglas and hisbill, neither the free Democrats nor the free Whigs soonseized the opportunity to lead in forming a coalition party,and the free Democrats finally played comparativelylittlepart in the Republican movement in Illinois. 73 When theNebraska bill was passed the Democratic Chicago Courantdeclared: "The politicallandmarks can no longer be Whigor Democratic, Free- Soil or Abolitionist, but must be mergedinto the two great parties, South and North."In certain localities the free Democrats indicated readinessto form a new party, and a call was issued for a conventionin Springfield on October 4 and 5. The meetingproved fruitless, however, and "in this campaign, therefore,the Illinois Free Democrats lost their identity as a party,"74as well as their opportunity to assume leadership in forminga new one.The Illinois Whigs were extremely conservative.Whilethe formation of state Republican organizations in Michigan,Wisconsin, and elsewhere was going on in 1854, the IllinoisState Journal advised against abandoning the Whig organization,and its advice was followed. 75 Hence Illinois hadno Republican organization in 1854, although the de-local conventions at Princetonmand for one was voiced byand elsewhere which declared in favor of organizing.Twoyears later, in the absence of any party machinery, a71Ormsby, History oj the Whig Party, 358.73T. C. Smith, Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Northwest, 290, 294, 295.74 Ibid.76 F. A. Flower, History 0} the Republican Party, 206.

INTRODUCTIONIxxviinumber of anti-Nebraska editors of the state held a preliminaryconvention at Decatur on February 22, 1856.Early in January there had appeared in the MorganJournal of Jacksonville, edited by Paul Selby, a suggestionfor the holding of such a convention to agree on a policy forthe approaching campaign. John Moses printed in theChronicle of Winchester the first endorsement of the idea;the Illinois State Chronicle of Decatur followed, and suggestedDecatur as the meeting place. After some furtherratification a formal call was issued, bearing the endorsementsof twenty-five papers:Morgan Journal, JacksonvilleChronicle, WinchesterIllinois State Chronicle, DecaturWhig, QuincyPike County Free Press, PittsfieldGazette, LaconTribune, ChicagoStaats Zeitung, ChicagoRepublican, OquawkaRepublican, PeoriaPrairie State, DanvilleAdvertiser, Rock IslandJournal, SpartaFultonian, VermontJournal, QuincyBeacon, FreeportPantagraph, BloomingtonTrue Democrat, JolietTelegraph, LockportGazette, KankakeeGuardian, AuroraGazette, WaukeganChronicle, PeoriaAdvocate, BellevilleJournal, ChicagoAs a result of this call a dozen persons were present atthe opening meeting, including Dr. Charles H. Ray, ChicagoTribune; George Schneider, Chicago Staats Zeitung; V. Y.Ralston, Quincy Whig; O. P. Wharton, Rock Island Advertiser;Thomas J. Pickett, Peoria Republican,' E. C. Daugherty,Rockford Register; E. W. Blaisdell, Rockford Republican;Charles Faxon, Princeton Post; A. N. Ford, LaconGazette; B. F. Shaw, Dixon Telegraph; W. J. Usrey, DecaturChronicle; Paul Selby, Morgan Journal. Paul Selby

IxxviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSwas made chairman and W. J. Usrey, secretary. The onlyoutsider admitted to the deliberations of the convention wasAbraham Lincoln, who was in conference nearly allday withthe committee on resolutions, made up of Messrs. Ray,Schneider, Ralston, Wharton, Daugherty, and Pickett.This committee drafted a platform and appointed a statecentral committee, on the call of which the firstRepublicanstate convention in Illinois was held at Bloomington, May29, i8 765 6.The great series of debates between Lincoln and Douglas,and the other political movements centering in these twomen and leading to the nomination of Lincoln at Chicago,make the Illinois newspapers between 1856 and 1860 importantsources of the history of a most critical national era.Through the newspapers have been preserved most of thespeeches made by Lincoln all over the state hi those years;yet the instances are many in which the papers reported indetail the reception of Lincoln, the procession tothe fairgrounds,the menu of the picnic dinner, and recounted theincident in which Lincoln insisted on yielding his seat ofhonor to some humble admirer, but gave no word of hisaddress except to mention for how many minutes or hourshe spoke. This is true even of some of that large classmade up of first papers to suggest Abraham Lincoln for thepresidency.Nothing short of a history of political parties in Illinoiswould serve to present the situation in the state between1854 and the war. Nor is it possible to set forth in detailthe way in which the newspapers reflected the shaping ofpolitical affairs. In general it may be said, however, that76This account of the Decatur and Bloomington meetings is based on a letterdated January 2, 1910, from Mr. Paul Selby to the writer, and on Mr. Selby'sarticle in the Chicago Tribune of February 22, 1906.

INTRODUCTIONIxxixin Illinois Whig papers became Republican, and Democraticpapers, less generally, remained Democratic. 77 Inthe border statesmany Whig papers became Democratic,including the St. Louis Republican, which circulated largelyin southern Illinois, and the Louisville, Kentucky, Journal.There were some such changes in Illinois. The JacksonvilleSentinel changed from Whig to Democratic in 1856;the Knoxville Journal and Clinton Courier, formerly Independent,became Democratic in 1855, the Decatur Gazettemade the same change in 1856, the Pana Herald in 1858;and the Pekin Tazewell Register, which had been Republican,altered to Democratic in the same year, as did thePeoria Transcript in 1859. On the other hand, the breachin the Democratic ranks, especially in the northern part ofthe state, was more marked. The Galena Jeffersonian,then under the editorship of Dr. Charles H. Ray, afterwardseditor of the Chicago Tribune, took strong ground againstthe Kansas-Nebraska bill, thoughit afterward drifted backinto the ranks of the Douglas Democracy. But manystaunch Democratic papers revolted at that measure. Eventhe Southern Illinoisan, of Shawneetown, left Douglas onthat point, and became Republican. Likewise the AuroraGuardian, Belvidere Standard, Peoria Banner, Canton Register,Belleville Advocate, and the influential German paper,Belleville Zeitung, altered their affiliations between 185671The situation in 1856 is thus described by Gustav Koerner: "Nearly allprominent Northern Democrats had joined the Republican party, as well as a greatmajority of the former Whigs. Nearly all the leading papers, advocated the Republicanticket, the Chicago Tribune, the Evening Journal, the German Staats Zeitung.In the middle of the state it was quite different. A great many of the Whigs, whohad come from the Southern states, turned Democrats on the slavery question. Itwas only in a few counties [in the southern part] such as Madison, and above allSt. Claii, that the large majority of the Democrats joined the Republican party,and this was largely owing to the preponderance of the German Thevote.^most southern part of the state was almost unanimous against the Republicans."Memoirs, II, 22.

INTRODUCTIONIxxxiruined, saw that journal help to swell the increasing tide ofsubscriptions to a height hardly thought of before. The warput the Chicago newspapers for the first time on a reallymoney-making basis. Those outside of Chicago, locatedin the larger towns and sufficiently well established to takeadvantage of the desire for immediate news in detail,werealso given a fresh impetus.There were few dailies in the state outside of Chicago,and none of them could compete with those of that city andSt. Louis in furnishing news from the front and from Washington.We had no daily here till" 791866," writes a citizenof Jacksonville, "so our people got the State Journal orRegister for breakfast, the St. Louis papers for dinner, atone time, and the Chicago papers for supper." The Chicagoand St. Louis papers gained at that time a circulationall over the state which they have never lost. Yet the largerdailies throughout the state held their own, and receivedtheir share of prosperity.Smaller papers, or papers in the smaller towns not ableto get telegraphic news, or not favorably situated for receivingnews promptly from other sources,suffered both from thecompetition of papers of the larger towns and from the greatrise in the price of paper, which came as a direct result ofwar.The numerical status of newspapers in the state wasseriously affected. The two causes just mentioned, andothers, operated to decrease the number of papers, and asa result, we find a situation of unexampled prosperity on theone hand, and of poverty, decline, and extinction on theother. Beginning with 1861 there was a sharp79Mr. Ensley Moore.decline in

IxxxiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSthe annual number of papers started. From 1854to 1860inclusive there was no year in which fewer than thirty-sixwere begun in the state outside of Chicago. In 1859 andin 1860 the number was forty-four. In 1861 just half asmany appeared, and the three following years showedeighteen, twenty-six, and thirty-three respectively. Notuntil 1865, with forty-five new papers, did the rate of increasereach normal.In the towns outside of Chicago a notableexception to this general depression was Cairo, which, asan important troop station and a gateway to the south, sawits greatest newspaper activity between 1861 and 1865.All told, one hundred and forty-four downstate paperswere started in the war years. In the same years a totalof one hundred and fifty-five papers went out of businesspermanently or were suspended until after the war, so thatat the close of 1865, in spite of the forty-five started in thatyear,there were fewer in the state than at the beginningof1 86 1.Many were abandoned by their editors or publishers,who went into the army; others, by the same means left inincompetent hands, soon failed. No inconsiderable numberhad taken so vigorous a stand on the losing side that theycould neither hold their own against or follow the turningtide of public sympathy. This was especially true in thesouthern part of the state, where public opinion was powerfullyinfluenced by the conduct of John A. Logan and JohnA. McClernand. Some of these Democratic papers becameRepublican; more stayed in the party, but advocatedthe Union cause; a considerable number were unable toconvince their subscribers that a newspaper, like an individual,may in all sincerity change its fealty,and so weresnuffed out; still others steadfastly held to their earlierprinciples, but expounded them moderately.

INTRODUCTIONIxxxiiiForcible discontinuance or interruption was the lot ofat least eight papers as a direct result of radical expressionsof opinion. Papers at Bloomington, Chester, Chicago,Jonesboro, Maroa, Mason, Mendota, and Olney wereattacked by mobs or authorities, and in some cases the plantswere destroyed. The attempt of General Burnside to suppressthe Chicago Times is the most important instance inIllinois of official action against newspapers in the excitingdays of civil conflict.After the proclamation of emancipation had been issuedthe Times was so bitter in its denunciation of the administrationthat the paper soon earned the designation of "copperheadsheet," and aroused an intense hostility againstitand its owner. General Ambrose E. Burnside, in commandof the Department of the Northwest, with headquarters atCincinnati, issued an order for the suppression of the Times,and the commander at Camp Douglas was charged with theexecution of the order. On the morning of June 3, 1863,soldiers marched into the press-room and took possessionof the establishment. About eight thousand papers hadbeen printed, a part of which were destroyed, but the largerpart of which were issued. No edition was permitted onJune 4. A great mass meeting was held in the CourthouseSquare on the evening of June 3, in advocacy of freespeech and a free press.A meeting was also held during theday in the circuit court room, at which a petition to thePresident to revoke the order was signed by all present, includingmany prominent Republicans and business men;and Senator Lyman Trumbull and Isaac N. Arnold telegraphedpersonally to Mr. Lincoln to the same effect. Theorder was revoked June 4, and publication was resumedon June 5.The policy of the Times was not changed;

IxxxivILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSits circulation, as General Grant had foreseen, was augmentedbyofficial interference. 80The first downstate paper to encounter opposition byforce was the Mendota Times, established in 1859 by a Mr.Fisk as a Democratic and pro-slavery sheet. Early in 1861Fisk was declared to be a copperhead and was forced by arecruiting company to make a speech for the Union and tohaul up a Union flag. Threatened with worse treatment, he80Andreas, History of Chicago, Vol. 2, p. 495 ; Rhodes, IV, 253-254.The action of General Burnside, although at once revoked by President Lincoln,was by no means precipitate; and it was in accord, in spirit at least, with thefeeling of many other officials, both civil and military. As early as June 25, 1862,Governor Morton of Indiana wrote to Secretary of War Stanton of an organizationof disaffected citizens in Indiana who he believed were likely to cause trouble bycarrying out their purpose to circulate and encourage "newspapers of extremelydoubtful loyalty," including the Chicago Times. On August 7, 1862, GovernorYates wrote to Secretary Stanton: "There is an urgent and almost unanimousdemand from the loyal citizens that the Chicago Times should be immediatelysuppressed for giving aid and comfort to the enemy. I solicit an immediate answer.Do not delay, for I fear the people will take into their hands the power which shouldonly be used under the authority of your department."Major Generals C. S. Hamilton and Stephen A. Hurlbut on February 8, 1863,issued orders prohibiting the circulation of the Chicago Times in their commands.General Grant, writing to Hurlbut February 13, 1863, concerning this order, expressedwhat was probably the general feeling of Union army officers on the subject:" I have seen your General Orders, No. 4, February 8, prohibiting the circulationof the Chicago Times within your command. There is no doubt but that paper,with several others published in the North, should have been suppressed long sinceby authority from Washington. As this has not been done, I doubt the proprietyof suppressing its circulation in any one command. The paper would still' find ^sway into the hands of the enemy, through other channels, and do all the mischiefit is now" doing.This course is also calculated to give the paper a notoriety evidently sought,and which probably would increase the sale of it. I would direct, therefore, thatGeneral Orders, No. 4, be revoked."The order of Major General Burnside (General Orders No. 84) was issued onJune i, 1863, to prohibit the circulation of the New York World in the Departmentof the Ohio, and to stop the publication of the Times. That part relating to theChicago paper was worded:"On account of the repeated expression of disloyal and incendiary sentiments,the publication of the newspaper known as the Chicago Times is hereby suppressed."Brigadier General Jacob Ammen, commanding the District of Illinois was chargedwith executing that order.On June 4 Secretary Stanton issued General Order No. 91, directed to GeneralBurnside: "By direction of the President of the United States, the order suppressingthe publication of the Chicago Times is hereby revoked." This order ofrevocation was issued in response very largely to the resolutions sent on June 3, fromChicago, signed by fourteen prominent citizens, including Mayor F. C. Sherman,

INTRODUCTIONkxxvsoon abandoned his paper and disappeared. 81 The nextpaper to suffer was the Bloomington Times, which underthe care of J. and B. F. Snow showed such marked Southernproclivities and uttered so many expressions of sympathyfor the Southern states that a McLean County regiment(94th Illinois Volunteers), abetted by prominent citizens,destroyed the office, type, and press and incidentally thepaper. This occurred in August, 1862. 82 A temporarysuppression without violence or material damage was enforcedagainst the Jonesboro Gazette in the spring of 1863.Lieutenant- Colonel Joseph H. Newbold was sent to Jonesborowith a part of the i4th Iowa Volunteer Infantry toand "endorsed : We respectfully ask for the above [resolutions] the serious andprompt consideration of the President.Lyman Trumbull,Isaac M. Arnold."President Lincoln's attitude is explained and other points are suggested by aletter from the President to Arnold, dated May 25, 1865:"In regard to the order of General Burnside suspending the Chicago Times,now nearly a year ago, I can only say I was embarrassed with the question betweenwhat was due to the military service on the one hand, and the liberty of the presson the other, and I believe it was the despatch of Senator Trumbull and yourself,added to the proceedings of the meeting which itbrought me, that turned the scalein favor of my revoking the order." I am far from certain to-day that the revocation was not right and I am; verysure that the small part you took in it is no just ground to disparage your judgment,much less to impugn your motives. I take it that your devotion to the Union andthe administration cannot be questioned by any sincere man." Nicolay and Hay,Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, X, 108.Whether this letter indicates such feeling or not, there was much feeling thata mistake had been made in allowing the Times to continue publication. Thisview was forcibly expressed by the Chicago Tribune and many other papers.Reviewing, in his final report, his work as Acting Assistant Provost MarshalGeneral in Illinois, James Oakes wrote, August 9, 1865:" But the grand cause the only really guilty and formidable source of thedangers through which Illinois has passed is to be found in the steady streamsof political poison and arrant treason which have been permitted to flow from thewicked, reckless, and debauched newspaper press of the state"... Chief among these instigators of insurrection and treason, the foul anddamnable reservoir which supplied the lesser sewers with political filth, falsehood,and treason, has been the Chicago Times."For official communications here cited, see Official Records, War o) the Rebellion,Ser. I, Vol. 23, pp. 381, 385, 386; Vol. 24, pp. 41, 50; Ser. Ill, Vol. 3, p. 252; Vol.5, pp. 837, 838.81History of LaSalle County, Illinois (2 vols., Chi., 1886), I, 375.82History of McLean County, Illinois (Chicago, 1879), p. 298.

IxxxviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSgather up and return to the service a number of desertersfrom the icgth Illinois who had returned to their homes.His work was seriously impeded by the radical utterancesof the Gazette, which, like a majority of its constituents,was bitterly against the war. Consequently he closed theoffice during the six weeks of his stay. Colonel Newboldso conducted himself, however, as to make many warmfriends, and helped materially to change local sentimenttoward the Government. As a resident of Jonesboro, stillliving, has written, "the episode turned out very well."The Loyalist, an extreme advocate of abolitionism, wasestablished by George Brewster at Mason, EffinghamCounty, in April, 1863. His radical utterances caused bitterfeeling, and in nine months resulted in his being forced toleave. He was allowed to remove his establishment. ThePicket Guard of Chester suffered more severely on the otherside. John R. Shannon, the editor, found fault vituperativelywith the measures adopted to suppress the rebellion.He became so extremely abusive that a body of soldiersbroke into the office in July, 1864, and threw the type intothe streets. The press was not seriously injured, and theoffice was refitted. 83 At Olney the Democratic press waswas dis-broken up by a mob of soldiers and its publicationcontinued. A similar explosion of wrath at Maroa hungfire until 1867. There one T. J. Sharp began a DemocraticTimes, in January. His published expressions of discontentwith the results of the war brought him into collision withvarious citizens, by whom he was badly beaten on Novemberalso his27 and ordered to leave town. He did so, leavingprinting equipment. 84Other papers than these mentioned83History of Randolph, Monroe, and Perry Counties, Illinois (1883), p. 197.84 Counties of Cumberland, Jasper, and Richland, Illinois, Historical andBiographical (1884), p. 658.

INTRODUCTIONkxxviiescaped similar treatment by temporary suspensions or bychange of editors or policies.Several instances of threatened violence to editors ortheir establishments which occurred previous to this timeare mentioned here for want of a better place. The earliest,probably, was that in Vandalia in February, 1823, whichhas already been discussed. 85 The Illinois Republican atSpringfield, an energetic Democratic paper to which StephenA. Douglas as a young man was a contributor, was, in 1837,twice attacked by a mob, of which the sheriff of the countywas a member. The mob was prevented from doing destructiononly by the vigorous defense offered by the Webers,88owners of the property. In June, 1841, Ogle County"regulators" shot to death John and William Driscoll, twonotorious horsethieves and outlaws. Philander Knappen,editor of the Rockford Star, denounced the execution editoriallyand printed a communication of similar import.Soon afterward three citizens, with the approval of publicopinion, made pi of all type in the office.Knappen abandonedjournalism in Rockford.The destruction of the office equipment of the NauvooExpositor, though the result of a factional disturbanceamong the Mormons, and not connected with any general85 See p. xlvii, note.84 A bit of the reminiscences of an old settler, published in 1871 and quoted inHistory of Sangamon County, Illinois (1881), pp. 225-224:In 1837 Dr. Henry was one of the commissioners superintending the constructionof the new State House in Springfield and a frequent contributor to the SangamoJournal. Stephen A. Douglas was at the same time writing for the Illinois Republicanand in several anonymous articles he attacked Dr. Henry and his official work.A committee of friends of Henry called upon the editor of the Journal to demandthe name of the author, but the editor dispersed them with a vigorous use of hisfists.Douglas, who witnessed the affair, wrote a highly colored account which thepaper published. As a result the office was attacked by a mob, led by the sheriff,on two successive days, June 27 and 28, 1837, but the proprietors, with Douglasand other friends, beat them off. The sheriff was stabbed in the fray on the secondday, fainted, and was carried home. That ended the riots. "These things gavenotoriety to the paper."

IxxxviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSstress of public opinion, was a part of the lawlessness thatresulted in the death of Joseph and Hyrum Smith. In 1844the despotism of Joseph Smith, leader of the Mormons inHancock County, with Nauvoo as their holy city,becamewhounbearable to a considerable number of his followers,revolted. In order to publish the causes of their revolt andto disclose the iniquities of Smith and his Danite band andother new ecclesiasticalinventions,newspaper, the Nauvoo Expositor.these men established aThe first and only issueappeared Friday, June 7, 1844. It was published by WilliamLaw, Wilson Law, Charles Ivins, Francis M. Higbee,Chauncey L. Higbee, Robert D. Foster, and Charles A.and contains theFoster, with Sylvester Emmons as editor,preamble, resolutions, and affidavits of the seceders fromthe church at Nauvoo. On June 10 the city councildeclared the Expositor a nuisance and directed the mayorto have the establishment removed, which he did. 87 Forthis destructive act Joseph Smith and sixteen others were,after a week's delay, arrested on a charge of riot. "After along and close examination they were all discharged." 88In the meantime the dissenting publishers of the Expositor,which Smith'sapparently not awaiting the pretty farce bymayor and magistrate gave a resemblance of legal consider-87The order of removal was worded thus :You are hereby commanded to destroy the printing press from whence issuesthe Nauvoo Expositor and pi the type of said printing establishment in the street,and burn all the Expositors and libelous handbills found in said establishment,and if resistance be offered to your execution of this order, by the owners or others,demolish the house, and ifany one threatens you, or the mayor, or the officers ofthe city, arrest those who threaten you, and fail not to execute this order withoutdelay, and make due return hereon. By order of the City Council,Joseph Smith, Mayor.In a proclamation printed in the same issue of the Neighbor, Smith deemed thepaper filthy and pestilential, and its publishers a set of unprincipled scoundrels,blacklegs, counterfeiters, debauchees, and villainous demagogues.88Nauvoo Neighbor, June 19, 1844.

INTRODUCTIONkxxixation and approval to the acts destroying the paper, hadtaken themselves safely away.Smith's paper records theirflight by noting that the persons concerned in the Expositorhave all left Nauvoo, and that the guilty fleeth when no manpursueth. 89The war played an important part not only in the changesthat came in the character, number, and circulation ofpapers; it was more or less directly the cause of three importantitems in the development of the machinery of newsgatheringand newspaper making. These were the inventionsof the patent inside, the organization of the businessthat became the Western News Company, and the formationof the Western Associated Press.In July, 1 86 1,A. N. Kellogg, publisher of the Baraboo,Wisconsin, Republic, finding that in consequence of theenlistment of his patriotic journeymen he would be unableto issue a full sheet on the regular day, ordered of the DailyJournal office at Madison a number of half-sheet supplementsprinted on both sides with war news to fold withhis own half-sheets. While mailing his edition it occurredto him that if the awkward fact of his paper's being intwo pieces could be obviated an excellent paper couldbe regularly issued with a decided saving of labor andexpense. As a consequence, he issued, on July 12, 1861,the first sheet with " patent inside." The idea was at oncetaken up by the Madison Journal, then by the MilwaukeeWisconsin, and in August, 1865, by Mr. Kellogg himself inChicago. G. F. Kimball of the Belleville Advocate beganto print insides in i866. 90 By 1880 twenty-one establishmentswere supplying 3,238 papers, most of them in the89Nauvoo Neighbor, June 19, 1844.80 Geo. P. Rowell, The Men Who Advertise, (N. Y., 1870), pp. 206-207.

xcILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSwestern states.Although the idea originated in Wisconsinand has been developed in all parts of the country, Kelloggand Chicago have remained the center of the industry,which has grown to enormous size.As Chicago was the center of the patent inside industry,it was natural that Illinois newspapers should make moregeneral use of the idea than those of other states. Theeffect was not marked in the first few years, but by the laterseventies nearly one-half of the smaller country weeklieswere "co-operative," to use the word by which such paperswere designated in the newspaper directories. Many ofthem, no doubt, would not have been established had notthis invention greatly reduced the cost of production.The Western News Company grew out of the system organizedby a young and energetic Chicago newsdealer, JohnR. Walsh, to build up a business on the increased demand forprompt delivery of newspapers and periodicals due to thewar excitement. The system that now distributes nearlyall of the copies of the larger papers in the country was begunby James Gordon Bennett, with the New York Herald, in1835. Out of his idea grew the American News Companyand rivals, most of which were absorbed. Until 1861 thebusiness of distributing not only New York, but Chicagopapers was carried on by that company with headquartersin New York City. In that year, however, Walsh opened anews depot in Chicago to capture the business of the middlewest, and commenced to supply the outlying towns ofIllinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa. Newsdealersin those states soon found that they could get their newspapersfrom Walsh twelve hours earlier than from theAmerican News Company, and twenty-four hours earlierthan 91by mail. Walsh soon had all of the business, and kept91Andreas, History of Chicago, II, 500-501.

INTRODUCTIONxciitthroughout the war. By this time he was distributing92one-half of the total issue of the Tribune and the Times,fullyThis competition led to negotiations which resulted, in 1866,in the absorption of his business by the older company, ofwhich it became the first branch, with Walsh as manager.The war had brought prosperity to the Chicago papers,and had shown very clearly the need, in that news center,of a press association which would do for the Chicago andother middle western papers what the American NewsAssociation was doing for those of New York. On theinitiative largely of Joseph Medill, of the Chicago Tribune,a meeting was held at Louisville,22 and 23, 1865, at which the Western Associated Press wasKentucky, on Novemberheldwith the Newformed. Horace White, managing editor of the Tribune,was made a member of the executive committee.The forming of this association not only meant co-operativeuse of telegraph news among the papers thatmembership, but, also through co-operationYork Association, it greatly broadened, at a minimum cost,the news resources of both the western and the easternpapers. Without such associations the telegraph wouldnever have been able to keep pace with the demands of thepress, and the telegraphic news service of anything like thescope attained even by 1870 would have been possible onlyfor the largest and wealthiest papers. The effect of thisorganization and its successor, the Associated Press, uponthe number of papers fully equipped with news service,particularly the daily papers, of course, is not to be overlooked.One direct result was to make a close corporationof the newspapers already existing in any particular place,and to render italmost impossible to start a new newspapern Hudson, History of Journalism, 204.

xciiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSthat could compete with them, inasmuch as the newspapercould not get the Associated Press dispatches without theirconsent." 3Immediately following the close of the war there was aserious decline in newspaper prosperity. The number ofpapers started year by year at this time increases, but thefigures do not signify healthy growth. The Chicago papersdeclined in circulation to a point not much beyond that of1 86 1, and never fully regained their circulation until afterthe fire. The papers of the larger towns, owing to improvedtelegraphic service, the rapid growth of the towns, and othercauses, did not suffer severely. The country press, on thewhole, however, began then a decline in quality that hascontinued to a large extent to the present time. Thatdecline is not quantitative ;it does not include many of thedaily papers, nor by any means all of the country weekliesin the state. But the increasing encroachment of the dailiesof Chicago and the other larger cities of the state have takenaway much of the prosperity and the influence of a largeof which hasproportion of the country press,the qualityconsequently declined.In spite of the various causes that operated against thethere was anewspapers between 1860 and 1870, however,remarkable increase in their number. The census returnsfor 1860 show a total, of all classes, of 286, of which twentythreewere dailies, six tri- weeklies, two semi- weeklies, 238weeklies, and seventeen monthlies. 94By 1870 these figureshad grown to thirty-nine dailies, ten tri-weeklies, four semiweeklies,364 weeklies, eleven semi-monthlies, seventy-twomonthlies, and three quarterlies a total of 505, a remarkable83Andreas, History of Chicago, III, 706.94Kenney, in his American Newspaper Directory and Record of records 453 papers in Illinois in 1861, but his list is grossly inaccurate.the Press,

INTRODUCTION .xciiiincrease over the 286 in 1860. Perhaps the most noticeablefeatures of this comparison are the slight increase in dailiesand the great increase in monthlies. The actual numericalincrease in dailies between 1850 and 1860 was less by onlyone paper than that between 1860 and 1870. The additionalmonthly publications, largely in Chicago, were oneof the indications of the growing importance of that city asa publishing center.FROM 1871 TO 1879The very bulk of the issue of the newspaper and periodicalpress in the last decade to be considered makes impossiblehere a treatment much more than merelystatistical. Thiswas a time of great numerical increase;itcomprehends thegreat Chicago fire of October, 1871 ;the dismal year of 1876,perhaps the worst in the whole history of Illinois newspapers ;the rise of the daily to great importance; and the growthof the Chicago press into " truly metropolitan" proportions.The whole list for 951870 was 50 5.The following decademore than doubled that, showing in 1880 a total of 1,017,divided into seventy-four dailies, six tri-weeklies, seventeensemi-weeklies, 758 weeklies, eighteen semi-monthlies, 118monthlies, and twenty-two quarterlies. The number ofpapers in the state each year of this decade is shown byRowell's 98newspaper directory to have been as follows:1870, 422; 1871, 499; 1872, 518; 1873, 544; 1874, 588;1875, 642; 1876, 707; 1877, 709; 1878, 716; 1879, 732;1880, 832. It will be noticed that 1877had but two more95The totals include a few semi-annual and annual publications of which nonote is taken in the analysis.**In comparing these figures with those of the census reports bear in mind thatRowell's figures are made up at least six months earlier than the census figures.Rowell's number for 1871, for instance, is really for 1870.

xcivILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSpapers than 1876. In the United States as a whole therewere one hundred and seventy-one fewer newspapers at thebeginning of 1877 than there were one year earlier. "It isapparent," wrote Rowell's editor in 1877, "that the lasttwelve months have, in a financial sense, been unusuallyunsatisfactory to newspaper publishers. Partly by reasonof the excitements and hopes incidental to a national electionof an unaccustomed order, a sufficient number of newspapershave come into being to have maintained the totalnumber reported in 1876, had there not been, in additionto the eventual suspension of many of the newspapers, alsoan unusual mortality among those already established.Journalistic prosperity, however, is not to be judged by thenumber of papers that are established within a given period,but by the number that maintain their existence; and thecentennial year has undeniably been one of extended pecuniaryoppression among the men that publish papers."This "pecuniary oppression" seems to have dwelt mostheavily on the dailies,which were reduced in number fromfifty in 1876 to forty-seven in 1877.The Chicago publishing equipment was almost totallydestroyed by the fire of October 9-12, 1871, in which everynewspaper establishment was burned out. Yet the largerdaily papers all appeared, in small sheets, within forty-eighthours. The Journal issued an extra, a small three-columnsheet printed on one side, on October 9; the issue ofOctober 10, printed at a small job office that had beenspared by the flames, announced that the Evening Postwould be issued that day, and that the Tribune would beissued on the next, October n. The Inter-Ocean got outa number on October 10; the Republican and the Mailappeared on the i2th. No important daily paper suspended

INTRODUCTIONxcvthe number of publications in the citypublication permanently on account of the fire, but a numberof weekly and monthly periodicals were never revived.Others, especially several that had New York offices, weremoved to that city.As an early consequence pf the fire,therefore,was considerablyreduced. But those that remained partook ofthe great revival of the city as a whole ;out of the ashes grewthe great and real prosperity of the Chicago dailies, and ofthe Chicago press in general.The increase in the daily press in this decade isimportantnumerically. The totals for each year are:Outside of Chicago Chicago 97 Total1870 23 10 331871 26 12 381872 25 II 361873 26 ii 371874 25 ii 361875 28 ii 391876 36 14 501877 32 15 471878 35 15 501879 42 12 541880 52 15 67 98The slow growth of daily newspapers until toward theend of the period contrasts sharply with their rapid increaselater. In fact, the close of the decade marks the real beginningof their most rapid growth in the state at large.This growth is naturally affected directly by the increase ofpopulation in the towns. The minimum population onwhich a daily can be supported was once set by HoraceGreeley at about ten thousand, but at the time he gave that87 Includes daily market reports, etc.98Census Report shows 74 a few months later.

xcviILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONStestimony there were papers in this country supported bycommunities of less than half that size. Since that time thenumber has considerably decreased, so far as the town ofpublication is concerned; but taken in connection with therural population upon which the small dalies have comemore and more to depend, the decrease has been slight.Atpresent, indeed, it is apparently increasing, rather thandiminishing. The relation of population to daily papers inIllinois in 1880 was shown by the census report as follows:DAILY NEWSPAPERS AND POPULATION IN l88oNumber ofLocation Population DailiesAdams County 59, J35Quincy 27,268 4Alexander County 14,808Cairo 9,01 1 3Coles County 27,042Mattoon 5,737 iCook County 607,524Chicago 53, l8 5 l8Dekalb County 26,768Sycamore 3, 2 8 *Hancock County 35337Warsaw 3,i5*Jo Daviess County 27,528Galena 6,451 iKane County 44,939Aurora JI ,8 73 2Elgin 8,787 2Knox County 38,344Galesburg 1 1,437 2LaSalle County 7,43Ottawa 7,834 2Logan County 25,037Lincoln 5,639 2

INTRODUCTIONxcviiNumber ofLocation Population DailiesMcLean County 60,100Bloomington 17,180 2Macon County 30,665Decatur 9>547 2Madison County 50,126Alton 8,975 2Morgan County3*>5i4Jacksonville IO >92 7 IPeoria County 55>355Peoria 2 9; 2 59 6Rock Island County 38,302Moline 7,800iRock Island n>6592St. Clair County 66,806Belleville 1 0,683 3Sangamon County5^894Springfield i9>743 4Stephenson County3^963Freeport 8,516 2Vermillion County 41,588Danville 7,733 3Will County 53,4 22Joliet 11,657 4Winnebago County 3,55Rockford J 3> 12 9 374The daily papers of the state have shown a tendencysteadily toward afternoon rather than morning issues.That tendencyfirst took definite form in this decade between1871 and 1880. At the beginning of it,the numbersof morning and afternoon issues in the state were almostequal. Of the forty- two downstate dailies in 1878, thirteenwere morning and twenty-nine were evening. In Chicago,

xcviiiILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSeight were morning and four were evening. The tendency89in the smaller cities has continued toward evening papers.This isdoubtless due to the growth and the improved distributingfacilities of the Chicago and St. Louis morningpapers, and to the cheap "pony" news service offered bythe Scripps-McRae, and, later, the United Press Associations,as well as others that have been organized since 1900.On the other hand, since 1900 there has been an increasein the number and importance of downstate morning dailies.This increase has come from cities which have become largeenough to support papers holding Associated Press franchises.These papers are, as afternoon papers are not, ableto compete with the Chicago papers, and will doubtless be anincreasingly important feature of Illinois journalism as thenumber of larger cities in the state isaugmented. At thesame time the situation iscomplicated by the help beingrendered the afternoon papers by more efficient telegraphicnews service, and by the greatly increasing importance ofand the in-the telephone as an ally of the afternoon press.The lower price that came with the general introductionof wood-pulp in the manufacture of paper,creased activity in the patent-inside industry helped upwardthe figures of both daily and weekly papers. The declinein the quality of many of the country weeklies, mentionedin the next preceding section, was remarkable in this lastdecade.This came with the more general use of the patent99The increase in the number of papers, by decades, 1880 to 1900, is shown inthe following table :Mora- Even- Tri- Semi- Quar- Oth-Tota] Dailies ing ing W'kly W'kly Weekly Monthly terly ers1880 1017 74 30 44 6 17 758 118 21 231890 1241 121 44 77 2 20 858 182 29 29190 1548 197 44 iS3 4 7 2 i 8 2I 9 2 3 2 3For much similar statistical information covering this period 1880 to 1900,see Report I2lh U. S. Census, v. 9.

INTRODUCTIONxcixinside, which convenience was, by the later seventies, usedby nearly one-half of the weeklies in the smaller towns.The patent inside was chiefly used by papers newlystarting in business; but it has no doubt prolongedthe lifeof many a paper that would otherwise have suffered extinction,perhaps not in all cases undeserved. There wassomething to be said in favor of the patent inside ; more, ofcourse, before the development of the stereotyped platematter which has almost entirely superseded the earlierscheme of economy, than later. It supplied material oftenof a respectable quality which would otherwise have beenout of reach of the country editor. Matter of special interestand often of value to the country population was thus furnished;good fiction and less goodwas disseminated. Butgranting the patent inside full credit of economy, convenience,and respectability,it nevertheless lowered the quality of thecountry weekly. Up to the time of the Civil War, howeverviolent or crude the tone in many instances, the country presshad individuality of character, and in its own communitywas as real and definite a force as the great papers of the eraof personal journalism were in larger spheres. More thanhalf of the influence of the paper was dissipated when halfof itspages were filled and printed by "outsiders." It doesnot seem that this should necessarily have been true, for theeditor still had two pages at his command; but it was true,nevertheless. Many papers, indeed, keptaloof from thepatent inside, retained their individuality and theiradvertising space and have steadily improved, as thepress as a whole has improved; others have grown intodailies; still others, after more or less brief careers as "cooperatives,"have recovered their individuality, and becomeagain "all home print." But it must be recorded that in

cILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSthe years just following the war there beganclassof papers which, unlike many that precededin Illinois thatthe waror survived it, are of mere numerical importance in the storyof the Illinois press. That class grew and flourished mostnumerously in this period between 1870 and 1880.The numerical increase was fostered also by a usagedeveloped in this decade by which papers for small townsin surrounding territory were printed at a central Aoffice.typical instance is that of the Joliet Phoenix, which was thehome office of a brood of Phoenixes bearing date-lines ofLockport, Wilmington, Lemont, Braidwood, Peotone, andPlainfield. Such papers have at least three pages in common.A local editor supplies some news from each town, which,with the name, is all of the one paper that differs from all theothers.Another mechanical aid to the development of the newspaperindustry which was contributed byIllinois in thisperiod, was the folder, which made the web perfecting pressa possibility.The invention was made by Walter Scott,who was at that time foreman of the machinery departmentof the Chicago Inter-Ocean. The Bullock presses of theestablishment were promptly equipped with the new invention,and thus the Inter-Ocean was the firstpaper to beprinted on a perfecting press. 100The political aspect of the period will have to be passedentirely, except for a word concerning the Granger movementand the Greenback party, which stirred the press,usually the rural press, of the country in the late seventiesand early eighties.Perhaps a score of Illinois papers supported Greeley in1872, including such influential ones as the Chicago Tribuneloo j) yj Luskj Politics and Politicians of Illinois, 514.

INTRODUCTIONciand Belleville Zeitung. Of these a considerable numberthen became identified with the Granger movement ;within1873 and 1874 several new Granger and anti-monopolistpapers were started, but most of the supporters of thesecauses were recruits from the old parties. Such paperswere to be found at Macomb, Bloomington, Salem, Oregon,Decatur, Hillsboro, Woodstock, and elsewhere. Usuallythe Granger papers lasted but two years, some not so long,a few considerably longer. At least half of them had becomeGreenback before 1876, and, with others, brought to thein the state.support of Peter Cooper at least thirty papersSome of these had rather fantastic idiosyncrasies. TheUnicorn Greenback atBarry was written almost entirely inverse ;the Greenback Gazette at Chester was printed on greenpaper. There was a lull in Greenback journalism between1876 and 1878, but in the latter year and 1879 sixteen newpapers, and as many other recruits, together with those thathad survived from before the earlier campaign, gave Weaverthe support of forty papers in Illinois, including such as thePontiac Free Trader, Morgan Monitor of Jacksonville,Golden Era of McLeansboro, and New Era of Woodstockwhich were not originally Greenback. A considerable numberwere established to support that party, among whichwere Unicorn Greenback, Barry; Express and Sentinel,Chicago; National Era, Danville; Independent, Erie;Independent, Graf ton; Local Leader, Lexington; Herald,Milford; Beacon, Milton; Reformer, Morris; IndustrialTribune, Murphysboro; Legal Tender, Pekin; Observer,Petersburg; Greenback Post, Quincy; National Greenbackerand Telephone, Rochelle; Review, Roodhouse; Herald,Shelbyville; Industrial Banner, Yates City. The Greenbackparty thus brought into existence a number of papers,

diILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSnearly all short lived, and helped out of existence certainothers which became advocates of the fiat money idea.One more discharge of statistics, and the array of figureson the press in Illinois at the close of the sixty-five yearswith which this sketch has to do, will have been shown. Thethousand and seventeen papers in the state left few vicinitiesunprovided with "the source of American culture." Nocounty was without its paper. Twenty-eight towns hadfive or more ;twelve had four, thirty-seven had three, ninetythreehad two, and one hundred and seventy municipalitieswere supplied each with one newspaper.There were publications in six languages at that time,though previously eight tongues had been represented. TheBohemians had four, one of which was a daily; nine hundredand twenty, including sixty-three dailies,were printedin Engish; one was printed in French and two in Polish;there were nine dailies and sixty-one other papers in German,and one daily and nineteen others in the Scandinavianlanguages. In Chicago alone there were two hundredand eighty-nine newspapers and periodicals, comprised ofeighteen dailies, one hundred and thirty-eight weeklies,ninety-one monthlies, and forty-two of other periods ofpublication. On another basis of classification, these includedsixty-three devoted to news and politics, eight toagriculture, fifty-one to commerce and trade, one to finance,nine to literature,101thirty-three to religious purposes, and onehundred and twenty-four to a wide variety of interests, fromoriental archaeology to trap shooting.101 A total of 120 "periodicals with some sort of literary interest dominant intheir pages" were attempted in Chicago prior to 1880: twenty-seven in the forties,and fifties, forty-six from 1860 to 1871 inclusive, and forty-seven in the seventiesafter the fire. Of the whole number, forty continued for less than one year, andtwenty-two for one year only. Fewer than half, therefore, outlasted a year. HerbertE. Fleming, Literary Interests of Chicago, 112.

INTRODUCTIONciiiOf religious publications, four were Baptist, one Congregational,two Disciples, two Episcopal, one Jewish, threeLutheran, five Methodist, one Mormon, two Presbyterian,one Reformed, six Roman Catholic, one Adventist, oneSpiritualist,one Swedenborgian, one United Brethren, oneUnitarian, one Universalist, and fifteen non-sectarian.A retrospective glance over the threescore and five yearsbetween 1814, when the first little three-column paper wasstarted at Kaskaskia, and 1879, reveals but a few more thana thousand papersstillextant out of a total of about threethousand that have furnished forth their salutatories andtheir advertising rates. But a third of all those hopefullybegun have endured the " halcyon and vociferous". Thenewspaper press spread northward over the state like aprairie fire; like a fire it has often flared and smoked, andgone out; and one turns from the record of two thousandfailures with a feeling as of stepping among a residue ofscorched bones.Yet the successes have been more important than thefailures have been numerous, and these papers, living anddead, have played an active part in the lifeand growth ofthe commonwealth. Long before the close of this periodthere had grown up a number of strong and energeticjournals, some in every section of the state, upon which thehonor of the commonwealth rests secure. Ajournalisticsketch as brief as this is left incomplete because it is withouta more detailed account of the part these papers have playedin the growth of the state; and especially without somemore adequate reference to the men who have made thesepapers, and whose lives are the best part of the history ofthe Illinois press. A number of papers in the state havelong since passed the half-century mark ;men are still active

civILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSin journalism who began their labors before the Civil War,and one has died while this work was in preparation whoseconnection with Illinois newspapers began in 1848.Incomplete as it is, however, perhaps this survey mayserve to give some order and significance to the kaleidoscopicrecord which follows in the bibliography.

NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALSOF ILLINOIS ,1814-1879

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS, ETC.A Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.BCWithers Public Library, Bloomington, IllinoisChicago Public Library, Chicago, IllinoisD Boston Public Library, Boston, MassachusettsE American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, MassachusettsF New York State Library, AlbanyH Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, IllinoisJ John Crerar Library, Chicago, IllinoisLLenox Branch, New York Public Library, New York CityM Mercantile Library, St. Louis, MissouriNPSNewberry Library, Chicago, IllinoisPublic Library in the town in which the paper was publishedIllinois State Historical Library, SpringfieldU University of Illinois Library, Urbana, IllinoisW Wisconsin State Historical Library, MadisonThese letters, following the description of a paper, indicate thatcopies or files may be found in the corresponding libraries, the contentsof which are listed in this volume. The name of a town following suchdescription indicates that copies or files are to be found in the publiclibrary of that town.The papers of each town are arranged in the order in which theywere established, except that all papers in any series are grouped.For instance note under Albion, page 2, that Journal precedes Bumble-Bee, though established later. Under Chicago, papers established ineach year are arranged alphabetically, subject to the same exception.+ 1840 means that the paper was a continuation from a precedingname or location.1840+ means that the paper was continued under another nameor in another place.1860 to date (1875) means that the paper was still in existence atthe last report, in 1875, but that no later information has beenobtained.Unless otherwise noted, papers were issued weekly.The words Ayer, Rowell, Coggeshall, refer to newspaper directoriesissued by those men; Gerhard, to Illinois As it Is.Names of towns as parts of titles are omitted except whenneeded for clearness.

NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS OF ILLINOISABINGDON, KNOX COUNTY1814-1879MESSENGER, 1856-1858: Published by Chambers and White andedited by O. White.REPORTER, 1858-1862: Edited by C. C. Button.NONPAREIL, 1863: It was published by D. H. Elliott. (See Chapmanand Company's History 0} Knox County, p. 540.)EDUCATIONAL MAGAZINE, 1864-1865 : Published monthly by J. W.Butler in the interest of Abingdon College.PROGRESS, ( ?) ( ?) : Edited by E. E. Chesney.PRESS, 1868( ?) Conducted for only a few months by Ike Cotton.:KNOX COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1870-1876: Edited by W. H. Heaton.In 1876it was sold and merged into Knoxonian. UJOURNAL, June, 1870: Conducted by J. C. Chesney for only sevenweeks.LEADER, 1874-1875: Originally established at Monmouth byClarke, as Monmouth Leader. After his death it was conductedby S. J. Clarke and in 1874 moved to Abingdon, where hewith J. S. Badger established the Abingdon Leader. It livedabout a year.AMATEUR NEWS, 1874-1875: Edited by Charles K. Bassett.KNOXONIAN, 1875 ( ?) Conducted by Henry C. Allen. It was:published only six months in Abingdon, when the office wasmoved to Augusta, Illinois.T. S.EXPRESS, 1875: Edited by Frank L. Richey. It was notable forthe number of times itsuspended and resumed publication,and for the many forms it assumed, being at one time a weekly,at another a semi- weekly, and at one time a daily. Democratic.REGISTER, 1877:Edited by Charles K. Bassett.ADVERTISER, 1877- (?): Edited by George Poff.ABINGDON COLLEGE MONTHLY, 1877: Published by the trusteesof Abingdon College.NONPAREIL, ( ?) ( ?) Published by Elmer Richey in the:later seventies. It lived less than a year.

. the'2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSALBANY, WHITESIDE COUNTYHERALD, 1854.ALBION, EDWARDS COUNTYINDEPENDENT, 1865- (after 1869) : Edited and published by J. E.Clark. Printed at the office of the Grayville Independent.Republican.PIONEER, 1868-1873+: Established by R. S. Thompson and J. J.Lambert. They conducted it for about five years and sold toGil R. Stormont, who changedit toJOURNAL, +1873 to date: This paper was conducted by Gil R. Stormontuntil September, 1876, when he sold to Ballentine andEmmerson. Mr. Ballentine retired in 1878 and Morris Emmersoncontinued its publication until March n, 1884, when hesold to Colyer and Harris. After about two years Morris Harrisretired and Walter Colyer continued as editor and publisheruntil March 30, 1900, when the ownership passed to Albert H.Bowman. February 25, 1903, Mr. Bowman was succeeded bythe Albion Journal Company.UBUMBLE-BEE, i869~i873(?): A monthly, published in the interestof the patent medicine trade by R. S. Thompson.EGYPTIAN REPUBLICAN, 1878: A three-column folio, edited byChalcraft and Orange. Suspended after seven months.ALEDO, MERCER COUNTYRECORD, July 14, 1857 to date: Established by James H. Reed andHorace Bigelow at the time of the canvass for the removal ofcounty seat from Keithsburg to Aledo. Bigelow becamesole owner in 1862, and sold a half interest to John Porter in1866. Porter was political editor from 1862. In 1885 Bigelowsold his interest to John Porter and Sons who conducted thepaper until 1894, when it was sold to Mitchell and Bloyer andmerged with the Times, under the name of the Times Record.The paper has always been Republican and is one of the many"among the firstnewspapers to suggest the name of AbrahamLincoln as a candidate for the presidency."UMERCER COUNTY PRESS, September, 1866-1869: A Democraticpaper organized by persons hostile to President Johnson. J. A.J. Birdsall was editor. After a year he was succeeded by a mannamed Wilson; then late in 1867, David R. Walters becameboth editor and manager. John Geiger bought the paper in1869 and discontinued it, establishing instead theDEMOCRATIC :BANNER, April, 1869-1873 + Geiger opposed the nominationand election of Greeley ;O. P. Arthur bought the paper

ALTON, MADISON COUNTY 3in July, 1872, and supported Greeley. In 1873 the paper supportedGreenback principles. In this year Arthur changedthe name toBANNER, +1873-1881 John Geiger became a :partner with Arthur,and editor in 1877, and in 1878 sole owner, whereupon he madeit a straight Democratic "organ." P. F. Warner bought thepaper in the campaign of 1878 and conducted it as an Independentin politicsuntil 1879, when he made itRepublican. It wassold in 1 88 1 to Geiger, Russell, and Eames, of the then recentlyestablished Democrat.ALEXIS, WARREN COUNTYJOURNAL, 1874 (?): James Everett was editor and publisherin 1874: in 1877 A. H. Chaffe was editor and publisher. Independent.Suspended before 1879.ALGONQUIN, McHENRY COUNTYCITIZEN, 1872 (?): William H. and George E. Earlie wereeditors. Earlie Brothers and Company were "publishers. Everynumber illustrated." Cited in Rowell's Newspaper Directoryfor 1873.ALTAMONT, EFFINGHAM COUNTYCOURIER, May, i873-November, 1874: Begun by G. W. Grove.Moved in November, 1874, to Virginia.TELEGRAM, March, 1876-81 Established by Loofbarrow and:Humble; then owned by Loofbarrow and Hale Johnson andedited by Mit. A. Bates. Sold in 1877 to C. M. King, whoremoved the office to Gardner in 1881.LLTON, MADISON COUNTYSPECTATOR, 1832-1839: Published first in Upper Alton by O. M.Adams and Edward Breath. The firm soon dissolved, andMr. Breath alone removed this paper to Lower Alton (nowAlton) in October, 1832. Mr. J. T. Hudson, successor to Mr.Breath, edited and published it, 1834-1836; W. A. Beaty, 1836;D. Ward, 1836-1837; Wm. Hessin, 1837; Mr. Hessin and SethT. Sawyer, 1837; Mr. Hessin, 1837-1838; J. Clark Virgin inDecember, 1838, and he soon suspendedit. It was Whig inpolitics, giving much attention to the banking system of thecountry.ESHMAMERICAN, November 22, 1833-1834: Founded by J. S. Buchanan;devoted to the agricultural, mechanical, and mercantile interestsof Lower Alton and surrounding country; religious but notdenominational. Published by Messrs. Bailey and Parks andedited by Rev. Thomas Lippincott. Monthly. H

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWESTERN PIONEER AND BAPTIST STANDARD BEARER, +June 30,1836-1839: Removed from Rock Spring in June, 1836, by AshfordSmith and Company, under patronage of the Baptist denominationin Illinois and Missouri. Its editors were J. M. Peck,at first alone, afterward associated with E. Rogers and Rev.Washington Leverett. With the beginning of its second year itwas known as the Western Pioneer. It was finally discontinuedas a separate publication about the close of 1838, andcombined in January, 1839, with a paper published at Louisville,Ky., and New Albany, Iowa, entitled, in 1839, BaptistBanner and Western Pioneer. (See Rock Spring Pioneer). HTELEGRAPH, January 20, 1836 to 1882 Founded by R. M. Treadwayand L. A. Parks. Published by Messrs. Treadway, Parks,:and S. G. Bailey, 1836-1837; Parks and Bailey, 1837; Mr.Parks, 1837; Mr. Parks and John Bailhache, 1837; Mr. Bailhache,1837-1838. In 1838 S. R. Dolbee purchased a halfinterest and firm continued until 1850 when Dolbee was succeededby Wm. H. Bailhache, son of John Bailhache. From 1852-1854,E. L. Baker was one of the firm. Mr. Baker and L. A. Parksconducted it, 1854-1855. In 1855 the Telegraph was mergedin the Courier (which see) and so remained until the death of theCourier in 1861, when L. A. Parks and J. T. Beem and S. V.Parks andGrossman revived the publication of the Telegraph.Grossman continued its publication, 1861-1864; Mr. Parks andThos. S. Pinckard, 1864-1866; Mr. Parks, 1866; Parks andChas. Holden, 1866-1867; Parks, Holden, and W. T. Norton,1867-1875; Holden and Norton, 1875-1880; Mr. Norton, 1880to 1893. After 1888 the paper was published by the Alton TelegraphPrinting Company. In 1893 W. T. Norton sold his stockto W. J. A. Cousley and W. H. Bauer, who with other stockholderscontinue to publish the paper, with W. J. A. Cousley aseditor. Mr. John Bailhache was its editor, 1837-1841, and from1841 for several years it was edited by Geo. T. M. Davis. Itwas known simply as the Telegraph until April 3, 1841, when itbecame the Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review. In 1853itbecame the Alton Telegraph and Madison County Record, whichname it retained until merged in the Courier. When the Whigparty died it became a strong Republican organ. During thefall of 1836 great excitement spread over the country as a consequenceof John Quincy Adams's contest in Congress over theright of petition. It is asserted that the Telegraph was the onlypaper west of Cincinnati which supported Mr. Adams in thatstruggle. January i, 1851, a tri-weekly was begun; in 1852 thedaily was begun; the weekly was continued. PEHAUSLF

:1111ill I'.!ifJilrjlij tip1L^lukliiiiifuilttifiJfliJiiijtlJiJ

'.published,Septemberwhen it was agu..ALTON, MATAPEK .840 (?):A nony Rev. Thomas Lippin8, 1836- August 21, 1837in St. Louis ason Elijah P. Lovejoy became its editor ruiunrelentingly to assail the institution of;mns. In 1836 he resolved to remove thelie Observer to Alton, Illinois. Before shipmcnmaterial was destroyed and cast into the Missis.-rest met the same fate when it was unloaded or-Alton. Notwithstanding these reverses, Mr. Lov^a new press and the first issue of the Alton Obsc.-.September 8, 1836. This new press, type, anddestroyed by a mob on the night of August 21 .press was ordered, and destroyed on the night of \the fragments were cast into the river. A fouordered at once. It was shipped from Cincinnc-.;in Alton on the night of November 6, 1837. OrNovember 7 Mr. Lovejoy was killed, his Ipressits fragi^T*^^Od. -HlffiMHW..^!^Decemhfl&j&> lg?

FIRST NUMBER OF ALTON OBSERVERIn the collections of the Chicago Historical Society

ALTON, MADISON COUNTY 5TAPER, June, 1840 (?):A non-sectarian religious monthly,edited by Rev. Thomas Lippincott, a Presbyterian minister. SOBSERVER, September 8, 1836- August 21, 1837+ : This paper wasfirst published in St. Louis as an organ of the Presbyterians.When Elijah P. Lovejoy became its editor he began vigorouslyand unrelentingly to assail the institution of slavery through itscolumns. In 1836 he resolved to remove the press and materialof the Observer to Alton, Illinois.Before shipment much of thematerial was destroyed and cast into the Mississippi, and therest met the same fate when it was unloaded on the wharf atAlton. Notwithstanding these reverses, Mr. Lovejoy procureda new press and the first issue of the Alton Observer appeared,September 8, 1836. This new press, type, and material weredestroyed by a mob on the night of August 21, 1837. The thirdpress was ordered, and destroyed on the night of its arrival, andthe fragments were cast into the river. A fourth press wasordered at once. It was shipped from Cincinnati and arrivedin Alton on the night of November 6, 1837. On the night ofNovember 7 Mr. Lovejoy was killed, his press broken up andits fragments, too, cast into the Mississippi. 1 BeginningDecember 28, 1837, the Observer was printed in Cincinnati byElisha W. Chester and sent to Alton for distribution. Rev. T.B. Hulburt supplied local news from Alton. This arrangementwas abandoned April 19, 1838. HSILLINOIS TEMPERANCE HERALD, June i, 1836-1839+ Monthly.:Edited by F. W. Graves, and later by A. W. Corey, assisted byTimothy Turner; published by the executive committee of theIllinois State Temperance Society. November, 1839, the titlewas changed toMISSOURI AND ILLINOIS TEMPERANCE HERALD, +November, 1839-1842 and was : published simultaneously in St. Louis and Altonas the organ of the two state temperance societies. January,1842, the paper became the organ also of the Washingtoniansocieties, and the title with the number for that date becameMissouri and Illinois Temperance Herald and Washingtonian.A. W. Corey was still editor. See Springfield, Illinois Washingtonian.1"The battered press lay in the river till 1858, when W. R. Mead bought the'find ' for $35, and removed it to Iowa. From 1858 to 1870 it was used to printthe Cresco Plain Dealer, at New Oregon, Howard County, Iowa. Then GeorgeE.Frost bought it for $100 and printed the Clear Lake Observer on it till about1876, when it was again sold to F. A. Gates, editor of the Belmont Herald. Forabout twenty years it remained in service at Belmont, Iowa, and was then soldto Mr. C. F. Gunther, of Chicago, who exhibited it in 'Libby Prison.' " Harris'Negro Servitude in Illinois, 914. n.UU

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVOICE OF ILLINOIS, 1838 to close of campaign. Supported CyrusEdwards for governor, Wm. H. Davidson for lieutenant governor,and George Churchill for senator. Campaign paper publishedby a Whig committee for Madison county.ALTONIAN, March 13-27, 1838: Edited and published by L. A.Parks and Edmund Breath. Favored Whig principles. Onlythree numbers issued.SCOMMERCIAL GAZETTE, 1839-1840: Published by Samuel S. Brooksand John H. Pettit. It was suspended in March, 1840, andrevived for the campaign, after which it was again suspended.It was Democratic in politics.SUCKER, 1840: Published by Parks and Beaty, and edited by " Ourselves,"who were understood to be Wm. S. and John Lincolnand James Hall. It was Whig and supported Harrison for thepresidential nomination. It was merged in the Telegraph inMarch, 1840.PEOPLE'S MISCELLANY AND ILLINOIS HERALD, July 27, 1842 ( ?) :Another paper edited by A. W. Corey, who in the first numberannounced the discontinuance of the Illinois Temperance Herald.The prospectus announced the paper to be the organ of theIllinois State Temperance society, and all other temperancesocieties that wished to use its columns; but unlike its unsuccessfulpredecessors, this was to be a general newspaper. Parksand Souther were its publishers. AFPRESBYTERY REPORTER, 1845-1860+ Edited :by Rev. A. T. Norton.Only two numbers were issued the first year. Issued quarterly,1847-1850; bi-monthly, 1850-1854; suspended; revived in 1855and issued monthly. In 1860 it was taken to Chicago, but later,publication was resumed at Alton. Its subscriptionfinally sold to Herald Presbyter, Cincinnati.STRUTH SEEKER, November, i845-September, 1846: Edited Quarterly.by the Rev. Lemuel Foster. The occasion of the paperwas the suppression, by the Chicago Western Citizen, of thereport of the discussion which took place in the annual meetingof the Illinois Anti-Slavery Society, held June, 1845, at Alton.After almost a year Truth Seeker abandoned the task of reformingMr. Eastman et al., and left the Western Citizen still impenitent. HAlist wasPROTESTANT MONITOR, 1846-1848: Removed from Greenville.E. M. Lathrop was editor; Lathrop and John M. McPike werepublishers. Suspended with vol. 3, no. 32, May 24, 1848. Revivedas Alton Monitor, 1848; edited by John W. Buffum.Suspended at close of campaign. It was Democratic, and aviolent religious sheet.H

ALTON, MADISON COUNTY 7COURIER, May 29, 1852-1861: Published by Geo. T. Brown;associated with him were James Gamble and John Fitch (seeBanner, Carrollton). It was edited by Mr. Fitch, 1853-1854.Mr. Brown was its sole editor and proprietor, 1854-1860, whenhe sold to B. J. F. Hanna and S. V. Grossman. In May, 1860,Benjamin Teasdale and B. F. Webster obtained an interest.Mr. Webster retired in December, 1860, and its publication wasabandoned in January, 1861 (see Alton Telegraph). In theKansas-Nebraska controversyit strongly favored free soil andin 1856 favored Fremont for president. In 1858 the Courierbecame Republican and supported Lincoln against Douglas.When they reached common political ground the Courier andTelegraph were merged. Daily, tri-weekly, and weekly.Jennie D. Hayner, Lib. Assn. HUSFVORWARTS, 1852-54: Published by P. Stibolt and V. Walter. Mr.Stibolt took it to Galena, and subsequently he went to Peoria,where he became the editor of the Deutsche Zeitung. It wasDemocratic. German.NATIONAL DEMOCRAT, 1854-1869: Published by Geo. M. Thompsonand edited by John Fitch, 1854 John and T. N. Fitch, 1854-;1859; John Fitch, 1859-1860. In 1860 building and press weredestroyed by a tornado. In seven weeks Robert P. Tanseyresumed its publication. In a short time itpassed into the handsof Wm. T. Brock and from him to W. T. Dowdall with ThomasDimmock as editor. In 1864 Mr. Dowdall sold to John C.Dobelbower, but Mr. Dimmock continued editor. In 1866 itwas destroyed byfire but was re-established and its publicationwas continued until 1869, when it was removed to Lafayette,Indiana.HILLINOIS BEOBACHTER, 1855-1866: Established and published byJohn Reis, 1855-1863; V. Walter, 1863-1864; G. H. Weigler,1864-1866. While conducted by Mr. Reis it favored theDouglas wing of Democracy, and under Mr. Walter was Republican.It was a weekly German paper. Destroyed byfire.SUCKER LIFE BOAT, January to July, 1855: Comic sheet edited andpublished by John T.Beem, Martin Brooks, and Wilbur T. Ware.MISSOURI CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN, 1855: In 1852it wasstarted at Lexington, Mo. In 1853 removed to St. Louis, and toAlton in 1855. Edited by Dr. J. B. Logan. In June, 1855, thesubscription list was sold and transferred to the Watchman andEvangelist, Louisville, Ky.LADIES' PEARL, 1857-1861 Edited :by Dr. J. B. Logan and Rev.W. W. Brown in the interest of the Cumberland Presbyterianchurch. Monthly.

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFREIE PRESSE, 1858-1859: Established by Dr. Canisius, and withthe second issue transferred to Christian Schneider, who conductedit about one year. German.WEEKLY ALTON TELEGRAPH, 1858: A campaign paper edited byMessrs. Parks and Ennis, Mr. Parks being the political editor.DAILY EVENING DEMOCRAT, 1859 to date (1865) :STAR or BETHLEHEM AND CANDID EXAMINER, ( ?) Edited by:A. Doubleday. A religious paper died with the first number.;'WESTERN CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN, 1862-1868+ Founded andedited by Rev. J. B. Logan, to take the place of the St. LouisObserver, which left the northwest without an organ. Devotedto religion, morality, church news in general. In 1866 he soldthe subscription lists to T. H. Perrin, but remained editor until1868, when Rev. J. R. Brown, bought one-half interest in thepaper. Dr. Logan then purchased the subscription lists of theCumberland Presbyterian and united with Dr. Brown. The word"Western" was dropped, and the paper calledCUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN, +1868-1874: In 1874it was soldand removed to Nashville, Tennessee.DGOOD TEMPLAR, 1865-1868: Edited by B. H. Mills. It had beenpublished formerly at St. Louis. Temperance.BANNER, i866-date: Established by Pfeiffer Brothers. In fivemonths John Mold purchased paper and continued publicationuntil 1868, when the leaders of the Republican party boughtpaper and put V. Walter in charge as editor. In 1869it wassold to Messrs. Meyer and Voss; 1870 Meyer purchased Voss'interest, and in 1877 sold to R. Boelitz, who in 1881 sold toMessrs. Zechmeister and Henzel; in 1882 Messrs. Kleinwot andHenzel became editors and publishers. Independent in politicsafter 1882. German.TEMPERANCE WATCHMAN, 1872: Monthly. Edited by R. S.Smiley; published by E. A. Smith, "in the interest of theTemple of Honor and Temperance". Probably the ancestor ofTemperance Banner.TEMPERANCE BANNER, 1873-75: R. L. Smiley, editor. Publishedby Eugene Smith.OUR FAITH, 1875-76: Monthly. Established byHT. H. Perrinand Dr. J. B. Logan. It took the place of Cumberland Presbyterian.In 1876 it was sold to the St. Louis Observer.CHRISTIAN NEWS, 1875-1876: Monthly. Edited by Rev. RobertWest. Published in the interest of the Congregational churchby E. A. Smith. In 1876 it was sold to the Advance Companyof Chicago.

AMBOY, LEE COUNTY 9DEMOCRAT, 1875-1882+: Established by J. N. Shoemaker andHugh E. Bayle. In 1876 a daily was begun. In three monthsthe paper passed into the hands of Perrin, Smith and Company.The "company" was D. C. Fitz Morris, editor. In 1878 FitzMorris withdrew from the firm but continued as editor. Combinedwith Sentinel in 1882. See below.MORNING NEWS, 1876: Edited by James J. Mclnerney and EugeneJ. Bronson. Daily, Independent. Suspended in three months.MADISON COUNTY SENTINEL, 1879-1882+ Established :by JamesJ. Mclnerney as an Independent daily. In 1882 it was combinedwith the Democrat as Daily Sentinel-Democrat, with Mclnerneyas editor and proprietor. Later it was published by astock company. In 1905 W. H. Murphy bought a half interest;Mclnerney died in 1909, and Murphy sold his interest to hisassociates, who still conduct the paper.ALTONA, KNOX COUNTYMIRROR, 1868-1870: A short lived Republican paper edited andpublished by E. Johnson and Company. J. S. McClelland waseditor and publisher in 1870.SWEDE, i869(?)- (?): Weekly.JOURNAL, i878-8o(?): Edmund H. Waldo was editor and publisherin 1880. Independent.AMBOY, LEE COUNTYLEE COUNTY TIMES, 1855-1856: The stockholders were A. Kinyon,W. E. Ives, John L. Skinner, John B. Wyman, H. B. Judkin,and W. B. Stuart. Edited by A. N. Dickens, brother ofCharles Dickens. Changed toAMBOY TIMES, 1856-1866: Published successively by Cotrell, Prattand Miller ; Cotrell, Pratt, and Somers ;Pratt and Co. ; Pratt,Shaw and Co. ; Gardner, Shaw, and Lewis ;Pratt and Shaw.Messrs. Goff and Shaw changedit to HFLEE COUNTY JOURNAL, +1866-1870+:Originally the Lee CountyTimes, which changed to the Amboy Times, this in turn changingto the Lee County Journal. First published, February 25,1866, by Goff and Shaw; from February to December, 1867,by Burrington and Shaw. From January 16 to December 24,1868, B. F. Shaw was editor and proprietor. Stimson andCorbus were publishing the Journal January 6, 1870, and atleast until March 10 following. In September, 1870, Wm.Parker changed the name toAMBOY JOURNAL, +1870 to date :Changed by Wm. Parker from theLee County Journal, and published by him from September, 1870,

ioILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSto September 6, 1872; W. H. Haskell, September 6, 1872, toOctober 15, 1879; E. W. Faxon and Company, October 15, 1879,to February i, 1881; Dr. C. E. Loomis, after February i, 1881.The paper was Republican in politics throughout its course. UNEWS, 1878 to date: Established by J. Henry Adams and Win. M.Geddes, who together publishedit for five years. Until 1882the News was issued from the office of the Paw Paw Herald;since that time from its own office. In 1882 William M. ParkerFor a short time in 1884 Adams and Preston werewas editor.publishers; then, from October 18, 1884, until February 19, 1897,James H. Preston was editor and proprietor; Mrs. James H.Preston, publisher; Charles H. Eby, editor and manager, 1897-March 3, 1899; C. H. Eby to January, 1900. E. E. Chasebought an interest at that time and became sole owner in August.In December, 1900, he sold to Henry F. Gehant, who soldAugust 15, 1902, to Dafoe and Vaughn. Edited by R. G. Sherwoodfor two months in 1902 then ; by E. O. Trickey. SinceJuly io, 1903, E. L. Carpenter has been editor and publisher.Under Preston, Democratic; since, Independent with Republicantendencies.ANNA, UNION COUNTYUNION COUNTY RECORD, 1860 (?): Established July, 1860,by W. H. Mitchell. Republican.UNION COUNTY HERALD , April 1 7 1 , 869 ( ?) Established by S D : .Rich; Democratic in politics; soon sold to Dr. J. J. Underwood,who re-sold in a short time. The office was moved to Cairo.ADVERTISER, 1870-1872: Published by Dougherty and Galligher;Republican. After about two yearsit was taken to Jonesboro,where in a short time publication ceased. The office was soldto John H. Barton, and taken to Carterville, Williamson county.UNION, March i, 1875-1875: Started by A. J. Alden, of Cairo, whosoon sold to J. J. Penny and returned to Cairo. Mr. Penny publishedthe paper about six months then it died.;MEDICAL REGISTER AND ADVERTISER, 1875-1876: Monthly.James I. Hale, M.D., was editor and publisher.FARMER AND FRUIT GROWER, 1877-1897: Established by H. C.Bouton; semi-monthly until the fall of 1877, then weekly;devoted to agricultural and horticultural interests of Unioncounty and Southern Illinois. It was sold to the PrairieFarmer about 1897.UMISSIONARY SENTINEL, 1879-1880: Established by Rev. S. P.Myers in the interest of the German Reformed Church. Afterone yearit was moved to Dayton, Ohio..

ASHLAND, CASS COUNTYnUNION COUNTY NEWS, 1879: Edited and published by Hale,Wilson and Company. Independent.APPLE RIVER, JO DAVIESS COUNTYINDEX, 1870: D. A. Sheffield, editor; Herst C. Gann, publisher.Printed at the office of the Warren Sentinel.ARCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTYRECORD, November, 1866 to date:Established by Richard Gruelle,who conducted it until his death in 1883. The paper was subsequentlyowned by Bassett and Wamsley. In 1899 M. H. Bassettsold the paper to Nathan Collins and Sons. In May, 1905,Collins and Sons purchased the Arcola Herald, established 1883,of J. L. Avey and consolidated the two as the Arcola Record-Herald, which theystill own and edit. Nathan Collins died in1908. The paperis now published by Collins Brothers withFrank F. Collins as managing editor. The paper devotes onepage each week to the subject of broomcorn. It was the first"all home" paper in Douglas county. Republican. HDOUGLAS COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1870- (after 1881):Independent.Established by H. H. Moore, 1870-1875 C. M.; Leake, i876-(?)S. G. Cleviston was editor and publisher in 1879; in 1880 H. H.Moore was again named as editor and publisher.ROCK, 1872-1873: An evangelical weekly, edited and published byT. J. Shilton.MOORE'S HOME MONTHLY, 1877:miscellany" by H. H. Moore."Devoted to home and firesideARLINGTON HEIGHTS, COOK COUNTYCOOK COUNTY HERALD, 1873- (after 1881): F. W. Hoffman andCompany were editors and publishers in 1877. In 1879 A. S.Lindsey was editor, and John Flaherty and Company publishers ;Herald Publishing Company in 1880. Republican.COOK COUNTY CHRONICLE, 1876 (?): F. D. Dalton was editorand publisher in 1876.ASHKUM, IROQUOIS COUNTYGAZETTE, 1875-1877 Edited and published by Lowe and Kloke.:John Lowe was editor and publisher in 1877. Independent.Printed at the office of the Onarga Review.ASHLAND, CASS COUNTYWEEKLY EAGLE, March 2, 1876: A neutral paper started by JohnS. Harper. Weekly was dropped from the title at the seventhnumber. After four months sold to A. F. Smith and removed.

12 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNEWS, 1879 (?): John J. Smith was editor and publisher in1880.ASHLEY, WASHINGTON COUNTYENQUIRER, June-September, 1856: Established by M. L. McCord.The excitement occasioned by the presidential campaign wastoo much for a paper that was trying to be neutral. Its publicationceased late in September of 1856.HERALD, 1870-1871:Established by L. E. Knapp.GAZETTE, 1876 to date: Established by A. W. O'Bryant, April 5,1876. Mr. O'Bryant was in 1879 still proprietor and publisher.The name was changed to the Washington CountyGazette, April 27, 1906, at which time F. E. and W. C. O'Bryantbecame publishers. Republican. Files are kept in the office.ASHTON, LEE COUNTYSENTINEL, i877-i88o(?): P. O. Sproul was editor and publisherin 1880.ASSUMPTION, CHRISTIAN COUNTYINDEPENDENT, April 22, 1871-1874+: R. M. Carr, was proprietor;J. M. Birce, local editor. Neutral in politics. Carrprinted the Independent in the office of the Pana Gazette, untilApril 15, 1872, when I. V. Park began its publication at Assumption.Six months later, the office passed into the hands of ajoint-stock company, with John L. Marvell as manager andeditor. Owing to the latter's erratic management he wasreplaced by Richard Couch, July, 1874, who changed the nameof the paper toRECORD, +1874-1876: Richard Couch was manager and editorfor one year after its establishment in July, 1874. Then A.W. Chabin assumed management for nine months, after whichthe office was sold to A. M. Anderson and moved to Windsor,Shelby county.PRESS, September, 1872-1873: John P. Marnell was editor andpublisher.ASTORIA, FULTON COUNTYADVERTISER, 1871-1872:ARGUS, 1876- (after 1881): Independent.C. R. Spore was editor and publisher.ATLANTA, LOGAN COUNTYLOGAN COUNTY FORUM, 1855-1858: A weekly paper edited by S.B. Dugger.

AURORA, KANE COUNTY 13ARGUS, May, 1869 to date: Established by Albion Smith. It wasat first printed in Bloomington. The Argus was edited andpublished from 1870 to the spring of 1873, by Albion Smith andF. B. Mills; 1873 to August, 1874, A. W. Briggs; August, 1874,till after 1880, George L. Shoals; Horace Crihfield, then CrihfieldBrothers, to date. Complete files owned by the office and by A.J. Ludlam of Atlanta.PROPERTY SELLER, 1871-1872: A monthly real estate advertisingsheet, edited by Frank B. Mills; published by Smith and Mills.AUBURN, SANGAMON COUNTYHERALD, 1873-1874+ Published by Lowdermilk and Stover as an:advertising medium. After five months sold to stock company.In 1874 M. G. Wadsworth of Auburn and W. F. Thompson ofVirden purchased from stock company and changed the name toCITIZEN, +1874- (after 1881) M. G. Wadsworth was editor and:publisher in 1879. Independent.AUGUSTA, HANCOCK COUNTYTIMES, 1856-1857: Established by L. S. Grove and Son. FHOME BANNER, December, 1864-1867: Established by W. P.Campbell, who after a year was succeeded by W. R. Carr.HERALD, August, 1878-1880: Established by Henry E. Allen.After about a yearit was transferred to Silas Robinson, by whomit was discontinued in 1880.AURORA, KANE COUNTYPEOPLE'S :PLATFORM, 1846+ Established, issued, and edited byIsaac Marlett; Democratic in politics.This was the firstpaperpublished in Aurora. It was soon removed to St. Charles,Kane county, then a more important town than Aurora. Itcontinued to be published in St. Charles under different names,but ceased publication shortly after the presidential campaignof 1860.DEMOCRAT, August 6, 1846-- (?): Established by C. and G.Ingham. In politics it was "Democratic as understood by theJefferson and Jackson school." C. and G. Ingham were thepublishers. Short lived. PBEACON, June, 1847 to date: Founded by M. V. and B. F. Hall, theformer a Whig, and the latter a Democrat. In politics the paperhad two political departments, one Whig, and the other Democratic.B. F. Hall disposed of his interest and the paper wasWhig till the organization of the Republican party, when itwarmly espoused the principles of that party. In the winter of1853-1854 James W. Randall and his brother Dudley purchased

14 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSthe Beacon. The Randalls were succeeded by a number of proprietors,among them N. S. Greenwood and George Brewster.On September 6, 1856, the Daily Beacon appeared, with A. C.Gibson as editor, and J. W. Randall and N. S. Greenwood as pubishers,but it was suspended April 30, 1857. In July, 1857, theBeacon and the Guardian were consolidated, and called RepublicanUnion, owned by J. W. Randall and Simeon Whiteley. Suspended,but in September, 1857, revived by Augustus Harman, who hadbeen the editor of the Republican Union, and Oscar B. Knickerbocker.In 1858 Harman retired. 1858-1859, George S.Bangs; Bangs and Knickerbocker, 1859-1866. In 1866 Bangssold to Knickerbocker. In the same year John H. Hodder purchasedan interest. Knickerbocker and Hodder continued thepublication until the death of Mr. Knickerbocker in 1885. Inthe early 705 the Beacon started a semi-weekly edition, and inMarch, 1891, Mr. Hodder issued a daily, published ever since.On Mr. Hodder's death, in 1902, the paper was sold to a stockcompany. George W. Stephensis the present editor. Completefiles in the office. PUFGUARDIAN, 1852-1857 + Established :by Simeon Whiteley and BenjaminWilson, editors and proprietors; politics Democraticuntil the repeal of the Missouri compromise; then Free Soil,and afterwards Republican. Mr. Wilson retired from the paperat an early date. In July, 1857, the Guardian and the Beaconwere consolidated, the new paper being called the RepublicanUnion; the proprietors were James W. Randall and SimeonWhiteley. This firm lasted but a few weeks. PFREPUBLICAN UNION, +1857+: A consolidation of the Beaconand the Guardian; James W. Randall and Simeon Whiteleyproprietors, Augustus Harman editor. After five numbers Randallsold his interest to Whiteley, who then engaged as editorT. Herbert Whipple, afterwards one of the editors of the NewYork World. After the retirement of Randall this paper wascalledREPUBLICAN, +1857-1858: With the change in name the paperwas re-reduced in size. February 12, 1858, Mr. Whipple became"corresponding editor," Mr. Whiteley assuming the generaleditorship. The last issue appeared November 5, 1858. PTEMPERANCE MONITOR, March, 1858-1859: Started as a temperanceorgan by James P. Snell. It survived about a year. Mr.Snell entered the army at the beginning of the Civil War, and atits close became editor of the Mendola Bulletin.PFE

AURORA, KANE COUNTY 15REFORMER, July, 1858-1860: A sixteen-page monthly. Establishedby Augustus Harman and Ellen Beard. It was discontinued inJune, 1860. It declared itself "to be what its name indicates,"and fought ardently for prohibition, dress reform, etc. MissBeard soon became Mrs. Harman. She assisted her husbandin the editorial department, set type, canvassed for subscribers,and lectured.TEMPERANCE TOCSIN, Apriltill fall, 1860: A sheet half the size ofthe Reformer, established by Augustus Harman and wife, intendedfor local circulation. Mr. Harman died in the fall of1860, after which Mrs. Harman continued the publication of theTocsin for a short time.CHRONICLE, February, 1861 Established by John H. Hodder,:editor and proprietor. This paper existed about six months.HERALD, June, 1866-1903: Established by Thomas E. Hill. Hewas succeeded in the ownership of the paper by the firmsof Hill and Gale; Gale and Shaw; Shaw and Bangs; Bangs,Owen and Ford; and Bangs and Owen. In 1871 the paperwas purchased by Pierce Burton, who in 1874 sold a halfinterest to Mr. James Shaw, who re-sold to Mr. Burton in1880. The latter continued the paper until he establishedthe Aurora Daily Express in 1882, and thereafter the Heraldwas the weekly edition of that paper. Originally Republicanin politics, under Mr. Burton it was Independent. In 1876itsupported Peter Cooper for President ;and it advocated Greenbackprinciples as long as the party of that name had anational organization. Mr. Burton retired from business in1902. After several changes of ownership, the Express ceasedpublication in 1903, and with it perished also the Herald. PUWEEKLY, June, 1867 : Established by Dudley Randall; had a briefexistence.ARGUS, 1867: This paper was in some sort the successor of theAurora Weekly. It was established by Dudley Randall, andedited by him and W. H. H. Brainard. Possibly there wassimply a change of name without change in proprietorship or inthe character of the paper.VOLKSFREUND, 1 868 to date: Established by Peter Klein and JacobSiegmund. In 1871 Mr. Klein purchased the interest of Mr.Siegmund, and has since continued sole proprietor. Republicanuntil 1884, when itsupported Cleveland for President. It soonbecame Republican again, and has remained so. May 27, 1895,a daily edition was started, and has been continued. UCITY LIFE ILLUSTRATED. 1871: Founded by Dudley Randall andcontinued several months. Life attained a large circulation forthose days.

16 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFREE METHODIST, 1872-1874+: A Free Methodist weekly, movedfrom New York City by Louis Bailey. Purchased in 1874 byD. P. Baker and T. B. Arnold, who moved it to Sycamore.ARMY RECORD, 1873-1874: Monthly advertising sheet edited andpublished by James D. Fox. Apparently changed the next yearto Army Register, and the date of establishment moved backone year.VIDETTE, 1873-1874: Edited and published by Tounshendeau andLindsey.DAILY GLOBE, 1874: Issued only one day. Established by a Mr.Turner, a printer employed in the Beacon office, and printed byJacob Siegmund. On the very day of publication, however,Turner left, and a little later Siegmund presented Turner'sidea asDAILY NEWS, February 22, 1874: Founded by Jacob Siegmundand Charles M. Faye. The first daily paper in Aurora to maintaina permanent existence. Mr. Faye sold his interest to Mr.Siegmund in September, 1875, and was succeeded for a fewweeks by Orville B. Merrill. On February i, 1876, Willis B.Hawkins became owner of one-half the plant. Hawkinsremained with the News for several years. On his retiring, Mr.Siegmund published the paper for a time, with Richard W. Corbettas editor. In 1884 Mr. Siegmund sold the plant to EdwardNortham and Eben F. Beaupre", who published the paper abouttwo years, and then sold it to John F. Dewey. In 1891 Mr.Dewey sold to Walter S. Frazier. From Mr. Frazier ownershipof the paper passed at his death to Lincoln B. Frazier, a son.Under the proprietorship of L. B. Frazier the News has continued.W. W. Clark is the present editor. PUEVENING POST, 1878-1897:Daily established by a printer named;Welch. From Welch's hands itpassed to those of Peter Kleinand Louis A. Constantine, under the firm name of Klein andConstantine. This co-partnership was of less than six months'duration; then Peter Klein transferred his interest in the paperto his partner, who kept the Post going for nearly twenty years.In 1897 Constantine was appointed postmaster of Aurora, andsoon after this the Evening Post was discontinued.INDEPENDENT, September, 1878: Established by Edward Keough,formerly of the Elgin Times. The Independent was startedas a Democratic paper but the Democrats of Aurora;apparentlydid not care for an organ, and the Independent lived but ashort time.

AVA, JACKSON COUNTYBARRY,* PIKE-TCOUNTY 17REGISTER, 1876 (?) Established by George Jahn and Bethune:Dishon. Democratic. Mr. Dishon retired in 1877 leaving Mr.Jahn editor. In Rowell for 1879, Dishon isgiven as editor andpublisher.NEWS, 1876 (?) : Lambert and Connor were editors and publishers.\VON, FULTON COUNTY| SENTINEL, 1879 to date: Established by H. J. Herbertz. Mr. Her-J^bertz retired in 1880, being succeeded by Mark Ullery. In 1881H. G. Leigh purchased an interest, the partnership of Ullery and| Leigh continuing three months, when W. E. Stevens purchasedIfcMr. Ullery 's interest. In 1883 Mr. Stevens became sole owner,leasing a half interest to Geo. E. Simmons for two years; in 1885,jj^W. W. Vose succeeded Simmons, the partnership continuing two|t years. W. E. Stevens has been the editor and publisher sinceJanuary i, 1888. Files are at the office.BARRINGTON STATION, COOK COUNTYHERALD, i877~after 1881 Edited and published by :J. A. Ballinger,and later by W. G. Alden. Printed at the office of the PalatineEnterprise.BARRY, PIKE COUNTYENTERPRISE, A (?) : paper established by George W. Smith inthe sixties. Not mentioned by Rowell for 1869.DISPATCH, ( ?)A short-lived : publication begun in the sixtiesby Shaffner and Goldsmith. Not mentioned by Rowell for 1869.OBSERVER, 1870-1871: Established by L. L. Burke. Within ayear was suspended and removed.ADAGE, 1871to date: Establishedby M. H. Cobb, publisher, andJ. H. Cobb, editor, 1871-1878; S. E. Colgrove, 1878-1879;.John H. Cobb and W. W. Watson, 1879-1880; W. W. Watson,1880-1898; A. E. Hess, 1898 to date. Independent.UNICORN, 1877+ Edited and published by Simeon Fitch. Started:as Republican, soon changed to Greenback, and the name waschanged toICORN GREENBACK, +1878-1887: Edited and published bySimeon Fitch, who is said to have written chiefly in verse. Thepaper declined with the Greenback movement, which it hadsupported.

i8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBATAVIA, KANE COUNTYEXPOSITOR, 1852 Edited by James Risk and others. Short-lived.:Fox RIVER EXPOSITOR, January, 1856- (?): Another shortlivedpaper, apparently not connected with the foregoing. Editedby James Risk; published by RiskJ. Van Nortwick, and A. M.Moore. Democratic. FARGUS, 1857 Edited by T. W. : Stitt, M. D. and Elijah H. Eyer.Soon moved to St. Charles.NEWS, 1869 December, 1908 Published by Clark A. Lewis. Associatedwith him were A. J.: Roof at the beginning; O. B. Merrillfor awhile in 1870; R. N. Youngblood; and C. A. Schaffter.Mr. Lewis was sole editor and proprietor, 1884-1907. In 1907he leased the paper to Whittleton and Mercer. They continuedthree months. After two weeks' vacation the publication wasresumed by William M. Wrightman but was again discontinuedin December, 1908.YOUNG ADVOCATE, 1871: An amateur semi-monthly, edited by JohnF. Dewey. Short-lived.Fox RIVER TIMES, 1876: Established by A. J. Roof, Mr. Gates,and Mr. Fox. Lasted three months.UBEARDSTOWN, CASS COUNTYBEARDSTOWN CHRONICLE AND ILLINOIS BOUNTY LAND ADVER-TISER, June 18, 1833-34: Established by Francis Arenz "as oneof several enterprises he engaged in for developing the new countryand incidentally promoting his own business interests."Arenz was a Whig, but the paper was neutral, under the managementof John B. Fulks. In the fall or winter of 1834 the plantSWas sold and moved to Rushville.GAZETTE, August 15, 1845-1852+: Established by Sylvester Emmons,who had precipitately removed from Nauvoo after issuingone number of an Anti-Mormon Expositor at that place. Thepaper was Whig, violently inimical to Democracy and Mormonism.Emmons sold in 1852 to C. D. Dickerson, who after lessthan eight months sold to J. L. Sherman, who changed thetitle to SBEARDSTOWN AND PETERSBURG GAZETTE, December 9, 1852-1854-!- Conducted by : J. L. Sherman as a Whig organ untilprobably 1854, when he sold to B. C. Drake, who changed thename toS

BEARDSTOWN, CASS COUNTY 19CENTRAL ILLINOISAN, +1854-1861: Conducted by B. C. Drake asa Whig paper until the organization of the Republican party,of which it at once became a supporter. In 1858, before thebeginning of the Douglas and Lincoln joint debates, Drakebegan a daily, which he continued until the beginning of the CivilWar, when he closed the office and enlisted.SDEMOCRAT, March 12, 1858-1865: The first Democratic paper inBeardstown; established by W. D. Shurtliff, and at first editedby Shurtliff and Davis. In 1862 J. K. Vandemark was madeeditor. He resigned in the fall ;in 1863 Charles R. Fisk and wifebought the paper and continued it until the close of the war. SGAZETTE, 1860+ : Established as a Republican paper by oneMitchell, who conducted it until the fall of 1860, when it wastaken over by a joint stock company of Republicans, who changedthe name toCENTRAL ILLINOISAN, + 1861- April 5, 1883 + :Managed by LoganU. Reavis for four or five years, then by the office foreman untilMarch, 1867, when John S. Nicholson took charge. He becamesole proprietor in June, 1868, and conducted the paperuntil April 5, 1883, when he sold to James G. Rice, owner ofthe Cass County Democrat, who merged the two papers as Illinoisan-Democrat.He sold in October to Eugene Clark, whorechristened the paper Beardstown Illinoisan, and sold to JohnS. Nicholson. Changed from weekly to semi- weekly, April, 1884.In April, 1899, united with Star of the West (established 1888by H. C. Allard and made a daily March 7,Star, edited by Nicholson and published by Nicholson and Allarduntil 1902; since then by Nicholson and Fulks. It isnow edited by J. S. and E. E. Nicholson. It has been consistentlyRepublican.SHERALD, 1872-1873: Established by Henley Wilkinson and J. W-Lusk as an "out and out" Democratic paper willing to supportGreeley to beat Grant. A county-seat fight and the election ofGrant discouraged the proprietors, who sold early in 1873 to D.G. Swan, who made the paper Liberal Republican. It lastedbut a few months, when it was removed to Bushnell.1892) as Illinoisan-CHAMPION, September 25, 1875-1876 Established by George Dann,:Sr., George Dann, Jr., and George W. Thompson, with the firstnamed as editor. Independent in politics. Soon suspended.CASS COUNTY MESSENGER, 1876-1879+: Established by GeorgeDann, Sr., as a Democratic paper. Before the end of the firstyear Forrest H. Mitchell was associated with Dann as editor andpublisher, but withdrew in August, 1877, and was succeeded by

aoILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSW. B. Bennett. Dann sold in 1879 to Joseph P. Sailer, whochanged the name toCASS COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1879-1883+: Democratic; conductedby Joseph P. Sailer until 1882, when J. Sam Fulks and GeorgeMartin became associated with him and they started a daily.It was unsuccessful, was sold in 1883 to Darb. McAulley, and byhim to James G. Rice, who mergedit with Central Illinoisan toform Illinoisan-Democrat.BEOBACHTER AM ILLINOIS FLUSS, 1877-1878+ Established by:Rev. A. Schaberhorn, who in the fall of 1878 sold to TheodoreWilkins, who changed the title toWOCHENBLATT, +1878-1882: Conducted by Theodore Wilkinsuntil his death in 1881, when the paper was sold to Ross and Son,who removed it in 1882.BEECHER, WILL COUNTYEASTERN WILL UNION, 1879 to date (1880): C. E. Carter waseditor and publisher.BELLEVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTYWESTERN NEWS, 1826-1827:A weekly paper, published irregularlyby Dr. Joseph Green. Politically "whole hog" Jacksonian, butconducted chiefly to serve Green's political aspirations.St. CLAIR GAZETTE, 1833-1838+ A "whole hog" Jackson paper:published by Robert K. Fleming ; publication often interrupted.For a part of this period the name was St. Clair Mercury. Itwas merged withREPRESENTATIVE AND BELLEVILLE NEWS, 1837-1838+: Editedand published by Edward S. Cropley. At some time afterDecember 22, 1838, combined with Gazette to form HREPRESENTATIVE AND GAZETTE, +1838-1839+: Edited and publishedby Edward S. Cropley, who had run the Representative.It failed, and from it came theADVOCATE, + 1839 *o date : Edited and published by James L. Boydand John T. C. Clark, 1840; Mr. Boyd, 1840-1842; Philip B.Fouke, 1842 ;R. K. Fleming,: E. H. Fleming, 1849;William K. Fleming, 1849 Mr. Fleming changedit to adaily which was edited by Jehu Baker. It was in charge ofand edited by John W. Merritt, 1850-1851; Judge Niles, latein 1851 E. H.; Fleming and Mr. Niles, who bought and absorbedthe Illinois Independent in 1852, when a daily was issued, 1851-1854; Mr. Fleming and James S. Coulter, 1854-1855; Mr.Coulter, 1855-1856; Judge Niles, 1856; Mr. Niles and EdwardSchiller, 1856; Mr. Niles, 1856-1857; Collins Van Cleve andT. C. Weeden, 1857-1860. In 1860 E. J. Montague be-

BELLEVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 21came proprietor. In 1861 the Newsletter of Mascoutah wasconsolidated with the Advocate; the title was made WeeklyBelleville Advocate and News Letter, and Alexander G. Dawesbecame assistant editor. In the same year the property revertedto Van Cleve. Dawes soon retired and F. M. Hawes becameeditor. In October Weekly was dropped from the title. G. F.Kimball bought the paper in 1863. Hawes was still editor. In1867 F. M. Taylor bought an interest. In 1872 Taylor boughtout Kimball, and continued the paper till 1890, when he closedthe office. J. H. Thomas bought the equipment and the paperwas continued after a month, with G. F. Kimball as editor. Hesoon retired. The Advocate is now edited and published byBelleville Advocate Publishing Company. Originally Democratic,the paper had become Free Soil in 1857, and laterRepublican.DER FREIHEITSBOTE FUR ILLINOIS, 1840: The first German paperin Illinois, printed in St. Louis, but issued in Belleville. It wasconducted during the Harrison-Van Buren campaign and "griffmit besonderer Scharfe den Nativismus an." Gustav Koernerwas publisher, and wrote nearly all the editorials. After twoweeks its title was changed by the addition of und Missouri.SPIRIT or '76, January, 1839: A Whig paper, started by CasperThiele and Company, which lived but a short time.GREAT WESTERN, May n, 1839-1841: The material of the Spiritoj '76 was bought by J. R. and H. H. Cannon, who in effect continuedit under the title of Great Western. Whig. File ownedin Belleville. AAEWSPHUFby descendants of Edward W. West,FARMERS AND MECHANICS REPOSITORY, September 3, 1842-1843:Started by C. and J. L. Sargent, with Elam Rust as editor. Theyleased the Great Western establishment after Cannon had diedand his paper had ceased. R. K. Fleming was printer. In1843 the Repository suspended and the outfit was sold to LouisP. Pensoneau, who started the St. Clair Banner. Whig. AST. CLAIR BANNER, August i, 1843 ( ?) : Edited by Wm. C.Kinney. Democratic, supporting Van Buren. Apparently notsame as Banner below. F.POLITICIAN, April 13-June 8, ( ?) 1844 A small humorous :paper editedand published by F. A. Snyder and Company, in which theeditor asserted that he would support no man for public officewho was not confident that he deserved the office.SILLINOIS BEOBACHTER, 1844: A German paper started by TheodoreEnglemann, who sold it to Bartholomew Hauck and he movedthe office to Quincy, where it was continued until 1848, when Mr.Englemann induced Mr. Hauck to remove the office back toABelleville, and the Zeitung appeared.

'22 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSST. CLAIR :BANNER, April, i845~Mav, 1847+ Edited and publishedby Louis P. Pensoneau, who in 1847 W S to D. W. Gelwicks andLouis Tramble. 1 Changed to APFTIMES, +1847-1849+: Edited by William C. Kinney and publishedby D. W. Gelwicks and Louis Tramble. It representedDemocracy. Sold to George Harvey and Tom Walker, whochanged it toILLINOIS REPUBLICAN, +1849-1852: At first it was published byMessrs. Harvey and Walker, ana edited by Jedediah Judson. In1852 it was purchased by Judge Niles and absorbed by theAdvocate.PHFZEITUNG, January, 1849 to date: A German paper established byTheodore Englemann and Bartholomew Hauck ;the former waseditor, the latter, publisher. Gustav Koerner became connectededitorially with the paper in 1849; Hauck bought Englemann'sinterest in 1852; Franz Grimm first became editor in 1853;after four months he was succeeded by August Kattmann.Grimm went to Memphis and in 1854 established Stimme desVolkes, the first German paper in Tennessee. January, 1854,Hermann Fiedler became editor; then Hannibal Seylern;Dr. F. Wenzel, 1855-1856. Dr. Wenzel established the Volksblattsoon after his withdrawal from the Zeitung. He was succeededby Franz Grimm, 1856-1857; W. Vollraith, 1857.Hauck sold to Friedrich Rupp, 1858, who formed a partnershipwith F. Grimm of the Volksblalt, which was then discontinued.F. Grimm was editor, 1858-1861; Ludwig Seibold, 1861-1862;Edward Lindemann, 1862 ;Adelbert Lohr, 1862-1863; CharlesNeubert, 1863-1874; Heinrich C. Miiller, Earnhardt Hartmann,1874-1875; Eugen Seeger, 1876-1877; G. Rentschler, 1877;L. W. Habercom, 1877-1879. Stern des Westens was absorbedin 1877, and Der Stern in 1881, when the title of the paper becameZeitung und Stern. Sebastian Feitsam bought the paperin 1873. He owned the Illinois Republican, which was thenabsorbed in the Zeitung. George Semmelroth bought a haltinterest in 1874; Heinfelden, Semmelroth, and Metschan becameits owners in 1881 ;Heinfelden became sole owner in 1886. In1888 C. Angleroth became editor, and the title again becameZeitung. August von Lengerke was editor in 1890; William F.Dose, 1891. In 1891 Fred W. Kraft and Fred J. Kern boughtthe paper and Carl Brandt became editor. The Zeitung wasconsolidated with the Post in 1893 as Post und Zeitung. MaxGronefeld became editor; William C. Kiiffner and GeorgeSemmelroth were owners. In the same year Kiiffner died ;Mr.Semmelroth formed the Belleville Post and Zeitung Publishing1Gustav Koerner in his Memoirs said that he wrote most of the articles inboth the Banner and the Beobachter.

BELLEVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 23Company, of which he was chief stockholder and business manager.He died in 1895 and his son, Hermann Semmelroth,succeeded him. A. W. Fischer was editor 1895-1896; OttoSteuernagel, 1896-1898 Kriiger, 1898 ; .Began as a weekly ;a daily was considered in January, 1853, and a trial number issuedin December, when Belleville had no railroad and no telegraphoffice. A few numbers of a daily were issued in January, 1855 ;began again November, 1855, and continued tillJune, 1857;permanently established August, 1876. In politics originallyDemocratic, modified under Wenzel; strongly anti-slavervunder Grimm, who made the paper a powerful influence from1858 to 1 86 1 ; supported Lincoln in 1860, Greeley in 1872;Independent till 1884, Democratic until 1893, Republicansince. Files 1856-1857, 1860 to date in the office. PUFSUN, 1851 Established by E. H. Fleming. After : thirty-six numbersit was joined to Advocate and conducted by Mr. Fleming as foremanand Judge Niles as editor.EAGLE, 1854+: Managed by Bevirt and Shoupe and edited byGovernor Reynolds for a while. At first it was a daily but soonchanged to a weekly. Changed to SST. CLAIR TRIBUNE, +1854-1858: John B. Hay was manager andWilliam Orr editor, 1854; Edward R. Stuart and G. A. Harvey,1854; Mr. Harvey and William E. Hyde, 1854-1856; Mr. Harvey,1857. In 1857it was sold to Van Cleve and Weeden,owners and publishers of the Advocate. PDER FARMER DES WESTENS, March, 1856 An : agricultural paper pub-.lished from the Zeitung office.It was continued but a short time.VOLKSBLATT, 1856-1858: German and anti-slavery. Establishedby Dr. F. Wenzel and edited by Louis Didier, 1856-1857 Franz;Grimm, 1857-1858. In 1858it was consolidated with the Zeitung.DEMOKRAT, 1856-1857 : Edited by Dr. Wenzel, except for a fewweeks, during which time it was edited by A. Ruoff. Germanand a supporter of Democracy.PSUN, 1857: Established by E. H. Fleming. It was also joined toAdvocate.DEMOCRAT, 1857-1883 + Published :by Messrs. W. F. Boyakin andH. L. Fleming, 1857-1859; E. R. Stuart and W. H. Shoupe,1859-1860; W. F. Boyakin was editor from the first; G. A.Harvey, 1860-1863; Duelinger and Russell, 1863 to 1883, whenthe Democrat was combined with the News as the News-Democrat.Fred J. Kern succeeded William J. Underwood as editorand manager January i, 1890, and has continued in that positionto date.PHPU

24 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSTAR OF EGYPT, 1858-1859: Campaign paper edited and publishedby Ex-Governor Reynolds and J. W. Hughs. Supported SidneyBreese against Douglas for the Senate.BANNER, 1859: Edited and published by H. L. Davidson. Democratic.DAILY DESPATCH, March y-August 3, 1861 : Established by ThomasH. Fleming and G. M. Williams. In twelve daysit was transferredto G. A. Harvey in five months it ceased. P;MINER AND WORKMAN'S ADVOCATE, 1863-1866 Established :by JohnHinchcliffe. It was very successful and was printed on the firststeam power press run in southern Illinois. Removed to EastSt. Louis, where after one yearit was discontinued.STERN DES WESTENS, 1865-1877: Published by Mr. Schmall fromwhom itpassed into possession of Semmelroth and Kircher;Kircher sold to Daniel Hertel; Hertel retired and Semmelrothbecame sole proprietor. In 1868 to 1872 Henry Huhn waseditor. It was sold in 1872 to Frederick E. Scheel; in 1877 itwas consolidated with Zeitung.UFREIE PRESSE, 1868-1870: Established by a joint stock companywith Mr. Mueller as editor. Democratic campaign paper. Afterthe campaign the press was bought by Mr. Brickley of Red Bud,where publication was resumed with A. C. Helmicj as editor andPeter Baker, publisher; soon after removed to Belleville, whereafter another yearit was suspended. German.PEOPLE, 1870-1874: Union Newspaper Company editors and publishers,1871; Kimball and Taylor, 1872; F. M. Taylor, 1873;Western Printing Company, 1874. Printed at Advocate office.ILLINOIS REPUBLICANER, 1872-1873: Established by a stock companyof leading Republicans, with Henry Huhn as editor andmanager. In 1873 Sebastian Feitsam bought the stock and,soon afterward, bought the Zeitung and merged the two.TREUBUND, 1873: German; run in the interest of a benevolentsociety. Established by Messrs. Semmelroth and Company.Edited by Dr. Neubert. Short-lived. UINDEPENDENT, 1877-1878: Removed from New Athens by GeorgeAuerswald. Continued but a few months.STERN, 1877-1881: Established by Belleville Printing Companywith Frederick E. Scheel, editor. In 1878 made daily, at whichtime Henry Huhn became editor. German. Democratic. Itwas absorbed by Zeitung.REFORM, 1878; Established by George C. Bunsen. Advocatedsocialism and communism. Died after four or five months.

BELVIDERE, BOONE COUNTY 25JOURNAL, 1878; Established by L. W. Habercom. German.After twenty issues sold to Zeitung.REPUBLICAN, 1879- (?): Established by Dr. T. W. Erkert.In five months he sold one third interest to G. F. Kimball andone-third to S. C. Mace. In four months Erkert purchased theirinterests and became sole owner again. In 1881 one-half interestwas sold to H. B. Knight.BELLFLOWERJOURNAL, 1877 : Gles&ner Brothers were publishers. Independent.BELVIDERE, BOONE COUNTYPRAIRIE BEACON, about 1847: A neutral paper edited by J. P.Nichols. Listed in Illinois Annual Register for 1847.STANDARD, 1851-1897 Published by Ralph Roberts, 1851-1897.:Democratic up to 1856 when it became Republican. Publishedweekly.PSFREPUBLICAN, 1848-1850: Edited by J. W. Snow. It was an exponentof Whig principles., 1859: Two or three numbers of a weekly issued bya "Professor" Gower. Printed in Rockford.INDEPENDENT, (?)- (?): J. Nelson Brockway. Republican.Printed for a short time only.UNION, ( ?)- ( ?) : Jackson Republican. Lasted a year ortwo.BOONE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1864: Established by a Mr. Wilsonand continued through the campaign of 1864.BOONE COUNTY ADVERTISER, i867(?)-i87o. Established about1867 by W. H. Caldwell. Office moved to Rock Falls.NORTHWESTERN, 1867 to date: Established by E. H. Talbot.Sold to R. W. Coon in 1870 and to Alson W. Keeler in1888. Charles R. Truitt owned a half interest for several years,commencing 1895. In 1899it was sold to Professor Wilgus andconducted by him for a time and sold again to Mr. Keeler. Itwas afterward conducted for a short time by J. H. Carpenter andthen by an incorporated company under the editorship of A. C.Collins. Republican. Daily edition began in 1892. Latercombined with Republican as Republican-Northwestern. UECOURIER, 1870: An advertising sheet issued by Caldwell andTuttle.DAILY INDEX, 1875: Established by W. C. Coates. Lasted twoor three months.CURIOSITY HUNTER, +1876: A paper published September, 1827,to July, 1874, at Rockford; discontinued; resumed at Belvidere.

26 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRECORDER, 1878-1881: Founded by C. E. Kelsey and W. A.Welsher. In November, 1878, Welsher retired and C. A.Church succeeded him. Messrs. Church and Kelsey publishedthe paper as a semi- weekly until 1881.BEMENT, PIATT COUNTYUNION, 1 86 1 Established by James Shoaff. Short-lived.:COURIER, iS6g(7)- (?): Weekly.FARMERS' :ADVOCATE, 1873-1875 Mit. A. Bates was editor andpublisher.REGISTER, 1875-1877: J. H. Jacobs, editor and publisher. Republican.INDEPENDENT, 1878: Established bypendent. Short-lived.BENSONBenn Biddlecome. Inde-JOURNAL, i872-(after 1880) E. F. Baldwin, editor and : publisher.1874-1875; Journal Company, 1876 Republican.BENTON, FRANKLIN COUNTYSTANDARD, 1849 to date: Democratic paper eaited byIra VanNortwick, 1849-1850; Edward V. Pierce, 1850; Mr. Pierceand John G. Goessman, 1850-1851 Mr.; Goessman, 1851-1857.For a year or two James Macklin was associated with Mr. Goessman.Up to the time Mr. Goessman became editor the pressand material were owned by citizens of Benton. Edited anapublished by Mr. Pierce, 1857-1858. From before 1879, andafter 1887, A. M. Brownlee was editor and publisher. Hassettand Outten, who changed the name to Plaindealer, moved theconcern to Du Quoin and established the Du Quoin Republican,advocatingthe election of Lincoln as United States Senator.(Boss,' Early Newspapers oj Illinois, p. 17.) * Only partialfiles in office. UFDEMOCRAT, 1860- (?): Edited and published by A. and G.Sellars.NATIONAL BANNER, 1868:Edited and published by Thomas Gallagher.Republican. Short-lived.BAPTIST BANNER, 1874- (after 1881) A :Baptist church publicationwith W. P. Throgmorton editor, and J. C. Turner, publisher.Apparently it was moved to Cairo in 1881 and there publishedas Banner and Gleaner.1Boss's statement seems in error, as the editor of Standard asserts that ithas been published continuously in Benton since 1849, and is still there.

BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY 27FRANKLIN COUNTY CHRONICLE, 1879 to date: Established by JohnA. Wall. Sometime later owned by Charles H. Sneed.James S. Barr, Jr. was editor and publisher in 1887. Plantburned in (?).Afterward James Barr revived the paperunder the name Republican. Sold to R. D. Kirkpatrick; thento J.T. Chenault and W. W. McCreery (Mr. Chenault waseditor) ; in 1898 to Harry L. Trier, who still conducts it.Republican.FRANKLIN COUNTY COURIER, 1874-1877: Hinson and Garner,1875-1876; J. M. Hinson and Brother, 1877. Democratic in1875; Independent, 1876-1877.BIGGSVILLE, HENDERSON COUNTYHENDERSON PLAINDEALER, 1867-1869: Movea from Oquawkaby a stock company and edited by Ira D. Chamberlin. Aftera yearit was turned over to Judson Graves. After about a yearand a half he removed the paper to Kirkwood, and afterwardto Galesburg.CLIPPER, May 29, 1875 to date: Established by M. M. Rowley,who was editor and proprietor until May i, 1908. He is stillproprietor, but S. Frank Rowley has been editor and publishersince May i, 1908. Republican.BLANDINSVILLE, McDONOUGH COUNTYARGUS, 1857 (?) + : It was published for about a year byGeorge W. Smith, who was followed by Charles Cornell. Itwas changed to the Hustler, and is now the Gazette, edited andpublished by John H. Bayliss. Democratic. FLANCET, 1869-1871 R. L. Kimble, editor and : publisher. Neutral.ERA, 1875-1876: W. C. Brown, was editor and publisher. Independent.MCDONOUGH COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1877- (?): A Democraticpaper, edited and published in 1879 by J. G. Hammond. GeorgeS. Fuhr, editor in 1880. Still extant in 1881.BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTYOBSERVER AND MCLEAN COUNTY ADVOCATE, January 14, 1837-1839: The firstnewspaper published in McLean County;founded by James Allin, Jesse W. Fell, and General A. Gridley.The first editor was William Hill; after a year he was succeededby Jesse W. Fell. The material for the paper was shipped fromPhiladelphia via New Orleans and was several months in transit.The issue of January 13, 1838, is in the Withers Public Library ;that of April 22, 1837, owned by McLean County HistoricalSociety.P

a8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMCLEAN COUNTY REGISTER, 1845-1846: Started by Russell B.Mitchell, who was succeeded by C. P. Merriman. He began theWESTERN WHIG, 1846-1852 + Established :by C. P. Merriman, 1846-1849; Messrs. Johnson and Underwood, 1849-1851 ; publishedby Messrs. Merriman and Jesse W. Fell, and edited by Mr. Fell,1851-1852. Files in Withers Public Library; vol. 3, no. 45-vol. no. 5, 52; (September 18, 1849 November 19, 1851,many missing). McLean County Historical Society has oddcopies from December 25, 1847, to August 27, 1851. In 1852Mr. Merriman became its proprietor, the name having beenchanged by Mr. Fell to thePFINTELLIGENCER, +1852-1853+: Mr. Merriman changed the name tothe Pantagraph. File, January 14, 1852 -November 16, 1853,in Withers Public Library. Copies owned by McLean CountyHistorical Society.PSPANTAGRAPH, + 1853 ( ?) to date : In June, 1854, Jacob Morris boughta half interest; C. P. Merriman became sole owner and editorin November, 1855. In 1855 he sold to William E. Foote, who,with E. J. Lewis as editor, continued it tillJanuary, 1860. Thenin 1861 he was succeeded by Carpenter, Steele, and Briggs;then, in 1867, by John D. Scibird and Orin Waters; Jesse W.Fell, W. O. Davis and James P. Taylor, 1868. Editorssince E. J. Lewis: William E. Foote, H. B. Norton, ThomasMoore, J. H. Burnham, F. J. Briggs, B. F. Diggs, E. R. Roe,J. B. Bates, W. O. Davis. Davis was publisher and proprietor,February 20, 1871, to December 18, 1907, when the propertywas incorporated, with W. O. Davis, president, H. O. Davis, vicepresident,C. C. Marquis, secretary ana treasurer. Started as aweekly, a daily was issued beginning June 19, 1854. After afew months it was changed to tri- weekly, till October, 1855.Weekly till February 23, 1857; daily and weekly ever since.Republican. The Pantagraph has long been one of the bestknown papers in Illinois because of its conservatism and reliability.The peculiar name is explained by C. P. Merriman asderived from panta, neuter accusative plural of the Greek adjunctpas, plus graph, imperative of grapho.Complete filein rooms of McLean Co. Hist. Soc. AUPSFREVEILLE, 1848-1850: A Democratic paper started by JamesShoaff, editor, and Joseph Duncan. Removed to Pekin. Copiesowned by McLean County Historical Society.STATE BULLETIN, May, 1850-1853+: Established by H. K. Davis;edited and published by him until 1852. Sold to E. Strafford.In 1853 edited by Washington Wright and owned by C. Wakefield.In the same year its name was changed to

BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY 29ILLINOIS CENTRAL TIMES, +1853-1855 + : Conducted by W. Wrightuntil 1854 then ; by Wright, Underwood and Sharp then; boughtby Meyers and Miller; then Meyers and D. J. Combs; boughtby J. and B. F. Snow in 1855. The establishment was destroyedby fire in October, 1855. The paper soon reappeared as the STIMES, November, + i855~August, 1862: The paper was conductedby J. and B. F. Snow with such marked southern proclivitiesand such expressions of sympathy for the southern statesthat the ninety-fourth regiment, Illinois Volunteers, a McLeanCounty regiment, abetted by prominent citizens, destroyed theoffice and press, and with them the paper, in August, 1862. ANATIONAL FLAG, 1855-1858+ Published :by Samuel Pike and his son,Wallace Pike ;a daily edition was published in 1857 by Edson andAiken. It became the McLean Co. Hist. Soc. Lib. FILLINOIS STATESMAN, +1858-1860: Published by Henry P. Merrimanand Charles E. Orme. McLean Co. Hist. Lib.ILLINOIS TEACHER, 1855-1857+: The first annual state teachers'institute, held at Peoria originated the idea of the Teacher. W.F. N. Arny was appointedits first editor. It was conducted atBloomington for two years, with Merriman and Morris as publishers;then it was moved to Peoria, and later to Springfield. SILLINOIS BAPTIST, 1856-1858 (?): A religious publication, publishedby William P. Withers edited ; by S. J. Bundy, H. J.Eddy, and E. R. Roe. After a brief career it was combined withNorthwestern Baptist or Christian Times of Chicago.McLean Co. His. Soc. Lib. FMCLEAN COUNTY ECHO, June 12, 1863-1864: A daily, edited andpublished by C. P. Merriman. Vol. i, nos. i, 6, 9, 15 owned byMcLean Co. His. Soc. Lib.REPUBLICAN, May, 1865-1774: Established as a daily, with MajorS. P. Remington as editor. Soon changed to weekly, and conductedby A. B. Holmes and brother.REPUBLICAN ADVERTISER, 1865-1874: A bi-weekly advertisingsheet issued by the Republican.MCLEAN COUNTY JOURNAL, 1865-1868+ Established :by F. F. Luseand E. B. Buck. It was sold to A. J. Goff and changed toJOURNAL, 1868+ : A. J. Goff was editor and proprietor. In November,1868 Goff sold to Scibird and Waters, who changedit toLEADER, +November 15, i868-May, 1899: John D. Scibird andOrin Waters were proprietors and Elias Smith editor. Establishedas a weekly, an afternoon daily was started February 22,1869. This soon changed to a morning issue but was changed toevening again in 1870. B. F. Diggs and C. P. Merriman were

30 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSpolitical editors; owned by a stock company,i872-i874,with OrinWaters as manager. In 1874 Orin Waters became sole ownerand publisher. In 1875 the establishment became the propertyof M. F. Leland; in 1891 Leader Publishing Company; in 1893L. A. Cass was owner and editor; in 1897 Owen Scott and H.C. De Motte, who continued the publication until 1899, whenit was absorbed by the Bulletin. Republican. PUDEMOCRAT, April, 1868-1873+: S. S. Parke and D. B. Williamsare mentioned as the first editors, followed by C. L. Steele, P. H.HayandE. P. Stephenson. Weekly until April, 1871 ; daily andweekly after that date. Purchased by Joseph Carter and renamed .ANTI-MONOPOLIST, + August, 1873-1874+: Established by S. S.Parke. After August, 1873, it was edited and owned by JosephCarter. Ably edited and frequently quoted. It was merged withthe McLean County Anti-Monopolist.ANZEIGER, i868-i873(?): A German paper established by G.Clemen. In 1872 C. M. Henrici was editor and proprietor; in1873 Dr. E. H. Makk, after which it seems to have been discontinued.Became a semi-weekly. Republican.TEMPERANCE STANDARD, 1868-1873: A paper devoted to temperanceand prohibition. J. E. Nichols was editor and owner.WESLEYANA, 1866-- (?): Issued at Wesleyan University. JamesH. Shaw was editor ;R. A. Eaton and R. B. Cresswell, publishers.MERCHANTS' ADVERTISER, 1868: Published by A. B. Holmes.Short-lived.SCHOOLMASTER, 1873-1886+ : Successor, in a way, to the IllinoisSchoolteacher. John Hull was the first editor. He was succeededby Aaron Gove, E. C. Hewitt and John W. Cook. Mr.Cook and R. R. Reeder edited it until 1886, when George P.Brown became editor and the title was changed to Public SchoolJournal. The name was again changed inSchool Education.1900 to Home andHADVANCE, (before 1870) : Had a brief existence.EVENING ARGUS (before 1870):DEUTSCHE VOLKS-ZEITUNG, 1870: Edited by Carl Vesofski. Shortlived.MCLEAN COUNTY DEUTSCHE PRESSE, March, i87o-(?): Establishedby John Koester, and conducted by him until his death,when it was discontinued. Liberal in politics.For severalyears it was the only German paper in the county.ALUMNI JOURNAL, June, 1870-1876: Issued by Illinois WesleyanUniversity. Edited by Professors H. C. De Motte and B. S.Potter. It was succeeded byU

BLOOMINGTON, McLEAN COUNTY 31STUDENTS' JOURNAL, 1877-1881 Published by the Students' PublishingAssociation of Illinois Wesleyan University; edited by:H. C. De Motte. Monthly.REAL ESTATE JOURNAL, 1871-1876: O. B. Harris was editor andproprietor.BANNER or HOLINESS, October, i872-(after 1881) Established:by Henry Reynolds and John P. Brooks. Brooks sold to L. B.Kemp in 1874; Dr. J. E. Voak became publisher in 1875, andBrooks was editor. Religious.LITTLE WATCHMAN, 1872 (?) A :Sunday School paper publishedby the Leader Company, with Levi H. Bowling and KnoxP. Taylor as editors and owners.ILLINOIS TRADE REVIEW, November, 1872: Established by A. J.Goff and E. C. Hewitt. Short-lived.ENTERPRISE, 1873 Published by Patrick H. Day.:WESTERN JURIST, May, i874-April 28, 1881: A monthly law journal,edited by Thomas F. Tipton published by Tipton and Hill,;1874-1876; Newton B. Reed was associate editor, William Hilland Company publishers, 1876-1877; Thomas F. Tipton andJames B. Black (Indianapolis, Ind.), editors, Newton B. Reed,managing editor, 1877-1878; Orlando W. Aldrich, editor, 1878-1881. Title was changed with vol. 4 to Monthly Jurist; thename and character were changed with the issue of June 26, 1879(vol. 6, no. 9) to Weekly Jurist, a Newspaper. DiscontinuedApril 28, 1881. HMCLEAN COUNTY ANTI-MONOPOLIST, 1874: Removed from Saybrookby O. C. Sabin. After one year A. Goff J. bought theAnti-Monopolist and combined with it the Saybrook Bannerunder this title.Supported the Grange movement. It wasprobably succeeded after about a year byREPUBLIC, 1875: A short-lived paper edited and published by A.J. Goff.POST, 1874-1878 A German : weekly established by H. UJ. Stierlin.APPEAL, 1875 An :independent weekly established by Henry Sturgesand Thomas Wolfe. Suspended after about a year.WESTERN ADVANCE, 1875-1879: Established and edited by RobertD. Addis and George L. Curtis.ODD FELLOWS HERALD, i876-i89i(?) Established :by MatthewT. Scott, with George M. Adams as editor. Removed about 1891.DEMOCRATIC NEWS, January, 1877-1879: Edited and publishedby Dudley Creed. Consolidated with the Courier, November,1879. P

32 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSUNDAY HERALD, July, 1877 : Continued for only three months.HERALD OF HEALTH, 1878 (?): Published by Dr. Elias W.Gray. Not mentioned in newspaper directory of 1879.SPIRIT OF THE GRANGE, July 22, 1876 ( ?) A : weekly, publishedby R. M. Guy. Vol. i, no. 7, August 3, 1876, owned by McLeanCounty Historical Society.SUNDAY MORNING STAR, 1879-1880: A. B. Holmes, publisher.Short-lived.SUNDAY MORNING EYE, January, 1878-1898: A society and literarypaper, the second attempt at Sunday journalism in Bloomington.Established by H. R. Persinger, who sold in 1886 to George M.Hutchin. Mr. Hutchin sold to the Bulletin in 1898 and thepaper was no longer published. The paperis referred to in oneplace as Saturday Truth and Sunday Eye.JOURNAL, 1878 to date: A German paper established by FrederickA. Schmitt. After a few months H. Meyer became editorand owner. It was later bought by Julius Dietrich, who stillconducts it.WEEKLY COURIER, 1879: A short-lived Sunday journal.BLUE ISLAND,COOK COUNTYHERALD, 1873-1876+ Established by C. A. Feistcorn. In 1876 a:daily was established under the name of Press. Changed toSTANDARD, + 1876 to date : A. F. Freed, editor and publisher, 1877-;Wade Errett and John Volp were editors and publishers,1890-1894; Wade Errett, 1894-1904; L. L. Errett, 1904-1908;C. Errett, 1908 to date. Independent. PBLUFFS, SCOTT COUNTYRECORD, April 25, 1878- (?): Edited by Dr. W. C. Carver andpublished by him and James Linkins. W. C. Carver soon becamesole proprietor and editor.BRADFORD, STARK COUNTYCHRONICLE, 1871-1872: Established by B. F. Thomson, editor,and E. H. Edwards, publisher. It was printed at Princetonuntil the Wyoming Post was started, after which it was printedat that office. Short-lived.BRAIDWOOD, WILL COUNTYWESTERN MINER, 1870-1872: John James and William Moone)were editors ;Alexander Mclntosh, publisher.NEWS, 1872-1874: Established by Jacob Warner. Soon sold toOliver J. Smith.

BUCKINGHAM, KANKAKEE COUNTY 33JOURNAL, 1872-1876: Established by Thomas Simonton, and conductedby him until 1876.REPUBLICAN, June, 1875- (after 1881) Established by Fred Dalton.:Soon sold to H. H. Parkinson. Became a daily in 1877.HERALD, 1876 A :campaign paper run by Jacob Warner.DAILY PHCENIX, 1877 Established :by R. W. Nelson. Only a fewnumbers issued.REPORTER, i879-(after 1884) : Established by Edward D. Conley-BRIGHTON, MACOUPIN COUNTYADVANCE, April, 1871-1880: A. G. Meacham was editor and proprietoruntil 1875, when A. M. Parker bought in the ShipmanTrue Flag and the firm became Meacham and Parker. R. D.Suddeth leased Meacham's interest in 1876. and was succeededin 1877 by L. H. Chapin. Parker bought Meacham's share inthe next year and continued the paper. Neutral in politics till1876, thenceforward Republican. UNEWS, 1879 to date: Established with Holly Glenny as editor;Snively and Kessner, publishers. After a year L. H. Chapinsucceeded Glenny. Later a Mr. Robertson bought the paper;then Frank Merrill, succeeded by William C. Merrill. A. Williamand George Amass bought the paper from Merrill, andin 1907 sold to W. D. and Roscoe Franklin. Theysold Januaryi, 1909, to W. B. Teistort, and he, July i, 1909, to Frank W.Lauck.BRIMFIELD, PEORIA COUNTYGAZETTE, 1874-1879+: Established by R. H. Miller, who latermoved the paper to Elmwood and from there issued a Brimfieldedition with C. H. Hamilton as associate editor. Independent. UPEORIA COUNTY NEWS, 1879 to date: Established by Moody andChapman; sold to R. P. Chaddock, 1880; Charles F. Overacker,1888; J. F. Pope and Addison Pacey, 1889; Addison Pacey,in the office. The name has1894 to date. Files since 1889 been changed to the Brimfield News.Independent.BRISTOL, KENDALL COUNTYKENDALL CLARION, 1859-1861.BUCKINGHAM, KANKAKEE COUNTYMONITOR, 1879+ : Established by William L. Courow. Bought byJohn W. Bartholomew and changed toNEWS, +i879-(after 1883) Established by John W. :Bartholomew;sold to a Mr. Van Doren, who was conductingit in 1883. It hassince been discontinued.

34 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBUCKLEY, TROQUOIS COUNTYENQUIRER, 1875- - (?): Lowe and Riggs were editors andpublishers, 1875-1876; Lowe and Cowan, 1877; Lowe andWarren, 1880; E. W. Warren, 1882; J. F. Pierson, 1884. Independent.Printed at the office of the Onarga Review.BUDA, BUREAU COUNTYTELEGRAPH, 1869-1870: Charles M. King, editor and publisher.CALL, October 26, 1877-1879: Established by M. M. Monteithand continued about two years.HOME GUARD, 1879-+- Established :by H. P. Fitch. Soon changedtoWEEKLY CALL, + 1879+: And sold to D. B. Payne, who changed thename to:GLEANER, +^7 9-1 880+ This continued one year, when it becamethe Bureau County Times, In 1882 it became the Buda PressAfterward discontinued.BUNKER HILL, MACOUPIN COUNTYJOURNAL, December, i859-May, 1860: Edited by E. J. Bronson.UNION GAZETTE, January, i866-i869(?)-f-: Established by A. W.Edwards and conducted by him as a Republican paper untilJanuary, 1867, when he sold to A. R. Sawyer and F. Y. Hedley,who made itIndependent in politics. Sawyer died in 1868 andthe paper again became Republican under Hedley. The namewas changed toGAZETTE, + i869(?) to date: F. Y. Hedley continued as editor andproprietor until January, 1878, when W. S. Silence becamepublisher. Said and Poorman leased the paper in January, 1879.Later, Phil C. Hansen edited the paper for a stock company oflocal merchants, who boughtit about 1895. Hansen bought thestock later and sold in 1903 to W. B. Powell, then running theNews (established 1900), who combined the two as Gazette-News,an Independent paper. He sold to Edward Wilson in 1904,who a year later sold to Truesdale, the present editor andpublisher. Independent Republican. PBUSHNELL, McDONOUGH COUNTYUNION PRESS, 1865-1868+: Established by D. G. Swan. Afterabout two years he sold to Andrew Hageman, who changeditsname toRECORD, +1868 to date: After two years sold to A. W. Van Dyke;he sold in 1873 to S. A. Epperson and W. A. Spencer. Eppersonbecame sole owner in 1874. In 1879it was edited and published

CAIRO, ALEXANDER COUNTY 35by the Record Publishing Company. In 1907 John R. Campwas editor and publisher. Republican.D. G. Swan was editor and publisher.PEOPLE'S PAPER, 1872-1873 :GLEANER, January, i876-(after 1884): Established and edited byJ. E. Cummings; Van Dyke and Cummings, 1882; A. W. VanDyke, 1884. Independent. Discontinued.BYRON, OGLE COUNTYNEWS, 1874-1877 Established by Isaac B. Bickford, who had :purchasedthe Forreston Journal, moved it to Byron and changedits name. It was not revived after the fire of November 13,1877, when the office was entirely destroyed.TIMES, 1876 (?) : Established by E. H. Love, soon succeeded byDr. Win. F. Artz, who sold to C. E. Howe. On May i, 1877 G.W. Hawkes purchased an interest in the paper, and it was publishedby Howe and Hawkes until October 22, 1877, when Howeretired and Hawkes assumed entire management. Apparentlyit had been discontinued before 1881.EXPRESS, 1878 (?): Ervin and Hewitt were editors andpublishers; in 1884, A. W. Ervin.CAIRO, ALEXANDER COUNTYGAZETTE, 1841 Established by a Mr. McNeer. The paper was:forced to discontinue after a short time, owing to its failure tosupport one Holbrook, then the most influential man of Cairo.DELTA, 1848-1849: Established by Add Saunders; neutral as topolitics.A file, April 13, 1848 July, 1849, is extant in Cairo. FSUN, 1851-1852: Established by Frank Rawlings. It was run inthe interest of the Emporium City Company, which companydesired to break down Cairo and to build the great city at thatDemocratic.point.CITY TIMES, 1851-1855+: Edited by Len G. Faxon and W. A.Hacker, 1854-1855; latter part of 1855 by Hacker and Willett.It was merged with the Delta. Democratic.DELTA, 1855 + : It contained in its columns but little politics.Edited by L. G. Faxon, and after four months' existence it unitedwith the Times and became known as theTIMES AND DELTA, +1855-1859: Edited by Faxon and E. Willett.Tri-weekly and weekly.EGYPTIAN, 1856+: Established by Messrs. Bond and McGinnis.This was Ben Bond, the youngest son of the first governor ofIllinois. Democratic. It soon passed under the control ofS. S. Brooks, and the name was changed to F

36 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGAZETTE, +1856-1864: Edited by Mr. Brooks, 1856-1858; John A.and James Hull, 1858-1859; M. B. Kartell, 1859-1864. Itwas destroyed by fire in 1858 and the Messrs. Hull moved theCarbondale Transcript to Cairo. Harrell sold the paper in 1864to Cairo News Company, Republican, organized by John H.Barton.JOURNAL, 1858: Published for only a few months. A Germanpaper.ZEITUNG, 1859: Published semi- weekly for four months. It wasissued from the office of the Gazette.EGYPTIAN OBELISK, 1861: Established by William Hunter; Republican;continued through two issues only.DAILY NEWS, 1863-1865: Established by a joint stock companyunder management of John W. Trover; Republican; the firstCairo paper to take the Associated Press dispatches. DanMunn, its first editor, was succeeded in a short time by John A.Hull. Publication continued intermittently until 1865.DEMOCRAT, August 3, 1863-1868: Daily and weekly; establishedby Thomas Lewis, who moved it from Springfield, Illinois. Thiswas the first effort made to run a fully equipped metropolitandaily in Cairo. A serious obstacle was the maintenance of martiallaw in the town. All of southern Illinois and parts of Kentuckyand Missouri supported the Democrat. H. C. Bradsbywas first editor, assisted by C. C. Phillips and John W. McKee.Bradsby was succeeded after one year by J. Birney Marshall,who, retiring after some months, was succeeded by Joel G.Morgan. After a short time John H. Oberly replaced Morgan.In 1868 the Democrat and the Cairo Times, were consolidatediunder the name Democrat; John H. Oberly, editor; H. L.Goodall, general superintendent. After fifteen months the paperwas sold by the sheriff to John H. Oberly, and publicationceased. Files are owned by Hon. J. M. Lansden, as follows:October- December, 1865; 1866, 1867, a part of 1868. SHPCAMP REGISTER: May, June, July, 1861. Daily, for soldiers mostly.DAILY DRAMATIC NEWS, winter of 1864-1865 Published by H. L.:Goodall in the interest of the Cairo Atheneum.WAR EAGLE, +1864-1866+: A soldiers' paper first published atColumbus, Kentucky, by H. L. Goodall, who moved it, 1864, toCairo; Republican; enlarged and published from the latter partof 1866 as theTIMES, +1866-1878+: Major Caffrey was general editor.After a brief suspension it was revived, 1868-1871, by H. L.Goodall. In 1869it was published by Goodall Brothers. In

CAIRO, ALEXANDER COUNTY 371878 it was absorbed by the Democrat. Files of the War Eagle,for three or four months including April, 1865, are owned by Mr.Lansden. Republican. Daily, then daily and weekly. PMONDAY LEADER, March, 1865 (?): Vol. i, no. 4, April 17,1865, is in the Public Library. PCITY ITEM, September, 1865-1866: Established by Bradsbyand Field; not a serious effort at a paper; Independent inpolitics ; lived something over a year. PUNION, 1866: Established by H. L. Goodall; Mr. Hutchinson,editor. The paper was soon sold to J. H. Barton and publicationdiscontinued. Republican.SUNDAY LEADER, 1866: Established by Edward S. Trover. Aliterary paper, issued every Sunday morning;its editor wasthe sole contributor.OLIVE BRANCH, 1867 : By Mrs. Mary Hutchinson; a family paper;lived one year.BULLETIN, November, 1868 to date: Daily; established by JohnH. Oberly, who was chief editor, with M. B. Harrell as associate.July, 1878, the office was leased to Mr. Burnett, who, January i,1 88 1, became sole owner and proprietor. During the first yearsof Burnett's control, M. B. Harrell was editor. He was succeededby Ernest Thielecke, and he, by the present editor, E. W.Thielecke. Files, 1868-1882, are owned by Hon. J. M. Lansden.PUSUN, 1869-1881 Established by D. L. Davis. After a few months,:changed to a daily and soon thereafter sold to the Jay brothers,who, having discontinued the publication of the Sun startedthe News, January i, 1881. After the daily was establishedthe weekly was called Sun and Commercial. A file, August-October, 1878, is owned by Hon. J. M. Lansden. UPAPER, 1871-1876: Established by M. B. Harrell; name changedafter a short time to Gazette, which it remained until 1876,when the paper was sold and moved to Clinton, Kentucky.Democratic.COMMERCIAL, 1872-1873-!-: Louis L. Davis was editor. Consolidatedwith Sun in 1873.ARGUS- JOURNAL, + i876-October, 1907:Begun in 1864 at MoundCity as Weekly Argus and Mound City Journal, this paper wasmoved to Cairo in 1876, named Argus-Journal, and issued fromboth towns. Edited and published by H. F. Potter. Independent.Soon after the office was moved to Cairo, there was issuedfrom the same office theU

38 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDAILY ARGUS, i878-October, 1907: An independent paper editedand published by H. F. Potter. It was discontinued with thepreceding.RADICAL REPUBLICAN, 1878: Issued for a short time from the officeof the Sun. Louis L. Davis was editor and publisher.THREE STATES, (?) -February, 1883: Colored; politics unknown;died February, 1883.GAZETTE, (?) - ( ?) : W.proprietor,and publisher.CALEDONIA, PULASKI COUNTYPULASKI DEMOCRAT, (?) (?):for 1856 as published by Mr. Miller.T. Scott, a negro, was editor,Given in Gerhard's listCAMBRIDGE, HENRY COUNTYHENRY COUNTY GAZETTE, i853-i856(?): Edited by J. W. Eystra.Sold to citizens of Kewanee.HENRY COUNTY CHRONICLE, 1858 to date: The first editor was Dr.Dunn, 1858-1861. In 1860 Messrs. Patten and Denison leasedthe office and press of the company. Mr. Patten was both ownerand editor, 1861-1866; Everett and Casson, 1866-1867 ; GeorgeC. Smithe, 1867 till after 1879; ^n I 97 edited and published byJohn M. Mavity.DEMOCRAT, July, 1869-18714- 'Started by a number of Democrats,with L. J. Rock, from the Chicago Times, as editor. After a fewmonths it was sold, and then edited by J. G. Ayers until 1871,when it was sold to B. W. Seaton, who brought his Prairie Chieffrom Galva via Toulon and renamed the DemocratPRAIRIE CHIEF, + November, 1871 to date: Given in Rowell as aDemocratic paper established in 1867, and edited and publishedin 1879 by B. W. Seaton. The name was afterward changed toChief. In February, 1902, B. W. Seaton sold his interest to hisson, John H. Seaton, the present editor and publisher.CAMP POINT, ADAMS COUNTYENTERPRISE, April, i866-November, 1872: Established by WilliamR. Carr. In 1869 Ira D. Chamberlain was editor and E.E. B. Sawyer, publisher. Material purchased to establish theJournal. No files in existence.JOURNAL, February, 1873 to date: Established by George W.Cyrus and Thomas Bailey. Mr. Bailey retired in 1876; Mr.Cyrus still publishes the paper. Independent in politics. Completefiles in the office.U

CANTON, FULTON COUNTYCANTON, FULTON COUNTY 39HERALD, 1837 Edited by G. B. Perry and P. Stone. It was short-lived.:WESTERN TELEGRAPH, 1840-1841-)-: Edited by Stone and Christ.Changed toFULTON :TELEGRAPH, +1841 Edited by Messrs. A. L. Davison andP. Stone, and published by Mr. Stone. AFULTON BANNER, 1843- (?): Augustus R. Sparks was editorand publisher in 1846. Democratic. ADEMOCRATIC REPOSITORY, 1847-1848: Edited by C. J. Sellon.REGISTER, 1849 to date: For a few months it was edited by C. J.Sellon, and the next few months by Slaughter and Sharkey. WithMr. Sharkey as sole proprietor it was edited for a short time byJohn S. Winter. In 1849 Mr. Sharkey secured the services ofJohn S. Brooks as editor, when it became a Democratic organ,being neutral before. It soon became neutral again, but opposedthe Kansas-Nebraska bill. In 1856it became Republican. InFebruary, 1850, its publication ceased and the office fell into thehands of T. Maple, who, in August, 1850, sold it to Thomas J.Walker of Belleville, Illinois. He revived it and employed WilliamH. Haskell as editor. M. A. L. Davidson became partnerand editor. From 1852 to 1853 the paper was run by Mr. Nicoletand Mr. Davidson. In 1853 Mr. Davidson died and his interestwas purchased by Alpheus Davison it now became neutral asto politics. It was suspended for two months in 1862, both ofits proprietors being in the army. In 1866 the firm name becameNicolet and Magie, issuing a Republican paper. Later the firmname was Magie and Tanquary; in 1875 Mr. Magie becamesole proprietor. Jesse N. Berry and E. R. Magie, son of formereditor, leased and edited it from 1877-1878, when James K.Magie and Son became its editors. In 1878it favored theNational Greenback party and lost its influence. Then C. E.Snively purchased it, changed it to a Republican organ, and hasconducted it ever since. Files in the office. A daily was startedin 1890. SUFILLINOIS PUBLIC LEDGER, 1854 to date: It was started at Lewistownin 1850, and is now known as the Fulton County Ledger.Edited by Griffith and Bideman, 1854-1856; Thornton andBideman, 1856-1857; S. Y. Thornton, i857~August 2, 1909,on which date S. Y. Thornton died and was succeeded by hisson, W. E. Thornton. Mr. Thornton was the first editor to givespace to local notes in the Ledger. The Illinois Public Ledgerwas changed to the Fulton Ledger, and after Mr. Thornton gotpossession it was changed to the Fulton County Ledger. Democratic.F

40 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSADVERTISER, 1877-1879-!-: Established by Horace J. Leigh andGilbert L. Miller. Successively non-partisan, Republican,non-partisan. C. W. Kent purchased Mr. Miller's interests in1879, when the paper changedits name toCOURIER, +1873-1875: Davidson and Son, editors and publishers.ILLINOIS MASTER WORKMAN, 1875-1878:Succeeded byADVERTISER, 1878 (?) : This was succeeded by"TIMES, 1879 ( ?) : Independent of party or sect." Succeededin turn by Republican, Cantonian, and Leader, the last of whichexpired in 1906. HCAPRON, BOONE COUNTYMESSENGER, 1869-1871:Edited and published by Wing and Sawyer,1870; M. W. Nesmith and Rev. J. Hitchcock, 1871.HERALD, 1878 (?)- 1887 :or ten years" and discontinued it in 1887.CARBONDALE, JACKSON COUNTYA. H. S. Perkins ran this paper "for eightTRANSCRIPT, 1857-1858+ Edited by : J. A. Hull. The paper wasmoved to Cairo in 1858. Files in possession of General D. H.Brush, U. S. A. (See Cairo Gazette.}TIMES, 1859-1863+-: Established and edited by J. A. Hull. AlthoughDemocratic in its politics it denounced the Southerncause and strongly favored the Union. It is said to have beenthe first Democratic paper in the West to assume this attitude.Hull sold in 1863 to J. H. Vincent, who changed the name toNEW ERA, +1863-1873+:J. H. Vincent, who had made the paperRepublican, sold to John H. Barton in 1866. In 1870, J. H. Bartonis named as editor; Hull and Roberts, 1871 ; John A. Hull, 1872.Sold to Reverend Andrew Luce, who changed the name toOBSERVER, + i873~i883( ?): Luce sold after several years to ColonelD. H. Brush, who soon sold to C. W. Jerome. Reverend Mr.Holding became editor. In 1876 Will, Van Benthusen and Morganbought the paper, but in 1877 it reverted to Mr. Jerome,who later sold to A. Ackerman, who was editor and publisher in1879. Republican.HERALD OF TRUTH, i869(?) (?) : Weekly.JACKSON COUNTY ERA AND SOUTHERN ILLINOISAN, 1873 (?):Published at Murphysboro dated from ;Murphysboro and Carbondale.Republican. (See Murphysboro.)

CARLINVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTY 41DEMOCRAT, 1876: A Democratic campaign sheet established byBell Irvin, who edited it tillAugust, when it was taken in chargeby John W. Burton. He sold to Morgan Brothers, who startedtheFREE PRESS, 1877 to date : Edited at first by J. H. Barton ;and publishedby the Free Press Company in 1907. It ismanaged byCharles Reith and John Galbraith. A daily was started in 1903.CARLINVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTYMACOUPIN STATESMAN, March 4, 1852-1855-)-:Edited by JeffersonL. Dugger, 1852-1855. It was an advocate of Whig principles.Changed toSFMACOUPIN COUNTY SPECTATOR, +1855-1868+: Edited by GeorgeH. Holliday, who made it a Democratic paper, 1855-1857 ;Charles E. Foote, 1857-1858; John F. Meginness, 1858-1861;Messrs. Shinkel and Gray, 1861-1862; Horace Gwin, 1862;J. R. Flynn and P. B. Vanderen, 1862. The last named soonbecame the responsible proprietor and editor and he continuedit until 1868, when the Merritts of Springfield and J. A. I. Birdsellbecame possessed of it.Pending the negotiations betweenFoote and Meginness the Spectator was suspended from December21, 1858, to January 12, 1859. The Merritts were connectedwith the paper for only a short time. Birdsell changedits name toMACOUPIN TIMES-, +1868-1871+: He remained its editor, 1868-1870; H. R. Whipple, 1870-1871. In 1871 the leading men ofthe Democratic party of Carlinville concluded to form a jointstock company and publish a more thoroughly Democraticpaper. The work of canvassing for the stock was assigned toRestores C. Smalley. When the stock was sold and the moneyraised, the company bought the Times printing office. Thename of the paper was changed toMACOUPIN COUNTY ENQUIRER, +1871 to date: Edited by E. A.Snively, 1871-1877 Samuel; Reed, 1877-1879. In 1873 the companyleased the institution to Mr. Snively and he publishedit until1877, when W. H. Reed leased it. In January, 1879, Reed wassucceeded by E. A. Snively and L. C. Glessner, and in March,1883, Mr. Glessner sold out to Mr. Snively, who soon sold thepaper to E. B. Buck. In August, 1886, W. J. and C. J. Lumpkintook charge of the paper and eventually bought it. Since thehas beendeath of W. J. Lumpkin a few years ago C. J. Lumpkinowner, editor, and publisher. When Messrs. Snively and Glessnersucceeded Mr. Reed, they discontinued the Herald. Thepaper was semi-weekly until 1879. A daily was started in 1896.Democratic.

42 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFREE DEMOCRAT, September 6, 1856-1867-!-: Edited by WilliamC. Phillips for the first month ;Mr. Phillips and Henry M. Kimball,1856-1859. Phillips announced in the first number thatthe paper was Republican, would support Fremont and standby the ticket of the Bloomington convention. In 1859 Mr.Kimball purchased Mr. Phillips' interest and remained soleproprietor for eight years. When Mr. Kimball assumed proprietorshipJohn M. Palmer took charge of the editorial departmentas political editor and continued so till near the end of theyear, when he was nominated for Congress. From that date till1867, Mr. Kimball was sole editor and proprietor. In March,1867, the name was changed to AFDEMOCRAT, -(-March, 1867 to date: Edited and managed by A. W.Edwards and H. M. Kimball, 1867-1872; H. M. Kimball, 1872-1879. A. G. David was manager 1879-1881. Since 1882 itwas published and edited by A. G. David until October i, 1901,when James E. McClure bought A. G. David's stock and becamepublisher. From 1856 to 1868 the Democrat was issued weekly,then weekly and semi- weekly until October, 1898, daily thenuntil May 24, 1902. The paper has always been Republican.There is a completefile in the office.SCONSERVATIVE, March 24-June 2, 1868: A campaign paper editedby George H. Holliday and published by the Macoupin PrintingCompany. File owned by A. G. David and by the MacoupinPrinting Company.VOLKSBLATT, May-November, 1870: A German campaign organ,with Theodore Fischer as editor.BLACKBURN GAZETTE, October, 1871-1873: A monthly quartopublished at Blackburn University. Edited by students.MACOUPIN COUNTY HERALD, March, 1879-- (?): A Democraticpaper established by L. C. Glessner, with E. A. Snivelyas editor. After a short time it was merged in the Enquirer.MACOUPIN ANZEIGER, 1879: Established by H. Schlange. German.CARLYLE, CLINTON COUNTYBEACON, 1843: Edited by George B. Price. Whig. It was suspended,revived, and changed toTRUTH TELLER, 1844-1846: Edited by Mr. Price and BenjaminBond. In 1846 Mr. Price moved to it Carrollton and foundedthe Carrollton Gazette (which see). The Truth Teller was alsoan organ of the Whigs.PRAIRIE FLOWER, 1851: Founded by Benjamin Bond and editedby E. Z. C. Judson ;later by Zophar Case.

CARLYLE, CLINTON COUNTY 43AGE OF PROGRESS, 1853-1854+ : Published by J. W. Snow andMr. Bond. Changededited bytoCALUMET OF PEACE, +1854-1859+ :Edited and published by BenjaminBond, 1854-1857; C. C. McGinnis and Henry Palliesproprietors and Mr. Bond editor, 1857-1858; Zophar Case andCompany, 1858-1859. Changed toEdited and published by C. C. McGinnisand J. W. Peterson. They changedit from a Democratic to aRepublican paper, and changed the name to Union Banner.UNION BANNER, +1863 to date: Established by McGinnis andREVIELLE, + 1859-1863 + :J. W. Peterson. McGinnis sold his half interest to Thomas S.Smith, Henry Hess, W. H. Gray and E. C. Dew. Gray and Hesswere the publishers. Gray was succeeded by J. E. Henry aseditor; in 1864 Henry was succeeded by Gray. February 2,1865, G. M. Prior and M. G. Beviall leased the office and continuedpublication until January n, 1866, when J. W. Petersonreturned from the war, bought out their claims and continuedpublication. He was editor and publisher until his death, about1898, when John Ruf bought the paper and still runs it.ZEITUNG, 1860-1861 : A German paper organized by Messrs. Mc-Ginnis and Peterson. Edited by Victor Wilhelm, later by Mr.Kayser. Continued one year.CONSTITUTION AND UNION, 1863 to date : A Democratic paper establishedby a stock company, with James Barkley as editor andbusiness manager. In 1864 he was succeeded by Zophar Case,who after two years took the subscription lists and commencedthe Vindicator, September, 1867, upon which the Constitutionand Union stockholders secured Alfred Padon to conduct thepaper. He was not satisfactory and in May, 1868, Hardin Case,son of Zophar Case, took the office under a lease of five years.Before the end of the five years Case purchased the stock andbecame sole owner. January i, 1868, a partnership was formedbetween Hardin Case and George E. Doying, which continueduntil February i, 1874, when John Schuster was admitted to thefirm. Doying retired in 1876; Schuster in 1877. M. E. Drumbought the plant in 1880 and sold to Case in 1881. Case soldJuly, 1881, to Moore and Shoupe; Shoupe and R. H. Norfolk,1885-1892 T. D. and R. M.; Shoupe, 1892-1899. W. C. Shoupeentered the firm in 1897. R. M. Shoupe retired in 1903 andT. D. and W. C. Shoupe have continued the paper under thefirm name of T. D. Shoupe and Son. The name was changed toConstitution in 1896. Files from 1881 in the office.VINDICATOR, September, 1867-1868:Established by Zophar Case.

44 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCLINTON COUNTY PIONEER, February, 1874-1878. Established byHardin Case. George E. Doying, and John Schuster. Itwas issued from the Constitution-Union office. In 1876 Doyingretired and his interest was purchased by H. Case. Schusterretired in 1877. Case sold the paper to F. Hildebrandt; publicationwas suspended in April, 1878. German.SUED ILLINOIS ZEITUNG, 1876- (about 1898) A :paper establishedby John Ruf, who was editor and proprietor until about 1898,when, on the death of J.W. Peterson, Ruf bought the UnionBanner and discontinued the Zeitung. German Republican.CARMI, WHITE COUNTYWHITE COUNTY NEWS, 1833:WHITE COUNTY ADVOCATE, +1859-1873+: A Democratic papermoved from Grayville to Carmi before the fall of 1859(See Grayville). In the course of 1858-1859 the Advocate wasedited by Henry Charles, R. F. Stewart and John Craig, whomoved it to Carmi; George A. Malone, fall of 1859 to August,1869; Charles W. Beck, August, 1869- March 20, 1873. Mr.Beck changed the name of the paper to theWEEKLY COURIER, March, i873~(after 1883): Originally the WhiteCounty Advocate; changed by Mr. Beck before he sold to W. F.Palmer, March 20, 1873. While still in Mr. Palmer's charge,February, 1881, the name was changed to the Dollar Courier.W. F. Palmer was succeeded January 15, 1882, by C. L. Hayes.Mr. Hayes was still editor of the Courier in 1883.TIMES, July, 1872 to date: Establishedby Thomas L. and AndrewJoy, with the firm name of E. Joy and Sons. E. Joy'sconnection was financial. All of the editorial and mechanicalwork was done by the Joy Brothers. From August 29, 1873, to1888 the Joy Brothers had complete charge. T. L. Joy went toCentralia in 1888 and bought the Sentinel. Republican inpolitics; the paper began its career by supporting Grant forpresident and Oglesby for governor.CARROLLTON, GREENE COUNTYADVOCATE, 1843- (?): It was the first paper published inthe county. Edited by Edward F. Fletcher who had been connectedwith the publication of the Backwoodsman in Jerseyville.GAZETTE, 1846 to date: A paper "devoted to politics, agriculture,literature and morality," edited by George B. Price,1846-1860; H. L. Clay, 1860-1863; Thomas D. Price, 1863-1881; H. H. Montgomery, 1881-1883; H. P. Farrelly, 1883-1886; then by James McNabb. W. A. Hubbard and James

CARTHAGE, HANCOCK COUNTY 45McNabb were editors and publishers in 1907. It espoused thecause of the Whig party until 1856, when itsupported John C.Fremont. Since that campaignit has advocated Democraticprinciples. Completefiles in office. FOBSERVER, about 1847: A Democratic paper listed in Illinois AnnualRegister for 1847. A. S. Tilden was editor.GREENE COUNTY BANNER, i848-( after 1849): Started by JohnFitch. Democratic. It is listed in Coggeshall's NewspaperDirectory published in 1856.DEMOCRAT, 1855-1856: Edited by H. C. Withers.PRESS, 1858-1861-+-: A Republican paper edited by S. P. Orr.Changed toPATRIOT, +1861 to date: Edited by Elder Craig, followed by WilliamB. Fairchild; Lee, Lusk and Platt; Miner and Lindley,1873-1875; Clement L. Clapp, 1876-1888; Chafes Bradshaw,1888 to date. Republican. Files since 1875 are in the office.GOSPEL ECHO: Name given in Rowell for 1869 with no report.Listed by Cook and Coburn, 1869.CARTHAGE, HANCOCK COUNTYCARTHAGENIAN, June, 1836-1837 It was the first paper in the county:and was edited by Thomas Gregg. Finallyit was purchased byDr. Isaac Galland and taken to Montrose, Iowa, and was knownthere as the Western Adventurer.ECHO, 1836: It was issued only a few months, being a campaignsheet advocating the election of General Harrison to the presidency.Issued from the office of the Carthagenian by WalterBagley.WESTERN EMIGRANTS' MAGAZINE AND HISTORIAN OF TIMES m THEWEST, April, 1837 (?): A monthly publication establishedby Thomas Gregg as a guide to those who might be lured to thenew Bounty Land district.AREPUBLICAN, 1853 to date: Published and edited by Clarkeand Manier, 1853-1854; G. M. Childs, 1854-1861; R. W. Mc-Claughry, 1861-1863; J- M. Davison, 1863-1894; Mrs. S. C.Davison, and later I. C. Davison, 1894 to date. Mr. Childsconverted it from an Independent to an intensely Democraticsheet, but under Mr. McClaughry it supported the cause of theUnion. After the war it became under Mr. Davison a Democraticpaper. There are files in the office since 1863. Earliercopies (scattered) in the hands of J. B. Gordon of Hamilton.(See Warsaw Commercial Journal.)ULFTRANSCRIPT, 1860-1862 : Established by James K. Magie.F

46 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGAZETTE, 1865 to date: Conducted by a Mr. Fowler, then by himand Noble L. Prentis. In 1869 or 1870 it was bought by ThomasC. Sharp and conducted by him as a Republican paper until hisdeath April 9, 1894; since then his son W. O. Sharp has beenRemoved in 1869 to Dal-manager.HANCOCK DEMOCRAT, December, 1869+:las by G. M. ChUds.ULCARTHAGINIAN, 1878-1881 Published under the management of:the faculty and literary societies of Carthage College. Printedat the office of the Republican.CASEY, CLARK COUNTYTIMES, August, 1872-1897+ Established as an Independent paper:by John Garrison and B. F. Ward; H. A. Boyd purchased Garrison'sinterest after seven months and made the paper a Greenbackorgan, later a Democratic sheet. (Moved to Marshall andmerged into the Illinoisan ? See Banner.)EXPONENT, 1877-1878: A Republican paper started by a stockcompany and edited by Edward Hitchcock, and Hitchcock andGarrison. Moved to Mt. Huron.BANNER, 1879 to date: Started by B. F. Ward; an Independentweekly. It was united with the Times as Banner-Times, in 1897,when Fred E. Moore bought the papers. Sold to F. L. Gillespiein 1904; he sold in October, 1904, to H. M. Brooke, who stillowns the paper. There were apparently lapses in both papersthat are not quite clear.CENTRAL CITY, MARION COUNTYGAZETTE, 1854-1856: Edited and published by Edward Schiller.Republican. Schiller went to Belleville in 1856 and becameconnected with the Advocate. File, vol. 2, no. 22 37, February29- June 13, 1856, owned by Mrs. James L. Kennedy,Central City.CENTRALIA, MARION COUNTYGAZETTE, 1856 It was established by Messrs. Gall and Omelveny.:Short-lived.ENTERPRISE, 1856- two months: Edited by D. A. Burton.NEWS LETTER, 1857: In 1856 H. S. Blanchard purchased the Advocateof Salem and moved it to Centralia. He formed a partnershipwith Mr. Holcomb and they publishedthe News Letter.CENTRALIAN, 1857-1860: It was edited by William Parker, Jr.,and published by William and James Parker.FRURAL PRESS, 1858-1859: It was edited by M. L. McCord, whohad moved the office of the Richview Phoenix to Centralia.

CHAMPAIGN, CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 47EGYPTIAN REPUBLIC, 1859-1861 A :Republican paper edited andpublished by J. G. D. Pettijohn, 1859-1861; Messrs. Blackfordand Taylor, publishers, with Mr. Pettijohn as editor, 1861. Itwas edited and published for a short period in 1861 by WesleyBailey, when the office was closed.INDEPENDENT, 1861 Edited by N. W. Fuller.:COMMERCIAL, April-September, 1861: Issued by E. T. Thorp.Suspended September i, same year.METEOR, December 20, 1861-1862 : Edited and published by HenryWelker. Actively Union in its sympathies. Vol. i, no. n,March i, 1862, owned by Mrs. Ellen Smith, Central City,Illinois.SENTINEL, May, 1863 to date: Established by J. W. and C. D.Fletcher, with E. S. Condit and J. W. Fletcher as editors, but itis said Mr. Condit's editorial connection with the paper was onlynominal. After a year J. W. and F. W. Fletcher became theeditors and publishers. In 1869, C. J. Cooper bought the interestof J. W. Fletcher and the Sentinel was published by C. J. Cooperand C. D. Fletcher, until 1872, when L. C. Wilcox purchased theinterest of J. C. Cooper. On January i, 1875, itpassed into thehands of J.W. and F. W. Fletcher, who were succeeded byFrank D. Goodall, and later by J.N. Kerr. Kerr sold in October,1888, to T. L. Joy, who was editor and publisher until 1906,when he was succeeded by Vern E. Joy. Daily established in1884. Republican.DEMOCRAT, November, 1867 to date: Established by W. H. Mantz.Afterwards Isaac McClelland became nominally a co-editor andpublisher with Mr. Mantz. In October, 1870, the office waspartly destroyed by fire, but the press soon after came into thepossession of S. P. Tufts, by whom the paper was revised andcontinued ;and from February, 1871 ,the Democrat was publishedby Mr. Tufts, until 1884, when he was succeeded by C. D. Tufts,who still conducts it. The Daily Democrat was begun May 20,1892.INDUSTRIAL, i875-i879(?): Edited and published in 1879 by J.W. Evarts. Independent.CHAMPAIGN, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYSPIRIT OF THE AGRICULTURAL PRESS, May, 1857,till autumn : Establishedat what was then called West Urbana, by L. G. Chaseand Albert Gore. Agriculture, politics, and local affairs weregiven attention.FCENTRAL ILLINOIS GAZETTE, March, 1858-1861 + 1868 to date:, Established by John W. Scroggs and Company (Cunningham

48 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSand Flynn) out of the materials of the Press, as a Republicanpaper. William O. Stoddard was associated with Scroggs as aneditor until 1860. Sold to John Carrothers of the Union, Urbana,and the papers were combined as theUACHAMPAIGN COUNTY UNION AND GAZETTE, +1862 to date: Thiscombination continued for about a year. Then the Gazettewas bought, moved to Urbana, and continued by John W.Summers until the summer of 1864 ; John Robbins a short time ;George W. Flynn, George N. Richards with J. O. Cunninghamas editor, October, 1864, to April, 1866; Flynn alone until 1868;moved back to Champaign by George Scroggs and Flynn, 1868-1879, where it has remained ever since. The name was changedto Champaign County Gazette in 1869. After 1879it was conductedby Scroggs's executor, H. J. Dunlap, who sold to H. H.Harris, whereupon J. R. Stewart became editor. Mr. Stewart,O. L. Davis, and E. C. Flanigan bought the plant February 7,1900, and still own and conduct the paper. The daily editionwas begun November 6, 1883. The Gazette was one of theearliest papersto advocate the nomination of Lincoln forpresident.UNION, August, +1859-1882 Established at Urbana (which :see) in1852. It was moved to Champaign in 1859 by David S. andCharles E. Crandall. In 1861 they sold to John Carrothers,who, in the winter of 1862-1863 bought the Central IllinoisGazette and united the two papers. In 1865 the property of theUnion reverted to the Crandalls. David S. and Dudley S.Crandall continued it until i868 ;when they sold to H. L. Nicoletand C. E. Schoff ;Schoff and I. H. Moore, 1877-1882. For atime between 1865 and 1868 the name was changed to SaturdayVisitor. File owned by O. J. Cunningham, Urbana.ILLINOIS DEMOCRAT, March, 1867-1872+ Established by George:N. Richards and Rufus P. Canterbury, who moved from Urbanathe Champaign County Journal. After one year Canterburysold to Richards. P. Lochrie bought an interest in April, 1869,and became sole owner in October. G. W. Gore was editorfor a while in 1869. In 1872 the establishment was bought byWilliam Haddock, who changed the name toLIBERAL DEMOCRAT, + August, 1872+: William Haddock conductedthe paper in support of Horace Greeley for the presidency.The name was soon changed toTIMES, +1872 to date: William Haddock was owner and editoruntil 1879. The paper was then bought by William H. Smyzer,William J. Mize, and Isaac Fielding. Elmer F. Powers soonafterward bought an interest. In 1887 Smyzer sold to his part-US

CHARLESTON, COLES COUNTY 49ners and Mize soon afterward did likewise. Messrs. Powers andFielding have since conducted the paper as a weekly. A dailywas issued for a few months in 1906.JOURNAL, 1876-1879 ( ?)A German :paper established by TheodoreFisher and John Becker. Becker soon bought Fisher's interestand associated with him his son.CHANDLERVILLE, CASS COUNTYNEW ERA, February 7, 1874-1875: Established by John J. Bunce;J. J. Bunce and Son, publishers. Discontinued in the summer ofi875.CASS COUNTY JOURNAL, August 5,:i876-August 3, 1878+Establishedby Charles A. Pratt, who after two years of service toDemocracy sold the paper to Skaggs Brothers. They changedthe name toINDEPENDENT, + August 3, 1878-1882+: Edited by John W.Skaggs, published by John W. and Gilbert Skaggs. After onemonth, G. B. Skaggs alone undertook the combined labors ofeditor and publisher. Ebenezer Spink bought an interest inDecember, 1879, and resold to Skaggs in 1881. Spink boughtout Skaggs in 1882 and changed the name to Sangamon ValleyTimes, which was changed to Chandlerville Times in 1887. E.O. Spink became business manager in 1904, and bought thepaper in 1908. Independent. Files in the office.CHARLESTON, COLES COUNTYCOURIER, 1841-1863+: Established as a Whig organ by WilliamHarr and William Workman. Mr. Workman soon retired andhis place was afterward filled by George Harding, who was connectedwith the paper until 1857. Mr. Harr conducted thepaper alone from 1857 to 1863, when he sold out to Eli Chittenden,and John S. Theaker, who made the paper Republican andchangedits name AHtoPLAINDEALER, +1863 to date: In the late sixties Al and LucienDunbar were publishers. The former sold to A. E. Eaton ;theproperty reverted to Dunbar and was sold to John A. Martin,A., and W. M. McConnell. In 1889 they sold to H. B. Glassco.Later the Plaindealer Printing Company was organized. Thiscompany published the Plaindealer; bought the Herald (established1881) and became the Plain dealer-Herald; Company.A daily was started in 1892.OWL, i843-i846(?): Published by James Shoaff. In 1846 Mr.Shoaff went to Greenville, and apparently the Owl was discontinued.

50 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSREPORTER, 1846 (?) A Democratic : paper edited by W. D.Latshaw. Before January 6, 1849, the title was changed toILLINOIS GLOBE/ + i848(?) (?): "A decided and orthodoxDemocratic journal," edited by W. D. Latshaw and publishedby Latshaw and Brown. Vol. 4, no. i, was issued July 28, 1849 ;the numbering was evidently continued from the Reporter. AFREPUBLICAN, about 1847: A Whig paper edited by W. W. Bishop.It is listed in Illinois Annual Register for 1847.COLES COUNTY LEDGER, 1857-1867+: Edited by G. C. and W.P. Harding, 1857-1859; McHenry Brooks, 1859-1867. In 1867Mr. Brooks sold to James Shoaff and Asa Miller, and theychangedits name toFCOURIER, +1867 to date: Shoaff sold his interest to I. N. Underwood;later Miller sold to E. B. Buck; then Buck alone waseditor and publishertill1879. George E. Mason was editorand publisher, 1879-1892; Mason and Charles D. Strode, 1892-1893; Strode and Charles L. Lee, 1894; Charles L. Lee becamesole owner, January i, 1895. He sold an interest to Cyrus N.Walls, but Walls sold out and Lee now owns the paper. He hasbeen editor and publisher since 1895. A daily was started in1895. Democratic. Files since 1885 in the office.CHATSWORTH, LIVINGSTON COUNTYPALLADIUM, 1871 (?): George Torrance, editor and publisher.PLAINDEALER, 1873 (?): Established by E. M. Harte, editor,C. B. Holmes, publisher; John Jackson, editor, John Culver andCompany, publishers, 1876; R. M. Spurgin, 1877-1880; JamesA. Smith, 1882 (?).UCHEBANSE, IROQUOIS AND KANKAKEE COUNTIESHERALD, 1868 to date:Sawyer. In 1897 W. H. Overhue was editor and publisher; in1902 R. W. Lane became editor and manager and William Laneproprietor. Republican.INDEPENDENT, 1872-1880: J. De Veling was editor and J.M. DeVeling was publisher throughout.CHENOA, MCLEAN COUNTYEstablished, owned, and edited by ThomasTIMES, July, 1867-1875+ Established :by Silas F. Dyer and JamesMcMurtrie. In 1871 Miss L. M. Dyer, sister of S. F. Djer,after the death of both former owners, edited the paper for severalmonths. It was bought by C. H. John and the BovardBrothers. In 1875 Bovard Brothers boughtit and named it1 Harris, in Negro Servitude in Illinois, 112 n., refers to Coles County Globe andCharleston Globe for October, 1847. These may be variants that should findplace between Reporter and Illinois Globe. No copy of either of these Globes isknown to be in existence. The references cited should perhaps be to the Illinois Globein which case the change from Reporter was made in 1847.

CHESTER, RANDOLPH COUNTY 51MONITOR, +1875-1877+: Bovard Brothers soon sold to C. H.John, and he to Mann Brothers, who renamed itGAZETTE, +1877-1900+: C. H. Stickney bought it about 1879.In 1900 it was bought by E. S. Pike and merged in the Clipper,which was established in 1893, and is now owned and publishedby G. E. Stump.CHERRY VALLEY, WINNEBAGO COUNTYCOURIER, July-October, 1869: Established by Dr. L. Foote. Continuedthree months.CHESTER, RANDOLPH COUNTYSOUTHERN ILLINOIS ADVOCATE, April 4, 1839-1840: It was editedby John Smith and H. M. Abbott, and was conducted for thepurpose of calling attention to that portion of Illinois lying betweenthe Ohio and Kaskaskia rivers.AREVEILLE AND HOMESTEAD ADVOCATE, February 20, 1847-1850:It was edited by O. F. McMillan; established by Robert Smithto promote his candidacy for Congress. Sold in 1850 to Hannaand Whitehurst of the Herald.HERALD, 1849-1857 (?): Edited by Messrs. B. J. F. Hanna andWhitehurst, 1849-1853: Hanna and William Phillips, 1853-1856; E. J. Montague, 1856 (?). (See Kaskaskia Republican.)FRANDOLPH COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1857-1878: Editors and proprietors,Judge J. M. Rails, 1857-1858; H. B. Nisbet and C.C. Clemens, who conducted itindependent of politics, 1858-1860; Mr. Nisbet, who made it a Republican paper, 1860-1865 ;John W. Dean and M. W. Rotrock, 1865-1876; Mr. Dean andMr. Nisbet, 1876-1878.HEGYPTIAN PICKET GUARD, +1862-1867+: Founded by John R.Shannon and Robert McHenry. P. W. Baker helped organizethe paper. In 1863 McHenry withdrew and the paper became aradical Southern partisan. In 1863it was suspended for twomonths. Then the Democrats formed a stock company, purchasedthe paper, and dropped Egyptian from the title. S. St.Vrain was general manager, P. W. Baker was publisher, andJohn R. Shannon continued as editor. Shannon was so activein his criticism of the measures adopted to suppress the Rebellionthat a body of soldiers broke into the office in July, 1864, andscattered the type in the streets. The office was refitted. In1864 John McBride became proprietor. Shannon remainedas editor. In 1865 William H. Toy succeeded McBride. In 1867McHenry returned and assumed control, changing the name to

52 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVALLEY CLARION, +1867-1899+: Robert McHenryand publisher until 1868, when he died.was editorRobert E. Deitrich continuedthe publication until he was succeeded by William J.Armour. In 1869 Charles L. Spencer became editor and publisher;in 1875 he sold to John H. Lindsey and Company; in1876 the firm was changed to Valley Clarion Printing Company.In 1876 John H. Lindsey sold out to Charles L. Spencer andJohn McBride; they remained proprietors with Spencer aseditor until 1878, when John H. Lindsey purchased the interestsof the company and became proprietor; he associated RobertE. Deitrich with him in the editorial department. In 1880 hesold to William H. Holmes. About 1886 Holmes sold to FrankR. McAtee, who a few years later changed the name to ChesterClarion, and in 1895 sold to James A. Matlack. He sold toWilliam H. Matlack in 1896 Frank Moore bought the paper in;1898, and in 1899 sold to Frank R. McAtee, who merged theClarion in the Herald, dropping the name of the former. TheHerald was started in 1895 by F. W. Hempler and C. A. Smith,and sold in 1897 to Frank R. McAtee. Democratic.RANDOLPH COUNTY ZEITUNG, 1868 (?) A German : paper ofwhich J. W. Dean and Company were editors and publishersin 1869.TRIBUNE, 1872 to date: Established by William Knapp and C. B.Wassell. Republican. In 1874 Wassell retired and Knappwas sole owner until 1881, when he sold to James B. Matlackand James F. Wassell. About 1885 Wassell became sole ownerand in 1886 sold to Theodore Saxenmeyer. Saxenmeyer soldin 1889 to William H. Matlack and John McBride. Matlackbecame sole owner a year later, and in 1894 sold to Thomas J.Howorth and John A. Pyron. In 1896 Pyron sold his interestto James B. Matlack, who in turn sold in 1898 to Thomas J.Howorth. In the same year Warfield P. Smith bought a halfinterest in the paper, which has been run since that time underthe firm name of Thomas J. Howorth and Company. Nowedited by Thomas J. Howorth, published by Thomas J. Howorthand Company.GREENBACK GAZETTE, 1876: A campaign paper printed in theTribune office, edited by R. P. Thompson and A. G. Condon.It was printed on green paper. Suspended at close of campaign.CHICAGO, COOK COUNTYDEMOCRAT, November 26, 1833 1861+: Edited by John Calhoun,1833-1836; John Wentworth, 1836-1861. This was the firstpaper published in Chicago. It supported Jackson's administration;known as a "hard money paper" because it denounced

FIRST NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN CHICAGOIn the collections of the Chicago Historical Society

; to.Wentworth,. In52 ILI INOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS1867-1899+: Robert McHenry was edit11868, when he died. Robert E. Deitrich CQit ion until he was succeeded by William869 Charles L. Spencer became editor and pvji5 he sold to John H. Lindsey and Company ;Changed to Valley Clarion Printing Companjin H. Lindsey sold out to Charles L. Spencer aile; they remained proprietors with Spencer^78, when John H. Lindsey purchased the interes;y and became proprietor; he associated Robe'dm in the editorial department. In 1880 1sold to \\ H. Holmes. About 1886 Holmes sold to Frai'R. M i few years later changed the name to Chest'on, an. in 1895 sold to ;Jam< Sack. He soldWilliamank Moore bought the paper'I to Frank R. McAtee, who mergedt!dropping the name of the former. Ti895 by F. W. Hempler and C. A. Smit, , .Q3P2in-> arfj lo ftflbiJpelloo 9111,111 f .f. .Company were editors and publishEstablished by \\illiam Knapp and C. H1874 Wassell retired and K1881, when he sold to James B. Ma'. About 1885 Wi. me sole cTheodore Sax Saxenmeyerin -rn H. Matlack and Johr McBride. Mo:be< >.T a year later, and in 1894 sold to Thon>Howorth and John A. Pyron. In 1896 Pyron sold his inito James B. Matlack, who in turn sold in 1898 to Thon\Howorth. In the same year Warfield P. Smith boughtainterest in the paper, which has been run since that time..f Thomas J. Howorth and Company,homas J.any.Howorth, published by Thomas Jz, 1876: A campaign paper printed in theunt office, edited by R. P. Thompson and A. G. Condon.It v /reen paper. Suspended at close of campaignOUNTYr 26, 1833 1861 +: Edited by John Call-1836-1861. This was tht,Hicago. It supported Jackson's adi>hard money paper" because it denounced

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 53mid-cat and other fictitious paper money. It was the officialpaper of the town of Chicago. Because the needed supply ofpaper failed to arrive before the close of navigation, its publicationwas suspended from Januaryi to May 20, 1835, with the exceptionof an issue January 21 and another on March 25. Itappeared weekly to 1840, and daily, beginning February 24, 1840.It was a Democratic paper up to the time of the Kansas-Nebraskaissue, but when the slavery question was again raised it assistedin the formation of the Republican party. On July 24, 1861,the Democrat was absorbed by the Tribune. WHAEFAMERICAN, June 8, 1835-1839+ A Whig : paper, issued daily afterApril 9, 1839. Edited by T. O. Davis, 1835-1837; WilliamStuart and Company, 1837. Changed to EHNWADAILY AMERICAN, +April 9, i839~October 18, 1842: Edited byWilliam Stuart, 1839-1841; Alexander Stuart, proprietor, andW. W. Brackett, editor, 1841-1842; Buckner S. Morris, Julyto October, 1842. ENHFCOMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, October ii, 1836-1837: A rabid"liberty" paper, edited by Hooper Warren. In 1837 the printingoutfit was removed to Lowell, LaSalle County, and used byBenjamin Lundy and Zebina Eastman in publishing the Geniusof Universal Emancipation and Genius of Liberty.VOICE OF THE PEOPLE, June g-August, 1838: A campaign paperpublished weekly at the office of the American, until after theAugust election, by the Whig Young Men's Association. AHARD CIDER PRESS, June 6-October 24, 1840: A Harrison cam-William Stuart from the Amer-paign paper published weekly byican office.WEEKLY TRIBUNE, April 4, i84o-August 21, 1841: Published byCharles N. Holcomb and Company, with E. G. Ryan as editor.In 1841 it was sold to Elisha Starr of Milwaukee, and the MilwaukeeJournal was its successor. HUNION AGRICULTURIST AND WESTERN PRAIRIE FARMER, January,1841-1843+: Established by the Union Agricultural Society,and edited in the beginning by the corresponding secretary, JohnS. . Wright. At the close of the second volume the publicationpassed from the society to John S. Wright, with whom J. AmbroseWight became associated as editor. The title was changedtoEPRAIRIE FARMER, + January i, 1843 to date : The scope of the paperwas enlarged to include mechanics and education. John Gagewas the first editor of the mechanics department. At the beginningof 1851 Luther Haven became part owner, and was associatedwith Wright in publishing, and with Wright and Wight inH

54 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSediting the paper. In 1852 Wright and Haven were editors andpublishers; J. Ambrose Wight was editor, John A. Kennicott,horticultural editor in 1853-1857 Wright and Wight were publishers,1853-1857. A new series was begun January, 1857, at;which time publication became weekly instead of monthly astheretofore. October i, 1858, James C. and William H. Medillsold the property to Emery and Company; Henry D. Emeryand Charles D. Bragdon became editors; Kennicott remainedhorticultural editor. Mr. Emery united his Journal 0} Agricultureand the Prairie Farmer as Emery's Journal of Agricultureand Prairie Farmer, October 7, continuing publication under thistitle until January i, 1859, when Prairie Farmer was resumed.In 1861 W. W. Corbett replaced Bragdon as one of the editors.In 1867 the Prairie Farmer Company became publishers; in1868 Henry T. Thomas came in as a third editor; in 1869 RodneyWelch was added. In 1879 Jonathan Periam was editorand continued in that office until 1884, when Orange Judd becameeditor and manager. He was succeeded in 1889 by JonathanPeriam, who served as editor until 1903. James J.Edgerton was editor throughout 1904; on March 20,- 1905, C. P.Reynolds became editor, and has been so to date. The stock ofthe Prairie Farmer Company was bought by Rand, McNallyand Company and incorporated as the Prairie Farmer PublishingCompany, February 16, 1882. They disposed of their stockto Burridge D. Butler on April 8, 1908. Mr. Butler is presidentof the company and publisher. The paperis now publishedsemi-monthly. (See p. 73.) WDSUHEEXPRESS, October 24, i842-April 20, 1844: Edited by William W.Brackett. It was sold in 1844 to a company and discontinued.Supported Henry Clay for president. The Journal was establishedin its stead. Daily and weekly. NNORTHWESTERN BAPTIST, September 15, i842-September 15, 1844:A semi-monthly edited by Thomas Powell. Only forty-eightnumbers were issued. This was the first religious publicationin Chicago. HQUID NUNC, July i2-August 16, 1842: Edited by Davis S.Griswold and published by Ellis, Fergus, and Company. Itwas devoted to the advancement of literature, the fine arts,science, commerce, agriculture, and the mechanical arts. Nocommunications on religion or politics were admitted. It is saidto have been the first one-cent daily published west of the Alleghanies.At first intended as a morning paperit was issuedat noon. A

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 55REPUBLICAN, 1842-1844: Edited by A. R. Niblo, 1842-1843; F.W. Cleveland, 1843-1844. It was established to create a publicsentiment favoring the re-election of President Tyler. FWESTERN CITIZEN, July, i842-October, 1853+: A temperance andanti-slavery paper edited by Zebina Eastman and Asa B. Brown,1842-1845; Eastman and Davidson, 1845-1849; Eastman andMcClellan, 1849-1852; Mr. Eastman, with Hooper Warren asassociate, 1852-1853. This was the organ of the Liberty Partyin Illinois, and successor to the Genius of Liberty, the subscriptionlist of which paperit took over. See Lowell, Genius of Libertyand Genius of Universal Emancipation; also Alton, TruthSeeker. In 1853 the name was changed to AEHFFREE WEST, + December i, 1853-July 19, 1855+: Edited by E.Goodman, Hooper Warren, and Zebina Eastman. Althoughthe paper was announced in Western Citizen of October 18 tobegin October 25, it did not appear until December i. Thenames of the editors are not printed after the issue of October 12,1854, until November 23, when Z. Eastman is given as editorand publisher, E. Goodman and H. Warren associate editors.Their names disappear in the issue of July 12, 1855. The lastissue announced that the paper would be merged with the Tribune.Established as the avowed organ of the Freedom Party of Illinois ;beginning with the issue of November 23, 1854, the paper carriedthe statement that "this journal does not profess to be the organof any party or sect." It was strongly anti-slavery, however. HYOUTH'S GAZETTE, May-July 23, 1843: Edited by Kiler K. Jones.It was "devoted expressly to the interests of the youth of thewest." Eight numbers were issued, weekly. HBETTER COVENANT, +1843-1847: A religious paper, established atRockford ;taken soon to St. Charles and thence to Chicago, beingpublished at Rockford and St. Charles from January 6, 1842, toApril 6, 1843. Edited by Rev. Seth Barnes, 1843-1844; Rev.William Rounseville and Cyrus B. Ingham, 1844-1845; Mr.Ingham, 1845-1847. In 1847it was sold to John A. Gurleyof the Star of the West, Cincinnati, Ohio. Issued weekly. (SeeBetter Covenant, Rockford and St. Charles.) HDEMOCRAT ADVOCATE AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, February 3,1844-1846: Publishers and proprietors were Messrs. Ellis andFergus; nominally without an editor. It was the corporationpaper, 1844-1845. UFGEM OF THE PRAIRIE, May 29, 1844-1852+: A literary paperedited by Kiler K. Jones and James S. Beach, 1844-1845; J.Campbell and T. A. Stewart, 1845; T - A -Stewart, 1845-1846;Mr Stewart and James Kelly, 1846-1850; Messrs. Scripps and

56 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSStewart, 1850-1852, with Stewart, Waite and Company aspublishers. It was devoted to literary miscellany and information.In length of life itsurpassed all other early periodicalsof predominantly literary tone. Its motto was "To please beours." In 1847 the proprietors, in order to meet a growingdemand for news alone, established the Chicago Daily Tribune,as an offshoot to the Gem of the Prairie. The latter paper wascontinued under the same name until 1852, when it was mergedin the Tribune, and published as the Sunday edition of thatpaper, with the title Chicago Sunday Tribune. HUFILLINOIS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL, 1844-1846+: This wasthe first medical journal issued in Chicago. Edited by Dr.James V. Z. Blaney, in the interest of Rush Medical College, andprinted by Ellis and Fergus, 1844-1846. It was a monthly paper,.1844-1846; bi-monthly, 1846 In 1846 the Journal waschristenedILLINOIS AND INDIANA MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL, + 1846-:1848+ Its editors were Drs. Blaney, Daniel Brainard, WilliamB. Herrick, and John Evans. It was published. in Chicago byEllis and Fergus and in Indianapolis by C. B. Davis. In 1848the paper became known as theHNORTHWESTERN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL, + i848-December,1857+ It continued under the same editorial manage-:ment, but was published in Chicago by William Ellis and inIndianapolis by John D. Defrees. In 1849 W. B. Herrick andJohn Evans appeared as editors with J. W. Dugan, Chicago andIndianapolis, as sole publisher. The subsequent year JohnEvans and Edwin G. Meek comprised the editorial staff, withC. A. Swan as printer. In 1851 the same editors appear withJames L. Langdon, Chicago and Indianapolis, as printer. In1852 John Evans was editor, and Langdon and Rounds printers.In this year another new series was commenced, being issuedmonthly. W. B. Herrick was editor, assisted by H. A. Johnson,with Ballantyne and Company as printers. Dr. N. S. Davisbecame editor in May, 1854, with Dr. Johnson assistant, andA. B. Case, publisher, who in 1856 was succeeded by RobertFergus. In 1857 Dr. Davis was sole editor, Barnet and Clarkeprinters. The December number, 1857, terminated the magazineunder the name of the Northwestern Medical and SurgicalJournal. It was continued as the HJCHICAGO MEDICAL JOURNAL, +i858-September, 1875+: DanielBrainard was publisher in 1859 and 1860, and the Journal wasmonthly. In 1869it was semi-monthly. J. Adams Allen, M.D.,LL.D., was editor at that date; C. N. Goodell, publisher.The

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 57periodical was still devoted to the interests of Rush Medical College.J. Adams Allen and Walter Hay, M.D., were editors,1870-1875 W. B.; Keen, Cooke and Company, publishers. TheJournal became theH JCHICAGO MEDICAL JOURNAL AND EXAMINER, + September, 1875,to date (1884): William H. Byford, A.M., M.D., became editorin 1876; the Chicago Medical Press Association, publishers.The Journal had the same editor and publishers in 1880; in1882 N. S. Davis, M.D., James Nevins Hyde, M.D., and DanielR. Brower were editors. Monthly. HJDAILY JOURNAL, April 22, 1844 to date : A Whig paper at first issuedby an editorial committee appointed by the company that purchasedthe Express. Edited and published by Richard L. Wilsonand J. W. Norris, 1844-1845; Mr. Wilson and Nathan C.Geer, 1845-1847; Mr. Wilson, 1847-1849; Charles L. Wilson,1849-1851; R. L. and C. L. Wilson, 1851-1853; R. L. and C.L. Wilson and C. H. Morris, 1853-1854; Messrs. Wilson, 1854-1856; C. L. Wilson and C. H. Pierce, 1856-1860. John L.Wilson became a member of the firm in 1861. Charles L. Wilsondied in 1878; John R. Wilson became connected with thepaper and later became publisher. Charles L. Wilson was succeededas editor by Andrew Shuman. Mr. Shuman was editorfrom 1 86 1 to 1864, and again from 1878 to 1888 ;W. K. Sullivan,1888. In 1893 the paper was sold to Dr. S. F. Farrar, whoformed a company with himself as president and treasurer,Slason Thompson, editor, J. R. Wilson, publisher. There was,beside the daily and weekly, a tri-weekly edition which was continueduntil after 1881. For a number of years John C. Eastmanhas been editor, the Chicago Journal Company, publishers.Until after 1881 the paper was listed as it isRepublican; nowIndependent. It is now called Evening Journal. EDACNSUHFGARLAND OF THE WEST, 1845: It was projected by Robert N. Garrettand Nelson W. Fuller. But one copy seems to have beenissued, that of July 30.DAILY NEWS, latter part of i845~January 6, 1846: A liberty papermanaged by Eastman and Davidson, with S. W. Chapel assistanteditor. This was the first daily issued without a weekly edition.SPIRIT OF TEMPERANCE REFORM, 1845: Started by J. E. Ware. Itsoon died.VOLKSFREUND, 1845-1848: The pioneer German paper of Chicago.Edited by Robert B. Hoeffgen.WESTERN (LITERARY ?) MAGAZINE, October, i845-October, 1846:The first literary magazine published in Chicago, was first issuedin October, 1845, by Rounseville and Company. In the belief

58 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS"that the western people were able and willing to support a magazineof their own," William Rounseville undertook the developmentof western literary talent. His hopes were not fully realizedand he sold the magazine after the publication of ten numbers.John J. Moon, the purchaser, published but two numbers, beginningSeptember, 1846. HARIEL, 1846: Published for a short time with Edward Augustusas editor and C. H. Boner as publisher.DAILY CAVALIER, 1846-1847: Edited by Robert Wilson. For sixweeks Rev. William Rounseville was editor. A one-cent paper.DOLLAR WEEKLY, 1846: Issued three or four months by WilliamDuane Wilson.LIBERTY TREE, 1846-1848: Issued by Eastman andwith Zebina Eastman as editor. A monthly.Davison,MORNING MAIL, 1846-1847: Edited by Rev. William Rounseville. HVALLEY WATCHMAN, 1846-1847: Published by J. McChesney.WESTERN HERALD, 1846-1847+: A weekly anti-slavery, antimasonic,temperance paper, and advocate of the Society ofFriends, edited by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Worrall. ChangedtoHERALD OF THE PRAIRIES, +1847-1849+ Edited :by Rev. J. B.Walker and B. F. Worrall, 1847-1849. In 1848 James Shawwas assistant editor. The paper was " devoted to the promotionof practical religion, the maintenance of essential truth, and theadvancement of the benevolent enterprises of the age." J.AmbroseWight and William Bross bought the office and materialand changedit toPRAIRIE HERALD, +1849-1853+: Rev. G. S. F. Savage, of St.Charles, 111., and Rev. A. L. Chapin of Beloit, Wis., were appointedcorresponding editors. Mr. Wight was sole editor, 1851-1853.From 1846 to 1853 the paper enunciated the doctrines of the NewSchool Presbyterians and the Congregationalists. Changed to FCONGREGATIONAL HERALD, +1853-1861: Edited by Rev. John C.Holbrook, 1853-1854; Rev. Holbrook and Rev. N. H. Eggleston,1854-1856; several editors from 1856 to 1857 Rev. H. L. Hammond,1857 (?). The Herald advocated the establishment;of the Chicago Theological Seminary.EFCOMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, 1847-1858: Edited by Alfred Dutch,who was instrumental in obtaining the grant of lands fromCongress for the Illinois Central Railroad. The Advertiser opposedthe Maine law. It was issued irregularly. Weekly to1849, when it became daily with a weekly edition. HAEFH

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 59NORTHWESTERN EDUCATOR AND MAGAZINE OF LITERATURE ANDSCIENCE, January, 1847-1849: A monthly, edited and publishedby James L. Enos and D. L. Curtiss. In the issue of February,1849, James L. Enos is given as editor and publisher. He writeseditorially in that number concerning the influence of the Educator:"It was commenced under the most unfavorable circumstances,in a country where no like publication had ever circulated,where the people were comparatively little imbued witha love for education or at least, that inculcated by professionalteachers and with the privations incident to a new countrypressing heavily upon them; yet, notwithstanding these difficulties,the influence of the Educator has steadily increased, andwithin the last three months the circulation has nearly doubled."The objects of the magazine were to expose the dangers of fallacioustheories of education, and to set forth and to defend thetrue principles of instruction. Vol. in, no. 2 owned by FrankW. Scott, Urbana, Illinois. SPORCUPINE, winter of 1847-1848: Edited by Charles Bowen andThomas Bradbury.TRIBUNE, 1847 to date: Established by Joseph K. C. Forrest,James J. Kelly and John E. Wheeler. Messrs. Forrest andKelly very early retired and Thomas A. Stewart becameeditor. In 1847 the Gem of the Prairie was absorbed by theTribune and became the Sunday edition of that paper. TheTribune was managed by Wheeler, Stewart and Scripps, 1848-1851; T. J. Waite, manager, Wm. Duane Wilson, editor,1852-1853. Gen. Wilson's interest was purchased by March23, 1853, Henry Fowler, Timothy Wright and Gen. J. D.Webster. On June 18, 1853, Joseph Medill came from Clevelandand purchased a share in the paper, whereupon the issuewas made under the auspices of Wright, Medill, and Company,and Stephen J. Staples is specified in the directory for 1853-1854 as assistant editor. On July 21, 1855, Thomas A.Stewart retired from the partnership, and September 23, Dr. C. H.Ray and J. C. Vaughn were editors. At the same time AlfredCowles became a member of the firm, which was then composedof Messrs. Medill, Ray, Wright, Webster, Vaughn, and Cowles.Under the vigorous influence of Dr. Ray the paper soon becameof primary importance in Chicago and Illinois.It was one ofthe first to endorse the formation of the Republican party inIllinois, and did much to bring about the successful organizationof that party, and the nomination and election of Lincolnin 1860. March 26, 1857, Mr. Vaughn withdrew and the partnershipname became Ray, Medill, and Company. In 1858 theTribune, being consolidated with the Daily Democratic Press,was known as the Press and Tribune, issued by the proprietors

60 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSof both papers (see Democratic Press). In 1861 the wordPress was dropped and the Tribune Company was organized.Scripps, Bross, Ray, Medill, and Cowles were the principalstockholders. In 1861 the Tribune absorbed the Democrat.In 1 866 Horace White, who had previously been connected with thepaper and had acquired the stock of Mr. Scripps, became editor.He was succeeded in 1874 by Joseph Medill. Under White theTribune had supported Horace Greeley, but Medill brought itback into the Republican fold, where it has remained, thoughmanifesting a considerable independence. 1Mr. Medill died inMarch, 1899, and was succeeded as editor by R. W. Patterson,who was editor until his death, on April i, 1910. The Tribunehas been since 1908 in direct charge of Medill McCormick. Ithas been a daily from its beginning. For many yearsit hadalso semi-weekly, tri-weekly, and weekly editions, all of whichhave been discontinued. The file at the office of the Tribuneiscomplete from about 1860. File, 1861-1876, in BostonAthenaeum.EWDNACSUHFWATCHMAN OF THE PRAIRIES, 1847-1853+: First weekly Baptistnewspaper published in Chicago. It strongly opposed slavery.Edited by Rev. Luther Stone and published by Messrs. Walkerand Worrall, of the Western Herald (which see). In 1849 Wightand Bross became its publishers. In 1853 Mr. Stone sold thepaper to Dr. J. C. Burroughs, Levi D. Boone and A D. Titsworth,and it became theHCHRISTIAN TIMES, + August 31, 1853-1865 + :Mr. Burroughswas the chief and H. J. Western and A. J. Joslyn assistant editors.November 24 of the same year the paper was sold to Rev.!The Tribune followed closely the lead of Greeley and the NewYork Tribunein urging, immediately after the defeat of General Scott for the presidency in1852, that the Whig party had lost its usefulness; and, after the Kansas-Nebraskabill had been passed in 1854, took the lead in the West, as Greeley and theNew York Tribune did in the East, in agitating a union, in the Republican party,of all anti-slavery and anti-Nebraska elements."In 1856 I made as strong a fight for Fremont as was in my power," Medillwrote, " worked for Abraham Lincoln against Stephen A. Douglas for senator in1858; printed verbatim the great debates in which these two men were engaged,and in 1859 began pushing Mr. Lincoln for the presidency."In 1860 the Tribune put forth every effort for the nomination and electionof Lincoln, and after war broke out, was the most influential Union newspaperwest of New York City. It urged Lincoln to issue an emancipation proclamation,opposed Johnson's reconstruction policy, upheld the impeachment proceedings,defended the reconstruction acts of Congress, and supported Grant in 1868. UnderHorace White the Tribune was vigorously opposed to a policy of extremely highprotective tariffs, and not until 1874, when Medill secured control and the editorship,did it support the prevailing policy of the dominant party. Under Medillit was for many years a high-tariff paper, but it has long occupied a position ofgreat independence in both local and national affairs, and has gained, especiallyunder the editorship of Robert W. Patterson, a wide independent following.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 61Leroy Church and Rev. J. A. Smith, the latter becoming editor.In 1854 Mr. Smith sold his interest to Mr. J. F. Childs and theproprietary firm became Church and Childs. In 1855 Mr.Church became sole proprietor. The copy for February 2,1854, volume i, number 23, contains correspondence in relationto the origin of Shurtleff College, which tends to show thatJ. M. Peck was given much of the credit due to Hubbell Loomis,who did a large amount in laying the foundations of the collegein Alton while Peck was at Rock Spring. With vol. 13, Augustor September, 1865, the Christian Times, by the absorptionof the Witness of Indiana, becameFHCHRISTIAN TIMES AND WITNESS, +1865-1867+ :J.A. Smith andLeroy Church were editors, Church and Edward Goodman, publishers.In 1867 Goodman brought a half interest and the namewas changed toSTANDARD, +1867 to date: A Baptist church publication. Theeditors and publishers were as follows: J. A. Smith, D. D.,editor, Church and Goodman, publishers and proprietors, 1869-January, 1875. J. A. Smith ,D. D., and J. S. Dickerson, D. D.,editors, and Goodman and Dickerson, publishers, 1876; Goodmanand Dickerson, publishers, 1877-1880; J. S. Dickersonand R. N. Van Doren, editors, and Goodman and DickersonCompany, publishers, 1907.AHCUWAMERICAN ODD FELLOW AND MAGAZINE OF LITERATURE ANDART, August,. 1848 ( ?) Monthly. This was the first organ:of secret societies in Chicago. Edited by J. L. Enos and Rev.William Rounseville; published by James L. Enos and Company.Vol. i, no. i, owned by Frank W. Scott, Urbana, Illinois.FIELD PIECE, June 14 till Fall, 1848: A Whig campaign papersupporting Taylor and Fillmore. Edited and published by R.L. Wilson NFFREE SOIL BANNER, April-November, 1848: A campaign paperissued by the Western Citizen to support Van Buren and theFree Soil party.ILLINOIS STAATS-ZEITUNG, April, 1848 to date: Established byRobert Bernhard Hoeffgen. He was soon succeeded ai edifc.rby Dr. Hellmuth; Arno Voss, 1848-1849; Herman Kriege,1849-1850; Geo. Schneider with Mr. Hoeffgen as manager,1850-1852; Schneider and Hillgaertner, 1852-1854; Schneiderand Schlaeger, 1854. Subsequently H. Beinder and DanielHertle became incorporated with the editorial staff, but Mr.Schneider was the animating spirit.At first it was a weekly,but under Mr. Kriegeit was made a semi-weekly and then tri-

62 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSweekly. In 1851 Mr. Schneider made it a daily. In 1854 thepublication of the Sonntag Zeitung was begun. In 1862 Schneidersold his interest to Lorenz Brentano, who became editor. A. C.Hesing became sole owner in 1867; Herman Raster becameeditor, and remained in that position until 1891, when he wassucceeded by William Rapp. Hesing was succeeded in themanagement by his son, Washington Hesing. By 1874 theSunday edition had been changed to Der Westen. TheIllinois Staats-Zeitung Company were editors and publishers,and in politics the paper was Independent. In 1881 the weeklyedition and Der Westen were listed as Independent, the dailyedition as Independent-Republican. By 1907 the Sundayedition had been changed to Westen Und Daheim. Since thenthe daily, Sunday, and weekly editions have been Independent-Republican. The Illinois Publishing Company are publishers.The entire stock of this company, which was owned by Mrs.Herman Raster and Richard Michaelis, is owned at present byWalter R. Michaelis 1 and Horace L. Brand. The Staats-Zeitungwas active in urging the movement which resulted in the formationof the Republican party. It strenuously opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Bill and the extension of slavery. ENAHUC.LADY'S WESTERN MAGAZINE, December, 1848-1849: Edited byBenjamin F. Taylor and J. S. Hurlbut; published by CharlesL. Wilson. Mr. Taylor, the editor-in-chief, was a man of realliterary genius, but did not command sufficient business resourcesto continue the paper long. It was established in imitation ofseveral "ladies' magazines" published in New York andPhiladelphia.NEW COVENANT, 1848-1880+: A Universalist church publication.Edited by Rev. W. E. Mauley and Rev. M. J. Day, 1848-1849;S. P. Skinner, 1849-1855; L. B. Mason, 1855-1859, D. R. Livermore,1859-1869. According to Mr. Boss, Mrs. Mary Livermorewas "real editor" during the period, 1859-1869. In May1869, Rev. J. W. Hanson, D.D., and Rev. Selden Gilbert becameowners. In September of that year, the Northwestern UniversalistPublishing House became the publishers, with J.W. Hansen,D.D., as editor and Mr. Gilbert, business manager. InOctober, 1871, Dr. Hanson became both manager and editor.Rev. W. A. Start was business manager for 1874, but in 1875Dr. Hanson was again manager and editor. He remained sountil 1883, with the Northwestern Universalist Publishing Housecontinuing as publishers. The Star o] the West of Cincinnatiwas consolidated with the New Covenant in 1880, the name becomingStar and Covenant, and the publication being continued1Walter R. Michaelis, editor and part owner, died August 6, 1910.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 63in Chicago. In December, 1883, the Universalist PublishingHouse of Boston bought the paper and changed its name toUniversalist. In May, 1884, Rev. J. S. Cantwell became editorand was still so in 1886.WHCEFNORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF HOMOCOPATHIA, October, 1848-1852 :Monthly. Edited and published by Dr. George E. Shipman.Printed by Whitmarsh and Fulton. It was mainly filled withtranslations by the editor from various foreign journals and withoriginal papers from his own pen. "Its object was to set forththe principles of homoeopathy and to defend and confirm the viewsof such physicians as had undertaken its practice."WESTERN FARMER, 1848 to date (1869): A weekly agriculturalpaper. It was dated for Madison, Wisconsin and Chicago in1869. W. B. Davis was editor and publisher in that year.CHICAGO DOLLAR NEWSPAPER, March 17, 1849 (?): A paperedited by James R. Bull. Devoted to literature, news, andagriculture. The Chicago Dollar Weekly of this date is mentionedby Mr. H. R. Fleming as "a literary journal of merit." FTEMPERANCE BATTLE-AX, part of 1849: Edited by Charles J. Sellonand D. D. Driscoll.COMMERCIAL REGISTER, 1850: Issued by J. F. Ballantyne. Shortlived.DEMOCRATIC ARGUS, August, 1850- (?): Issued daily andweekly by B. F. Seaton and W. W. Peck.ECLECTIC JOURNAL or EDUCATION AND LITERARY REVIEW, June,i85o-April, 1851: Appeared monthly; edited by O. F. Bartlett.In April, 1851, Dr. N. S. Davis became editor, and with thatnumber publication ceased. HCHRISTIAN ERA, 1852: An unsuccessful paper published by Rev.Epaphras Goodman.DAILY DEMOCRATIC PRESS, 185 2- July, 1858+ Edited :by John L.Scripps and William Bross. In 1854 the firm became Scripps,Bross and Spears (Barton W.). At first it was a non-partisan paperbut in 1857 it began expounding the principles of the Republicanparty. A weekly edition also was issued. July i, 1858, thePress was consolidated with the Tribune. WHCAEFDAILY EXPRESS AND COMMERCIAL REGISTER, 1852-- (?): AnIndependent commercial penny paper edited by J. Q. A. Woodand W. J. Patterson.WEEKLY EXPRESS, 1852-1853: Conducted by J. F. Ballantyne andCompany. Continued about a year.FRIHED'S BANNERET, 1852-1853 First Norwegian paper published:in Chicago. Edited by Mouritzon and Kjoss.JH

64 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLITERARY BUDGET, 1852-1855+: Published monthly by WilliamWeaver Danenhower, a bookseller, who established the paperas a medium for the advertising of books and periodicals. Afterseven monthly issues it was changed, January 7, 1854, to a weekly,with Benjamin F. Taylor as editor. T. H. Whipple appearedas associate editor in the same year. In itsweekly form theBudget grew into a "literary journal of distinct merit," concentratingits attention upon matters concerning the West. It stateseditorially, "A new field isopen to authorship. The West. . .is full of subject-matter for legend, story or history. ... Allthat islacking is a proper channel. This channel we offer. TheBudget claims to be a western literary paper, and we invitewriters to send us articles on western subjects, for publication."The paper was continued until 1855. In the summer of thatyear Mr. Danenhower "became state leader of the 'NativeAmerican' or 'Know- Nothing' party, which had during the yearpreceding carried two eastern commonwealths and had shownstrength in the middle states. He announced that the Budgetwould 'close its existence,' that he would 'launch his bark' oncemore, and that his numerous readers would receive the WeeklyNative Citizen. As a spokesman of the reaction against theimmigration due to the Irish famine and the continental revolutionsof 1848 and 1849, he wrote vehemently. With the'Budget's last breath he said : We trust that our future exertionswill be such as to exemplify to the world that the purefire ofAmerican sentiment issweeping over our vast prairies; thathereafter America shall and must be governed by Americans.'" H1DAILY NATIVE CITIZEN, +1855 (?): A Weekly Native Citizenwas projected as the successor of Literary Budget. Evidencehas not been obtainable to prove that this paper was actuallypublished W. W. Danenhower who was to be the editor and publisherof the weekly, issued the daily, for at least six months.TIMES, June 12, i852-October 18, 1853: A Free Soil paper, dailyand tri- weekly, established in connection with the Western Citizenand discontinued when that paper was changed to Free West. Itwas at first published by Lee and Townsend; after eighteennumbers, by E. C. Townsend and Company after the twentyfirstnumber by Lyman E. D. Wolf; edited and published afterno. 45 by C. T. Gaston; published after No. 86 by Gaston,;Muir, and Company. By No. 125, November 16, 1852, ZebinaEastman had become editor and publisher.HFWESTERN TABLET, February 7, 1852-1855: A Catholic literalDaniel O'Hara.periodical published by1Herbert E. Fleming, Literary Interests of Chicago, SQO.F

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 65CHRISTIAN BANKER, January 8, 1853 ( ?) Only eight numbers:were issued. Published by Seth Paine and John W. Holmesas an advertisement for their bank. For an account of thatcurious institution see Andreas, Chicago, vol. i, pp. 539-544. FCHRISTIAN SHOEMAKER, 1853: Published for only a short time byF. V. Pitney as a travesty on the Christian Banker.COURANT, 1853-1854+: An Independent daily edited by WilliamDuane Wilson. Sold to Messrs. Cook, Cameron, and Patterson,and changed toFYOUNG AMERICA, +July 4, 1854+: A Democratic paper editedby J. W. Patterson, published by Cook, Cameron, and Patterson.Daily and weekly. It was soon changed to FCHICAGO DAILY TIMES/ + August 30, 1854-1860+: The foundersand publishers of the Times were Isaac Cook, James W. Sheahanand Daniel Cameron. It was a Democratic daily, edited byJames W. Sheahan, 1854-1856; James W. Sheahan and DanielCameron, 1856-1858; Sheahan and William Price, 1858-1860;published by Cook and Company. In 1860 Cyrus H. McCormick,owner of the Herald, purchased the Times and consolidated thetwo papers under the name of theHANFTIMES AND HERALD, +1860 (?)+: E. W. McComas wasplaced in editorial charge. The paper appears to have assumedvery soon the title of HDAILY CHICAGO TIMES, +i86o(?)-June 20, 1861+: Under thecare of Mr. McComas, who was a journalist from Virginia, thepaper became an exponent of the Southern Democracy. Mc-Cormick was proprietor and Daniel Cameron publisher untilJune 8, 1 86 1, when Wilbur F. Storey became editor and proprietor.From late in 1860 to June 20, 1861, the Times wasnumbered vol. i, until no. 275, June 21, 1861, when vol. 7 wasused and the tide changed from Daily Chicago Times to NAH1President Lincoln contributed the following anonymous note to the WashingtonChronicle, June 6, 1863:"EDITOR OP THE CHRONICLE: In your issue of this morning you have anarticle on the Chicago Times. Being an Illinoisan, I happen to know thatmuch of the article is incorrect. As I remember, upon the repeal of the MissouriCompromise, the Democratic newspapers at Chicago went over to the opposition.Thereupon the Times was established by the friends of the administration, SenatorDouglas being the most prominent in establishing it. A man by the name ofJames Sheahan, from this city, was its first and only editor nearly if not quiteall the remainder of the senator's life. On the political separation between Mr.Buchanan and Senator Douglas, the Times adhered to the senator, and was theablest paper in his support through his senatorial contest with Mr. Lincoln.Since the last presidential election certainly, perhaps since Senator Douglas'sdeath, Mr. Sheahan left the Times; the Times since then has been identical withthe Times before then in little more than the name. The writer hereof is notwell enough posted to say but that your article in other respects is correct."Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, viii, 293, 293.

66 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGO TIMES, +June 20, i86i-March 4, 1895+:After theemancipation proclamation, the Times ceased to favor the prosecutionof the war, and was bitter in its denunciations of Lincoln'sadministration. It became such a radical "copperheadsheet" that General Ambrose E. Burnside, in command of theDepartment of the Northwest, with headquarters at Cincinnati,issued an order for the suppression of the Times, and the commanderat Camp Douglas was charged with the execution of theorder. On the morning of June 3, 1863, soldiers marched intothe press room and took possession. Mass meetings were heldduring the day in advocacy of free speech and a free press. Apetition to President Lincoln to revoke the order was signed bysome of the most prominent Republicans and business men of thecity, and Senator Lyman Trumbull and Isaac N. Arnold telegraphedpersonally to Mr. Lincoln to the same effect. The orderwas revoked by the President and publication was resumed June5. After the presidential campaign of 1868 the Times ceased tobe a party organ, claimed to be Independent, and made manyvigorous onslaughts on the Democratic party. However, itsupported the Democratic candidates of 1876, 1880 and 1884.In the fall of 1863, Franc B. Wilkie joined the editorial staff, andin 1867 Andre Matteson became a part of the editorial force forthe second time. Ananias Worden was manager from 1861to 1865; H. B. Chandler, 1865-1870; Mr. Storey became soleowner in 1870, and made A. L Patterson .manager. Theestablishment was destroyed in the great fire of 1871, butreappeared very soon after. Mr. Storey, who had beenthe leading spirit of the paper for over twenty years, died inOctober, 1884 the ; paper went into the hands of a receiver and wassold in 1887 to a new Chicago Times Company headed by JamesJ. West, who was manager. He was ousted later, and succeededby Huiskamp Brothers, with Joseph R. Dunlap as editor. In1891 Carter H. Harrison formed the Newspaper Company andbought the Times. Carter H. Harrison, Jr.,was made businessmanager, and Preston Harrison managing editor. March 4,1895, it was joined to the Herald hence Times-Herald, whichon March 28, 1901, was consolidated with the Record as theRecord-Herald.EWDNAHSUCEVANGELIST, 1853-1855+: A paper representing the tenets of theNew School of Presbyterians. Edited by an association of Presbyterianclergymen, the resident editors being Rev. H. Curtisand Rev. R. W. Patterson; associate editors, G. W. Gale, S. G.Spears, W. H. Spencer, A. Eddy, and S. D. Pilkin. In April,1854, Rev. Joseph Gaston Wilson took editorial charge. In

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 671855 it was merged into the New York Evangelist, which thereafterhad a northwestern editor in Chicago.FHORNER'S CHICAGO AND WESTERN GUIDE, 1853:Monthly. Publishedby W. B. Horner; purported to contain all information fortraveling by railroad, steamboat, and stage from Chicago to everytown in the Northwest, and to any important city in the UnitedStates.NEW CHURCH INDEPENDENT AND REVIEW, 1853 to date (1880):A monthly, devoted to Swedenborgian interests. John S. Wellerwas editor and Weller and Metcalf were publishers, 1874-1880.NORTHWESTERN CHRISTIAN ADVOCATE, January 5, 1853 to date:A weekly, edited by James V. Watson, 1853-1856 Rev. Thomas;M. Eddy, 1856-1868. It was published by Swormated and Poefor the Northwestern Conference of the Methodist EpiscopalChurch and printed by Charles Philbrick. Rigidly anti-slavery.In 1868 the editorship was given to Rev. John Morrison Reid.Mr. Reid was succeeded in 1872 by Arthur Edwards, D.D.,editor to 1901. David D. Thompson was editor 1901-1908;Charles M. Stuart in 1909. Hitchcock and Walden were publishersfrom before 1869 until 1880, with Dr. Luke Hitchcockas manager. In 1880 Walden and Stowe became publisheis;Cranston and Stowe, 1884 (?); Jennings and Graham in1907, and to date. WDUHFOLIVE BRANCH OF THE WEST, 1853 (?): Published by J. R.Balme, in the interest of Salem Baptist Church.FSLOAN'S GARDEN CITY, 1853-1 854(?): A literary paper edited byWalter Sloan, a vender of patent medicines ; published at firstby Robert Fergus, afterward by Charles Scott and Company.The first few numbers contained a "Sloan's Column," in whichhis patent medicines were advertised. "Later Oscar B. Sloan,a son, became editor. The patent medicine notices disappeared.The paper became a pro-western literary organ of genuine merit,having, however, a trend toward the family-story type of literaryappeal." It was merged in 1854 with the People's Paper of Boston,which lived until 1870.WHTRAVELER, i853(?): Mentioned in the city directory of 1853 asmanaged by James M. Chatfield, John Chatfield, Jr., WilliamB. Doolittle, and Lee Lars.YOUTH'S WESTERN BANNER, 1853: A short-lived monthly juvenilepublication devoted to temperance, morality, and religion.Edited and published by Isaac C. Smith and Company.ATLANTIS, 1854: A monthly, edited by Christian Essellen.F

68 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDEUTSCHE AMERIKANER, 1854: Edited by George Schtaeger. Ananti-Nebraska paper lasted but a few months.;HOMEOPATH, January, i854-December, 1856: Bi-monthly.Edited by Drs. D. S. Smith, S. W. Graves, and R. Ludlam.It was a small non-professional magazine. Upon the deathof Dr. S. W. Graves, Dr. D. A. Colton became one of the editors.Three yearly volumes of the magazine were completed. HJA temperance paper, published byHiram W. Jewell, with B. E. Hale, Rev. T. Yates, and Dr.Charles Jewett as editors. Short-lived.MAINE LAW ALLIANCE, 1854:PROTESTANT, January, 1854: Monthly. Hays and Thompson werepublishers.SATURDAY EVENING MAIL, January, 1854: A temperance paperedited by George R. Graham. Short-lived.WESTERN PATHFINDER, 1854 to date (1856): An advertising sheetpublished in the interest of travelers and real estate men.Owned and edited by W. B . Homer. Published by Horner andCrone.ASHLAR, September, 1855 to date (1861) : A Masonic monthly publishedsimultaneously in Chicago and Detroit. Established byAllyn Weston and conducted by him through three volumes.Then Charles Scott became proprietor; Weston remainededitor. In January, 1861, Ashlar, "devoted to Masonry, generalliterature and progress," was edited by J. Adams Allen. HBANK-NOTE LIST, 1855 to date (1864): A semi-monthly edited andpublished by Granger Adams, a banker. Devoted to reportingfinancial matters, with especial reference to the means ofdetecting counterfeits, and containing a report of the banks thatwere in an embarrassed condition or had ceased to be solvent.This paper appeared in the directory as late as 1862 as publishedby Mr. Adams. It is given in 1863 and 1864 as published by S.K. Reed.BEOBACHTER VON MICHIGAN, 1855-1856: A Douglas paper editedby Committi and Becker.COURIER, 1855 Issued by R. P. Hamilton.:WESTERN FARM JOURNAL, 1855 to date (1877): An agriculturalpaper. In 1875 Dr. G. Sprague was editor; G. Sprague,F. R. Sprague, and D. J. Walker were publishers; and F. R.Sprague was business manager. Printed at the office of theHomestead and Western Farm Journal, Des Moines, Iowa. Itis probable that this paper was not published from Chicagoprior to 1875.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 69NATIONAL DEMOCRAT, 1855 to date (1860) A :daily Douglas paper;edited by Dr. Ignatius Koch, published by J. E. Committi.Later editors were Koch and Schade, then Koch and Froehlich ;later publishers were Michael Diversey, then Fritz Becker, 1857-1859.NATIVE AMERICAN, September 7, i855-November, 1856: Startedby William Weaver Danenhower, father of Lieutenant J. W.Danenhower, the Arctic explorer. Washington Wright waseditor. A daily issued in the interest of the Native American party.UNION, 1855 to date (1876): A German Democratic paper, issueddaily and weekly. Mention is made of a Sunday edition in thedirectories for 1866, 1869. 1870 and 1876. In 1869it was calledWestliche Unterhaltungs-Blatler; in 1876, the BelletristischeZeitung. The weekly edition only is mentioned in 1872 and 1873.Frederick Becker and Schlaeger were proprietors in 1861;Becker was sole proprietor, 1862-1863. In 1864 EdwardRoesch was editor. F. Becker was publisher in that year andcontinued so until 1870. W. Bellinghausen and Company wereeditors and publishers, 1870-1872 ;the German Newspaper andPrinting Company, proprietors and publishers, 1872-1873.Hermann Lieb was editor and publisher, 1873-1876. CEWESTERN CRUSADER, 1855-1856+: A temperance paper edited byThos. Williams and Orlo W. Strong. Gerhard (1856) gives J.D. Dow and Company as publishers. Changed toNORTHWESTERN HOME JOURNAL, + 1856 ( ?) Edited by James:B. Merwin and published by an association comprising F. H.Benson, J. M. Kennedy, O. W. Strong, R. L. Dunlap, and E.R. Bowen.WESTERN GARLAND, 1855: A monthly, issued simultaneously inChicago, Louisville, and St. Louis, devoted to "polite literature,art, science, home and foreign news." It was founded by Mrs.Harriet C. Lindsey and Son, with R. R. Lindsey as editor inChicago.ABEND ZEITUNG, i856(?)-i858(?): A German daily, published in1856 by Committi and Becker. In 1858, published by Committiand Bode, edited by Henry Ginal.COMMERCIAL BULLETIN AND NORTHWESTERN REPORTER, 1856-( ?) Edited by C. H. Scriven and John : J. Gallagher.COMMERCIAL LETTER, 1856-1868+: A critical daily record of theflour, grain, live stock, and provision markets. P. L. Wells waseditor and publisher until 1862; H. R. Hulburd, 1863; H. A.Newcomb and Company proprietors. Thomas M. Wignalleditor, 1864; Thomas H. Wignall, editor and publisher, 1866-H

70 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS1868. In 1868 it was incorporated with Chicago Daily CommercialReport and Market Review.JDEMOCRATIC BUGLE, 1856: Published by Charles Leib. Daily. FDEMOKRAT, 1856 to date (1880): In 1877 W. Kuhl was manager.In 1880 he was stillmanager, and the Demokrat Printing Companywere publishers.FLOWER QUEEN, 1856-1857: Published by Higgins Brothers.HERALD, 1856-1857: A daily edited by T. R. Dawley. Listed byGerhard as daily and weekly, published by Cook and Company.MANFORD'S MAGAZINE, 1856 to date (1881): A Universalist monthly,listed in Rowell, 1869, as Manford' s Monthly Magazine. Rev.E. Manford and Mrs. H. B. Manford were editors in 1869 Rev.;E. Manford was publisher, and the same is true until 1876, afterwhich time Mr. and Mrs. Manford were editors and publishers.W. W. Clayton was associated with them as editor in 1871.DAILY NEWS, September, 1856- ( ?) Edited by Walter B.:Sloan.FDAILY PATRIOT, September 3o-November, 1856: A Fillmore andDonelson campaign paper.FPEN AND PENCIL, 1856: An art and story paper. Edited by T. R.Dawley and contributed to by T. Herbert Whipple. FPRAIRIE LEAF, 1856- (?): A monthly, issued for a short timeby D. B. Cooke and Company.DAILY PRICE CURRENT, 1856-1857.ROUNDS' PRINTERS CABINET, 1856 to date (1881): Published byRounds and Langdon. In December, 1856, there was but oneother journal in the United States that was devoted exclusivelyto the interest of the 'art preservative' the TypographicalAdvertiser; Rounds' Cabinet was the first of that character inthe northwest, the second in the United States in its date of issue,and the firstmonthly typographical journal in the Union. It isnot listed in Rowell, 1869, but is given as an advertising sheet innewspaper directories, 1873-1876, with S. P. Rounds as publisher.Listed in Ayer, 1881, as a quarterly advertising sheet.SVENSKA REPUBLIKANEN (Den Svenska Republikaneni Norra Amerika),+ September, 185 7-July, 1858: Established by the leadersof the Bishop Hill colony at Galva, and edited by S. Cronsioe.It was soon turned over to Cronsioe as his private property, andremoved to Chicago. It was antagonistic to Hemlandet, andultra liberal as to religion, so much so that the name came tobe in bad odor among a large class of the Swedish people.SUNDAY VACUNA, Spring of 1856 (?): The first exclusivelySunday paper in Chicago named for the ;goddess of rural leisure.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 71WESTERN ENTERPRISE, 1856-1857+: An agricultural weekly;merged in the Prairie Farmer, Edited by E. Porter Little.Western Journal of Music, 1856-1857: Semi-monthly. Edited byWilliam H. Currie, and published by R. G. Greene. It was apaper " devoted to literature and art . . . to the advancementof musical knowledge and interest, in the western states particularly."EVANGEL, i857(?) (?): Edited by J. G. Wilson. Mentionedin the city directory for 1857.LE JOURNAL DE L 'ILLINOIS, 1857-1858: First issued in Kankakeeas a weekly on January 2, 1857, by A. Grandpr and ClaudePetit, being the first French newspaper published in the state.In September, 1857, it was moved to Chicago under the samefor itsmanagement. For one month it was issued semi-weekly, afterwhich it was changed back to weekly.DAILY LEDGER, 1857: Published by Barnes, Stewart, and Paine.Seth Paine was editor.CHICAGO MAGAZINE, THE WEST AS IT Is, March- August, 1857:Founded by the Mechanics' Institute, an organization for nightstudy,the object being partly to secure exchanges gratislibrary. Zebina Eastman was the editor ; John Gager and Companywere the publishers. The magazine was devoted to literature,biography, historical reminiscence, etc. Mr. H. E. Flemingmentions it as "the literary-historical magazine of highesttone." It was beautifully and profusely illustrated, and thoughit carried as many advertisements as were usual at that time, itsexpenses were greater than its receipts. The five numbers publishedwere got out with increasing difficulty, and the magazineexpired in August. According to Andreas, the failure was a greatloss to the literary interests of the city. Monthly. CSHMUSICAL REVIEW, 1857-1858: Edited by C. M. Cady; publishedby Higgins Brothers and; printed by Pool and Spaulding.NORTHWESTERN BANK NOTE AND COUNTERFEIT REPORTER, 1857-1858: Published by Isaac A. Pool. Semi-monthly.NORTHWESTERN PRESBYTERIAN, 1857 to date (1869): A weeklyedited and published in 1869 by Rev. E. E. Erskine and Rev.David McKinney. Rev. J. B. McClure was associate editor.PRESBYTERIAN EXPOSITOR, 1857 to date (1860): Monthly. HCREAL ESTATE NEWS LETTER AND INSURANCE MONITOR, 1857-1858:Published monthly by Gallaher and Gilbert. Had an existenceof only a few months.REAL ESTATE REGISTER OR THE NORTHWEST, May, 1857-1858:Issued monthly. Edited and published by G. W. Yerby andCompany.E

72 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGO RECORD, April, i857-April i, 1858+: Monthly. Editedand owned by James Grant Wilson. Devoted to religion, literature,and fine arts. With vol. 2 the title was changed toASCHWCHURCH RECORD, -f April i, iSsS-April i, 1860+ With vol. : 4,to ASCHWFApril i, 1860, changed againCHICAGO RECORD, + April i, i86o-March 15, 1862+ :Anew numberingwas begun, but the old was resumed with vol. 4, no. 2.In March, 1862, Mr. Wrilson sold the magazine to enter the Unionarmy. In the issue for March 15, he says in his parting words thatthe publication has been a success. It was the pioneer paper ofits kind published in the northwest. The purchaser was Rev.Thomas Smith, who in the March 15 issue said he would continueit as ASHCWAn Epis-NORTHWESTERN CHURCH, -(-March, 1862 to date (1865):copal church paper. Rev. Thomas Smith was proprietor andWSpublisher, 1862-1865.SATURDAY EVENING CHRONOTYPE, 1857: Edited by C. A. Washburn;continued three months.SUNDAY LEADER, 1857 The ( ?) first : exclusively Sunday newspaperof any permanence issued in Chicago. Published by S.P. Rounds; managing editor, Edward Bliss. It lived but ashort time, though longer than Vacuna. A distinguishing featurewas its chess column edited by Lewis Poulson.SUNDAY HERALD, i857(?) (?):It was started subsequent tothe establishment of the Sunday Leader, in opposition to it.The Herald ran about a year.TRESTLE BOARD, 1857- (?): Edited and published by J. J.Clarkson in the interest of the Masonic fraternity.DAILY UNION, 1857-1858: Issued by the Chicago Union PrintingCompany. Louis Schade was general editor; B. H. Meyers,city editor.WELLS' COMMERCIAL EXPRESS AND WESTERN PRODUCE REPORTER,1857-1871: Joel Henry Wells was editor and publisher until1866; Wells and Vittum, 1866-1868; then Wells alone. Atfirst weekly, then weekly and monthly. A daily edition calledMorning Bulletin was published from 1857 to 1859. After 1861there was a daily edition called the Chicago Commercial Express.This paper was listed in some of the directories asWells' Commercial Express. EWESTERN RAILROAD GAZETTE, April, i857-April, 1870+:StanleyG. Fowler was editor and publisher, 1861-1865; A. N. Kellogg,1866-1870. The title was changed April, 1870, to WHF

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 73RAILROAD GAZETTE, + April, 1870-1882+: After the fire ofOctober, 1871, the paper was published simultaneously in Chicagoand New York. A. N. Kellogg was proprietor, 1872; A.N. Kellogg and Company were proprietors, 1873. In 1872 S.S. BoardmanWright Dunning and M. N. Forney were editors ;was publisher. S. Wright Dunning and M. N. Forney wereeditors and publishers, 1873-1883. The paper was moved toNew York in 1882. June, 1908, it was united with Railway Ageas Railroad Age Gazette, and is still so published. HWUJCZEITGEIST, 1857-1858: German. Edited by Ernest Georders andpublished by Charles Hess.CLOUD AND THE Bow, July 7, 1858 ( ?) A : semi-monthly religiouspublication, edited by Rev. W. H. Hadley. "Devoted tothe benefit of the friendless, the tempted, and the erring."EHEMERY'S JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, January i-October 7, 1858+:Edited by Henry D. Emery and Charles D. Bragdon. Withvol. 2, no. 15 (Prairie Farmer, vol. 18, no. 41), October7, 1858, Mr. Emery, who had bought the Prairie Farmer,October i, continued the paper as Emery's Journal of Agricultureand Prairie Farmer, October 7, i858-January, 1859. Januaryi, 1859, he shortened the title to the original Prairie Farmer, andcontinued the publication. (See p. 54.)WHHERALD, May, i858-September, 1860+ : Established by IsaacCook and Charles N. Pine as a Buchanan administrationorgan to antagonize the Times, which supported Douglas.In 1859it was sold to Cyrus H. McCormick. The Times wasbought by McCormick in September, 1860, and the first numberof the Daily Times and Herald was issued September 8. Thispaper was maintained through the campaign of 1860 as an extremeexponent of State Rights Democracy. Ex-Governor E.W. McComas was editor first of the Herald, later of the Timesand Herald. An advertisement of the Herald before the consolidationannounces that the paper will continue "an organ ofDemocratic thought and an exponent of constitutional principles.It will advocate the equal rights of the people and the fraternalunion of the States. ... Its motto is 'Principles, not Men.'As a commercial, mechanical, literary and moral newspaper,itwill be inferior to none in the West. Nothing will be allowedin its columns that will cause a blush to the most rigidly pure."(See Times.)ANORTHWESTERN PRAIRLE FARMER, October 7, 185810 date (1860):Established by James C. Medill, editor, and William S. Honnold,publisher, who apparently did not wish to be includedamong those who sold their good will to H. D. Emery with the

74 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSPrairie Farmer. The Northwestern Prairie Farmer used thesame slogan that the Prairie Farmer had used: "Farmers, writefor your paper." Charles Betts appeared as an editor sometime after the establishment of the paper, which is found in thedirectory for 1859 and 1860.NORTHWESTERN QUARTERLY MAGAZINE, October, 1858: Editedby James Grant Wilson and published by Rufus Blanchard. Aserious magazine, " the most ambitious of the kind ever attemptedin Chicago, and quite pretentious for so early a date ..."Intelling of the aims of the magazine the editors said that " the broadfields of literature" were to be traversed "and the progress of finearts to be traced." The financial embarrassment of Mr. Blanchardin another publication enterprise prevented the appearanceof a second number of the Quarterly, even though the materialfor it was in the proof.DET RATTA HEMLANDET, +1858-1873+: Established in Galesburgin 1856 as a monthly devotional paper, it was removed toChicago in 1858. It editors to 1873 were the same as for Hemlandet.Merged inEHHEMLANDET, DET GAMLA OCH DET NYE, + January 7, 1858 todate : A Swedish Lutheran paper, published at Galesburg fromJanuary 3, 1855, to 1858, when it was moved to Chicago. Itwas edited by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist, 1855-1858; Dr. EricNorelius, assisted by Jonas Engberg, 1859; Norelius was succeededby Erland Carlsson, assisted by Engberg. Carlssonturned the work over to Engberg, 1863-1864; Dr. A. R. Cervin,1864-1868; J. G. Princell, January-July, 1869; P. A. Sundelius,1869; Johan Alfred Enander, 1869-1872; Enander and G. A.Bohman, 1872-1889. The firm was dissolved in 1889, and wassucceeded by the Hemlandet Publishing Company, 1890. In1891 Hemlandet was sold to A. E. Johnson with J. N. Soderholmas partner, editor-in-chief, and manager, 1891-1896; in 1896Johnson bought out Soderholm, organized the Hemlandet Companywith himself as president, and Johan Alfred Enander againbecame editor. In 1869 the character of the paper was changedfrom a mainly religious to a general newspaper. Republicanand still devoted to the interests of the Lutheran church.BANK NOTE REPORTER AND COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR, 1859 (?) todate (1860): Listed in city directories for 1859 and 1860 as issuedmonthly and semi-monthly by E. K. Willard and Mr. Young.A Bank Note Reporter is listed in 1861 with E. I. Tinkham aspublisher, and McElroy's Bank Note Reporter is listed in 1862and 1863.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 75CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR AND WESTERN UNITED PRESBYTERIAN,i859(?) to date (1880): The first mention of this publicationis in the directory for 1879, although 1859 is given as the timewhen it was established. In 1879it was listed as Christian Instructor,with Morrison, McCoy, and McDill as publishers. Thelonger name was used the next year; John Morrison and A. G.McCoy were editors and publishers. Then the short name wasused, and Albert McCoy was named as editor.DENTAL COSMOS, 1859 to date (1879): A monthly, devoted to dentalsurgery and advertising. Printed in Philadelphia; issuedsimultaneously in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Chicago.In 1876, James W. White, M.D., D.D.S.,was editor, and SamuelS. W. White, publisher. The journal had the same editor andpublisher to date (1879).-NORTHWESTERN HOME AND SCHOOL JOURNAL, i859( ?)- (?) : J.T. Eberhart was proprietor, and the assistant editor was RollaA. Law. The paper appears in the city directory for 1859.PHILLIPS' NORTHWESTERN MONEY REPORTER AND INSURANCEJOURNAL, i859(?)- (?) : Issued weekly, monthly, and semimonthlyby B. W. Phillips. Noted in the city directory for 1859.Listed also as Northwestern Money Reporter.REPORT or SUITS, JUDGMENTS, CHATTEL MoRTGAGES,ETC.,i859(?)to date (1860): Listed in the city directories for 1859 and 1860 asa daily, published by Edward Bean.WESTERN BANNER, i859( ?) to date (1860): Listed in the directoriesfor 1859 and 1860 with B. D. KUlian as editor and proprietor.BAPTIST MONTHLY, January, 1860 to date (1861): "A repositoryof original sermons, reviews, literary and religious miscellany."W. Stuart Goodno was publisher.Bluffdale was a regular contributor.John Russell ofHCOMMERCIAL LETTER, i86o(?)-- (?): A daily listed in the citydirectory of 1860.CONGREGATIONAL REVIEW, i86o(?) to date (1871): A religious bimonthly,published in 1870 and 1871 by G. S. G. Savage.HOME LAND, i86o( ?)- ( ?) A German : weekly listed in the citydirectory of 1860.HOME VISITOR, 1860 to date: A philanthropic monthly, issued byChicago Home for the Friendless as an organ of communicationwith its constituency. Goodman, Church, and Donnelleywere publishers, 1867-1868. Mrs. Mary G. Clarke was editor,1869-1871; Eliza W. Bowman, 1872-1880; Ellen C. Babbittwas editor in 1907. Mary B. Stalker has been editor since 1907.

76 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSKATHOLISCHES WOCHENBLATT, 1860 to date: E. Schultze wasproprietor, 1862-1863; Franz Xavier Brandecker was editor andpublisher, 1864-1880. In 1908 Brandecker was publisher andGeorge Schle>er was editor. In 1863 this paper was listed asthe Catholic Journal. German Catholic.MARKET REVIEW AND PRICE CURRENT, 1860 to date (1861): Listedin the city directories of 1860 and 1861 as a weekly, publishedby P. L. and J. H. Wells.CHICAGO MEDICAL EXAMINER, January, i86o-September, 1875+:Issued monthly. N. S. Davis, M.D., and Frank W. Reilly, M.D.,were editors, and W. Cravens and Company were publishers,1861-1862; N. S. Davis was editor, 1863-1864, and editor andpublisher, 1865-1870. From 1873 to 1875 N. S. and I. H. Daviswere editors and publishers. After 1871 the word Chicago wasdropped from the title, and the paper was a semi-monthly. InSeptember 1875, the Medical Examiner was united with theChicago Medical Journal as the Chicago Medical Journal andExaminer. (See Chicago Medical Journal.} HMEDICAL INVESTIGATOR, 1860-1875+: This was a bi-monthlyhomeopathic journal of a somewhat popular order, edited anonymouslyand published at least until 1874 by C. S. Halsey, exceptin 1 86 1, when the publishers were Halsey and King. It reportedthe progress of the various homeopathic societies throughoutthe country and gave extracts from the lectures that were beinggiven at the Hahnemann Medical College. At the close of 1866it became a strictly professional monthly, with Dr. T. C. Duncanas its editor. In 1875it was merged with the United States Medicaland Surgical Journal, and became theUNITED STATES MEDICAL INVESTIGATOR, +1875-1893: Semimonthly.Dr. T. C. Duncan editor and publisher, 1875; Dr.T. C. Duncan editor, and F. Duncan manager, 1876; Dr. T. C.Duncan editor, and Duncan Brothers publishers, 1877-1880.Dr. W. E. Reed became editor in 1889, and was succeeded inJanuary, 1891, by Dr. Charles H. Evans. In 1893 its publicationwas discontinued.MORNING POST, December 25, 1860-1865+: Daily and weekly.Established by James W. Sheahan, Andre Matteson, and FrancisA. Eastman as a Democratic paper, friendly to Douglas, ancconservatively supporting the war measures of the government.It was edited by J. W. Sheahan, 1862-1865, and published by theChicago Post Company. In 1863it became the Post and continuedso until 1865. In that year Sheahan and Matteson wereeditors and F. A. Eastman was manager. The latter had soldhis interest to William Pigott in 1862. The paper was sold toH

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 77the founders of Republican in 1865, and a new Post started September4, 1865, which after a few months became the EveningPost (which see).NAHNORTHWESTERN MONEY REPORTER, i86o(?): Listed in the citydirectory of 1860 as weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly.NORTHWESTERN PULPIT, February, 1860-- (?):A monthly repositoryof original sermons, reviews, and articles literary andreligious. Published by W. Stuart Goodno at Jacksonville inaccord with action taken by the Illinois Baptist General Association.Dated at Chicago and Jacksonville. HRAIL SPLITTER, June 23 till fall, 1860: A Lincoln campaign paperedited by Charles Leib. Each issue contained at least one pertinentand forcible cartoon. HSATURDAY EVENING REVIEW, i86o(?): Published by WilliamPigott.STIMME DES VOLKS, i86o(?): Weekly.WELLS' MARINE REGISTER, i86o(?) to date (1864): Publisheddaily during navigation.WESTERN CHURCHMAN, i86o(?) : Monthly. Listed in the directoryfor 1860.AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 1861 to date: Monthly. Devoted to theinterests of bee-keepers. In 1873 and 1874 W. F. Clarke waseditor; Thomas G. Newman, business manager; and the AmericanPublishing Company were publishers. In 1875 Mr. Clarkeand Mrs. E. S.Tupper were editors, with the same manager andThomas G. Newman was editor and publisher inpublishers.1876. For the four years following Thomas G. Newman waseditor; Newman and Sons were publishers. In 1907 George W.York was editor, the publishers were George W. York andCompany.JAMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERIA MEDICA, i86i(?) to date (1862):A monthly medical journal, edited by George E. Shipman,M.D. ; published by Halsey and King.INSURANCE AND RAILWAY REGISTER, i86i(?) to date (1863):Monthly. J. A. Nichols was editor and proprietor.LEGAL ADVISER, 1861 to date: A monthly advertising sheet devotedIts aim "is to be a medium of information onto legal interests.questions of law, administration, and public policy,colonialand foreign affairs, industrial arts and sciences, popular literature,etc." E. M. Haines, who established the paper, was still editorand publisher in 1880. The Legal Adviser Publishing Companywere editors and publishers in 1907.NHU

78 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLUMBERMAN'S ADVERTISER AND WEEKLY PRICE CURRENT, i86i(?)to date (1862): Nat. A. Haven was publisher.MERCHANTS' MONTHLY CIRCULAR AND ILLUSTRATED NEWS, 1861( ?) + :J. C. W. Bailey was editor and proprietor. In the firstyear of its existence the paper became the Chicago Merchants'Weekly Circular and Illustrated News, listed also as ChicagoMerchants' Weekly Circular.CHICAGO MERCHANTS' WEEKLY CIRCULAR AND ILLUSTRATEDNEWS, +1861-1866+ An :advertising sheet that carried somecontinued stories and other "light literature." Published byJohn C. W. Bailey. In 1866 the paper became the HWESTERN MERCHANTS' PRICE CURRENT AND MANUFACTURERS'RECORD, +1866-1870: A weekly commercial paper and advertisingsheet. It was edited and published by John C. W.Bailey, except in 1869, when Mr. Bailey and William Holly wereeditors and Mr. Bailey publisher. The paper was listed in thevarious directories as given above; or as Price Current andManufacturers' Record, Western Merchants' Price Current, orMerchants and Manufacturers' Record.L'OBSERVATEUR DE CHICAGO, i86i(?)-- (?): A French paper.S. E. Pinta was publisher.PRESBYTERIAN RECORDER, January 3, i86i(?) to date (1862): Thepublishers of this paper were Lake, Quinlan, and Raymond.A daily, devoted to theatrical in-PROGRAMME, 1861- (after 1873):terests. G. W. Morris was publisher, 1868-1870. P. H. Massicwas editor and publisher in 1870 and publisher in 1871. In 1873Marsh and Baker were publishers.DAILY RECORD AND HOTEL REGISTER, i86i(?) to date (1870):UAMERICAN CHURCHMAN, 1862 to date (1871):John J. W. O'Donoghue was editor, proprietor, and publisher,1864-1870. It is listed as Daily Record in the city directories,1867-1870. Rowell mentions it in 1869 as Evening Record, andgives 1861 as date of establishment.EAn Episcopal churchIn 1869 H. R. Hay-paper edited by Hugh Miller Thompson.den was publisher. The American Churchman Company werepublishers 18)0 and 1871. SAMERICAN SPIRIT AND WINE TRADE REVIEW, i862( ?) to date (1881):A commercial semi-monthly publication. J.T. Pratt wasalso as Wineeditor, 1878-1879. The title of the paper is givenand Spirit Review, and Western Spirit and Wine Trade.FARMERS' VOICE AND RURAL OUTLOOK, 1862 to date: An agriculturalmonthly. H. A. Bereman was editor, and the Farmers'Press Publishing Company were publishers in 1907-1908.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 79INDEX UNIVERSITATES, March, 1862- (?): A college monthlypaper "published by the classes of the University of Chicago."The editors of the first number were John S. Mabie, Thomas W.Goodspeed, P. Albert Coen, and Hugh M. Howie. HMCELROY'S BANK NOTE REPORTER, i862(?)-i863(?): Issuedmonthly and semi-monthly. This may have been a continuationof Bank Note Reporter.NATIONAL BANNER, May i-November, 1862+: A monthly. Establishedby Miss Delphine P. Baker to create a patriotic fundfor the relief of disabled soldiers and their families, to disseminateliterature of high tone, etc. George D. Prentice, BenjaminF. Taylor, James Grant Wilson, Horace Greeley, William H.Channing, and Theodore Tilton were contributors. After sevennumbers the Banner was issued from Washington. HTELEGRAPH, i862(?) to date (1864): Issued daily and weekly. G.Feuchtinger was proprietor in 1862. In 1863 Dr. Ernest Schmidtwas editor and proprietor. C. Knobelsdorf and Binder wereeditors and proprietors 1864.BLATTER, i863(?)-- (?): A German paper published by HenryHoiser.HAUSFREUND, i863( ?)-i87i( ?)A :weekly religious paper conductedin 1863 by an association of evangelist pastors for the UnitedEvangelical Church. Joseph Hartman was editor, George E.Gross publisher in 1864; Rev. E. Guntrum was editor in 1870-1871, and the Northwestern German Company Synod werepublishers.JOURNAL or COMMERCE, 1863-1896+ :J. E. C. Heyer was commercialeditor in 1869; D. Kerr, Jr., was business manager; andTappan, McKillop, and Company were editors and publishers.The same was still true in 1877. The name of William Bakerappears as proprietor at this date. In 1880 the Journal of CommerceCompany were publishers.was changed to Iron and Steel.In 1896 the title of the paperHEDAILY MUSEUM, 1863-1864+ A :daily advertising sheet publishedin the interest of the Chicago Museum by Robert V. Kennedy.It was changed toHMUSEUM AND HOTEL REGISTER, +i864(?) to date (1873): Dailyexcept Sunday. R. V. Kennedy was editor and publisher in1869; S. S. Schoff and Company, 1870. In 1873 the EveningMail Company were editors and publishers.NEW WORLD, 1863 to date (1873): A weekly publication devoted totemperance. It was dated from Chicago and Detroit. The newWorld Company edited and published the paper in 1872; J.H

8oILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSand C. P. Russell were editors and F. N. Newman was publisherin 1873.Not the same as the paper now issued under same name.PEOPLES' DENTAL JOURNAL, 1863 to date (1865):Issued quarterly.W. W. Allport, D.D.S., and S. P. Creighton were editors in 1863 ;W. W. Allport, D.D.S., A. Hill, D.D.S., and J. Richardson,D.D.S., were editors, and L. P. Haskell was publisher in 1864and 1865.HSONG MESSENGER, 1863 to date (1875) Monthly. Root and Cady:were editors and publishers, 1869-1870. R. J. Murray was editorin 1871, and Root and Cady were publishers. W. S. B. Mathewswas editor, and Root and Cady were publishers, 1872-1873. In1874 and 1875 F. W. Root was editor and George F. Root andSons were publishers. A copy for April, 1868, owned by theAmerican Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts, bearsthe title Song Messenger of the Northwest. ECVOICE OF MASONRY, January, 1 863-1 883 (?): Monthly, devoted toMasonic and It had as subtitlesscience, harmony, uniformity.and Tidings from the Craft, and and Family Magazine. RobertMorris and J. Adams Allen were its first editors. J. C. W.position until 1873, JohnBailey soon became publisher, and in 1869 editor also, in whichhe continued when W. Brown becameassociated with him. In 1875 A. G. Mackey became associatedwith Brown as editor. This continued until 1879 or 1880, whenJ. W. Brown became editor and publisher, and continued as faras available files go.HCVOLUNTEER, October-November, 1863: A daily, edited by "theladies of the Northwestern Fair," and published by W. S. Spencer.WESTERN RURAL, 1863-1883+: An agricultural paper, listed as aweekly in 1879 and bi-weekly in 1881, and dated for Chicago,Columbus, and Kansas City. H. N. F. Lewis was editor andpublisher 1863-1869. In 1870 F. H. Glenn, Chicago, andEdward Mason, Detroit, were associate editors. In 1873it waslisted as Western Rural and Family Weekly Paper. On September22, 1883it became Western Rural and American Stockman.WHEWORKINGMAN'S ADVOCATE, 1864 to date (1879): Messrs. Blakeand Hayde w^re publishers in 1864. The name of the paper isgiven in the directory for 1867-1868 as Workingman's Advocateand Anti-monopolist, with the Anti-monopolist Publishing Companyas publishers. It was the official organ of the labor unionin 1869. A. C. Cameron was editor and publisher, 1869-1879.Dated from Chicago, Detroit, and Cincinnati in 1879.ACADEMY OF Music GAZETTE, i864(?) to date (1867): A weekly,devoted to musical interests. W. J. Jefferson and Company

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 81were publishers, 1864-1865; G. S. Utter and Company, 1866-1867.ADVENT CHRISTIAN TIMES, 1864 to date (1877): A second-adventweekly. In 1873 William L. Hines was editor; in 1874-1875,William Sheldon; 1876-1877, Frank Burr. The publishersduring these periods were the Western Advent Christian PublishingSociety.UAMERICAN LAW MANUAL, i864(?) to date (1867): A quarterly publication,devoted to legal interests. E. M. Haines was publisher,1864-1867.BATAVEER IN AMERICA, i864(?) (?): A Batavian paper, published by John Vant Woud.BRITISH AMERICAN, October, 1864 (?): "A weekly journal offoreign and domestic news." Its foreign news seems to havebeen secured entirely from foreign papers.HDEUTSCH-AMERIKANISCHE MONATSHEFTE, 1864 (?): An excellentjournal of politics, science, and literature, edited by CasparButz and a number of associated editors, including Carl Schurz,Emil Preetorius, and Franz Sigel.GERMAN AMERICAN, i864(?) to date (1872): Published by CasparButz, 1864-1866. It is listed as weekly in 1872; published byLieb and Hornaday.It had started as a monthly.HERALD OF TRUTH, i864(?)-i867(?) A :monthly Mennonite paperpublished in English and in German. John F. Funk was editorand proprietor.MYSTIC STAR, July, 1864 to date (1874): A monthly, devoted toMasonic interests, bearing the motto, "Let there be light." Theeditors and publishers were as follows : Rev. W. J. Chaplin, Rev.James Billings, and Solomon D. Bayless, P.G.M., editors, andJames Billings, publisher, July, i866-July, 1867; Rev. JamesBillings and Solomon D. Bayless, editors, and James Billings,Solomon D. Bayless and S. Ashton, associate editors, andpublisher, July, i867~January, 1868; James Billings, editor-inchief,Ashton and Company, publishers and proprietors, January,1 868- January, 1869; Ashton and Company, editors and publishers,1869; J. Billings, editor and publisher, 1870-1871; J.Billings, editor and F. M. Newman, publisher, 1872-1873;Mystic Star Company, editors and publishers, 1874.HPEOPLES' JOURNAL OF HEALTH, i864(?) to date (1865): Issuedmonthly. Dr. Juston Hayes and Dr. C. R. Blackwell were publishers.

82 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRemoved to Chicago fromSANDEBUDET, + December, 1864 to date :Rockford, where it was established as a fortnightly SwedishMethodist paper by Victor Wittig on July 18, 1862. After ayear and a half Albert Ericson became editor and remained sountil November, 1864, when the M. E. Book Concern took overthe publication and removed it to Chicago, where it was publishedby Poe and Hitchcock beginning December 8. In August, 1863,it was changed to a weekly. Victor Wittig became editor 1865 ;and Albert Ericson again 1867-1871. It was suspended forabout a year after the fire; reappeared October 14, 1872, withN. O. Westergreen as editor; William Henschen, 1875-1882;Victor Wittig, 1882-1889; William Henschen, 1889-1898; H.K. Elmstrom, 1898-1902; William Henschen. 1902 to date. In1889 Sandebudet passed into the control of the Swedish M. E.Book Concern, which merged Vdktaren (begun 1888) in theolder paper. Independent in politics.TEMPLAR'S OFFERING, i864(?) to date (1867): Cowdery and Lawwere publishers, 1864-1865, and Rolla A. Law was publisher,1866-1867.UNION BANNER AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, i864(?): Publishedby W. S. Spencer and Company.UNITED STATES REVIEW, 1864 to date (1876): Issued semi-monthlyand devoted to insurance. It was dated for Philadelphia andChicago in 1875. R. R. Deardon was publisher in 1875, andeditor and publisher in 1876.BEE, i865(?) (?): A daily, published by Pigott and Fowler.CITY EVENING NEWS, i865(?) (?): A daily, published by J.M. Climie.COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER AND COUNTING ROOM MANUAL, i865(?)(?) : John R. Robinson was publisher in 1865.EVANGELIST, 1865 to date (1881): An evangelical weekly. B. W.Johnson and B. J. Radford were editors and publishers in 1880.HOME CIRCLE AND TEMPERANCE ORACLE, 1865 to date (1871):Amonthly, devoted to "literature, temperance, morality, and thepeople." S. M. Kennedy was editor and publisher in 1869,and in 1871. A paper called Home Circle is mentioned in thedirectory for 1878-1879.LITERARY MESSENGER, October 14, 1865- (?): "A journaldevoted to the interests of the Northwest." "Arts, literature,science, news, fashions and amusements" were included in itspages. The literary element predominated at first, and wascreditable. A story by Mrs. M. L. Rayne was begun in the firstnumber. The editor's name was not given.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 83LITTLE CORPORAL, July, 1865-1875: A monthly, in journal form,devoted to secular, juvenile literature. Its motto was: "Fightingagainst Wrong, and for the Good and the True and the Beautiful."This excellent magazine was originally published forthe United States Sanitary Commission in connection with a fair.Its success and popularity encouragedits continuance fora decade.It was the first periodical from Chicago to secure wide attention,and the first juvenile in the country to be read by children everywhere.It was the forerunner of St. Nicholas, of New York,and influenced for the better the character of the Youth's Companionof Boston. The names of the editors and publishers areas follows: Alfred L. Sewell, editor and publisher, 1865 ;Sewelland Edward Eggleston, editors, A. L. Sewell, publisher, 1866-1868 ;Sewell and Emily Huntington Miller, editors, Sewell, publisher,1868-1869; Sewell and Emily H. Miller, editors, Sewelland Miller, publishers, 1870; Sewell and E. H. Miller, editors,Alfred L. Sewell and Company, publishers, 1871; Emily HuntingtonMiller, editor, and John E. Miller, publisher, 1872-1875.Edward Eggleston and Frances E. Willard were frequent contributors.In April, 1872, Work and Play, of Springfield, Mass.,was absorbed. The circulation of the Little Corporal wasremarkably large in the early years, but the advertising was notcorrespondingly developed, and after a gradual decline, the publicationceased in 1875. Vols. 15 and 16, 1872 and 1873, are inthe Evanston Public Library.MONTHLY, THE, January, 1865-- (?): A Catholic paper devotedto literature, science, and art. Edited at the University of St.Mary's of the Lake; published by J. J. Kearney and James P.Byrne.HNORTHWESTERN SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS' QUARTERLY, January,1865-1866+ Edited by Rev. : J. H. Vincent, Rev. E. A.Pierce, Rev. W. W. Evarts, forming a publication committee.The publication had been begun with the idea of reaching chieflythe teachers of the northwest. After one year the name waschanged toSUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER, + January, 1866-1869+: A continuationof Northwestern Sunday School Teachers' Quarterly, editedby Rev. J. H. Vincent, Rev. E. A. Pierce, Rev. W. W. Evarts,forming a publication committee. In 1867 the committee wascomposed of Rev. Edward Eggleston, Rev. Z. M. Humphrey,Rev. E. G. Taylor, Rev. Charles Edward Cheney, Rev. H. L.Hammond; Prof. H. R. Palmer was art editor. Published byAdams, Blackmer, and Lyon under the auspices of the ChicagoSunday School Union. In January, 1869, changed to HCHH

84 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER, + January, 1869 to date(1881) A continuation of Sunday School Teacher, with the same:board of editors and the same publishers. Rev. Edward Egglestonwas editor, 1870-1873. The publication was not stoppedby the fire. M. C. Hazard was editor from 1874 until after 1880,and Adams, Black mer, and Lyon were publishers. HPOST, September 4, 1865-1874+ A : Republican paper, daily andweekly, which until February 3, 1866, was published as the Post.Then itappeared as Evening Post, and later as the Chicago Post,but the title Evening Post seems to have prevailed after December14, 1866. Established by William Pigott, who used the papersuccessfully to effect the election of the "soldiers' ticket." Atfirst it was published by Pigott and Stanley G. Fowler, but aftera few months it was bought by David Blakely, who associatedwith him in the business department his brother, C. H. Blakely.For a short time General Hasbrouck Davis was editor. In 1867the Post Printing Company was organized and Charles H. Raywas made editor. In the same year William H. Schuyler becamemanager. In 1869 Schuyler sold his interest to McMullenBrothers, and J. B. McMullen became manager. Ray died in1870. Late in 1873 controlling stock was bought by WoodburyM. Taylor and the Post was consolidated with the Mail to formtheHEPOST AND MAIL, + January, 1874-1876+:Daily and weekly. In1876 the Post and Mail was continued as the HUCCHICAGO POST, +i876-August, 1878: Woodbury M. Taylor waspresident of the owning company, and was manager until December,1877, although McMullen Brothers were publishers forseveral months in 1877. In 1878, while organizing a new company,Oliver A. Willard, a leading stockholder, died. Thepaper was continued for a few months by his sister, Frances E.Willard, after which it was sold, August, 1878, to the News. CRELIGIO-PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL, 1865 to date (1895) A :spiritualistpaper issued weekly. Early in 1867 a successor to theReligio-Philosophical Journal was announced to appear underthe name of Spiritual Republic. It was not to be ' 'tied to any'sect or party. . . The editors purposed to "correct allthe evil of the world and set things in general to rights." Exceptfor one mention of it in the city directory for 1869, there is noevidence that this paper appeared. The old name was beingused, moreover, in 1869, according to Rowell's newspaper direcfrnyfor that year, which gives S. S. Jones as editor and the Religio-Philosophical Publishing Association as publishers. S. S. Joneswas editor and publisher, 1870-1877, and proprietor, 1873-1875.In 1879 and 1880, John C. Bundy was editor and manager.EHUW

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 85REPUBLICAN, May 30, i865~March, 1872: A daily established byan imposinglist of stockholders, who were dissatisfied with theTribune, including Ira Y. Munn, John V. Farwell, J. K. C. Forrest,and J. Y. Scammon of Chicago; Jesse K. Dubois and JacobBunn of Springfield ; John Wood of Quincy ; J. Wilson Shafferof Freeport; A. C. Babcock of Canton; A. W. Mock of Kankakee;and Henry Childs of Du Page county. The companybought the plant and the Associated Press franchise of theMorning Post. Charles A. Dana was made editor, A. W. Mock,publisher. Dana did not assume his duties until well on in July.In just one year these gentlemen withdrew. Dana was nothappy in the position, and not enough money was put into theenterprise to put it properly on its feet. A brief suspension followedthe change of management. The stock was now controlledby Bunn and Dubois; a new company was formed; V.B. Denslow was made editor, George D. Williston, manager,and publication was resumed August 5, 1865. After one yearDenslow withdrew and James F. Ballantyne became editor.He was succeeded by Henry M. Smith, and he by John G. Nicolayin 1869. In 1870 Bunn, having become sole owner, sold toa company consisting of Joseph B. McCullagh, John R. Walsh,H. N. Hibbard, and William H. Schuyler. Burned out in thefire, the Republican was bought by John Y. Scammon; it reappearedon October 12, and continued until March, 1872, whenit was succeeded by the Inter Ocean. Complete file in the libraryof the Boston Athenaeum. SDHANEUNITED STATES MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL, October, 1865-:September, 1874+ A homeopathic journal, published by C. S.Halsey, under the editorial supervision of Dr. George E. Shipman.Its pages record a great advance in the development ofthe new system of medical practice. In 1871, on behalf of theHahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Drs. W. Danforth,A. E. Small, and R. Ludlam bought the interest of Mr. Halsey,the publisher. From that time the journal was largely filledwith reports of lectures in that school, and with the transactionsof the Chicago Academy of Medicine. After the completion ofnine volumes it was merged with the Medical Investigator, andbecame the United States Medical Investigator.VOICE OF THE FAIR, April 27 or 28-June 24, 1865: A paper issuedin the interest of the Northwestern Sanitary Fair. Weekly untilMay 30, then daily. Edited by Andrew Shuman. File in thelibrary of Boston Athenaeum.HCWESTERN TEMPERANCE ADVOCATE, August 4, 1865 to date (1868):Established as the official organ of the Sons of Temperance, itHJ

86 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSwas larger in its ambition and scope than that fact indicates.Rev. J. C. Stoughton was editor until January 30, 1868, whenthe usual lack of funds caused a new arrangement, whereby T.M. Van Court became publisher the; period of issue was changedfrom a week to a fortnight, and the publication was "edited'round " by volunteers. It was apparently soon discontinued. HYOUNG CATHOLIC'S FRIEND, i865(?) ( ?) A : monthly juvenilepaper, published by J. J. Kearney.BANKING AND INSURANCE CHRONICLE, 1866 (?): Weekly;continued until some time after November, 1867. EHJBELLETRISTISCHE ZEITUNG, 1866 to date (1876): The Sundayedition of the Chicago Union, edited and published in 1876 byHermann Lieb.BROWN SCHOOL HOLIDAY BUDGET, Christmas, 1866 (?): Anamateur paper edited "by S. P. and Tad," S. P. Rounds, Jr.,and Thomas Lincoln (son of Abraham Lincoln), and announcedto be published occasionally.CHRONICLE, i866-August, 1872+: An insurance and real estateweekly. In 1869, J. J. W. O'Donaghue was editor and publisher.For three years following J. J. W. O'Donaghue andEdgar A. Hewitt were editors; the Chronicle Publishing Company,publishers. In August, 1872, the Chronicle was movedto New York.DAILY COMMERCIAL REPORT AND MARKET REVIEW, i866-i876(?):The successive editors and publishers were: D. D. Michaels,1866-1868; Kennedy and Company, 1868-1870; Daley, Slade,and Cowles, 1870; Daley, Cowles, and Dunkley, 1871; Cowlesand Dunkley, 1874-1876. CCONCORDIA, 1866 to date (1869): A quarterly publication, devotedto literature and music. H. R. Palmer and W. S. B. Mathewswere editors, and H. R. Palmer was publisher in 1869.FRANK LESLIE'S BUDGET OF FUN, i866(?) to date (1867): Leslieand Company were publishers.FRANK LESLIE'S CHIMNEY CORNER, i866(?) to date (1867): Leslieand Company were publishers.JOLLY JOKER, i866(?)-i867(?) : Monthly. A. Leslie was publisher.HOME PAPERS, i866(?)-i868(?): Monthly. Published by C. S.Halsey.LADIES' REPOSITORY, i866(?)-i87o(?): Monthly. Poe and Hitchcockwere publishers 1866-1868; J.W. Wiley was editor in 1870.NATIONAL PROHIBITIONIST, 1866 to date (1871):Company edited and published this paper, 1870-1871.HThe Prohibitionist

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 87MUSICAL REVIEW, 1866-1867: Edited and published by H. M.Higgins; The title was changed, beginning with the thirdnumber, to Higgins Musical Review. Monthly. NNORTH-WESTERN FARMER, 1866 to date (1869): A monthly agriculturalpublication dated from Chicago and Indianapolis, Indiana.The North-Western Farmer Company were editors andpublishers in 1869. UPRICE CURRENT AND MANUFACTURERS' RECORD, 1866 to date(1870): John C. W. Bailey and William Holly were editors in1866. Bailey published the paper at that time, and during 1869and 1870 was both editor and publisher.REFORM, i866(?) to date(i867) :B. F. Bross.A German daily paper published bySKANDIVANEN, May 6, 1866 to date: A Norwegian-Danish dailyand bi-weekly Republican paper, with a Sunday edition. Itwas established by Langeland and Anderson. Shortly afterit started Knud Langeland became editor and John Andersonproprietor. It was weekly and tri- weekly, 1869-1871, withLangeland as editor. In 1873 Victor F. Lawson bought aninterest. Johnson, Anderson, and Lawson were proprietorsand publishers, 1874-1875; in 1876 and 1877 Anderson andLawson were editors and publishers. Mr. Lawson sold his interestin 1889 and the John Anderson Publishing Company hascontinued as publishers from 1889 to date. Of this firm NicolayA. Grevstad was chief editor, assisted by Benson, Westby, E.Anderson, C. Solberg, and Steensohn. Files of the paper areavailable at the office, 183-187 Peoria street, Chicago. UWSEVEN SOUNDS, i866(?) (?): A musical magazine " adapted tothe youth." H. T. Merrill was editor, Merrill and Brennanwere publishers in 1866.SVENSKA AMERIKANAREN, September 8, 1866-1873+: A paperorganized and published by a stock company which wishedaliberalpaper without church or other affiliation. Hans Mattson waseditor until February, 1867, though Herman Roos was virtuallyeditor, and was nominally head of the editorial staff from February,1867, to December, 1869; Peter A. Sundelius, 1868-1870,1871-1873; A. W. Schalin, January to August, 1871. Soldto Charles J. Stenquist in April, 1873. He changed thename toNYA SVENSKA AMERIKANAREN, + April, 1873-1876+: Stenquistsold in 1877 to Hans Mattson, who soon transferred the paper tothe Swedish Publishing Company. The paper was edited byMagnus Elmblad, then Gottfried Cronwall, then, 1874, by A.L. Gyllenhaal, and later by him and Herman Roos till it was sold

88 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSto Mattson. Under the Swedish Publishing Company this paper,Nya Verlden, and Skandia of Moline, were united to form USVENSKA TRIBUNEN, +1876-1906+: Frank Anderson, AndrewChaiser, C. F. Peterson, and a little later, Hans Mattson weremembers of the company that owned the paper. In 1880 Mattsonsold to Carl Gustaf Linderborg, who made the paper liberaland Independent, with Republican tendencies. But Petersonwas a Greeley man in 1872 and afterward Independent, andP. P. Svenson, one of the editors, was a Democrat; as a consequencethe politics was mixed. Among the editors were CarlAnton Mellander, until i894(?). Anders Leonard Gyllenhaal,1894-1899; C. F. Peterson, 1900; Ernst W. Olson, 1900-1901;Gyllenhaal, 1901-1905; Anders Tofft, October, igos-spring of1906; Carl G. Norman, 1906 to date. The plant was sold in1900 to John E. Norling, P. O. Norling, and Samuel E. Carlsson;John E. Norling became sole proprietor in 1901; he soldto C. F. Erikson in 1905. In 1906it combined with SvenskaNyheter as Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter, owned by Erikson andGustav C. Broberg. The latter soon sold to Erikson. The paperhas in the main been Republican.WESTERN PULPIT, January 1866 ( ?)"A : monthly theologicalmiscellany devoted to the purity and power of the ministry, andthe spiritual improvement and harmony of all Christian believers."The miscellany was heavy, and was edited by aboardof six ministers of six various denominations. It was publishedby Rev. R. F. Shinn.HWESTLISCHE UNTERHALTUNGS BLATTER, 1866 to date (1876): AGerman Democratic paper, published weekly the Sundayedition of the Union. Frederick Becker was publisher in 1869;Hermann Lieb was editor and publisher, 1873-1876; W. Bellinghausenand Company are also listed as editors and publishersin 1876.ADVANCE, September 5, 1867 to date: A Congregational weeklyestablished by an association known as the Advance Company.W. W. Patton, D.D., was editor-in-chief 1867-1873, with J. B.T. Marsh, office editor and publisher for the Advance Company.In 1870 A. B. Nettleton was publisher for the Advance Company,but by the year following, J. B. T. Marsh was again fillingthis post. In 1871 Mr. Marsh and H. L. Turner became theproprietors. Mr. Marsh soon sold his share to Mr. Turner, butcontinued on the editorial staff to 1875. In 1873 the paper waspurchased by Charles H. Howard and Company. Dr. Pattonwas succeeded as editor by General Howard, who associatedwith himself Rev. Simeon Gilbert. In 1877 Rev. T. DeWitt

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 89Talmage and Gen. C. H. Howard were editors. The paperwas dated from both New York and Chicago, in that year andin 1879. General Howard continued to 1882, when he sold toRev. Dr. Robert West, who was editor and manager until 1886.Dr. Simeon Gilbert then became editor, with Dr. F. A. Noble asAfter two years Dr. Noble retired andnominal editor-in-chief.a Mr. Harrison became editor and general manager. In 1907J. A. Adams was editor. The Advance Publishing Companywere publishers.EWDHACNANZEIGER, i867(?): German. George F. Gross was publisher.ARLINGTON HALL PROGRAMME, 1867 to date (1868): Ashley andBassett were publishers in 1867 ;Utter and Company in 1868.ART JOURNAL, October, 1867 to date (1871):Monthly. Establishedby Martin O'Brien, with a subtitle An American Reviewof the Fine Arts. Special attention was given to art matters ofChicago, but New York, Boston, and European correspondencegave the journal a much wider scope. At the close of the firstyear J. F. Aitken and Company became the publishers, CharlesA. Evans, the editor. J. Wright became editor in July, 1869. HCOURIER, 1867 to date (1872): A monthly publication, devoted tocommerce, finance, and education. H. B. Bryant was publisher,1869-1870; Bryant and Chase were editors and publishers,1871-1872.EGEM OF THE WEST AND SOLDIERS' FRIEND, 1867 to date (1876)A :weekly in 1870, later a monthly edited; by C. Augustus Havilandand wife. The Soldiers' Friend Company, known later asthe Gem of the West Company, were publishers during theperiod 1872-1876. The paper is given in the newspaper directoryfor 1870 as Western Soldiers' Friend.HCGREAT WEST, i867(?) to date (1868): Monthly. Gilbert, Norton,and Company were publishers.HERALD or PEACE, 1867 to date (1870): A Friends' paper, publishedsemi-monthly. W. E. Hathaway was editor in 1869;Hathaway and Willet Dorland were editors in 1870. The HeraldCompany were publishers, 1869-1870. This was said to be theEonly Friends paper in the west.HERALD or THE COMING KINGDOM AND CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR,i867-i87i( ?) + : A religious semi-monthly publication. In 1869Thomas Wilson and George Moyer were editors; Wilson, St.Clair, and Company were publishers. In 1870 Thomas Wilsonalone was editor; Wilson and St. Clair were publishers.Thepaper advocated "the literal reign of Christ and his saints uponearth, the restoration of the twelve tribes of Israel, the complete

90 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSmortality of man, and the entire destruction of the wicked."It was apparently succeeded in 1871 by Restitution.INSIDE TRACK, 1867 to date (1869) A :monthly, devoted to advertisinginterests. A. N. Kellogg was editor and publisher in 1869.IRISH REPUBLIC, i867(?)- (?): The Irish Republic NewsCompany was publisher.JOURNAL OF THE FARM, 1867 to date (1872) A :monthly agriculturalpaper. Baugh and Sons were publishers in 1871 and 1872.The paper was dated for Philadelphia and Chicago.JUXBRUDER, 1867 to date (1871): A German comic weekly. Dr.A. C. Lebell and H. von Sangen were editors, 1870-1871 ; J. M.Geyerstanger was publisher.LIBERAL, 1867 to date (1870) A :weekly, devoted to "free thought."James Walker was editor and publisher 1869-1870. ELYCEUM BANNER, 1867 to date (1872):Bi-weekly. Mrs. H. F. M.Brown was editor, and Mrs. Lou H. Kimball was publisher,1870-1871. In 1872 Mrs. Lou H. Kimball was editor andpublisher.MECHANIC AND INVENTOR, 1867 to date (1873):Monthly. ThomasA. Sprague was editor; the Mechanic and Inventor Associationwere publishers. In 1873 the journal was dated for Chicagoand Detroit.WEEKLY MERCHANT, i867(?) (?): A commercial weeklypaper, published by Truax and Hornish.NEW REPUBLIC, i867(?), to date (1870): Rev. W. B. Christopherwas editor, 1867-1868. From 1868 to 1870 Frank Gilbert waspublisher.NORTHWESTERN REVIEW, 1867 to date (December, 1874) A :weeklypaper, devoted to insurance. In 1870 and 1871it waspublished monthly. It became weekly again in 1872. R. R.Dearden was editor and publisher, 1870-1874. In 1872 the titlewas given as Northwestern Weekly Re-view.JCHOLIVE WREATH. January, 1867-1869+: An Odd Fellows' monthlymagazine. W. J. Chaplin was editor and publisher, 1867-1869.D. B. Harrington was also a publisher in 1869. This magazinewas consolidated with Odd Fellows' Wreath, Detroit, and WesternOdd Fellow, Mason, to formHWESTERN ODD FELLOW, +i87o(?) to date (1871): A consolidationof Olive Wreath, Chicago, Odd Fellows' Wreath, Detroit, andWestern Odd Fellow, Mason. A weekly, devoted to Odd Fellowship.J. B. Wing and W. S. Woodmere, editors, and D. B.and N. W. Harrington, publishers in 1870. J. Ward Ellis, P.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 91G. M., was editor, and Ellis and Burroughs were publishers in1871. HOPERA HOUSE PROGRAMME, i867(?) to date (1870): A daily. G.S. Utter and Company were publishers.SPECIMEN, July i, 1867 to date (1881): A typographical paper,issued quarterly for advertising purposes. It was published byMarder Luse and Company, type founders.JUNION, i867(?) to date (1868): Published under the auspices ofthe Chicago Typographical Union.L'UNIONE ITALIANO, August 6, 1867 to date (1869): Publishedweekly by the Italo-American Printing Company. This paperwas probably succeeded after one year by // Messaggiere ItalianodeW Quest.AUNION STOCK YARDS EXCHANGE, i867(?) to date (1870) A :dailypaper, published by H. L. Goodall.AMERICAN BUILDER AND JOURNAL OF ART, October 15, 1868-1872:Monthly. Established by Charles D. Lakey, publisher, withJ. C. Adams as editor. Lakey soon became editor and StanleyWaterloo became his associate. The publication was designedespecially to interest builders and to help to remedy defectsin American architecture. A considerable amount of spacewas devoted to art and artists, however, and the journal exerteda beneficial influence in many EHdirections.AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, 1868 to date (1879): A monthlyeducational magazine. Edited and published in 1873 by Rev.E. N. Andrews and Grace Hurwood. In 1875 and 1876, J. B.Merwin was editor and publisher. In 1879 J. B. Merwin andR. B. Shannon were editors and publishers. The paper waspublished at St. Louis. Dated for that city and Chicago. WAMERICAN MESSENGER, i868(?) to date (1871): Monthly. Publishedin English as the American Messenger, and also in Germanas the Americanischer Botschajter. The American TractSociety were the publishers.BONHAM'S RURAL MESSENGER, 1868 to date (1872): An agriculturalmonthly, edited and published in 1871 and 1872 by JeriahBonham.CHICAGOAN, April 18, i868-June, 1869+ : A literary weekly of unusuallygood quality, published by H. N. F. Lewis.The firstnumber began a story by George S. Phillips. Robert Collyerconducted a column; Robert Dale Owen was a contributor.The paper contained good book reviews, and attracted attentionfor its bold and extreme views on social questions. After aboutone year the Chicagoan absorbed Sorosis and Advance Guard,and became theH

92 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSUNIVERSE, +June, 1869 (?): Edited and published byH. N. F. Lewis. Robert Dale Owen was a contributor.CHRISTIAN CYNOSURE, 1868 to date: An opponent of secretsocieties. The newspaper directories from 1871 to 1880 giveRev. J. Blanchard as editor, Ezra Cook and Company as publishers.In 1907, William I. Phillips was editor; the NationalChristian Association were publishers. The Christian Cynosureis given as weekly and bi-weekly in 1872, as weekly in 1879, andas monthly in 1907.FREMAD, 1868 to date (1871): A Scandinavian weekly, Republicanin politics. In 1870 and 1871 S. Beder was editor and publisher.GOSPEL PULPIT, 1868 to date (1869): A Universalist quarterly.Edited and published by Rev. W. J. Chaplin.HOME ECLECTIC, 1868 to date (1870): A monthly, devoted to familyinterests. Sumner Ellis was editor and publisher.ILLUSTRATED CHICAGO NEWS, April 24, 1868-- (?): A verycreditable weekly, with illustrations by Thomas Nast and otherwell known artists. An editorial in the first number announcesthat "we shall make the Illustrated Chicago News, as far as weare able, a truly Western paper, but at the same time one thatwill make itself interesting to the East as well as the West."Farnum and Church were the publishers.DAILY LAW RECORD, i868(?)-i87i(?): R. R. Stevens was publisher.MARKET REPORTER, 1868 to date (1869): A commercial paper.Howard, White, and Crowell were editors and publishers.CHICAGO MERCHANTS' AND MANUFACTURERS' RECORD, i868(?)-( ?)A commercial : paper, published by J. C. W. Bailey.IL MESSAGGIERE ITALIANO DELL' QUEST, November 21, 1868-( ?) Published by the Italo-American Printing Company : ;Paolo Cella, secretary.AMUSICAL INDEPENDENT, 1868 to date (1873): A monthly devotedto musical interests. W. S. B. Mathews was editor and Lyonand Healy were publishers in 1869 and 1871. Robert Goldbeckwas editor and publisher in 1873.NARODNI NOVESTG, 1868 to date (1870): A Bohemian weekly publication.Joseph Sladek was editor in 1870; T. B. Belohradskywas publisher.NEWS PROM THE SPIRIT W T ORLD, i868(?) to date (1870): Mrs. A.Buffum edited this publication.NOVA DOBA, 1868 to date (1871): A weekly Bohemian publication.Joseph Pastor was editor and the Bohemian Printing and PublishingCompany were publishers in 1871.EH

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 93PHARMACIST, September, 1868-1885+: Quarterly for one year,then monthly. Published by the Chicago College of Pharmacy.E. H. Sargent was editor for the first year. Then its title waschanged by the addition of and Chemical Record (dropped in1874). The period of publication became monthly and Albert E.Ebert became co-editor with E. H. Sargent. Succeeding editorswere: N. Gray Bartlett, editor, Albert E. Ebert. associate editor,1870-1872; Albert E. Ebert, 1873-1875; J. J. Siddall, businesseditor, 1874; no editor named, but publication committee of E.H. Sargent, W. F. Blocki, and Albert E. Ebert, 1876; E. H.Sargent and M. W. Borland, 1877 ; same, plus F. M. Goodman,1878; H. D. Garrison, editor, 1879-1880; Robert H. Cowdreymanaging editor, 1881, editor 1882-1884. The title of Pharmacistand Chemist was assumed before i88o(?), and later "ajournal of pharmacy, chemistry, materia medica, toxicologyand allied sciences" also appeared on the volume title pages.Succeeded by Western Druggist in 1885.HPOSTAL RECORD, 1868 to date (1872): A monthly. David Greenwas publisher in 1871 Joseph N. Green in 1872.;PRESENT AGE, 1868 to date (1872): A weekly spiritualist paper. Itwas dated from New York and Chicago in 1872. Dorus M.Fox was editor and publisher, 1871-1872.CHICAGO RAILWAY REVIEW, June, 1868-1897+: Established as aweekly by Stanley G. Fowler and D. C. Brooks. Brooks becamesole owner after about one year, and in 1873 sold to WillardA. Smith, who was at that time publisher of the St. LouisRailway Register. That paper was subsequently incorporatedwith the Chicago Railway Review as Railway Review. Mr.Smith continued as sole owner and editor until 1883, when W. D.Crosman became associate editor. He was editor, 1885-1890;Willard A. Smith, editor, James Peabody, Waldo H. Marshall,associates, 1891 ; James Peabody and Clement F. Street,editors, 1892-1894. Names of editors not given thereafter,until 1902, when W. M. Camp was editor. He has continuedto occupy that position, and Willard A. Smith has remainedpresident and general manager to date. The Railway Review,Incorporated, is publisher. Title changed to Railway andEngineering Review, April 3, 1897. CHJUWREAL ESTATE AND BUILDING JOURNAL, 1868 to date: Issuedweekly and devoted to real estate and building. Charles A.Smith was editor and T. A. Hungerford and Company werepublishers in 1873-1874. S. A. Chappell was editor and T. A.Hungerford and Company were publishers in 1875. In 1876S. A. Chappell was editor, and S. A. Chappell and Company

94 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSwere publishers. S. A. Chappell was editor in 1877, and JohnC. Parry was publisher. B. E. Smyers was editor and publisherin 1907, Real Estate and Building Journal Company, 1908. HREPORTER, 1868 to date: Monthly. Established by Francis N.Nichols under the firm name of Nichols and Company. Mr.Nichols was editor and publisher until 1878, and was thereaftereditor until 1904. Nichols and Company have been publishersfrom 1872 to date. The Reporter was the pioneer and for manyyears the only trade magazine published in the interest of thegranite and marble monumental trade. It was first located ina small office at Clark and Kinzie streets, where it was burnedout in the fire of 1871 It later moved to the West Side, claiming.to have operated the firstpower press on the west side of Chicago.SOROSIS, 1868-18694- A : weekly, devoted to woman's rights. Mrs.M. L. Walker and Company were editors and publishers in 1869.This paper was absorbed by the Chicagoan, which continued asthe Universe, June, 1869.SUNDAY SCHOOL MESSENGER, January, 1868 to date: A weeklypaper edited and published by Rev. Andrew L. O'Neill, January.i868-August, 1901 Rev.; James J. Curran, September 1901-August, 1904; Rev. John J. Masterson, August, 1904 to date.SUNDAY SCHOOL SCHOLAR, 1868-1873+: A young people's educationalmonthly. Selim H. Peabody was editor; Adams, Black-The name becamemer, and Lyon were publishers.SCHOLAR, +1873-1876 Publication was continued until 1876 when,:upon the establishment of St. Nicholas in New York, the Scholarwas bought by the St. Nicholas Company. HWESTERN AGRICULTURIST AND LIVE STOCK JOURNAL, 1868 todate. (See Quincy.) HWESTERN BOOK SELLER, 1868 to date (1870): A monthly devoted tothe interests of booksellers and publishers. The Western NewsCompany were editors and publishers, 1868-1870. HWESTERN CATHOLIC, 1868 to date (1881) Issued :weekly and devotedto Catholic interests. David Barry and Company wereeditors and publishers in 1870. Dee and Company were editorsand publishers, 1871-1873. The name of William MackayLomasney also appears as editor in 1873. The Western CatholicPublishing and Printing Company were proprietors in 1874-1875. Cornelius J. Coffey and Company were publishers andproprietors, and J. R. Coffey was manager, 1876-1880. In 1872the paper was dated for Detroit and Chicago. It was Democraticin politics.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 95CHICAGO WESTERN HOME, 1868-1871+ Issued monthly a : ; magazineof the "family story" type. The editors and publisherswere: A. Parkhurst and Company, publishers, 1869; Stoddardand Parkhurst, 1870; Edward P. Fenn, editor, Western HomeCompany, publishers, 1871; Western Home Company, editorsand publishers, 1875. The Chicago Western Home was destroyedin the great fire, but was apparently revived in 1874 asWESTERN HOME, +1874-1875: Publication was continued to 1875.A. Chisholm was publisher in that year. No. i of vol. 2, July,1869, contains a contribution from Harriet Beecher Stowe, andannounces Mrs. Stowe and Robert Collyer as regular contributors.WESTERN POSTAL RECORD, 1868 to date (1881): A monthly devotedto postal interests. J. S. Elwell was editor, and the WesternRecord Printing Company were publishers, 1872-1874. P. C.Russell was editor and publisher, 1875-1881.CADVANCE GUARD, (?)-i869+: This weekly paper wasmentioned in the directory for 1869. It was absorbed by theChicagoan, which continued as the Universe, June, 1869.ADVOCATE or PEACE, to date The AmericanPeace Society,1869editors(1874): Monthly.and publishers. Dated at Bostonand Chicago.AGITATOR, i869(?)- (?): Mentioned in the directory of 1869 asa woman's periodical.ART JOURNAL AND AGITATOR, 1869-1 87o(?): Mentioned in thedirectory for 1869-1870. May have been the successor ofAgitator mentioned in the directory next preceding.BANNER, 1869 to date (1885): A weekly paper, published in 1885by Frank E. Stanley. Found in Rowell for 1884 with 1869given as date of establishment.HBAPTIST QUARTERLY, i869(?) to date (1870): PublishedAmerican Baptist Publishing Society.by theBRIGHT SIDE, 1869-1872+: John B. Alden was editor; Aldenand True, publishers. In 1871it was published by the BrightSide Company in weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly editions.The following year, with a change of editor, the namewas changed toBRIGHT SIDE AND FAMILY CIRCLE, +1872 to date (1873): C. G. G.Paine was editor in 1872 and 1873. The Bright Side Companycontinued as publishers. Only a monthly edition is listed forthese years.BRITISH MAIL, i869(?)-- (?): Monthly. In the directory for1869.H

96 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBUREAU, 1869 to date (1872): A commercial monthly. A. Armstrongwas editor and publisher in 1870. In 1871 and 1872 Mr.Armstrong was business manager, C. W. Jenks was editor, andthe Bureau Publishing Company were publishers. HJWcollege monthly. EditedCOLLEGE TIMES, 1869 to date (1871): Aand published by the students of the University of Chicago.DAILY COMMERCIAL BULLETIN, 1869-1886+: A commercial dailypaper which, in 1881, was also listed as a weekly. J. W. Sickelswas editor, and B. D. M. Eaton was publisher, in 1870. The nextyear B. Frank Howard was editor; Howard, White, and Crowellwere publishers. James A. Doane was editor and publisher in1880. In 1886 the Daily Commercial Bulletin, published byHoward Bartels and Company, became the Daily Trade Bulletin.DRUGGISTS' PRICE CURRENT, 1869 to date (1872) A medical and:chemical monthly. H. D. Garrison, M.D., and A. F. Murraywere editors, and Barnet and Son publishers in 1871. The followingyear Dr. Garrison was editor; James and Barnet werepublishers.EVENING LAMP, 1869 to date (1905) Established by A. N. Kellogg.:It is a weekly sheet, devoted to literary miscellany and to advertising,printed from the best plate matter of the A. N. KelloggNewspaper Company. In 1870 and 1871 A. N. Kellogg waseditor and publisher. From 1873 to 1879 J. M. Edson was editor.With various editors A. N. Kellogg or the A. N. Kellogg Companyhas continued the publication.UEVERYBODY'S PAPER, 1869 to date (1879): A monthly evangelicalSunday-school paper. The Chicago Y. M. C. A. were editorsin 1873. and F. H. Revell was publisher. For the four yearsfollowing the Chicago Y. M. C. A. were publishers, and M. J.Chapman was business manager. In 1879 the Evangelical PublishingCompany were publishers and F. E. Post was manager.The paper was listed as semi-monthly in that year.FORTSCHRITTS FREUND, i869( ?) ( ?) : In the directory for 1869.HOMEOPATH JOURNAL, i869(?) (?): Listed in Rowell for 1869,with no report.INDEPENDENT, 1869 to date (1870) John E. Tansey was :manager;the Independent Company were publishers in 1870.IRISH SENTINEL, i869(?): James C. Flynn and Company wereeditors and publishers.LADIES' OWN MAGAZINE, 1869 to date (1874): A monthly, devotedto women's interests. Mrs. M. Cora Bland was editor and publisherin 1873. In 1874 Mrs. Bland was editor; M. C. Blandand Company were publishers.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 97A monthly publication, "devotedexclusively to the landed interests of the country." It was aweekly in 1875 but became a monthly again in 1876 and continuedso. J. M. Wing and Company were publishers throughoutits existence. HCLAND OWNER, 1869 to date (1880) :LATERNE, i86Q(?) (?):A German paper, listed in Rowell for1869. Von Hollen was editor and publisher.LAW MANUAL, i869(?)-- (?): Listed in Rowell for 1869, withno report.LEGAL NEWS, October 3, 1869 to date: A weekly paper devoted tolegal interests. Myra Bradwell was the founder and was editorat the beginning, and for twenty-five years. She was succeededby J. B. Bradwell in 1894, and the Chicago Legal News Companypublishers. For several years J. B. Bradwell andB. B. Helmer were editors. Since the death of J. B. BradwellB. Bradwell Helmer has been the editor.in November, 1907,The Chicago Legal News Company are still publishers.HCSUNLITE BOAT, 1869 to date (1871): Edited and published in 1871 byE. C. Eggleston and John W. Dean.LITTLE FOLKS, 1869-1877: This was advertised as a monthly of"illustrated juvenile literature," and was one of several thatsprang up in imitation of the Little Corporal. The Adams,Blackmer, and Lyon Publishing Company were publishers.LUTHERISCHE KiRCHENFREUND, 1869 to date (1881): A GermanLutheran publication. It changed from a semi-monthly to amonthly between 1879 and 1881. Rev. J. D. Severinghaus waseditor and publisher in 1876. In 1877 and 1880 Rev. J. D.Severinghaus was editor; Severinghaus and Company werepublishers.MACEDONIAN AND RECORD, i869(?) to date (1871): A monthly,published by the American Baptist Missionary Union and HomeMission Society.MATRIMONIAL BAZAR, 1869 to date (1876):Monthly. B. H. Burtinand Company were editors and publishers, 1875-1876.MATRIMONIAL NEWS AND SPECIAL ADVERTISER, i869(?)to date(1879) This paper : is listed in the directory for 1873 as MatrimonialNews, a bi-weekly publication, with the MatrimonialNews Company as editors and publishers. It is mentioned in1877 as "the only paper of its kind in America." It was amonthly advertising sheet in 1879. C. G. Horton was theneditor and C. G. Horton and Company were publishers. DMEDICAL TIMES, January, 1869 to date (1907): "A monthly journaldevoted to the interests of eclectic medicine and surgery."

98 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSThe editors and publishers are as follows: John Forman, M.D.,and R. A. Gunn, M.D., editors, and John Gunn, publisher, 1870;R. A. Gunn, M.D., and John E. Hurlbut, M.D., editors and,publishers, 1871; H. D. Garrison, M.D., editor and publisher,1872; Anson L. Clark, M.D., and H. D. Garrison, M.D.,editors, and H. D. Garrison, M.D., publisher, 1874-1875 ;Anson L. Clark and H. D. Garrison, editors and publishers, 1875-1877; W. H. Davis, M.D., editor and publisher, 1879; W. H.Davis and Anson L. Clark, editors, and W. H. Davis, publisher,1880; Wilson H. Davis, editor and publisher, 1881-1884; AnsonL. Clark and Henry S. Tucker, editors, Henry S. Tuckerpublisher, 1885; Finley Ellingwood, M.D., was editor andpublisher in 1907.JMISSIONARY ADVOCATE, i869(?) to date (1870): Semi-monthly in1870.MONITOR, 1869 to date (1870) : Monthly. Louis, Lloyd, and Companywere editors and publishers in 1870. Not the paper nowissued weekly under the same name.NATIONAL BAPTIST, i869(?) to date (1871): The American BaptistPublishing Society were publishers, 1869-1871.POKROK, i869(?)-- (?): A Bohemian monthly paper.RAILROAD AND MERCHANTS'-JOURNAL, (?) to date (1869):Monthly. Listed in 1869, with no report.SPECTATOR, i869(?) to date (1880): "An American review of insurance,"owned and published by J. H. and C. M. Goodrell,Charles N.1870-1873. Samuel Elliott was manager in 1874;Bishop, 1878-1879; and William F. Fox, 1880.SPIRITUAL ROSTRUM, (?) to date (1869) Listed with no : report.SUN, 1869 to date: Under this general name H. L. Goodall, andlater the Drovers' Journal Publishing Company issued agroup and a series of daily papers for the South Side and theStock Yards. The same paper, or contemporaneous issues, wasvariously uttered as: Hyde Park Daily Sun, Lake Sun, LakeDaily Sun, Lake View Sun, Union Stock Yards Daily Sun, DollarWeekly Sun, 1875, Dollar Sun, 1876-1877, Cicero Sun, 1876-1877, Maine Sun, 1877, Thornton Sun, 1877, Calumet Sun, 1876-1877, Cook County Sun, 1869-1877, Jefferson Sun, 1876-1877,and finally South Side Daily Sun. H. L. Goodall was editorand publisher until 1872, when H. P. Goodall became associatedwith H. L. Goodall in the editorial work. In 1874 J. Mahoneywas named as publisher. In 1878 H. L. Goodall and Companywere publishing Drovers' Journal, Lake Daily Sun, and HydePark Daily Sun. The present successor to them all, except

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 99Drovers' Journal, is South Side Daily Sun, which was edited byH. L. Goodall until his death in March, 1900, after which timeit was edited by E. F. Goodall, and published by Drovers'Journal Publishing Company until about May, 1909, when theSun was sold to F. D. Hanna. Republican. HTEACHERS' GOLDEN HOUR, 1869 to date (1871): Issued monthly.Tomlinson Brothers were editors and publishers, 1870-1871.TEMPERANCE STANDARD, (?) to date (1869): Listed in 1869,with no report.WEST CHICAGO BAN.NER, 1869 to date (1881): A paper devoted tolocal interests. Probably the same paper as Banner, listed above.WESTERN :MONTHLY, January, i869-December, 1870+ Establishedby H. V. Reed. It was "intended to be purely an institutionof the West ..." and was expected to "explore thefields of literature and gather the ripe fruits of ... pioneertalent." After a few months Francis Fisher Browne purchasedan interest and joined Mr. Reed in conducting the magazine.Upon Mr. Reed's withdrawal after a time, Mr. Browne becamesole director. Under his direction the tone of the magazine becamemore purely literary than it had been, and the narrow,provincial title, "Western Monthly," was exchanged for onewhich, without losing the flavor of locality, would "connote awide interest in the esthetic," the Lakeside Monthly. HSLAKESIDE MONTHLY, + January, i87i-February, 1874: With increasedinfluence and reputation under its new name, whichreplaced that of Western Monthly, and under the skilful editorialdirection of Francis Fisher Browne, the magazine became thenucleus of a large printing and publishing house. This wasthe Lakeside Publishing and Printing Company, successor tothe magazine company that had issued the Western Monthly,and of the printing firm of Church, Goodman, and Donnelley.The success of the Lakeside, which retained a decidedly westerncharacter, did much to destroy the indifference that eastern publishershad shown toward western subjects and western literaryactivity, an indifference that nettled Illinois and western literary"editors from James Hall down. With the advent of the Lakeside,"says Mr. Fleming, "Scribner's Monthly, the forerunnerof the present Century, began to give attention to western subjects,and to seek the work of western writers. During the years ofthe Lakeside's growth other eastern publishers began to gleanin Mid-West fields, and the competition among them for thevirile western productions, which has since become so keen, wasfairly on by the time the magazine had reached the zenith of its

iooILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONScareer."Mr. Browne, sole proprietor and editor, broke downin the spring of 1874, and the magazine suspended publicationwith the February number. SCHWESTERN SUNDAY REVIEW, 1869 to date (1870): A literary paper.George R. Norton was editor and publisher in 1870.YOUNG REAPER, i86q(?) to date (1870): Published semi-monthlyby the American Baptist Publishing Society.ZEICHEN DER ZEIT, 1869 (?).CAGERDYRKNING AND OECONOMIE, i87o(?) to date (1871): Scandinavian.Barthene and Rene are given as publishers in theChicago city directories for 1870 and 1871.AMERICAN CABINET MAKER, UPHOLSTERER AND CARPET REPORTER,1870 to date (1881) A trade : paper, published in Boston, withbranch offices in Chicago, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, and NewYork. J. Henry Symonds was editor and publisher in 1876,and in 1880.L'AMRIQUE, i87o(?)- - (?) A French : semi-weekly publication.In 1870, Gueroult and Pinta were publishers.ART. REVIEW, April, 1870 to date (1872): Monthly. Devoted toart, music, and literature. E. H. Trafton was editor and publisheruntil May, 1871, when J. J. Ormand bought the publicationand became publisher. Trafton continued as editor.ARTS, 1870 to date (1874): Monthly. Published and edited byJoseph M. Hirsh and Company.BENCH AND BAR, i87o-i874(?): A monthly legal publication,edited by James A. L. Whittier; published by Callaghan andCompany. File in library of Chicago Law Institute.BOARD OF TRADE REPORT, i87o(?) (?): Published by JoelHenry Wells.CHRISTIAN FREEMAN, 1867 to date (1871): A Free-will Baptistpaper. F. W. Dunn was editor and A. H. Chase publisher in1869. The Christian Freeman Association were editors andpublishers in 1871.COLLECTOR, 1870(7) (?): Morse, Hanna, and Company wereThe editors and publishers in 1871publishers in 1870.COMMERCIAL REPORTER, 1870 to date (1871) A commercial :weekly.were T. G. Wilcox and Company.DAGSLYSET, 1870(7) to date (1874): Organ of the ScandinavianFreethinkers' Society. Marc Thrane was editor and proprietor.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 101SUNDAY DEMOCRAT, June 5-July 3, 1870: A short-lived publicationedited and published by George W. Rust. It was establishedwith the idea of beginning a daily as soon as its peculiar ideashad made a place for themselves. The paper was a reactionaryagainst all of the ideals and results for which the North fought,and which itaccomplished in the Civil War.HDETECTOR, i87o(?) to date (1871): Burrows and Lunt were proprietorsin 1870 ; Lunt, Tisher, and Company, publishers in 1871.DEUTSCHE ARBEITER, 1870: A short-lived German Union paperpublished by the German Central Union of the Workingmen.DISPATCH, i87o( Mentioned ?) only in the directory for 1870-1871.:Culver, Harris, and Wilson were publishers.DRY GOODS PRICE LIST, i87o-i88o(?): A commercial paper establishedby August C. Schooley and edited and published by himuntil 1879, after which date he was succeeded by J. C. W.Bailey.EXAMINER, 1870 to date (1871): An evangelical monthly. It wasedited in 1871 by Rev. Edward C. Towne; published by theWestern News Company.FAMILY CIRCLE, 1870-1871+: A semi-monthly magazine of familylife. C. H. Gushing was editor and publisher in 1870. In 1871C. G. G. Paine, A.M., was editor, C. H. Gushing, publisher.The paper was merged, 1871, with Bright Side.GOLDEN HOURS. i87o(?) to date (1873): Monthly. J. W. Wileywas editor in 1870. Hitchcock and Walden were publishers,1872-1873.HERALD, i87o-May i, 1877+: An insurance monthly. Powelland Steele were editors and publishers in 1871 ; GeorgeI. Yeager,1872-1873; Yeager and S. H. Davis, 1874; George I.Yeager, 1875; Yeager and Ormsbee, 1876; Charles E. Rollins,1877. In 1872 the HeraW was both weekly and monthly. Namewas changed toARGUS, + May i, 1877 to date: An insurance monthly, formerly theHerald. Charles E. Rollins was editor and publisher untilDecember, 1877, then editor and manager to 1886, and managerto October, 1908. Since December, 1877, the Rollins PublishingCompany have been publishers.have been: J. H. Kellogg, 1887 ;Charles A. Hewitt, 1888-1891 ;F. C. Oviatt, 1892-1895 ;A. H. Hiding, 1896-1899; C. F. How-WSince 1886 the editorsell, 1900; P. J. V. McKian, 1901-1904; T. W. Dealy, 1905-1908; P. J. V. McKian, the present editor, 1909. HCHOME JOURNAL, 1870 to date (1871): A monthly, devoted to literature.J. H. Bascom was editor and publisher.

2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSILLINOIS VOLKS-ZEITUNG, i87o(?) to date (1872): A Germanpaper, published daily and weekly by the German PrintingCompany. This company were editors and publishers, 1870-1872.INTERIOR, 1870 to date: A Presbyterian weekly. Established byHon. R. B. Mason, with Rev. Arthur Swazey, D.D., andRev. C. Van Stantvoord, D.D., as editors. W. S. Mills waspublisher. In 1871 William C. Gray became publisher, withouta change of editors, and the paper was published for one yearat Cincinnati. In 1872 Rev. Arthur Swazey and W. C. Graywere editors and publishers. The next year, Dwight and Trowlingwere editors and publishers. They sold to Cyrus H. Mc-Cormick, who began publishing the paper in 1873, and continuedit until 1883, when he sold a half interest to Mr. Gray.The editors were: W. C. Gray and Francis L. Patton, 1874;Francis L. Patton and Charles L. Thompson, 1875 W. C.; Grayand Charles L. Thompson, 1876; W. C. Gray, i877-i886(?).In 1907 McCormick and Company were publishers. HAELANDWIRTH UND HAUSFREUND, 1870 to date (1871): A Germanpaper, devoted to agriculture. Carl Kron was editor; J. A.Jensch, publisher.LEEDLE VANDERER, 1870 to date (1876?): A comic monthly, editedand published by C. F. Harris, "Carl Pretzel." "No. i Book"for the year i876(?) is in the library of the Chicago HistoricalSociety .LITTLE CORPORAL'S SCHOOL FESTIVAL, January, 1870 to date(1873): A quarterly magazine devoted to furnishing materialfor school festivals, entertainments, dialogues, recitations, etc.Listed also as School Festival. Edited and published by AlfredL. Sewell in 1870; Sewell and Miller, 1871; Alfred L. Sewelland Company, 1872-1873.HLITTLE WATCHMAN, 1870 to date (1872) L. H. Bowling was :editor;W. W. Bowling, publisher, 1871-1872. The paper was semimonthlyin ^871, weekly and monthly in 1872.CHICAGO MAGAZINE OF FASHION, Music, AND HOME READING,1870 to date (1876) Monthly. It was the first of several Chicago:periodicals designed to couple an interest in esthetic writing withthe esthetic interest in dress. The magazine was created bya group of fashionable women. Mrs. M. L. Rayne was editorand proprietor for the first four years. After that the editors,publishers and proprietors to 1876 are given as Mrs. M. L. Rayneand Company. The name of Mrs. C. H. Church appears as aneditor in 1875.HH

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 103EVENING MAIL, August 18, 1870-1873+: Daily except Sundays.The Chicago Evening Mail Company were editors and publishers.Late in 1873 the Mail was united with the Evening Postto form the Post and Mail. The firstappearance of the paperunder the new name was in January, 1874. (See Post.)METHODIST QUARTERLY REVIEW, i87o(?)-- (?): Edited byD. D. Whedon.MISSIONAREN, 1870 to date (1873): A Swedish monthly, edited byE. Norelius in 1871. Rev. J. P. Nyquist was editor, and theSwedish Lutheran Publishing Society were publishers in 1872.In 1873, Rev. J. P. Nyquist was editor and publisher.MISSIONAREN, 1870-1877+: Published by the Norwegian andDanish Methodists. The editors were: Rev. A. Haagensen,Rev. J. H. Johnson, and Rev. K. Schon. In 1877 the name ofthe paper becameKRISTELIGE TALSMAND, +1877 to date: A successor to the Missionaren,published by the Norwegian and Danish Methodists.Under the new name the editors have been: Rev. ChristianTreider, 1876-1880; Rev. A. Haagensen, 1880-1884; ChristianTreider, 1884-1891 A. ; Haagensen, 1891-1897 C. F.; Eltzholtz,1897-1905; H. P. Bergh, 1905 to date. Kristelige Talsmandand Hyrdestemmen are the official organs of the Norwegian-Danish Methodist Episcopal Church. Files are available at272 Grand avenue, Chicago.NATIONAL LIVE STOCK JOURNAL, September 18, 1870 to date(1888?): A monthly devoted to live stock interests. John P.Reynolds was editor and George W. Rust and Company werepublishers, 1871-1872. George W. Rust and Company wereeditors and publishers, 1873-1875. J.H. Sanders was editortill 1882, and the Stock Journal Company were publishers, 1876-. A weekly edition in addition to the monthly was begunJanuary, 1 885.WJUHOBSERVER, i87o(?)-- (?): A monthly, devoted to banking, insurance,and railway interests. J. Clement was publisher andproprietor in 1870.OUR FOLKS AT HOME, 1870 (?): A monthly literary paper.Fred D. Carson was editor and publisher.PRESS, October, i87o-October 1871+: Quarterly. Horton andLeonard were editors and publishers until the fire of October,1871. The Press was then suspended. It was succeeded in1872 by Illustrated Journal (q.v.) and that paper, then a monthly,apparently was in 1874 renamed Illustrated Press. It was thenpublished by Horton and Landon.H

104 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSILLUSTRATED JOURNAL, + November, 1872-1874+:Bi-monthly.Knight and Leonard were editors and publishers in 1872; Hortonand Leonard in 1873. The following year the AmericanPublishing Company were publishers, and Thomas G. Newmanwas business manager. The Illustrated Journal was arevival of the Press, burned out in the fire of October, 1871, andwas sent to fill out terms of such subscribers to the Press as gavetheir names and the unexpired subscription terms. It wasapparently succeeded by Illustrated Press (redivivus), at sometime after 1874. Not mentioned after 1876. HPUBLISHERS' AUXILIARY, 1870(7) to date (1873):A. N. Kellogg was publisher, 1870-1873.Issued weekly.THE RAY, October, i87o-(after 1872): Monthly. Published inthe interest of the Union Park Baptist Church, and distributedgratuitously.SCHOOLMASTER, -fjuly, 1870-} une, 1871+: Monthly. Establishedat Bloomington by John Hull in 1868. Removed to Chicagowith the number for July, 1870. John Hull was publisher,Hull and Albert Stetson of Illinois Normal University wereeditors. When the place of publication was changed AlbertStetson and I. S. Baker became editors. Chicago influence seemsto have grown, and at the beginning of 187 1 the name was changedto Chicago Schoolmaster, with I. S. Baker as editor, and theSchoolmaster Company publishers, Chicago and Normal. JohnHull and Company were still publishers, however. Aaron Govesucceeded Baker as editor with the number for June, 1871, theSchoolmaster Company (Aaron Gove and E. C. Hewitt) becameHpublishers, and Chicago and Normal appeared on the cover,though Normal was the place of publication. February, 1873,Chicago Schoolmaster and Illinois Teacher were merged asIllinois Schoolmaster, and continued by Gove and Hewett atNormal.HSMAX MONEY MAKER'S JOURNAL, 1870: An advertising sheet. R.W. Chappcll was editor and publisher.SUNDAY SCHOOL HELPER, 1870 to date (1872) A Universalist :paper,published monthly. S. A. Briggs was editor, and the NorthwesternUniversalist Publishing House were publishers, 1870-1872.SUNDAY SCHOOL WORLD, 1870(7)- (?):A monthly, publishedby the American Sunday School Union.UNION PARK ADVOCATE, 1870 to date (1877): A weekly local advertisingsheet. C. E. Crandall was editor and publisher, 1875-1877.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 105UNION PARK BANNER, 1870 to date (1880): An advertising sheetpublished at West Chicago by E. M. Turner and Company. D.S. Crandall was proprietor in 1876, and Turner and Lloyd ownedthe paper in 1880.HWEST CHICAGO, 1870 to date (1875):Weekly. The West ChicagoCompany were editors and publishers in 1875.WEST END ADVOCATE, 1870 to date (1881):A weekly, devoted tolocal interests, especially to the business of West Division.Charles E. Crandall was editor and publisher, 1878-1880. Itwas dated for West Chicago in 1878.HWESTLICHE ODD FELLOW, 1870, to date (1871): A Germanmonthly devoted to I. O. O. F. J. B. Wing and Company wereeditors and publishers, 1870-1871.WORLD MAGAZINE, 1870-1893: An illustrated magazine devotedto society and drama, containing stories, sketches, poems, andhumorous articles. The Chicago World Publishing Company,or World Society, were publishers in 1883-1884.listed in Rowell, 1884-1885.This paperisAn illustrated juve-YOUNG FOLKS.' MONTHLY, 1870 to date (1883) :nile literary paper containing matter "best calculated to amuseand instruct the young." H. N. F. Lewis was editor and publisherin 1875-1876. In 1876 Gerrit L. Hoodless was proprietor.HMrs. Annie R. White was editor, and Milton George, publisher,1878-1880. CYOUNG FOLKS' RURAL, 1870 to date (1881): A juvenile literarypaper, issued monthly. H. N. F. Lewis was editor and publisher,1871-1878. J. D. Tallmadge was editor and publisher,1879-1880. HCYOUNG PILOT, 1870 to date (1871): Monthly. The Young PilotPublishing Company were editors and publishers in 1871.Franklin H. Tinker was associated with the paper at this time.ADVERTISER'S ASSISTANT, 1871 to date (1872): Monthly. Cook,Coburn, and Company, editors and publishers.AMATEUR MONTHLY, July, i87i-February, 1872+: An amateurpaper, established by Charles C. Hoyt and Will E. Gard. Thename was changed February, 1872, toOUR YOUTH, + February, 1872 ( ?) An amateur : paper, a continuationof Amateur Monthly, issued by Charles C. Hoyt andWill E. Gard.AMERICANISCHER FARMER, 1871 to date (1874) A German :weekly.Julius Silversmith was editor; the Cosmopolitan PublishingCompany were publishers. Listed in 1874 as Amerik Farmer.

io6ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBAPTIST UNION, 1871 to date (1875): A Baptist paper. In 1871,Rev. G. H. Ball, D.D., and Rev. J. B. Drew, D.D., were editors;the Baptist Printing Union, publishers. In 1872, Rev. Dr. Drewwas succeeded by Rev. S. W. Whitney. The same editors andpublishers continued until 1874, when E. W. Page became publisher.In 1875 Dr. Ball alone was editor; Mr. Page was stillpublisher. The paper was dated at New York and Chicago.CHILD'S PAPER, 1871: Burned out in the Chicago fire and notrevived.CHILD'S WORLD, 1871: A juvenile publication which soon disappeared.COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE, 1871 to date (1875): A commercialweekly. It was published in 1875 by the Commercial EnterprisePublishing Company.COSMOPOLITE, i87i(?) to date (1873): Mentioned only in thedirectory for 1873. J. Silversmith was editor and manager.The paper was burned out in the great fire, but later revived.DAHEIM, 1871 (1870?) to date: German. The Sunday editionof the Freie Presse In (q.v.). 1876 R. Michaelis was editor;the German American Publishing Company were publishers.Daheim was stillpublished as the Sunday edition of the FreiePresse in 1899. By 1907, however, it was published with theWesten as the Sunday edition of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung,under the title of Westen und Daheim. Both the Daheim andthe Westen und Daheim have been Republican in politics.UDEMOCRAT, 1871 to date (1881): In 1871 H. S.Knapp was editor;in 1872 J. A. Daniels was editor, the Democrat Company werepublishers; in 1876, Mr. Daniels was editor, and Daniels andCompany were publishers; in 1880, Mr. Daniels was both editorand publisher.HUDRY GOODS REPORTER, 1871 to date: A commercial paperdevoted to dry goods and allied lines. C. W. Spofford waseditor in 1907 and is now editor-in-chief, and president and treasurerof the corporation. Frank McElwain ismanaging editor.The Dry Goods Reporter Company were given as publishersin1907.FINANCIER, 1871 to date (1874): A weekly, devoted to finance.Published in New York in 1873, by the Financier Company, anddated for New York and Chicago. Published in 1874 by W. H.Boardman.FOUNDLINGS' RECORD, 1871-1876+ A :monthly, published in theinterests of the Chicago Foundlings' Home. Edited by GeorgeE. Shipman. It was changed to C

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 107FAITH'S RECORD, +i 876-1 884(?): and continued publication asbefore.FREIE PRESSE, July, 1871-1874+: Established as a political weeklyby Richard Michaelis. In 1872 a daily edition was begun,"Liberal Republican" in politics, which supported Greeley.After Greeley's defeat it became straight Republican and has soremained. For a time in 1873 H. Bender was associated aseditor, but otherwise Michaelis was editor alone from its beginning.It was published by the Freie Presse Printing Company.The paper has had several minor changes of name. In 1874itwas changed toNCHICAGOER FREIE PRESSE, +1874+: and in December of thesame year toCHICAGOER NEUE FREIE PRESSE, +December, 1874-1883+: R.Michaelis continued as editor. The German American PublishingCompany were publishers in 1876, and until April, 1901, whenFreie Presse was sold to the Illinois Publishing Company.Richard Michaelis became half owner and general manager.In August, 1905, he sold his holding to his son, Walter R.Michaelis, who was elected general manager, and Horace L.Brand, who was made secretary and treasurer. W. R. Michaelisand H. R. Brand are present sole owners of the paper. TheFreie Presse started as a daily, with a Sunday edition, Daheim(which see). After 1871 the paper was published daily, weekly,and Sundays. The weekly Freie Presse in 1907 issued anedition for country circulation called Sonntagsbote. At sometime between 1899 and 1907 Daheim ceased to be the Sundayedition of the Freie Presse, and with Westen, became that ofthe Illinois Staats-Zeitung.NUCHAPPY HOURS, 1871 (?):A literary paper; M. A. Fuller waseditorand publisher.HEAVENLY TIDINGS, i87i(?)-i872(?): An organ of the Y. M. C.A., which was its publishers.INDEPENDENT TRADE REGISTER, i87i(?): Lunt, Tisher, and Companywere publishers.JUSTITIA, March-October, 1871: Swedish. Isidor Kjellberg waseditor and publisher.LEDGER, i87i(?):LITTLE MEN, i87i(?)-i872+ An :with Our Boys about 1872.HCBasset Brothers were publishers.amateur paper, consolidatedLORGNETTE, 1871 (?): "The official amusement organ ofCrosby Opera House, Aiken's Museum, Globe Theatre andFarwell Hall."H

togILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMERCANTILE JOURNAL AND WEEKLY PRICE CURRENT, April 13,1871 (?): A paper owned and published by Jefferson andWroe in 1871.MOTHER'S JOURNAL, (?) to date (1871): A monthly "devotedto the advancement of science, literature, morality andreligion." Mrs. Mary G. Clarke was editor; J. N. Clarke,publisher.CHICAGO NATIONAL, 1871 to date (1874): A monthly devotedary magazine. Life Company werethe original editors and publishers. In 1873 John H. Holmesprimarily to insuranceTheinterests.National In 1874it was listed as a liter-Insurancewas editor. W. C. Cockson was editor in 1874, and H. G.Teed was business manager. It appears to have been weeklyfor a time in 1874.NATIONAL CAR BUILDER, 1870-1881+: A monthly devoted tomechanics. It was dated from New York and Chicago. In1876 James Gillett was editor and Vose Dinsmore and Companywere publishers. James Gillett was editor also in 1879,but the publishing firm was Gillett and Dinsmore. After 1881,the paper was dated from New York only. Later becameNational Car and Locomotive Builder, and in 1896 was mergedin the American Engineer and Railroad Journal.NEWSPAPER UNION, 1871 to date (1878): A sheet published byThe Chicago Newspaper Union, 1871-1875. It was listed asa co-operative advertising sheet. C. E. Strong was manager in1873. In 1876 Andrew J. Aiken was president and C. E. Strongmanager. S. H. Williams wa,- editor in 1877.NYA VERLDEN, + January, 1871-1876+:HMoved to Chicago fromGalva, where it had been established injanuary, 1869, as IllinoisSwede by Eric Johnson, son of the founder of Bishop Hill colony.It was printed in Swedish and English. Andrew Chaiser and C.F. Peterson became partners, and the name was changed to NyaVerlden, published only in Swedish. In Chicago P. A. Sundeliusbecame co-editor with Peterson ; Johnson soon sold his interestto Chaiser. After the fire the paper was published inGalesburg until March, 1872. Herman Roos became associateeditor with Peterson in 1873. In 1876 the paper was turnedover to the Swedish Publishing Company, which combinedSvenska Americanaren with Nya Verlden and began SvenskaTribunen.UOUR BOYS, i87i(?) to date (1873): An amateur paper establishedby Charles S. Diehl and Fred K. Morrill. This paper was

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 109burned out in the fire, but was revived. It absorbed Little Menabout 1872. In that year C. C. Hoyt was editor; Diehl andFowler were publishers in 1873.PEOPLE'S WEEKLY, 1871-1883: An illustrated paper published byRand, McNally, and Company.PHENIX, 1871 to date: A weekly newspaper devoted to local interests.M. A. Fuller was editor and publisher in. 1872. In1907 Frank E. Stanley was editor and publisher. He died inOctober, 1908, and publication was suspended until March,1909, when the paper was bought by the Phenix PublishingCompany, E. J. Harvey, president. In Ayer for 1908 the dateof founding had receded to 1869. Republican.RESTITUTION, +1871 to date (1874): Thomas Wilson was editorand publisher in 1871. In 1873-1874 Thomas Wilson waseditor, and Wilson, Pierce, and Company were publishers. Itwas known as the organ of Servants of Jesus Christ in 1872,and as the organ of Marturions in 1873. This was evidentlya continuation or a successor of Herald of the Coming Kingdomand Christian Instructor.SUNDAY SCHOOL MIRROR, 1871-1904: Edited and published byRev. Andrew L. O'Neill from 1872 to 1901, on the second andfourth Sundays of each month on the alternate it; Sundays wascalled Sunday School Companion.TAILOR'S INTELLIGENCER, 1871 to date (1874) Issued monthly.:Salisbury Brothers and Company were editors and publishersin 1873. Wilber S. Salisbury was proprietor in 1874.UNGDOMS VANNEN, i87i(?) to date (1881): Given in 1881 asa Scandinavian literary paper, published semi-monthly. Amonthly of this name was published by the Hemlandet peoplefrom 1871 to 1881. It was devoted to the interests of youngpeople.YOUNG HERO, i87i(?)-i872+: An amateur paper, consolidatedwith Our Youth about 1872. It had been burned out in thegreat fire, but apparently revived.YOUNG MESSENGER, January, i87i-i872(?) + Issued :monthly.Walter T. D wight was editor and publisher in 1871. It wasconsolidated with the Wolverine Messenger of Detroit, Michigan,about 1872.YOUTH'S CABINET, i87i(?) to date (1872): An amateur monthly"devoted entirely to the interests of the American boy and girl."It was being edited in 1872 by John L. Whelan, and publishedby Whelan Brothers. In had been burned out in 1871, but wasapparently revived.

noILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBALANCE, 1872 to date (1877): A monthly, devoted to woman sufrage.Maria Hawley and Mary Tomlin were editors and publishers,1872-1875. In 1876 the editors and publishers wereMaria Hawley, Odelia Blinn, and Laura M. Hubbard.BELL, 1872 to date (1875) A : Baptist monthly. In 1875ft wasedited by the Young People's Association of the Western AvenueBaptist Church; published by Guilbert and Clissold, then byH. R. Clissold.BRIDAL BELLS, 1872 to date (1877): Semi-monthly. Edited andpublished in 1877 by Eugene T. Gilbert.CARL PRETZEL'S MAGAZINE POOK, 1872-1874: A comic weekly?written in German-English lingo, dealing with matters of localinterest. Mr. C. H. Harris, the editor and publisher, discontinuedit in 1874 to establish the more ambitious NationalWeekly.CHILD'S FRIEND, 1872 to date (1873) : Juvenile. Monthly in 1872'semi-monthly in 1873. Edited by C. G. G. Paine, publishedby the Bright Side Publishing Company.DIOCESE, March, 1872 to date (1874): A religious monthly. In1873 Rev. John Wilkinson was editor, and George H. Marslandwas publisher. Rev. J. F. Walker was editor in 1874; Bryantand Walker were publishers.GROCERY AND DRUG PRICE LIST, i872(?) to date (1879): A weeklycommercial paper. A. C. Schooley was proprietor, 1872-1879.HUMANE JOURNAL, May, 1872 to date: A monthly, devoted to"humane" propaganda. Albert W. Landon was editor andpublisher, 1872-1874. E. M. Fuller and Albert W. Landonwere publishers, 1875-1879. Upon the death of Mr. Landonin 1879, his widow, Martha J. Landon, became editor and publisher.In October, 1907, she sold the journal to Virginia M.Arford, who is now the editor, with Miss Vera K. Arford asassistant editor. The journal is printed by the Humane JournalPublishing Company of which F. Arford is the manager. HINTER OCEAN, March 25, 1872 to date:Established as a daily andweekly by J. Young Scammon as the successor of the Republican(established in 1865 and burned out in the fire of 1871). Theweekly edition was begun in 1884. E. W. Halford was its firsteditor and William Penn Nixon its first business manager. In1873 Frank W. Palmer, Congressman from Iowa, purchased aninterest and became editor. After the panic of 1875 the InterOcean Company was succeeded by the Inter Ocean PublishingCompany, with William Penn Nixon and Dr. O. W. Nixon as

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTYincontrolling stockholders, the former becoming editor and publisher.Managing editors of note in succession were GilbertA. Pierce, William E. Curtis, and W. H. Busbey. In iSgiH.H. Kohlsaat bought an interest and became publisher and businessmanager. In 1894 the Nixons repurchased Mr. Kohlsaat'sinterest. In 1897 Charles T. Yerkes purchased a controllinginterest and George Wheeler Hinman became editor, Mr. NixonIn 1907 Mr. Hinman bought the con-continuing as publisher.trolling interest in the Inter Ocean and became editor andpublisher. Republican "the only Republican newspaper inChicago."WDNAUCHEKNEIP ZANGE, 1872 to date (1873): A German paper of whichMiller and Wagner were editors and publishers in 1873.LADIES' FRIEND AND SHOPPING GUIDE, i872(?) to date (1875):Vol. i, no. i, of a new series is dated January i, 1872, and entitledDensmore's Lady's Friend. The title Ladies' Friend andShopping Guide apparently belonged to the old series. Thenewspaper directories for 1873-1875 give the paper as Lady'sFriend. It appears to have been weekly in 1872, monthly,1873-1875. In 1872 J. A. Densmore was editor, J. A. Densmoreand Company were publishers, and Laura M. Hubbard was"fashion editress". The paper contained a literary departmentespecially for ladies, essays on education, household management,art, music, etc. "It shall be our aim to influence for good thefair readers . . . and through them their husbands, fathers,sons and brothers." In 1873 and 1874 J. A. Densmore waseditor and publisher. The Lady's Friend Publishing Companywere editors and publishers in 1875.HDAILY LAW BULLETIN, June 4, i872-i9oo(?). HLEDGER, 1872 to date: A literary and family magazine, publishedweekly. Although the "Ledger Company" is the name givento the firm of editors and publishers, Samuel H. Williams wasW. Scott McComasreally the editor for almost twenty years.was associated with him in 1880. In 1891 W. D. Boyce acquiredthe Chicago Ledger, and the W. D. Boyce Company have beeneditors and publishers to date. Begun in connection with a newspaperplate supply business and in imitation of the New YorkLedger, in the first few years it made a feature of stories of a goodclass. Since the late seventies, however, it has deteriorated inliterary tone. The sensational, although not immoral, characterof the Ledger stories, and the use that the large mail-order houseshave made of its advertising columns, have given this paper anunusually long life and extensive circulation.

ii2ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLENS, 1872-1873: A quarterly journal of microscopy. Containsthe transactions of the State Microscopical Society of Illinois.Edited by S. A. Briggs. JCHUCHICAGO LIBRARIAN, November, i872-August, i873(?): Monthly,devoted to the library interests of the city. Especial attentionwas paid the public library then being reorganized and replenished;a monthly list of all new books received by the librarywas printed. In the first number was given a catalog of the"more prominent books" in the library of 1200 volumes at thattime received. Perry, Morris, and Sultzer published the firstnumber; J. W. Dean and Company the second; W. E. Dayand Company the others.CHLITERARY YOUTH, (?)-i872(?)+ An amateur : publicationcontinued asGOLDEN MOMENTS, +i872(?)-- (?): Monthly. An amateurpaper, edited by Edward Everett Woodbury.LOCOMOTIVE, i872(?) (?): An amateur monthly, edited andpublished by I. H. Preston in 1872.MEDICAL REGISTER, 1872 to date (1885).NATIONAL HOTEL REPORTER, 1872 to date: A commercial paperpublished daily except Sunday. Frank Glossop and Companywere editors and publishers in 1873; Frank Glossop was editorand publisher in 1874-1875. Scott and Rice were editors ancpublishers in 1876-80. F. W. Rice was editor and publisherir1907. It was listed as Daily Hotel Reporter, 1872-1873.DAILY NEWS, March 7, 1872 (?): A daily and weekly Democraticpaper, of which H. R. Whipple was business manager. Itwas apparently short lived, as no reference is made to it in thecity directory or the newspaper directories for the next year.was published by the Chicago News Printing CompanyOUR FIRESIDE FRIEND, January 27, 1872, to date (1875) A :weeklyliterary magazine of the "family story" type. Waters, Evert,and Company were editors and publishers, 1873-1875; A. P.Miller was publisher in 1875. AOUR FLAG, i872( ?) ( ?): An amateur monthly paper. publishe(by Elwell and Gowell.OUTLOOK, 1872 to date (1873): A monthly literary publication.Selden Gibert was publisher and proprietor in 1873.PICTORIAL ADVERTISER, i872(?) to date (1877): This paper wasowned by the Pictorial Advertiser Company, 1872-1873, andpublished by the Pictorial Printing Company in 1874. JohnMcGreer was editor in 1877.It

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 113CHICAGO PULPIT, i872-i873(?): A weekly publication of the ablestsermons by leading Chicago ministers. There were also includeddepartments of church news, book notes, and commentson church affairs. The tone was strictly undenominational anduncontroversial. Sermons of especial value, but of a denominationalor controvesial sort, were issued as extra numbers.Carpenter and Sheldon were publishers and proprietors.RAILROAD MONTHLY, 1872 to date (1873) Story and Camp were:editors and publishers in 1873.RECORD, 1872 to date (1879) Monthly. H. V. Reed and C. Gardnerwere publishers, 1872-1873. In 1879 J- M. J. Gillespie:was editor and proprietor.RELIGIO POLITICO PARTY, i872(?) to date (1873) Mrs. A. Buffum:was editor, 1872-1873.CHICAGO TEACHER, 1872 to date (1875) Issued monthly. Baker:and Mahony were editors and publishers in 1873; JeremiahMahony, 1874; John W. Brown, 1875. HVOLANTE, January i, 1872 to date (1881) A : monthly collegiatepublication. The students of the University of Chicago wereeditors and publishers.HWATCHMAKERS' MAGAZINE, November, 1872 to date (1873) :Monthly. Edited by E. R. P. Shurley and published by theHorological Association.HWHAT NEXT, 1872 to date (1874): A monthly. John B. Aldenwas editor and publisher, 1873-1874.YOUNG AMERICA, i872(?)-- (?): Amateur.YOUNG CHICAGO, i872(?)-- (?): An amateur monthly. It wasbeing published in 1872 by Dicker and McLachlan.YOUNG INDUSTRY, i872( ?) ( ?) An amateur : monthly. It wasbeing published in 1872 by H. E. Greenbaum.YOUTH'S REPORTER, i872(?)-- (?): An amateur monthly. Itwas being published in 1872 by E. E. Russell.ADVOCATE, 1873 to date (1877) : An insurance monthly. The ProtectionLife Insurance Company were publishers in 1874 and1875. In ^76 and 1877 Martin Ryan was editor and publisher.AGENTS' GUIDE, 1873 to date (1880) Monthly. James P. Scott was:editor and publisher, 1875-1880.CHICAGO ALLIANCE, December 13, i873~March, 1882+: A nonsectarianweekly founded by a group of clergymen includingProf. David Swing, Rev. Robert Collyer, Dr. Hiram A. Thomasand others. With a slightly religious trend in its material, itwas devoted in the main to literature, particularly that of theSH

ii4ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSessay form. In its beginning Rev. J. B. McClure was managingeditor; the other editorial work was shared by all. But one byone the editors withdrew, before long leaving Prof. Swing aseditor-in-chief and chief contributor. His weekly sermon-essaywas the leading literary feature throughout the existence of thepaper. In 1874 the Alliance Publishing Company was the nameby which the group of editors and publishers was designated. In1875 this company is named as publishers, while the list ofeditors given includes Prof. Swing, Rev. C. D. Helmer, H. W.Thomas, D.D., H. N. Powers, D.D., and Prof. William Mathews.H. L. Ensign was the business manager. Professor Swing'sname appears as that of editor again in 1876. In 1877 Mr. Mc-Clure disposed of his interest. In the same year Francis F.Browne became literary editor, and A. H. Hiding took charge ofthe political department. In 1878 Rev. Z. S. Holbrook purchasedan interest and assisted Professor Swing. Browne andHiding soon retired and. Mr. Holbrook sold to Henry L. Shepard,who in 1879 and 1880 was filling the position of editor. Dixon andShepard are named as publishers in 1879, and the Alliance Associationin 1881. The failure of the paper early in 1882 is said tohave been due to the unscrupulousness of the business manager.A consolidation with the Western Magazine was effected inMarch, and the new periodical appeared as the Weekly Magazine(see Western Magazine) The titleChicago Alliance was changed.to Alliance in third volume and in the next volume to Allianceand Radical Review.HCillustrated magazinementioned in the city directory for 1873. Charles H.AMERICAN HOME MAGAZINE, i873(?) ( ?): AnTaylor and Company were proprietors.AMERICAN WORKING PEOPLE, i873(?)--was editor in 1873.(?): R. C. MachesneyAUGUSTANA OCH MissiONAREN, 1873 to date: In 1876 this weeklywas divided into two fortnightlies, Augustana and Missiondren,but after a year the combined title was resumed. The namebecame Augustana in 1885. Dr. Hasselquist was the first editor;he was succeeded in 1858 by Eric Norelius, and he by ErlandCarlsson, who was editor until 1864; A. R. Cervin, 1864-1868;J. G. Princell, January-July, 1869; Hasselquist and other1869-1890; S. P. A. Lindahl, 1890-1908; Dr. L. G. Abraharson, 1908.BEE KEEPERS' MAGAZINE, i873(?) to date (1874): A monthljdevoted to bee keeping. H. A. King and Company were editorand publishers in 1873 and 1874. The paper was dated fromNew York and Chicago.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 115BETTER AGE, 1873 to date (1875):Semi-monthly. Edited and publishedin 1875 by John Russell and Charles P. Russell.BRIDAL VEIL, 1873 to date (1876): Edited and published in 1874 byH. M. Habel, as a semi-monthly. Bi-weekly in 1875, publishedby the Bridal Veil Company.ECATHOLIC VINDICATOR, 1873 to date (1877) Edited :by Dr. D. W.Nolan; published by the Catholic News Company. Datedfor Chicago and Milwaukee.CHRISTIAN UNION, i873(?) to date (1875) :J. B. Ford and Companywere publishers, 1873-1874. S. F. Junkin was manager, 1875.CHRISTIAN VOICE, i873(?) to date (1879):Fleming H. Reveil waspublisher in 1873. In 1877 W. W. Kelly and Company aregiven in the city directory as managers. W. S. Cossar was proprietorin 1879.ECHICAGO COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, July, 1873-1880: A commercialweekly paper. It was edited and published in 1874 byBurch and Ford: in 1875 by Robert B. Ford and company;in 1876 by the Metropolitan Printing Company; and in 1877and 1878 by Charles S. Burch, in 1878 by Commercial AdvertiserCompany, and in 1879 a gam by Burch. Beginning with no. i ofvol. 17, July 14, 1881, J. S. Salisbury was editor until July i,1886. F. W. Palmer then became editor and continued toMarch 25, 1897. From March, 1880, to September i, 1882, thepaper was called Industrial World and Commercial Advertiser.Its name then became Industrial World and Iron Worker. InMarch, 1898, it was merged with Iron Trade Review as IndustrialWorld and Iron Worker. The Commercial Advertiser Companywere publishers in 1880.HJDCOTTAGE MONTHLY, 1873-- (?): A periodical of the "familystory" type, devoted to "entertaining literature". Readle,Brewster, and Company were the publishers.DROVERS' JOURNAL, June, 1873, to date: Established by HarveyL. Goodall. It is devoted to agricultural and stock interests.It was published especially for the Union Stock Yards, 1875-1879. H. L. Goodall and Company were editors and publishersfrom the beginning until the death of Mr. Goodall, March,1900. Since then his widow, E. F. Goodall, has been presidentof the stock company which publishes the paper. The Drovers'Journal, begun as a weekly, started also the Chicago DailyDrovers' Journal in 1874. The weekly edition became Goodall'sFarmer and Weekly Drovers' Journal, October, 1900. In November,1905, the name of the daily was changed to ChicagoDaily Drovers'Journal and Farm News. From January to March,

n6ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS1906, Goodall's Farmer was owned by the American Breeder andFeeder. Since that time it has been published weekly under thistitleby the Drovers' Journal Publishing Company. Since June,1906, the daily has been the Chicago Daily Farmers' and Drovers'Journal.AEA quarterly, devotedto typography and advertising. A. Zeese and Company, editorsand publishers to date, 1881.A quarterly, devotedto typography and advertising. Schniedewend, Lee, and Companywere publishers in 1874. From that time up to 1881 thepublishing firm was called Schniedewend and Lee.JELECTROTYPE JOURNAL, 1873 to date (1881):ELECTROTYPER, January, 1873 to date (1881) :EULENSPIEGEL, 1873 to date (1881): A German comic weekly. Itwas published by Moritz Langeloth.UEXCELSIOR MAGAZINE, 1873 to date (1875) : A. literary monthly. In1875 M. Garland Walker was editor and publisher.EXPOSITION PICTORIAL ADVERTISER, Fall, 1873: An illustratedpaper "devoted to the humorous side of the Exposition." Distributedgratuitously. Published by the Pictorial Printing Companyin the Exposition building.EXPRESS, i873(?) to date (1880) A Greenback : paper of which O.J. Smith was editor and publisher.FACKLAN, (before 1873): A Swedish paper published for a shorttime by K. A. Ostergren.:FREEMAN, December, i873-December, 1874+ Edited by W. S.Burke; published by Street, White, and Bowen. It was devotedto literature and politics. At the end of one year the editorand publishers changed the name toNORTHWESTERN MAGAZINE, + December, 1874-- (?): Devotedto literature, science, art, politics, and religion. Edited by W. S.Burke; published by Street, White, and Bowen. The Northwesternwas to give less attention to politics and more toliterature.GAZETA POLSKA w CHICAGO, October, 1873 to date: Establishedand published weekly to date by Wladyslaw Dyniewicz, soleproprietor. It claims to be the oldest Polish paper in America.It isIndependent-Republican.GOLDBECK'S JOURNAL OF Music, 1873 to date (1876): A monthlypublication, devoted to music. It was edited and published in1874 and 1875 by Robert Goldbeck. It is listed in the directoryfor 1876 with no report.HH

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 117GROCER'S CRITERION, 1873 to date. A trade weekly,issued foradvertising purposes. R. J. Bennett was editor in 1877. ^n1878, and still in 1880, Thomas Althorp was publisher. In1886 D. O. Lantz and Company were publishers. Eugene J.Hall was publisher in 1890. The Grocer's Criterion Companyhave been publishers since 1904.DAILY HERALD, August i6-December 23, 1873: Established as aone-cent evening paper; later became two-cent. Independent.It was to have been succeeded by the Sunday Argus but no evidenceis found that the Argus was begun.HILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, i873(?)-i874(?):Perry P. Stone was manager.INDUSTRIAL AGE, i873-i878(?): A weekly industrial paper. Inits first year it absorbed the People's Paper (q. v.). J. A. Noonan,S. M. Smith, and Charles E. Barney were editors; the IndustrialAge Company, publishers, 1874-1875. In 1876 J. A. Noonan,S. M. Smith and "Professor" C. C. Buell were editors. J. A.Noonan and C. C. Buell were editors in 1877. It was listed inthe directory for 1879, with no report. The paper of the samename now published was begun in 1896. UWINVESTIGATOR, 1873-1908+ An insurance : paper, at first weekly,but monthly by 1880. J. S. Bloomington was editor and publisherin 1875, and was still so in 1880. William E. Beer waseditor, and Herbert W. Bloomington, publisher, in 1907. InJanuary, 1908, this paper was merged in Insurance Field.JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BUREAU OF MINES, 1873 to date (1875)A :monthly mining journal. W. C. McCarty was editor andmanager, 1874-1875.DAILY JUBILEE, June, 1873: A souvenir of Chicago's gala week,June 5-12, 1873. Lively. HLITERARY VARIETIES, March, 1873 (?): Monthly. EdwardN. Fuller was editor and publisher. Slight. HLITTLE BOUQUET, 1873 to date (1877) A :juvenile monthly, devotedto spiritualism. S. S. Jones was editor; the Religio-PhUosophicalPublishing Company were publishers, 1874-1877.MASONIC RECORD, i873(?) to date (1878): Carson and Barnardwere publishers in 1873 Carson and Lamberson in ; 1874; C. H.Carson and Company, 1875-1878.MASTER MECHANIC, 1873 to date (1874): A monthly, devoted tomechanics. Evans, Comstock, and Company were editors andpublishers in 1874.

n8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNORTH-WESTERN LUMBERMAN, 1873-1898+ A : weekly paperdevoted to lumber interests. William B. Jackson was editorand Judson and Dicey were publishers in 1874. In 1875 WilliamB. Jackson and Calvin M. Mudge were editors and Judson,Dicey, and Company were publishers. Rufus King was businessmanager. In 1876 William B. Jackson was editor, and Judsonand King were publishers. The Lumberman Publishing Companywere editors and publishers, 1877-1880. The title of thepaper became American Lumberman in 1898. January i, 1899,the Timberman, established 1885, was absorbed. In 1907 J. E.Defebaugh was editor; the American Lumberman (Inc.) werepublishers. This paper was monthly in 1874, with a semimonthlybulletin. Since then it has been weekly. WHEOCCIDENT, 1873 to date (September, 1895) A :weekly radical reformJewish journal. It was devoted to general news, politics,literature,science, art, and the. interest of the Hebrews of the North-^ west. Julius Silversmith, M.A., was editor and proprietor,1873-1895. The Occident Publishing Company were publishers.In 1876 mention is made of the fact that this paper was printedin both English and German.DAHOUR BOYS' AND GIRLS' OWN, 1873 to date (1875): A monthlypublication. J. A. Densmore was editor and publisher in 1875.Listed as Boys and Girls Magazine in 1874.PEOPLE'S PAPER, July 26-August 16, 1873 A :grange organ editedby Edward N. Fuller. It was disposed of to J. A. Noonan andmerged in Industrial Age. HPORTFOLIO, i873(?)- - (?): A monthly, devoted to literature andthe fine arts.PROFESSOR TRUMBULL'S FAMILY RECORD, i873(?):Trumbull and Carver.Published bySCIENTIFIC FARMER, 1873 to date (1874): Monthly. Dr. T. A.Bland was editor and Thomas G. Newman publisher in 1874.SOUTH SIDE NEWS, 1873 to date (1874) Published weekly for Grand:Crossing. Vansant and Company were editors and publishersin 1874.A small two-column eight-page paper, apparentlyissued for gratuitous circulation, by Carpenter and SheldonḢSTAG WEEKLY, 1873 :STUDENT, 1873 to date (1874) : Monthly. M. Wendell was editor,and Wendell and Einstein were publishers in 1874.To-DAY, i873(?) (?): A weekly, edited by Dio Lewis.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 119TURNER'S MINARET, 1873-1875: A semi-monthly publication ofthe "family story" type. E. M. Turner and Compaay wereThe paper was listed in 1875 aseditors and publishers in 1873.the Minaret.VART NYA HEM, 1873 to date (1874): A Swedish monthly, editedand published by A. Chaiser and Company in 1874.CHICAGSKY VESTNIK, 1873 to date (1881): Bohemian. A liberalRepublican paper, published weekly. Josef Langmayer waseditor and publisher in 1874 and 1877. Josef Langmayer waspublisher and J. V. Matejka was editor in 1880. A later paper,monthly, of this name, was established in 1902 by the FirstBohemian Catholic Central Union as the organ of this Union.The editors to date are Rev. Peter Cerveny and John Straka.Vox HUMANA, 1873 to date (1879): A monthly, devoted to music-Charles Barnard was editor, and George Woods and Companywere publishers, 1874-1876. It was dated for Cambridgeport,Massachusetts, and Chicago in 1876. In 1879 Louis C. Elsonwas editor, and George Woods and Company were publishers.WESTERN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, 1873 to date (1876) : An educationalpaper, issued monthly. John W. Brown was editor andpublisher in 1876.WESTERN SPORTING TIMES, i873(?)-- (?): Owned by T. Z.Cowles.WILSON'S REFLECTOR, 1873 to date (1877): A monthly, devoted tothe advertising of sewing machines. J. A. Spencer was editor,and the Wilson Sewing Machine Company were publishers in1876. In 1877 Mrs. M. H. Fuller was editor, and the WilsonSewing Machine Company were publishers.WORKERS' LAMP, 1873 to date (1877): A monthly, devoted tomechanical interests. The Workers' Lamp Company wereeditors and publishers, 1874-1876. Charles G. Smith is mentionedas a publisher in 1875.ZIONS VAKT, 1873: Organ of the Swedish Baptist Church; publishedby Dr. J. A. Edgren. Short lived.AMERICAN ASPIRANT, 1874 to date (1876): Edited and publishedby A. F. Bradley and Company.AMERICAN HOMES MAGAZINE, i874(?)-- (?): An illustratedmagazine published by Henry L. Shepard and Company. F.W. McClure was manager in 1874. Listed also as AmericanHome.monthly journal devotedAMERICAN MILLER, + May, 1874 to date : Ato the art of flour milling. It was published for one year atOttawa before its removal to Chicago, May, 1874. It was

oILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSoriginally owned and edited by Samuel S. Chisholm, with whomwas associated Arthur J. Mitchell, and subsequently, in 1876,Harley B . Mitchell. The American Miller Publishing Company,which had been the style of the publishers, was incorporated in1878, and in 1882 the style of the corporation was changed toMitchell Brothers Company, which it still retains. Mr. Chisholmsold his interest to the Mitchells and retired. In 1907H. B. Mitchell was editor. The officers of the publishing companyare: H. B. Mitchell, president; M.W.Mitchell, vicepresident,and A. J. Mitchell, secretary and treasurer.ARBEITERFREUND, i874(?)-- (?): German. Rudolph Ruhbaumwas proprietor.BABCOCK FIRE RECORD, iS74(?) (?): Monthly. Edited byGeorge Mathews.CARL PRETZEL'S NATIONAL WEEKLY, 1874-1893: The title latercontained the word Illustrated, to advertise its cartoons. Acomic paper, written in German-English lingo. It made anappeal to a wider public than its predecessor. Having exhaustedafter a time his original vein, Mr. C. F. Harris, the editor andpublisher, turned his attention to politics. Among the contributorswere Robert G. Ingersoll and John A. Logan. The paperbecame also the organ of some secret society interests. It retainedthroughout its existence something of its original humorouscharacter.UCATHOLIC PILOT, August 15, 1874 to date: A Catholic weekly.Edited and published throughout its existence by M. J. Cahill.It was listed in 1879 as Irish Leader and Pilot and in 1881 asPilot.CHILDREN'S VOICE, i874(?)- (?): W. Billings was editor andproprietor.CHRISTIAN AT WORK, i874(?) to date (1875) : In 1874 H. H. Chandlerwas manager of the western branch, located inChicago; C. D. Paine, 1875.COMMERCIAL PRICE CURRENT, 1874 to date (1877) A : weekly. R. W.Wheeler was editor; the Commercial Printing Company werepublishers.DAILY COURIER, January i, 1874, to date (1877): Issued at 8 A. M.Given in the directory for 1876 as the Morning Courier, dailyand weekly. A Sunday edition, the Sunday Courier-Herald,was established in 1876. The Courier Company were editorsand publishers, 1874-1876; GeorgeI.Yeager, in 1877. Thepaper began as Independent; became Democratic. HUTHE CROSS AND THE SWORD, i874(?): Nowlan and Cunninghamwere proprietors.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 121CRUSADER, 1874 to date (1881) A : temperance monthly. Mrs. M.E. DeGeer and daughter, Mrs. C. V. Waite, were editors andpublishers from 1875 to 1879 ( an(i after?).ENGINEER, ARCHITECT, AND SURVEYOR, 1874-1875+: Establishedby George H. Frost and Charles J. Moore. It was changed toENGINEERING NEWS, +1875-1879+: Established by George H.Frost. After one year Charles J. Moore became associatedwith Frost in editing and publishing the Engineering Newswhich was soon made a weekly. Moore's name disappeared,and Frost continued as editor and publisher until the office ofpublication was moved to New York at the close of 1878.Vols. 9-18 are entitled Engineering News and American ContractJournal; vols. 19-59, Engineering News and American RailwayJournal. The paperis stillpublished in New York andmaintains a Chicago office.JC:FIELD, 1874+ Weekly. Became WHFIELD AND STREAM, +1874-1876+: It succeeded the Field, waspublished bi-weekly, and later becameHCHICAGO FIELD, February, + 1876-July, 1881 : A sportsman's weeklynewspaper and recreative journal. Its publishers have been:C. W. Marsh and Company, 1874-1879; Chicago Field PublishingCompany, March i, i879~July i, 1881; American FieldPublishing Company, July 2, 1881, to date. Edited by Marshand Company to March i, 1876. March 4, 1876, Dr. N. Roweassumed editorial charge and on March 3, 1877, became editorand manager, and continued as such until his death, March 10,1896. Dr. Rowe was also president and treasurer of theAmerican Field Publishing Company until his death. ThenMrs. N. Rowe became president and treasurer of the company,and editor to date. From 1876 George W. Strell was associatedwith Dr. N. Rowe, was managing editor, 1886-1896, and generalmanager and editor, 1896 to date. Title was changed toAmerican Field on July 2, 1881. Since 1883 the journal hasbeen dated from New York and Chicago.HAFRA MODERLANDENE, 1874 to date (1875) A Scandinavian :weekly.Albert Fougner was general agent.FURNITURE TRADE, 1874 to date (1880) Monthly. The : paperwas listed in the 1875 directory as Western Furniture Trade,and in 1879 and 1880 as Furniture Trade Journal, Brackett andTalcott were editors and publishers 1875-1876. The followingyear Charles E. Brackett was editor and publisher. The name ofF.B.DeBerard appears as editor and publisher in 187 8; Brackett,Ealy, and Company in 1879. Francis LeBaron was editor in

122 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS1880, and F. B. De Berard, publisher. The journal was thensemi-monthly. It was issued simultaneously in Chicago andNew York in 1879.GAZETA POLSKA KATOLICKA, 1874 to date: A Polish Catholicweekly. In 1876-1880 John Barzynski was editor, and thePolish Literary Society were publishers. In 1907 the W.Smulski Publishing Company were publishers. The word Polskais not now a part of the title.GERICHTSHALLE, 1874 ( ?)A German : paper, edited and publishedby E. Frederick.-GOOD TIDINGS, i874(?)-:(?) L. C. Collins and C. C. Marstonwere the editors.GROCER, i874-(after 1879 )-p: A commercial weekly. George P.Engelhard was editor, Hannibal H. Chandler was manager, andthe Grocer Publishing Company were publishers, 1877-1879.It becameGROCER AND MERCANTILE REVIEW, -f ( ) after 1879, to date (1881):George P. Engehard continued in the position of editor. TheGrocer Company were publishers in 1881, with H. H. Chandleras manager.HANDELS UNO INDUSTRIE ZEITUNG, 1874 to date (1876) A Scandinaviancommercial paper. It was being published in 1876 bythe Hejmdal Publishing Company.:HEJMDAL, 1874 to date (1877): A Scandinavian paper. Reicheland Salmonsen were editors and publishers in 1875. The followingyear the Hejmdal Publishing Company were publishers.In 1877 the same company were publishing the paper, and L.Salmonsen was editor. The proprietors for that year are givenas Reichel and Company. This paper claimed to be "thelargest Danish-Norwegian paper in the world."HOSPITAL BAZAAR, November 16-25, 1874: Edited by Kate NewellDoggett in the interest of the Hahnemann Hospital Fair. JHYRDESTEMMEN, 1874 to date: A weekly Sunday-school paper,published by the Norwegian and Danish Methodists. Theeditors have been: Rev. C. F. Eltzholtz, 1874-1878; Rev.Christian Treider and Rev. C. F. Eltzholtz, 1878-1880; A.Haagenson, 1880-1884; Christian Treider, 1884-1892; H. P.Bergh, 1892-1898: Christian Treider, 1898-1900; H. P. Bergh,1900 to date. Files of the paper are available at 272 Grand avenue,Chicago.ILLUSTRATED BIBLE STUDIES, 1874 to date (1879): A non-sectarianSunday-school paper, published monthly. Howard, Turner,and Company were editors and publishers, 1874-1875. C. H.

123Howard and Company were editors and publishers in 1876; C.H. Howard was editor, C. H. Howard and Company were publishersin 1879.INSURANCE CRITIC, 1874 to date (1879): A semi-monthly, devotedto insurance interests. George W. and Joseph Reed, Jr., wereeditors and publishers, 1875-1876 ; George W. Reed and GeorgeW. Corliss, 1877 to date (1879). The paperisgiven in 1879 asa monthly, issued from Chicago and New York.CHICAGO JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES, January,i874-October, 1875 + : A quarterly medical journal. J. S. Jewelland H. M. Bannister were editors. The journal was continuedas theJOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES, + October, 1879-LIQUOR TRADE REVIEW, 1874-- (?): Thomas Marshall waseditor and publisher.LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCE REPORTER, i874(?) to date (1875): E.Griffiths was publisher. The paper was also listed as LiveStock Reporter.METAL WORLD, i874(?)-- (?): A commercial monthly, listed inthe newspaper directory for 1874. It was published by the MetalWorld Publishing Company.MILLENARIAN, January, 1874- - (?): Monthly. Edited and publishedby H. V. Reed. "The Millenarian advocates the personalreturn of Christ to our earth, his literal reign over Isrealand the nations, the resurrection of the holy dead at the commencement of the Millennium, and their reign with Christ duringthe Millennial day and beyond," etc.HMISSIONS-VANNEN, July, 1874 to date: Founded as a monthly bythe Mission Synod; became weekly in 1880. Edited at first byA. W. Hedenschoug and L. J. Peterson, 1874-1880; AndrewHallner, 1880-1882; A. E. Wenstrand and Gustaf Theden;and later Hallner, under whom the paper favored Prohibition.He was succeeded by John Hagestrom. The Mission FriendsPublishing Company bought the paper in 1882. C. G. Petersonis manager.NAR OCH FJERRAN, 1874 to date (1879): A Swedish illustratedmonthly published at the Hemlandet office, 1874-1877. Enanderand Bohman were editors and publishers, 1875-1877. CNATIONAL, 1874 to date (1881) :of the liquor trade.A weekly, devoted to the interests

i24ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNORDEN, 1874 to date (1881) A :Norwegian paper, Republican inpolitics.Hallward Hande was editor, and I. T. Relling andCompany were publishers, 1875-1880. UNOVELIST, 1874 to date (1881): A literary paper of which GeorgeE. Blakely was editor, and the Pictorial Printing Companywere publishers, 1879-1880.DEN NYE Tro, i874-after 1881: A socialist paper started by theScandinavian sect of the Socialist Labor party. It was edited byMr. Peterson. In 1 88 1 a paper bearing the same name was listedin Ayer as established in 1877 and published by Den Nye TidPublishing Company.A semi-monthly paper devoted to theOUR REST, 1874-1 88o(?) +jjSecond Advent. The title was given in 1881 as Our Rest andSigns of the Times. Thomas Wilson was editor and publisherin 1873. The same was true in 1880, but in 1875 and 1876Thomas Wilson and H. V. Reed were the editors.OWL, October, 1874 (?) A : literary monthly devoted to librarynews, brief and terse, often unrestrained and enthusiastic. Booknotices, and other items of literary interest including essays byW. F. Poole, designed to impress upon his readers his beliefthat good fiction should occupy a large place in public libraries,gave the paper good standing. It was edited by W. F. Poole,and published by W. B. Keen, Cooke, and Company, of whosebook business the Owl seems to have been more or less the handmaiden.Vol. i consists of fourteen numbers; vol. 2 beginswith January, 1876.NFPEOPLE'S MONTHLY, i874(?) (?): C. McKnight was editor.SATURDAY EVENING HERALD, 1874-1909+ A :weekly, devoted inearly years to literature, art, music, and society; and in lateryears almost exclusively to society. Lyman B. Glover wasfounder, John M. Dandy, G. M. McConnell and Lyman B.Glover were editors up to 1879. McConnell withdrew in 1879,Glover in 1886. Dandy was editor to 1893 or after. In 1876the Herald Publishing Company were publishers. EdwardFreiberger was editor and publisher in 1907. Ernest L. Briggs,editor in 1909, started the Illinois Illustrated Review, July, 1909,and Chicago Illustrated Review, September 15,the Herald.1909, to succeedAHSCIENTIFIC MANUFACTURER, 1874 to date (1875) : A semi-monthly,published at Detroit, Michigan, dated for Chicago and Detroit.Thomas S. Sprague was editor and R. H. Sprague, publisher, in1874. R. A. Sprague was editor and publisher in 1875, and thepaper was monthly.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 125SEWING MACHINE JOURNAL, 1874 (?): A monthly journal. A.M. Leslie and Company were editors and publishers in 1874.TEMPLE CALL, i874(?)- (?): Edited by Pliny P. Ravlin.VOLKS-ZEITUNG, January, 1874-1876: A socialist paper establishedby a stock company called Social Democratic Printing Association,with Mr. Brucker as editor. The paper was sold to C.Conzett in 1876 and was used by him in establishing Arbeiter-Zeitung.VORBOTE, March, 1874 to date: Established as a workingman'ssocialist organ, with Conrad Conzett as editor. The success ofthe venture led in 1876 to the purchase of Volks-Zeitung and theestablishing of the Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung, published threetimes a week. P. Grottkau was editor in 1879, and in that yearthe paper was taken over by the Socialistic Publishing Society.August Spies and Michel Schwab became editors in 1880, andwere condemned for participation in the so-called Anarchistriots in Chicago in 1886. Spies was hanged and Schwab, sentencedto life imprisonment, was pardoned by Governor Altgeldin 1893. Since 1892 the paper has been published by ChicagoArbeiter-Zeitung Publishing Company, successor to the SocialisticPublishing Society.WATCHMAKER AND METAL WORKER, 1874 to date (1881): Establishedas a monthly. In 1879 it was bi-monthly; then monthlyin 1880. John H. Mather was editor and publisher, 1879-1880.WESTEN, i874(?) (?) An : Independent German weekly paper;the Sunday edition of the Illinois Staats-Zeitung. It was listedas the Westen und Daheim in 1907 a ; Republican paper. Rasterwas editor, 1874-1875, and The Illinois Staats-Zeitung Companywere publishers, 1874-1876. UWESTERN MANUFACTURER, April, 1874 to date (1882): A mechanicalpublication issued monthly. Fox and Company wereeditors and publishers in 1875 ;Fox and Coyne in 1876; Coyneand Gilmore in 1877 ; Coyne and Company in 1877-1880. HWESTERN PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS, October, 1874 to date (1876) :Edited and published by C. W. Stevens.AMERICAN TRADE JOURNAL, 1875 to date (1881): A commercialmonthly.AMERIKAN, 1875 to date: Bohemian. August Geringer has beenpublisher from 1875 to date. Listed in the 1877-1881 directoriesas weekly edition of Svornost (which see). Since 1907it has beena bi-weekly. The paper has always been Independent.BUDBAREREN, i87s(?) to date (1876): A Swedish paper of whichLars C. Svendson was proprietor.

ia6ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHRISTIAN REGISTER, i8y5(?) to date: A Unitarian weekly, establishedin Boston in 1821. In 1875it was dated for Chicago.Rev. T. J. Mumford was editor, Geo. H. Ellis was businessmanager; and the Christian Register Association were publishers.In 1907 George Batchelorwas editor; the same associationwere publishers.:COMMERCIAL, i875(?)-i876+ Editedit had been changed toby R. Wheeler. By 1877MARINE RECORD AND TRADE OF THE WEST, +i877(?)-- (?):CONSERVATORY, i875(?)-- (?): Lyman, McAllaster, and Companywere publishers.ENTERPRISE AND TIMES, x875(?) (?) + : Published for SouthChicago by H. L. Goodall and Company, who were alsoeditors. Changed toA weekly, published for SouthENTERPRISE, +1875 to date (1877) :Chicago by H. L. Goodall and Company. William Caffreywas editor.GRAIN AND PROVISION REVIEW, 1875 to date (1881) A commercial:paper. Cole and Company were editors and publishers in1880.GREAT SOUTH-WEST, 1875 to date (1876): A monthly advertisingsheet. In 1876 George Rice was editor and publisher. Thepaper was dated from Sedalia, Missouri, and Chicago.GUARDIAN, 1875 to date (1881) An :English and German monthly,published in the interest of the I. O. O. F. The Guardian PublishingCompany, of which S. L. Hurst was secretary, wereeditors and publishers, 1876-1877. The same company werepublishers, 1878-1880. H. F. Holcomb was editor, 1878-1879; T. H. Glenn, 1880. HCHICAGOER HANDELS-ZEITUNG, 1875 to date (1879): A Germancommercial and industrial weekly, claimed to be the only onein the West. C. Wenborne and J. Lingenberg were editors in1877; Sittig and Wenborne were publishers. In 1879 HermannLieb was editor; the Chicago Democrat Printing Companywere publishers. No report is given in the directory of 1880.HOTEL WORLD, August, 1875 to date: A weekly class journal ofgeneral hotel information devoted to technical hotel literature,hotel news, and editorial. Established by Frank Glossop, whowas editor and publisher, 1875-1877. William E. Smith wasassociated with him, 1877-1879. H. J. Bohn and Company purchasedthe paper in 1879 and continued the publication to 1883.H. J. and C. H. Bohn, 1883-1885; H. J. Bohn and Brother

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 127(John J. Bohn), 1885 to date. Files are in the office and in theLibrary of Congress.CHICAGO ILLUSTRATED NEWS, i875(?): W. R. Steele was publisher.INDEX, i875(?) to date (1891): A Saturday paper, devoted to fiction.C. E. Tues was editor; the Index Publishing Companywere publishers. This paper was listed in Rowell for 1891.IN DOOR AND OUT, 1875 to date (1879): An illustrated literarymonthly. George E. Blakely was editor, and the Pictorial PrintingCompany were publishers. 1876-1879.INSURANCE PRESS, i875(?)-- (?): Published by George Cohen.LAKESIDE LIBRARY, 1875-1877: The issues of this "library" weretri-monthly pamphlets, the first of the kind, containing cheapreprints of standard fiction. Donnelley, Lloyd, and Companywere the editors and publishers. This was said by John R.Walsh to have been the first ten-cent "library."LANDLORD AND TENANT, i875(?)-i876(?): John F. Golding wasmanager in 1875; Francis Timpson was publisher in 1876. IIMERCANTILE PRICE CURRENT, 1875 to date (1876): A daily andweekly commercial paper. The Chicago Mercantile PublishingCompany were editors and publishers.MORNING STAR, + i875(?) to date (1879): A Baptist weekly,founded at Dover, New Hampshire, in 1826. According to thedirectories it was dated for Boston and Chicago, 1875-1879. In1875 George T. Day was editor; I. D. Stewart, publisher. G.F. Mosher and Rev. A. H. Ruling were editors, 1876-1879;I.D. Stewart was publisher.NATIONAL FARMER, 1875 to date (1879): A monthly publicationissued from the office of Factory and Farm. M. E. Cole waseditor, and Fox, Cole, and Company were publishers in 1879.DAILY NEWS, December 26, 1875 to date: Established by MelvilleE. Stone, Percy R. Meggy, and William E. Dougherty. Meggyand Dougherty soon became discouraged and sold to Mr. Stone,who in turn sold to Victor F. Lawson in July, 1876. Later Mr.Stone bought a third interest in the property and conductedthe editorial department until 1888, when he retired. Mr.Lawson became sole owner, and thereafter directed both thethe Newseditorial and the business departments. In 1878bought the Evening Post in 1881 the issue of a two-cent;morningedition, called at first Morning News, and after 1892 Record, wasbegun;it was made one cent in 1888. Mr. Lawson conductedboth papers until March 28, 1901, when he sold the Record tothe Times-Herald and the two were consolidated as Record-

i 28ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHerald. The News has professed independence in politics,and enterprise rather than sensationalism. Its foreign specialcable service has been a feature of its news enterprise, whileits fresh-air fund, free lectures, and such undertakings indicateother directions in which it has been active. NHPRINTING PRESS, July, i875~October, 1876: A quarterly publicationfor printers, journalists, and others. Edited by Henry R.Boss and published for the Franklin Society as a means of increasingthe library of that society. In the early numbers Bossprinted his Early Newspapers in Illinois. In the secondvolume, beginning June, 1876, three bi-monthly numbers wereissued, and the publication was then discontinued. JHPROGRESSIVE FARMER, i875 v'?) ( ?) Listed in the 1875 : directory.RAPED :WRITER, +April, i875-November, 1878+ A quarterlypublication "devoted to the introduction of phonetic shorthandas the common and universal mode of writing." The first numberwas issued in Boston, June 15, 1865, and was edited by D.P. Lindsley. The second number, which did not appear untilApril 15, 1869, was issued from Mendon, Massachusetts. Bythat time an office had been established in Chicago with D. Kimballas manager. Beginning with the ninth number, RapidWriter was issued at Andover, Massachusetts, and dated at Andover,Boston, and Chicago. The Rapid Writer Associationthenceforward was publisher. Through 1873 the title was RapidWriter and Philological Magazine; in 1874 Rapid Writer andTachygrapher; beginning April, 1875, Rapid Writer; beginningJanuary, 1877, Rapid Writer and Takigrajer. Early in 1875the office of issue was moved to Chicago; by January, 1879, ^was New York, though D. Kimball remained the western manager.The publication became bi-monthly in January, 1876;in January, 1877, monthly. JREAL ESTATE REGISTER, i875(?)- (?): A monthly listed for1875. Sams and Furber were proprietors.ROLLING MILL JOURNAL, p i875(?):-J- Ivers was editor.SCHOOL WORLD, 1875 to date (1876): A monthly devoted to eo.cation. William H. Gardner was editor and publisher in 1876.SOUTH LAWN TRIBUNE, i875(?) to date (1878):Young and Rowleywere proprietors of this paper in 1875. John K -Rowleyedited it in 1878.SOUTH SIDE RECORD, i875(?)-- (?): Owned and published byVansant and Company.SUNDAY SCHOOL GEM, i875(?) to date (1877): Published by DavidC. Cook.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 129SVORNOST, 1875 to date: An Independent Bohemian paper, issueddaily and Sunday. F. B. Zdrubek has been chief of the editorialstaff, and August Geringer publisher, since the beginning.Svornost is the oldest Bohemian daily in the United States. CTEMPERANCE MONTHLY, 1875 to date (1876) Mrs. C. Augustus:Haviland was editor and publisher in 1875. There is no reportgiven for 1876.TEMPERANCE RECORD, i875( ?)--( ?) : Edited by John Meagher.TRAVELERS', SHIPPERS' AND MAIL GUIDE, i875(?) to date (1880):W. H. Stoelker and Company were publishers.WATCHMAN, 1875 to date (1886) A : semi-monthly publication,devoted to the interests of the Y. M. C. A. It was a monthlyin 1876, and edited and published by the Y. M. C. A. W. W.Van Arsdale was editor and publisher, 1877-1879. In 1880W. W. Van Arsdale was editor, and F. H. Revell publisher.The paper was being published in 1884 and in 1886 by VanArsdale.HCHICAGOER WESPEN, 1875 ( ?)A German comic : paper, issuedweekly. Dr. A. C. Lebell was editor and publisher in 1875.WESTERN AGE, 1875 to date (1876): M. Mudge was editor, andW. H. Peck and Company were publishers, 1875-1876.WESTERN BEACON, i875(?)-- (?): Published monthly.WESTERN PAPER TRADE, 1875 to date (1884): A monthly devotedto the paper trade mills. The Union Bag and Paper Company(formerly Wheeler, Fisher, and Company), were editors andpublishers from the time it was founded by them in 1875 untilJanuary 15, 1881, when it was bought by J. Fred Waggoner.It was stillpublished by him in 1884, but had disappeared before1891.WESTERN TRADE JOURNAL, 1875 to date: Issued weekly anddevoted to commercial, financial, and mining interests. HenryClay Brace was sole editor and proprietor until 1894, when hesold to Jay Smith. Smith sold the paper, in 1895, to FremontArford, who has been editor, publisher, and proprietor from1895 to date. The name was given in Ayer, 1881, as WesternTrade and Export Journal.AMERICAN HORSE-SHOER AND HARDWARE JOURNAL, 1876 to date(1881) A commercial : monthly.AMERICAN POULTRY JOURNAL, +1876 to date: An illustratedmonthly, devoted to the interests of raisers of thoroughbredpoultry, turkeys, ducks and geese. Established by C. J. Ward,1874, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and moved to Chicago in 1876. C.J. Ward was editor; Ward and Darrah were publishers. InH

i 3 oILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS1879 C. J. Ward, H. C. Darrah, and C. W. Heaton were editors;Ward and Darrah, publishers. C. J. Ward appears aloneas editor and publisher in 1880. The paper was purchased byMorgan Bates in 1888. George G. Bates bought it in 1894, andthe American Poultry Journal Publishing Company was incorporatedin 1902. In 1907 Geo. B. Bates was editor; theabove named company were publishers. At different timesdaily, weekly, and semi-monthly editions have been published.APPEAL, 1876 to date (1880) A :bi-weekly, published in the interestof the Reformed Episcopal church. Bishop Samuel Fallowswas editor; Edward P. Brooks and Company were publishersin 1880.A workmen's socialist organ begunas a tri-weekly as a result of the success of Vorbote, a weekly,established by the same persons in 1874. Conrad Conzett wasARBEITER ZEITUNG, 1876 to'date:editor until 1878, when he sold to the Socialist-Labor party actingunder the name of Socialist Publishing Company. Conzett wassucceeded by P. Grottkau. The paper was made a daily at the endof 1878. August Spies, who became editor in 1880, and MichelSchwab, member of the staff, were implicated in the anarchisticriots in 1886; Spies was hanged, and Schwab, condemned toimprisonment for life, was pardoned by Governor Altgeld in1893. Throughout the first week in May, 1886. the paper wassuppressed by the police of Chicago; the compositors werearrested, and the printer threatened. The paper was censoredfor some time. The publishing company was incorporated in1892 as the Arbeiter-Zeitung Publishing Company. A Sundayedition is called Die Fackel. 1 JNBOTANICAL BULLETIN, November, i875-November, 1876+: Amonthly journal embracing all departments of botanical science.Established by Dr. John M. Coulter, who was editor and publisher.In November, 1876, it was changed, on the suggestionof Dr. Asa Gray, to theBOTANICAL GAZETTE, + November, 1876 to date: From January,1878, to January, 1882, M. S. Coulter was associated with hisbrother as editor. When he ceased this relation in January,1882, C. R. Barnes and J. C. Arthur became associate editors.In 1886 they became co-editors with Dr. Coulter. The editorswere also publishers until July, 1876, when the University ofChicago became the publisher. It has continued so to date.After July, 1896, associate editors were selected from the variousinstitutions of America and Europe. In July, 1900, J. C. Arthurwas transferred from the list of editors to that of associate1For a detailed account of the part played in the anarchistic movement bythisgroup of papers, see Michael J.Schwab, Anarchy and Anarchists, Chicago, 1889.H

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 131editors. In January, 1905, the list of associates was discontinued.The present editors are John M. Coulter and C. R. Barnes. JTJCHRISTIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER, 1876 to date (1881): Amonthly religiouspaper.CHRONICLE, 1876 (?): Monthly. Mentioned only in the directoryfor 1876, which gave George Alexander as editor.DREW'S COLLEGE JOURNAL, September, 1876 (?): An advertisingsheet published monthly in the interest of Drew's BusinessCollege.DUNTON'S SPIRIT OF THE TURF, October 18, 1876 to date (1881):A weekly, devoted to sport. Frank H. Dunton and Charles E.Jones were editors; F. H. Dunton was publisher in 1877. In1880, Frank H. Dunton was editor; F. H. and E. M. Duntonwere publishers.HEDITOR'S EYE, 1876 to date (1880):HClarence P. Dresser was editorin 1880. The publishers for that year were the Editor's EyeCompany, comprised of C. P. Dresser, F. B. Clancy, and A.E. Spencer. A local paper.EDUCATIONAL WEEKLY, + December, i876-i88i(?): Formed bythe combination of School Bulletin and Northwestern Journal ofEducation, Wisconsin; Michigan Teacher; Illinois Schoolmaster;Nebraska Teacher; The School, Michigan; Home andSchool, Kentucky; School Reporter, Indiana. William F.Phelps was the first editor, associated with whom were ProfessorEdward Olney, University of Michigan; J. M. Gregory,president Illinois Industrial University, and Newton Bateman,president Knox College. Winchell and Klein were publishers.By 1878 E. O. Vaile and S. R. Winchell were editors and proprietors;S. R. Winchell and Jeremiah Mahony, editors, S. R.Winchell and Company, publishers, 1880; J. Fred Waggonerwas editor and publisher in 1881.HFACTORY AND FARM, 1876 to date (1880): A monthly of which Fox,Cole, and Company were editors and publishers. 1877-1880. CFANCY GROCER, 1876 to date (1879): A weekly commercial advertisingsheet. Ferdinand Fish was editor, and Southwick andPemberton were publishers in 1879.FOLKETS Avis, 1876 to date (1880): A Danish weekly, Independent inpolitics. Myrup and Olson were editors and publishers in 1880.The paper was dated for Racine, Wisconsin, and for Chicago.FOLKETS ROST, 1876 to date (1877): A Norwegian weekly. J.Ditten and Joe Ellerston were editors ; Joe Ellerston andpany, publishers.

i 3 2ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGASKELL'S MAGAZINE, 1876-1887: A monthly educational magazine.A. J. Scarborough was editor; the G. A. Gaskell Companywere publishers.HIGHWAY PAPERS, 1876 to date (1879): An evangelical monthly.Isaiah Reid was editor and publisher.INTERNATIONAL LESSON, i876( ?) to date (1880): A monthly of whichFleming H. Revell was publisher in 1876 William B. ;Jacobs in1880.IRISH TRIBUNE, 1876 to date (1881) A :weekly paper, Independentin politics.M. Ryan was editor; the Irish Tribune PublishingCompany were publishers. P. J. Ryan was business manager,1879-1880.NATIONAL DEMOKRAT, 1876 to date (1877) A German Democratic:paper, published daily except Sunday. George Braham wasbusiness manager in 1877. It was said to be the official organof the city and county, to have a larger circulation than anyother German Democratic paper in the west, and to be the onlyGerman Democratic paper published in Chicago.OLD OAKEN BUCKET, 1876: A monthly literary publication of the"family story" type.and publishers.E. M. Turner and Company were editorsPOMEROY'S DEMOCRAT, + January i, 1876 to date (1880) A : weeklyGreenback paper removed January i, 1876, from New Yorkwhere it was founded in 1869. After January 26, 1878, the titlewas Pomeroy's Illustrated Democrat. Mark M. Pomeroy waseditor and publisher.RAILROAD CONDUCTOR'S BROTHERHOOD MAGAZINE, 1876 to date(1880) A :and publisher, 1876-1880.RAILWAY AGE, June 17, 1876-June, 1908+:HAmonthly magazine of which J. Ward Boyles was editorA weekly journaldevoted to the construction, equipment, operation, maintenance,and public relations of railways. It was first issued June 17,1876, by the Railway Age Publishing Company; George S.Bangs, president: Elisha H. Talbott, manager; Horace R.Hobart, editor. Mr. Talbott was the originator of the RailwayAge and from 1878 to 1891 was president as well as manager.H. W. Shuey was treasurer and business manager fromDecember, 1886. In September, 1891, Harry P. Robinsonand associates purchased Mr. Talbott's controlling interestand merged into the Railway Age the Northwestern Railroader,which for some years had been published by them atMinneapolis, Minnesota. The Railway Age and NorthwesternRailroader Company was incorporated with Harry P. Robinson,

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 133president Horace R. Hobart, ;vice-president, and Hugh M. Wilson,secretary and manager. In January, 1900, Hugh M.Wilson purchased the control from Mr. Robinson and assumedentire business and editorial management. The property wasreincorporated as the Railway Age Company, with Hugh M.Wilson, president and manager;H. R. Hobart, vice-president;John N. Reynolds, second vice-president; W. H. Shuey, treasurer,and T. Addison Busby, secretary. In May, 1906, theRailway Age Company was reorganized as the Wilson Company.The Railway Age and the Railroad Gazette were unitedJune, 1908, as Railroad Age Gazette.WHJURARESEK, i876( ?) ( ?)A Bohemian : weekly edited by ReischelGutes.SCIENCE AND PROGRESS, 1876 to date (1883): Listed in Hubbard'sNewspaper Annual for 1883-1884.CHICAGOER SOCIALIST, 1876 to date (1879): A German paperissued daily except Sunday. The Socialist Printing Associationwere editors and publishers in 1877. Robert List was managerin 1879.SUNDAY SCHOOL ADVOCATE, +1876 to date (1877): Established inBoston in 1840. Published weekly and semi-monthly. It wasdated for New York, Cincinnati, Boston, and Chicago in 1877.Rev. J. H. Vincent was editor, and Nelson and Phillips werepublishers in 1877.SUNSET CHIMES, 1876 to date (1887): A monthly literary magazineof the "family story" type. The Sunset Chimes PublishingCompany were editors and publishers in 1877-1881.TEACHERS' QUARTERLY, 1876 to date (1881): A quarterly evangelicalpaper.WASHINGTONIAN, January, i876-i893(?) A :temperance monthly,edited by Daniel Wilkins and published by the WashingtonianHome Association.HWATCH, 1876 (?): A bi-monthly advertising sheet. CharlesWendell and Company were editors and publishers in 1876.WESTERN BREWER AND JOURNAL OF THE BARLEY, HOP, AND MALTTRADES, July, i876-i907(?)+ A :monthly devoted to brewing,malting, hop, and kindred trades. It was established by M. J.Wing and H. S. Rich, under the firm name of J.M. Wing andCompany. H. S. Rich became sole owner in 1887. The companywas incorporated in 1903 as H. S. Rich and Company, whoare still the editors and publishers. There is a branch office inNew York. In 1907 the name of the paper was given as WesternBrewer, and has been so to date.J

134 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWESTERN TRAVELER, i876(?) ( ?) Published by D. A. Cashman.:WILD EDGERTON'S WEEKLY EVERGREEN, December 9, 1876-November, 1877: A weekly series of poems issued in pamphletform, each bearing a serial number. By Brock L. McVicker.Fifty-two numbers were issued, toward the last in groups of fouror five.WORDS OF LIFE, i876(?) to date (1880): A monthly edited andpublished by Fleming H. Revell, 1876-1880.AMATEUR MECHANIC, July, 1877, to date (1878): A monthly editedand published by Samuel Harris as an advertising sheet. HAMERICAN HOME, 1877 to date (1881): A bi-monthly family periodical.In 1879 and 1880 Mrs. Theodore C. Campbell was editorand publisher.CBEOBACHTER, 1877 to date (1907): A German paper, founded atWheaton by Paul Geleff, who was its editor to about 1885.Henry Wilhelmy owned and conducted the paper from 1885 tothe year of his death, 1892. After that, A. Paessler was the proprietor.It has been for years the official paper of a number ofsuburban towns and of DuPage County. It has absorbed theMcHenry Familienfreund, 1895, the Joliet Volksblatt, 1896, theChicago Concordia, 1899, and the Harlem Post, 1906. It isknown now (1907) as Beobachter and Post, published by theBeobachter and Post Publishing Company, and is listed as Independentin politics. It is dated for Chicago and for Wheaton.BLADET, February, 1877 to date: Established by John Martensonas a fortnightly Swedish Lutheran paper. In 1879it was combinedwith Zions Baner, owned by K. Erixon, who became jointowner with Martenson, and Bladet was made a weekly. VictorRylander later became a member of the firm. John Martensonhas been editor from the beginning. Organ of the Free MissionFriends.BOARD OF TRADE, 1877: A commercial monthly, published by M.T. Lane and Company.BUNDER-POSAUNE, 1877 to date (1879): A German evangelicalmonthly, published under the auspices of the Publishing Committeeof the German National Y. M. C. A., with Rev. J.D.Severinghaus as editor,Severinghaus and Company, publishers.MONTHLY CASKET, i877(?) to date (1880): Edward U. Jones waseditor, 1877-1880.CHURCH AND SCHOOL, 1877 to date (1880): A non-sectarian monthly,edited and published by David C. Cook.CLOTHING GAZETTE, 187 7(?) (?): Edited by John McGreer.HH

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 135COSMOPOLITAN, 1877 to date (1880) A :monthly, devoted to fashions.C. A. Vosburg and Company were editors and publishers in 1879and 1880.DEUTSCHE AMERIKANISCHE MUELLER, 1877 to date (1881) A Germanmechanical monthly. In 1879 Sittig and Wenborne were:editors and publishers. In 1880 E. A. Sittig was editor and publisher.DEUTSCHE WARTE. 1877 to date:A German Independent weekly,(semi-weekly since 1889) edited and published to 1884 by theGerman Book and News Company. Since 1884 the GermaniaPublishing Company have been publishers. Dr. H. Duemlingis now editor-in-chief.DRUGGIST, 1877 to date (1881) A : monthly, devoted to drug interests.DUCH CASU, 1877 to date: A Bohemian illustrated weekly,devoted to literature. It has a comic section and is issued fromthe office of the Svornost. August Geringer is editor and publisher.EVANGELISK TiDSKRiFT, i877~January i, 1885+: Edited by Dr.J. A. Edgren and published by Rev. N. P. Jensen until 1880,when it was turned over to E. Wingren. Started as a monthly ;in 1881 made semi-monthly. January i, 1885, the name waschanged to Nya Wecko Fasten, which is still edited and publishedby Rev. E. Wingren. Swedish Baptist.EVERY CHILD'S PAPER, i877(?) to date (1878) Miss E. C. Pruden:was editor and proprietor.EVERY YOUTH'S PAPER, i877(?) to date (1878): Miss E. C. Prudenwas editor and publisher.EYE, 1877 (?) to date (1886) Devoted to :art, photography, and humorousand other literature. In 1884 Hutchin and Cotmer wereeditors and publishers.FAIR PLAY, i877(?)-February, 1882+ : The first number, that forDecember 10, 1881, was labeled vol. vi, no. i; the issue forFebruary n, 1882, was the last. Edited by Frank H. Brooks.It was apparently either the successor to some earlier publicationor vi should have been i. On Sunday, February 19, 1882,Brooks began the publication of Porcupine, apparently aimed toserve the same somewhat unobvious purpose as Fair Play. HFARM AND GARDEN, 1877 to date (1881): A bi-monthly advertisingsheet.FARMERS' REVIEW, 1877 to date: Established by A. Moore. Until1880 it was monthly; since then it has been weekly. It hasThe Farmers'always been devoted to live stock and agriculture.

136 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSReview Company were editors and publishers in 1879 and until1883. It was purchased in 1883 by Hannibal H. Chandler andCompany, of which company Hannibal H. Chandler was presidentand Edwin W. Chandler, secretary. It was edited andpublished by this company until April, 1909, when itpassed intothe ownership of the National Stockman and Farmer Company.of Pittsburg, Pa., and Chicago. Under this management thepublication continues weekly as before. Files are available atthe office.HUGOOD NEWS, i877(?)-- (?): Monthly.HARDWARE AND IMPLEMENT TRADE, i877(?) A :weekly, publishedby Tucker and Smith.HARDWARE AND IRON LIST, i877(?) to date (1879): A. C. Schooleywas editor and proprietor, 1877-1879.ILLUSTRATED BOOT AND SHOEIST, i877(?) (?):John McGreerwas editor.INDEPENDENT, i877-i88o(?): William Burgess was editor andpublisher. "Devoted to the interests of hotel men, merchants,and manufacturers."INSURANCE HERALD, i877-i88o(?) Geo. I. Yeager was editor and:the Herald Publishing Company were publishers in 1877. Thispaper was apparently started by Yeager after the Herald waschanged to Argus. George I. Yeager is given in the city directoriesas manager, 1879-1880.HSEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, i877(?)-- (?): Published byGoodall and Company.H. L.JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, 1877 to date (1881): A scientific monthlypublication.KATHOLISCHER JUGEND FREUND, 1877 to date (1881): A GermanCatholic juvenile magazine. Rev. A. J. Thiele was editor, andC. M. Staiger publisher, 1879-1880. The paper was publishedbi-weekly 1877-1878, and weekly 1879-1880.LAW JOURNAL, 1877 to date (1907): Published weekly since itsestablishment by the Chicago Law Journal Publishing Company.Judge John Gibbons was editor for a number of years,and was succeeded by Col. J. W. C. Jones. D. M. Hammackwas afterwards editor. In 1907 the editor was William F.Denneman, LL.B. This paperis not listed in Rowell for 1879,nor in Ayer for 1881. Files may be found at the Chicago PublicLibrary, the Chicago Law Institute, and the various State LawLibraries throughoutJhe country.H

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 137LEAF, 1877 to date (1881): A commercial weekly devoted to thetobacco trade. J. Irving Crabbe was editor in 1879 and;Collinsand Hoffman were publishers. In 1880 George N. Holdcraftwas editor; G. P. Hoffman, publisher.MARVEL, i877( ?) to date (1878) A : monthly published by Spaldingand Company in 1877. Charles E. Bonnell was editor and proprietorin 1878.MIRROR OF FASHIONS, February, i877(?)-i88o(?) An :advertisingsheet. Vol. 3, no. 6 is dated July 17, 1879. In 1879 J. D.Goodrich was publisher. J. D. Goodrich and Company werepublishers in 1880. The paper was then listed as The Mirror. HMUSICAL REVIEW,-April, 1877- ( ?) Edited by George B. Arms-:trong;published monthly by the Musical Review PublishingCompany.NAD OCH SANNUNG, i877( ?) to date (1880): Scandinavian. Ewald,Lindell and Skeppstedt were proprietors in 1878. In 1880Charles Lindell and Rev. Carl A. Ewald were editors.NATIONAL BOARD OF TRADE, 1877 to date (1879) Published :weekly.E. A. Saxby was editor in 1878; M. T. Lane was editor, theNational Board of Trade Publishing Company were publishers,1879.NEUE ZEIT, 1877-- (?): A German Independent paper. It wasthe Sunday edition of the Volks Zeitung. The Chicago PressSociety were editors and publishers.NORSK-AHERIKANSKE INDEPENDENT, 1877 to date (1879): A NorwegianIndependent publication. O. M. Peterson, Morck andCompany were editors and publishers in 1879.NORTHWEST, i877(?) (?): Issued daily and weekly. It wasedited by Carl Grandpre', and published by Emil Bischof.PLAY, 1877 to date (1881) A :monthly devoted to drama and music.HPRACTICAL TEACHER, 1877 to date (1881) : A paper devoted to educationand issued semi-monthly except during July and August.It was a monthly in 1879. Klein and Kimball were editors andpublishers in 1879-1880.PUBLISHERS' MONTHLY, i877(?) to date (1878): Luther Conantwas manager in 1878.SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, 1877-1881 : A monthly, issued by theIllinois Social Science Association and sent gratis to its members ;Miss S. A. Richards was editor, 1879-1880.STATES, September 8, 1877 ( ?)A Greenback : weekly, with departmentsof literature and law. Its career seems to have beenbrief.H

138 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSVENSKA POSTEN, 1877+: A Swedish semi-monthly paper editedby Peter Roos. Its name was soon changed toSVENSKA AMERiKANAREN, + 1 October, 1877 to date: Established byHerman Roos and Nels Anderson. Herman Roos was editor tillJune, 1878; Roos and Elmblad, 1878-1880; Elmblad, 1880-1884; Sundelius, C. F. Peterson and Jacob Bonggren, 1884-1 888 ; Bonggren, 1 888 .( ?)Nels Anderson was owner until1884, when he sold to P. A. Sundelius. N. P. Nelson, and GabrielHjertquist, as the Swedish American Printing Company. FransA. Lindstrand acquired most of the stock in 1888; he sold in1908 to F. A. Larson.-CHICAGOER VOLKS-ZEITUNG, 1877- ( ?)A German : Independentpaper, issued daily except Sunday. The Chicago Press Societywere editors and publishers in 1877.WESTERN SHOE AND LEATHER REVIEW, 1877 to date (1881): Acommercial weekly. C. E. Rollins was manager, 1878-1879;Yeager and McDermott were publishers, 1879-1880; C. H. Mc-Dermott was editor, 1880; and the Western Shoe and LeatherReview Company were editors and publishers, i88i(?) (?).YOUNG FOLKS WEEKLY, i877(?)-- (?): Published by H. N. F.Lewis.ALARM, i878-(after 1884): An English organ of the Workingman'sEdited by A. R. Parsons, one of the notorious group ofparty.Chicago anarchists.ALL THE WORLD OVER, i878( ?) ( ?): Mentioned in the directoryfor 1878. G. F. Thomas was publisher.AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN, 1878-1881+: Established and edited byHCStephen D. Peet. After the first three volumes the name of thepaper was changed to American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal,which has continued to date. It was published as a quarterlyuntil 1884, since when it has been bi-monthly. Its interestsare literary and scientific. It has dealt mainly with the prehistoricworks and races of America, also to less extent with thoseof Europe, Asia, and Africa. The co-operation of European andAmerican archaeologists, distinguished in both biblical and classicallines of work, has secured the journal a means of maintain-are illus-ing a scientific basis for all that it publishes. Its pagestrated. In 1880 Jameson and Morse were publishers. Mr.Peet is now his own publisher.H JCAMERICAN CHESS JOURNAL, 1878 to date (1881): A monthly, givenup to the problems of the game of chess.lThis paper should not be confused with a paper of the same name which wasestablished in 1866.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 139AMERICAN FURNITURE GAZETTE, 1878 to date (1881):trade periodical.A monthlyAMERICAN HOMEOPATH, 1878-1880+ A :monthly homeopathic journal,published in New York, dated from New York and Chicagountil 1880. In 1879 J. P. Mills was editor; A. L. Chatterton andCompany were publishers. In 1880 Charles E. Blumenthal,M.D., was editor; the publishers were the A. L. ChattertonPublishing Company. Vols. 2 and 3 were called AmericanHomeopathist and later volumes, American Physician. Continuedin New York until December, 1908.AMUSEMENT WORLD, December n, 1878- - (?): A weekly reviewof the drama, music, and the fine arts. Edited by Frank I.Jervis, published by William E. Smith.HARTIST, i878(?) G. F. Thomas was editor.:BARN-VANNEN, i878-i879(?): Rev. A. Hull was editor in 1878or 1879, and Charles O. Lindell in the next year.BUDGET, 1878 to date (1881): Brainerd and Daniels were editors;A. Porter was publisher. Weekly.BUSINESS MAN'S MAGAZINE, i878( ?) ( ?):J. P. Scott was publisher.CALL, 1878 to date (1881) A Sunday :paper, devoted to matters offamily interest. T. Morrow J. was editor and publisher in 1880.CHAMPION or FAIR PLAY, 1878 to date: An English and Germanweekly devoted to liquor interests. Edited and published in1907 by R. J. Halle.CHAPEL CHRONICLE, September, 1878 (?): A monthly recordof the mission work of the First Presbyterian church at RailroadChapel. Edited by N. O. Moore. HCITIZENS' LEAGUE, December 14, 1878, to date (1879): Prohibitionrampant. Frederick D. Dalton was editor and proprietor.HCONDITOR, KOCH UND BAECKER ZEITUNG, 1878 to date (1879):A German scientific conmmercial publication, issued bi-weeklyF. Lisiewski and Company wereat Chicago and Philadalphia.editors and publishers in 1879.CONSERVATOR, 1878 to date: A Colored Republican weekly. In1878 Ferdinand L. Barnett and James E. Henderson wereeditors; in 1879 Joseph Houser was publisher. In 1907 D. R.Wilkins was editor; the Conservator Printing and PublishingCompany were publishers.EXPOSITION DAILY PRESS, Fall, 1878: The official organ of theInter-State Exposition, for free distribution. Published byCreswell, Wanner, and Company.H

i4oILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFAEDERNESLANDET, 1878 to date (1880): A Swedish weekly publication.Olson and Company were editors and publishers,1879-1880.-FAMILY JOURNAL, i878(?)- (?) : Edited by Miss C. T. Stalp.FARM, FIELD, AND FIRESIDE, 1878-1906+: An agriculturalmonthly, founded by R. L. V. Powis. Thomas W. Herringshawwas publisher in 1879. Thomas Owen, Jr., and FrederickHankohl were editors in 1880, and the Farm, Field, and FiresidePublishing Company were publishers. By 1885 the name hadbeen changed to Farm, Field, and Stockman, and the paper wasbeing published by a stock company of which Powis was president.Gen. Charles H. Howard and James W. Wilson boughtthe paper from Powis in the fall of 1885. From that time until1900 the Howard and Wilson Publishing Company issuedthe paper, with General Howard as principal owner and controllingeditor. Upon acquiring the Farm, Field, and Stockmanin 1885, the publishers immediately changed-it to a weekly.Under the same name it was published until 1893, when the titlewas changed back to Farm, Field, and Fireside. In 1894 theWestern Rural, a weekly, which had been published some twentyyears by Milton George, was purchased by the Howard andWilson Publishing Company. The two weeklies were publishedby this company until 1900, when the business interests weredivided. James W. Wilson took the Western Rural, sold hisholdings in the publishing company, and it ceased to exist. TheHoward Company purchased the Farm, Field, and Fireside andcontinued its publication till May. 1905. The president of thiscompany and business manager was Otis McGaw Howard, sonof General C. H. Howard, who was the treasurer. The secretaryand associate editor was Miss Nina F. Howard. The Farm,Field, and Fireside Monthly was also published by the same companyfrom 1899 to 1905. Among those who were connectedwith the paper a number of years as agricultural editors wereJonathan Periam, P. H. Jacobs, Wm. B. Lloyd, and Allan S.Neilson. The paper was sold to Wm. A. Radford in 1905 andin 1906 it was changed to a monthly and combined v.ith anotherpaper and the name changed to the National Monthly F^rmPress edited by Her; ert Shearer.FASHION COURIER, i878(?) (?).HUFREEMAN, 1878 to date (1881) : A Republican weekly.GOOD AS GOLD, i878(?)-- (?): Edited and published in 1878by Mark M. Pomeroy.GRAPHIC, 1878 to date (1895) An illustrated weekly :publication.Hoffman and Lederer were editors and publishers in 1879.It

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 141was listed as a Republican paper with the Graphic Companyeditors and publishers, 1891-1895.HOMEOPATHIC RECORD, i878(?) (?): W. F. Morrison waseditor and proprietor.INDICATOR, 1878 to date: Established by O. L. Fox, its presenteditor and proprietor. It was first issued as an art and musicweekly. In 1880 it discarded art, and added piano and organtrade items. In 1907it discarded music, and it has since beenexclusively a piano and organ trade journal.JEWISH ADVANCE, 1878 to date (1881): A Jewish weekly, printedin English and German. Rev. Henry Gersoni was editor, 1879-1880, and Max Stern, publisher.HJOURNAL OF FREEDOM AND RIGHT, 1878 to date (1881) :devoted to the liquor interests.A weekly,LIVING CHURCH, 1878-1907+: A weekly publication, devoted tothe interests of the Episcopal church. It was established inChicago by the Right Rev. Samuel S. Harris, D.D., LL.D., andthe Rev. John Fulton, D.D. The paper passed into the handsof the Rev. C. W. Lemngwell, D.D., 1879, and he was editorand publisher until 1900. For a part of this time Arthur P. Seymourwas associated in the business management. In 1907 thepaper was removed to Milwaukee, where it is still published,dated for Milwaukee, Chicago and New York. Frederic CookMorehouse is editor; the Young Churchman Company arepublishers.MANUFACTURERS' FIRE INSURANCE GUIDE, i878(?) to date (1879):R. A. Waller was publisher.MILLER'S NATIONAL MAGAZINE, October, 1878 (?): A quarterlypublication.CHICAGO MINING REVIEW, 1878 to date: A mining and industrialjournal published monthly. The Mining Review PublishingCompany were editors and publishers in 1880. From 1880 toafter 1886 the name was given as Mining Review. By 1907, thepaper had become the Mining Review and Metallurgist. It wasedited and published by Edward A. Taft.CMONITOREN, i878(?)-- (?): L. P. Nelson was proprietor.NATIONAL LAUNDRY JOURNAL, 1878 to date : A semi-monthly publicationdevoted to trade. Charles Dowst was editor and publisherfrom the beginning. E. S. Jefferson is mentioned as aneditor in the city directory for 1879. ^n J 97 Charles Dowstwas editor and president of the Dowst Brothers Company, publishers.This has remained true to date. The Journal is "thefirstpaper in the world to be devoted to the laundry trade."HH

i 4 aILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNEWSBOYS' APPEAL, i878(?) to date (1880): Albert Landon andCompany were publishers in 1878; J. J. Tobias was editor in1879; and Mrs. E. A. Forsyth was manager in 1880.NORTH SIDE REPORTER, i878-(after 1880): A local paper. F. W-Brenckle was editor and publisher; later in 1879 Brenckle andThomas P. Getzmere were editors; Brenckle alone in 1880. HNORTH-WESTERN COMMERCIAL TRAVELER, 1878 to date (1881):A commercial monthly. It was edited and published by Hatchand Chase in 1879; by D. C. Chase in 1880.OUR NEW EMPIRE, 1878 to date (1879): A monthly publication.E H. Briggs and W. W. Fithian were editors, and E. H. Briggand Company were publishers in 1879.OUR PICTURE GALLERY, January-December, 1878+ A :monthl)"for little folks." It was made up chiefly of stock wood cuts,with some second-reader rimes and anecdotes. Published b>the Chicago Engraving Company.It was continued asPICTURE GALLERY FOR YOUNG FOLKS, + December, 1878 todate(1881) A : monthly publication devoted to juvenile interests.Mrs. D. N. Bash was editor, and the Chicago Engraving Companjwere publishers in 1880.A monthly literary pullication.were editors ancOVER LAND AND SEA, 1878 to date (1879):The Over Land and Sea Companypublishers in 1879.PAMPHLET MISSION, March-August, 1878+: At the end of the firstvolume of six monthly numbers this paper changedits form ancbecameUNITY, + September, 1878 to date: A paper devoted to the interestof the Unitarian church. At first issued itmonthly, becamesemi-monthly in 1879, and weekly in 1885. In 1878it wamanaged and edited by a committee of five: Rev. Robert Collyer,Rev. J. Lloyd Jones, Rev. W. C. Gannett, Rev. C. W.Wendte, Rev. J. C. Leonard; Miss Frances L. Roberts wasRev. H. M. Simmons became managing editorbusiness agent.in 1879. In 1881 Rev. L. J. Jones became editor. From 1881 to1885 Unity was published by the Colgrove Book Company; from1886 to 1893 by Charles H. Kerr and Company; from 1893 todate by the Unity Publishing Company. Charles H. Kerr becameoffice editor in 1886, with Jenkin Lloyd Jones, David N.Utter and James V. Blake resident editors. Jenkin Lloyd Jonesand W. Kent were editors, and the Unity Publishing Companywere publishers in 1907. This periodical was published for atime, several years ago, with the title The New Unity. Filesare available at the Abraham Lincoln Centre, Chicago, and atMeadville College, Pennsylvania.HCW

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 143PLATTDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, 1878 to date (1881):Edward Cook was editor and publisher in 1880.A German weekly.RAILWAY ENTERPRISE, i878(?)+: Published by Day K. Smith.It was apparently combined in 1878 or 1879 with Railroader,and continued asRAILROADER AND RAILWAY ENTERPRISE, +i878(?) to date(i879):Issued monthly. It was dated from Chicago and Toledo in 1879.The Railroader Publishing Company were publishers.RAILWAY MASTER MECHANIC, 1878 to date: A monthly devoted tothe interests of railroads. O. H. Reynolds was editor, and BruceV. Crandall Company were publishers until February, 1909,when they sold to the Railway List Company, which now publishesthe paper, with L. F. Wilson as editor. URAILWAY PURCHASING AGENT, 1878-January i, 1886+ : Edited andpublished by Willard A. Smith in 1879. Smith and Cowles werepublishers in 1880. United with Railway Master Mechanic,January i, 1886. Willard A. Smith was publisher in 1886; theB. V. Crandall Company were publishers in 1889, followed bythe Railway Purchasing Agent Company, with E. N. Lewis asmanager. Walter D. Crosman appeared as editor February,1 890, and a few months later as manager of the editorial department;Waldo H. Marshall, editor, 1892-1895; Railway ListCompany, publishers, Walter D. Crosman, editor, 1896-1900.William E. McGraw became manager in 1900; Bruce A. Crandallhas been editor and publisher, 1900 to date, with variouseditors under him.JRAILWAY TIMES, 1877 to date (1881): A weekly, devoted to the interestsof railroads.REAL ESTATE JOURNAL AND WEEKLY BULLETIN, i878(?)- ( ?):Published by the Bulletin Printing Company.CHICAGO RIBBON REVIEW, March 24-October(?), 1878+: "Devotedto temperance, science, literature and art." Published weeklyby the Ribbon Publishing Company. In the thirty-secondnumber the name had been changed HtoCHICAGO REVIEW, +October(?), 1878 to date (1879): A weeklydevoted to temperance. W. C. Crum was editor and publisherin 1878. Charles C. M. Salvesen was editor and proprietor in1879-1880. HSCHIBBOLOTH, i878( ?)- - ( ?) : Published by Lindahl and Setterdahl.SENTINEL, 1878 to date (1881): A weekly Greenback paper. SeymourF. Norton was editor and publisher, 1879-1880.SOCIALIST, 1878: An English organ of the Socialist Labor party,

144 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSwith Frank Hirth as editor, and A. R. Parsons assistant editor.Because of party strife the paper failed within the year, and Parsonsbecame editor of Alarm.DAILY TELEGRAPH, March 2, iSyS-May 9, 1881+: Establishedby S. F. Norton as an organ of the Greenback-Labor party.After a few months William T. Collins purchased a large interestand made the paper Democratic. In the spring of 1881 theproperty was secured by the projectors of the Morning Herald.The last issue was dated May 9, 1881. The Herald began May10 with Frank W. Palmer as editor-in-chief, with Will D. Eatonas assistant, and J. W. Scott publisher and business manager.In 1882 Palmer retired; John F. Ballentyne became editor, withSlason Thompson and David Henderson assistants. Up to thistime the Herald had been Republican;it now became Independent,with Republican proclivities. In August, 1883, JohnR. Walsh bought a controlling interest, which he, with JamesW. Scott and A. F. Hatch, held until after 1892. With thischange in ownership the Herald became Democratic, with MartinJ. Russell as editor, assisted by Horatio W. Seymour. Aftertwo or three years Seymour became editor, and continued toserve as editor until March 4, 1895, when the Herald was combinedwith the Times, and the two were continued in the Times-Herald until March 28, 1901, when this paper was combinedwith the Record as Record-Herald. (See pp. 66, 127.)HTILSKUEREN, 1878 to date (1880) A Scandinavian paper published:monthly. Louis Pio was editor and publisher, 1879-1880.VERDENS GANG, 1878 to date: A Norwegian-Danish weekly Independentpaper. In 1880 Nels Sampson and Company wereeditors and publishers. The Verdens Gang Company werepublishers in 1907 and are still so.VOLKSFREUND, 1878 to date (1880): Published daily and Sunday.The Volksfreund Publishing Company were editors and publishersin 1880. Edward Runnel was managing editor in 1879.WESTERN ENTERPRISE, i878( ?)- ( ?): A monthly literary publication,edited and published by John J. Sullivan.WESTLICHE-SCHUTZE UND JAGD ZEITUNG, 1878- ( ?)A : monthlyGerman publication, devoted to sport. John J. Pinzel waseditor and publisher in 1878.WITNESS, 1878 to date (1881) An : evangelical weekly. Rev.Thomas J. Lamont was editor and publisher, 1879-1880.X. Y. L. N. T. JOUPNAL, i878(?)-- (?): Published by HenryDonohoe.ABBOTT'S UNITED STATES MONTHLY, 1879-1884.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 145-: An insurance publication, edited by Ira J., i879(?)-Mason.( ?)Although the issue for November 15, 1879 ig labeledvol. 12, no. i, there isnothing to indicate that any numberspreceded this one.HAGRICULTURE AND FAMILY GAZETTE, i879(?)-- (?): Mentionedonly in the directory for 1879. Ray Lespinasse was manager.AMATEUR'S JOURNAL, 1879-- (?): An amateur paper editedand published by Henry F. Donohoe.AMERICAN CONTRACTOR, 1879 to date: A monthly devoted to trade,especially to furnishing "advance reports of building projectsbefore the closing of contracts. B. Edwards and Company werepublishers, 1895; American Contractor Company in 1899. H.A. Beckel was editor, and the American Contractor PublishingCompany were publishers in 1907.AMERICAN GRAPHIC, 1879-1905: A society monthly.AMERICAN STOCKMAN, 1879 to date (1881): A stock journal, editedby E. W. Perry, published by the American Stockman Company;daily, semi- weekly, and weekly in 1880; weekly in 1881.BIBLE CLASS SCHOLAR, 1879 to date (1881): An evangelical quarterlypublication.BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, 1879 to date (1881):A trade monthly.J. Fred Waggoner was editor and publisher in 1879 and 1880.BUNDES BANNER, 1879 to date (1881): A German evangelicalmonthly. Rev. J. D. Severinghaus was editor; Severinghausand Company were publishers.CARNIVAL HERALD, April 15-29, 1879. An eight-page daily, publishedfor two weeks. Edited by Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert,and published in the interest of the Women's ChristianAssociation, Illinois Industrial School for Girls, Chicago Women'sChristian Temperance Union, Chicago Hospital forWomen and Children, Half Orphan Asylum, Foundlings' AidSociety.CATHOLIC NEWS, i879(?): Henry F. Donohoe was editor andpublisher.COMMERCIAL CHRONICLE, i879(?): M. T. Lane was editor.COMMERCIAL GRAPHIC, 1879 to date (1880): A weekly, edited andpublished by W. L. Fawcett.CONDUCTOR'S MAGAZINE AND REPOSITORY, i879(?): J. WardBoyles was editor.DAY SPRING, i879(?) to date (1880): A monthly of which F. H.Revell was editor and publisher.H

146 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDRUGGIST AND PAINT AND On, REVIEW, October, 1879--commercial monthly. G. H. Engelhard was editor, H. H. Chandler,manager.(?): AFACKEL, 1879 to date: A socialist publication, the Sunday editionof the Arbeiter-Zeitung. The item of chief interest connectedwith thib paper is its relation to the anarchist riots in 1886. JFAMALJE ALTARET, i879(?)-- (?) ^ev : - A. Hull was editor.FIGARO, 1879 to date (1880) A comic : paper, issued Sundays. PaulGeleff was editor and publisher.FIREMAN'S JOURNAL, i879(?) to date (1880): C. N. Bishop wasmanager.FOLKE-VENNEN, 1879 to date: A Norwegian Lutheran monthly,published by Rev. J. Z. Torgerson, 1879-1881. It was published,1881-1903, as a Dano-Norwegian non-sectarian weekly,by W. Mortenson and Company. Since 1903it has been continuedby the Folke-Vennen Publishing Company, with L. Crookas proprietor and editor.MORNING HERALD, March 17, 1879-- (?): According to Mosesand Kirkland, this paper introduced itself to "the Democrats ofChicago and the Northwest as a zealous championof theirprinciples and leaders." A copy of the first number is in thelibrary of the Chicago Historical Society. [This is not theMorning Herald that was consolidated with the Daily Telegraph.]HOURS OF :RECREATION, 1879-1881 A literary publication, issuedmonthly, except July and August. T. S. Dennison was editorand publisher in 1880. Classed as literary, but it was hardlya literary magazine, as it was made up chiefly of extracts forplatform speaking and reading; plays, debates, model letters,etc.ILLUSTRATED CHAMPION, 1879: "A journal of progress in theagricultural and mechanical arts," published without serialnumber by Warder, Mitchell, and Company in Springfield, Ohio,and Chicago. Its primary function was to advertise Championbinders.HCHICAGO ILLUSTRATED NEWS, September, 1879-- (

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 147ISRAELITISCHE PRESSE, i879(?) to date (i88o) : N.wablisher.B. EttelsohnJEWEL JOURNAL, November, 1879 to date (1881) Monthly. : HLADIES' OURNAL OF FASHIONS, i87p(?)-- (?): W. L. Crossarwas manager.LAKESIDE WATCH, 1879 * date (1880) A : monthly publication,devoted to mechanics. W. C. Vosburgh was editor and publisher.LIBRARY RECORD, October, i879-i884(?): Published, at intervalsof three weeks, in the interest of the Union Catholic Library Association.An earlier series, without serial numbers, was issuedin 1876 and 1877.LITERARY REVIEW, April, 1879-- (?): Edited and publishedmonthly by C. E. Walker, and intended to be a review of andan aid to the various literary societies of Chicago, of which theeditor estimated there were two hundred and fifty.At the beginningof the second volume the title was changed to Literaryand Musical Review, and a musical editor was added to the staff.HMERCHANTS' BULLETIN, i879(?) to date (1880):was publisher, 1879-1880.Jerome ChapmanMUSICAL BULLETIN, 1879 to date (1881).CNATIONAL HARNESS REVIEW, 1879 to date: A monthly publicationdevoted to saddlery and collateral trades. In 1881 it waschanged to a semi-monthly, but in January, 1899, it became amonthly paper again. Jefferson Jackson has been editor andpublisher from the beginning to date. The Review "is the oldestexclusive harness trade journal in the world."NEW OVERLAND TOURIST, i879(?)-- (?): Published by theOverland Publishing Company.NORTHWESTERN ILLUSTRATED MECHANICAL JOURNAL, i879(?):Listed only for 1879.PRAVDA, i879(?)-- (?): Published by Joseph Langmayer.-RAILWAY ADVERTISING BULLETIN, August 4. 1879- ( ?) A : dailyadvertising sheet, in the form of a newspaper, distributed gratuitouslyon the trains of four important railroads. C. H. Shaverwas editor and publisher.HREAL ESTATE AND MINING REVIEW, i879(?)-- (?): H. W. Westwas manager.SEWING MACHINE ADVANCE, 1879 to date: A monthly, devoted tosewing machine trade interests. Established by A. M. Leslieand Walter Scates (A.M. Leslie and .Company) Since the retire-H

i 48ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSment of Mr. Leslie in 1881, Mr. Scates has continued the publicationto date.SIGNAL, 1879 to date (1881) A : weekly devoted to temperance. Mrs.Mary B. Willard was editor and publisher in 1879.SOKOL AMERICKY, January 10, 1879 to date: A monthly paper,the official organ of the United Bohemian Gymnastic Associationsin the United States. Established under the editorshipof G. Reisl.^ Later editors have been J. Hajek and August Volensky,Jos. Cermak, Dr. K. Stulik, Ant. Haller. The editorialstaff in 1904 included Dr. J. Rudis Jiyinskc, Cedar Rapids,Iowa, managing editor; Jos. Cermak, Chicago, Ant. Haller,Chicago. With the same editorial organization, the paper hasbeen published since the beginning of 1909 by the National Printingand Publishing Company. The title means AmericanFalcon.SPIRITUAL RECORD, January, 1879 to date "(1880) Published under:the auspices of the First Society of Spiritualists of Chicago, containingdiscourses and poems through the mediumship of Mrs.Cora L. V. Richmond and other matter pertaining to the spiritualphilosophy." It was published by Griffen Brothers. CollinsEaton was secretary of the society.HWESTERN CLOTHING, FURNISHING, AND HAT REPORTER, 1879 todate (1881):Monthly, devoted to commercial interests. CharlesH. Moore was editor and publisher in 1880.WESTERN COLLEGE :MAGAZINE, 1879-January, 1906+ A monthly,devoted to inter-collegiate interests. In January. 1906, the namewas changed to the American Educational Review, and the scopeof the magazine broadened to include a treatment of the progressof higher education throughout the country. The magazineispublished by the American Educational Company.WESTERN CONFECTIONER AND BAKER, January, 1879 to date: Atrade monthly. This paper was started in 1875 as a price listfor a supply house. It gradually developed until it passed outof the hands of the supply house, and in January, 1879, appearedas a journal of instructive matter and general news to both confectioneryand baking interests. J. Thompson Gill was editorand publisher, 1879-1880. Later, the Thompson PublishingConcern bought the paper, which it has edited and publishedtodate, with T. O. Thompson as editor and manager. For severalyears past it has been devoted mainly to confectionery interests.The name seems to have become Confectioner and Bakerafter some years of the paper's existence.

CHICAGO, COOK COUNTY 149WESTERN DRUGGIST, 1879 to date: A monthly, devoted to pharmaceuticinterests. G. P. Engelhard and Company have beeneditors and publishers from 1879 to date. (See Pharmacist.')WESTERN EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL, 1879 to date (1881): A monthlyeducational journal. J. Fred Waggoner was editor and publisherin 1880.WESTERN MAGAZINE, +i879~March, 1882+ : It had been foundedthree years before at Omaha. Upon its being brought to Chicago,Mrs. Helen Elkin Starrett became the editor. It was,according to the sub-title, "a literary monthly." It containeddepartments designated as "Original" and "Eclectic,"devoted to literary and historical matters; also, later, a departmentcalled the "Club," consecrated to social and economicinterests. The broad and progressive policy of the magazinewon general approval, and when by merging with the Alliancein 1882 it added Rev. David Swing to its list of regular contributors,its outlook was more than ever promising. TheWeekly Magazine published its first number May 6, 1882, announcingthat "We have believed from the first that there isneed and a demand for a low-priced periodical to supply a kindof reading differing like the magazine from the newspapergreater deliberateness and earnestness, and yet without thosequalities of cumbrousness and extensiveness common to themagazines." Although many contributors of high rank wereengaged, under the same business management that ruined theAlliance, the new Weekly Magazine ended its career in bankruptcyin 1884.in itsWHWESTERN STATIONER AND PRINTER, 1879 (?): Published byJ. SawtellFord.WESTERN UNDERTAKER, 1879 to date : A monthly devoted to undertaking,embalming, funeral directing, sanitation, and kindredsubjects. Published by the F. H. Hill Company until it waspurchased by Herbert S. Fassett, who has been editor and publishersince March, 1897.YOUTH'S EVANGELIST AND LITTLE PREACHER, i879( ?) (?) A:Sunday school paper. Rev. A. T. McDill was editor; Morrison,McCoy and McDill were publishers. Several scattered numbersfor 1879 m tne Chicago Historical Society library are included involume 21, thus fixing the date of establishment as 1859. Sincethis paper is nowhere found dated earlier than 1879, it seemsprobable that it was founded elsewhere and moved to Chicagoin the late seventies.H

i S oILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHILLICOTHE, PEORIA COUNTYSUN, 1854-1855: Established by Mr. Hopkins. Issued weekly forabout twelve months, when the plant was moved away.INDEPENDENT, i856-i86i(?): Established by Samuel Jamison.After about two years Jamison was succeeded by Samuel Spellman,who continued publication two or three years, when theplant was moved away.CITIZEN, 1867-1870+ Established by :J. W. Wolff and H. Casson,Jr., who ran the paper three or four years and then turned it overto A. M. Gibbons, who changed the name to:DEMOCRAT, +1870-1872+ Conducted for about a year and a halfby A. M. Gibbons, when it becameTIMES, +1872-1874+: Established by Rev. Burdick, who ran ittwo years. Sold to Rev. S. H. Brown, who changed the name toCHRISTIAN GLEANER, +1874-1876: Sold to W. J. Luckens, whoran the paper until 1876.DEMOCRATIC UNION, 1872-1873: Conducted by Bell and Wilson.Printed at the office of the Lacon Statesman.REPORTER, i874-(after 1881): Spencer Ellsworth, editor and publisher,1875. Edited by J. L. Kennar and published by ReporterCompany, 1876-1879; L. Ballou, 1880; E. A. Mitchell, 1882;Frank Andrews, 1884. Printed at the office of the Lacon HomeJournal.CHRISMAN, EDGAR COUNTYENTERPRISE, December, 1875-1876: Established by Biddlecomeand Matheney. Suspended after a year.LEADER, i876-i878(?): Established by Jacobs and Thompson.Continued about eighteen months. Democratic.PROGRESS, 1878 : Established by Payne and Son. The elder Paynewas a Baptist minister.ADVANCE, i879~(after 1881) Independent.:CLAY CITY, CLAY COUNTYTIMES, i87Q-(after 1881) A local :paper, mentioned in Ayer's NewspaperDirectory for 1881.CLAYTON, ADAMS COUNTYSTANDARD, 1866 or 1 867(?) Established by Captain Ben W. Mc-:Coy. The issue for November 3, 1868, is vol. 4, no. 13, and waspublished by T. J. Mitchell. F. K. Strother was a later owner.Strongly Republican.(?): A paper edited by Dr. J. W. Potter.

CLINTON, DEWITT COUNTY 151JOURNAL, June, i868-i873(?) Published by O. L. and E. E. Newton.Rowell gives 1871 as date of establishment.:ADVANCE, 1872-1873: Ben W. McCoy, editor and publisher.ENTERPRISE, May, 1878 to date Established :by Rev. P. L. Turner.In November, 1879, he was succeeded by his sons, Charles E.and Frank Turner. In 1880 they sold to F. K. Strother and Son.Turner Brothers, then Tom L. Heirs, were later owners. J. L.Staker bought the paper inand has conducted it ever since.Independent.RECORD, 1879-- (?): Owned and published by J. E. Hartman.CLEMENT, (nowHUEY) CLINTON COUNTYREGISTER, i863-(after 1881) :A Republican paper issued from theoffice of the Carlyle Union Banner, and edited by J. W. Peterson.CLIFTON, IROQUOIS COUNTYWEEKLY, 1869-1870: J. Harlow, editor; Lowe and Gilson, publishers.Printed at the office of the Onarga Review.WEEKLY, 1873-1875: M. B. Parmenter, editor and publisher.REPORTER, 1875-1879: A. B. Cummings was editor and publisherin 1879. Printed at the office of the Chebanse Herald. Independent.ENTERPRISE, 1877: A semi-monthly Independent paper publishedby the .Enterprise Printing CompanyCLINTON, DEWITT COUNTYDEWITT COURIER, 1854-1857: Established and edited byS. H.McElheney and R. A. Mills, 1854-1855; Mr. Mills and A. J.Back, 1855; Russell F. Jones, 1855; Mr. Jones, editor and PaulWatkins publisher, 1855-1856; Mr. Watkins from 1856 until itwas destroyed by fire in 1857. The paper was neutral until1855; after that time Democratic.CENTRAL TRANSCRIPT, 1856-1862+ Edited :by John R. Blackfordand Isaac N. Coltrin, 1856-1857; Mr. Blackford, 1857; Mr.Coltrin and B. F. Jones, 1857-1858; Mr. Coltrin and W. De-Lay, 1858-1859; Mr. Coltrin and Joe Prior, 1859-1861; Mr.Coltrin and A. J. Blackford, 1861; Mr. Coltrin and James M.DeLay, 1861-1862; M. M. DeLevis and O. F. Morrison, 1862.These men consolidated it with the Pana Public and changed thename to the ClintonPUBLIC, Junei, i862-July 2, 1863 + : Formed by the consolidation ofthe Weekly Central Transcript with the Pana Public. Messrs. M.M. DeLevis and O. F. Morrison had purchased the Transcript,May 30, 1862, and, moving their office of the Pana Public to

152 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSClinton, June i, 1862, they continued publication of their paperas the Clinton Public. Coltrin was concerned in the editing ofthe paper, which soon was renamed theDsWiTT COUNTY PUBLIC AND CENTRAL TRANSCRIPT, +July 2,i863-i882(?): Mr. DeLevis was sole editor and proprietor.For some time after April, 1869 a Mr. Van Slyke had a halfinterest, but DeLevis reassumed complete control, which he keptuntil March 31, 1870, when he sold out to George B. Richardson.March i, 1872, the latter sold to Richard Butler, who was stilleditor and publisher in 1882. Republican in politics.DEWITT COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1858-1859: Edited by E. F. Campbelland E. D. King, 1838; William Fuller, 1858-1859. It wasdestroyed by fire. Democratic.VINDICATOR, 1858 Edited by :J. M. Prior in the interest of Douglas'selection. Its publication ceased after the campaign.UNION, 1863: Established by Joseph M. Prior, August 20, 1863;neutral in politics. Publication was abandoned after severalmonths.TIMES, May n, 1866-1867: Established by A. J. Bell andThomas J. Sharp. Democratic in politics. August 17, 1866,Mr. Bell retired and Mr. Sharp continued publication until thespring of 1867, when he removed the press and material to Maroa,Macon county, and there issued the Maroa Times.DEWITT REGISTER, 1868-1870+: Established May 29, 1868, byJason Blackford, who remained in charge until November 27,1868; William L. Glessner, editor, and C. C. Stone, publisher,November 27, i868-September 15, 1873; they changed thename toCLINTON REGISTER, +1870 to date: It was continued by Glessnerand F. M. Van Lue, September 15, i873-August 7, 1874;Glessner, August 7, i874-October i, 1881; H. Waggoner andSon, October i, i88i-September 28, 1885, when they were succeededby Hughes Brothers (G. W. and Perry Hughes). N. R.Hughes succeeded Perry Hughes January i, 1904, and the paperhas been continued under the firm name of Hughes Brothers.Democratic in politics.UTEMPERANCE GAZETTE, October 17, 1869-- (?).DEWITT COUNTY GAZETTE, March 28, 1875: Established by JoeM. Prior. The office was closed after six months. Republican.The material was purchased at auction by Mr. Anderson, andwas used by him in starting theU

COULTERVILLE, RANDOLPH COUNTY 153DEWITT COUNTY MESSENGER, 1875: After a brief existence thispaper was discontinued and the office moved by Anderson toWindsor, Shelby county. Therefrom was issued May 25, 1875,the Windsor Sentinel.COBDEN, UNION COUNTYENTERPRISE, 1877: Charles E. Judy, publisher. Independent.COLCHESTER, McDONOUGH COUNTY:INDEPENDENT, i873~(after 1882) H. H. Stevens was editor andpublisher in 1882. Greenback, then Independent.COLLINSVILLE, MADISON COUNTYARGUS, 1871-1880 The Union :Publishing Company were proprietorsand A. W. Angier, editor. At the end of the first volume L. D.Caulk became editor; the paper was then owned by the CollinsvillePublishing Company. Caulk was succeeded by AntonNeustadt, who became editor and proprietor. In 1878 Connollyand Johnson became proprietors. In 1879 Connollyretired ;in eight months publication was suspended. Republicanuntil 1878, then Independent.LIBERAL DEMOCRAT, 1872-1878: Started by A. W. Angier. In1878 the presses were moved to Edwardsville. Democratic. UWEEKLY HERALD, i879~(after 1884):James N. Peers was the firsteditor and publisher. In 1882 edited by William A. Garasche;in 1884 by James N. Peers. Independent.COMMERCE, HANCOCK COUNTYTIMES AND SEASONS : See Nauvoo.COMPTON, LEE COUNTYRECORD, i878-(after 1884): Established March (?), 1878, by E.G. Cass and J. B. Gardner. Printed at the office of the LeeCounty Times, Paw Paw. The paper has been discontinued.CORNELL VILLE, LIVINGSTON COUNTYVERMILLION NEWS, 1871 F. D. Dalton was editor and publisher.:Printed at the office of the Streator Monitor. Independent.:JOURNAL, 1873 T. W. Coe was editor. Printed at the office of theWenona Index.COULTERVILLE, RANDOLPH COUNTYCHRONICLE, 1879-1880+ Established by John A. Wall. The:office equipment was brought from Pinckneyville. In 1880 itpassed into the hands of Messrs. McFie and Childs, who changedthe name to Headlight. McFie's interest was purchased by hispartner.

154 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCOWDEN, SHELBY COUNTYHERALD, 1876: J. F. Horner and Son were editors and publishers.CRESTON, OGLE COUNTYTIMES, 1872-1886: Established by Isaac B. Beckford, editor andpublisher, who retired in 1874, and it was managed for severalmonths by L. H. Post of the DeKalb News. In 1875 Dr. H. C.Robbins became editor and publisher. In 1877 he sold to D. C.Needham, who a few months later sold to Granville W. Morris.The Times list went to the Rochelle Herald in 1886. Independent.CRETE, WILL COUNTYENTERPRISE, December, 1875 to date (1878) Established and conductedby C. E. Carter; later by Carter Brothers; then by:Carter and Tillotsen. "It isIndependent in politics and religion."DAKOTA, STEPHENSON COUNTYFARMERS' ADVOCATE, 1873-1875 "The official organ of the Reform:movement in Stephenson county." T. J. Allen was editor andpublisher.DALLAS CITY, HANCOCK COUNTYSTAR OF DALLAS, 1859-1861: Its first editor was Francis Ashton,and the second was Mr. Trueblood. It supported the nominationof Douglas for President.HANCOCK DEMOCRAT, 1869-1872: Removed from Carthage by G.M. Child in 1869, and continued by him until his death. It wasrevived for a short time in 1872-1873 by J. F. Taylor.ADVOCATE, 1875- (?): Established by Mason and Murphy.Sold in June, 1876, to Walter B. Loring.SUCKER STATE, 1874: Established by Penn Harris. Only two numbersissued. Democratic.MONITOR, - ( ?)- ( ?) : Issued by W. C. Brown. Continuedfor only a few months.NEWS, April, 1878 to date (1880) : An Independent paper conductedby E. H. Thomas.DANA, LA SALLE COUNTYLOCAL TIMES, 1874: Established by W. Pritchett. Short-lived.Republican.HERALD, 1876 to date (1881) In 1879 edited and published by W.:Pritchett; R. M. Pritchett, 1880. An edition for Dana of theMinonk (Woodford county) Blade.

DANVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTY 155DANVERS, MCLEAN COUNTYDr. D. C.INDEPENDENT, March 1879- (?): Established byGideon and George Bunn, editors and owners. Soon after thefirst issue Mr. Bunn withdrew, leaving Dr. Gideon sole editorand proprietor. Suspended before 1882.DANVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTYENQUIRER, i833~(after 1837) Its first editor appears to have been:John S. Williams. In the years 1836 and 1837 Messrs. Delayand Loveless appear as editors. There is an incompletefile ofthis paper in the Danville Public Library.PPATRIOT, about 1847: A Whig paper edited by D. Clapp. Listedin Illinois Annual Register for 1847.ILLINOIS CITIZEN, 1849-- (?): A Whig paper established by J.Hollingsworth later it was edited ; by A. Y. Harrison. Mentionedin Gerhard for 1856, and in Coggeshall for the same year.INDEPENDENT, 1856- (?): Among its editors were Messrs.McKinley and Blackford ; J. B. McKinley and J. E. Lemon. P;VERMILLION COUNTY PRESS, 1857 (?):Among its editors wereJames D. Kilpatrick, 1858; Messrs. Kilpatrick and Lemon,1859; James D. Kilpatrick, 1859. Vols. 2 and 3 are in the DanvillePublic Library. PSPECTATOR, 1859-- (?) : Its editor was A. J. Adams. PCOMMERCIAL, 1866-1903+ Edited by Park T. Martin; published:by the Commercial Company. A daily edition was establishedin 1878. In 1882 P. C. Cronkhite was editor. In 1903 theCommercial was merged with the News as the Commercial Newsand John H. Harrison became editor. Republican. A completefile is owned by John H. Harrison. PITTIMES, 1868 to date (1879):Edited and published by A. G. Smith.A daily edition was established in 1875. Independent. PUADVERTISER, 1869:C. Holton.A monthly advertising sheet issued by RobertARGUS, 1871-1874: Established by R. C. Holton. Edited and publishedby Miller and Conlin, 1873; Argus Company, 1874.Democratic.SIEGE, 1873: Established by W. R. Jewell, editor and publisher.Republican. Semi-monthly.NEWS, 1873-1903+: Established by W. R. Jewell and edited byhim until, in 1903, the News and Commercial were merged as theCommercial News, with John H. Harrison as editor. Published

156 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSby the Illinois Printing Company until 1890; then by W. R.Jewell, who became sole proprietor. A daily edition was begunin 1876.PDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, April, 1877, to date: Established by Carl C.Winter and published and edited by him until his death in 1897,when his widow, Mrs. Anna Winter, became owner and publisher.In 1898 she sold the paper to Carl Weipert, who died in 1900. Itwas then bought by Walter J. Grant and M. F. Keegan. Afternumerous changes William E. Bryant took charge as editor andmanager in 1907 and owner in 1910. Independent.NATIONAL ERA, 1878 to date (1879): Edited and published by WilliamE. Livengood. Greenback.POST, 1878-- (?): Jacobs and Thompson were editors andpublishers. In 1880 W. M. Bandy was editor; Danville PostCompany, publishers. Democratic.FARMERS' ADVOCATE, 1870-1871 Lyman Guinipp was editor and:publisher of this short-lived advertising sheet.MESSENGER 1875: J. W. Biddlecome and Company were editorsand publishers. Semi-monthly.SUNDAY BOURBON, 1879: Phocian Howard was editor and publisher.Democratic.DAVIS, STEPHENSON COUNTYGAZETTE, 1870-1872: Edited and published by Allen and Snyder,1871; edited by W. A. Colby, published by Colby Brothers,1872.BUDGET, 1873-1877 Edited and published by Stabeck and :Phillips,1874; K. T. Stabeck, editor and publisher, 1875; StabeckBrothers, 1876. In 1877it was published by Stabeck Brotherssimultaneously at Davis and Freeport.REPUBLICAN, 1873-1874: Established by T. A. Allen,editor andpublisher.REVIEW, 1878 to date (1879): In 1879 edited and published by S.W. Tallman.DAVIS JUNCTION, OGLE COUNTYENTERPRISE, 1876: Established bylong-lived.S. S. Tucker and Son. NotDECATUR, MACON COUNTYGAZETTE, June, 1851-1865+: Published and edited by JamesShoaff, 1851-1856, during a part of the time as Shoaff's FamilyGazette; later by A. J. Davis and Isaac N. Underwood; Mr.Davis and James P. Boyd. In 1864 Mr. Davis sold to Lewis

DECATUR, MACON COUNTY 157Cass, who took in J. J. Strong as printer this arrangement stoodone year. The Gazette commenced a daily issue in 1856, but soonabandoned it because it could not compete with the Chronicle,which circulated 500 copies gratis. In 1865it was sold to W.J. Usrey of the Chronicle, and the paper appeared under the nameof the Gazette and Chronicle until 1871, when the office was closed.Then W. L. Hammer purchased it, and in 1872 changed thename to the Tribune and made Mr. A. H. Gorman editor. Itwas united with the Magnet in 1874. In 1856itgaveits influenceto the cause of Democracy, but became Republican on thebreaking out of the Civil War. Copies are owned by T. B.Shoaff, including no. 13, September, 1851.SFILLINOIS STATE CHRONICLE, 1855-1865+: Established by CharlesH. Wingate and William J. Usrey. Mr. Wingate retired early.Under Messrs. Hamsher and Mosser its publication was suspended,1862-1863, and was revived in 1863 by Mr. Usreyand J. N. Underwood. Mr. Underwood retired in 1864, and in1865 Mr. Usrey joinedit to the Gazette. The political purposeof the paper was to unite the remnants of the Whig and Know-Nothing parties and all other opponents of the Democratic partyon one platform. In the campaign of 1856 the Chronicle wasprinted daily, and the daily issue was resumed in 1868. HGAZETTE AND CHRONICLE, -l-July, 1865-1871: William J. Usreywas editor and publisher.DEMOCRAT, 1856-1857+: Published by leading Democrats withEli Hosea as editor. Changed toHERALD, +1857-- (?)+ Its editors were Elam Rust and son,:George W. W.; J. Chenoweth and George W. Rust; Mr. Chenowethand James Brent. It was removed to Pana, Illinois, byMilan S. Beckwith.PMAGNET, 1858-1874: Published by P. B. Shepherd, who as editorwas assisted by John Ryan; published by Henry C. Bradsbywith James Shoaff as editor, 1859-1861 E. N. Buck and I. N.;Underwood, 1861-1862; James Shoaff 11862-1868, jMr. Shoaffand Asa Miller, 1868-1871; Miller and Addis, 1871-1874. Itwas Democratic in principle from 1862 and during Mr. Shoaff'sconnection with it. It was consolidated with the Tribune in1874 and was known as the Magnet and Tribune.DAILY EMPRISE, 1859-- (?): Short-lived. Established by Messrs.Buck and Underwood. It was printed in the Chronicle office.BOY ABOUT TOWN, 1864: Edited by T. B. Shoaff, published fromthe office of the Magnet. Its motto was, "The Union must bepreserved," but it contained mostly local matter. It lived only1A part of this time Mr. Shoafi spent in the war.

158 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSa few months. A copy dated Saturday, February 6, 1864, isowned by T. B. Shoaff of Shelby ville.TRIBUNE, 1 864-1 866(?): Established by Joseph M. Prior, whosold, a half interest in 1865 to I. N. Coltrin. After severalchanges of ownership the office was closed in the winter of 1865-1866.REPUBLICAN, August, 1867-1899: Established by W. M. Stanleyand J. R. Mosser. Stanley sold to B. K. Hamsher in October,1867, when the firm of Hamsher and Mosser was formed, whichcontinued until August 26, 1899. A daily issue was begun inApril i, 1872. In 1899 its subscription list was transferred tothe Review, which became an afternoon publication. The plantwas bought by the Herald-Despatch Company.PDEMOCRAT, July, 1868-18704- : Established as a campaign paperby a stock company, with J. H. Martin as editor. Suspendedin December, but was leased by W. H. Addis and revived in May,1869, as a permanent paper, with James M. Irwin as editor.Samuel Pike became editor and part owner in 1870, and thename was changed toPIKE'S DEMOCRAT, -(-August, 1870-1871: W. H. Addis was manager,and Pike was editor until February, 1871, when he retired.The Sunbeam (q. v.) was absorbed May 18, 1871, and a dailyissue was begun. Publication was suspended in November,1871.morning daily establishedA SUNBEAM, January ig-May 18, 1871 :by Merrill and A. M. Dashiell. It was absorbed May 18 bythe Democrat.ILLINOIS VOLKSBLAT, July, 1871-1872: A German paper that continuedbut a few months. Bernhardt and Krumme were editorsand publishers, 1871; T. F. Bernhardt, 1872.ZEITUNG, - (?) (?): A German paper, issued from theGazette and Chronicle office, that had but brief existence.REVIEW, April, 1872 to date: Founded by Rev. Alfred Wuench asan Independent weekly. It later became an advocate of theGranger movement, and still later was made Democratic. In1874 Wuench leased to John Lindsey and D. J. Block; afterone year Alfred F. Wuench took Block's place. W. H. Bayibought the paper in June, 1876, and in November began a dail;issue which was discontinued after two months, to be resum

DECATUR, MACON COUNTY 159:TRIBUNE, March, 1872+ The second paper of this name; startedby A. H. Gorman and John A. Brown, with W. L. Hammer aspart owner. It was consolidated in 1874 with theand becameMagnet,MAGNET AND TRIBUNE, + June, 1874-1875+: It was publishedby the Magnet and Tribune Company, composed of Asa Miller,A. H. Gorman, George Sylvester, and W. L. Hammer. Millerwas editor, and the paper was Democratic in politics.and weekly. It became theDailyTRIBUNE, + March-December, 1875: Published by the DecaturTribune Company, with L. M. Andrews as editor and financialmanager until 1875. S. S. Jack was editor in 1875; the paperchanged hands several times and was suspended at the end ofthe year. It was Democratic, but fairly Independent in tone.WEEKLY SUN, February, 1875:who sold to G. F. Kimball.Established by Leonidas H. Tupper,TIMES, January, 1876-1877: Established by S. S. Jack and G. F.Kimball as the Decatur Times Company. After four monthsKimball bought out Jack and abandoned the daily. It was publishedsemi-weekly through the campaign of 1876. It wasmerged in the Sun in April, 1877. Independent with Democratictendencies. Daily and weekly.WHIP AND SPUR, May-November, 1876: A campaign paper issuedby G. F. Kimball from the Times office to present the ideas ofthe Greenback party. It dealt largely in personalities.TEMPERANCE BUGLE, September, 1876: Another ephemeral paperissued by G. F. Kimball.SUN, January, 1877-1879 A :daily established by Alfred F. Wuenchand Howard Montressor, who continued it until April, whenthey sold to G. F. Kimball. In May, 1879, he leased the establishmentto Joseph Prior and Alfred F. Wuench, who changedits political tone to Republican. They abandoned it in Julyand sold the outfit to Kimball.DEMOCRATIC ERA, July-October, 1877: Edited and published byG. F. Kimball and John Lindsey.SATURDAY HERALD, October, 1879-1880+: Established by C. N.Walls. Independent. In February, 1880, it was bought byH. W. Rowell and W. H. Addis, who made its politics Republican.V. N. Hosteller and E. S. Ela leased the plant in October,1880, and started the Daily Herald, February, 1880 to date.A Republican paper. In August, 1881, Ela sold to F. H. Hall.In March, 1890, Hostetler purchased Hall's interest and theHerald was united with the Despatch. The Herald-Despatch

160 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCompany was organized and published the paper under thename Daily Herald-Despatch until 1899, when Owen Scott,W. F. Calhoun, and B. K. Hamsher purchased Hostetler'sinterest and changed the name back to Daily Herald, underwhich name it has since been published. As a part of this transaction,Calhoun and Hamsher, who owned the Republican,suspended its publication, transferring the machinery to theHerald and the subscription list to the Daily Review. TheHerald also absorbed the daily News about the same time. In1904 F. S. Dodd purchased B. K. Hamsher's interest, and laterin the same year, F. S. Dodd and W. F. Calhoun purchasedOwen Scott's interest.DEKALB, DE KALB COUNTYWESTERN WORLD AND DEKALB REVIEW, October 2, 1857-1860:A Republican paper edited and published by Lindley M . AndrewsḞDE KALB COUNTY SENTINEL, i859-i86i(?):Copies in the SycamorePublic Library.CHRONICLE, 1879 to date: Edited by Clinton Rosette, 1879 to datePublished by D. W. Tyrell and Company, 1879; J. F. Gliddenand later J. F. Glidden Publishing Company, July, 1879 to date.Advocated " free trade, a uniform currency, state rights and personalliberty," and is still Democratic.DE KALB COUNTY NEWS, 1867- (after 1882): Aaron K. Stiles waseditor, J. J. Bassett publisher, in 1869; L. H. Post, 1870 to after1882. Apparently discontinued about 1 883. Republican. Copiesin the Sycamore Public Library.UBARB CITY TELEGRAPH, 1877- (before 1881) Barb City Publishing:Company is given as editors and publishers in Rowell for 1879.Neutral.DELAVAN, TAZEWELL COUNTYADVERTISER, 1868 to date: Established by C. R. Fisk and continuedtill the death of Fisk, which occurred in December, 1869.Revived in April, 1870, by John Culbertson and still conductedby him. Under Fisk the paper was Independent in politics;in the campaign of 1872 it supported Charles O'Connor for president,and has since continued Democratic, although it has notsupported Bryan. Files in the office of the Chicago NewspaperUnion.INDEPENDENT, 1869-1873:in 1869-1873.C. B. Ketcham was editor and publisherUREPUBLICAN, i869( ?)--( ?) : Weekly.

DIXON, LEE COUNTY 161TIMES, September, 1874- (after 1884): Established by Joe F. Reed,who later sold to Guy Beatty. In 1882 it was run by Boyd andQuidley in; 1884 by A. C. Boyd. It was absorbed by the Press,Republican.UDESOTO, JACKSON COUNTYFARMER, 1855-1857: Edited by James Hull, 1855-1856; John A.Hull, 1856-1857. The latter editor moved it to Carbondale asthe Transcript (which see).COOK COUNTYDES PLAINES,COOK COUNTY RECORD, 1878-1880: Edited by F. W. Hoffman;published by Record Publishing Company.DIXON, LEE COUNTYTELEGRAPH, May, 1851 to date: Founded by Charles R. Fisk, whoretired soon after. The paper had a number of owners for afew weeks. It was taken charge of in the fall of 1851 by B. F.Shaw, 1 and purchased early in 1852 by John V. Eustace. Thelatter became editor and Mr. Shaw publisher. April, 1854, Mr.Eustace retired and Mr. Shaw became sole proprietor and continuedso until 1859. He was part owner most of the time from1859 until 1870, when he again became editor, and continuededitor and proprietor until his death, September 18, 1909. In1857 the Telegraph was combined with the Republican for a fewmonths. (See Republican.} In December, 1869, the DixonWeekly Herald was merged with the Telegraph, which retainedits name. In November, 1883, the Evening Telegraph was begunby B. F. Shaw and continued until his death. The weeklyedition of the Telegraph became semi-weekly in 1899, with B.F. Shaw as editor, and his son Eustace Shaw as publisher; thelatter died September 5, 1902. Republican in politics.HTRANSCRIPT, 1854-1857+: Established by Charles Allen. Publishedin 1856 by Stevens and Johnson. After several changesof ownership, it became the Republican in 1857. It had beenDemocratic in politics.REPUBLICAN, 1857-1859+ Published by Beckwith and : Legget. Itwas joined to the Telegraph with Shaw and Beckwith as proprietors.Subsequently it passed under the management of I.for a few months.S. Boardman and Company1B. P. Shaw was in the newspaper business in Illinois, except for about sixmonths, from 1848 to 1909. In 1848 he began as an apprentice in the office of theRock Island Advertiser, where he remained until the spring of 1851, when he tookcharge of the Dixon Telegraph and Lee County Herald, as editor and publisher.His connection with that paper is indicated above. He was active as editor untila short time before his death, September 18, 1909.

162 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDAILY WHISPER, June, 1855 Established by John D. Mackay.A : small sheet issued irregularly, and for only a short time.FREMONTER, July-November, 1856: A Republican campaignpaper conducted by James H. Boyd, George Hudson, and B.F. Shaw.MONITOR, 1858-1859: Published by Charles Meigs. Failed inNovember, 1858. E. B. Styles, J. V. Eustace and L. W. Athertonthen bought the paper and prolonged its existence until 1859.ADVERTISER, 1858-1859: Edited by Eustace, Styles, and Atherton.Some time within his proprietorship of the Telegraph Boardmanand Company purchased the press and material of the Advertiser.WEEKLY HERALD, February, 1868-1869: Established byA. C.Bardwell. December, 1869, it was united with the Telegraph.Mr. Bardwell retired in June, 1871, having served for a timeafter the combination as editor of the Telegraph, and being succeededby B. F. Shaw.LEE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, July, 1868-1872+: Established by E.Giles. S. C. Postlewait was first editor and subsequently pro-W. M. Kennedy became proprietor and Eugene Pinck-prietor.ney, editor, November, 1871.It was changed to theSUN, March 5, 1872 to date: Established by W. M. Kennedy.After his death his widow, Inez Kennedy, conducted the paperuntil January, 1894, when she sold to J. T. Day. T. W. andE. C. Fuller became proprietors November 3, 1895; they soldto the Dixon Sun Company, October, 1906. Daily startedDecember 23, i893-February 24, 1894; October 15, 1894, todate. Weekly, changed to semi- weekly November, 1899. Democratic.LIFE IN DIXON, December, 1868-- (?): Established by JamesH. Boyd. Noah Brooks, W. W. Curtiss, Jason C. Ayers and B.F. Shaw were contributors.ROCK RIVER FARMER, January, 1871-1875+: Established byW. M. Kennedy. William H. Von Epps and W. B. Raynorwere successive editors. Monthly. Changed toWESTERN FARMER, +June, i875-i883(?): In 1879 W. M. Kennedywas editor and publisher. Discontinued between 1882 and 1884.Monthly.DOLTON, COOK COUNTYSUHUDOLTON-RIVERDALE REVIEW,-1875-:(?) Charles A. Feistcornwas editor and publisher. Issued from the office of the BlueIsland Herald.

DuQUOIN, PERRY COUNTY 163DUNDEE, KANE COUNTYADVOCATE, 1859-- (?): Established by E. J. Farnum. Shortlived.WEEKLY, 1866-1871: Established by P. D. Swick; succeeded byC. P. Thew and R. B. Brickley.STAR, 1867-- (?): Established by P. D. Swick, who was editorand publisher in 1869.REPUBLICAN,- (?)-- (?): Mentioned in Rowell for 1869with no report. Listed by Cook and Coburn, 1869, as a weekly.CITIZEN, 1875-1876+ Formerly the Algonquin Citizen. Established:by George Earlie. Removed to Elgin and later published asElgin Free Press.RECORD, 1877 (?) Issued by S. L. Taylor. The : editor, Dr.E. T. Cleveland, purchased the paper, and continued it forseveral years before it died.DUNLEITH, JO DAVIESS COUNTYCOMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, June, i857~May, 1861 The first five:numbers were printed by Flaver Brothers in Dubuque. AfterAugust 12, printed by E. R. Paul in Dunleith, with FlaverBrothers still partly interested. They soon sold to J. R. Flynn.He soon retired, leaving Paul sole owner. United with theGalena Courier.DuQUOIN, PERRY COUNTYMINING JOURNAL, 1858-- (?): Edited by Paul Watkins. Atfirst it was Republican in sentiment but became Democraticunder the proprietorship of Alonzo Bennett. Its publication wassuspended during the war.TRIBUNE, 1863 to date Established :by A. J. Alden, and published forseveral years by Alden and Berry. In 1867 this paper " absorbed"the Recorder, and for about six months the combination wasknown as Tribune and Recorder. Then the name Tribune wasreassumed. In 1870 Alden 's interest was sold to J. T. Beemand C. P. Richards; in 1874 Berry retired; in 1887 John T.Beem became sole owner and editor and remains so. Republican.Files in the office.STARS AND STRIPES, 1864-1865+: Edited and published by J. D.Mondy. After a few weeks George O. Ash, and A. B. Bennetttook charge of the paper. In eight months they were succeededby W. A. Ballard and Company J. E. Bowen was the " Company."In eight months more Bowen retired, and Ballardchanged the name to

164 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRECORDER, +1865-1867+ In 1867 sold to R. Berry, who formed a:partnership with A. J. Alden of the Tribune, and the two wereconsolidated.PROGRESS, 1865-1 868(?) Established by : J. E. Bowen. At Bowen'sdeath in 1868 the paper was published fora short time by hisbrother, Frank Bowen. The office was afterward sold and removedto Pinckneyville. Democratic.REPUBLICAN, 1871-1873: Established by Messrs. Kimball andTaylor of Belleville. Frank R. O'Neil was editor and manager.In 1873it failed simultaneously with the Union Newspaper Companyof Belleville, of which Kimball and Taylor were proprietors.NEWS, 1874-1875: Established by Thomas K. Willoughby. Independent.In 1875it was removed to Pinckneyville. (SeeIndependent.)PERRY COUNTY PRESS, 1879-1882: L. B. Laurence was editor;Curlee Brothers were publishers.DURAND, WINNEBAGO COUNTYWINNEBAGO COUNTY ADVERTISER, 1869: Established by M. G.Sheldon.PATRIOT, 1875 to date (1879) In 1879 :it was edited and published byCharles E. Griswold. Independent, then Republican in politics.ENTERPRISE, 1875 : J. Noonan Phillips and Henry Rulison wereeditors; J. N. Phillips was publisher.DWIGHT, LIVINGSTON COUNTYSTAR, 1868 to date: Established by C. M. Palmer, who was editorand publisher until at least 1879. In 1891 William G. Dustinbecame editor. In 1893 the subsciiption list of the Herald, anew paper, was purchased, and the name changed to Star andHerald. In 1906it was owned by William G. Dustin and A. S.Holbrook. In the firm of Dustin and Holbrook, the former iseditor, the latter publisher. Republican in politics. Files inoffice.WESTERN POSTAL REVIEW, i875-i883(?): In 1879 H A. .Kenyonwas editor; C. L. Palmer, publisher. Suspended between 1882and 1884. Monthly. HCOMMERCIAL, 1877 to date (1881): In 1879 C. M. Cyrus was editorand publisher.COURIER, 1 869( ?) ( ?) : Weekly.EARLVILLE, LA SALLE COUNTYGAZETTE, 1868-1883: Established and edited by C. B. Signer; continueduntil 1883. Republican.

EAST ST. LOUIS, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 165TRANSCRIPT, 1875 or 1876: Established and edited by Afonzo J.G rover, who made it "the vehicle for all his favorite ideas onhuman progress and elevation," thus winning a "national reputation"for what was "only a local paper." It lived three orfour years.EAST ST. LOUIS, ST. CLAIR COUNTYAMERICAN BOTTOM GAZETTE, 1841-1844: Edited by Sumrix andJarrott. The office was destroyed by a flood in I844. 1SUNDAY HERALD, May, 1865: Established by James L. Fawcettand issued on Saturdays.GAZETTE, June, 1866 to date: Established by John B. Bowmanand controlled by him until his death, November, 1885; editedand published by John Macauley and Joseph Crabb. Crabbsoon sold to Louis Straub. In 1871 a stock company bought thepaper, which was conducted by William O'Neil, editor and publisher.John Macauley became publisher in 1873; he alsoedited the paper with the assistance of James W. Kirk. In 1874William O'Neil again controlled the paper, with James W. Kirkas editor. John Haps published and James W. Kirk edited itin 1876. H. D. O'Brien was editor and publisher from 1877to 1880. Established as a weekly; a tri-weekly was begun in1876, and a daily was published for a short time in 1877. It isnow published as a weekly by John H. Suess.UHERALD, i869(?) (?): Given in the 1869 Rowell directory.PEOPLE'S GAZETTE, 1871-1872+ : Owned and published by a stockcompany, with various members as editor until 1872, when aMr. Saltiel acquired it and changed the name toHeW. B. Fairchild.PRESS, +1872-1877: Saltiel was succeeded byyielded to Mr. Smith in 1874, and in 1875 H. D. O'Brien boughtit. In 1877 he merged it in the Gazette. A daily was issued fora few months in 1874. UNATIONAL STOCK YARD REPORTER, November, 1873-1874: Establishedby John Haps and Company. Only three numbers werepublished in 1873. It was revived to the extent of two numbersin 1880.ST. CLAIR TRIBUNE, February, 1875-1876: Established by Willis"E. Finch and Brother. Republican, Protestant and Progressive."Discontinued after one year.ST. Louis RAILWAY WORLD, 1876-1877: Established by H. D.O'Brien, who after a year sold to a similar publication in St.Louis, Missouri.*See Illinoistown and footnote, p. 202.

166 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTHE NATIONAL, August, 1878: A paper established by ArchibaldA. Hamilton to advocate financial reform, especially theories offiatmoney. Short-lived.THE FUTURE GREAT, 1878: An amateur paper, established bySikking and Jackiven. Popular, but short-lived.DOT PAPER, 1878: A short-lived imitation of the Carl Pretzel idealofjournalism.HERALD, March, i878-(after 1895): Established by Harney andTissier ;edited by Maurice F. Tissier from 1 883 ( ?) . Democratic.WESTERN LIVE STOCK JOURNAL, July, 1879 (?): Establishedby H. D. O'Brien, with Y. M. Langdon as editor and part owner.In 1880 Langdon bought O'Brien's interest, and in 1881 soldit to S. J. E. Rawling. Apparently discontinued before 1882.EDWARDSVILLE, MADISON COUNTYSPECTATOR, 1819-1826: Edited by Hooper Warren, assisted byGeorge Churchill, 1819-1825 Thomas;Lippincott and JeremiahAbbott, 1825-1826. It was the third paper published in theState. The Spectator strongly opposed the convention of 1824."It was the first distinctively anti-slavery paper ever publishedin the State." 1 Vol. 3, no. 141, February 19, 1822, is in theoffice of the Republican. The last number was issued October20, 1826. EMHASTAR OF THE WEST, 1822-1823+ Published by Miller and :Stine,who represented the leading Democratic citizens of the place.It was the fourth paper then published in the State these inthe order of establishment were the Intelligencer, Vandalia;Gazette, Shawneetown ; Spectator and Star of the West, Edwardsville.After six months the Star of the West went into the handsof Thomas J. McGuire and Company, who issued the MLike the Star of theILLINOIS REPUBLICAN, +i823~July 28, 1824:West, the Republican was pro-slavery. During the conventioncontest, April, 1822, to August, 1824, Judge Theophilus W. Smithand Emanual J. West were the leading editors, who endeavoredto counteract the influence of the Spectator.ILLINOIS CORRECTOR, 1827-1828: Edited by R. K. Fleming, who,in 1828, moved back to Kaskaskia and published the Reporter.It was a pro-slavery paper and strongly supported Jackson forpresident.CRISIS, April 1 4-February, 1 831+: Edited by S.S. Brooks; evidentlythe mouthpiece of Theophilus W. Smith.2 After thirty-fournumbers the name was changed toH1Washburn, Edwards Papers, 3290.'See Sidney Breeze to Ninian Edwards, in Washburn, Edwards Papers, 544.SMH

EDWARDSVILLE, MADISON COUNTY 167ILLINOIS ADVOCATE, +February, 1831-1832+ Established, :edited,published by John York Sawyer and Jonathan Angevine, theestablishment passed into the hands of John York Sawyer.J. Angevine was associated with Mr. Sawyer for a year.When Mr. Angevine retired, William Peach became a partner,Sawyer removed the establishment in December, 1832, to Vandalia,the State capital. Mr. Sawyer merged the Western Plowboyin the Advocate, and in 1839 the paper was removed to Springfield.Sturdily Democratic-Republican in politics (See StateHMRegister.)WESTERN PLOUGHBOY, January i, i83i-January 17, 1832: Anagricultural paper edited and published by John York Sawyer,and issued semi-monthly, except that one month elapsed betweenthe second and third numbers. Twenty-five numbersof eight two-column pages were issued, after which the paperwas merged in the Advocate, one page of which was thereaftergiven up to such agricultural matters as had previously appearedin the Ploughboy. This was the second agricultural paperissued west of the Alleghanies ;it was the first in Illinois." Whenit is recollected that only one agricultural paper (the WesternTiller) is printed west of the Alleghanies, and that most of theworks on agriculture treat generally on the manner of improvingthe soil rather than selecting the most profitable crop, it will beseen that we have engaged in no trifling affair." (Item, March12, 1832.) The paper was printed by S. S. Brooks in the Advocateoffice. A file, lacking the first number, is in the library atthe University of Illinois.MUWESTERN WEEKLY MIRROR, 1838-1840+ Edited :by James Ruggles,and devoted to the introduction and propagation of a universallanguage. Changed toSOVEREIGN PEOPLE, +1840-1841 Edited :by James Ruggles.MADISON COUNTY RECORD, 1850-1851: The first editors andpublishers were Dallam and Ruggles; next Ruggles and L. E.Smith ;next Smith and David Gillespie, under whom its publicationceased. Ruggles went to Henry, Marshall county, andfounded the Courier (which see).MADISON COUNTY ENQUIRER, 1853-1856: Edited by TheodoreTerry. Democratic. It was suspended for a time and appearedagain as the Press.MADISON ADVERTISER, 1856-1865 + : Founded by James R. Brown,who after four issues sold to O. C. Dake. His successors wereJoseph L. Krafft; William G. Pinckart; Frank Springer, 1861-1862; Thompson and Dunnegan; Thompson alone, December,1861-1865; and Whitman and Crabb. Whig. Changed to

168 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMADISON COUNTY COURIER, + October 12, 1865-1869: Publishedby J. D. Whitman and Mr. Crabb. Crabb soon retired and J. D.Whitman published the paper alone until October 5, 1869, whenhe suspended publication and sold the material to S. V. Crossman.WEEKLY MADISON PRESS, August 17, 1858-1862: This paper wasestablished and published by Theodore Terry and James R.Brown. Brown retired December 15, 1858. It favored Democracy.There is a partial file in office of Intelligencer.Named for the IllinoisINTELLIGENCER, November 12, 1862 to date:Intelligencer and published by James R. Brown and Henry C.Barnsback, with George B. Burnett, editor. After four monthsBarnsback retired. Brown continued the paper until his deathin 1882, and made it the spokesman of his party in Madisoncounty. In January, 1883, the paper was purchased by CharlesBoeschenstein, who merged with it the Highland Herald, whichhe published at Highland. He issued the Intelligencer weeklyuntil January, 1893, when itappeared semi-weekly. BeginningJanuary, 1903, it was issued every other day, and in January,1907, it was made a daily. Files of the Intelligencer and partialfiles of the Madison Press are in the office.REPUBLICAN, July i, 1869 to date: Established and published byS. V. Grossman until his death in July, 1875; afterward oneyear by the S. V. Crossman Printing Company, R. B., T. M.and W. R. Crossman; two years by O. S. Reed and Company;purchased July i, 1879, by sons of the founder, T. M. and W. R-Crossman, and operated by them untilSeptember, 1907, whenW. R. Crossman purchased interest of T. M. Crossman. Weeklyuntil March i, 1907, when it was changed to a twice-a-weekedition. For a short time beginning July 16 or 17, 1876, it waspublished daily. Has been Republican since its founding. Filesat the office.MADISON COUNTY BOTE, +1869-1873: A continuation of HighlandBate, removed by B. E. Hoffman from Highland. In 1870sold to E. G. Wolf and Frank Haag. In 1873 publicationwassuspended; the material reverted to Mr. Hoffman who soldit to Captain Anthony Neustadt of Collinsville. German,Democratic.OUR TIMES, October 2, 1872-1881: A. W. Angier and T. S. Angierwere editors and publishers. In 1881 it was sold to Messrs. Priceand Simcox. In a month or so Price withdrew, and in anothermonth Simcox took E. W. Anderson as a partner. In threemonths the latter retired. In two months Simcox sold a halfinterestto Joseph S. Umberger.In May, 1881,the name was

EFFINGHAM, EFFINGHAM COUNTY 169changed to Edwardsville Times, 1881-1882. In 1882 Ansel L.Brown purchased the paper and changed the name to Democrat.A. L. Brown is still editor.MADISON COUNTY ANZEIGER, May 7, 1875-1879: A German paperpublished by C. Lohmann and Son, with C. Lohmann as editor.In 1878 H. C. Lohmann retired; Mr. Lohmann, Sr., continuedthe paper for but a short time thereafter. A paper bearing thesame name was established in 1881. At first Independent, butin 1876 Republican.EFFINGHAM, EFFINGHAM COUNTYPIONEER, +1860-1861+: Moved from Ewington by J. W. Filler.Sold to Dr. T. G. Vandever in April, 1861, who combined it withtheGAZETTE, + April, 1860-1861+ Established by L. M. Rose, who:soon sold to Vandever. The two papers fuse in theUNIONIST, + October, 1861-1862+ At first run by Filler and Vandever;then by Vandever. Bought in 1862 by John Hoeny,:who reverted to the titleGAZETTE, +1862-1865+: Burned out in October, but soon continued.In i864(?) L. Homines became associated with Hoeny,and the paper was published half English, half German for sixmonths. In 1865 Hoeny sold to Hays and Bowen, who changedthe name toEFFINGHAM COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1865-1868+: Filler resumedcontrol in 1865, and continued until 1868, when the office wassold to H. C. Bradsby, who changed the name toDEMOCRAT, +1868 to date: In April, 1870, Bradsby sold to J. C.Brady; Hoeny again owned the paper awhile then ; Hoeny andGeorge M. LeCrone; then LeCrone and Owen Scott; thenScott alone. George M. LeCrone bought the paper again andis still editor and publisher.REGISTER, November, 1864-1872: Established by William Haddock,who conducted the Register as a Republican paper foreight years. He supported Greeley for president in 1872, whichcost him the suspension of his paper in October of that year.He moved the office to Champaign and started the Times.REPUBLICAN, August, 1872 to date Established :by M. B. and ElginMartin at the instigation of those Republicans who were out ofsympathy with the Register. Sold in October, 1873, to H. C.Painter, who conducted it until some time in the '8os by a Mr.Gowell; sold in 1892 to Effingham Printing Company, with R.F. Lawson as editor; sold in 1898 to Sumner Clark, with HomerClark as editor.U

170 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVOLKSBLATT, June, 1878 to date: A German paper edited by A.Gravenhorst. Until October, 1882, it was printed in Milwaukee.A. H. Gravenhorst became part owner in 1895 and the paper hassince then been conducted by A. Gravenhorst and Son. Democratic.SOUTHERN ILLINOIS FARMER, 1879-1881 : J. P. M. Howard waseditor; J. P. M. Howard, Son and Company, publishers. Amonthly publication.ELDORADO, SALINE COUNTYJOURNAL, 1874 to date (1875): Edited and published in 1875 byA. J. Alden. It was printed at the office of the Vienna JohnsonCounty Journal.ELGIN, KANE COUNTYWESTERN CHRISTIAN, i.845~(after 1849):A Baptist and anti-slaverypaper, published by a stock company and edited by Rev. A. J.Joslyn, Rev. Wareham Walker, and Spencer Carr. Removedto New York.HFGAZETTE, 1847-1874+ Established by Eliphalet Owen. A strong:paper that "held the local field against all comers." In earlyyears much attention was given to religion and literature. ZenosEastman was publisher for awhile and W. R. Finch one of theeditors. George H. Daniels was also connected with it. Ithad much influence in the early days of the Republican party,of the principles of which partyit was a vigorous advocate.Merged with the Advocate May 30, 1874. EHANFFox RIVER COURIER, 1851-1852:existence.A Whig paper that had but a shortNWILLINOIS WEEKLY PALLADIUM, 1853-1856+: Edited by a Mr.Hough, 1853; H. A. Hough and J.H Rowe, 1854; Gerhardgives Rowe and Joslyn as publishers in 1856. Name changedtoKANE COUNTY JOURNAL, +1856: Sold to Lyman and Smith andsoon discontinued.CAMPAIGN OBSERVER, 1858: A Democratic campaign paper, editedby a lawyer named Grosoevor and a Mr. Willis. It wasprinted in Chicago.SECOND DISTRICT DEMOCRAT, 1863-1865 + Published :by BenjaminW. Staniforth and edited by Edward Keogh. Changed in 1865toCHRONICLE, +1865-1868+: Democratic. Published by EdwardKeogh until 1867, when it was sold to E. C. Kincaid. Hechanged its name to

ELGIN, KANE COUNTY 171WATCHMAN, +1868 (?): Under this name it was continuedfor two or three years as a Republican paper.ADVOCATE, 1871 to date: Established by Stephen L. Taylor. Absorbedthe Gazette in 1874. Sold to A. H. Lowrie in 1882 andlater consolidated with the Daily News. Both the Advocate andthe News are now published by Lowrie and Black. A dailyedition was begun in 1881. Republican. HULADY ELGIN, 1872-1878: A monthly publication devoted to theinterests of watch factory workers. Edited and published byBertha H. Ellsworth, Alida V. Able, and Lydia A. Richards.DIAL, i872(?)- (?): A monthly devoted to watch factory interests.Short-lived a ; contemporary of Lady Elgin. DTIMES, 1874- Edward - ( ?) Keogh was owner and editor. The:paper became a daily in 1875. It was successively Democratic,Greenback, and Independent, and survived several years. UINFORMER, i874-i877(?): A monthly publication "devoted topeace, temperance, purity, and health," by Amasa Lord. Notextant in 1878.GOSPEL TRUMPET, 1874- - (?): A monthly publication, not extantin 1878.DAILY BLUFF CITY, 1874-1878: The first daily paper in Elgin.Established by Dudley Randall Christie Brothers were its last;owners, during a part of which ownership, Charles E. Gregorywas editor, succeeded by W. J. Anderson. Consolidated withNews April 22, 1878. Republican. UREPUBLIC, 1874-1877+: Established and edited by George E.Earlie. Issued a daily through the campaign. Sold in 1877 toDr. C. Stoddard Smith and renamedFREE PRESS, +1877: It was soon discontinued.DAILY DUD, 1875 A short-lived paper started by Dudley Randall:after he had closed his connection with the Daily Bluff City.NEWS, 1876 to date: Established chiefly by Carlos H. Smith. Soldin 1880 to John K. LeBaron, after various changes in management,and in September, 1883, the Advocate (the daily editionof which had a little previously been discontinued) and the DailyNews were consolidated and for a time published by Lowrieand LeBaron. LeBaron had been conducting the Dollar WeeklyNews and the Semi-Weekly Envoy in connection with the DailyNews. Lowrie soon became sole owner of both Advocate andNews; in 1886 S. J. Tomlinson bought a half interest. Hesold in 1887 to Willis B. Black, who with Mr. Lowrie continuesthe publication. Republican. P

i 7 2ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSINFORMER, January, 1876-- (?): A monthly reform paper,edited by Amasa Lord and a staff of department editors. Devotedto health, temperance, Ureligion, agriculture, etc.TIMES, 1875- ( ?) : Daily.GLOCKE, 1878 (?): A German weekly of which Joseph Bischoffwas editor and publisher. It had been discontinued before1881.NEW ERA, 1878: W. D. RINGLAND was editor and publisher.The paper was short-lived.LEADER, 1878-1884+ Removed to Elgin from St. Charles by:Hiram N. Wheeler, later of Quincy. Sold to J. N. Wheeler, whochanged the name to Morning Frank. In 1884 it was bought byWill S. Doherty and H. D. Hemmens and the name changed toCourier, Republican. Doherty died in 1886 and Hemmens conductedthe paper until 1903, when the Courier Publishing Companywas organized by him and others, and Albert L. Hall wasmade editor and manager. In July, 1909, Ira C. Copley boughtthe paper and merged with it the Press, which he alreadyowned. Daily and weekly Democratic.;ELIZABETHTOWN, HARDIN COUNTYHARDIN MINERAL, 1870-1871: Solomon S. Burke, then S. S. Burkeand Son were editors and publishers.HARDIN GAZETTE, i87i-(after 1882) Edited :by James A. Lowry,published by E. E. Welch, 1873-1874; edited and published byJames A. Lowry, 1875-- (?). At first Democratic; afterwardneutral. Apparently discontinued in 1883.ELMWOOD, PEORIA COUNTYOBSERVER AND PEORIA COUNTY ADVERTISER, January 6, 1858-(?): Established by John Regan. FCHRONICLE, 1861-1871+: O. F. Woodcock was editor and publisherin 1869-1870. Republican. Changed toCHRONICLE AND HERALD, +1871-1872+:By 1873 it was changedback toCHRONICLE, +1873: Edited by Davison and Son. Republican.MESSENGER, 1874-1902: John Regan was editor and publisheruntil after 1884; J. B. Sprawls, 1892; Louis E. O'Brien, 1895.Discontinued August 28, 1902. Republican. UINDUSTRLA.L JOURNAL, 1874 to date (1875): Published by J. A.and J. L. Somerby.GAZETTE, + 1879 to date : Established by Robert E. Miller in Brimfieldin 1875, and moved by him to Elmwood, where itwas first

EUREKA, WOODFORD COUNTY 173^ was soon so^ to W. E. Phelps, who inissued July 10, 1879.July, 1883, sold to M. H. Spence, the present editor and publisher.EL PASO, WOODFORD COUNTYGAZETTE, February i, 1863-- (?): Established by RobertCauch. Probably short-lived.JOURNAL, April 5, 1865 to date: Established by John S. Harper,who in a short time gave way to J. W. Wolfe. By 1868 WilliamH. Addis and Brother were editors and publishers E. F. Baldwinand Gershom Martin took the plant in December, 1868;;Baldwin withdrew, March 30, 1871 ;then on October 10, 1872, hesupplanted Martin. J. B. Barnes became a partner in 1874.Irving Carrier and H. R. Coleman succeeded Baldwin andBarnes; W. G. Randall replaced Carrier January i, 1879. In1883 A. L. Hereford became owner. W. D. Meek bought ahalf interest in 1884, and the other half in 1885. He sold to A.O. Rupp in 1887, and Rupp to G. R. Curtiss February n, 1889.R. J. Evans became a partner next day. Evans retired in September,1904, and G. R. Curtiss has continued sole owner,editor and publisher.PATRIOT : A paper published in the '6os by a Mr. Fiske.ENFIELD, WHITE COUNTYJOURNAL, 1874-- (?):A weekly established by Lemuel Potter.The same yearit was purchased by Odell and Houser. Odellretired in 1875. The paper was soon discontinued.OPEN DOOR, +May, 1879: Formerly the Golden Rule, establishedin the interest of the General Baptist Church, published by ElderJohn E. Cox. An advocate of open communion. Semi-monthly.ENGLEWOOD, COOK COUNTYSOUTH SIDE RECORD, 1875-1876: I. L. Vansant was editor; Vansantand Company were publishers.ERIE, WHITESIDE COUNTYBULLETIN, 1874-1877: Established by John Spaulding. H. K.Wells bought the paper and published it for about two years.INDEPENDENT, 1878 to date: Established by George W. Guernsey.Bought in 1885 by W. M. Patrick, and in 1889 by C. D. Hannon,the present owner and editor. Files from 1889 at the office.Filesbefore that date destroyed.EUREKA, WOODFORD COUNTYCHRISTIAN HERALD, i864-(after 1869): A monthly, edited andpublished in 1869 by Dudley Downs and John W. Karr.

c174 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWOODFORD JOURNAL,i 868 to date : Established as an Independentpaper by John W. Karr. Bought in 1874 by Robert N. Radford,who sold an interest to E. J. Davidson in 1881 ;Radford andDavidson were editors and publishers until 1892, when the paperwas sold to B. J. Radford, Sr. In 1899 he bought the Democratfrom F. A. Shafer and combined the two as Democrat- Journal,which had been edited and published since that time by his threesons, W. M., C. T., and B. J. Radford, Jr., and his nephew, C.A. Radford. August i, 1909, the management was turned overto B. J. Radford, Jr., by C. A. Radford. Woodjord was droppedfrom the title in 1877. Democratic.EVANSTON, COOK COUNTYSUBURBAN IDEA, 1864: Established by Rev. Nathan Sheppard asa local paper. Continued for one year.EVANSTONIAN, 1870: Edited and published by Frank Leland.Short lived.TRIPOD, January, 1871-1881 : A monthly edited and published bythe literary societies of Northwestern. United with Vidette in1 88 1 to form Northwestern.REAL ESTATE NEWS, 1871-1873: Published at irregular intervalsby L. C. Pitner.INDEX, June 8, 1872 to date: Established by Alfred L. Sewell.Printed in Chicago until June, 1873. In November, 1875,John A. Childs and David Cavan bought the paper; and inJanuary, 1878, Childs became sole proprietor. The EvanstonIndex Company was formed January i, 1887, with Mr. Childsas controlling stockholder. Albert H. Bowman became connectedwith the paper in 1903 he sold stock to Childs in 1908.;ULAKE BREEZE, May, i874-April, 1875:James R. Paul has been editor since 1906.A literary college monthly,published by Harry W. Taylor, for one year. Files owned byEvanston Historical Society.HERALD, 1875-1876: Edited and published by Fillmore and Gray.Sold to Index.VIDETTE, 1878-1881: A semi-monthly college paper edited andpublished by students in Northwestern University. Combinedwith Tripod in 1881 to form Northwestern. File in EvanstonHistorical Society Library.EWING, FRANKLIN COUNTYBAPTIST BANNER, 1874-1876:publishers in 1875'.-Keeley and Allen were editors andJ. Keeley alone in 1876.U

FAIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTY 175EWINGTON, EFFINGHAM COUNTYPIONEER, 1856-1860+: Established by William B. Cooper; apparentlyhe sold to J. W. Filler, who moved the paper toEmngham.FEXETER, SCOTT COUNTYBATTLE AXE, July-October 16, 1841 Established :by Joseph W.Ormsbee, who used it to advocate the repudiating of the publicdebt. He soon sold to James Monroe Ruggles, who removed itto Winchester after the sixteenth number. The subtitle of thesheet was PoliticalReformer.FAIRBURY, LIVINGSTON COUNTYJOURNAL, April 15, 1866-1872: Established by Otis M. Eastmanand edited and published by him until the paper was absorbedby the Independent. Republican.INDEPENDENT, April 14, iSyi-January 6, 1877+: Established byO. J. and L. W. Dimmick. Conducted by them until October6, 1876, when they sold to Bassett and Price. W. H. Price boughthis partner's interest on October 28, 1876, and on December 2sold to John S. Scibird. The paper was consolidated by himwith the Blade on January 6, 1877.LIVINGSTON COUNTY BLADE, November 6, i876-January 6, 1877+ :Established by C. B. Holmes, with M. W. Riley as editor.Holmes sold to John S. Scibird on January 6, 1877, and thepaper was consolidated with Independent asINDEPENDENT-BLADE, + January 6, i877~July 12, 1884+: JohnS. Scibird continued as editor until 1880, when he was succeededby his son, Ed. A. Scibird, who continued until July 12, 1884,when C. E. Carter bought the paper and changed the name toBlade. T. E. Dubois bought out Carter March 10, 1888, andremained editor and publisher until 1892, when he sold to D. A.Fraley. November 4, 1893, Fraley sold to Shankland and Price,and August 4, a Mr. Fulton bought Price's interest. G. A. Suttonbought Shankland's interest November n, 1898, and thepaper has since that time been published by Fulton and Sutton,and edited by Mr. Fulton. Republican. Bound files in theoffice.FAIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTYINDEPENDENT PRESS, 1852-1855+: John M. Walden was editorand A. A. Stickney publisher. Gerhard gives F. C. Mawley aspublisher. It was Democratic in its sympathies. Changed toILLINOIS PATRIOT, +1855-1856: It was also a Democratic paperedited by C. T. Lichtenberger.

176 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNEWS, 1856: Edited by James H. Smith. Tt was a non-partisanpaper.GAZETTE, 1858: Edited by A. S. Tilden. It advocated "StateSovereignty and Popular Rights."PRAIRIE PIONEER, 1858-1866: Published and edited in 1858 by JoeM. Pryor, who retired February 2, 1859. William Lloyd Carterbegan publishing the paper February 22, 1859, and was succeededin the editorial chair by J. D. Lichtenberger, October 20, 1859.Miles B. Friend was for a short time in partnership with Carter,March, 1859. March 15, 1860, Theodore Edmondson becamethe publisher and W. L. Carter was again editor. Edmondsonwas succeeded as publisher by Benson T. Atherton, August, 1860.October 1 2, 1 86 2, the Pioneer suspended publication, to be revivedby J. D. Lichtenberger. Then Atherton again tried to make itlive, but September, 1865, practically closed its career. In 1862,however, Dr. Sibley had purchased Lichtenberger 's interest, and,associating with himself R. B. Schell, continued the paper offand on till 1866, "on a red hot loyal platform ".WAR DEMOCRAT, January, 1864-1866+ Established :by C. I. Wilmans,who in February, 1864, associated C. W. Sibley in the publication.The paper was Democratic but favored the war-Wilmans retired early, leaving Sibley in charge, but returned asSibley's associate, August, 1864, and remained until February,1865. C. W. Sibley was succeeded in 1865 by his father, C.Sibley, who in the same year sold to D. W. Barkley. January,1866, Barkley took Revill into partnership and changed the nametoWAYNE COUNTY PRESS, +1866 to date: Under Barkley and Revill,the paper was neutral in politics. Revill retired and Barkleyassociated with himself his brother, O. F. Barkley. Afier atime D. W. Barkley purchased his brother's interest. UnderBarkley the Press left its neutral ground, and became, especiallyin 1868, a strong Republican organ. After this, however, anduntil 1876. it was a "Granger." It returned in 1876 tothe Republican party. On July 2, 1887, Mr. Barkleysold the paper to W. M. Goudy and O. F. Barkley, the latterselling his interest to Mr. Goudy in May, 1889. Mr. Goudysold October 4, 1909, to E. H. Childress and W. M. Knodell.Mr. Childress is editor.DEMOCRAT, 1868-1881 + : Established bv George W. Bates andMr. Holmes, July 3, 1868. The office had been purchased andbrought to Fair-field by R. F. Brown, who abandoned the enterprisebefore it was fairly launched. It was then run successivelyby John Moffit, C. J. Wilmans, Isaac M. Stanley, R. B. Schell,

FARMER CITY, DEWITT COUNTY 177Miles B. Friend, and Joe V. Baugh ;R. B. Schell were proprietors. In 1875, Brown came into possessionagain, and sold the paper to Oliver Holmes. After changinghands frequentlyit was sold finally by Wilmans to Ed. Mc-Clung in 1881, when the paper was consolidated with the Record.WAYNE COUNTY REPUBLICAN, i875-i876(?): A Republican paperedited by Frank Israel and C. E. Wolfe, and published by C. E.Wolfe.UREPUBLICAN, 1878 (?): Established by Ross Robinson. Aradical paper, bought by D. W. Barkley and discontinued in ashort time.1871-1872, C. E. Sibley andREGISTER, September, 1879+ Established by Joseph D. Carter and:Will M. Goudy. Democratic in politics.It was publisheduntil December, when it was purchased by Ed. McClung andchanged to theRECORD, + December, 1879 to date: Originally the Register, purchasedby Edward McClung. In 1881 McClung consolidatedwith the Record the weekly Democrat, at that time owned andedited by Wilmans.sold a half interestIn 1889 Mr. McClungto John M. Rapp, and in 1892 sold the whole plant to Mr. Rapp,who is editing and publishing the paper at this time. Democraticin politics.FARINA, FAYETTE COUNTYNEWS, 1877 to date: Established by Ed. Freeman and soon discontinued.It was succeeded, about 1880, by Echo, publishedby J. S. Grant. He sold to W. R. Hancock, and Hancock soldto C. R. Davis in 1882. Davis changed the name to News, andin 1902 sold to M. C. Barbee and E. B. Pribble. They sold toW. C. Cunningham and he in July, 1903, to A. S. and C. D. Coon.A. S. Coon became sole owner in March, 1905. Republican to1902, thenceforward Independent.FARMER CITY, DEWITT COUNTYREPUBLICAN, 1869-1872+ Established by John S. Harper, :proprietorand editor. He publishedit until 1872 and sold it to Messrs.Cummings and Wilkinson, who changed the name to theORTHORSPOR, +1871-1872: Published by Cummings and Wilkins,edited by Wilkins. Soon after the change of name, J. W. Richardsonbecame local editor and manager. After a career of sixmonths Mr. Richardson moved the Orthorspor out of the county.REAL ESTATE INDEX, 1871 ( ?): Published by W. H. Anderson.A small advertising sheet, which had a brief existence.

178 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJOURNAL, November, 1872 to date: Established by John S. Harper.After two years, it was bought by O. J. Smith and J. R. Robinson,who made it the organ of the Granger element. Beforeissuing any numbers of the paper these gentlemen sold out toW. L. Glessner, whose brother, L. C. Glessner, then took a halfinterest and assumed charge of the paper. The first issue bythe Glessners was October 15, 1874. In June, 1877, L. C. Glesnerbought his brother's interest and had sole charge until Feburary,1879, when the office was moved to Carlinville, Macoupincounty, whence the paper was issued as the Herald. TheJournal was continued after 1879 by W. C. Devore. In 1887itwas sold by Mr. Devore to M. V. Zimmerman, who in November,1891, sold it to E. A. and C. L. Wood. In June, 1893, E. A.Wood sold to W. C. Devore, who in 1894 sold to C. L. Wood.In 1895 Mr. Wood sold to F. S. Nutt and B. B. Bates. Mr. Nuttdied in November, 1896, and was succeeded by his brother S. E.Nutt, who in March, 1897, sold to E. A. Williams. The presentproprietors of the Journal are Williams and Bates. It was Independentin politics with a slight Democratic tendency underGlessner. In 1882 it was the recognized organ of Republicanismin northern DeWitt county. Files for ten years at the office.HERALD, September, 1873-1875: Established by W. C. Devore andPaul J. Clifford, who sold out after two years to WhetzellBrothers. They continued the paper six weeks and then movedit to Lovington, Moultrie county, there issuing the LovingtonIndex. After six months Devore reassumed possession andcontinued the paper as the Lovington Free Press until 1879,when he returned to Farmer City and revived the Journal, asabove stated.EAGLE, 1874 (?): Started by John S. Harper; soon sold toG. W. Armstrong.REPORTER, i878-August, 1880: Established by Albion Smith,editor and proprietor, in the fall of 1878; continued till August,1880, when the office and material were destroyed byfire.PUBLIC REAPER, 1878-1882; 1883-1892: Wesley Clearwaters,publisher; R. M. Ewing, editor. January i, 1881, M. L.Griffith became publisher, Reuben Clearwaters, editor. In1882 Reuben Clearwaters sold to R. M. Ewing, who, with M.L. Griffith, moved the plant to Clinton and conducted the DeWittIt was then moved back to FarmerCounty Republican one year.City by Mr. Ewing, who continued as proprietor until 1890,when he sold to Frank L. Gillespie. After several changes ofownership it was moved to Urbana in 1892 by Harry and WillAltizer and became the Messenger. Independent in politics.

FORRESTON, OGLE COUNTY 179FARMINGTON, FULTON COUNTYJOURNAL, 1856-1857: Established by Mr. Brown; in 1858 editedand published by William H. Worrell. A. K. Montgomery hadan interest at one time. Democratic in politics.F:TIMES, 1865-1870 Established by E. H. Phelps, editor of LewistownUnion. Printed at Lewistown. In 1870 Bryant and Phelpswere editors and publishers.POULTRY RECORD, 1872-1874: Established by C. W. Heaton.Merged into the American Poultry Journal at Chicago.NEWS, 1874-1879: Established by J. D. Hurd, editor and publisher.Discontinued December, 1879. Democratic in politics. Semiweekly.Succeeded by the People, January, 1 880-1 881 . Republican.Lived one year. Dr. J. A. Brown was editor.FLORA, CLAY COUNTYSOUTHERN ILLINOIS JOURNAL, 1870 to date: Edited and publishedby Wilson and Clarkson, 1871; J. K. Clarkson, 1872-1873;M. L. Wilson, 1874; Wilson and Whitting, 1875 M. L.; Wilson,1876; A. H. Reed was editor and publisher, 1877-1879; A. H.Reed and F. B. Hitchcock, editors, A. H. Reed, publisher, 1880;F. B. Hitchcock, editor, Hopkins and Hitchcock, publishers,1882; George M. Clark, 1884, A. H. Reed, editor, Reed andWolf publishers, 1891 A. H.; Reed, editor, A. H. Reed and Company,publishers, 1895; J. J. Picket was editor and publisherin 1902, succeeded by T. B. Greenlaw in 1903. B. M. Maxeyhad been editor and publisher since 1904. Republican.MONTHLY LETTER Box, 1873-1874: M. L. Wilson was editor andpublisher.TRUE WORKMAN, 1874:Monthly, illustrated.FORRESTON, OGLE COUNTYM. L. Wilson was editor and publisher.JOURNAL, April, 1867-1874: Established by Messrs. M. V. Saltzmanand M. M. Mathews. In June, 1867, Mathews retiredand Saltzman continued until 1870, when C. F. Dore acquiredan interest. Dore sold to J. W. Clinton in the same year. In1872 Clinton purchased Saltzman's interest and in 1873 sold thepaper to G. L. Bennett. In 1874 I. B. Bickford purchased theoffice and moved it to Byron, where he established the ByronNews.HERALD, 1875 to date: Established by a stock company with F. N.Tice as editor. In 1876 Chas. E. Slocum became proprietor,and in 1880 he was editor and publisher; L. E. Burrows, 1882 ;T. F. Haller, 1892-1895. U

i8oILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFARMERS' CRITERION, 1878 (?): Edited and published byD. O. Lantz. Monthly.FRANKLIN GROVE, LEE COUNTYGAZETTE, 1868 or i869(?): Printed in Dixon; lived only a fewmonths.REPORTER, August, 1869 to date: Established by John Blocher,editor and proprietor. At the close of its second year, D. H.Spickler bought the paper and published it till May, 1875, whenT. W. Scott became the proprietor. Scott sold to D. B. SengerAugust 5, 1876, who retained possession about thirteen years.Afterward G. W. Gaven continued the management until August,1904, when C. A. Bancroft bought him out. E. P. Harrisonassumed control as editor in March, 1906.LEE COUNTY ENTERPRISE, June, i879-November, 1880: Editedthroughout its existence by P. O. Sproul.FREEPORT, STEPHENSON COUNTYPRAIRIE :DEMOCRAT, 1847-1853+ A Democratic paper establishedand run by Stephen D. Carpenter, 1847-1850; J. O. P. Burnside,1850-1852; George Ordway, 1852-1853. In 1853itagainfell into the possession of Mr. Burnside and he changed itsname toFBULLETIN, + 1853 to date : Mr. Burnside was succeeded in its publicationby Messrs. Brag, Brawley and Bagg; Giles and Scroggs,1861-1864; J. R. Scroggs, 1864-1869; W. T. Giles, 1869-1873;C. C. Shuler and John W. Potter, 1873-1874; John W. Potter,1874-1885; O. T. Potter, 1885-1894; H. Poffenberger, P. O.Stiver, H. F. Rocky, 1894 to 1900; and H. P. Poffenberger andP. O. Stiver to date. It was published weekly to then it; 1877;became a daily. It has always been Democratic. EFJOURNAL, 1848 to date: Published by H. G. Grattan and A. Mc-Fadden, 1848-1849; Mr. Grattan, 1848-1851; Mr. Grattanand Hiram M. Sheetz, 1851 ;Mr. Sheetz and Mr. A. McFadden,1851-1853; Mr. Sheetz, 1853-1856; C. K. Judson and C. W.McCluer, 1856-1864; J. M. Bailey and R. V. Ankeny, 1864-1866. In 1866 the Northwest (established in 1865) was mergedin the Journal and edited by J. S. McCall, J. M. Bailey and M.B. Mills, 1866; Mr. McCall, 1866-1868; S. D. Atkins, 1868-1873; William B. Thomas, D wight B. Breed and Charles R.Haws, 1873-1875; S. D. Atkins and Company, 1875; A. N.Richards and Company, 1875 to 1883, when the Freeport JournalPrinting Company was organized, with Smith D. Atkins as president,principal stock holder, and editor. The paper has continuedon this basis. In 1883 the Budget was absorbed, and a

FULTON, WHITESIDE COUNTY 181daily issue was established. Previous to that time Messrs. Judsonand McCluer issued a daily Journal in 1856-1857, and in1857 Mr. McCall began the issue of a daily which was discontinuedafter a period of nearly two years. The Journalespoused the cause of the Whig party and with its death took upthe cause of the Republican party.SFDEUTSCHER ANZEIGEE, 1853 to date: Established by William Wagner,and edited by him until his death in 1878. From 1855 ason, W. H. Wagner, was associated in the business, and becameeditor in 1877. About 1884 Albert and Oscar, sons of W. H.Wagner, became associated in the business under the firm nameof W. H. Wagner and Sons. W. H. Wagneris still editor andmanager. Files in the office. PNEWS, i864~(after 1884) A : supporter of real estate interests, issuedfor advertising purposes. In 1869-1875 Taylor and Aspinwall,and from 1876 until 1884 Taylor and Sons were editorsand publishers. Monthly. Discontinued.Stabeck and Haws were editors andBUDGET, 1870-1883: In 1879,publishers. Republican in politics. Absorbed by the Journalin 1883.SOLDIERS' ADVOCATE, 1873-1879: W. S. Agney was editor andpublisher, 1873-1874; Agney and Jones, 1875; Jones and Carey,1876; Bright and Barton, 1877; Bright and Brownlee wereeditors and publishers, 1879. Monthly. Discontinued.ILLINOIS MONITOR, 1874-1876: Edited and published by W. T.Giles.TRUE MISSION, 1875- (after 1881): In 1879 W. S. Young was editorand publisher. An evangelical, nonsectarian, temperance organ.Discontinued.NORDWESTLICHE POST, 1875:Edited and published by H. Krumme.TIMES, 1876: Charles R. Haws was editor and publisher. Daily.BANNER, 1879 to date: German. Established by F. W. Frick,1879-1880; H. W. Frick, 1882; Joseph Frick, 1884; CharlesH. Frick, 1891-1895. In 1891 Sontagsblatt was begun. Unterhaltungsblatt,a weekly edition, is published on Tuesdays. Independentin politics.FULTON, WHITESIDE COUNTYWHITESIDE INVESTIGATOR, 1854-- (?) + Edited :by Judge^ James McCoy and John Phelps. It soon passed over to Mr.McFadden and G. A. Laighton, and in 1855 was published byA. McFadden and W. J. Johnson. Subsequently Mr. Laightonbecame sole proprietor and changed its name to

i8aILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSADVERTISER, H ( ?) ( ?)The editorial staff consisted of:Dr. C. A. Griswold and Messrs. Grout and Lewis. In 1856itfavored Buchanan for president. After the campaign Mr. Greenleafbecame editor. Mr. Laighton, the owner, becoming financiallyembarrassed, went east, leaving the paper in charge of an apprenticewho soon stopped its publication.WEEKLY COURIER, 1859-1863+: A. J. Booth and B. C. Gollidayleased the establishment of the Advertiser from Mr. Laightonand began the Courier. After six months Mr. Booth obtainedsole charge of the Courier, and in 1863 he purchased the establishmentof Mr. Laighton and changed the name toJOURNAL, +1863 to date: The Journal was conducted by A. J.Booth, 1863-1866; Booth and Son, 1866-1872; George Terwilliger,1872; Mr. Terwilliger, editor, and W. C. Snyder, publisher,1872-1876. In 1876 Mr. Snyder became sole owner andhe leased it to Thomas J. Pickett. Pickett and Snyder wereeditors and publishers in 1879; A. W. Bastion in 1907. Thepaper has been an organ of the Republican party.ARGUS, 1868-- (?): Established by Messrs. Pratt.WHITESIDE DEMOCRAT, 1871-1872 +: Started by F. L. Norton.After one yearit was called theLIBERAL, 1872-- (?): Published by J. M. Finch.GALENA, JO DAVIESS COUNTYMINER'S JOURNAL, 1826-1832+: Its first editor was James Jones.In 1829 Mr. Jones associated with himself as editor ThomasFord, afterwards Governor of Illinois, and J. W. Stephenson,a prominent man of the place, was a contributor. For someperiod before 1829 the paper was temporarily suspended. Itsupported Kinney for Governor in 1830, and was otherwiseactive in politics, though said to be non-partisan. Dr. Philleo,who secured control of it, changed its name to AHWMAddison Philleo andGeorge N. Palmer, successively. It was a Democratic paper.There are a few numbers in the Danville Public Library.Changed WSHAMtoGALENIAN, +May 2, 1832-1836+ : Edited byDEMOCRAT, +i 836-1 838(?): Edited by Dr. Philleo and George N.Palmer.ADVERTISER, July 20, 1829-1830: Established by Hooper Warren,backed by Governor Ninian Edwards; published by Newhall,Philleo and Company edited ; by Warren, Horatio Newhall, andAddison Philleo, who were not harmonious in their political affili-

GALENA, JO DAVIESS COUNTY 183ations. Warren wrote Edwards December i, 1829, that thepaper had 400 subscribers. Money and paper were scarce, andthe paper suspended publication in June, 1830. AHNORTHWESTERN GAZETTE AND GALENA ADVERTISER, 1834-1863+:The Galenian under Dr. Philleo became so unpopular that DickinsonB. Morehouse and other citizens bought an outfit andstarted this paper. S. M. Bartlett and a Mr. Loring were putin charge, but Loring soon withdrew. Benjamin Mills waseditor, 1834-1835. H. H. Houghton became associated withBartlett, and in 1838 became sole owner. He made the paper atri-weekly. In 1843 he sold to W. C. E. Thomas, but in 1845was again editor and in 1847 s le owner. January i, 1848, heissued the first number of a daily edition called Galena DailyAdvertiser; the weekly and tri-weekly seem to have been calledat this time Northwestern Gazette. Nesbit Baugher and D. W.Scott owned each a third interest, 1859-1861. In 1863 the establishmentwas sold to James B. Brown and George K. Shaw, whochanged the name AWEFtoGAZETTE, +1863 to date: Shaw soon withdrew, and the paper wascontinued as as daily and weekly by James B. Brown until 1896 ;since that time it has been edited and published by A. W. Glesner.Republican.AJOURNAL, 1838-1840: Owned by a stock company and edited byW. C. Taylor and John Stark.STAR, 1840-1841:Edited by Beriah Brown.Edited by H. C. McGrew and Brothers, andSENTINEL, 1841-1846:later by Sweney and Son. It was Democratic in its sympathies. FJEFFERSONIAN, 1845-1855 Founded by H. A. and H. W. Tenney.:Charles Sweney was editor and proprietor, 1847-1852 ; Randall,Sanford, and Company, 1852 ; Ray and Sanford, 1852-1853 ; Rayand Scott, 1853-1854; Scott, 1854. After a few months Mr.Scott sold two-thirds interest to L. T. Leal and Charles Crouch.The Jeffersonian disappeared in 1855. The name indicates itspolitics. But under the editorship of Ray the paper took strongground against the Kansas-Nebraska act. After Ray went tothe Chicago Tribune, the Jeffersonian went back to DouglasDemocracy. Semi-weekly. FCORRESPONDENT, 1851-1862+ A German :paper issued for a yearand a half from the office of the Jeffersonian. A German companywas formed and the management of the paper was givento Mr. Slybolcl until 1854 or 1855, when he was succeeded byMessrs. Wuertenburg and Becket. They were succeeded byMr. Pingel, who changed the name to

184 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, +1862-1868+ :Conducted by Mr. Pingel until1868, when he sold to Von Kettler, who changed the name toVOLKSFREUND, +1868 to date (1878): Published by Von Kettleruntil November, 1872, when he sold to J. Voss and M. Witt.COURIER, 1855-1862 Published by Leal, Crouch, and : Company.The members of the company kept withdrawing until by 1860Mr. Leal was alone. In 1861 he sold to E. R. Paul, who discontinuedthe daily, which had been started early in January, 1856.Mr. Paul sold to Mr. Bristol and he continued to publish thepaper until the next year, when he sold to a company and we hearno more of the Courier. Democratic. HFDEMOCRAT, December, 1862-1868: Published at firstby a companyof Democrats, and edited by L. S. Everett. The company soonsold to H. H. Savage. He soon assumed editorial charge also.Stopped by mortgage sale in 1868.COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, 1864-1874+: Established b> D. W. ScottX as a monthly mercantile and business paper but gradually transformedto horticultural. Alonzo L. Cummings became a partnerin 1872, and the paper was conducted by D. W. Scott and Companyuntil changed toINDUSTRIAL PRESS, +February 6, i874-(after 1884): Establishedby A. L. Cummings and James W. Scott. Scott sold to hisfather, D. W. Scott, in 1875, without changing the firm name ofCummings and Scott, which continued until after 1884.SPIRIT or THE PRESS, October, 1871-1873: Established by H. H.Houghton. Merged with the Gazette in 1873.SUN, 1869: Established by S. W. Russell. Short-lived.GALESBURG, KNOX COUNTYNORTHWESTERN INTELLIGENCER, 1848-1850: Edited byRev. C.R. Fisk. It was non-partisan as to politics; favored Presbyterianism.The number in the library of the state universityindicates considerable pugnacity, especially against PresidentBlanchard of Knox College.UNORTHWESTERN GAZETEER, 1849-1 85o(?): Edited by SouthwickDavis. It favored Congregationalism and was neutral in politics.NEWS LETTER, 1850-1853 Edited :by Gale, Bunce, and Lanphere.It favored railroad construction. In 1852 in the hands of S. G.Cowan itappeared as the News Letter and Henry County News.It was for some time nonpartisan, but in the latter part of itsexistence it somewhat favored the Free Soil doctrine. FKNOXIANA, i85i-i857(?): Issued by members of Adelphic Societyof Knox College. Monthly. Still published in 1857. P

GALESBURG, KNOX COUNTY 185WESTERN FREEMAN, two months of 1853: It was an anti-slaverypaper edited by J. W. Lane.FREE DEMOCRAT, 1854-1865+ : An anti-slavery paper, daily after1857. The first three editors in order were, Southwick Davis,W. H. Holcomb, and B. F. Haskins. William J. Woods wasowner at the time of Haskins' editorship, which began in 1854.In 1855 Haskius was succeeded by C. J. Sellon. The same yearS. W. Brown, R. H. Whiting, and D. H. Fresbie became owners.November to December, 1855, S. D. McDonald conducted thepaper, followed by W. J. Woods as owner and C. J. Sellon aseditor. August, 1856, Woods sold the office to J. H. Sherman.In 1865 Messrs. Bailey and McClelland became proprietors,and the name was changed toFFREE PRESS, +1865-1894: In 1872 General M. S. Barnes boughtthe paper, and became editor and publisher. His son, W. BennettBarnes, had business charge of the daily edition, which wasbegun 1875. Changed to Press in 1876. In 1882 the name waschanged to Press and People. Bought by Gershon Martin in1883 and issued by him until 1894, when he died and the paperwas sold to the Spectator. Democratic.OAK LEAF, 1856 ( ?): A monthly published by the GnothauticSociety of Knox College.PHEMLANDET, 1855-1858+: A Swedish Lutheran paper edited byRev. T. N. Hasselquist. At that time it was the only Swedishnewspaper in the United States. It was taken to Chicago in1858.DET RATTA HEMLANDET, 1856-1858: A monthly organ of the Lutherans,edited by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist and A. R. Cervin.It was removed to Chicago with the preceding paper.FRLETETSVANNEN, January, 1859-1861 Edited in turn by Peterson,:Wilborg, and Aroseriius. Fortnightly ; part of the time weekly.EVANGELISTEN, 1860: Lasted about a year. The organ of theSwedish Baptists. L. Ahnberg was business manager.KNOX COUNTY OBSERVER, 1865- (?) Published :byTaft. Short-lived.Louis V.REGISTER, 1866-1872+: Started by Steve R. Smith, William J.Mourer, and H. D. Babcock. After several changesit wasbought by E. F. Phelps in 1872 and shortly afterwards was.merged into the Republican Register. It had a daily edition after1870.LIBERAL, 1867-1879:Edited by Steve R. Smith.

186 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTIMES, 1868-1869: E. A. Snively was editor and publisher. Afterabout nine months he sold to a Mr. Bush, at that time publisherof the Register. Democratic.WATER CURE JOURNAL, 1868-1870: An advertising sheet editedby Mrs. M. Blanche Oughton; published by McCall, Miller,and Company.NOONDAY STAR, 1870-1871: The Star Printing Company wereeditors and publishers. Daily.ZION'S BANER, 1871 : A Swedish Lutheran monthly. Rev. C.Anderson was editor and publisher. (See Knoxville, p. 216.)KNOX STUDENT, 1872 to date: Collegiate monthly. P:REPUBLICAN, 1872+ Started by C. E. Carr and J. M. Prior; soldto S. W. Grubb and consolidated with Register asREPUBLICAN-REGISTER, +1872 to date: Owned and publishedby a stock company formed for this purpose, known as the GalesburgPrinting and Publishing Company. George V. Dietrickwas its president, and S. W. Grubb, secretary and treasurer;Z. Beatty was editor, and continued so until his death in 1896,since which date Fred K. Jelliff has been editor. About 1901George A. Perry and O. N. Custer bought a controlling interest,and the former became business manager. J. W. Grubb succeededhis father as secretary and treasurer of the company. In1909 Messrs. Custer and Perry bought the interest of J. W. Grubb,and Mr. Custer took Mr. Grubb's position. S. W. Grubb wasbusiness manager. Daily and weekly. Republican. UREPUBLIC, 1873-1875+: Conducted by Judson Graves of Kirkwood.Semi-weekly. Changed after two years toPLAINDEALER, +1875-1907: Judson Graves was editor and publisheruntil 1882, when he was succeeded by Henry Emrich.Weekly. Independent-Republican. Discontinued in 1907.SIDE-WALKINGS, 1873-- (?): Edited by Stephen R. Smith. Irregularand short-lived. Printed in magazine form.REVIEW, 1877-- ( ? ): Conducted by Colville Brothers. In 1878it was changed from a weekly to a monthly. Republican.PROVINCE, + January i, 1879- (?): A monthly, edited byGeorge H. Higgins and published in the interest of the Episcopalchurch.GALVA, HENRY COUNTYWATCHMAN, 1857 This paper had a brief career in Galva. Isaac:B. Smith was editor; Smith and Harl, then E. and I. B. Smithwere publishers. It was purchased by Judge Tillson, Dr.A. A. Dunn, U. M. Ayers and H. W. Wells, and removed to Cambridge.Its name was changed to the Chronicle (which see).F

GARDNER, GRUNDY COUNTY 187DEN SVENSKE REPUBLIKANEN i NORRA AMERIKA, July 4, 1856-1857+ A : secular, liberal paper founded as especially antagonisticto the Hemlandet of Galesburg, by the Bishop Hill colonyof Swedes. Edited by S. Cronsioe. It was removed to Chicagoin 1857.UNION, December, 1862-1867+: Established by B. W. Seaton.Afterward owned by Eric Johnson; then by JohnI. Bennett andedited by J. M. Edson. It was changed toREPUBLICAN, + October, 1867-1870: Johnson and Chaiser, editorsand publishers.PRAIRIE CHIEF, April, 1868-1871+: For a time issued from theoffice of the Union (Kett and Company, History oj HenryCounty, p. 182), then from Toulon as successor to Stark CountyDemocrat by F. B. Seaton. Removed to Cambridge in 1871.ILLINOIS SWEDE, 1869- - ( ?) Published by Eric Johnson at about:the same time as the Republican, in both Swedish and English.DEMOCRAT, July, 1869-1871 + Started :by a number of Democratswith J. L. Rock as editor. Sold after six months and editedG. Ayers until 1871, when it was changed toby J.JOURNAL, + February, i872-(after 1880) Edited :by W. J. Ward.In April, 1873, W. J. Ward sold to his brother, F. P. Ward, whoin 1874 sold a half interest to J. J. Balch. Both later sold toHenry W. Young, who was stillrunning the paper in 1880. Independentin politics.NEWS, October, 1879, to date: Established by Beall Brothers (Fredand Asa) with Henry Quinn as manager.After one year FredBeall was succeeded by R. H. Wagner, and in another year thefirm sold to Frank Boyd and Wade Errett.UAfter a year TomIn 1883 Boyd BrothersBoyd bought Wade Errett's interest.sold to Elmer E. Fitch, whose firstpaper was issued April 14.In the next year Henry Quinn bought an interest in January, in1903 he sold to Mr. Fitch, who has continued as owner andpublisher. He leased the paper to his son, George Fitch, May 14,1908-1909, and Carroll Ragan became editor and manager.Republican.GARDNER, GRUNDY COUNTYJOURNAL, 1870-1871 Established and conducted by A. K. Stiles.:Republican.GRUNDY COUNTY FARMER, 1871-1872: Morgan and Wilson wereeditors and publishers.INDEPENDENT, 1876-1877: H. H. Parkinson was editor and publisher.

i88ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGENESEO, HENRY COUNTYDEMOCRATIC STANDARD, 1855-1856, 1857-1858: Edited by JamesBowie. In the last year of its existence it favored Democracy.REPUBLIC, 1856 to date: First edited by I. S. Hyatt, 1856-1858;J. M. Allen and O. A. Turner, 1858; Merritt Munson, 1858;Hobbs and Lewis, 1858-1863. In November, 1863, Mr. Hobbsobtained entire control. At the same time Adam Lieberknechtpurchased the Advocate and the two papers were consolidatedand became the Advocate-Republic. Mr. Lieberknecht was stilleditor and publisher in 1879. The paper was Republican. In1907 the Republic was being published by A. Lieberknecht, ason of the former editor.UFCHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHER, 1858-1859: Issued monthly and editedby Merritt Munson.JOURNAL, 1860: A campaign paper started by an association ofRepublicans and edited in turn by James Ireland, George W.Shaw, William Smith, and George A. Hobbs.UNION ADVOCATE, 1862-1863+:Begun by Major James M. Horsford.Sold to Adam Lieberknecht, who united it with theRepublic.HENRY COUNTY NEWS, January, 1874 to date: Established byBelvel and Fisher. Later it was conducted by Belvel andKiner, then by Christian and Kiner. Henry L. Kiner waseditor in 1879. Neutral in politics. By 1879it had become theINDUSTRIAL ADVOCATE AND NEWS :Henry L. Kiner continued aseditor and Christian and Kiner as publishers. Under the nameNews this paper is still published and edited by John Swift. Adaily was begun in 1895. Republican.SUN, 1879-1882: N. Spurlock was editor and publisher. Republican.GENEVA, KANE COUNTYFox RIVER ADVOCATE, 1845+: Published by Robert ThomasJ.and H. Hough. Changed toSTAR OF THE WEST, +1846: Published by H. A Hough and A.E. McKinstry. "In politics," reads the salutatory, "lookingabove and beyond the present party distinctions, aims atnationality its motto is For our; Country at all times to ; approveher when right, to right her when wrong." Only twoissues were printed.FWESTERN MERCURY, 1847-1851+: Published by B. T. Wilson.Joseph Cockroft soon became a partner. Its publication wassuspended from 1851 until 1856, when it was changed to F

OILMAN, IROQUOIS COUNTY 189KANE COUNTY REPUBLICAN, + 1856 to date: John Wilson waseditor and publisher in 1868; S. L. Taylor, 1870-1871 Archer;and Tyrell, 1872-1873; Charles Archer, 1874 until after 1884;James Forrest, 1891 Kane County Publishing Company, 1895 ; ;Charles B. Mead was editor, Mead and Sons publishers in 1907.KANE COUNTY DEMOCRAT: Published by Harrington and M. C.Quillen. In Gerhard and in Coggeshall for 1856.KANE COUNTY ADVERTISER, 1856-1865: Edited by B. T. Wilsonand Mr. Cockroft, 1856-1857; John Wilson, i857~i865(?).GOSPEL BANNER, i857~(after 1869) Edited by Benjamin F.:Wilson. Semi-monthly. Suspended by 1870.REPUBLIC, 1865-1896: Among the editors of the Republic were S.L. Taylor, 1870-1871; Tyrell and Archer, 1871-1873; Mc-Master, Archer and Wheeler, 1873-1876; Mr. Archer, 1876-1884; A. D. Hays, 1884-1887; W. H. Howell and Company1887-1889; J. E. Forrest, 1888-1891; Charles B. Mead, 1891to date. This paper has been Republican. In 1896it wascalled the Twice a Week Republican.GENOA, DEKALB COUNTYNEWS, 1877 : S. S. Tucker was editor and publisher. Republican.GIBSON CITY, FORD COUNTYENTERPRISE, 1872-1873+ Established by N. E. :Stevens, who in1873 sold to Walter Hoge. He changedit toCOURIER, + November, 1873 to date: Established by Walter Hoge.In April, 1875, it was purchased by Emanual Lowry, who conductedit until 1897, except during the year 1884-1885, when itwas published by M. F. Cunningham and John C. Molloy. InJuly, 1897, Mr. Lowry retired and turned the Courier over tohis sons, Charles E. and Russell, who publishedit for two years.Then Russell Lowry's interest was taken by his brother, J. P.,who has since been a member of the firm, which is styled E.Lowry's Sons. The paper has always been Independent-Repub-Files are in the office.lican in politics.GILLESPIE, MACOUPIN COUNTYUNION AND GAZETTE, November, 1860- - (?) : Established by A.W. Edwards, who edited it until 1863. Alonzo James conductedit for a time after Edwards left. It was extremely Democratic.Edwards revived the paperin Bunker Hill in 1866.GILMAN, IROQUOIS COUNTYJOURNAL, 1868-1870: Established by Mathias Custer, editor andpublisher. It continued two years. Independent in politics.

190 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFRUIT GROWER, 1869-1872 : Established by Ed. Rumley. An advertisingsheet.Monthly.SATURDAY STAR, May, 1870 to date: Established by Ed. Rumley,editor and publisher, who was still conducting the paperin 1879; John J. Coon, 1882-1884; R. C. Allen, 1891-1895;A. S. Chapman is now publisher. Independent in politics, buta radical temperance advocate. Complete files in the office.REAL ESTATE JOURNAL, 1870-1871: In 1870 edited and publishedby Ed. Rumley; in 1871 by Cyrus Shinn. An advertising sheet.GIRARD, MACOUPIN COUNTYENTERPRISE, November, 1857-1858+ Edited by Dr. Critchfield,:1857-1858; W. A. Solomon, 1858. Neutral in politics.Changed to:GUIDE, +1858-1859+ The first editor was W. A. Solomon, whowas succeeded by Mr. McChesney, who took a Mr. Canfieldas associate. Changed toNEWS, +1860-1861 Edited by McChesney and William E. Milton.:ENTERPRISE, April, 1865-1867: Begun by a Mr. McChesney andWilliam E. Milton. McChesney retired in October, 1865. InMarch, 1865, citizens bought the paper and turned it over to H.H. Keebler, with William Shook as local editor. After eightmonths it was turned over to Thomas Organ, who changeditspolitical tone from neutral to Republican. It was soon discontinued.REVIEW, 1872-1874+ Begun by William E. Milton. Sold to:Charles E. Fish, who changed the name toDEMOCRATIC CHIEF, +1874+: Under which name it continuedfor four months. Three months later it was revived by WilliamR. Crenshaw and J. H. Power, who soon resumed the nameREVIEW, +1874-1878: J. H. Power was editor and publisher in1878. It continued, under many brief ownerships, until November,1878. It was Democratic, favorable to Greenback ideasfor a time.GAZETTE, January, 1879 * date: Tipton and Stuve, proprietors;William Stuve, editor. It was suspended in April, but publicationwas resumed after a few weeks. A. H. Simmons purchasedStuve's part and edited the Gazette four months, when he soldto Tipton. George L. Tipton published the Gazette until December,1904, when he presented the office to his son, Fred L.Tipton. Neutral in politics. Files are in the office.

GRAND TOWER, JACKSON COUNTY 191GOLCONDA, POPE COUNTYHERALD, 1857-1889+ Established by James D. Mondy. Daniel:Clark was an early editor. Sam Roper was editor in 1868 andthe early 7o's. Robert McGown was publisher in 1868. In1873 A. J. Alden was editor and McGown and Alden publishers ;Thomas McGown, editor, McGown and Brother, publishers,1874-1879. S. L. Spear, D. G. Thompson, Josiah P. Hodge,E. H. Thielecke, and A. B. McDonald each published thepaper before it was consolidated in 1889 with the Enterprise,which had been established in 1887 by Phil A. Craig and SimV. Clanahan. The -Herald Enterprise has been published todate (1907) by Craig and Clanahan. Republican. UPOPE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1878-1880: Phillip V. Field, editor;Thielecke Brothers and Company, publishers.GRAFTON, JERSEY COUNTYBACKWOODSMAN, 1837: A monthly literary and agricultural newspaper.Perry Mason was the proprietor and John Russell, theeditor, 1837-1839. In 1839 it was moved to Jerseyville, thecounty seat.Rock IslandASand proprietor. In 1880 the paper was moved to Jerseyvilleand became the Jersey Independent. Greenback in politics.GRAND DETOUR, OGLE COUNTYPHOENIX, i842-(after 1843): R. B. Wallace was editor and publisher.AINDEPENDENT, 1877-1880: Established by Colonel William H.Edgar. R. R. Claridge was editor and publisher in 1878-1879.Manuscript was prepared at Grafton, printed in office of theJerseyville Republican. In 1878 Claridge purchased necessarymaterials and moved the office to Grafton, becoming sole editorROCK RIVER REGISTER, 1842-1843: By September 16, 1842, thispaper had been removed from Mt. Morris to secure theadvantageof better mail facilities. It was edited by D. C. Dunbar.He died in October. By May 10, 1843, the proprietors wereCharles H. Lamb and A. G. Henderson; in July Hendersonhad withdrawn. It is believed that the Register died in August,and apparentlyit was succeeded by AILLINOIS TRIBUNE, November 14, 1843-- (?): Edited by JohnW. Sweetland. It was the probable successor of the Rock RiverRegister, as it seems to have been printed from the same type.GRAND TOWER, JACKSON COUNTYITEM, 1875-1879: M. F. Swartzcope was proprietor and editor afterthe retirement of Mr. J. P. Stockton. Independent.

I9 2ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGRANT PARK, KANKAKEE COUNTYNEWS, 1876 to date (1879) : J. W. and E. H. Odell were editorsand publishers in 1879.GRANVILLE, PUTNAM COUNTYGAZETTE, 1877-1882 :Spencer Ellsworth was editor and publisheruntil 1882 ;W. B. Tapley, 1882. The paper was printed at theoffice of the Peru Herald. Independent.GRAYVILLE, WHITE COUNTYNEWS, 1853-1854+ : Conducted by J. James Prather. JamesStelle was editor of a humorous portion. It was non-partisan.In 1854it became theHERALD, +1854-1859: Started by J. J. Prather who in a shorttime sold to F. C. Manley. At first a Whig organ, then aRepublican. In 1859 J. Ed. Clarke, associate editor of the Heraldfor two or three years, leased the office of Mr. Manley and issuedthe Independent.JOURNAL, 1856-1858: Edited by William Charles. In 1858it wasmoved to Carmi and name changed to White County Advocate.INDEPENDENT, 1859 to date: Edited and published by J. E. Clarke,1859-1877; Clarke Brothers, 1877-1887; Clarke and Son, 1887to date. Prints an edition under the name of Albion (Edwardscounty) Independent. Republican in politics. Files are in theoffice.UEWEEKLY DEMOCRAT, 1865: Established by a stock company, September,1865; C. S. Legge and M. B. Wood publishers. Itexpired after an existence of ten weeks.REPUBLICAN, 1872-1874: Established by C. I. Williams. Aftersix months Jonathan Stuart purchased the paper and publishedit for one year. November(P), i873-November, 1874, Blackand Holmes were publishers; in November, 1874, the Republicanwas discontinued and the office moved away.CHURCH ADVOCATE, 1878 to date (1879): Lemuel Potter, editorand publisher. A semi-monthly Baptist organ.GREENFIELD, GREENE COUNTYINDEPENDENT. 1869-1870: Established by Morton and Pickett.Mr. Morton absconded after a short time and Mr. Pickett wasobliged to discontinue the paper.COMET, 1870- - ( ?) Established by W. T. Pickett. Short-lived.:LOCOMOTIVE, 1870-1875: A. G. Meacham bought material of theIndependent office and took Mr. Milton as a partner. Mr.Meacham retired. W. T. Pickett became Milton's partner.InH

GREENVILLE, BOND COUNTY 1931874 the paper was sold to C. H. Johnson, who soon abandonedit. In 1 88 1 a paper called the Greenfield Locomotive was beingpublished at White Hall, Green county, as an edition of theRegister.NEWS, 1875: Established by John W. Walker. Independent.Short-lived. The office after being idle for some months wasleased to Byron Orr and another John Walker, who establishedtheDISPATCH, 1876-1877 Walker abandoned the paper in a few days.:After a few months Orr sold out to W. T. Pickett. In 1877 hesold out to Mr. Farris, who was publishing the Greene CountyDemocrat. Office was idle until, in the same year, R. D. Suddethleased it and started theGREENE COUNTY REPUBLICAN, 1877-1878: In 1878 the paper waspurchased by the Greenfield Printing Company, who began thepublication of theWEEKLY ARGUS, March 30, 1878 to date: W. W. Haven was editorand manager. December 8, 1884, on the death of W. W. Haven,his son Victor H. Haven became, and continued, proprietor andeditor.Independent-Republican.GREENUP, CUMBERLAND COUNTYTRIBUNE, 1855-1857: Published by Daniel Marks, 1855-1856;Templeton and Bloomfield, 1856-1857. It was moved toPrairie City.EXPOSITOR, 1859-1860: Published by J. E. Mumford. It alsowas moved to Prairie City. It was a Democratic paper of theDouglas stamp.MAIL, 1871-1874: Established by T. B. Pyles and C. R. Davis,who were editors and publishers, 1871-1872; Edward Hitchcock,1873; Ozier and Cooper, 1874.TIMES, 1874-1888: Published by a Mr. Tobey. Republican.:DEMOCRAT, 1876-1881 Leon Sumerlin and Ed. McClelland wereeditors and publishers.PRESS, 1874 to date: Founded by H. C. Bosworth and soon aftersold to John Cunningham, who continued to edit it until hisdeath, December, 1900. His son Walter H. then assumed thatposition until the paper was sold to O. B. Grant and Sons in1903. O. B. Grant has been editor to the present time, (1909).GREENVILLE, BOND COUNTYPROTESTANT MONITOR, December, 1845-1848: A religious paper.Established and edited by E. M. Lathrop ; published by E. M.Lathrop and James Shoaff. It was "devoted to religious lib-

i 94ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSerty, essential truth, and general intelligence." From thefrequency with which such appellations as liar and ass were used,it seems that the Monitor was a vociferous advocate of its ownpeculiar sort of religious thought. It was removed to Alton in1848. A copy dated Friday, May 8, 1846, is owned by T. B.Shoaff of Shelbyville.HWESTERN EVANGELIST, about 1847: Listed in Illinois AnnualRegister for 1847. Peter Long was editor and owner.JOURNAL, 1848-- (?): Published by John Waite; later by J.T. Alexander. How long this paper continued is not known. Itis listed in Coggeshall's Newspaper Directory for 1856.BARNBURNER, about 1849: Published by J. T. Alexander.AMERICAN COURIER, 1856-1858: Published by Othniel Buchanan. FADVOCATE, 1858 to date: Published by J. T. Alexander, 1858-1863.In 1863 E. J. C. Alexander succeeded his brother; S. C. Mace,1865-1871 ; S. B. Hynes, with T. W. Hynes as editor, 1871-1873 ;George M. Tatham, 1873-1893; W. W. Lowis, 1893. SinceMay i, 1908, the Advocate has been owned by W. W. Lowisand Will C. Carson, who are editors and publishers. Republican.Copies of these papers, except Barnburner, in office ofAdvocate.BOND COUNTY DEMOCRAT, June 2, i876-January 25, 1877+:Established by J. B. Anderson, who sold it in January, 1877, toBoll and Clark, who changed the name toSUN, + February, 1877 to date: Independent with Democraticleanings. Edited and published by William Boll and FordyceC. Clark to 1884; Vallee Harold, 1884-1891 Charles E. Davidson,1891-1901 Will C.;; Wright, 1901-1905 ;Charles E. Maynard,1905 to date.TIMES, 1870: A short-lived paper, established by Smith and Perryman.GRIDLEY, MCLEAN COUNTYHOME JOURNAL, 1865 to date (1884): Printed at the office of theEl Paso Journal.MONITOR, i87 3-i876(?): Edited by R. E., M. F., and C. W.Bovard, of Lexington, 1875; John and Bovard, 1876.GRIGGSVILLE, PIKE COUNTYPIKE COUNTY FREE PRESS, 1846-- (?): See Pittsfield.This had been a Pittsfield paper.PIKE COUNTY UNION, + 1855( ?)-i856(?) +: Edited by M. H. Abbott.A file in the Library of Congress,May 2, i855~June 9, 1856, shows that during that periodit was printed in Griggsville and dated for Griggsville and Pittsfield.AF

INDEPENDENT, 1868-1871 :HARRISBURG, SALINE COUNTY 195Established by T. W. Hervey, who wasits editor. Local paper, neutral in politics.INDEPENDENT PRESS, September, 1879 to date: Published by A.Hughs and Nelson. In 1889 the paper was sold to E. E. Williamson,who still conducts it.Independent.HAMILTON, HANCOCK COUNTYREPRESENTATIVE, 1859-1862: Edited by Thomas Gregg. Semimonthlyin 1860, monthly in 1862.PGREGG'S DOLLAR MONTHLY AND OLD SETTLERS' MEMORIAL, May,i873-December, 1875: Established and edited and publishedby Thomas Gregg. With vol. 3 Gregg's was dropped from thetitle. With vol. 4 the title was changed to HDOLLAR RURAL MESSENGER, January, i876-April 1877: Greggand Brown were editors and publishers. Issued simultaneouslyat Hamilton and Keokuk, Iowa."A paper for the family circle,the farm, the garden, the orchard.immoral advertisements admitted."A pure literature." "NoHHAMPSHIRE, KANE COUNTYGAZETTE, 1877-- (?): Established by C. E. Howe. Short-lived.HARDIN, CALHOUN COUNTYCALHOUN COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1871-1876: Albert G. Ansell waseditor and publisher, 1871-1876. A Republican paper.CALHOUN HERALD, 1872 to date: Established by a stock companywith John Lammy as editor. In 1876 the plant was sold toArgust and Keating. In 1879 Greathouse and Argust wereeditors and publishers; James McNabb was editor, 18801886,then he sold to T. J. Selby, who was editor until 1890. J. D.Rose was editor and proprietor, 1890 to 1894; H. M. Cornick,1894-1895; Charles H. Lamar, 1895-1902. H. M. Cornick,publisher of the Calhoun Times, established 1901, bought theHerald in 1902 and combined the papers as the Calhoun Times-Herald; 1903, Charles H. Lamar bought the entire plant,changed the name back to Calhoun Herald, and is still editorand proprietor. The paperis Democratic.HARRISBURG, SALINE COUNTYCHRONICLE, 1859 to date: Edited by John F. Conover, 1859-1867;J. F. Burks, 1867-1870; Mr. Conover again, 1870-1873; Conoverand F. M. Pickett, 1873-1876; J. W. Richardson, 1876;F. M. Pickett, 1876-1878; Harrisburg Printing Company, 1878-1881 ; Otey and Richardson by lease from Mr. Pickett, 1881-1885; Mr. Pickett, 1885 to 1889; Mr. Richardson and J. J.

196 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSPickett, 1889-1899; Richardson and Charles Scott, 1899-1902;Richardson, 1902-1908; A. H. Andrews and John H. Shup,1908-1909; Shup and J. M. Hutchinson to date. Files to 1873owned by Mr. Conover; files 1873-1896 destroyed byfire. In1873 the Chronicle absorbed the Saline County Register, and in1 88 1 the Saline County Sentinel. The Chronicle is a Republicanpaper, having become so, after various changes, in 1878. ESALINE COUNTY REGISTER, 1869-1873; 1898 to date: Establishedby F. M. Pickett. Mr. Pickett revived the Register in 1898 andedited it until his death in 1906. At that time J. J. Pickett becameeditor and proprietor. The Daily Register was establishedNovember, 1908. August 21, 1909, the Register PublishingCompany was incorporated with J. J. Pickett as president andE. M. DeAhna as secretary. Democratic until August 21, 1909.Since that date Republican. Files 1898 to date in the office.SALINE COUNTY SENTINEL, 1878-1881+: In 1879 John F. Conoverwas editor; J. F. Conover and J. R. Pearce, publishers. JohnF. Conover alone, 1880; in 1881 the Sentinel and Chronicle werecombined as Chronicle-Sentinel. Later Sentinel was droppedfrom the name.HARVARD, McHENRY COUNTYINDEPENDENT, 1865 to date: Established by Thomas G. Newman,with H. V. Reed as editor. In 1866 Reed became owner and associatedwith himself a Mr. Tuttle. In 1867 Tuttle and Reedwere editors and publishers. The same year, Horniday andBlake bought the paper. Blake sold to Smith Hooker, who soldin turn to A. McLaughlin; 1872, McLaughlin and A. Leland;1877, Gardiner and Knox. These owners soon sold to GeorgeWhite, who in a year sold to J. and G. W. Hanna (G. W. Hannaand Son), editors and publishers in 1879. After a year, thepaper was sold to James White ;then at a sheriff's sale, to N. B.Burtch, January 29, 1881. Burtch sold to O. S. Eastman,October 2, 1895. He retired August 29, 1895, and sold to MertonJ. Emerson and Eugene Saunders. Saunders sold to EmersonApril i, 1908, and M. J. Emerson has continued the publication.Vols. 2, 3, 17 to date in the office.Republican inpolitics.HAVANA, MASON COUNTYMASON COUNTY HERALD, 1851-1857: Edited and published byMcKinzie and Roberts, 1851-1853; O. H. Wright, 1853; E. L.Grubb, 1853; Stout and Weeden, 1853; W. W. Stout soon becamesole editor and proprietor. The Herald was an ardentYoung America paper.F

HENNEPIN, PUTNAM COUNTY 197JOURNAL, 1857-1858: Run by J. J. Knapp. Moved to MasonCity.SQUATTER SOVEREIGN, 1859-1861 : James M. Davidson was itseditor.POST, 1 86 1 : A Democratic paper run by John B. Wright.BATTLE AXE, 1862 : A Republican paper run by Robert L. Durdy.VOTER, i864(?): A campaign paper.VOLUNTEER, 1865-1867 A :Republican paper run by W. W. Stout.DEMOCRATIC TRUE UNIONIST, 1866-1870: Selah Wheadon waseditor and publisher in 1869. Democratic.LEDGER, 1867-1870: In 1869 William Humphreyville was editorand publisher. Republican.GAZETTE, 1869-1873: A Republican paper run by D. G. Swan.REVEILLE, 1870-1871 : A Republican paper established by D. G.Swan. Short-lived.DEMOCRATIC CLARION, 1870-1877: Established by Selah Wheadonand William Humphreyville. In 1874-1877 Wheadon alonewas editor and publisher. It was apparently continued as MasonCounty Democrat.MASON COUNTY DEMOCRAT, i878(?) to date: In 1879 Mounts andMurdock were editors and publishers. They sold to S. A. Murdockin 1879; he sold to S. D. McCaulley in 1889; John A.Muhlhof, 1890-1906; M. Bollam and Company, 1906 toDemocratic.MASON COUNTY REPUBLICAN, 1873 to date: From 1874 to 1880,F. Ketcham was editor; C. B. Ketcham, publisher. In 1882Warner and Omstott were editors and publishers P. F. Warner;was editor and publisher in 1884 and in 1891. It was laterowned by W. C. McKinney and sold by his estate to R. B. Ruthabout 1905. He sold in 1909 to Edward Wilson.HENNEPIN, PUTNAM COUNTYEdate.JOURNAL, 1837-1838: Edited and published by Dr. Wilson Everett.GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION, November 8, i838-September8, 1839: Edited by Benjamin Lundy, assisted by ZebinaEastman, who after Lundy's death, August 22, got out the laterissues. The previous career of this publication is given as followsin the first number issued in Illinois, on November 8, 1838,vol. 16, no. i: "It was commenced in 1821; issued a fewmonths in Ohio; nearly three years in Tennessee; eight yearsin Maryland and the District of Columbia; and the residue ofthe period stated it has been published irregularly in the city ofPhiladelphia. ... Its principal design has ever been and will

i 9 8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONScontinue to be the advocacy of Free Discussion; the TOTALABOLITION OF SLAVERY; and the firm establishment ofthe constitutional, inalienable, and 'universal' RIGHTS OF MAN."In Hennepin it was the organ of the Illinois Anti-Slavery Society.Genius has been called the first abolition paper in America. Itwas printed at Lowell.SHHERALD, 1845-1848: Edited by Philip Lynch.TRIBUNE, 1856-1859: Edited by Birney and Duncan. FPUTNAM COUNTY STANDARD, 1860-1864: Established by Grablebrothers, who went to war and left the paper to their father, J.F. Grable, with Thomas Stan ton, editor. In 1861 it was editedby W. H. G. Burney, and in 1863 by J.S. Grable. Moved toWenona.PUTNAM RECORD, June 23, 1868, to date: Established by I. H. Cook,who was editor and publisher until his death, April 7, 1909.Publication is continued by C. W. Cook. Neutral in politics.Files in the office. UHENRY, MARSHALL COUNTYCOURIER, 1852-1866: Edited by R. H. Ruggles, 1852-1863; C.S. and J. D. Woodward, 1863-1866. June, 1866, the Courierand the Marshall County Telegraph were consolidated as theMarshall County Republican. File, 1852-1863 of Courier, inpossession of Mark Ruggles of Mendota, Illinois.MARSHALL COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1863-1864: Established by CharlesR. Fisk, April n, 1863. In July or August, 1864, F. M. Millsbecame publisher, continuing the paper but a few months.MARSHALL COUNTY TELEGRAPH/ April, 1865-1866+ Established:by Spencer S. Burdick. In September, 1865, George Burt,Jr., purchased an interest, and the firm became Burdickand Burt. June, 1866, a consolidation of the Henry Courierand the Marshall County Telegraph was effected and the paperchanged to theMARSHALL COUNTY REPUBLICAN, +1866 to date (1899): S. S.Burdick, George Burt, Jr., and J. D. Woodward were proprietorsfrom June to September, 1866; Burt and Woodward, September,1866, to January, 1869; George Burt, Jr., January,1869-1899. At one time there was a separate edition of thispaper issued as the Putnam County Register. The name finallybecame the Henry Republican. File, 1852-1863, in possessiorof George Burt. U1 The information here given seems regularand credible, but apaper bearing thesame name is listed by Coggeshall in his newspaper directory for 185 6 as publishedin Henry. The directories often breathe a seeming life into papers long dead, andsometimes list papers merely projected and never started, but this is rather toofarseeing as a forecast.

HILLSBORO, MONTGOMERY COUNTY 199BULLETIN,- (?)- (?): A small paper, published severalyears.REFORMED MISSIONARY, 1871- (?): Edited by Rev. C. Cort,and printed for some time, at the Republican office. It wasmoved away and in 1880 was defunct.COMING WOMAN, (?)- (?): Edited by Mrs. M. E. De-Geer, published for two years from the Republican office ;afterwardmoved to Chicago. By 1880 it had been discontinued.HIGHLAND, MADISON COUNTYERZAEHLER, March 26-May 7, 1859+: Established by RudolphStadtmann and John Harlen, Stadtmann, editor. April 30Stadtmann became sole publisher. On May 7, 1859, the namewas changed toHIGHLAND BOTE, +May 7,:i859~January 12, 1867+ Peter Weissand Peter Voegele became proprietors, Weiss editor, June 25-December 21, 1859. Peter Voegele became sole proprietor andpublisher, with Heinrich Stiefel as editor from March i, 1861,to August 17, 1862. On April 10, 1863, Voegele sold out toTimothy Gruaz, who changed the name toHIGHLAND BOTE UNO SCHUETZEN-ZEITUNG, + January 12, 1867-:1869+ June, 1868, Gruaz sold out to B. E. Hoffmann andMaurice Huegy, Hoffmann, editor. November, 1869, Hoffmannpurchased Huegy's interest and moved the material to Edwardsville,where the paper was continued as the Madison CountyBole. The Bote was Democratic. Under the name of Bate undSchuetzen-Zeitung it was the official organ of the National Sharpshooters'Association.UNION, October 24, 1863-1868+: German. Established by theGerman Literary Society. C. H. Seybt was editor until January28, 1865, then Dr. Gallus Rutz. December 28, 1866, Dr. G. Rutzand J. S. Hoerner became proprietors, with Dr. Rutz, editor.October 22, 1868, the name was changed toHIGHLAND UNION, +1868 to date: JohnS. Hoerner became soleproprietor and editor March 18, 1874. In September, 1898,Hoerner sold out to C. T. Kurz, who is still in possession, 1909.The Union has always been Republican.UHILLSBORO, MONTGOMERY COUNTYPRAIRIE BEACON, 1838-1839: First published by Hayward andHolmes and edited by Aaron Clapp. Eugene Hayward ofIndianapolis has a file. Files after 1885 in office of the Journal.PRAIRIE MIRROR, 1850-1856+: Published by Gilmore Brothers,and edited by Francis Springer, 1850-1851. A weekly paper ofWhig sympathies. In the reconstruction of political parties the

200 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMirror became the exponent of the Know-Nothing party. Afile is owned by John W. Kitchell of Pana. Mr. Dickerson, aseditor and proprietor, 1854-1856, changed the name toMONTGOMERY COUNTY HERALD, +1856-1868+: Published byJames Blackman; then by C. D. Dickerson; later by J. W. Kitchelland F. H. Gilmore to 1860. From 1858-1860it was anIndependent paper. In 1860 it was sold to Davis, Turner andCompany, who ran it through the campaign as a Democraticpaper. In 1868 it came into the possession of E. J. C. Alexander,who changedits name to EFDEMOCRAT, +1868-1874+: Claiming to be a Democratic paper,it was in full accord with the Granger movement. In 1874itbecame theANTI-MONOPOLIST, +1874-- (?)+: A zealous exponent of theGranger movement. Mr. Alexander, the proprietor, changedthe name again to theBLADE, -\ (?)-i877+: A Republican paper, sold by Mr.Alexander in 1877 to James L. Slack, who changed the name toJOURNAL, +1877 to date: James L. Slack, 1877-1881; Charles R.Fruitt, 1881-1895; B. F.Boyd, 1895-1898; Josiah Bixler, 1898-1907. It was bought by Sam Little in 1907.ILLINOIS FREE PRESS, 1859-1 862(?): A Republican paper, editedby D. W. Munn; later by J. B. Hutchinson and James Munn.It was suspended, and revived asUNION MONITOR, 1863 (?)+: Editors and proprietors:JohnW. Kitchell, 1863-1865 ; J. E. Henry 1865 - (?).Mr. Alexanderwas for a time proprietor, but he sold to B. S. Hood. Itwas removed to Litchfield and became the Monitor. (Rowellstates [1868] that Benjamin S. Hood and Company were editorsand publishers at that date, and that the paper was publishedfrom the office of the Litchfield Union Monitor.) This paperisnow the News-Monitor, published by the Litchfield PrintingCompany.NEWS LETTER, 1869+: An outgrowth of the Monitor, conductedby C. L. and E. T. Bangs. Slack and Tobin bought the NewsLetter and changedittoJOURNAL, -I (?)-i875+ : C. T. Tobin sold to Slack, who sold toBen E. Johnson and Charles T. Tobin in 1875. It had beenRepublican in politics. Johnson and Tobin changedit toMONTGOMERY NEWS, +1875 to date: The paper now becameDemocratic. In 1876 Johnson sold his interest to George W.Paisley, and in 1882 Paisley and Tobin sold to Benjamin E.Johnson. In 1892 the paper was purchased by C. W. and C. P.Bliss, who are its present publishers.U

HUTSONVILLE, CRAWFORD COUNTY 201HINCKLEY, DEKALB COUNTYREVIEW, 1878 to date: Established by M. N. Tomblin. After sixmonths L. E. Tomblin was associated; in 1880 H. W. Fayentered the firm, which became Tomblin Brothers and Fay.Fay became sole owner in 1882. It was later conducted by Fayand Hubbard, who sold to R. D. Chappell, July i, 1909.HOMER, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYJOURNAL, 1859-1870: It was edited by George Knapp for a companyof citizens until he entered the army. In 1865 John W.Summers resuscitated the Journal, which soon passed inco thehands of W. H. Rhodes. Mr. Rhodes was succeeded by JohnS. Harper, who continued it until 1870. Mr. Harper was continuallymoving the office from place to place in the county.(See Brink, McDonough's History oj Champaign County, 43.)PRESS, 1873-1876: Established by John S. Harper and Son. In1876 W. Harper and E. P. Dill were editors, Ed. S.Harper publisher.ENTERPRISE, 1877 to date: Established by J. C. Cromer; J. B.Martin, editor. Erwin A. Baker, 1882-1884; J. B. Martin,1891-1895. Republican.NEWS, 1877 to date (1879) : J. H. Young was editor and publisherin 1879.HOOPESTON, VERMILLION COUNTYCHRONICLE, January, 1872 to date: Established by Seavey and Wallaceas North Vermillion Chronicle, and continued under thatname for one year. Sold January, 1877, to L. F. Watson. July,1877, Mr. Watson sold to Dale Wallace, member of the firm ofSeavey and Wallace, who established the paper. July, 1882,Charles W. Warner bought the paper and is still in editorialcharge. J. J. Pittser became partner and business manager in1903, but retired four years later leaving Charles W. Warner insole charge. Republican. Daily and weekly. One file of thepaper is owned by Dale Wallace; one is in the office.HUEY, CLINTON COUNTYCLEMENT REGISTER, i875(?)-i883: Established by J. W. Petersonat Clement (now Huey) and continued until 1883, when hemerged it in the Carlyle Banner.HUTSONVILLE, CRAWFORD COUNTYWABASH SENTINEL, June 5, 1852-1853+ :A politically independentpaper published by George W. Cutler. Changed to

202 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJOURNAL, +1853-1854:It was a Whig paper under the control ofE. Callahan. Edited at first by Charles T. Cutler.CRAWFORD BANNER, 1857-1858: A non-partisan paper edited byW. F. Rubottom. It was moved to Palestine.NEWS, 1874-1875:N. M. P. Spurgeon was editor and publisher.HYDE PARK, COOK COUNTYSOUTH SIDE NEWS, 1871-1875: Van Sant and Company wereeditors and publishers in 1875.NEWS, 1872 S. Usmar Downs was editor and publisher.:DAILY SUN, i872-i878(?): H. L. Goodall and Company wereeditors and publishers. (See Chicago.)ILLINOISTOWN, ST. CLAIR COUNTYAMERICAN BOTTOM REPORTER, 1841-1842 Published :by Vital Jarrottand Company. Gustav Koerner in his Memoirs has saidthat this was a Native American paper, published in 1841-1842. lNATIONAL BANK, fall of 1842: A Whig campaign paper editedby W. Weigley and published by S. D. Sumrix. It was to be"devoted to the advocacy of Henry Clay for the presidentialchair, a National Bank, the tariff, and the protection of homeindustry."ILLIOPOLIS, SANGAMON COUNTYCITIZEN, 1879-1880 : J. W. Wolfe was editor and publisher. Printedat Mt. Pulaski as an issue of a paper there of identical name.IPAVA, FULTON COUNTYFULTON PRESS, 1874+ Established :by G. A. Hyde. Soon passedto Mr. Flake, who changed the name toFULTON PHOENIX, +1874+: And after a short time removed it toAstoria. In 1877it was purchased by Leigh and Miller, whoreturned the office to Ipava and changed its name to:INDEPENDENT, +1877+ After a period of two months they soldthe entire establishment to A. H. McKeighan, who immediatelychanged its name toSTREAM OF LIGHT, +i877~(after 1879): McKeighan continued aseditor and proprietor for several yearsJACKSONVILLE, MORGAN COUNTYWESTERN OBSERVER, May, 1830: Published by James G. Edwards."Devoted to politics, education, and religion."1Evidently this is the same paper as American Bottom Gazette of East St.Louis (of which Illinoistown was the earlier name).

JACKSONVILLE, MORGAN COUNTY 203ILLINOIS PATRIOT, December 20, 1831-1837+: It was a Whigpaper edited until 1837 by Charles Jones and James G. Edwards,who later founded the Burlington Hawkeye. Edwards wassucceeded by Governor Duncan. In 1837 Josiah M. Lucasbecame its owner and he changedit to theAEMILLINOISAN, +i837-April 9, 1844: It was first edited by A. H.Buckner and Colonel John J. Hardin and afterwards by Mr.Lucas himself until 1843, when he leased the office to J. M.Hodge and William C. Swett. Hodge became editor aboutMay i, 1843, and Hodge and Swett were publishers until April 9,1844, when the paper was discontinued. HAJACKSONVILLE BANNER AND MORGAN COUNTY ADVERTISER, 1832-( ?) : Published by Charles Jones and Company, who evidentlyhad withdrawn from his connection with Edwards in thePatriot.ANEWS, April, 1834-- (?) + : Established by Robert Goudy, Sr. 1By the beginning of 1835it had been combined with the nextfollowing paper.ILLINOIS STATE GAZETTE, October, 1834- (?)+' Probablyestablished by S. S. Brooks. By the beginning of 1835it hadbeen combined with the News asILLINOIS STATE GAZETTE AND JACKSONVILLE NEWS, +i835(?)-(?) The issue for January : 17, 1835, bears the double numbering13 and 35 for the respective numbers of the combination.The paper was then edited and published by S. S. Brooks andJohn H. Pettit. On February 10, 1836, the double numberingwas dropped, the older series being retained. Pettit withdrewJuly 12, 1836, and Brooks continued the paper alone for a time.After a period of suspension publication was resumed April 22,1837, by S. S. Brooks, W. W. Curran, and D. G. Day. Thispartnership was dissolved November n, 1837, and Brooks alonecontinued the paper for a short time. Democratic. ALIBERTY'S SENTINEL, August, 1835- - ( ?) Edited by William H.:Coyle. "Devoted to the interests of the Federal party." Probablyshort-lived.COMMON SCHOOL ADVOCATE, January, 1837- (?): The firstpublication devoted exclusively to the cause of education publishedin the " Great Far West." Edited and published by Calvinand Ensley T. Goudy. 2ILLINOIS STANDARD, March 10, 1838-1839: A Democratic paper,published by S. S. Brooks. It was probably a continuation ofGazette and News. Toward the close of 1838 the title wasIntroduction.1Trans. III. State Hist. Soc., IQO?, p. 316.2 Ibid. 1906, p. 336, Rev. Theron Baldwin is mentioned as editor. See

204 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSchanged to Spirit of the West and Illinois Standard. Publicationstopped about the close of 1839. It was resumed as AILLINOIS DEMOCRAT, May 20, 1840-1842 A. V. Putnam was publisher;he was succeeded after a few months by William C.:Swett.ACHRISTIAN MESSENGER, i843(?) Published by A. V. Putnam, :presumablyafter he discontinued the Illinois Standard. It was atthe office of this paper that the Illinois Statesman was printed.MORGAN JOURNAL, 1845-1858+: It was a Whig paper edited byB. ShawWilliam H. Sigler and published by W. C. Swett; J.was editor in 1847 later Dr. E. R. Roe, Paul Selby, under whom;the paper became Republican at the time the party was organized,and W. H. Collins, who changed the name in 1858, when it becametheSFJACKSONVILLE JOURNAL, +1858 to date: First under the managementof William H. Collins with H. Barden as printer; Collinsleft the paper September 26, 1861, putting the management in thehands of W. C. Brown. Barden soon became publisher andcontinued until November 17, 1864. Through this critical timeH. J. Atkins, William W. Jones, and others were editors. Bardenwas succeeded by Ironmonger and Mendenhall ; they weresucceeded by Ironmonger and Colonel G. P. Smith, editor, in1865. The Daily Journal was started April 14, 1866; ColonelSmith was editor and sole proprietor from 1867-1869. HoraceChapin and Lyman B. Glover, editor, were publishers from1869-1874, when Mr. Glover sold to Horace R. Hobart, whowas part proprietor for one year. In 1875 Hobart sold to MiltonF. Simmons, who became editor. Chapin sold in April, 1876,to Charles M. Eames; Simmons withdrew in 1878, and Eameswas sole proprietor and managing editor until 1886, when thepaper was incorporated under the name of the JacksonvilleJournal Company. At present Hawes Yates is president, S. W.Nichols is treasurer and W. L. Fay is secretary. Mr. Nicholsis editor. Files since 1859 in the office. SEWESTERN STAR, January 7, i845-i846(?) A : publication editedby Rev. A. Bailey. "Devoted to religion, virtue, and knowledge."Baptist semi-monthly, printed by Wm. C. Swett. HSHILLINOIS STATESMAN, April 29, i843~May 27, 1844: Jonathan B.Turner was editor and proprietor and the paper was printed atthe office of the Christian Messenger. It stood for " true Republicanismagainst all Locofocos and Demagogues, whether pretendedWhigs or Democrats " and was remarkable for its independence.

JACKSONVILLE, MORGAN COUNTY 205JACKSON STANDARD/ about 1847: Mentioned in Illinois AnnualRegister for 1847. Edited by J. S. and E. W. Roberts. Democratic.CONSTITUTIONIST, i852-(after 1855) Its editors were Dr. E. R. Roe : ;T. H. Cavanaugh; John M. Taggart. A daily was tried fora while but failed. A file of the Daily Constitutionist, February,ASi854~May, 1855, is in Illinois College Library, Jacksonville.TRI-WEEKLY PRESS, 1852: A Whig paper published by T. H.Cavanaugh.SHATCHET, November, 1855 edited and published by W. T. Davis.:ILLINOIS SENTINEL, 1855-1876 Edited by : J. R. Bailey, 1855-1873 ;Fanning and Paradice, 1873-1874; Gershom Martin, 1874-1876. It was published weekly and advocated the cause of firstthe Whigs and next the Democrats. Illinois was dropped fromthe title. Combined with Enterprise to form the Courier. Filesowned by Mrs. J. H. Hackett, Jacksonville. SARGUS, 1859: Published by N. B. Walker. Short-lived.CAMPAIGN ARGUMENT, 1860: Issued by C. J. Sellon. Short-lived.DISPATCH, 1861-1862 : Published by E. S. Trover.INDEPENDENT, 1869-1874: Established by Ironmonger and Fink.Henry E. Fink was editor; Ensley Moore, assistant editor. In1873 it was sold to Gershom Martin later W. Y. Dowdall; purchasedan interest; later Fanning, Paradice, and Company ofof the Sentinel.SDEAF-MUTE ADVANCE, 1870 to date: A four-page weekly for deafand dumb persons. Established by Phillip G. Gillett and FrankRead. Edited and published by Frank Read until 1892, whenhe associated with him Frank Reed, Jr. In January, 1898, thename was changed to New Era, and in 1903 to Illinois Advance.The publication was turned over to the Illinois School for theDeaf in 1900, since which time W. H Clifford has been editor.NATIONAL CROP REPORTER, 1873: Greene and Coulter were editorsand publishers.ENTERPRISE, 1874-1876+: Established by James S Hambaugh.Daily established in 1876. In 1876 T. D. Price and Companypurchased this and the Sentinel office and changed the name toILLINOIS COURIER, +1876 to date: Edited by J.D. Price and Company,1876-1882; Doying and Hinrichsen, 1882-1886, and from1886-1892 Mr. Case was a partner; G. E. Doying and G. E.Doying's Sons, 1892 to date. The Courier is Republican. Thefiles in the office are incomplete until after 1882.1Listed as here stated, but probably it belongs under Shawneetown.

206 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMORGAN MONITOR, 1876- (?): Listed in Rowell for 1880 as aGreenback publication established in 1876. J. R. Miller andJ. C. Rahe were editors and publishers.COLLEGE RAMBLER, 1878-- (?): Published by the students ofIllinois College. At first monthly, later semi-monthly.JEFFERSONVILLE, WAYNE COUNTYCHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR, April, 1872 Removed from McLeansboro:to Jeffersonville by George P. Slade. Slade was the editor, andC. E. Wolfe the publisher. The paper was a dogmatic devoteeof the cause of the Christian Church, and did not live pastDecember of its birth-year.CHRISTIAN HERALD, 1872 : Elder J. W. Stone was editor and publisher.WAYNE COUNTY CENTRAL, 1873:Established by C. E. Wolfe andR. A. Moss and published from the office of the defunct ChristianInstructor. In 1873 Moss was succeeded by J. M. Tracy, whotook the office to Fairfield. In a short time Israel and Wolfe soldit to Professor W. S. Scott. Republican in politics.THE EVANGELIST AT WORK, 1879: Established by Wall and Tracy.Continued one year, and then the office was closed. This wasa church organ, devoted to "primitive Christianity.": E. J. Hart, editor; Tracy, publisher. Thiswas a Sunday school organ, name unknown, which continuedthrough eight months.JERSEYVILLE, JERSEY COUNTYBACKWOODSMAN AND JERSEY AND GREEN COUNTIES ADVERTISER,+ 1839-1842+: Published at Grafton by Perry Mason. 1837-1839; edited by A S. Tilden, 1840-1842 (see Grafton). ChangedtoNEWSPAPER, +1842-1856+: Edited by Flitcher and Parenteau,1842-1854; Thomas Wright. 1854-1856. Changed toDEMOCRATIC UNION, + 1854-1865 + : A Democratic paper establishedby Thomas Wright, edited by H. H. Howard, 1857-1858; J. C.Dobelbower, 1858-1865. In 1865it was bought by a stockcompany and the name changed toJERSEY COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1865 to date: Edited by AugustusC. Smith, 1865-1866; edited and published by T. J. Selby, 1866-1869; A. A. Wheelock and L. L. Burr, 1869-1870; J. A. J.Birdsall and J. I.McGready 1870-1871; J. J. McGready, 1871-October, 1880: J. M. Page, 1880 to date. The Daily Democratwas established in 1896 and still continues. Files since 1865in the office.

JOLIET, WILL COUNTY 207FAMILY AND FARM JOURNAL, 1868-1870: Edited and publishedby Thomas D. Worrall. A monthlyPRAIRIE STATE/ 1850-1864: Established by Augustus Smith In1864 the Republican Club of Jersey county purchased the PrairieState of A. S. Smith, then editor and proprietor. A. C. Claytonedited the paper for the club, 1860-1862; Laubson Williams,1862 to 1863 or 1864, when it came to an end. SFJERSEY INDEPENDENT: See Grafton.REGISTER, 1865-1868 Established by Frederick S. Houghawout, editorand proprietor. In 1867 sold to L. Williams, who afterwards:moved to Topeka, Kansas, and his son, Charles F. ,leased theoffice and became editor and publisher. In 1868 the office waspurchased by Colonel G. P. Smith of the Jacksonville Journal,who established theREPUBLICAN, 1869-1880+ William H. Edgar was editor. In 1869:Chapin and Glover became proprietors; Edgar continued aseditor. In 1870 Edgar became sole editor and proprietor. In1880 the paper was consolidated with Examiner as RepublicanExaminer. Edgar and Locke conducted it until 1885, whenLocke retired and was succeeded by Frank M. Roberts. In twomonths Edgar retired. Will H. Hedley became proprietor.EXAMINER, August, 1878-1880+ Owned : by a stock companyunder the name of Jersey ville Publishing Company. J. SterlingHarper was editor. Advocate of temperance cause. In threemonths the paper was leased by the editor, Harper, who withdrewentirely in two weeks. Morris R. Locke became editor and continueduntil September 10, 1880, when it consolidated with theRepublican.JOLIET, WILL COUNTY:COURIER, 1839-1843+ Called the Joliet Courier. A Democraticpaper started by thirteen citizens of Joliet, three of whom,Charles Clement, Edmund Wilcox and Hugh Henderson, werethe publishers. Its editor and printer was C. H. Balch. Aftermany changes it passed over to D. S. Gregg and W. P. Hudson.In 1843it was purchased by William E. Little, who changedittoPSIGNAL, +1843-1893: Published by Judge S. W. Randall, 1844-1845; S. O. Stillman, 1845-1846; in 1846 it was sold to C. andC. Zarley, one of whom held an interest in it until it was sus-1A history of Jersey County gives 1857 as the year in which this paper wasstarted; but it is listed in Coggeshall's newspaper directory for 1856, a copy ofvol. 3, no. 52, dated August 26, 1853, is in the New York State Library, and acopy of vol. 4, no. 20, dated January 14, 1854, is in the Illinois State HistoricalLibrary. Augustus Smith was editor and proprietor at that time.

ao8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSpended. The interest of the junior Zarley was bought in 1874by Peter Shutts. Edward D. Conley was the last proprietor.Democratic. Sold to the News about 1893. PFTRUE DEMOCRAT, 1847-1862+: A Whig paper, later Republican,published by Alexander Mclntosh, 1847-1849; H. N. Marsh,1849-1852; Mr. Mclntosh, 1852-1856. In 1856 Mr. Mclntoshsold to Joseph L. Braden, who in 1862 changed the name to FREPUBLICAN, +1862-1869+: Conducted by Joseph L. Braden.On his death in 1869 James Goodspeed bought the paper andchanged the name toAREPUBLIC, +1869-1883+: A daily was established about 1879.January i, 1883, Goodspeed bought the daily and weekly Sunof C. B. Hay ward and merged the two papers into the Republicand Sun. Upon his death, October 17, 1885, the paper waspurchased by Robert Mann Woods, who changed the name toRepublican, daily and weekly, and the paper is still publishedunder that name. Files since 1884 in the Public Library. PHSUN, 1872-1883+ Established by C. W. Hay ward. Daily in 1874.:United with the Republic in 1883.PHURECORD, 1870-1883 Established by D. C. Henderson. Sold to W.:W. Stevens in 1880, when a daily issue was begun. Sold to theNews in 1883. Democratic.WILL COUNTY COURIER, 1874-1884: Moved from Lockport about1874. H. W. Cook was edicor. Published part of the time as adaily up to about 1884. A Granger organ.HERALD, 1875-1876: Established by Roos and Rohr. Roos andSchmidt were editors and publishers in 1876.PHOENIX, January, 1877 (?): J. S. McDonald, editor andproprietor. This was the home office of a circuit of Phoenixeslocated at Joliet, Lockport, Wilmington, Lemont, Braidwood,Peotone, and Plainfield. Each had its own local editor.NEWS, April, 1877 to date : A morning paper established by CharlesF. Dutcher as an Independent. Bought in October, 1877, byNelson, Ferriss, and Company, who made it a Greenback organand added a weekly edition called Greenback News. Files of theNews complete to date in the Joliet Public Library.PWOCHENBLATT, i877-i88o(?) A German : paper, moved fromBeecher by Charles M. Henssgen; ran about three years;Mentioned in Ayer for 1881.JONESBORO, UNION COUNTYGAZETTE, 1849 to date: This paper was established and edited byThomas J. Finley and John Evans. They sold it to H. E. Hempstead,who conducted it for nearly two years, and then John

KANE, GREENE COUNTY 209Grear appeared as editor, 1855-1857. Then itpassed into thehands of Governor Dougherty and espoused the cause of Democracyas representea by Stephen A. Douglas, but later it supportedthe principles of the Breckenridge wing. The paper was nextsold to a joint stock company, and edited by Mr. McKinney.In 1860 it came under the control of James Evans, who, in 1861,sold it to William Jones. In 1863it was suppressed because itinterfered with the work of recruiting volunteers. The order ofsuppression was soon revoked and the publication was revivedby Joel G. Morgan, who, in 1864, sold it to J. D. Ferryman.During the greater part of its existence up to this time it waseditea by Dr. Sidney S. Condon. T. F. Bouton became ownerin 1866. He sold in 1893 to A. S. Tibbets, the present ownerand editor. Bouton is said to have made the Gazette the mostinfluential Democratic paper in southern Illinois, and to havebeen himself the most widely known of Illinois country editors.Files (incomplete to 1864) in the Aoffice.UNION COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1858: It was established by a jointstock company and edited by A. H. Marscholk. It was a Douglaspaper intended to counteract the influence of the Gazette,which was then an anti-Douglas organ. After the election of 1858the office was moved to Anna.UNION COUNTY RECORD, 1860-- (?): Conducted by W. H.Mitchell, Anna, Illinois. It was short-lived and succeeded byanother short lived paper, the Union County Herald. Republican.ADVERTISER, 1871-1878: Established by George M. Dougherty.Republican.JUBILEE COLLEGE, ROBIN'S NEST, PEORIA COUNTYMOTTO, July 26,1 847- - ( ?)A small pamphlet issued at irregular:intervals of from one to six months in the interest of Jubilee College,established in 1847 by the Episcopal church of the dioceseof Illinois. Much of the matter was contributed by BishopPhilander Chase. The publication was continued at least toOctober, 1852. SHKANE, GREENE COUNTYEXPRESS, 1873 (?): An edition of the White Hall Register;edited by Charles H. Johnson to 1876; Henry Johnson; thenWill O. Reed. Independent.TIMES, 1874 (?): An edition of the Carrollton Gazette. J. S.Carr editor; Price and Sons publishers, in 1879.

aio ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS/KANKAKEE, KANKAKEE COUNTYD. S.GAZETTE, 1853 to date: Edited by A. Chester, 1853-1856;Parker, 1856-1869. In the absence of Mr. Parker as a soldierduring the Civil War, Mr. J. B. Atkinson conducted and editedthe paper. For a brief period Mr. W. F. Keady was associatedwith Parker. In 1869 Mr. Parker sold to Charles Holt. Thefirst numbers of the Gazette were published in Chicago by theChicago Journal Company, there being no place yet built in Kankakeewhere a press could be set up. This continued for a fewweeks only, when the press and type were sent to Kankakee,and for a time the work was done in the open air under the shadeof a friendly tree. In December, 1886, the firm became CharlesHolt and Sons. March, 1905, Clarence E. Holt purchased hisbrother's interest and the firm became Charles and C. E. Holt.Charles Holt died July 21, 1908, at the age of ninety-one and theGazette became the property of Clarence E. Holt.FDEMOCRAT, 1858-1862; 1864 to date: Edited for a short time byCyrus B. Ingham and H. Austin; next by Messrs. Austin andJames Green. This partnership was soon dissolved and Hon.A. C. Lake assumed the editorship. Mr. Lake sold to B. A.Fuller, who conducted the paper through the Buchanan campaign.Mr. Fuller sold to W. N. Bristol, who continued to editamd publishit until 1859, when J. B. and Gabriel Durham purchasedit. Messrs. Durham publishedit until 1862, when theyjoined the army and its publication ceased. In 1864 CyrusIngham resumed the publication and later sold to W. L. Henry,who publishedit until 1881. In December, 1881, Mr. Henrysold it to E. B. Buck, and the name was changed to Herald. In1885 Mr. Buck sold it to R. H. Ballinger, who changed the titleof the paper to Chief. Ballinger sold the paper in 1887 to AlfredDoolittle and W. J. Brock. It was then published under thename of the Kankakee County Democrat. W. J. Brock boughtMr. Doolittle's interest in 1888, and continued to publish thepaper until January, 1892. In 1892it was purchased by theDemocrat Publishing Company; T. B. Collins and J. B. Smithpublishers. A daily was started in connection with the weekly,February 22, 1892. The paperis now being published bythisfirm.JOURNAL DE L'ILLINOIS, January-September, 1857+: Founded byA. Grandpre" and Claude Petit ;the first French newspaper publishedin the state. In September, 1857, it was moved to Chicago. ;UNION, i862-i866(?) A :Ingham.Democratic paper started by Cyrus B. i

KASKASKIA, RANDOLPH COUNTY 211REVIEW, i865-(after 1880): Established by N. H. Taylor.ThomasKelly bought an interest. Sold to W. F. Keady who changedthe name to Times. Originally Independent, then Republican ;supported Greeley in 1872; became a Greenback organ; thensupported Garfield in 1880.TIMES, 1868 to date: Owned by W. F. Keady; George B. Keadyand Company, --1881 :Livingston and Keady, 1881 (?) ;Keady and Ernest Shaw owned the paper in 1883 ; Dunlap andLivingston in 1897, with H. J. Dunlap as editor. Republican.Name changed to Republican in now; published by KankakeeRepublican Company; M. H. Bassett, editor.COURRIER DE L'lLLiNOis, 1868- (after 1883): Established by a numberof French citizens under the management of A. Grandpre,who later became owner. Republican. UHERALD, i872-(after 1882) H. C. Henry, editor and publisher.:Between 1880 and 1882 he sold to E. B. Buck. Democratic.HUKANSAS, EDGAR COUNTYNEWS, 1873-1877 W. W. :Bishop was editor and publisher.REPUBLICAN SUN, 1878 (?): William S. Rose was editor andpublisher in 1879. Probably changed to Journal. Republican.CITIZEN, 1868-1873: E. F. Chittenden was editor and publisher.KASKASKIA, RANDOLPH COUNTYILLINOIS HERALD, i8i4 1 -i8i6+ : The firstpaper in Illinois, published2by Matthew Duncan, printer to the territory and publisherof the laws of the Union to 1815 Robert Blackwell and Daniel;1Vol. i, no. 30. is dated December 13, 1814. If the paper was regularlyissued and numbered, it must therefore have been begun June 24, 1814. But anadvertisement in the one number extant is dated May 28, 1814.2Matthew Duncan, the first printer in Illinois, was an elder brother ofGovernor Joseph Duncan. He was born in Kentucky: after graduation fromYale College, he returned to his native state, and for a time edited a paper atRussellville entitled the Mirror, which had been established November!, 1806.From that he became editor of Farmer's Friend, begun in the same town in 1809.Ninian Edwards, first territorial governor of Illinois, had been a lawyerat Russellvilleand was his triend. Through him Duncan secured the printing of the firstedition of the Illinois Territorial Laws, issued from his press in 1813. In the nextyear Duncan moved his printing establishment to Kaskaskia and began the IllinoisHerald. In December of 1814 he issued the first pamphlet published in Illinois, andin June, 1815, the first book, volume one of "Pope's Digest." Having sold hispaper to Daniel P. Cook and Robert Blackwell in 1817, Duncan abandoned journalismand entered the army, in which he rose to some prominence, and saw activeservice in the Black Hawk War. On October 4, 1832, he was made captain ofRangers, and in 1833 became captain of the First Dragoons. After four years ofservice he resigned from the army and went into business at Shelbyville, wherehe died on January 16, 1844. (Julia Duncan Kirby, Joseph Duncan, FergusHist. Ser. no. 21, Chicago, 1888. Reuben Gold Thwaites, Tlie Ohio Valley Pressbefore the War of 1812-15, P- 43-)

212 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSP. Cook, 1815-1817. In 1817 Elijah C. Berry became a coeditor.A small sheet, with four columns to the^page, andlargely given over to the printing of official documents. In thehands of Blackwell and Cook, state printers, the name waschanged toSWESTERN INTELLIGENCER, +1816-1818+: It was publishedweekly. Following are the files in the St. Louis MercantileLibrary: 1816 Vol. i runs from May 15, 1816, to May 21,1817. The volume isincomplete, lacking July 2, 16 ; September,12, 19, 26; October 9, 16. 1817 There is lacking February26; May 28; June 4, n, 18, 25; July 2 to September 3. 1818From January-May 20 the file iscomplete excepting February1 8. With the issue of May 27 the paper became the EMILLINOIS INTELLIGENCER, +May 27, 1818-1820+ : Moved to Vandaliain 1820. The files for 1818 and 1819 are complete exceptfor March 31, 1819, in the St. Louis Mercantile Library. EMHAREPUBLICAN ADVOCATE, February 27, i823~March 2, 1824 + : A proslaverypaper established and nominally edited by R. K. Fleming.Elias Kent Kane seems to have been the real editor until he waselected to the Senate in 1824, after which time John Reynoldswas probably in control. The paper was in favor of a conventionin 1824 and of slavery, but was open to letters againstboth causes. It supported Crawford. With the number forJanuary 22, 1824, the editorship passed to William Orr, whochanged the title toFKASKASKIA REPUBLICAN, +March 9, i824~i825(?): William Orrwas editor and gave ardent support to the convention party.The paper was stillbeing published in October, but was temporarilydiscontinued, probably in 1825. After a period of suspensionit was revived as ASFILLINOIS REPORTER, i826-i829(?): William Orr was editor. Hedenied affiliation with any party in the State, and felt impelledto rally the virtuous and intelligent to the standard of anotherparty. Apparently his rally was not successful, for he sold toSidney Breeze within a few months in June or July. UnderBreeze the paper supported the administration and Daniel P.Cook, though Breeze had been a Jackson man. L. O. Schraderwas Breeze's publisher for a while, and was probably succeededin 1828 by R. K. Fleming.WESTERN DEMOCRAT, August 19, 1829-1830+ Established by R.:K. Fleming. Hooper Warren announced, in the Galena Advertiserfor August 31, receipt of the first number, saying, "This isthe sixth paper now published in Illinois." The editorial addressincluded, "As we published, in this state, pending the lateA

KEITHSBURG, MERCER COUNTY 213presidential canvass, the only paper which took a decided standin favor of the successful competitor for the first office in thenation, it will scarcely be expected by those who were, of right,in the opposition, that we should now retrace our steps. . . etc. "Although Fleming was printer, and the only person whose nameappeared on the paper, it is clear that Sidney Breeze was reallyeditor. He wrote to Ninian Edwards September 21, 1830: "IfI remain in politics I am determined to make Gov. Reynoldschoose between Smith and myself, in other words between theCrisis and Democrat .... Do give your views of them, editorially,thro' me, in the Democrat." The paper supported Reynoldsfor governor. Title changed to AKASKASKIA DEMOCRAT, -(-January 2, 1830-1831: In the issue forNovember 27, 1830 (vol. 2, no. 9) the editor announced thatthe paper had 300 subscribers. In the Western Ploughboy forJanuary 24, 1832, a news item reveals that "the KaskaskiaDemocrat has been discontinued." A file, in two bound volumes,was in the library of Judge Sidney Breeze at the time of hisAMdeath, but it has not been recently located.RANDOLPH FREE PRESS, 1832: Published by R. K. Fleming.Short-lived.REPUBLICAN, June, 1840-1849; Published at first by James Fitzsimmons.At the beginning of vol. 2 J. D. Owings and M.Morrison were editors ;William E. Jones was proprietor. Publicationwas suspended in 1844, and the outfit was bought byPierre Menard, who allowed any one to use it who would run apaper. Publication was revived in 1846 by Parsons Percy anda Mr. Wallace. From them itpassed in 1848 to Peter W. Baker;then B. J. F. Hanna bought the plant, and in 1849 removedit to Chester, where he published the Herald. Cairo SAKEITHSBURG, MERCER COUNTYOBSERVER, 1856-1858+ It was edited by Col. Patterson. Independentas to politics, Changed to:MERCER COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1858-1859: A Democratic paperedited by W. R. Calhoun.NORTHERN ILLINOIS COMMERCIAL, 1859: Short-lived. Publishedby a commercial companv with Mr. Calhoun as editor.DEMOCRATIC PRESS, 1860-1861: Owned by Thomas B. Cabeenand conducted by V. B. Shouf.OBSERVER, 1862-1870: A revival of the former Observer, by J. A.J. and G. D. B. Birdsall. The latter seems not to have beenactively connected with the paper. At first non-partisan ; laterDemocratic. Sold in 1865 to A. G. Lucas, who conducted it as

214 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSa Republican paper for one year and sold to Isaac McManus,who after six months sold to Theodore Glancey. In 1870Glancey sold the paper and it was removed.WEST END KERANA, 1871-1873 Established :by Theodore Glancey ;afterward called Kerana. Henry Hurst, and later EdwardThomas, were connected with Glancey on the paper.NEWS, April, 1874 to date: Started by W. C. Brown. Afterwardowned by Taylor and Blackman, T. B. Cabeen and C. A. Fricke,and William H. Heaton. Heaton secured the paper in 1877and conducted it as a Greenback publication. It has been conductedby George W. Dick since 1902.UKENNEY, DEWITT COUNTYOwned and edited by W. L. Glessner, pub-REGISTER, 1875-1876:lisher of the Clinton Register. The Kenney Register was printedin the office of the Clinton Register, and distributed in Kenney.It was continued more than one year, beginning July 16, 1875.RECORD, 1877: Established by J. W. Wolfe; published one year,then abandoned. The office was moved to Mt. Pulaski, Logancounty.KEWANEE, HENRY COUNTYHENRY COUNTY DIAL, 1855-1868+: It was run by citizens of Kewaneeand edited by J. H. Howe until September, 1855, whenC. Bassett became its owner. In June, 1856, he sold it toJ. H. Howe and H. M. Patrick. November 13, 1856, Mr. Howesold his interest to his partner, who associated O. White withhimself as editor. Mr. White withdrew January 8, 1857. Mr.Patrick conducted it alone, 1857-1858; L. D. Bishop, 1858-1860. J. E. Wheeler, one of the founders of the Chicago Tribune,was editor from 1858 or 1859 until 1866. He was succeededby Hiram Wyatt, who associated with himself Mr. Shurtleffduring the campaign of 1868. George W. Wilson soon becameeditor and proprietor and he sold to N. W. Fuller, who changedthe name to theFKEWANEE RADICAL, +1868-1870: The paper was discontinued in1870.ADVERTISER, February, 1856 (?): Established by ChaunceyBassett. The first of several papers bearing this name. FTENNEY, HARDY AND COMPANY'S ADVERTISER, 1856-1863: Issuedthe first year by Tenney, Hardy, and Company, then by C.Bassett. It was published monthly.UNION DEMOCRAT, July, i863-November, 1864: Published byC. Bassett. P

KIRKWOOD, WARREN COUNTY 215ADVERTISER, April, i866-November, 1867: Started by C. Bassett.ILLINOIS ADVERTISER, 1868-1869 :as an advertising sheet.:ADVERTISER, July, 1870-1871+months changed toIssued from the office of the DialStarted by C. Bassett and after sixINDEPENDENT, +1871- (?): Edited and published by C.Bassett. Discontinued after 1895, the Democrat succeeding.PUBLIC SCHOOL MESSENGER, January, 1870-1872: Edited by W.H. Russell, superintendent of schools. Published one year byN. W. Fuller, and one by C. Bassett. PCOURIER, March, 1876 to date: Established by C. N. Whitney,who retired in 1879, when T. H. Chesley and Brother leased theplant. In January, 1882, it was purchased by T. H. Chesley,who publishedittwenty years, when it was sold to L. W. Chandlerand others. In 1896it was purchased by Delano and Henderson,soon afterward again to the management of T. H. Chesley.In May, 1898,it was consolidated with the Star under thename of the Star-Courier, published daily and weekly. It isnow owned and continued under this name by the KewaneePrinting and Publishing Company. Daily began in 1895. PKINMUNDY, MARION COUNTYTELEGRAM. 1867-1868+: Established by Col. J. W. Fuller; soldto H. H. Chesley, who in 1868 sold to out Messrs. O'Bryant andPyles. In July, 1868, Pyles withdrew, when O'Bryant changedthe name toDEMOCRAT, +1868+: In four months the name was againchanged toINDEPENDENT, +1868 to date: Hazleton bought an interest in thepaper; his connection was brief. In November, 1871, EdwardFreeman purchased the office. In 1873 J. R. Grove becamepartner. In three months Grove withdrew. Freeman waseditor and publisher in 1879; F. O. Grissom in 1907. Neutralin politics.UBULLETIN, January i-April, 1875: Edited and published by T. B.Pyles. Thirteen numbers were issued.REGISTER, April i-September, 1879: Established by W. L. Arnold.Twenty-six numbers were issued, after which the plant wastaken back to Salem, whence it had been brought.KIRKWOOD, WARREN COUNTYNEWS, 1875-1880: W. H. Leedham was editor and publisher.

216 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSKNOXVILLE, KNOX COUNTYJOURNAL, 1849-1856: Edited by John S. Winter under the firmname of Winter and Collins, 1849-1852 ;Mr. Winter, sole editorand proprietor, 1852-1855; John Regan, 1855-1856. It was atfirstIndependent as to politics. Under Mr. Reganit became aDemocratic paper.FJOURNAL AND ADVERTISER, i856(?): Listed in Coggeshall's newspaperdirectory for 1856.KNOX REPUBLICAN, October 8, 1856 to date: First edited by JohnRegan. Started as a campaign sheet two weeks prior to thepresidential election in 1856; two weeks after the election itpassed into the hands of John S. Winter, John Winter, and R.M. Unions. April 7, 1858, John S. Winter and Company retiredfrom the management and Beatty and Robinson became editorsand publishers. Mr. Beatty retired, leaving W. T. Robinsonpublisher and sole proprietor, who in 1875 sold out to F. A.Lanstrum. In 1876it fell into the hands of the present editorand publisher, O. L. Campbell. It is said that this paper wasthe first to bring out the name of Abraham Lincoln for thepresidency in 1860.FZION'S BANER, 1871 (?): Edited by Rev. C. Anderson, publishedby George Larkee. A Swedish-Lutheran journal, semimonthly.(See under Galesburg, p. 186.)KNOX COUNTY REVIEW, 1879 (?): N. J. Crump was editorand publisher. Independent.DIOCESE, 1874-1878+ Edited by Charles W. :Leffingwell, Rectorof St. Mary's School, Knoxville. January i, 1879, the namewas changed to Province (vol. 6, no. i), edited by George H.Higgins, and published in Galesburg. A religious monthly,published in the interests of the Episcopal church. HUKYTE RIVER, OGLE COUNTYLEADER, i86i(?): Listed without details in Kenney's AmericanNewspaper Directory for 1861.LACON, MARSHALL COUNTYHERALD, 1837-1840+ At some time after March :18, 1840, becametheILLINOIS GAZETTE, +1840-1866+: Which was changed in 1866to theFHOME JOURNAL, +1866+ : and later theJOURNAL, +1866 to d.tte: Under these names edited by A. N. Ford,1837-1858; Joshua Allen, 1858-1866; Spencer Ellsworth, 1866-1884; Spencer Ells worth, Jr., 1884-1896; W. B. Powell, 1896-A

LAKE ZURICH, LAKE COUNTY 2171897; Charles F. Hacker has been editor and publisher since1897. It was a weekly paper supporting at first Whig, and afterwardRepublican principles. Files are in possession of W. H.Ford, Lacon, and of Spencer Ellsworth, National Stock Yards,St. Clair county.HERALD, 1850-1854+: Editors: Jesse Lynch, J. W. Mason,Chandler and Golliday. P. K. Barrett was editorial successorof Mr. Chandler. It was an advocate of Democracy. Changed toSENTINEL, +1854-1869+ : Editors: John Harney, 1854-1857; IraNorris, 1857-1869; William French, 1869. Mr. French sold toMyers and Bell and the name became theILLINOIS STATESMAN, +1869-1873: French and Greist as editorsand publishers, 1869; C. DeHart and Company, 1870; WilliamFrench, 1871 ; Bell and Wilson, 1872; W. B. Tapley, 1873.INTELLIGENCER, i855~(after 1858) Edited and published in 1858:by Ira Norris.FDEMOCRAT, 1867-1868 Established by :J. S. Ford, who discontinuedthe paper after one year. An office was subsequently broughtfrom Chillicothe and the publication continued.MARSHALL COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1876 to date: In 1879 William B.Whiffen was editor and publisher; in 1908 Frank C. Sorrels.LAHARPE, HANCOCK COUNTYHANCOCK DEMOCRAT, +1853: Edited by Dr. Rankin, who removedit from Warsaw, ran it a few months, and sold to ThadeusClark and Wesley H. Manier. He moved it to Carthage andestablished the Republican. (See Warsaw Commercial Journal)STAR or THE WEST. 1858 or 1859: Published by Henry King andFrank Nash. Short-lived.HOME NEWS, 1869 (?): Published by James L. King. Continuedbut a short time.LEADER, November, 1874-1875+ Begun by H. G. : Rising. Aftera yearit was sold to L. S. Cogswell, who changedit toLA HARPER, +1875 to date: Sold in 1878 to J. C. Coulson, whocontinues to publish it. Effie M. Coulson is editor. Independent.Files from 1906 in the office. ULAKE ZURICH, LAKE COUNTYLAKE ZURICH BANKER, 1856: Edited and published by SethPaine. It was "devoted to manhood without distinction of sex,color, nation, or condition." Paine conducted an "untaintedmoney" bank, and ran the paper to expound his principles. Hewas afterward sent to an insane asylum.

2i8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLAMOILLE, BUREAU COUNTYCHRONICLE, 1871-1872: Established by C. N. Whitney; editedand published by him.CLIPPER, 1876-- (?): Edited by R. P. Chadwick.LANARK, CARROLL COUNTYCARROLL COUNTY BANNER, 1864-1871 :Published by John R. Hewlettuntil September, 1867, when the paper was sold to James E.Millard, who discontinued publication in 1871. The equipmentwas sold and moved to Davis, Illinois, thence to Pecatonica,where it was used in the office of the News.CARROLL COUNTY GAZETTE, 1868 to date: John R. Hewlett removedthe office of the Gazette from Shannon (which see).When Hewlett sold the Banner to Millard he agreed not to publisha paper in Lanark within one year. Millard soon securedan injunction to stop the publication of the Gazette. Howlettthen sold the paper to John M. Adair, who ran it six months andsold it to Howlett. The office was destroyed by fire April 29,1872. After a few days the paper was continued by the GazettePrinting Company, with Howlett as editor and manager, until1875. George Hay ran the Gazette two months, then took W.W. Lowis as a partner. In 1877 Hay sold out to F. H. B. Mc-Dowell, who later in the year secured entire control. W. G.Wild was editor and publisher in 1908.THE BRETHREN AT WORK, i876-i88o(?) :Established and editedby J. H. Moore, M. M. Eshelman, and J. T. Meyers. In 1877Meyers' interest was bought by S. H. Bashor. In 1880 M. M.Eshelman, S. J. Harrison, and J. W. Stein were editors andpublishers. In a way this paper was a continuation of theBrethren's Messenger, published by T. J. Meyers in Germantown,Pennsylvania. A Dunkard paper.LANE (now ROCHELLE), OGLE COUNTYLEADER, 1853-1861+ : Published by John R. Howlett, 1858-1861.Changed toPATRIOT, +1861-1862+ : It was edited by Prof. James A. Butterfield.Its publication was suspended and in 1863it was revivedas theREGISTER, 1863 to date: When the name of the town was changed,in 1865, the name of the paper was changed to correspond.(See Rochelle.)LA ROSE, MARSHALL COUNTYVIDETTE, 1872 to date: In 1876-1879 T. M. Hatton was editor, S.Ellsworth, publisher, and the paper was printed in the office ofthe Lacon Home Journal. In 1880 the Vidette Company were

LAWNRIDGE, MARSHALL COUNTY 219publishers. By 1884 the Vidette Publishing Company wereeditors and publishers. It afterward (before 1891) becameReveille edited and published by Spencer Ellsworth. A Republicanpaper.LA SALLE, LA SALLE COUNTYSTANDARD, 1851-1852:Mr. C. C. Bonney and W. H. Powell wereeditors, and H. W. Underhill was publisher.HERALD, 1852-1854+ Published and edited by Daniel Evans.:It appeared weekly and its columns were devoted to the interestsof the Democratic party. It became the FJOURNAL, +1854-1858: Edited by J. A. Kirkpatrick. It wasmoved to Peru.WATCHMAN. 1852-1855+: A Whig paper, published by E. T.Bridges. It firstappeared weekly and afterwards semi-weekly.It was discontinued in November, 1855, having been sold to E.C. Webster, who changedit to the EFLA SALLE COUNTY PRESS, +1856-1883+: Started by CharlesBoynton and E. C. Webster. After December 10, 1856, to 1883it was run by Mr. Webster alone, except from 1858-1860, whenR. C. Stevens was a partner. Independent as to politicsuntilMay, 1856, when it became an organ of Republicanism. In 1883Mr. Webster sold to A. J. Reddick, who began the Democrat-Press.INDEPENDENT, August 6, 1853: Begun under the editorship S. Seybold and Company. It had a short life.DEMOCRAT STANDARD, 1858-1860:Fof T.Published by K. T. Barrett.REPORTER, 1871-1876: Founded by A. C. Rathbon and WillardH. Smith. In 1875 Willard H. Smith sold to A. A. Bassett.Paper lived one year longer.INDEPENDENT, 1875-1876: Edited and WTpublished by illard H.Smith. Republican paper. Purchased by A. J. Reddick, whostarted the:DEMOCRAT, 1876-1883+ Edited and published by A. J. Reddick.The plant was burned 1883; Reddick then bought the Pressand continued the Democrat-Press.VOLKSBLATT, 1877: Started by F. Arste lived six months. German.;LAWNRIDGE, MARSHALL. COUNTYCITIZEN, 1868-1870: Wolfe and Casson were editors and publishersin 1869. The paper was printed at the office of the ChillicotheCitizen.

220 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLAWRENCEVILLE, LAWRENCE COUNTYSTAR SPANGLED BANNER, 1847-1848+ A :non-political paper underthe editorship of J. F. Buntin. Changed toAMERICAN :BANNER, +1848-1856+ Mr. Buntin moved it to Olney,from Olney to Russellville and then back to Lawrenceville.Changed toLAWRENCEVILLE :BANNER, +1856-1858+ Still edited by Mr. Buntin,who changed the name toWESTERN GLOBE, +1858-1868+: At first it was edited b> H. C.McCleave and D. L. Brewer, who made it a Democratic paper.Mr. Buntin finally came into possession of it and associatedwith him for a time Nat. Lander. Mr. Buntin made it a Republicanpaper and called it theLAWRENCE COUNTY GLOBE, +1868+ : In 1868 Buntin took it toCumberland county.LAWRENCE COUNTY JOURNAL, i867~i869(?)+: A Democraticpaper owned and edited by W. C. Luken. J. F. Buntin boughtthe paper in i86Q(?) and made it theLAWRENCE COUNTY COURIER, +i869~i872(?) Published :by J. F.Buntin for a part of the time from an office in Bridgeport. Twiceburned out.LAWRENCE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1871-1873+: Established October,1871, by W. C. Garrard, editor and publisher. Sold after twoyears to S. B. Rowland, who changed the name toFARMERS' UNION, +1873-1874+: T. B. Lowery was editor andran the paper in the interest of the Grange movement. In 1874it became theDEMOCRATIC HERALD, +1874 to date (1895): J. W. Mehaffy succeededLowery as editor and made a Democratic paper of thesheet. Rowland sold in December, 1875, to James K. Dickerson,who sold in December, 1878, to Riley and Garrard. WillM. Garrard became owner in January, 1880. After one yearHuffman and Meserve bought the paper ana Frank C. Meservebecame editor. In 1891-1895 Charles F. Breen was editor.RURAL REPUBLICAN, 1873 to date (1895) Established :by DanielL. Gold. In 1874 or 1875 Mary Buntin bought the paper. Shesold to Sam B. Day in November, 1880. In 1891 E. S. Kingsburyand Company were editors and publishers; H. B. Andrews,1895.LEBANON, ST.CLAIR COUNTYILLINOIS ADVOCATE AND LEBANON JOURNAL, 1848-1852: A religiouspaper published under the direction of the Trustees of McKendreeCollege edited ; by E. Wentworth and others.

LENA, STEPHENSON COUNTY 221LITERARY GEM, 1855-1856: Published by Collins Van Cleve. Itwas Republican.ILLINOIS SONS OF TEMPERANCE, 1860-1862 : Established by GeorgeW. Moore and James P. Snell. In 1862 it was suspended.JOURNAL, 1867 to date: Established by H. H. Simmons. In 1873he sold to Dr. T. W. Eckert who in 1875 sold to J. S. Padon. In1876 Eckert repurchased the paper and in 1877 sold to Nelson Abbott.Mortgage was foreclosed and the paper reverted to Eckert.In 1878 he sold to J. R. Connor, who in turn sold to J. F. Ash andthe name was changed to Reveille. In 1881 the office passed intothe hands of O. V. Jones and in the same yearit was changedback to Journal. Jones associated with himself C. W. Metzerfor three months. In 1885 at the death of Jones, his son, WilliamL. Jones, became sole editor, owner, and publisher.COURIER, 1876: Established by E. H. Elliff. A Democratic campaignpaper. At close of campaign the office was moved toRed Bud.MCKENDREE REPOSITORY, 1867-1876: At first edited and publishedby students of McKendree College later ; by members ofthe literary societies of that institution.A semi-monthly.LEE, LEE COUNTYMONITOR, 1878 (?): Established by Ena G. Cass and J. B.Gardner, May, 1878. Printed in the office of the Lee CountyTimes, Paw Paw Grove.LEMONT, COOK COUNTYGAZETTE, 1870: B. Van Buren was editor and publisher.PHOENIX, 1877-1879: W. P. Haughey was editor, McDonald Ferriesand Company publishers in 1877 ; Haughey was editor andpublisher in 1879. Printed at the office of the Joliet Phoenix.LENA, STEPHENSON COUNTYSTAR, January 4, 1867 to date: Established by John W. Gishwillerand Samuel J. Dodds, with Dodds as editor. In March Doddswithdrew, and in May John M. Shannon took control of thepaper. James S. McCall bought out Shannon on February 12,1869, and James W. Newcomer became editor and manager.W. W. Lowis bought the paper April 5, 1878, and sold to A. O.Rupp April, 1892. Irving S. Crotzer bought it the next year.Charles O. Piper bought the paper on March 24, 1905, and combinedwith it the Independent (established 1900) the, property washeld by an incorporated company. Howard C. Anman becameeditor and manager August 27, 1908. October 22, 1909, D. W.

222 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGahagan bought the concern and is running the paper. Republican.Published twice a week, November 3, igoS-May 7, 1909.Files in office.LE ROY, MCLEAN COUNTYEXCHANGE, September, 1870-1872: Established and conducted byJ. W. Wolfe. He is said to have gone then to Mt. Pulaski andto have started the Citizen, although the account of that paperdoes not agree in detail with such a statement.SUCKER STATE, 1871: A short-lived paper started by J. S. Harper; Jin 1872 Harper and Salim were editors and publishers.ENTERPRISE, 1874: Established by C. M. Davis. Independent. ULEWISTOWN, FULTON COUNTYFULTON DEMOCRAT, 1840-- (?): The firstpaper printed inLewistown; was published in 1840 by William McDowell forperhaps a year.FULTON BANNER, 1843-1845 Published by Billmire and Conner.A : paper of the same name was published in Canton on 1846.REPUBLICAN, March 19, 1844-1854: Edited by Henry Young.Itwas a Whig paper and favored Clay's election to the presidency.AFULTON GAZETTE, 1845-1846: Published by Charles McDowelland J. M. Davidson.ILLINOIS PUBLIC LEDGER, 1850-1854: It was established and atfirst edited by S. S. Brooks, later by C. E. Griffith. JosephDyckes was its proprietor. Moved to Canton.FULTON DEMOCRAT, July, 1855 to date: The first editor was J.M.Davidson, 1855-1858;j1858; William T. Davidson, 1858 to date. For a few monthscalled Lewistown Democrat. in Independent-Democratic poli-Ftics.ILLINOIS PUBLIC REGISTER, 1854: Published thirteen weeks by |J. M. Rankin.UNION, 1864 (i865?)-i87i: Established by DeWitt Bryant.Changed hands often, being owned for a time by Phelps andBryant, then by Phelps and G. A. Hyde, then by G. A. Hydeand his father, and finally by G. A. Hyde alone. The paperceased publication in 1871 when the equipment was moved toIpava.NEWS, 1875 to date: Established by George Yarnell to advertisehis job office. He made it a regular newspaper in 1876. November,1879, it was imerged with the Vermont Chronicle, takingthe name News-Chronicle, published by Yarnell and W. L.Ketchum, of the Chronicle. In 1881 it passed into the hands of

LINCOLN, LOGAN COUNTY 223Selah Wheadon, who took L. C. Breeden into partnership in1882. Wheadon died in 1883 and Breeden continued as editorand publisher until 1906, when he was succeeded by W. D. Meek.Democratic since 1883.LEXINGTON, McLEAN COUNTYEstablished in 1858 by James D. Moudy withGLOBE, 1858-1863:J. A. Anderson as associate editor. Moudy sold to Ira A. Battertonand W. F. Craig in March, 1859. Batterton sold out toCraig in the fall of 1859. Craig sold his interest in the paper toGeorge W. Knotts and Jacob C. Mahan in 1860. The Globewas Independent in politics until Batterton and Craig purchasedit; it then became and remained strongly Republican. Filesfrom 1859 to 1861 in possession of A. V. Pierson, Lexington,Illinois. It was succeeded by theHERALD, April, 1863 (?) Established by Isaac S. Mahan with:John D. Rogers as associate editor. Independent in politics.Afew copies are in possession of A. V. Pierson, Lexington, Illinois.COURIER, April, 1869-1871+ Established by : J. W. Fisher and E.W. Edwards. They sold to Thomas Faddis, who then sold toBovard Brothers. Independent. They changed the name toBANNER, +1871-1872: H. H. Parkinson was publisher. Prohibition.MACKINAW SENTINEL, January, 1871-1873+: Independent. Establishedb> John D. Rogers and I. S. Mahan. They were succeededby C. M. King, who changed the name of the paper toENTERPRISE, +i873~i877(?): C. M. King was editor and publisher.Independent.MONITOR, 1875 (?): Established by Bovard Brothers.LOCAL LEADER, 1879-1883+: Established by Keifer and Leek.C. M. Leek was editor in 1879. In March, 1883,it was succeededby the Review, of which W. H. Shepherd and Stark wereproprietors. Greenback.LINCOLN, LOGAN COUNTYHERALD, January i, 1856 to date: It was founded and edited byKoudy and Fuller, 1856; Joseph Reed, 1856-1857; O. C. Dakefor a joint stock company of twelve persons, 1857-1860; A. B.McKenzie had a controlling interest, 1860-1863 ; J. C. Webster,1863-1866; Andrew McGalliard, 1866-1873; Smith and Mills,1873-1877; F. B. Mills, 1877-1901; Pinkerton and Cross combinedthe paper with the News as the News-Herald; MorrisEmmerson, 1902 to date. A daily issue since 1902. Republican.

224 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLOGAN COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1856-1863+: Controlled by a jointstock company, 1856-1863; Samuel Johnson from late in 1863until he sold it to J. C. Webster, in 1864, who mergedit into theHerald. Under Mr. Johnsonit was known as theLOGAN COUNTY COURIER, +1864. EEXPERIMENT, January 4, 1860 (?): Established by Stephensonand Bowen ;issued daily. It was published but a few months.INTELLIGENCER, June, 1866-1869: Established by Henry Sturgess.Sold in 1867 to D. L. Ambrose. The paper was discontinuedin Lincoln, 1869, and moved to Winchester, Scott county.Republican.STATESMAN, 1867-1873+: Established by Thomas J. Sharp.About December, 1873, the Statesman was bought by SamuelReed, who formed a partnership with R. B. Forrest of the JournalThe two papers were united to form the Lincoln Times. Democratic.SILVER LEAF, i872(?) (?): An amateur monthly, conductedby James T. Freeman in 1872.JOURNAL, May to December. 1873+: Founded by Wallace Nail,who sold in December, 1873, to R. B Forrest. The latterformed a partnership with Samuel Reed, and they merged theJournal and the Statesman into the Times. Democratic.late in 1873 or early inTIMES, +December, 1873 to date: Formed1874 by the union of the Statesman and the Journal; SamuelReed and R. B. Forrest, publishers. December, 1875 to 1880Wallace Nail and Brother were proprietors. On January i,1880, the Times was sold to T. H. Stokes, 1880-1895; Smithand Baskett. 1896-1903. Sold to John Edmonds and Clara W.Moulden and consolidated with Courier as Times-Courier.ALUMNI JOURNAL, 1873-1877: A college monthly, published by thealumni of Lincoln University.ILLINOIS VOLKSFREUND, February, 1874-1875 Established by T.:J. Sharp; bought in spring of same year by L. P. Wolf andCharles E. Knorr. Knorr retired in October, 1874, leavingWolf sole owner. German. In 1875 the paper was purchasedby Mr. Fisher, who changed the name to theVOLKSBLATT, +1875 to date: Bought by Nail Brothers in 1876.C. E. Knorr bought itagain in 1877 and conducted it until 1898.In 1898it was bought by P. F. Mueller and consolidated withthe Rundschau (established 1896), as the Volksblatt-Rundschau.It was bought in 1905 by Sexauer Brothers. In 1908 EmilSexauer purchased the interest of B. F. Sexauer and now is thesole proprietor and publisher. Democratic.

LINCOLN, LOGAN COUNTY 225SHARP'S WEEKLY STATESMAN. February, 1874-1876: Founded byThomas J. Sharp. Democratic. November, 1875, Sharp associatedwith himself Colonel W. D. Wyatt, and they started inconnection with Sharp's Weekly Statesman theDAILY STATESMAN, November i, 1875-1876+ Established by:Thomas J. Sharp and Colonel W. D. Wyatt. April, 1876, Mrs.Anna Wyatt became owner and changed the name toDAILY NEWS, +1876-1877+: Changed from Daily Statesman byMrs Anna Wyatt, owner, from April, 1876. Colonel Wyattremained as editor until August, 1876. From then until March17, 1877, the office was leased to Samuel Reed. Joseph B. Batespurchased it March 17, 1877, an(^ established theLOGAN COUNTY REPUBLICAN, +1877-1879: Established by JosephB. Bates, who had purchased iheDaUy News, and changedit toa weekly. It was bought February 4, 1879, by F. B. Mills andmerged into the Herald.LOGAN COUNTY JOURNAL, June-October, 1877 Established :by E.F. L. Rautenberg. In October, 1877,it was consolidated withthe Volksblatt by Nail Brothers, about the time the Volksblattwas sold to Knorr. German.LOGAN COUNTY BEE, 1877: Established by George L. Shoals,editor of the Atlanta Argus. Published six months and discontinued.SENTINEL, July, i878-March, 1881 Established by Dutcher and:Pierce; Pierce withdrew soon after and Dutcher then sold to A.F. Smith; Smith published the paper until March, 1881, when itwas discontinued. Daily.DAILY NEWS, November, 1878- - (?): Established by Wolf andEdmonds ;name changed to Daily Times and later, in July, 1879,to Leader,&nd published for fifteen months thereafter by EdmondsBrothers.A. O. U. W. AND I. O. M. A. REPORTER, 1878-1880: The officialorgan of Ancient Order of United Workmen and IndependentOrder of Mutual Aid. Edited and published by William A.Howard. Semi-monthly.CALL. March, 1879: Established by McBeth and Hawley and publishedbut a few months. Daily.TEMPERANCE BUGLE, March 15, 1879-1880: "A temperance paperfor the West, devoted to Prohibition, Social and Political reform."Edited by Albert F. Smith.LEADER, 1879 (?): Established by Edmonds Brothers. Daily.

226 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLITCHFIELD, MONTGOMERY COUNTYJOURNAL, April, 1855-1863+: Edited and published by H. A.Coolidge, who removed from Cazenovia, N. Y., in February.1857. In May it announced the views expressed by Douglas inDecember following. It supported Douglas for senator in 1858and for president in 1860. Leased in 1863 to a Mr. Cook, thento John Harris and Thomas B. Fuller, who changed the name toDEMOCRAT, +1863-1864+: After a year under the editorship ofB. F. Burnett, Coolidge sold the office to E. J. Ellis, who changedthe name toPRAIRIE CITY ADVOCATE, +i864-October, 1865+: This in 1865became theNEWS, +1865-1867: Owned by E. J. C. Alexander, who made ita Republican paper. Discontinued in April, 1866, though Alexanderprinted part of his Hillsboro Monitor as the News until1867.CAMPAIGNER, 1860: A campaign paper established by J. P. Baylessand Dr. H. H. Hood. Only a few numbers were issued.INDEPENDENT, June-September, 1861+: Established by Kimballand Taylor; edited by H. A. Coolidge. After fifteen issuesconsolidated with the Monitor.ILLINOIS FREE PRESS, May, 1862: Removed from Hillsboro by itseditor, J. B. Hutchinson. Suspended after a few weeks.REPUBLICAN MONITOR, December, 1867-1868+ Edited :by B. S.Hood. After four months it became theUNION MONITOR, +1868 to date (1895): Hood sold to C. L.Bangs and Ed. Gray in 1870, but remained on the staff. Aftermany changes H. A. Coolidge became editor in 1872. B. S.Hood became editor again on 1878, and continued until afterF1884. In 1891-1895 S. W. Kessinger was editor and publisher.REVIEW, Summer December 5, 1872: Established by WilliamFithian, formerly an editor of the Monitor. George B. Litchfieldwas printer. Suspended December 5 and material sold toMonitor.MONTGOMERY COUNTY DEMOCRAT, November, 1874 ( ?) Establishedby G. B. Litchfield, who was connected with Coolidge in:the Union Monitor for some time before 1874, and Robert S.Young. After a few months Litchfield assumed sole management.For a year in 1879-1880 Col. Ben. E. Johnson was associatedwith Litchfield as editor and business manager. AfterJohnson withdrew Litchfield sold to Charles Tobin, who afterwardchanged the name to Advocate.ULIBERAL, 1872 : B. S. Young was editor and publisher.

LITTLE FORT,LOCKPORT, WILL COUNTY 227LAKE COUNTYLITTLE FORT PORCUPINE AND DEMOCRATIC BANNER, March 4, 1845-(after March, 1847) Established by A. B. Wynkoop as proprietor,and N. W. Fuller as publisher. With the number for:October 20 N. W. Fuller's name isgiven as editor; on September22, 1846, A. B. Wynkoop was editor, proprietor and publisher,and remained so to the end of the second volume. HLAKE COUNTY VISITER, April 20, 1847 ( ?): H. W. Blodgett waseditor and N. W. Fuller publisher. Declined to publish advertisementsof intoxicating liquors. A file of about six monthsdoes not show any change in these items. The paper was prohibitionand anti-slavery. No mention is made in its columnsof the Porcupine. It may be surmised that the Porcupinewas discontinued at about the time the Visiter was begun. HLITTLE ROCK, KENDALL COUNTYPRESS, +February, 1854: Edited by Charles R. Fisk. Continuedthree months and then moved to Mendota.LOCKPORT, WILL COUNTYWILL COUNTY TELEGRAPH, 1848-- ( ?) : Edited by H. M. Fuller,1848-1849; edited by Judge G. D. A. Parks and published byMr. Fuller, 1849-1850; John M. Moon was editor for citizenswho owned it, 1850 Dr.; J. F. Daggett, who was for a few months,assisted by Mrs. P. W. B. Carothers, 1850-1857. The paperunderwent several changes in proprietors. It was Independentin politics. Vol. 3, no. 2, is in the possession of Frank W.Scott, Urbana, Illinois.PHOENIX, 1875-1901+: Edited by J. S. McDonald. McDonald,Ferriss and Company, publishers in 1876; John Curran, 1884;Leon McDonald, 1891-1901. One of a group of Phoenixesprinted in Joliet. Consolidated with Advertiser.AMERICAN EDUCATOR, i875~i882(?): L. W. Applegate, editor andpublisher in 1882. Monthly.STANDARD, 1876-1878+: BecameWILL COUNTY COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, +1878-1901+: Publishedby Hawley and Curran, 1878-1879; A. G. Hawley, 1880-1899; T. A. Cheadle, 1899-1901. In 1901 this paper andPhoenix were consolidated under the ownership of the WillCounty Printing Company, and the editorship of Leon Mc-Donald and T. A. Cheadle. On this basis the paperis stillpublished. Republican.COURIER, 1873 to date (1874) Edited and published by Cook and:Grimwood. Independent.NF

228 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLODA, IROQUOIS COUNTYGARDEN STATE, 1856-1860: Established by D. S. Crandall; editedand published by C. E. and E. R. Crandall in 1857. Independentin politics continued four; years. FINDEPENDENT, 1866: Published for one year by J. W. Wolfe.NEWS, 1871-1873 Published for two :years by A. E. Rathbun.REGISTER, 1875 to date Edited and :published by Dr. J. C. Dunham.Dr. E. McBurney was editor from about 1890 to 1908. In 1908Addison G. Curtis became editor. The office of issue was movedto Paxton in 1883. In 1900 Dunham sold the paper to J.W. Dunnan.TIMES, i879~(after 1891): Edited by Volney Weaver; publishedby N. E. Stevens.LONG POINT, LIVINGSTON COUNTYJOURNAL, 1872-1873: A short-lived paper issued by Samuel Silik.Printed at the office of the El Paso Journal.LOSTANT, LA SALLE COUNTYJOURNAL, 1872-1873: E. F. Baldwin was editor and publisher.An edition of the El Paso Journal. Republican.LOUISVILLE, CLAY COUNTYJACKSONIAN DEMOCRAT, before 1859-1866: Thomas H. Dawsonwas editor in 1859 and until 1865, when he sold to John Farris.Farris discontinued it in 1866. Democratic.VOICE OF THE PEOPLE, 1864-1873+: A Republican paper editedand published by Edward Hitchcock, 1864-1872 ;C. R. Davis,1872-1873. He sold to Kendall and Miller, who changed thename toCLAY COUNTY TRIBUNE, +1873-1877: Kendall withdrew in 1874and H. R. Miller continued the paper until 1877, when the plantwas removed to Vandalia.LEDGER, 1868-1877 ; 1882-1907 A Democratic : paper financed byRobert McCollum and Gen. James B. Smith. Thomas B. Pyleswas editor, 1868-1873; J. A. Apperson, 1873-1875; W. H.Hudelson, 1875-1876; C. R. Davis, 1876-1877; G. Hoff, a shorttime in 1877; J. T. McCollum became editor in 1877 andchanged the title toLEDGER DEMOCRAT, +1877-1882+: But when J. A. Henry becameeditor in 1882 the old name Ledger was resumed. Henry waseditor, 1882-1891 O. C.; Gaston, 1801-1906. The paper wasdiscontinued in 1906, but was revived for a few months in 1907by John B. Barnhill.

McLEANSBORO, HAMILTON COUNTY 229LOVINGTON, MOULTRIE COUNTYINDEX, 1875-1876+ : Edited by D. C. Whetzell. In 1876 the paperpassed into the hands of W. C. Devore, who changed the name toIn-FREE PRESS, +1876: Edited and published by W. C. Devore.dependent. Later he moved to Farmer City.ENTERPRISE, i879~(about 1882) :Established by Benjamin Biddlecome.W. J. Priest was associated with him. In 1880 Priestwas succeeded by W. S. Tolby. In 1880, called the Weekly Enterprise.It was discontinued about 1882, after several changesin ownership.LOWELL, LA SALLE COUNTYGENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION, (see Hennepin).GENIUS OF LIBERTY, December 19, i84o-April, 1842: Establishedby the La Salle County Anti-Slavery Society, with Zebina Eastmanand Hooper Warren as editors and publication agents.Beginning July, 1841, it became the organ of the Illinois Anti-Slavery Society. The paper suspended publication in April,1842, but was revived three months later in Chicago as WesternCitizen.LOW POINT, WOODFORD COUNTYSENTINEL, 1877: Power and Harl, publishers. Democratic.HALYNDON, WHITESIDE COUNTYFREE PRESS, 1873-1875: John Gray, editor, Lyndon PublishingCompany, publishers. 1874; R. C. Olin, editor, William C.Snyder, publisher, 1875. Printed at the office of the FultonJournal. Republican.McHENRY, McHENRY COUNTYPLAINDEALER, 1875 to date: A Republican paper with J. Van Slykeas editor and publisher. In 1909 F. G. Schreiner was editorand publisher.CcLEANSBORO, HAMILTON COUNTYNEWS, 1855+ : Edited by J. D. Moody. Changed toSUCKER, +1855-1860+ Which was edited by A. : J. Alden. In all,six volumes were published. In 1860 Mr. Alden sold the Suckerto J. W. Meador, who changed the name toHAMILTON EXPRESS, +1860 (?)+ : J. W. Meador bought theSticker and renamed it as above. He soon sold to C. C. Carpenter,who renamed the paper

23o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHAMILTON DEMOCRAT, H (?) + : After a few months a trampprinter named Martin rented the establishment and changed thepaper's name toVox POPULI, H (?): Soon suspended. All of these papers wereDemocratic. Material afterward sold and used to publishUNION EAGLE, 1864-1865+: T. L. Lockhart bought the VoxPoptdi outfit, and John P. Stelle became editor, conductingit asa Republican paper until the spring of 1865, when it was soldand became theHAMILTON DEMOCRAT, +1865-1869+: Owned by Lorenz Goodridge,edited and managed by T. T. Wilson as a Democraticpaper. Wilson soon retired and the paper was continued byGoodridge until his death, after which C. E. Wolfe was editorfor a time. T. B. Stelle then became proprietor. In 1869 R. L.Brown bought the paper and named it theTIMES, +1869 to date: R. L. Brown sold, in 1872, to George K.and John C. Edwards who supported Horace Greeley for thepresidency. M. B. Friend bought the paper in the spring of 1873.It was suspended for a time on account of a conflagration.Friend sold in October, 1878, to J. R. and C. Campbell. J. R.Campbell became sole owner in 1883. He was succeeded byDaniel and Howell, who were running the paper In 1907. LaterFrank Locket took charge of it. It is now edited by M. E.Daniel.GOLDEN ERA, January, 1872-1884: Established as a Republicanpaper by John Coker and John P. Stelle, as Coker and Stelle.In 1873 the proprietors were Stelle and Mrs. Catherine Coker.In January, 1874, W. W. Davisson bought an interest in thepaper. Published by Davisson and Stelle until March, 1878,when Davisson assumed full ownership. He sold in 1884 toJ. R. Campbell, when it ceased publication. About 1876 theGolden Era became a Greenback paper and remained so untildiscontinuedCHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR, January, ( ?)i872: Edited by GeorgeP. Slade. C. E. Wolfe was one of the publishers. Publishedbut a few months.PROGRESSIVE FARMER, 1872-1873: Edited by John P. Stelle. Amonthly paper published from the office of the Golden Era forabout a year. Moved to Evansville, Indiana.HAMILTON COUNTY HERALD, 1876-1878: Niles B. Friend, editorand proprietor. Democratic. It was moved elsewhere aftertwo years.

MACOMB, McDONOUGH COUNTY 231MACOMB, McDONOUGH COUNTYMCDONOUGH lNDEPENDENT,i85i-i855 + :Begun as an Independentpaper edited by George W. Smith and published by TheodoreL. Terry. It became Democratic in the last year of its career,advocating the Kansas-Nebraska bill and opposing the repealof the fugitive slave law. It was changed toMCDONOUGH INDEPENDENT AND DEMOCRATIC REVIEW, and onSeptember 14, 1855 + it was, changed to theMCDONOUGH DEMOCRAT, +1855-1857: When it became the DemocratR. M. Royalty became a partner with Mr. Smith. Mr.Royalty retired in 1856 and Mr. Smith continued its publicationuntil the next year.ENTERPRISE, 1855-1860+ Established by T. S. Clarke and D. G.:Swan with L. H. Waters as editor. First a neutral paper,it sooncame to support the anti-Nebraska cause and then the Republicanparty. Mr. Clarke soon withdrew. In 1855 its publicationwas discontinued a few weeks, when B. R. Hampton becameeditor. In 1857 Mr. Swan retired and firm became Hamptonand Fowler, 1857-1859. When, in 1860, Mr. J. W. Nicholsbecame proprietor, he changed the name toFMILITARY TRACT JOURNAL, +1860-1861+ James K. Magie purchaseda half-interest and the name became the:JOURNAL, +1861 to date: Edited by Mr. Nichols, 1862-1864. Hesold his interest to Mr. Magie in 1864, and T. S. Clarke becameeditor soon, assisted by C. L. Sanders. Mr. Magie appearedas editor, 1865; B. R. Hampton, 1865-1870; Mr. Hamptonand W. H. Hainline, 1870-1881 ;Mr. Hainline, 1881 to date.There is a complete file in the office of the Journal except thefirst year it was the Enterprise. It was Republican.EAGLE, 1856 to date: C. H. Whitaker, proprietor. Democratic.T. J. Dudman was editor in 1908.LEDGER, 1860 Started :by T. S. Clarke and lived four weeks.WESTERN LIGHT, January-December, 1868: Established by S. J.Clarke and Charles P. Whitten. Whitten retired after fourmonths. Suspended in December.ILLINOIS GRANGER, September, 1873-1876+ Started by H. H.:Stevens and E. A. Hail. Supported the anti-monopoly movementand the Patrons of Husbandry. Its name was changed in1876 toINDEPENDENT, +March, 1876-1880+: Stevens bought Hail's interestin December, 1876. It supported the Independent Greenbackmovement. It was moved to Colchester, McDonoughcounty, in 1880, and became the Colchester Independent.

232 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMACON, MACON COUNTYTRIBUNE, September-December, 1867: Edited and published byJohn J. Smith.MAGNOLIA, HENRY COUNTYNEWS, 1871-1877: H. K. Smith was editor and publisher. Independent.UMAHOMET, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYSUCKER STATE, 1879 to date: C. A. Nebeker was editor, C. M.Baker, publisher, in 1880. Published under this name untilabout 1902, when it was changed to the Magnet. After a periodof about six months, the name was changed again to the SuckerState.Files lost or destroyed, except those for the last six years,which are in the hands of Charles M. Pearson, who has beeneditor and publisher since 1903.MAJORITY POINT, CUMBERLAND COUNTYCUMBERLAND DEMOCRAT, 1869-1880: B. Frank Bowen was editorand publisher in 1869; George E. Mason, 1873-1874; GeorgeE. Mason, editor, Mason and Mumford, publishers, 1875; E.Gorrell, editor, Mumford arid Gorrell, publishers, 1876; W. D.Mumford, 1877-1880. Democratic.REPUBLICAN MAIL, 1872 (?): Edward Hitchcock editor andpublisher in 1875; William Overman, 1876; Henry T. Woolen,1877; Caldwell Brothers were editors and publishers ^1879. By1880 the name was changed to Cumberland Republican,still runby Caldwell Brothers.MALTA, DEKALB COUNTYMAIL, 1877-1886: Established by D. C. Needham, who sold to G.W. Morris in November, same year. Subsequently two sonsentered the firm, which became G. W. Morris and Sons, then, in1881, G. W. Morris and Son. Republican. The list of theMalta Matt was sold about 1886 to the DeKalb Review.MANCHESTER, SCOTT COUNTYSCOTT COUNTY ARROW, 1878 to date (1884): In 1882 E. J. Piercewas editor, Pierce and Clapp publishers; E. J. Pierec editorand publisher, 1884. Republican.MANSFIELD, PIATT COUNTYJOURNAL, 1873-1875: John S. Harper and a Mr. Wolfe wereeditors and publishers; the paper was printed at the office ofthe Farmer^City]Journal.

MARION, WILLIAMSON COUNTY 233MAQUON, KNOX COUNTYTIMES, 1879 (?): Edited by John Regan, proprietor of theElmwood Messenger, at which office the Times was printed.MARENGO, McHENRY COUNTYJOURNAL, August, 1856-1857 : It was published by Edward Burnside.Its successor was theWEEKLY PRESS, with a few years' existence.REPUBLICAN, 1867 to date: In 1868 D. C. Potter became editor.Since 1868 J. B. Babcock has been editor and proprietor. Republican.Printed at Belvidere at first. UMARION, WILLIAMSON COUNTYWESTERN FAMILY MONITOR, 1850-1855: A bi-monthly establishedby W. H. Willeford, and at first issued from his home, seven milesfrom Marion, where in 1838 he had set up the first printing pressin what is now Williamson county. In 1855 business men ofMarion bought the press and stock of material, and establishedtheINTELLIGENCER, 1855-1866+ I. B. Jones was editor and :publisher.There were many changes in editors, publishers, and managers.It is said that Robert G. Ingersoll was manager and editor for atime while he practiced there as a lawyer. In 1881 DeBard Rockand John McGarvey were editors and managers. Suspendedfor awhile after the beginning of the Civil War. Democratic.Name changed toSTAR, + 1866+ : Owned by a company and published as the organof the county Democracy. It was sold in the fall, and the namechanged toOLD FLAG, + September-November, 1866: Edited and managedby Dr. Samuel H. Bundy through the campaign.DEMOCRATIC ORGAN, 1860: Probably a campaign paper.OUR FLAG, 1866-1874+: The first Republican paper in the county.Owned by a political organization, including George W. Sisney,William N. Mitchell, David G. Young, S. M. Mitchell, WilliamM. Hindman, Jesse Bishop, and George W. Young. LymanE. Knapp and Jesse Bishop were editors and publishers. JohnI.Hogg, James F. Connell, and Samuel O. Hart were latereditors ;for a while Judge Jesse Bishop shaped the policy of thepaper. James F. Connell was editor and publisher in 1870; inthe next year Judge Bishop again controlled the office. Aftersome changes, both of name and control, the material v/as soldin 1874 to James P. Copeland, who changed the name to

234 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMONITOR, +May, 1874 to date: The paper was burned out withina month, but was immediately re-established by Copeland andGeorge W. Young. Copeland was editor and publisher. JohnF. Lusk bought Young's interest in 1877, and sold in 1879 toJohn H. Duncan and E. E. Mitchell. These men, with W. C.S. Rhea and William H. Boles formed a stock company in 1886,absorbed the Independent (established 1886) and renamed theMonitor as Leader. Copeland was editor for a year; then O.J. Page bought and edited it; he sold in 1888 toArthur Robertsand Thomas M. Mitchell. In 1904 the paper was taken overby a stock company, and Arthur Roberts was made editor andpublisher. He was soon succeeded by Oliver J. Page, who continuesin the position.A daily was published for a while in 1900,and revived in 1909. Republican.OLD FLAG, i867(?): Established by Lyman E. Knapp after he hadceased to be editor of Our Flag. Republican.GAZETTE, 1870: An Independent paper established by GreenStewart, George Gulp, Fergis Farris, and T. J. Helton. Onlyfive numbers were issued.PEOPLE'S FRIEND, 1869-1874+ An :Independent Democratic paperestablished by Mit. A. Bates, who in 1874 sold to W. R., RichardH., and C. D. Brown. The name was changed toWILLIAMSON COUNTY ADVOCATE, + 1874-1875: Conducted for abouta year by W. R., Richard H., and C. D. Brown.WILLIAMSON COUNTY PROGRESS, 1872: Established by John A.Wall. Republican.FARMER'S ADVOCATE, 1873-1874: Established by H. G. Bloodand John Palmer. Democratic in tendency, but published inthe interest of the farmers. Merged in the Democrat in 1874.WILLIAMSON COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1874: R. H. and O. G. Brownwere editors and publishers. Continued but a short time.EGYPTIAN PRESS, 1875 to date: A Democratic paper established bya stock company with Will S. Washburn as manager, editor, andpublisher. It is now owned and published by Samuel Caseyand James H. Felts. The Press was started as a weekly, but itis now issued twice a week. The Evening Post, a daily, is nowissued by the owners of the Press.UMAROA, MACON COUNTYTIMES, January-November, 1866: A rabid Democratic paper establishedby T. J. Sharp, who, after a number of collisions withvarious citizens, was badly beaten on November 27 and orderedout of town. He obeyed the order.

MARSHALL, CLARK COUNTY 235TABLET, February, 1868: A paper established by James DeLacy,who soon abandoned it.TRIBUNE, February, 1869-1871: Conducted by A. H. Gorman,who discontinued it in March, 1871.NEWS, April, 1872 to date: Established by Henry B. Funk. Funksold to Axton and Jones in 1875 A. H. Gorman became editor.;and continued in the office until 1877. After many changesTurner O'Banion was editor and publisher in 1880. In 1908,as News-Times, it was edited and published by Mr. Bennett.NeutralBUDGET, December, 1875-1877+ Started by Stratton, Axton, and:W. Carey. T. O'Banion bought Carey's interest in 1876, andhe and Axton edited it until August, 1877, when Axton retiredand O'Banion changed the name toMESSENGER, + August, 1877-1878:Edited by T. O'Banion untilJanuary, 1878, when he sold to Frank Bennett, who ran it amonth.MARSEILLES, LA SALLE COUNTYGAZETTE, i867-i868(?): Edited and published by A. Sinclair.Apparently discontinued in 1868.CITIZEN, 1869-1870: Conducted by Hayward Brothers, C. B. andW. W. It burned out and was discontinued.ADVERTISER, 1869-1874+ Established by Albert Burton and Irving:Carriers as an Independent local weekly. After a while Carrierswithdrew and the name was changed toHERALD, + 1874-1879+ Published :by Burton Brothers then ; by IraGeorge and D. B. Burton; then by Baldwin and Douglas ;thenby David Burton. Later it was sold to Stone and Smith, whochanged the name toREGISTER, +1879 to date: It became a Republican paper. StoneBrothers succeeded Stone and Smith as editors and publishers.After having passed through several hands it isby M. F. Bovard and Son.now publishedPLAINDEALER, December, 1876 to date: Established by Terry Simmonsas a monthly; later changed to semi-monthly, then toweekly. It has continued since as a weekly without change ofeditor or proprietor. Completefile in possession of Mr. Simmons.[ARSHALL, CLARK COUNTYILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL, 1848-1853: A Democratic organ establishedby John M. Crane and Nathan Willard, Mr. Crane withdrawingsoon after the paper was established. In1853 Mr. Wil-

236 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSlard sold the paper to J. C. Robinson and Jacob Zimmerman,who also purchased theTELEGRAPH, July 3, 1852-1858 A Whig : paper edited by Joseph G.Jones and published by S. P. Farley and J. G. Jones. Beforethe end of the first year S. F. Andrews and J. K. Carr, thenCharles Summers and J. Zimmerman were publishers, withSummers as editor. Combined with Illinois State Journal toform the Eastern Illinoisan in 1853. One source of informationsays that the Telegraph was revived in April or May of 1854 byJ. K. Carr and S. F. Andrews, but the scattering numbers through1853, 1854, and 1855 indicate no break. Andrews and Carrseem to have continued through 1855, then Andrews alone. J.K. Carr retired in the fall of 1854, and Andrews conducted theSHFpaper in the support of the Republican party until 1858.EASTERN ILLINOISAN, +1853-1865: J. C. Robinson and J. Zimmermanwere editors and publishers in 1854. From 1856 to 1861,S. S. Whitehead was proprietor. Edward L'Hote was publisherin 1858. For a few months in 1861 it was run by H. H. Peyton,who finally entered the army and Mr. Whitehead was forced toassume control. He continued its publication until 1865 whenit was purchased by John Littlefield and its publication suspendedfor thirteen years. After its revival it became a Democraticpaper, edited by B. F. Ward. It was later absorbed by ClarkCounty Democrat, now published by Bennett and Barber andedited by Norman Bennett.HFILLINOIS STATE DEMOCRAT, February 10, i84Q-i852(?): J. M.Crane was editor, Crane and N. Willard were publishers. In1852 N. Willard was publisher, editor, and proprietor. SUHJOURNAL, 1858-1859: Started by N. O. McKeen and John A. Whitlockin the interest of the Republican party. Edited for a whileby Whitlock alone; then as an Independent paper by W. S.Goodell.Absorbed in the fall of 1859 by the Illinoisan.HORNET, 1860: Established by E. L'Hote; J. R. Bulion, editor.Republican.HFLAG OF OUR UNION, i86i-i864(?): Established by John Littlefield,a man with "Know Nothing" sympathies, but conductedas favoring the preservation of the Union. It ran through threevolumes. It seems that he discontinued this paper when hebought Eastern Illinoisan.MESSENGER, 1865 to date (1891): John Littlefield was editor andChess Littlefield publisher in 1866, but the latter soon withdrew.By 1874 Ham and Eth Sutton were editors and publishers andcontinued so in 1875; but in 1876 John Littlefield was againrunning the paper. In the early 8o's Charles Littlefield became

MASCOUTAH, ST. CLAIR COUNTY 237associated with his father in the business, and eventually succeededhim. By 1891, Charles Littlefield had become editorand publisher. The paper was absorbed later by Clark CountyDemocrat. Independent. HCLARK COUNTY HERALD, August 1868 to date: Established by M-O. Frost. In 1882 he sold to L. S. Kilborn and Son. In 1895the Messrs. Kilborn sold to G C. Harner, who, after a fewmonths, sold back to them. They continued publication untilMay i, 1900, when they sold to George O. Baird and Company,who in turn sold to Charles Scott. Republican. HCHURCH PROGRESS, 1878-1884: Established by Rev. Charles Kuhlmanas a monthly, local, Catholic organ became; semi-monthlyin 1880, and weekly in 1882. In 1884 or 1885it was moved toSt. Louis, where it is still published.MARTINSVILLE, CLARK COUNTYEXPRESS, 1871 (?): Jerry Ishler, editor; M. O. Frost, publisher.An edition of the Clark County Herald, of Marshall.MARYSVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTYINDEPENDENT, 1877 Published by Ben. Biddlecome. Independent.:MASCOUTAH, ST. CLAIR COUNTYNEWS LETTER, 1860-1861: Published by August Hamilton andedited by Alexander G. Hawes. Republican. In 1861 consolidatedwith Advocate at Belleville.WACHENBLATT FUR MASCOUTAH UND UMGEGEND, January, 1862:(?): Small German sheet published during the war. Ithad a brief existence.ENTERPRISE, 1869: Fred Dilg and E. W. Griffin were editors andpublishers. Short-lived.HERALD, 1871 to date: Brought to Mascoutah from Lebanon,Illinois, by Carl Montag, who is still it.publishing Democratic.BANNER, 1872-1875: Established by Frederick Dilg, edited by W.D. Shelley, J. N. Perrin, and Philip Leibrock. Monthly. In1873 Shelley and J. H. G. Brinkerhoff made it a weekly. Intwo months Brinkerhoff sold his interest to Shelley and LeroyW. Free. In two months Free's interest was purchased by HenryPabst. In 1874 office sold to Messrs. Wassein and Binz, Mr.Brinkerhoff as editor. In 1875 Brinkerhoff purchased the paper,and after nine months it was suspended.ENTERPRISE, November, i875~May, 1876 Established by George:Auerswald. Independent. U

2 3 8 ANZEIGER, 1876 to date: Established by Fred Dilg, who for sixmonths had associtaed with him Philip Leibrock. Dilg sold in1889 to Bocquet and Winkler. John Winkler became soleowner for a few months. He sold in 1881 to C. J. Lischer, thepresent owner.Independent local paper.MASON, EFFINGHAM COUNTYLOYALIST, 1863: Established in April by GeorgeBrewster. Itwas "a rank exponent of Abolitionism." After a turbulentcareer of nine months it was removed to Salem, where it wassoon discontinued.MASON CITY, MASON COUNTYNEWS, 1867-1871: A ne'utral paper edited ana published byHaughey and Walker.INDEPENDENT, 1871-1891+ In 1879 Haughey and Warnock were:publishers; J. C. Warnock was editor. J. M. Haughey, 1882-1884; Ruth and Roach, 1891 ;Ruth and Montgomery, 1895. In1891 all of the newspaper business in Mason City was consolidatedin one office and the editor, S. B. Roach, named theaggregation Times. He sold to L. Y. Sikes in 1896, and Sikes toG. D. Sutton in 1901. Sutton sold to Edward Wilson in 1903,and Wilson to Ben C. Rickard in 1905. Republican under Roachand Sikes, Democratic under Sutton, and Independent underRickara.UJOURNAL, 1872-1891+: W. S. Walker established the paper andconducted it until 1874 or 1875, when he sold to Wells Corey.By 1884 Frank Corey had become associated with Wells Coreyas publisher. Republican.MATTOON, COLES COUNTYNATIONAL GAZETTE, 1856-1867+ Established :by Messrs. Houghtonand Spencer. With one short intermission Mr. Houghtonconducted the paper until 1859, when he sold to Mc-Intyre and Wooas. Shortly after the firm name appeared asHarding (W. P.) and Mclntyre. A third time Mr. Houghtonsecured an interest in the Gazette, which he held when killed ina battle of the Civil War. In 1865 the paper came under thecharge of W. P. and J. O. Harding brothers ; Harding andBostwick, 1866-1867. I*1 J867 it was bought by some citizens,Democrats, and its name changed to theDEMOCRAT, +1867+ They soon :disposed of the paper to Taylorand Brown, who changedit toCLARION, +1868: They, in a short time, stopped its publication.Leonidas Chapin, of Mattoon, has a few copies.

MEDORA, MACOUPIN COUNTY 239JOURNAL, November, 1865 to date: Established by W. O. Ellis.Republican. In 1866 sold an interest to Captain Thomas E.Woods, who became editor. Woods assumed entire control in1869 and retained it until March, 1876, when his brother,Winfield Woods, became associated with him. W. F. Purtillbought an interest in 1879. He soon became sole owner and remainedso until 1894, when C. W. Twitchell became manager,to be suc-ceeded in January, 1899, by M. H. Bassett. In thefall of 1899 M. H. Bassett and D. D. James bought the paper.James soon sold to Bassett and Andrews. Bassett was incharge until January 2, 1905, when he and Andrews sold to H.F. Kendall, who merged the paper with the Gazette in Journal-Gazette. Weekly and daily except Saturday and Sunday, since1874.RADICAL REPUBLICAN, December, 1867-1871+: Established byEbenezer Noyes. Sold in 1871 to A. Bookwalter, who changedthe name toCOMMERCIAL, + 1871 to date :Noyes suspended publication in 1872,but the paper was revived in October by R. Sumerlin and Sons.They sold in August, 1876, to a stock company with A. Sumerlinas editor and manager. A few years later Sumerlin becameowner and continued so until 1908, when a stock company wasformed with Sumerlin and Ed. Poorman as principal stockholders.GAZETTE, 1872 to date: Revived by C. B. Bostwick and George B.McDougall. The latter sold to Bostwick in 1874 and Bostwickconducted the paper until about 1888, when C. G. Peck becameassociated in the publication. Peck was soon left in control ofthe paper and remained so until October i, 1895, when H. F.Kendall bought the property. He sold a half interest to FrankC. McElvain in 1896. McElvain sold in 1899 to E. B. Tucker.Mr. Kendall bought the Journal, and the two papers were consolidatedas Journal-Gazette, with H. F. Kendall, president, andE. B. Tucker, secretary-treasurer, of the Mattoon Journal Company,which owns the property.COLES COUNTY HERALD, 1878and publisher in 1879.(?): John Haehnle was editorMEDORA, MACOUPIN COUNTYENTERPRISE, August, 1876-1878: J. H. Williams was editor, andParker and Suddeth of the Brighton Advance were publishers.ENSIGN, September 12, 1878: One number was issued, printed atthe office of the Brighton Advance, and bearing the name of HerbertLawson Durr as editor.

24oILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMEND ON, ADAMS COUNTYENTERPRISE, March, 1877-1878: Published by C. A. Bristol andCompany, from March to June, 1877 ; Bradley and White, Juneto October, 1877; by Urech and Company from October toMarch, 1878, when it was abandoned.DISPATCH, November 21, 1878 to date: Established by J. R. Urech,with D. H. Darby as editor. January i, 1884, Urech sold a halfinterest to W. H. Mclntyre, which firm continued until Septemberi, 1890, when Mclntyre boughtall interest and ran it toJanuary i, 1899, when original owner with his son Charles boughtit and still continues issuing same. It is neutral. Files of bothEnterprise and Dispatch are in the Dispatch office.MENDOTA, LA SALLE COUNTYPRESS, +1854 (?): Published by C. R. Fisk, a Presbyterianminister who moved it from Little Rock. Sold to J. L. andL M. Andrews who conducted it until February 26, 1857,when they sold back to Rev. C. R. Fisk. Republican andactively anti-slavery. (See Little Rock.) PFOBSERVER, 1856-1861+: Established as a Republican paper byunknown parties, but was run for a time by Col. J. R. S. Bond ;by Messrs. Crooker and Beck; then by R. H. Ruggles, whogave it the name P:BULLETIN, +1861-1897+ Conducted at the beginning by R. H.Ruggles, then Ruggles and Ford. In 1897it was consolidatedwith the Sun under the title Sun-Bulletin. Republican in politics.Files in the office. UDEMOCRAT, 1858-1859: A German paper established by FranzMeisenbach and Gabriel Pool. Lasted one year.TIMES, 1859-1861: Established by a Mr. Fisk (not C. R. Fisk).It was a Democratic paper ;its editor was said to be a Copperhead,and was forced by a recruiting company early in 1861 tomake a speech for the Union and haul up a flag. Soon afterwardhe left his paper and disappeared.CHRONICLE, 1869-1870: Established by Snell and Merrill; sold toF. D. Ford, who sold to the Bulletin in 1870. Files in theBulletinoffice.NEWS, 1874-1876: Established as an Independent paper by F. D.Ford. Sold to Dr. Spichler, then to William Parker, then tothe Bulletin. Files in Bulletin office.REPORTER, 1878 to date: Founded by John O. Sanford and G. P.Gardner. G. H. Kellogg bought out Sanford in 1879, and Gardnerbought out Kellogg in 1881. In 1883 he sold to L. S. Seaman

METROPOLIS CITY, MASSAC COUNTY 241and Otto Kieselbach. Seaman retired in 1887 and Kieselbachstill conducts the paper. Republicantill1883; Democraticsince then. Files are in the office.POST, August, 1879 to date: A German Democratic paper, estab-Otto Kieselbach. Files are in thelished and still conducted byoffice.MEREDOSIA, MORGAN COUNTYMONITOR, i877~i879(?): Edited by J. R. Miller and George W.Graham. In 1879 Miller alone was editor and publisher.ENTERPRISE, 1879-1882: Edited by J. P. McDonald; later by F.W. Schierbaum. It was moved to Versailles and is stillpublishedthere. Democratic.METAMORA, WOODFORD COUNTYWOODFORD COUNTY ARGUS, May, 1854+: Established by A. N.Shepherd. Became in a short time FWOODFORD SENTINEL, + 1854-1889+: The first issue was printed inPeoria. It was thought to be such a great enterprise that whenbrought over to Metamora, a copy was hoisted on a pole, like a flag,the streets paraded, and a regular ' ' war dance' ' held around it. Mr.Shepard was its first proprietor. George L. Harl was for a longtime editor and one of its proprietors, and in 1877 became soleproprietor. In 1888 Arthur Lee Hereford became editor. Anedition of this paper was issued in Washburn, Woodford county,under the name Sentinel. It was merged with the Herald about1889. Democratic.WOODFORD COUNTY VISITOR, 1855 (?): Conducted by SinionP. Shope. Vol. i, No. 18 is owned by Judge S. S. Page ofChicago.BULLETIN, (?) (?): Mentioned in Rowell for 1869 withno report.METROPOLIS CITY, MASSAC COUNTYPROMULGATOR, i865~i869(?): J. F. McCartney and Brother werenamed editors and publishers. Republican. Probably laterbecameMASSAC JOURNAL, 1865 to date Established :by B. O. Jones, editor;McCartney and Jones, publishers. In 1880 B. O. Jones waseditor, Jones and Davisson, publishers: R. A. Davisson, editor;E. D. Malone, publisher, 1882; E. D. Malone, editor and publisher,1884; Hines and Starkes, 1891. By 1895it had becomeMassac Journal- Republican with A. N. Starkes as editor, A. N.Starkes and Company, publishers.U

242 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTIMES, i867-i879( ?) In 1869 W. :J. Ward was editor, G. B. Depue,publisher; W. J. Ward and W. A. McBane, editors and publishers,1870; W. A. McBane, 1871-1873; J. F. McCartney,1874 ; J. F. McCartney was named as editor, J. F. Mc-Cartney and Company, publishers, 1879.DEMOCRAT, 1878-1899+ Edited by F. A. Trousdale, published:by James D. Stewart and Company. In 1895 F. A. Trousdalehad become editor and publisher. January i, 1899, the Heraldsucceeded the Democrat and is stillpublished, at present by Trousdaleand Barnes.MIDDLEPORT, IROQUOIS COUNTYIROQUOIS JOURNAL, 1851-1854+ Published by : J. A. Graham,who established on February 19, 1851, and who sold the officeabout April i, 1854, to William F. Keady and Benjamin Scott.The Journal had been devoted to politics, literature, the arts andscience, agriculture, etc. Under the new management,its namewas changed to theIROQUOIS COUNTY PRESS, +1854-1855+: It now became Democraticin its sympathies. In 1855 Mr. Keady bought out Mr.Scott and called it theWEEKLY PRESS, +1855-1865: Mr. Scott conducted it until 1857;Joseph Thomas and Roy W. Andrews, 1857-1858; Hon. JohnChamberlain, 1858 (?). Its editors successively wereHarmon Westbrook and Caleb Pink, 1857-1858; Michael Hagle,1858-1864; George J. Harrington, 1864-1865.INVESTIGATOR, about six months of 1855: It was published byRichard Taliaferro and James H. Graham. Its sympathieswere with the Democratic party. Publication irregular.IROQUOIS REPUBLICAN, May 8, 1856-1863+: A. G. Smith movedthe office to Watseka, spring of 1863, and in October, 1866, soldto Zacheus Beatty. The latter changed the name in 1872 tothe Watseka Republican, and continued publishertillApril i,1873.FIROQUOIS COUNTY HERALD, 1865-1867: Established about Octoberi, on the ruins of the Middleport Weekly Press. George W.Keady, publisher, Michael Hagle editor; Independent in politics.About February i, 1867, the office was moved to Watseka.The last Middleport issue of the Herald, January 27, 1867, wasthe last paper published at Middleport. Some time after theremoval to Watseka, Charles Jouvenat became editor, andremained so until the spring of 1869, when the paper ceased tcexist.

MINONK, WOODFORD COUNTY 243MILFORD, IROQUOIS COUNTYHERALD, July, 1876 to date: Established by J. R. Fox as a Greenbackpaper. Purchased in 1879 by Edward L'Hote, who soldin 1887 to his son, the present editor and proprietor, EugeneL'Hote. Republican under its present management. HGAZETTE, 1875.GENIUS, i879~i88o(?) In 1880 was being edited and published by:J. W. Sargent. It is not mentioned in the Newspaper Annualfor 1881.MILLINGTON, KENDALL COUNTYENTERPRISE, i873-i884(?) :J. W. Richardson was editor and publisher,1873-1874; F. P. HaUowell, 1875-1877 ; Jud. M. Morley,1878-1880; Morley and Cook, 1882; F. E. Morley, i884(?)the edition for Millington of the Kendall County News, (1872-?; Republican) published at Piano. Kendall county. HMILTON, PIKE COUNTYBEACON, i875-i884(?): Mr. Lucas, editor, boughtit from theMilton Reformer, a temperance paper. After five months astock company was formed. J. M. Farris became editor. In1876 sold to F. M. Grimes, who was still editor and publisher in1882. Started neutral; changed to Greenback. UMINIER, TAZEWELL COUNTYINDEPENDENT, 1870-1872 Edited and published by C. B. Ketcham.:Printed at the office of the Delavan Independent.NEWS, September, 1878 to date: Started by George L. Shoals,publisher of the Atlanta Argus, with Horace Crihfield. A printingplant was established in Minier in 1885 Crihfield became its;sole owner, then Crihfield Brothers. The paperis in charge ofR. C. Crihfield.MINONK, WOODFORD COUNTYJOURNAL, 1866 ( ?) An : edition, for Minonk, of the Journal of ElPaso. G. H. Jenkins was editor; William H. Addis and Company,publishers, 1869. In 1879 the title given in Rowell isHome Journal.PRAIRIE ENTERPRISE, 1868: An advertising sheet with gratuitouscirculation, edited and published by Johnson and Ware.INDEX, i87o-i877(?): Established by M. A. Gushing and CadetTaylor; M. A. Gushing was conducting the paper alone from1873 to 1877. Independent.REGISTER, 1870-1871: Established by M. M. Bagley.

244 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSREPORTER, 1870: Established by W. W. Wilkes; survived a fewmonths.TIMES, 1872-1873+: Established by Irving Carrier. It waschanged in 1873 to theBLADE, +1873 to date: By James M. Fort, who while in need offinancial aid purchased the office, enlarged the paper, and forseventeen years conducted it successfully, selling the publicationin 1897 to his son, Arthur C. Fort, and Clarence B. Hurtt, whoas Fort and Hurtt conducted the paper for some time. Sincethen it has been sold a number of times ;it is now owned andpublished by Chester R. Denson, under the name of the MinonkDispatch. Messrs. J. M. and A. C. Fort have completefiles.NEWS, 1878 to date: Established by S. C. Bruce; it was sold in1887 to Arthur R. Warren, and was stillbeing conducted by himin 1889. In 1907 George Werkheiser was editor and publisher.Republican.MOKENA, WILL COUNTYADVERTISER, 1874-1877 : Established by Charles A. Jones. It wasa sub-edition of the Lockport Advertiser.MOLINE, ROCK ISLAND COUNTYWORKMAN, August 21, i854-February 18, 1857: Edited and publishedby Amos Smith. "An Independent family newspaperdevoted to news, literature, agriculture, mechanics, commerceand home interests." It was Republican, and strongly antislavery.Smith sold, February 18, 1887, to R. H. Graham andAlfrea Webster, who changed the name toPEINDEPENDENT, February 25, 1857-1862: In May, 1858, Webstersold his interest to Graham, who in April, 1859, took C. H.Brennan as a partner. Brennan sold in December to M. S.Barnes. la 1860 Graham was again sole owner. He went towar in August, 1861, and J. A. Kuck managed the paper until itssuspension, October, 1862.FCITIZEN, July, 1858-1859: Established by F. M. Linnehan. JamesBowie became part owner in 1858, and owner in February,1859. It ceased to exist in 1859. A semi- weekly (later weekly)Democratic paper.REPUBLICAN, 1865-1867: Established by William H. Jenkins.Sold in 1867 to Capt. L. M. Haverstick, who closed the office.The material was used to establish the Review.REVIEW, November 26, 1870-1880+ Established :by Messrs. Loweand Frank R. Gilson. Lowe retired in 1871, and Gilson soldthe same year to Kennedy and Crichton; B. F. Tillinghast sue-

MONEE, WILL COUNTY 245ceeded Crichton in 1872; Kennedy retired in 1874. Tillinghastconducted the paper alone till1875, when J. H. Porter bought aninterest. R. H. Moore bought the paper in 1877, and in 1880failed. John H. Porter bought the equipment and the subscriptionlist was transferred to Samson Kennedy, who united theReview with with the weekly edition of the Dispatch as ReviewDispatch.SKANDIA, December 29, 1876-1878: A Swedish Republican paperestablished by A. C. Remer and P. E. Melin. Edited by P. E.Melin to 1877; then by Magnus Elmblad and Herman Stockenstrom.It was sold early in 1878 to Gustaf Swenson. InMay, 1878, it was sold to the Svenska Tribunen of Chicago.DAILY DISPATCH, July, 1878 to date: Established by Oliver andLouise White. They were succeeded by Sampson Kennedyand L. M. Haverstick then ; by Fred O. and Jay H. Dean then;by P. S. McGlynn and John K. Groom. Groom sold out in1891 to W. F. Eastman; since then McGlynn and Eastman wereeditors, publishers, and owners of the paper, until Eastman diedin 1909. It is now owned by Mrs. Eastman and P. S. McGlynn,the latter being in charge of the publication.REVIEW-DISPATCH, 1878 to date: The weekly edition of the Dispatch.It has the same history as that paper.AGRAIN CLEANER, 1878-1886+: Founded by Barnard and LeasManufacturing Company with R. James Abernathy as editor.C. F. Hall became editor and publisher in 1881. In 1884 hechanged its name to Modern Miller and became sole owner. Hemoved it to Kansas City in 1886, and in 1895 sold to a St.Louis syndicate. Under Hall it was an independent technicalPHmilling journal. Originally a monthly, it became a weekly millingnewspaper about 1893.MOMENCE, KANKAKEE COUNTYREPORTER, August, 1870 to date Established :by John B. A. Paradis.Sold in 1874 to M. O. Clark; Stephen W. Dennis, 1885-1891;Charles E. Carter, 1891-1901. In 1897it was consolidated withthe Momence Press and the name was changed to Press-Reporter,with C. E. Carter as editor. Carter sold in 1901 to C. S. Mc-Nichols and Company. Since that time O. M. Harlan has beenmanager. Incomplete files in possession of Mr. Harlan. Republican.MONEE, WILL COUNTYEAGLE, i86o(?)-i863(?): Established by J. G. Scott and continuedfor about three years.

246 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMONMOUTH, WARREN COUNTYATLAS, October, 1846 to date: Edited and managed by C. K. Smith,assisted for a short time by E. S. Bryon and F. K. Smith, 1845-1857; John S. Clark, 1857-1865; Mr. Clark and J. H. Reed,1865-1869; Mr. Clark and Son, with unimportant exceptions,1869 to 1892, when it was consolidated with the Advance asRepublican Atlas-Advance, now called Republican Atlas. Dailysince 1904. Published by Republican Printing Company, withArthur G. Brown as editor, C. F. Buck, manager. Files inWarren County Library Association Library.DUDEMOCTAT, August, 1852-1853: Published by Hosea and Ashton.Files in Warren County Library Association Library.REVIEW, December, 1855 to date: Its founder was A. H. Swain,who was the editor, 1855 to 1886 ;H. R. Moffet, 1886 to date. Itwas issued weekly, 1855-1887; semi-weekly, 1887-1888; anddaily and semi-weekly from 1888 to 1907, when it was changedback to a weekly. Independent. BFCOLLEGE COURIER, 1867-1868: Issued at Monmouth College.Monthly.UCOMMERCIAL RECORD, April, 1872-- (?): Monthly. ELEADER, 1873: A Republican paper edited by S. J. Clarke andpublished by the Leader Printing Company.MIDLAND MONTHLY, 1874: Published by W. D. Pratt.GAZETTE, 1876-1888: An Independent weekly; began a daily issuein 1883. It was moved to Galesburg, Illinois, about 1888, andwas soon discontinued.PAPER, i877~i879(?): G. G. McCosh was editor and publisher.By 1880 it had been absorbed by Gazette and for a time issuedas Gazette and Paper.EMONROE, OGLE COUNTYARGUS, 1877 (?): Established by D. C. Needham, who wasalso publishing the Creston Times.MONTICELLO, PIATT COUNTYTIMES, 1856-1858+ Edited by :J. D. Mondy, who was succeededby J- C. Johnson. He sold to James Outten, who receivedMr. Hassett as a partner. Changed toPIATT :DEMOCRAT, +1858-1862+ Edited by W. A. Gilliland, 1858-1860; J. C. Johnson, 1860-1862. Changed toCONSERVATIVE, + 1862-1864+: At first edited by Thomas Milligan,who was succeeded by W. E. Lodge. Changed to

MORRIS, GRUNDY COUNTY 247PIATT COUNTY UNION, +1864-1865+: Edited by M. A. Bates.Changed toPIATT INDEPENDENT, +1865-1874+: Edited by J. M. Holmes.A completefile is owned by L. C. Burgess. Changed toREPUBLICAN, + 1874-1876+: At the end of three years, Mr. Holmessold to Mr. Wagner, who immediately sold to H. B. Funk. Hechanged its name toBULLETIN, +1876 to date: Edited by Henry B. Funk, 1876-1882 ;Mize Brothers, 1882-1883;Mr- Funk, 1884-1885; MoralO'Banion; C. N. Walls, 1885-1886; Carl Uhler. 1887; M. L.Griffith, 1887-1888; Garver Brothers, 1888: William E. Krebs,1888-1808; Evan Stevenson, 1899; C. E. Gaumer, 1899-1902;H. W. Buckle, 1902-1903 ;G. W. Mize, the present editor, 1903to date. The files in the office are incomplete. Democratic.FARMERS' ADVOCATE, 1874: Existed for a few months in the spring.M. A. Bates was editor.PIATT COUNTY HERALD, April, 1874 to date: Established by H. H.Peters, who continued until 1892, when it was bought by G. A.Burgess and consolidated with the Independent; begun by Mr.Burgess in 1887, under the name Piatt County Republican. In1905 G. A. Burgess was succeeded, as editor and manager, byhis son, L. C. Burgess. Republican. A completefile ownedbv L. C. Burgess. UMORRIS, GRUNDY COUNTYYEOMAN, 1852-1854+ A : Republican paper, edited by James C.Watters. A copy of no. 54 of the first volume is owned byWalter A. Rose of Mazon, Illinois. Changed toGRUNDY COUNTY HERALD, +1854 to date: Edited by Henry C.Buffington and Charles E. Southard for one year; Mr. Southard1855-1864; C. L. Perry, who soon took Mr. Turner in partnership,1864-1866. Charles E. Southard, 1866-1874; in 1865Mr. Southard started the Advertiser, but soon resumed the controlof the Herald, whereupon he combined the two as Heraldand Advertiser, soon reverting to the name Herald. P. C. Hayes,1874-1876; Hayes and Fletcher, 1876 to 1891; W. L. Sackett,1891 to date. HFADVERTISER, 1865-1866+ Conducted by Charles E. Southard.:Combined with Herald.GAZETTE, 1853-1855: Edited by A. J. Ashton. It was purchasedby the proprietors of the Herald. It advocated Democracy.LIBERAL REFORMER, i872-i879(?): Established by Joe Simpson.In 1876 run by A. R. Barlow, after whom Simpson again tookH

248 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONScharge and closed it out. Anti-Republican, principally Demo-with Greenbackism.cratic, tingedINDEPENDENT, 1878 to date Established as a semi- :weekly by Perry,Crawford, and Kutz, March i, 1878. In 1882 it was in thecharge of Mr. Kutz alone. He sold about 1883 to W. J. Leacock,who a year later sold to Peter Low. In 1887 Low sold to C. R.Morrison, and in 1890 W. M. Reed purchased it, changed itsname to the Sentinel and made it Democratic. In 1895 Reedsold to S. H. Bucklin and Son. It was subsequently owned byGeorge Bucklin, and Bucklin and Hilliker, 1899-1900. Januaryi, 1909, the paper was bought by a stock company, withRichard F.Lawson as editor.MORRISON, WHITESIDE COUNTYWHITESIDE SENTINEL, 1857 to date: Established by Alfred Mc-Fadden. In 1862 McFadden leased it to Elmer Searle for oneyear, when he resumed publication. In 1867it was purchasedby Messrs. Charles Bent and Morris Savage. In 1870 Mr.Bent became sole proprietor. In 1877 Mr. Bent sold to RobertW. Welch, but repurchased it in 1879, and has been editor eversince. Charles Bent, Jr., has been manager since 1906. Completefiles in the office. Republican.REFORM INVESTIGATOR, 1868-1870: Established by Elmer Searle.Weekly, devoted to financial and other reforms ; published laterby a stock company with Searle as editor and manager. In 1870removed to Chicago; office destroyed in Chicago fire in 1871.INDEPENDENT, 1872-1874: Established by L. S. Ward and J. W.Huett. Later Elmer Searle became editor. Advocated presidencyof Horace Greeley. Discontinued in 1874. Office purchasedsame year by G. J. Booth and Son, who establishedTIMES, 1874-1876: In 1876 moved office to Rock Falls andchanged name to Whiteside Times (which see). Democratic.DEMOCRAT, 1876-1877: Established by Messrs. Guernsey, Connelly,and Frank A. Grove. Discontinued in 1877. Democratic.WHITESIDE HERALD, 1878-1884: Established by A. D. Hill. Laterit was sold to George B. Adams, who moved the office to Sterling,Illinois.Independent Republican.MORRISONVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTYTIMES, August 20, 1875 to date: Established by Thomas Cox,editor and proprietor. December 30, 1875, Cox sold out toM. J. Abbott, who in May, 1877, sold to George H. Palmerand Son. In 1879 the office was leased to Said and Poorman,Palmer and Son retaining ownership. In October, 1879, Steen

MOUND CITY, PULASKI COUNTY 249/Brothers, George H. and Joseph W. Steen, were publishers andeditors and continued so until 1882, when they sold to Caflinand Campbell. In 1883 Caflin became sole owner; in 1885 hesold to G. H. Sallee, who sold in 1887, to S. W. Gulp ; he, in 1907,Miller sold his interestto Lindsey and Miller. March i, 1909,to A. C. Brookman. Lindsey and Brookman are the presentproprietors and publishers. Independent. Files in the office. UMOUND CITY, PULASKI COUNTYNATIONAL EMPORIUM, 1856-1860: Edited by Dr. Z. Casterlineand published by J. Walter Waugh. They were succeeded byMoses B. Harrell as editor and John A. Waugh as publisher.Mr. Harrell withdrew in 1859 and Mr. Waugh became also itseditor. He continued its publication until 1860, when it wasdiscontinued.FHGAZETTE, 1860-1861 : Established by Judge J. R. Emerie. It continuedone year, and collapsed.JOURNAL, 1864-1874, 1878: Established and edited b> J. D. Mondy,who was succeeded by S. P. Wheeler. The latter moved toCairo, 1865, and H. R. Howard, who had published the paperduring Wheeler's administration, assumed the duties of editor.May, 1866, the press and allbelonging to it was bought by Capt.H. F. Potter, who edited the Journal until, in 1 1874, he moved toCairo, taking the press with him. After this removal, theMound City Journal was joined with the Cairo Argus, the twotogether receiving the name Argus-Journal, weekly. BeginningNovember 15, 1878, Mr. Potter published separately the CairoDaily Argus and the Mound City Journal. The latter was stillUnd,T Mr. Potter's management thebeing published in 1883.Journal was Democratic.HPULASKI PATRIOT, 1871 to date: Established June, 1871, by A. J.Alden, editor, and B. O. Jones, publisher. Fron June to November of that year, F. R. Waggoner was associated in the business.The latter part of November the firm of Alden and Joneswas dissolved, Alden retiring December 7. Jones sold out toF. R. Waggoner, who became editor. January, 1872, throughthe purchase of an interest by Mr. O. H. Turner, the firm namebecame Waggoner and Turner, which it remained until Novemberi, 1872, when Turner withdrew. December i, Fred W.Corson joined the firm, which was called Waggoner and Corsonuntil the withdrawal of Waggoner, April 10, 1873. His successorin the firm was Ed. H. Bintliff, firm name, Corson and1This date, 1874, for the removal of the office from Mound City to Cairo,does not agree with the previous account of the Cairo Daily Argus, from which thedate would appear to be 1876.

250 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBintliff. January 23, 1874, Bintliff withdrew, Corson continuingalone until November i, 1874, when he sold out to Ed. S. Ackermanand A. Ackerman. The latter was editor until December1877, at which time the paper passed entirely into the hands ofEd. S. Ackerman, who keptit until July, 1880. At this timeDaniel Hogan purchased the office and continued publicationuntil September i, 1881, when L. M. Bradley purchased an interest.Mr. Hogan has been sole owner since 1886. . In thatyear the name was changed to Pulaski Enterprise. J. P. Robertswas editor until 1882, when he was succeeded by J. F. Connell.He was followed by John F. Rector, one year, DanielHogan, Jr., one year, Daniel Hogan, Sr., one year; then H. C.Ashbaugh. The paper has been steadily Republican.MT. CARMEL, WABASH COUNTYSENTINEL AND WABASH ADVOCATE, 1834-1839:Edited by HoraceRoney, 1834-1835; Edward Baker, 1835-1836; Richard Beck,with O. B. Ficklin as an assistant, 1836-1839.REGISTER, June n, 1839, to date: A Whig paper, edited by J. S.Power, and published by W. B. Meany, who was succeeded byEzra B. Meaoey; George B. Backus, 1841, for seven years;Frank Fuller; Fuller and Hutchinson; W. D. Jackson, 1848-;S. S. Luken ;Victor B. and Robert Bell ;Theo. S. Powers,1852 Frank C. ; Manly, with Judge Green as politicaleditor. Mr. Green made itRepublican. In 1862 Manly diedand George W. Douglas took the paper, made it a Democraticorgan, and Richard Beck who succeeded him made itRepublicanagain. In 1867 Mr. Green, at public auction, purchased it,but Mr. Beck continued to publish it until sold to J. P. M. Calvo.It was suspended for an interval, 1867-1868. Messrs. Wade andCape revived it in 1868. They soon sold it to C. I. Wilmans,who ran it until 1870, when he sold to T. J. Groves. In a fewweeks Mr. Groves passedit back to Mr. Wilmans. J. H. Wilmanswas editor, 1871; Wilmans and Havill, 1875-1878. Underthe Bell Brothers the paper was non-partisan. In 1878 Mr.Havill made it an exponent of Democratic principles. It wassold by Frank W. Havill to P. J. Kolb and A. E. Smith, in November,1906. These men continued to publish the paper untilFebruary, 1908, when it was incorporated under the name of theMt. Carmel Register Company; A. E. Smith continued aseditor. A daily was begun in 1900. Files substantially completein the Aoffice.WABASH REPUBLICAN, 1840-1841 Edited :by W. D. Latshaw.GREENBRIER, i84o-(a brief existence) Edited by :J. S. Powers.PLOW BOY, i844-(a brief existence): Edited by Valentine Miller.

MT. CARROLL, CARROLL COUNTY 251WABASH DEMOCRAT, 1844-1847 Edited :by W. E. Latshaw for twoyears. He sold it, and it failed in the hands of Austin Brooksand Finney D. Preston soon after they bought it.WABASH DEMOCRAT, 1860-1878: A revival of the previous Democrat.Jacob Zimmerman was editor for awhile. He was succeededby G. W. Besore, and he in turn by James T. Costello.It failed in the hands of J. C. Hinckley. A Democrat is listed inRowell as established in 1865 and edited by J. P. M. Calvo,who continued until 1872; J. P. Reynolds, 1872; W. H.Evans and George A. Spitzer, 1873; Neil C. Burns, 1874;Hannah and Son, 1875-1877.TEMPERANCE LEADER, 1878: A monthly exponent of the "WhiteRibbon" ideas, published by Grossman and Scafer.Richard H.and a Mr.REPUBLICAN, 1878 to date: Established byBrown. They soon sold to J. F. Wilmans, who continued thepaper until January, 1883, when it was bought by Thomas L.Joy. Joy sold to D. E. Keen in 1888. Keen is the presentpublisher. A daily was begun in 1899. Files substantiallycomplete in the office.MT. CARROLL, CARROLL COUNTYTRIBUNE, i85o-(a few months) :Published by Dr. J. L. HostetterḞREPUBLICAN, i852-i859(?): Established by J. P. Emmert, whosold to H. G. Grattan, 1853-1855; D. H. Wheeler, 1855-1857;D. B. Emmert, ; J. L. Hostetter and E. C. Cochran. Itwas consolidated under Cochran and English, with the Intelligencer,but they were soon separated. It was last owned byMrs. Skinner and Miss Gregory, and edited by Silvernail andLadd.FCARROLL COUNTY MIRROR, 1858 to date: Published by AlexanderWindle and I. V. Hollinger to 1865; J. M. Adair, 1865-1874;Joseph F. Allison, 1874-1875; W. D. Hughes and A. B. Hoilinger,1875; Mr. Hughes, 1875 to 1888. After Hughes' deathit was conducted by his daughter, Jean A. Hughes, until 1889,when it was sold to W. A. Stevens. Stephens sold it to JohnSughrone; he to J. F. Allison; he to W. L. Puterbaugh in 1893;he to Hughes and Hurless. Hughes sold his interest to Hurless,who still conducts the paper.INTELLIGENCER, (?)- 1860: Published by George English, fora short time, and was absorbed by the Mirror.OREAD, i868-i89o(?): Collegiate; quarterly.

252 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNEWS, 1875-1876+: Established by Frank A. Beeler, who soldthe paper in 1876 to J. William Mastin. He changed the nameto theHERALD, +1876-1890: On January i, 1877, the paper was boughtby Hollinger, and Frank J. Sessions was editor. Sessions soldhis interest to Don Frazer, and Col. M. Feezer leased Hollinger'sinterest in 1888. In 1889 Feezer and Albright conducted it.Frazer sold to the Mirror, which absorbed it in 1890. The Heraldwas at first Independent, but soon turned Democratic.MT. FOREST, COOK COUNTYNEW ERA, 1879-1880: "Done by John J. Coburn, editor and publisher."MT. MORRIS, OGLE COUNTYROCK RIVER REGISTER, January i-September, 1842: It was establishedby friends of Rock River Seminary; edited by EmanuelKnodle, whose death was announced in the twelfth number,and who was succeeded by D. C. Dunbar; published by Mr.Stephens and Jonathan Knodle. It was at first non-partisan,but on July 10 "came out" Whig, supporting Joseph Duncanfor governor and denouncing Judge Ford. It was moved toGrand Detour, and was discontiuned in 1843, probably inAugust.GAZETTE, March, 1850-1853: Edited by Daniel J. Pinckney andpublished by J. Frederick Grosh and Tomlinson Ankney.Pinckney was principal of the Rock River Seminary. Its editorialmanagement was able, the editor striving to make it theexponent of his own ideas rather than a chronicle of the news ofthe day. At the end of one year the paper was sold to R. C.Burchell, who removed the outfit to Oregon. The paper wassoon re-established, however. In 1851, Brayton, Baker andCompany appeared as publishers. C. C. Allen and S. D. Atkinsmoved it to Savanna, Illinois. Independent. PoloNORTHWESTERN REPUBLICAN, 1856-1857+: Published by C. G.Atwood and Henry Metcalf. They sold to Brayton, Potter,and Company, and then to Myron S. Barnes, who changedit totheFINDEPENDENT WATCHMAN, +1857-1861: Published by Myron S.Barnes, 1857-1859. For the rest of its existence it was ownedby a joint stock company, with Mr. J. D. Dopf as publisher,and under the editorial management of Professor W. S. Popeand Dr. F. A. McNeill. Material removed to Polo. Republican.EF

MT. STERLING, BROWN COUNTY 253ANNUAL, 1862-1868: Edited by Col. B. F. Sheets, who was succeededby Rev. J. H. Vincent. ASunday school paper.INDEPENDENT, 1876-1877+ Established by a :joint stock companyorganized by Samuel Knodle. D. J. Pinckney was editor. Itsoon was sold to John Sharer and becameOGLE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, May, +1877-1886: John Sharer waseditor and publisher and Dr. B.G. Stephens, associate editor.These persons conducted the paper nine years, when it was discontinuedand the plant removed to Oregon, Illinois.MT. PULASKI, LOGAN COUNTYSENTINEL, 1870-1871+: Established by Francis M. Doulton, whowas succeeded not long after by John Bush. In August, 1871,the paper was changed to theOBSERVER, +1871-1873+: Changed from the Sentinel, August,1871; conducted by Frank Sloan till July, 1873, when it waschanged to theDOLLAR STAR + 1873 + : Published for a short time by Joel Dunbar,who changedit to theSTAR, +1873-1876: Changed from the Dollar Star soon after thebeginning of Dunbar's control ; published by him until October,1876, when it was sold out.CITIZEN, November 29, 1876 to date (1884): Established by theConklin Brothers, who were stillpublishing it in 1878. In1880, the editor was J. W. Wolfe; H. C. Suttle, 1882 to 1884.Independent in politics.MT. STERLING, BROWN COUNTYPRAIRIE PIONEER, 1848-1850+ : A Democratic paper, founded andedited by John Bigler. Its next editor was P. L. Shutt, who wasfollowed by J. B. More, with Geo. S. Myers as his publisher.Changed toPRAIRIE DEMOCRAT, +1850-1852+: J. R. Bailey edited it forE. T. Hollister, its owner. In 1852 it strongly urged the selectionof Stephen A. Douglas as the Democratic candidate forpresident. Became the FCHRONOTYPE, +1852-1855: Mr. Bailey remained its editor, until1855 when he removed the material to Jacksonville, where heestablished the Sentinel.FWESTERN SPY, 1856-1857: Established and edited by A. L. Snowwith G. W. Gross as associate editor. In 1857it was sold toB. H. Irwin, who sold to Nicholson and Shurtleff. They movedit to Beardstown. Whig.

1869,254 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSUNION, 1856-1863+ A Democratic :paper, owned by a stock companyand edited by Robert A. Glenn and James R. Gordon.After several changes in ownership it was suspended for a fewmonths in 1857. It was revived by J. C. O'Neil, who was itseditor and publisher, 1857-1861 ; J. C. and Martin O'Neil,1861; J. C. O'Neil, 1861-1863. When he died in l86 3 theestablishment was sold, after a few months, to Sam. S. andMartin Brooks, changed the name to theRECORD, +1863-1869+ They continued to : itpublish as a Democraticpaper until . when they sold it to J. S. H. Ham-thebaugh, who called itWEEKLY GAZETTE, +1869-1872+: He publishedit until 1872,when he sold it to Gervis M. Russell, who changedit toBROWN COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1872-1886+:Gervis M. Davis waseditor and proprietor, 1872-1874; H. K. Davis and S. N. Jones,1874-1875; Mr. Davis, 1875-1886. When Mr. Davis assumedcontrol it was an organ of the Grangers. It afterwards advocatedthe principles of the Greenback party. In 1876itsupportedPeter Cooper, and in 1880, Gen. Hancock. Consolidated withthe Illlinois Weekly Message in 1886.BROWN COUNTY REPUBLICAN, May, 1866-1867: Established byJ. S. Nicholson; W. O. L. Jewett and Higgins, 1867;Barrett and David D. Wilson, 1867; David D. Wilson, 1867,when publication ceased.ILLINOIS WEEKLY MESSAGE, January, 1872-1886+: Establishedby Henry A. Glenn and Eugene C. Brockman; E. C. Brockmanand Mart Brooks, 1873-1876; E. C. Brockman, 1876-1883; J. B. Stubblefield and Charles Kendrick, 1883; C.H. Wetzel, 1883-1884; S. T. Ranney, 1884-1886. July, 1886,purchased by Mrs. Mary Davis and W. B. Davis, who consolidatedit with the Democrat, becoming the Democrat-Message,+ July, 1886, to date, still under the management of Mrs. MaryDavis and W. B. Davis. In October, 1899, it was changed totwice a week. Democratic.MT. VERNON, JEFFERSON COUNTYJEFFERSONIAN, 1851-1856+ Established by Bogan and :Stickney,and later published by John S. Bogan alone. In 1854 Mr. Bogasold to Bowman and Robinson, who after a short time sold it tcDodds, Johnson and Company. J. B. Tanner was their editor,and the paper was run in the interest of a railroad project.Thataccomplished, it was changed to

MT. VERNON, JEFFERSON COUNTY 255SENTINEL, +1856-1857+: It was published by Tanner, Casey,and Anderson, with the latter gentleman as editor; afterwardspublished by John A. Wall and Joe V. Baugh. It became theEGYPTIAN TORCHLIGHT, + springtill late fall, 1857+: Publishedby Hollingsworth and Wall. The latter withdrew a short timebefore Hollingsworth, who was succeeded by Ed. Satterfield.He published the paper for a few weeks, and then itchangedhands and name, becoming the:ADVOCATE, +1857-1858+ Owned by Dr. S. Turner Brown, andpublished by him, with the assistance of Satterfield and Dowler,for three weeks at the end of 1857. Satterfield then kept thepaper alive until the spring of 1858, after which time it was continuedwith a change of hands as theSTAR, + 1858-1865 Controlled :by S. B. Curtis and James S. Lane,1858-1859; John A. Wall, nine months; Ed. and John Satterfieldto 1 86 1 ; John Satterfield to close of 1861 ; Judge Satterfield(father of Ed. and John) and Wm. Davisson, to spring of1862; Ed. Satterfield, to fall of 1862; Ed. and John Satterfield,1862-1865. The paper was bought in November, 1865, by C.L. Hays, who began in December to publish the Free Press.GUARDIAN, 1860-1863+: Established by Alex Russell and JohnA. Wall, April, 1860; the firstRepublican paper. It evenclaimed to be a War Democrat. Russell and Wall, 1860-1861 ;Russell and Denlinger, a few months, beginning in the spring(April?) of 1861 ;fall of 1861, Denlinger. In March, 1863,the Guardian was changed toUNCONDITIONAL UNIONIST, +1863-1867: Established by John A.Wall, who publishedit three years. A. B. Barrett and othersformed a stock company for the maintenance of the Unionistupon Wall's withdrawal. A. J. Alden was editor 1866 to summerof 1867. George W. Moray, his successor, discontinued thepaper after five weeks. It was Republican in politics.FREE PRESS, 1865-1880: Established by C. L. Hayes, December6, 1865, and published from the office of the Star. InMarch, 1872, Hayes sold to R. A. D. Wilbanks and G. M.Haynes, who managed the Press till the following October,and were then succeeded by W. H. Mantz, to whom they leasedthe office. Mantz continued till the spring of 1876, when DonDavisson succeeded him. From April, 1879, to February, 1880,the business was backed by a stock company of Greenbackers,and William B. Anderson was editor. They sold out to H. H.Simmons of the News, February, 1880.STATESMAN, 1867-1873: Established by Henry Hitchcock, September3, 1867, to succeed the Unionist. Hitchcock sold out

256 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSin May, 1873, to C. L. Hayes and R. M. Morrison, who beganthe publication of the Sucker State. The Statesman was Republicanin politics.NEWS, September 2, 1871 to date: Established by Lawrence F.Tromly and Company. Theodore Trornly joined his brother,and as the Tromly Brothers they published the News, tillthe spring of 1876, as a Republican paper. At this timethey sold to C. L. Hayes, who in turn sold to C. A. Keller,January, 1887, Hayes retaining possession till April i. Kellersold to H. H. Simmons, November 28, 1877. The latter hadedited the News since April. In February, 1880, Mr. Simmonsbought the Free Press, which he combined with the News. In1883 he was still publishing his paper as the Mt. Vernon News.Simmons has been followed successively by John W. Grear, Grearand Baker, Pace and Baker, Sumner and Baker; and, as botha daily and a weekly, by the Mt. Vernon News Company, withJoe V. Baugh as editor, A Democratic paper.SUCKER STATE, 1873-1874: Established by C. L. Hayes andR. M. Morrison, who had bought Hitchcock's Statesman office,May, 1873. The paper now became Democratic in politics.Morrison retired December 27, 1873. The paper failed underHayes in 1874.WEEKLY EXPONENT, 1878-1884+: Moved from Casey, in Clarkcounty, without change of name, by Edward Hitchcock, November,1878. Publication in Mt. Vernon began December 5,1878, with the first number of vol. 3.Hitchcock had edited alsothe first two volumes. In 1884 he sold to Morris Emmerson,who changed the name to Register, and in 1892 began the daily.On September i, 1902, Emmerson sold to Maurice J. Seed, whohas continued the publication of both papers. Its politics wereRepublican.MOWEAQUA, SHELBY COUNTYREGISTER, 1872-1880: Established by A. M. Anderson, editor, andJohn P. Marnel. In so^ 1875 to Arnold Hughes. After twcyears it ceased. In 1878 F. M. Hughes purchased the plantand resumed the publication as an Independent paper, but itbecame Democratic. Discontinued.ILLUSTRATED BAPTIST, 1879: Printed by the Register.MURPHYSBORO, JACKSON COUNTYJACKSON DEMOCRAT, 1855: The proprietors were George C. andF. C. Bierer. It was bought and discontinued in the fall of 1855by Lt. Gov. A. M. Jenkins.

NAPERVILLE, DuPAGE COUNTY 257SENTINEL, 1855: Established by Lt. Gov. Jenkins, who sold theestablishment to S. S. Hall. He moved it to DeSoto, where itwas known as the Farmer.ARGUS, 1860 (?) : In 1869 a paper by the same name, established1868, was edited and published by W. F. Schuckers;T. F. Bouton and W. D. Frick, 1870; Evans and Dishon, 1873.In 1873it was superseded by the Era. Democratic.INDEPENDENT, 1873 to date (1877) Edited by Bethune Dishon:and John W. Grear. In 1876 Mr. Dishon severed his connection.Mr. Grear edited alone until 1877. Independent inpolitics until 1877, then Democratic. In 1877 Mr. James C.Sowers became connected with the paper.JACKSON COUNTY ERA AND SOUTHERN ILLINOISAN, 1873-1902+:J. P. Robarts was editor; Robarts and Evans, publishers, 1874;G. J. Burr was editor; G. J.Burr and Company, publishers,1879. It was continued until 1902, when it was absorbed bythe Republican and the continuation called Republican-Era.Daily and weekly, run by H. L. Williamson.INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNE, 1878-1880: Ingram was editor and publisherin 1880. Greenback.NAPERVILLE, DuPAGE COUNTYDuPAGE COUNTY RECORDER, 1849+: Edited by C. J. Sellon as anon-partisan paper. Changed to FDEMOCRATIC PLAINDEALER, +1850: It now became an organ ofDemocracy.DAUGHTER OF TEMPERANCE, 1850: Issued weekly.DuPAGE COUNTY OBSERVER, 1851-1854: It sprang from the remainsof the Democratic Plaindealer. Published by Barnes,Humphrey, and Keith, 1851; by Barnes, Martin, and Keith,1852-1854. FDuPAGE COUNTY JOURNAL, 1854-1857: Established by C. W.Keith. It was conducted successively by C. W. Keith, Keith,Edson and Company; J. M. Edson and E. M. Day. In February,1857, the building in which the office was situated wascarried away by a flood.NEWSLETTER, 1857 :Published by E. H. Eyer.SENTINEL, (?)- 1862: Published by D. B. Birdsall.DuPAGE COUNTY PRESS, 1863-1868+: Owned by Robert Naperand P. K. Potter, who in 1868 sold to D. B. Givler, who changedit to

258 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCLARION, +February, 1868 to date; Established by D. B. Givlerand published by him until January, 1905, when he sold to hisson, R. N. Givler, the present publisher. Neutral.COLLEGE CHRONICLE, 1873-1876; 1883 to date: Published bystudents composing the Chronicle Publishing Company in theinterest of Northwestern College. H. H. Rassweiler was editor,1873-1875; J. L. Rockey, 1875-1876. Monthly. Files in N.W. Coll. Lib.DuPAGE COUNTY VOLKSZEITUNG, 1879-1880: Edited and publishedby Theodore Blenkner. German, neutral.NAPLES, SCOTT COUNTYSPIRIT or THE WEST, 1837-1838: Established by a stock company,and edited and published by Nathan M. Knapp at intervals ofapparently more than a fortnight and less than a month. JamesM. Ruggles did the printing. The motto explained: "Amidstthe hum the strife the shock of men, we hear we seewe feel and then express." The editor promised by way ofexercising his catalog of sensations, that a portion of the sheetshould be devoted to "Education, Morality, Political Economy,Poetry, and General Miscellany." Before July 14 the establishmenthad been moved to Jacksonville, where the paper becamethe Spirit oj the West and Illinois Standard. Politically"uninfluenced by partisan prejudice."POST, about 1840: A Whig paper conducted by Mark W. Delahay.OBSERVER, about 1850: Published by a Mr. Tilden (A. S. ?).NASHVILLE, WASHINGTON COUNTYNEW ERA, 1851-1853+: Established and edited by a joint stockcompany of a few citizens who secured the service of P. W. Skinneras printer and manager of the mechanical part. Johnson andLogan were editors and publishers in 1852. Neutral as topolitics. In 1853it was sold to Robert K. Fleming and thename changed toFMONITOR, + 1853-1856+:Fleming's management of it was brief and,the former stockholders, takingitback, gave charge of it to M.L. McCord, who, being a Whig, gave it up because he refused tomake it a Democratic organ during the campaign of 1856.Henry Johnson was called to take his place, and he changedits name toDEMOCRAT, +1856-1860+ Under Johnson :it supported Buchananfor the presidency. In 1858 Elijah M. Vance became manager.From Mr. Vance itpassed into the hands of O. P. Hoddy, whopassed it over to P. C. Graves, Sr., and gaveit the name of F

NASHVILLE, WASHINGTON COUNTY 259WASHINGTON COUNTY HERALD, +1860-1862+: C E. Hammondappeared as editor, 1860-1862. He sold out to M. M. Goodner,who called itJACKSONIAN, +1862-1863+: Decidedly Democratic in its sympathies.Mr. Goodner sold to Francis M. Verner, who called it theCONSTITUTION, +1863-- (?): Amos Watts appeared as editor.Soon ceased.YOUNG AMERICAN DEMOCRAT, +1853- (?): Another paperwhich was regarded by its editors and publishers, Henry Johnsonand D. L. Logan, as the successor of Era. Probably discontinuedin 1856, when Johnson took charge of Monitor, whichhe renamed Democrat.FJOURNAL, 1863 to date: Established in oppposition to the Jacksonian,by a stock company which was organized December, 1862,by James Garvin and C. F. Hartman. The first issue wasJanuary 23, 1863. C. F. Hartman was editor and proprietoruntil 1870, when he sold out to G. F. Kimball and F. M. Taylor.James B. Matlack was manager and local editor. Kimball andTaylor sold to Matlack and J. B. Anderson. The latter firmcontinued to 1874 when Anderson sold his interest to C. F. Hartman.Matlack and Hartman continued to May, 1875, whenHartman sold to Matlack. After a few weeks, Matlack sold ahalf interest to C. D. Wassell. In December, 1876, Wassellbecame sole owner. One month later, J. B. Wassell joinedC. D. Wassell and the firm continued to date as Wassell Bros.Dr. W. M. Pierce was editor from the time this firm was formeduntil 1880; Way and Jones, 1880; Hartman and Company,1882; Hartman and Schmidt, 1884; Henry J. Schmidt, editor,Emil Schmidt, publisher, 1891; Schmidt and Watts, 1895;H. J. Schmidt, to date. Republican in politics.PEOPLE'S PRESS, 1866-1867+: Established as a successor to theConstitution by a stock company of Democrats, with Amos Wattsas proprietor and manager Col. W. H.; Redding, editor. Afterone year Amos Watts became editor. A year and a half afterthis, in the spring of 1867, Joseph B. Anderson became publisherand proprietor and changed the name to theDEMOCRAT, +1867 to date: Published for the first year of itsexistence under the new name, by Joseph B. Anderson. Springof 1870, Peter W. Baker, editor and proprietor, for eightmonths. Late fall of 1870, D. A. Burton and O. P. Hoddy.Fall of 1871, J. B. Anderson and S. C. Page. November 30,1871, W. S. and C. M. Forman. Forman Brothers sold November15, 1876, to J. J. Anderson, editor and proprietor tillafter 1891; Vernor and Carson, 1895; E. F. Beiser, to date.Democratic.

260 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWASHINGTON COUNTY ZEITUNG, 1874 to date (1882): EstablishedMarch, 1874, by Forman Brothers and Dr. H. D. Schmidt. Thelatter was editor ;the firm name was H. D. Schmidt and Company.March, 1876, Forman Brothers sold to a stock company, H. D.Schmidt and brother becoming managers. July, 1876, theSchmidts retired, a new stock company was formed, with FormanBrothers as managers and Herman Rieken, editor. Itcontinued thus until February i, 1879, when J. J. Andersonbought the Zeitung and in 1879 was sole publisher and proprietorof the Zeitung and Democrat. In 1880 and 1882 Zeitung PrintingCompany were editors and publishers.ILLINOIS VOLKSBLATT, 1876 to date: Established by H. D. Schmidtand Emil Schmidt in August, 1876. The former was editor toafter 1884. Hartman and Company were publishers in 1882,1884. In 1891 Emil Schmidt was editor, Herman Rieken,publisher; F. C. Krumsick, editor, Schmidt and Waldo, publishers,1895 to date. Republican.NAUVOO, HANCOCK COUNTYTIMES AND SEASONS, 1839-1846: A Mormon paper founded byEbenezer Robinson and D. C. Smith the youngest brotherof the prophet, Joseph Smith. It was issued semi-monthly, dur-under several editorsing the stay of the Mormons in the county,and publishers, among whom, besides its founders, were theprophet himself, Frederick G. Williams, John Taylor, WilfordWoodruff and W. W. Phelps.SHWASP, April 16, 1842-1843+ Founded by the patriarch, William:Smith, who was succeeded as editor, late in 1842, by John Taylor.Issued from the office of the Times and Seasons. It became theHLNEIGHBOR, +1843-1845+: Edited by John Taylor, one of thetwelve apostles, and published by Taylor and Woodruff.Changed toUHLFHANCOCK EAGLE, +i845~April 3, 1846+: Still a Mormon paper;edited by Dr. W. E. Matlack a gentile. He was a graduate ofPrinceton and had been editorially connected with HoraceGreeley on the New Yorker. In itpoliticswas Democratic.Upon the death of Mr. Matlack the paper was sold to SamuelSlocum and changed toNEW CITIZEN, +1846-1847: Anti-Mormon, edited byHLDr. IsaacGalland, later J. S. Winter. Published by Samuel Slocum. HLEXPOSITOR, June 7, 1844: Established to expose the controllingfaction of Mormons. After one number was issued it was declareda nuisance by the common council and the press and

NEPONSET, BUREAU COUNTY 261material were burned or destroyed by the city marshal an actleading to the lynching of the brothers, Joseph and Hyrum Smith.It was established by William and Wilson Law, Charles and RobertD. Foster, Francis M. and Chauncey L. Higbee, and managedby Sylvester Emmans; all were Mormons who protestedagainst the despotism of Joseph Smith.SLCOLONIE ICARIENNE, 1845 Published :by the Icarian community.PATRIOT, 1847-1850: A Democratic paper edited by James McKee.ICARIAN REVIEW, 1851 Published by the Icarian community and:edited by M. Etienne Cobet.POPULAR TRIBUNE, January 25, 1851- (?): "Journal ofReform and Social Reorganization. Organ of the Icarian Community,under the direction of M. E. Cobet, formerly an attorneygeneral and deputy of France, and now president of the"above community. By July, 1853, Popular had been droppedfrom the title.DEMOCRATIC PRESS, 1858-1860: Founded by Gregg and Lambert.In a few months Messrs. Yates, Chapman, Bauer, and Swartztook the concern. Finally Mr. Yates, being alone, secured Mr.Grove to conduct it. His successor was Abraham Yates.HANCOCK COUNTY JOURNAL, 1870-1875: Established by TheoBischof and conducted by him until 1875. Printed at the officeof the Keokuk Post.INDEPENDENT, October, 1873 to date: Kremer and Thomas establishedand ran the paper for forty-four weeks, when they sold toHamilton and Nelson (B. R. Hamilton and Joseph Nelson).After a year Hamilton retired and Nelson continued the papertill1880; Hibbard and Baumert, 1880-1885; Baumert andArgast, 1885-1888; Baumert Brothers, 1888-- Since .1902the paper has been issued semi- weekly.ULNEOGA, CUMBERLAND COUNTY:ADVERTISER, 1874-1875+ Established by S. Z. Bland as an advertisingmedium. It was sold the next year to Allison Brothersof Mattoon, who changed the name to theNEWS, + 1875 to date : In 1876 the paper was sold to Hancock andKelley. Kelley retired a year later. The paper was, in 1907,conducted by Mrs. T. R. Hancock with W. M. Simpson aseditor. It is now owned and edited by L. A. Osborne.NEPONSET, BUREAU COUNTYGAZETTE, 1868-1870:Established by Charles M. King.F

262 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNEWARK, KENDALL COUNTYKENDALL COUNTY NEWS, 1878-- (?): An edition of the PianoNews. R. M. and Callie D. M. Springer were editors and publishersin 1879.CLIPPER, ( ?) .NEW ATHENS, ST.CLAIR COUNTYERA, 1869-1876: Established by Bauman and Schild. Frank R.O'Neill was editor and publisher in 1871 ;T. D. Schoupe, 1872-1874; sold to George Auerswald in 1875 and he in 1876 movedthe office to Belleville, where he commenced the Independent.NEW BERLIN, SANGAMON COUNTYADVANCE, 1874: W. T. Lakin was editor and publisher. Printedat the office of the Waverly Times.NEW BOSTON, MERCER COUNTYGOLDEN AGE, i852-(after 1854): Edited and published by L. W.Myers and M. Boyd.FHERALD, 1865-1872: A Republican paper, edited and -published byC. A. Ballard.NEW BURNSIDE, JOHNSON COUNTYJOHNSON COUNTY JOURNAL, 1874-1879: A. J. Allen was editorand publisher in 1875; Judd J. Penny, 1876; J. B. Chapman1877; Milton M. Smith was editor and publisher in 1879.Printed at Vienna. Independent. UNEWMAN, DOUGLAS COUNTYDEMOCRAT, 1873-1874+ Established by Cicero V. Walls. After:six months he suspended it for a year. When he resumed publicationhe changed the name toINDEPENDENT, +1875 to date: In 1882-1883 Wall leased to CarleA. Uhler for about a year. In 1884 he again leased it to A. B.Smith. In 1887 A. B. and M. S. Smith purchased the plant.In 1894 A. B. Smith retired from the firm and M. S. Smith hasbeen sole proprietor since. Though Independent at first, itbecame and is stillRepublican.NEW RUTLAND, LA SALLE COUNTYRECORD, 1871-1872: Established by C. M. Thompson. Republican.JOURNAL, 1872-1877 Edited by E. F. Baldwin, published by Walter:Hoge, then by John Wadleigh, 1874-1875 and 1877; JournalCompany, 1876. An edition of the El Paso Journal.TIMES, 1874-1877: J. H. Brevoort was editor andIssued from the office of the Minonk Times.publisher.

NOKOMIS, MONTGOMERY COUNTY 263NEWTON, JASPER COUNTYENQUIRER, 1856-1858+ A Democratic :paper published by Geo.E. Hoar. Became theJASPER COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1858-1862: Published by Mehaffeyand Odell.PLAINDEALER, 1858: Edited by J. H. Graham as an "IndependentDemocratic" journal. Short-lived. It was succeeded by theDEMOCRATIC WATCHMAN, 1858-1865+: Bought by Dr. T. H.Walker who engaged a Mr. Sears as editor. The name waschanged to thePRESS, +1865 to date: Later sold to a Mr. Stotler, with JamesStotler as editor. The paper was bought, after four months,by T. H. and A. N. Walker. In 1882 it was bought by John H.Shup, with Frank L. Shup as editor. The latter became partowner with John H. Shup, then with Isaac Shup, and later withJames W. Gibson, who is now editor and publisher. The paperbecame a bi-weekly in 1899.JASPER COUNTY CLIPPER, 1874-1876: E. Gorrell was editor andpublisher.JASPER COUNTY TIMES, 1876-- (?): In 1879 E. Gorrell waseditor and publisher. Probably successor to Clipper IndependentDemocratic.NEW WINDSOR, MERCER COUNTYTIMES, 1873 Chadwick and Brown were editors and :publishers.PRESS, 1874-1876: W. S. Coe and Company were editors and publishersin 1875; Ward and Young in 1876; H. W. Young in1877. Republican.NIANTIC, MACON COUNTYHERALD, October, 1874-- (?): Established by R. V. Malloy.Had a brief existence.NILWOOD, MACOUPIN COUNTYJOURNAL, 1874-1876: D. C. Mclver was editor and W. E. Miltonwas publisher in 1875 W. E. Milton, publisher in 1876. Printed;at the office of the Girard Review.NOKOMIS, MONTGOMERY COUNTYADVERTISER, 1868-1871: Established by A. H. Draper and a Mr.Henderson.:GAZETTE, 1871-1878+ Established by Picket and H. F. White.In the fall of 1872 James Bone took the plant on a mortgage andsold to D. H. Zepp and a Rev. Mr. Smoyer. In 1873 D. H.

264 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSZepp became sole owner and sold in 1875 to H. F. White. Whitesoon sold to Hiram Graden. Suspended after a few years ;itsname was revived in 1878 and consolidated with Free Press. UBULLETIN, 1873-1876: Established by A. H. Draper; continuedfor three years, and afterward intermittently.FREE PRESS, i877~March, 1878+: Established as an advertisingsheet by E. M. Hulbert, who the next year consolidated it withthe Gazette, and the new paper was calledFREE PRESS-GAZETTE, + March, 1878 to date: Established, edited,and published by E. M. Hulbert and Hiram Graden. Gradensoon retired, after which event Hulbert was sole owner. In 1881the Atlas (established 1880 by H. M. Graden) was absorbed.In December, 1888, J. W. Wild, editor and manager of theDeutsch Amerikaner (established by E. M. Hulbert, December,1880), bought a half interest in the Free Press-Gazette and hasbeen editor and half owner since. In April, 1893, E. M. Hulbertsold to George E. Whitten, who in July, 1897, sold to E. FrankDraper. He sold, in July, 1901, to G. H. Webster. Wild andWebster still conduct both papers. Non-partisan since 1880.Before that time Gazette was Republican, Free Press Democratic.Complete bound files in office.NORMAL, MCLEAN COUNTYILLINOIS SCHOOLMASTER, June, i87i-December, 1876: Establishedin Bloomington, June, 1868, as Schoolmaster; moved to Chicago,then became Chicago Schoolmaster; moved to Normal, June,1871. It was then edited and owned by Aaron Gove and E. C.Hewitt. In February, 1873, it was merged with Illinois Teacheras Illinois Schoolmaster and conducted by Gove and Hewittuntil October, 1874, when John W. Cook replaced Gove. JohnW. Cook alone was editor and publisher of the number for Novemberand that of December, 1876, with which the career ofthe Schoolmaster closed. The Illinois Schoolmaster is mentionedas one of the papers which were combined to form the EducationalWeekly of Chicago, December, 1876. File owned by W. L. Pillsbury,Urbana, Illinois.HUNORRIS CITY, JOHNSON COUNTYJOURNAL, 1874: A. J. Alden was editor and publisher. Printedat the office of the Vienna Journal.NOYESVILLE, COOK COUNTYEXTEMPORARY BULLETIN, i86i(?):Listed, without details, in Kenney'sAmerican Newspaper Directory for 1861.

OLNEY, RICHLAND COUNTY 265NUNDA (now NORTH CRYSTAL LAKE), McHENRY COUNTYHERALD, 1866 to date: Established by I. M. Mallory, who was soleeditor and proprietor until 1896, when he sold to Justin V.Beatty, the present publisher. Republican. When the nameof the town was changed in 1908 from Nunda to North CrystalLake the name of the paper was made Crystal Lake Herald.OAKLAND, COLES COUNTYHERALD, 1875 to date (1880): Established by J. W. Crane, afterwardowned by S. A. Reel and Company with Rev. J. P. Campbellas editor. In 1879 O. Dicks was editor; R. G. Forsythpublisher. L. M. Priest was editor and publisher in 1880. Republican,1877; Independent (Rowell), 1879; Greenback (Ayer),1881.LEDGER, September 6, 1879 to date Established :by J. S. Yeargin.L. T. Yeargin has been connected with the paper for more thanthirty years and is its present editor. Independent-Republican.ODELL, LIVINGSTON COUNTYINDEPENDENT, 1869-1870: J. H. Warner was editor and publisher.WEEKLY, 1873-1874: W. D. Wilson was editor and publisher.CENTENNIAL, 1876 : Published by the Livingston County PublishingCompany.HERALD, 1877 to date (1879) : In 1879 J.H. Warner was editorand publisher.ODIN, MARION COUNTYSOUTHERN ILLINOIS JOURNAL, November, 1869-1870: Mr. Wilsonwas editor and proprietor. The paper continued until late in1870.STAR, 1871-1872 :O'FALLON, ST.ADVANCE, 1874-1876:Dille and Ames were editors and publishers.CLAIR COUNTYOLNEY, RICHLAND COUNTYT. W. Eckert was editor and publisher.NEWS, 1849-1850: A paper established by Daniel Cox and AlfredKitchell ;edited and paid for by Kitchell, it is said, to promotehis election as a Whig to the office of state's attorney. He wasalready prosecuting attorney for the fourth circuit when thepaper was started.REPUBLICAN, i85o-i869( ?) + Established :by John M. Wilson, whoconducted it most of the time as a Democratic paper. JamesJ. Mayes was publisher in 1855. He sold in 1855 to a Mr.McClaharty, who made the paper Whig, ran it one year, and

266 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSdied. The paper was sold to James Wright, a Whig, who supportedFremont for president. By 1869 it was owned by Beckand Boyer and changed toFJOURNAL, +i869(?)-i876+ Conducted by James Beck and Eli:Boyer until 1872, when they sold to H. H. Lusk. Lusk soldabout 1874 to Israel A. Powell, who in 1876 changed the name to:NEWS, +1876+ Israel A. Powell conducted the paper for awhileand, according to some informants sold to W. F. Ratcliffe, whosoon sold to T. A. Fr'tchey. A copy dated February 23, 1876,is vol. i, no. i, edited and published by W. F. Ratcliffe. Inany event the name was changed back toURICHLAND COUNTY REPUBLICAN, +1876 to date :By T. A. Fritchey,who put the paper in a sound condition. In 1895 Dan W.Fritchey was editor; in 1907, Lozier D. Yount. The paper isstill issued twice a week. Republican.DOLLAR WEEKLY GAZETTE, 1855-1856+: Established by John J.Buntin, Milo N. Powers, and James Nabb, and conducted bythem until 1858, when they sold to William M. Beck. He changedthe name toTIMES, +1856-1861+: A Republican paper, edited by WilliamM. Beck and E. Kitchell, and published by William M. Beck,1856-1860. The number for November 19, 1858, had "AbramLincoln for President for 1860" at the head of the editorialcolumn. Beck died in 1860; his sons continued the paper for atime, then sold, in 1861, to a Mr. Hawkins. He sold to Miles B.Friend, who changed the name toHFLEDGER, +i86i-i862(?): Friend made the paper Democratic.Sold to R. F. Steger, who in turn sold to Felix C. Carroll. Carrollchanged the name toPRESS/ i862(?)-i873+ : According to Bryant Higgins, of Olney,Carroll continued the Press until 1873, when he sold to E. B.Barnard and Mr. Hanna, who changed the name back toTIMES, +1873 to date: In a short time Barnard became sole owner.He died in 1882 ;for a short time thereafter Robert B. Witcher1A history of Richland County gives the following items concerning the Press,and the variance between this and the account of Mr. Higgins, Mr. Higgins refusesto clear up. I am unable to get information from the editors, and no files areknown to exist. "Weekly Press, 1858-1864: Established and edited by JamesWright. Democratic. Sold in 1860 to R. F. Steigerand J. H. Graham (see NewtonPlaindealer) They sold to W. D. Mtimford (see Cumberland Democrat, Prairie.City), who added a part of the material of a confiscated office in Arkansas. In1864 the office was broken up by a mob of soldiers because of radical expressionsin the paper, and its publication was discontinued." F. W. S.

OQUAWKA, HENDERSON COUNTY 267conducted the paper, which then fell into the hands of W. F.Beck. Beck sold to Thomas Tippit, and he to D. P. Moore andH. C. Morris. They sold, since 1907, to Elbert Rowland.ONARGA, IROQUOIS COUNTY:MERCURY, 1859-1861 Its publishers were R. McKee, Davisand Backus.TIMES, December i,:1870-1871 Established by Louis M. Babcockand Jacob Keiser. Mr. Keiser withdrew in a short time. Mr.Charles Drumm bought an interest and became foreman, Mr.Babcock being editor. May 4, 1871, was the last issue beforethe removal of the Times to Watseka, where it was continued asthe Iroquois Times. Some years after the name was changedagain to the Iroquois County Times, and as such the paper wasstillbeing published in 1897.:ADVERTISER, i864(?)- 1865+ Published by Ed. Rumley. In 1865the Advertiser was changed to the Review. One date given forthe first issue isAugust, 1865.GRAND PRAIRIE REVIEW, +1865-1869: Originally the Advertiser.One date for the merging of the Advertiser into the Review isgiven as February, 1866. Rumley and Lowe were editors andpublishers. The office was moved to Moline, December, 1869.SEMINARY GAZETTE i867-i869(?): Edited by the faculty of GrandPrairie Seminary and published by Rumley and Lowe.FRUIT GROWER.:COURIER, 1870 Published from spring to fall of that year by JacobKeiser, who moved it in the fall to Winimac, Indiana.REVIEW, 1872 to date: Established by John B. Lowe in the winterof 1872, and stillpublished by him in 1880. By 1881 it wascalled Central Illinois Review, with J. D. Long as editor, 1882;E. W. Warren, 1884-1891 Palmer and; Gilbert, 1895. By 1895it was called Leader and Review. Republican. (Prints an editionunder the name Inquirer at Buckley, Iroquois county.)ONEIDA, KNOX COUNTYNEWS, November, i876-September, 1879: Edited and publishedthroughout its existence by A. W. Ladd. Completefiles ownedby Mr. Ladd, now publisher of the Weekly News, Albion,Nebraska.JOURNAL, (?)- (?): Appeared but a few times, when itwas merged with the Galesburg Register.OQUAWKA, HENDERSON COUNTYSPECTATOR, February 12, i848-January 22, 1908: The Spectator waspublished continuously by members of the Patterson family for

268 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSnearly sixty-one years. Founded by J. B. Patterson, it was continuedby him until Jamuary 31, 1849; then by J. B. and E. H.N. Patterson 1 until January 14, 1875; by J. B. Patterson untilFebruary 7, 1878; by J. B. and Harry N. Patterson (a grandson)until July 31, 1884; by Harry N. Patterson until January 4,1899; by Harry N. and F. A. Patterson (his wife) until January22, 1908, when the paper was discontinued. From October 16,1850, to April 18, 1856, the title was Oquawka Spectator andKeithsburg Observer. A weekly, non-partisan paper to 1863,when it became a Democratic organ. After 1891it was a Prohibitionpaper. Files 1848 to date are the property of Mr.Harry Patterson.FDPLAINDEALER, i852-i858(?): The editors and proprietors of thispaper were F. A. Dallam, 1852-1855; Horace Bigelow and Mr.Dallam, 1855-1856; James W. Reed and Mr. Bigelow, 1856-1857; J. K. Magie and David Mitchell, 1857- M. H.;Jamison; and Mr. Chamberlain, who moved it to Biggsville.From there it was taken by Judson Graves to Kirkwood, Warrencounty.MONTHLY NOVELLETTE, 1868 to date (1869) Published :by Biggsand Hevener.HENDERSON COUNTY JOURNAL, 1878 to date: Established byE. A. Hail, and published continuously by him to date.Republican.LEISURE MOMENTS, August, i87o-July, 1871 A small :four-pagemonthly published by E. B. Chickering, who seems to have hada job printing office and an unpublished story. The story andthe periodical ended with the eleventh instalment.OREGON, OGLE COUNTYOGLE COUNTY GAZETTE, -fjune n, 1851+: Removed from Mt.Morris and edited by R. C. Burchell, 1851, who, when a few1Writing of Edgar Allan Poe, Mr. Bliss Perry says," In the last year of his lifehe was invited by a Mr. E. H. N. Patterson to become the editor of a new magazine."Mr. Patterson "proposed to found under Poe's editorship, 'an influentialperiodical' at Oquawka, Illinois. 'Oquawka,' he admits, 'is comparativelyan unimportant point, but I think that such being the case would not injure atall the circulation of the magazine. . . . Here I can enjoy every mail advantagethat I could at St. Louis, being but thirty hours travel from that city, andbeing situated immediately upon the Mississippi, with daily connection with theNorthern Canal and St. Louis, and directly upon the great daily mail line fromthe East, through Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana.' " Park Street Papers, 10.A full account of the correspondence between Poe and Mr. Patterson was givensome years ago by Eugene Field in America, and has been published with facsimilereproductions of all the correspondence, by theCaxton Club: Some Lettersof Edgar Allan Poe to E. H. N. Patterson of Oquawka, Illinois, with Commentsby Eugene Field, Chicago, 1898.

ORION, HENRY COUNTY 269months later the Gazette was revived at Mt. Morris, changed thename of the paper toOGLE COUNTY REPORTER, +1851 to date: Edited by M. W. Smith,1853; E. H. Leggett, 1857-1861; John Sharp, 1861-1868;owned by M. W. Smith with J. Sharp as editor, 1868-1871;Charles L. Miller and E. L. Otis (Miller being editor), 1871;Mr. Miller and brother, James P. Miller, 1871; William H.Gardner, editor and proprietor, 1871-1872; Gardner and TimoleonOscar Johnston. 1872; Mr. Johnston editor and proprietor,1872 till after 1878; Frank Schatzell and others. The presenteditor and publisher is Frank O. Robinson. Republican. FNATIONAL GUARD, 1866-1873 + : Established by Samuel Wilson?most of the material furnished by a joint stock company ofDemocrats. In three months he associated with himself hisbrother, F. B. Wilson. S. and F. B. Wilson published the paperuntil 1867, when the junion partner retired and S. Wilson againbecame sole editor. In 1869 Ed. T. Richie became associatedwith Mr. Wilson. In three months Wilson retired and Richiebecame sole proprietor. In 1871 he sold to Mr. Wilson, whoagain assumed management. In 1873 Jacob J. Buser purchasedone half of the office and in a month or two the namewas changed toOGLE COUNTY GRANGE, +1873-1875+: Wilson and Jacob J.Buser, editors and publishers. In 1873 Buser purchased Wilson'sinterest and was sole proprietor until February, 1875, whenhe associated with himself G. L. Bennett. In May, 1875, Buserand Bennett disposed of their entire interest to Charles R. Hawes,who changed the name toCOURIER, +1875- (?): Edited and published by Charles R.Hawes. In three months it was transferred to G. L. Bennett.In 1876 Henry P. Lason became editor and publisher. S. D.Wilson was editor and publisher in 1880. Republican. Before1882 the paper had become the Independent, and was Independentin politics. In 1882 and 1884 W. E. Ray was editor andpublisher. In 1891 the paper was being issued as a Democraticorgan entitled Independent Democrat. Waggoner, Sherer, andJohnston were editors and publishers. By 1895 Sherer hadwithdrawn.RAPALEE'S JOKINELLO, 1877 Started :by Norman Rapalee. Monthly.Printed in the Courier office.ORION, HENRY COUNTYCHIEF, 1873 to date (1876) Edited and published in 1874 by B. W.:Seaton and Sons; in 1875 and 1876 by B. W. Seaton. Printedat the office of the Cambridge Prairie Chief.

270 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVIDETTE, June-October, 1877+: Established by A. H. Chaffee.It was bought in October, 1877, by Bolles and N. J. Ludi, whochanged the name toTIMES, + October, 1877-1887: Bolles sold to Ludi in 1878, whoconducted the paper until 1883, when the plant was removed.W. A. Bolles put in another plant and continued the name, number,and volume of the Times until 1887, when it was bought bya Prohibitionist company and called the Liberator. This continuedfor about a year. Bolles repurchased the plant and soldin March, 1907, to F. S. Fullerton, the present editor.OSWEGO, KENDALL COUNTYKENDALL COUNTY COURIER, 1856-- (?)+: Edited by H. S.Humphrey. Changed toKENDALL COUNTY FREE PRESS, H (?)-i864: Edited by A.R, Niblo. Moved to Vandalia.VIDETTE, ( ?) : Takento Aurora ( ?).BOLD HORNET, (?) : Takento Aurora (?).OTTAWA, LA SALLE COUNTYREPUBLICAN, 1836 for a few months: A Democratic campaignpaper, edited by J. V. A. Hoes.PILLINOIS FREE TRADER, 1840-1843+: A Democratic paper editedand published by George F. Weaver and John Hise. Changed toAFREE TRADER, +1843 to date: Published by John Hise and WilliamOsman, 1843-1845; William Osman Company, 1845-1847;William and Moses Osman, 1847-1853; George and JuliusAvery, 1853-1856; William Osman, 1856-1868; Mr. Osmanand Douglas Hapeman, 1868-1882; William Osman and Sons,1882 to 1891 William Osman and Son, 1891 to date. Issued;weekly to 1887, thenceforward daily and weekly. Democratic.Files in office. SEFPCONSTITUTIONALIST, 1844-1852+: Established by James Lowryand H. E. Gedney. Mr. Gedney, i85o-June, 1852. ThaddeusHampton bought the paper in June, 1852, and changedit to:REPUBLICAN, +1852-1890+ Edited and published by Mr. Hamptonand J. W. Kelley, weekly to 1887, thenceforward daily andweekly. June, 1852-1857; Hampton and Buffington, 1857-1859;Mr. Hampton 1859-1864; William Perkins, 1864-January, 1867 ;Joshua Pusey, January, i867-two months; Pusey and WilliamCullen, i86i-June, 1868; Franklin Corwin and George M.Radcliffe, June, 1868- January, 1870; Corwin and F. M. Sapp,January, i87o-a few months; Sapp and Radcliffe, 1870-1871;

PALATINE, COOK COUNTY 271Sapp and Cullen, January, iSyi-July, 1887; Mr. Sapp, July,i887-September, 1890. The Weekly Republican and the DailyTimes were consolidated at the latter date as the Republican-Times, 1890 to date. Mr. Sapp and Mr. E. A. Nattinger werepartners until January, 1900. At this time Mr. Nattinger'sinterest was sold to Charles E. Pettit and Fred A. Sapp, the firmname becoming Sapp, Pettit, and Sapp. "When the Kansas-Nebraska billbrought about the disruption of the Whig party in1854, the Republican, which had until that time been an organof the Whig party, was one of the first newspapers in the stateto follow the leadership of Abraham Lincoln, Richard Yates andothers in the organization of the Republican party." 1File from1852-1860 in the office of the Republican-Times, Ottawa. Mr.M. Hanifin, Ottawa, Illinois, has an unbound file. SUUNITED IRISHMAN, May 22, 1848-(?): Published by an associationof Irishmen, including Messrs. Ryan, Champlin, Fisher,Glover, and Hoes, with Maurice Murphy as the active agent.Devoted to the advocacy of "a repeal of that nefarious LegislativeUnion between England and Ireland, which has not enrichedEngland, but made Ireland poor indeed."FSTATESMAN, 1868 to date (1869): Edited and published by C. H.Hayes. Democratic. HCENTRAL ILLINOIS WOCHENBLATT, 1868 to date: J. J. Witte andC. W. Denhard were partners in conducting the paper from 1869to 1879. After Mr. Denhard's death in 1879 Mr. Witte wassole proprietor. German. Independent-Republican.COMMERCIAL MILLER, May, i873~May, 1874: Established andedited by Samuel S. Chisholm, published by the American MillerPublishing Company. After one year it was moved to Chicago,where it was continued under the same management. Monthly.HTIMES, 1877-1890: The Times began as a daily, and started aweekly edition in 1879. Edited and published by E. A. Nattinger.The Daily Times was consolidated with the Republican,September, 1890. (See Republican.) Republican in politics.PALATINE, COOK COUNTYHERALD, 1872-1876: Earlie Brothers and Company, were editorsand publishers, 1873; F. E. Holton and Company, 1874; Williamsand Holton, 1875; Frank E. Holton, 1876. Republican.ENTERPRISE, i784~i877(?) A : monthly advertising sheet. W. J.Smith editor and publisher, 1875; Enterprise Company, 1876.1Letter from F. A. Sapp.

272 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSENTERPRISE, 1878- (after 1891): Edited and published by W. G.Alden. In 1891 W. C. Williams was editor and publisher. Noreport in 1895. At first Republican, changed to Independent inPrinted an edition called Barrington Herald.politics.PALESTINE, RANDOLPH COUNTYILLINOIS CHRONICLE AND LITERARY GAZETTE, i83o(?): In theCrisis of Edwardsville for September 9, 1830, appeared a proposalfor publishing a paper so entitled, to be edited by E. S.Janney and published by Caddington, Beck, and Janney. "Itis intended to be emphatically a newspaper, containing correctand useful knowledge only neither crowded with the complaintsand disgusting squabbles of political demagogues, norfilled with the sickly productions of rhymsters, etc." There isno further trace of the publication.RURALIST, 1856-1857 Edited by Samuel R. :Jones, an expounderof the religious doctrine of the "Christians." Independent asto politics.BANNER, 1858-1859: A Democratic paper edited by G. W. Harper.YELLOW JACKET, 1859-1862: Started on the ruins of the defunctBanner by A. Malone and E. Logan the latter withdrawing in afew months.It was Republican in its sympathies.PANA, CHRISTIAN COUNTYWEEKLY HERALD, December 23, 1857-1867: Established by MilanS. Beckwith; Independent in politics when first issued, butchanged in 1858 to Democratic, and became a supporter ofDouglas. The Herald was discontinued with no. 41 of vol. 10.PLAINDEALER, 1859-1860: Edited by E. F. Chittenden. Movedto Shelbyville.CENTRAL ILLINOIS DEMOCRAT, 1860+ Established :January 7, byE. P. Sanders, proprietor and publisher, who had bought outthe office of the Taylorville Journal. J. B. Butler was editor,assisted from February 23, 1860, to June ist, by W. P. Phelon.into the hands of G. W.November 9, 1860, the office passedHarper and F. J. Beck, publishers and editors, who changed thename to theWEEKLY ENTERPRISE, + November 9, 1860+ :After one issue thepaper was bought November 24, 1860, by O. F. Morrison andM. M. de Levis, who changedits name to thePUBLIC, +1860-1862 : M. de Levis was editor. The paper was keptup by de Levis and Morrison until June i, 1862, when the officeand paper were moved to Clinton, Illinois. Independent inpolitics.H

PARIS, EDGAR COUNTY 273GAZETTE, July 27, 186.5-1891 Established by Richard Couch:and R. M. Carr, editors and proprietors. April 7, 1866, Carrpurchased the entire interest in the office and remained editorand publisher until December n, 1868, when R. W. Coon purchaseda half interest. Carr and Coon were partners until Coon'swithdrawal, February 10, 1871. Carr was editor and proprietorto 1880 or after. He was succeeded by J. C. Essick, who conductedthe paper until 1883, when Thomas Kelligar succeeded.In 1884 W. S. Childress was editor. Mrs. Elizabeth Weaverpurchased Childress 's interest in 1885 and conducted the paperuntil 1891, when it was discontinued. Republican in politics.CENTRAL ORIENT, 1866-1868: Established June 20, 1866, by J. F.Harner, publisher and C. S. Hilbourn, editor; firm name, J. F.Harner and Company. Democratic in politics. DiscontinuedMay, 1868.PALLADIUM, 1869 to date: Established late in 1869 by S. D. Rich,who was succeeded April 23, 1870, by P. A. and J. J. Farley.After several years P. A. Farley's retirement left J. J. Farleysole proprietor and editor. March 15, 1877, he sold the officeto A. W. Chabin. Except from June to September of thatyear, when Jacob Swallow was a partner, Mr. Chabin was soleproprietor and editor from the date of his purchase to March10, 1879. On that date the office reverted to Farley Brothers,who sold it immediatelv to Jacob Swallow. Mr. Swallow waseditor and owner until November i, 1906, when Jordan Brothersbought his interest. It is now conducted with W. B. Jordanas editor. Issued daily and weekly. Democratic in politics.CENTRAL HOMESTEAD, February to November, 1878: A monthlypublished by E. P. Sanders ; printed at the office of the Gazette.WEEKLY ARGUS, 1879 (?): Established by A. W. Chabin,March 15, 1879, upon his retirement from the Palladium. Thefirst five numbers were printed in Shelbyville and brought toPana for distribution. After this Colonel J. A. Hayward becamejoint owner with Mr. Chabin and the office was established inPana. The Argus was Democratic in politics until January i,1880, when Colonel Hay ward became sole proprietor and editor,and made the paper Republican. Its politics was not againchanged. Discontinued.POST-OFFICE - REGISTER, ( ?) ( ?) Published : by E. CReese, and printed at the office of the Gazette.EDGAR COUNTYPARIS,ILLINOIS STATESMAN, i836-( ?) Published for several years by Lovelaceand Delav. :H

274 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSILLINOIS STATESMAN, i84o-(?): A Democratic paper started forcampaign purposes.PRAIRIE BEACON, 1848-1864+: Founded by Jacob Harding;followedby S. L. Spink, and he by William Moore AEFWABASH VALLEY REPUBLICAN, June, 1853 to after 1854: A Democraticpaper founded by W. D. Latshaw and G. W. Cooper,who conducted it, 1853-1854; then by Messrs. Dill and Cooper,who sold to St. Clair Southerland. FVALLEY BLADE, 1853-1864+:and known asJoined to the Prairie Beacon in 1864APRAIRIE BEACON AND VALLEY BLADE, +1864 until after :1879+In 1869it was edited and published by Dr. H. W. Davis andWilliam Moore. In 1870 William and C. W. Moore wereeditors, and the first named was publisher. The name was laterchanged to Beacon, which is still published. McFarren Davis iseditor. Daily since 1888.DEMOCRATIC STANDARD, 1860-1865+: A Democratic paper establishedby McLaffy and Odell. Conducted for a time by J. F.Snow and Brother of Bloomington. It was bought ana namedWABASH VALLEY TIMES, +1865-- (?):By William D. Latshawand John G. Provine. It was afterward sold to H. B. Bishop.In 1869it was edited and published by Provine and Bishop.Democratic.EDGAR COUNTY GAZETTE, 1873-1874+: A Democratic paper establishedby James Shoaff. He died in 1874 and the paper wasrenamedPARIS GAZETTE, +1874 to date: Continued by T. B. Shoaff andL. A. G. Shoaff, sons of James Shoaff, until 1880. It is nowowned by J. D. and F. L. Shoaff. Democratic.REPUBLICAN, January, i877-i88i(?) Established by :J. M. Prior.In 1879 owned and edited by J. M. Sheets. Later joined withPrairie Beacon and Valley Blade as Republican Beacon. Discontinued.EDGAR COUNTY TIMES, 1874: Established by Philip Shutt, lateredited by Frank Shutt; then Jacquith and Garner in 18when it was semi-weekly. Democratic. Sold to Gazette.EDGAR COUNTY REPORTER, 1879: Monthly. Discontinued.PARK RIDGE, COOK COUNTYNORMAL HERALD, 1875-1876: S. W. Davis was editor and publisher.Educational. "The only weekly in America devotedto phonetics and short-hand writing."

PAWPAW, LEE COUNTYPAXTON, FORD COUNTY 275NEWS, 1874-1879: W. H. Haskell was editor and publisher in1875-1879. Printed at the office of the Amboy Journal. UHERALD, November 23, i877~(after 1895): Established by R. H.Ruggles of Mendota. Mr. Ruggles was proprietor andeditor. He was succeeded as editor by E. G. Cass and J. B.Gardner, in January, 1878. W. M. Geddes became editorin February, 1878, and bought the paper of Mr. Ruggles shortlyafter. He was still editor and proprietor in 1882. In 1884 Sanfordand Lane were editors and publishers; C. A. Morris in 1891and 1895. Republican. Discontinued.LEE COUNTY TIMES, March 21, 1878 to date: Established by E.G. Cass and J. B. Gardner. Mr. Gardner retired in August1878. In 1881 Mr. Cass was still sole editor. Upon the deathof Cass, M. L. Goodyear succeeded him and later was succeededby O. W. Briggs he ; by E. G. Davis and he by Ed. F. Guffin:in February, 1905. Republican.PAXTON, FORD COUNTYFORD COUNTY UNION, 1864-1865+: Established in 1864. Boughtin 1865 by N. E. Stevens, who changed the name toRECORD, +1865 to date: Established and still published and edited1by N. E. Stevens. A daily edition was established September,1897. Republican in politics. Files in the office. Record alsopublishes an edition known as Loda Times, for Loda, Iroquoiscounty C. E.; Healy, local editor.FORD COUNTY LIBERAL, August, 1872-1874 Established :by CharlesD. Sibley. Thomas Wolfe boughtit in November. Wolfe andDodd were editors and publishers in 1874. Burnea out in October,1874. Liberal and Greenback.FORD COUNTY BLADE, July-December, 1876: A Democraticpaper starttd by Creed and Doxsey.FORD COUNTY :NEWS, November, i877~January, 1878+ A Republicanpaper started by Holmes and Colvin.STANDARD, January, +1878-1879: Edited and published by Holmesand Colvin. Considered a continuation of the News, but wasGreenback in politics.APPEAL, November, 187910 date: A paper established with ThomasWolfe as editor and B. F. Hill publisher. J. C. Dunham boughtit in 1880 and changed the name in 1881 to Eastern Illinois Register.J.W. Dunnan became editor and publisher in 1900. Atfirst Greenback, Dunham made itIndependent-Democratic.1N E. Stevens has been active as a newspaper editor for fifty-seven years.Sit.ce the death of B. F. Shaw of the Dixon Telegraph, Mr. Stevens has thelongest record of service of all Illinois editors.

276 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSREAL ESTATE BULLETIN, 1870-1871:An advertising sheet issuedby Kinnear and Earl for nearly two years.PAYSON, ADAMS COUNTYCOUNTY NEWS, June, 1875-1895: Founded by William D. Perryto aid the county fair. Continued as a monthly newspaperand later (1881) called News and Central Recorder. Discontinuedin 1895.PECATONICA, WINNEBAGO COUNTYINDEPENDENT, May, 1859-1860: Edited by J. E. Duncan; continuedfor a little more than one year. Republican. Copiesin the News office.ENTERPRISE, i872-i88o(?): A trade paper edited by Farwell andPierce. Not mentioned in Ayer for 1881. Copies in the Newsoffice.NEWS, 1872 to date: Established by Colby Brothers. Now publishedby G. F. Colby. Republican.PEKIN, TAZEWELL COUNTYTAZEWELL TELEGRAPH, about 1837:Listed by Peck in his Gazeteerfor 1837.TAZEWELL REPORTER, 1840 (?): Established, edited andpublished by N. S. Trice. Whig. AILLINOIS PALLADIUM, July, 1842 (?): Edited byWillis G.Barbour; Published by T. J. Pickett. A Henry Clay organ. FMIRROR, 1848-1854+ Established by John S. Lawrence, who:sold after about two months to John Smith, in October, 1848.He sold to Bernard Bailey in 1850, and with Adam Hendersonin thebought it again in 1851. Smith sold to Merrill C. Youngfall of 1854; Young consolidated the Mirror and Revielle in theweekly Plaindealer. Whig. AU:REVEILLE, 1850-1854+ A Democratic paper started by JamesShoaff and E. S. Rogers. Sold to J. C. Thompson in 1851; toMerrill C. Young in the winter of 1853-1854.it with the Mirror to form theHe consolidatedPLAINDEALER, +1854-1856+: Published as an Independent paperby Young and Underwood until 1856, when it was bought byThomas J. Pickett and named STAZEWELL REGISTER, +1856-1873+: Thomas J. Pickett conductedit as an Independent paper with Republican tendencies, untilthe spring of 1858, when John McDonald boughtit and made

PEKIN, TAZEWELL COUNTY 277it Democratic. In 1869 William T. Meades was editor andpublisher. It was sold to W. T. Dowdall and J. D. Irwin, andbecame theTIMES, +1873 to date: Irwin soon became sole owner and in 1881established the Daily Times. In 1886 the papers became theproperty of A. W. Rodecker and F. Shurtleff, under the firmname of Times Publishing Company. They are now Democraticpapers under the editorship and ownership of Judge A. W.Rodecker.DER WACHTER AM ILLINOIS, 1852 Established :by L. Reitzenstine,and continued for six months., 1854: A German paper established by Koeber andLohman and sold to a Mr. Lugans. Lived but a short time.TAZEWELL COUNTY MIRROR, 1855-1860: A revival of the Mirrorconducted by Thomas J. Pickett until 1860, when John Smithbecame its owner, discontinued it, and began theTAZEWELL COUNTY REPUBLICAN, 1860-1886: John Smith conductedthe paper until 1862, when Hezekiah Naylor became theowner. He sold to W. W. Sellers, 1863-1872; after severalchanges it was bought by Mrs. Inez in 1886 and the DailyPost was established. J. B. Irwin was editor and manager atthis time. The paper became the Post-Tribune in 1900 by consolidationwith the Tribune, established in 1895 by MayronCorey.UPATRIOT, 1862. Established by Hezekiah Naylor ana O. White.Had a brief existence. Perhaps the date should be 1861. SeeVirginia, Cass County Independent.FREIE PRESSE, 1867-1868: An auxiliary to a paper in Peoria. Itwas started by Julius Myer Pefer later owned;by a Mr. Luntz.INDEPENDENT, 1870: Established by Theodore Falk; sold to HenryFuss. A German paper which had a brief existence.BULLETIN 1873-1876: Edited and published by William H. Bates.Became a daily in 1876.UHERALD, (?)-i875: Merged with the Republican in 1875 byD. W. Lusk.FREIE PRESSE, June, 1876 to date: The old Freie Presse was resurrectedby John W. Hoffman. After several changes in ownershipthe paper was bought in 1884 by A. Weiss, who still ownsit (1907).LEGAL TENDER, December, 1877-1879: Issued by B. S. Heathand Company in the interest of the "Greenback Labor" party.Frank M. Castle and James Vogan acquired the property in

278 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJuly, 1878; Vogan withdrew in December; James and HerbertWhitfield bought it in May, 1879. Later discontinued.PEORTA, PEORIA COUNTYILLINOIS CHAMPION AND PEORIA HERALD March 10 (22?), 1834-1836 A Whig : paper founded by Abraham S. Buxton and HenryWolford. In the first few numbers the paper made a bid forpopularity by advocating the removal of the state capital toPeoria. Before April, 1836,it was sold to J. S. Armstrong andJacob D. Shewalter, who changed the name toAILLINOIS CHAMPION AND PEORIA REPUBLICAN, +1836-1837+:Jerome L. Marsh was employed to edit and conduct the paper.In 1.837 it was sold to S. H. Davis, who changed the name toREGISTER AND NORTHWESTERN GAZETTEER, +1837-1842+: S. H.Davis was editor. Its were politics Whig. Davis sold in 1842to Samuel and W. Henry Butler, who reduced the nametoAPHE:REGISTER, +1842-1845+ In 1845 tne Butlers sold to Thomas J.Pickett who took H. K. W. Davis as a partner for an unknowntime, and changed the name toMonmouth FWEEKLY REGISTER, + 1845-1 848( ?)+: Three years later a Mr.Woodcock was a partner of Pickett, and the two issued theDAILY REGISTER, + June-August, 1848: It was the first dailypaper in Peoria.DEMOCRATIC PRESS, February, 20, 1840-1857: Edited by John S.Zieber, 1840-1846; Thomas Phillips, 1846-1849; WashingtonCockle, 1849-1851; Enoch P. Sloan, 1851-1856; Mr. Cornwellfor a short time and then George W. Raney until the establishmentwas destroyed by fire in 1858. From 1853 to 1854there were a weekly and a tri-weekly issue; from 1854 to 1856,a weekly and a daily issue.Monmouth PAFGERRYMANDER, March-fall, 1843: Edited by S. DeWitt Drown.A campaign paper ridiculing the work of the legislature of 1842-1843 in dividing the State in such a way as to make but one Whigcongressional district in seven.AMERICAN, July, 1845-1850: Established and published by JamesKirkpatrick. First paper in Illinois to put the name of " Roughand Ready" at the head of its columns.NINETEENTH CENTURY, September- (?), 1848: Establishedby J. R. Watson and D. D. Irons as a National Reform paper.After a few months sold to James Kirkpatrick, who mergedit with American.CHAMPION, 1849-1850: Issued daily by Pickett and Davis. Theburning of the office and press ended the life of the paper.

PEORIA, PEORIA COUNTY 279:REPUBLICAN, June i, 1850-1857 A Whig paper established byThomas J. Pickett. Editors in succession were: Baily andPickett; Pickett and Waite; Pickett and Samuel L. Coulter.Sold in 1856 to Samuel L. Coulter, and discontinued a year ortwo afterward. It was at first issued as a weekly, but beginningJanuary 17, 1853, it was issued daily and weekly.VOICE OF THE PEOPLE, March 4, 1851-(?): Established byDr. J. W. Hitchcock. FILLINOIS BANNER, February 18, 1852-1858, 1859+: The firstGerman paper in Peoria; established by J. Wolf and A. Zotz.Wolf withdrew after four months, and Zotz continued thepaper as a weekly, then a tri-weekly, and then a daily,until January 14, 1858, when he sold to Edward Rummel anda Mr. Kappis. Kappis withdrew after a year, and Rummelchanged the paper's name to Deutsche Zeitung. Democratic.The Banner was revived for a short time in 1859 by WilliamGeilhausen.SFDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, +1859-1878: The paper became Republicanunder Rummel, who conducted it alone until the close of the war,when Captain Fresenius bought an interest. In 1869 Rummelbecame secretary of state and sold his interest to Fresenius, whosold on January i, 1871, to Rudolph Eichenburger. He continuedit until November 9, 1878, when he sold to the Demokrat.UDAILY MORNING NEWS, May 26, 1852-1857+: Established byGeorge W. Raney in opposition to the Democratic Press, andfought Douglas. In 1858 Raney bought the equipment of thedefunct Press and, discontinuing the News, began the PFDEMOCRATIC UNION, +1857-1862: This paper, under GeorgeW. Raney, was the leading Democratic organ until September,1862, when upon Raney'sgoing to war, its publication ceased.PAFDaily.MEMENTO, August, 1854-1861, 1867-1870: A monthly publicationdevoted to literature and Odd- Fellowship. William Rounsevillewas editor and N. C. Nason publisher. It was discontinued in1 86 1, revived by Nason in April, 1867, and finally discontinuedin May, 1870.CTRANSCRIPT, December 17, 1855-1898+ : The first number of theweekly Transcript appeared January i, 1856. Edited at firstby William Rounseville and published by Rounseville andN. C. Nason. Soon it was transferred to Caleb Whittemore andSanford Moon. After a short time it was bought by James G.Merrill, who sold in the fall of 1859 to Nathan C. Geer. Rounsevillehad remained editor up to this time, and had supported

2 8o ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDemocracy. Geer assumed editorship and changed the politicsof the paper to Republican. He sold in 1860 to Enoch Emeryand A. Andrews. In 1865 Emery bought out Andrews and wassole owner until 1869, when it was transferred to the Peoria TranscriptCompany. Emery was editor from 1860 until the end of1880, and made the Transcript one of the most influential politicalpapers of the state. Through 1880 the paper was conductedby Emery and R. H. Whiting; Whiting was succeeded at theclose of the year by Alexander Stone, who remained manageruntil 1892. In that period the paper was edited successively byWelker Given, William Hoyne, E. P. Brooks, William S. Brackettand R. M. Hanna. In March, 1893, a new Transcript companywas organized;I. N. Garver was made manager, and ThomasR. Weddell editor. In 1898 the paper was merged in the Herald(established 1889), which has since that time been called HeraldTranscript. Daily. Files (daily), i857-December, 1898 (weekly),February, i858-December, 1892, in the Peoria Public Library.EPAVFILLINOIS TEACHER, 1856-1873+: A monthly established asthe organ of the Illinois Teachers' Association, with CharlesE. Hovey as editor and N. C. Nason as publisher. NewtonBateman was editor in 1858. At the close of that year the publicationbecame independent of the association. It was publishedby Hill and Nason until 1860, and by Nason alone until 1873,when the publication was sold to the Schoolmaster, Normal, anda new name, Illinois Schoolmaster, resulted.SCHUCHRISTIAN SENTINEL, 1856-1858: A monthly magazine devoted tothe interests of the "Christian" Church; issued by O. A. Burgess,J. N. Carman, and John Lindsey. It was in its third volumewhen firstpublished in Peoria, and was continued inEureka after 1858.FILLMORE UNION, September 8-November, 1856: A campaignpaper edited by a committee.FDEMOKRAT, August 18, 1860 to date: Established and edited byAlois Zotz, 1860-1864 5Bernard Cremer, and Christian Pohlmannfor a short time, then Bernard Cremer alone, October 24, 1864,to date. Published by B. Cremer and Brothers since January,1874. Files at the office. German daily.PMORNING MAIL, Established :by George W. Raney.Files in the Peoria Public Library, January, 1863-June, 1864.This paper was succeeded byPSTAR, andPOST, both short-lived adventures of George W. Raney, the exactdates of which are not known.

PEORIA, PEORIA COUNTY 281NATIONAL DEMOCRAT, September, 1865-1 886(?) Daily and :weekly.W. T. Dowdall, editor and publisher. PHUTEMPERANCE MAGAZINE, July, 1867-- (?): Edited and publishedby Boyle and Franks. Monthly. S:ADVERTISER, March, 1871-1878+ An advertising sheet publishedby Elderkin and Bissell and distributed gratuitously. In 1873Elderkin and Chapman; in October, 1873, Chapman was succeededby Harry Reynolds, the paper was enlarged and a subscriptionprice charged. Reynolds retired in 1875. In 1878the name was changed toSUN, + October, i878-after 1880:In January, 1880, R. E. Laurerentered the firm and the Sun Publishing Company was organized.EVENING REVIEW, i873-i884(?): Established by Sheldon andBaldwin. Bought by Thomas Cratty, who associated with himLeslie Robinson. In January, 1873, Dowdall of the Democratand Enoch Emery of the Transcript bought the paper. But thestaff changed printing offices and with Robert J. Burdette aseditor, continued the paper until June, when Dowdall bought itagain and continued it. Afterward discontinued. PWESTERN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL, i874-i876(?) Edited and publishedby L. O. Wilson and Mr. Morris. Monthly, : UESATURDAY EVENING CALL, April, i877-i886(?): Established by R.Henderson and Company (S. R. Henderson, J. D. Weaver, J.W. Clifton), editors and publishers in 1879. A "family" paper.Discontinued.EVENING JOURNAL, December i, 1877 to date: Established byE. F. Baldwin and Jacob B. Barnes. Edited by E. F. Baldwinuntil 1885. It then became the property of a stock companycomposed of Baldwin, Barnes, M. N. Snider and Charles Powell ;after a short time after some changes Barnes became chief owner,and was editor until about 1890. In 1900 the paper was boughtby James P. Dawson, and Charles Carroll became editor. In1905 Henry M. Pindell was owner and Robert P. Hanna editor.Independent Democratic.CPHARMACEUTICAL NEWS, July, 1878-- (?) : Established by J. T.Skinner, who was succeeded by Dr. H. Steele.SONNTAGS-ZEITUNG, i878-i88o(?): Edited in 1879 by AdolphZwanzig. Evidently short-lived, as it was not mentioned inAyer in 1881.SONNE, April 17, 1879 to date: Established by L. P. Wolf, WilliamJ. Brus, and Joseph Wolfram. The Sunday edition, begun in

282 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS1880, is called Sonntags-Glocke. In 1886 L. P. Wolf becameeditor and publisher, and has so continued. German daily andweeklyILLINOIS TRADESMAN AND MANUFACTURER, 1879-1881 : Conductedby John A. Monger.PEOTONE, WILL COUNTYEAGLE, 1877-1888: An advertising sheet mentioned in Ayerfor 1881.Established by James Barnhart. Files in possession of Mr.Barnhart.PERRY, PIKE COUNTYPARAGRAPH, i878-i88o(?):Short-lived.PERU, LA SALLE COUNTYH. C. Cobb was editor and publisher.NINAWA GAZETTE, May 16, 1840-1841 Established :by Allen N.Ford and edited by G. W. Holley. A Harrison paper. Movedto Lacon.ABEACON LIGHT, afterwards the Junction Beacon, 1846-1848: Establishedby Nash and Elliott, published by Mead, Higgins andBoyle and later by T. W. Mead.FTELEGRAPH, 1848-1853+: Published by Holbrook and Underbill.Freesoil. In 1853it was sold to J. F. and N. Linton and thename changed toFCHRONICLE, + 1853-1856: For ten months of the life of the Chronicle,Messrs. Linton published a daily. OttawaDEMOCRAT, i85o-(?)::RATTLESNAKE, 1855+ FoundedEdited by Thomas W. Welch.by Guy Hulett. Changed toLA SALLE COUNTY SENTINEL, + i855~after 1858: A Democraticpaper published by J. L. McCormick and Guy Hulett; afterwardby J. F. Meginness. Faithfully supported Douglas. FCOMMERCIAL AND VOLKSFREUND (German), i858-(?)::HERALD, 1858-1884+ Published by H. S. Beebe, 1858-1860. F.M. Sapp purchasedit in 1860, in 1861 the materials of the defunctGerman paper, and in 1863 the materials of the collapsed Chronicle.Mr. Sapp was sole editor, 1863-1870; Gallagher and Williams,1870-1876; W. B. Tapley, editor, Spencer Ellsworth,publisher, 1876-1884.:NEWS, 1879-1884+ Established as a semi- weekly by H. S. Corwin.In 1884 he bought the Herald and combined the two as TwinCity News-Herald. A daily edition was started in 1886 called

PINCKNEYVILLE, PERRY COUNTY 283News-Herald, and the Twin City News-Herald was made aweekly. W. B. Tapley was editor of the combined papers. In1891 H. S. Corwin was editor.PETERSBURG, MENARD COUNTYEXPRESS, 1854-1855+ Edited by S. B. Bugger. Changed to:MENARD INDEX, +1855-1863: Edited by H. L. Clay, 1855-1858;Hamilton and Brooks, 1858-1863. At first neutral as to politics,then friendly to Douglas, but finally became Republican, whichgreatly enraged the citizens.SAFFILLMORE BUGLE, 1856 A :campaign paper edited by William Glenn.MENARD COUNTY Axis, 1859-1867+: Democratic in politics;edited by C. Clay, 1859-1867. He sold it to a joint stock companyand its name was changed toDEMOCRAT, +1867- to date: Edited by M. B. Friend, 1867-1871;E. T. McElwain, 1871-1877; A. E. Mick (with S. S. Knoles asassociate editor, 1878), 1877-- (?). In 1907 Wilkinson andOustott were editors and publishers.MENARD REPUBLICAN, i868-i874( ?):J. T. McNeely was editor andpublisher; Bennett and Zane, 1872; W. S. Bennett, 1873;Bennett and Bryant, 1874. It had evidently suspended by 1875,as it was not mentioned in Rowell of that date.MENARD COUNTY TIMES, i873-i877(?): Established by JohnFrank. In 1876 Frank and Parks became editors and publishers ;Francis M. Taylor was editor and proprietor in 1877. SOBSERVER, 1876 to date: Established by Cain and Parks, editorsand publishers; A. N. Curry, 1882; W. R. Parks, 1884 + . Independent;Greenback in 1880. In 1905it was classified asRepublican, with L. F. Watson as editor.REPUBLICAN, i879~(after 1880): Martin and Davis were editorsand publishers in 1880.PHILO, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYHERALD, (?): Listed in Rowell for 1869 as edited and publishedby Harper and Lane. This is one of John S. Harper's numerousephemeral publications. It is not remembered by any oldinhabitants of the village. Printed at the office of the HomerJournal.PINCKNEYVILLE, PERRY COUNTYPERRY COUNTY TIMES, i856-(?): Edited by William Ewing.PERRY COUNTY BANNER, 1869-1871: Edited and published byJohn A. Wall and D. B. Van Syckel. Independent. In 1870Van Syckel's interest was purchased by E. H. Lemon, Esquire.

284 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLemon made itRepublican. In 1871 W. K. Murphy and JohnBoyd were editors. In four months it was sold to Messrs. Kimballand Taylor who removed the office to DuQuoin. (See Du-Quoin Republican.}INDEPENDENT, 1875-1878+ John A. Wall was editor and proprietor.In 1878 the office passed into the hands of C. E. H.:Willoughby, who changed the name toUPERRY COUNTY DEMOCRAT, + 1878 to date It :passed from C. E. H.Willoughby to J. J. Sargeant and Thomas K. Willoughby. In1880 Sargeant bought out Willoughby's interest. In 1881 publicationwas suspended. In a month the office was purchasedby W. A. Penny. J. J. Penny, a brother, became a partner, andtook editorial charge. It was sold to Roy Alden in 1892, and toOrah E. Meyer in 1903. In 1906 Joseph E. Brey was editor, andon March i, 1907, T. L. Baxter became publisher. He continuesso at the present time. Perry County seems to have beendropped from the title at some time after 1881.PERRY COUNTY SIGNAL, 1878-1880: Established by John A. Walland L. D. Murphy. In 1879 Wall withdrew, and after a shorttime the paper was suspended. Republican.PIPER CITY, FORD COUNTYADVERTISER, 1876 to date: A Republican paper edited and publishedby Henry Allnut.PITTSFIELD, PIKE COUNTYSUCKER AND FARMERS' RECORD, June i, 1842-1846: Edited by M.J. Noyes and I. B. Price. Whig. Issued weekly. SucceededbyAPIKE COUNTY FREE PRESS, April 13,:1846-1858+ Edited firstby Z. N. Garbutt, then by Z. N. Garbutt and M. H. Abbott;later by John G. Nicolay and Mr. Parks; afterward by Mr.Nicolay alone; in 1857 by J. W. and F. M. Cunningham. Whig;under Garbutt was against all secret societies; under John G.Nicolay it was one of the papers to endorse the call to anti-Nebraska editors that brought about the organizing of theRepublican party in Illinois. It was issued at Pittsfield andGriggsville. Became the UAFPIKE COUNTY JOURNAL, 1858-1863+: Edited by D. B. Bush, Jr.Mr. Bush sold to Robert McKee. In 1863 Messrs. McKee andWilliam A. Grimshaw named itOLD FLAG, +1863 to date: Edited by Robert H. Creswell, publishedby James Creswell, 1871-1873; James Gallagher waseditor, Creswell and Gallagher, publishers, 1874-1879. James

PLANO, KENDALL COUNTY 285Gallagher and Son were publishers in 1882; Turner Brothers,1884-1891. Name changed to Pike County Republican in 1894.Burr H. Swan is editor and publisher at present. Republican.PIKE COUNTY SENTINEL, 1845-1849+ Edited :by T. J. Trumbull,supported by G. W. Smith. Democratic. In 1849 John S.Roberts purchased it and changedit toPIKE COUNTY UNION, +1849-1857+: Roberts was editor, 1849-1851 M. H.; Abbott, 1851-1857. A file in the Library of Congress,May 2, i855-June 9, 1856, shows that the Pike CountyUnion was printed at Griggsville during that period and datedfor Griggsville and Pittsfield. Abbott changedit to APIKE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1857 to date: Edited by Brown andFrazier; Frazier and McGinnis; Robert F. Frazier. In 1865it became the property of J. M. Bush, whose sons, W. C. Bushand J. M. Bush, became owners, editors and publishers inJanuary, 1904. The senior J. M. Bush is a brother of D. B.Bush of the Journal. Democratic. Files in the office. EPLAINFIELD, WILL COUNTYWATCH TOWER, 1875: A "family newspaper" edited and publishedby Mary A. Tounshendeau. It was discontinued when the Echowas established.Files owned by G. W. Flagg, Plainfield.ECHO, 1876-1877: Established as a "family newspaper" by H. A.Tounshendeau. In was absorbed in 1877 by the Joliet confederationof Phoenixes. In its place Tounshendeau establishedAPEX, 1877: H. A. Tounshendeau was editor. Independent.PHOENIX, 1877: J. H. Ferriss was editor; McDonald, Ferrissand Company publishers. Devoted to farmers' interests.PLANO, KENDALL COUNTYTRUE LATTER DAY SAINTS' HERALD, i86o-(after 1881) An :organof the Latter Day Saints. It was edited in 1869 by JosephSmith and Henry A. Stebbins, and published by the Board ofPublication of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of LatterDay Saints. Semi-monthly. SMIRROR, i864~(after 1884): A Republican paper edited in 1869,and in 1879, by John R. Marshall; E. J. Bennett, 1882; E. I.Bennett, editor, J. R. Marshall, proprietor, 1884. Printed atthe office of the Yorkville Kendall County Record.ZION'S HOPE, i869~(after 1881) Another organ of the Latter Day:Saints, with the same editors and publishers, in 1869, as of Saints'Herald. Semi-monthly.NEWS, 1872 to date Established :by R. M. and Collie D. M. Springer,editors and publishers. J. M. Marley, editor, 1880; Marley

286 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSand Cook, 1882; F. E. Marley, 1884. By 1881 the name hadbeen changed to Kendall County News. Edited and publishedin 1907 by George S. Faxon.PLYMOUTH, HANCOCK COUNTYLOCOMOTIVE, 1857-1858: Published by a company and at firstedited by Thomas Gregg. A. W. Hahn was editor in 1858. FDOLLAR :MONTHLY, May, 1873-January, 1876+ ConductedThomas Gregg. Changed tobyRURAL MESSENGER, + January, i876-April, 1877: Edited andpublished by Thomas Gregg. A sixteen page paper "devotedto literary and rural affairs."ADVOCATE, January, i877~April, 1879: Conducted by E. A. Halluntil August, 1878, when he sold to W. A. Post and Jesse W.Bell, Jr. Post as editor, was succeeded by W. S. Hendricks.PHONOGRAPH, June, i879~(after 1882) Begun as a Democratic:paper by Charles N. Bassett. Changed to a neutral.POLO, OGLE COUNTYSENTINEL, October-December, 1856: A Democratic paper startedby F. O. Austin and continued for about three months. Nocopy known to be in existence.CHAMPION OF FREEDOM, January, 1857 Established by John Mar-:cellus Perkins. Only a few numbers were issued. J.W. Clintonowns copies of one or two. The paper was probably printedat the office of the Sentinel or the Transcript.TRANSCRIPT, June, i857-April, 1858: Edited by Charles Meigs,Jr., for a joint stock company composed of Zenas Aplington,W. W. Burns, L. W. Warren, Lemuel Newton Barber, and S.C. Treat. In May, 1858, the material was purchased byHenry R. Boss, proprietor of the Advertiser.FOGLE COUNTY BANNER, April 14, 1858-1860: A Democratic paperissued by R. P. Redfield for a joint stock company. In 1859Mr. Redfield purchased the office, enlarged the paper and passedit over to J. M. Williams, who passedit to George D. Reed.Redfield, Williams, J. H. More, and George D. Reed wereeditors for short periods. J. W. Clinton of Polo has a fewcopies.ADVERTISER, May 6,:1858-1863+ Established by Henry R. Boss,using the material of the Transcript. Boss sold in December,1860, to Morton D. Swift. He and J. D. Dopf mergedin thispaper the Mt. Morris Press. Dopf withdrew in March, 1861and Swift enlisted in April, whereupon the paper passed to J.D. Campbell and James W. Carpenter, lawyers, who issued the

PONTIAC, LIVINGSTON COUNTY 287paper when they could get printers. Carpenter died in 1862.Swift returned in 1863, and he and Campbell changed the nametoPOLO PRESS, + March, 1863-1866+: Campbell and Swift conductedthe paper until February, 1865, when Daniel Scott andM. V. Satzman boughtit. Scott soon gave way to Swift.August i, 1865, John W. Clinton bought the paper, and in 1866changed the name toOGLE COUNTY PRESS, +1866-1901: J. W. Clinton was editorpublisher and owner until July i, 1901, when he sold to A. T.Cowan, who changed the name to Tri-County Press and has continuedits publication. Mr. Clinton has files of the Advertiserand the Press.FREE DEMOCRAT, 1860: Edited by a Mr. Johnson through the campaign.THE CHURCH, 1868-1870: Edited by Dr. J. C. Allahan. Devotedto the fighting of church organizations. It was published "asoften as God furnished the means," but it was not published veryoften.ADVERTISER, 1869-1870: An advertising sheet issued by J. W.Clinton.POULTRY ARGUS, 1874-1877: Established by Drs. C. H. Kenegyand M. L. Wolff; Dr. Wolff retired in five months. In sixmonths Dr. Kenegy sold out to D. D. L. Miller and J. W. Clinton,who continued publication under the firm name of Millerand Clinton until 1876, when J. W. Clinton became publisher,D. L. Miller stillacting as editor. It was first printed in Freeport,but later in the office of the Ogle County Press, until 1877,when it was sold and removed from the state.CHRISTIAN RADICAL, 1875-1882: A semi-monthly publication ofthe United Brethren in Christ; organ of the Rock River Conference.Continued six and one-half years. Rev. Parker Hurlesswas editor. UADVERTISER, 1877: Mentioned in Rowell for 1879 with George W.McAtee as editor and publisher.PONTIAC, LIVINGSTON COUNTYLIVINGSTON COUNTY NEWS, 1855-1 857(?) :Edited by J. S. France;Mr. France passed its publication to Philip Cook and M. A.Renoe ;Cook soon sold to Mr. Jones ;Renoe and Jones soonsold to Mr. Albee and shortly its publication ceased. Earlycopies are in the possession of Jacob Streamer, Pontiac. Itwas Republican in politics.F

288 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSENTINEL, 1857 to date: Edited by Cook and Gagan, 1857-1863.They sold it to M. E. Collins, he to Stout and Decker, theyto W. F. Denslow, he to James Stout. It was destroyed by firein 1866. In 1869 Mr. Stout sold to Jones and Renoe, whowere publishing the Free Press. They consolidated the papersunder the name of Sentinel and Press. H. C. Jones was proprietor,1873-1875, and he changed the name back to Sentinel.F. L. Alles edited it, 1875-1884; Lowry and Clark, 1884-1895;H. J. Clark, 1895-1897. C. C. Strawn was editor in 1907.Republican.UEFFREE PRESS, 1867 (?): A Republican paper edited in 1869 byH. C. Jones and A. W. Kellogg, and published by Jones andRenoe. Not mentioned in 1879.LIVINGSTON COUNTY DEMOCRAT, i868-i87i(?): A Democraticpaper edited in 1869 by Wittan and Organ; by T. H. Organ,1870-1871.FREE TRADER, 1870-1907: A Greenback paper edited by E. M-Johnson and published by Johnson and staff in 1879. At sometime between 1882 and 1884 it became Free Trader and Observer.In 1907it was edited and published by Johnson and Renoe. Inthe same yearit was sold to C. R. Bruer and discontinued.FORD'S LIVINGSTON COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1878 (?): Editedand published in 1879 by J. G. Ford. It seems to have disappearedbefore 1881.HERALD, 1870: A short-lived Republican paper issued by J. H.Hewitt.PORT BYRON, ROCK ISLAND COUNTYTIMES, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenney's AmericanNewspaper Directory for 1861.WEEKLY, 1877: Published by H. L. Barter. Independent.PRAIRIE CITY, McDONOUGH COUNTYCHRONICLE, 1857-1858: Edited and published by R. W. Seaton. FPRAIRIE CHIEF, i858-few weeks: Edited ly R. W. Seaton, whopublished it in the interest of the Good Templars.GAZETTE, 1869 (?): Established by Cheesebro and Harshberger.Monthly.HERALD, 1869 to date Established :by Charles W. Taylor and editedand published by him to 1881. This is practically the sameHerald which is published in Prairie City at present under thatname. It was called the Bugle for two years, 1881 to 1883, andthen changed back to Herald. Files, 1869 to 1879, and 1883 to1908 are in the possession of L. M. Hamilton.

PRINCETON, BUREAU COUNTY 289PRINCETON, BUREAU COUNTYBUREAU ADVOCATE, 1847-1851+: Published by Ebenezer Higginsuntil 1848. The editorial page was divided into three departmentstwo columns each and was Whig, Democrat, andLiberty in the respective departments. The firstdepartmentwas called "Whig Advocate," and was edited by a "Whig Committee";the second was "Democratic Advocate," and wasedited by a "Democratic Committee," and the third was "LibertyAdvocate," and was edited by a "Liberty Committee." In1847 the Advocate quoted an editorial from the New York Post"furiously lashing" protection and banks. John H. Bryantwas a brother of William Cullen Bryant of the Post. In August,1848, it became a Free Soil organ. In the same year B. F. Hammondand T. W. Welsh bought out Mr. Higgins, and John H.Bryant became editor. It soon changed to the hands of Bryantand Dean. In 1851 the name was changed to the FPOST, +1851 (?)+ Firm name was Coates, Kinney, andB. Clark Lundy. Editors: Hooper Warren for a short timein 1851 ; Justin H. Olds, 1851-1854; Charles Faxon, 1854-1858.Republican. For a time, after 1854, the name was changed to FPRINCETONIAN, H (?)-i858+: It was renamed in 1858BUREAU COUNTY REPUBLICAN, +1858 to date: Published by Rhueand Hewitt and later by Bryant and Hewitt to 1861, duringwhich time it was edited by John H. Bryant. Mr. Bryant hadsole charge, 1861-1863; Jonn W. Bailey, 1863-1872; Mr.Bailey and L. J. Colton, 1872-1874; Mr. Bailey and CharlesP. Bascom, 1874 to 1886; J. W. Bailey and son, H. U. Bailey,1886-1903; H. U= Bailey, 1903 to date. Bryant was a brotherof William Cullen Bryant of the New York Evening Post, andshared his distinguished brother's views against slavery and aprotective tariff. There is a complete file of the Republicanwith the present publishers.FBUREAU COUNTY HERALD, 1848: Established by Philip Payne as aDemocratic organ. Short-lived.YEOMAN OF THE PRAIRIE LAND, i85i-(?): Conducted by Dr. S.Allen Paddock.BUREAU COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1856-1863+ Edited :by C. N. Pine,1856-1858; Eckles and Kyles, with Eckles as editor, 1858;Eckles and Gibbons, 1858; W. H. Messenkop (with a short intermissionin which C. J. Peckham controlled it), 1858-1863.Changed toBUREAU COUNTY PATRIOT, +1863-1871+: A Demo cr

agoILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBUREAU COUNTY HERALD, +1871-1876: Run by C. N. Whitney.Sold at sheriff's sale, 1876.BUREAU COUNTY TRIBUNE, 1872 to date: Established by W. H.Messenkop, who publishedit in support of Horace Greeley, untilDecember, when he sold it to Smith and Winship. In July,1873, Mr. Winship sold to E. K. Mercer, and Smith and Mercerpublished the paper until October. 1875, when Smith sold hisinterest to E. F. Doran; he sold in 1876 to C. L. Smith. Mercerand Smith edited and published the Tribune until 1881, whenSmith retired. The paperis still conducted by E. K. Mercer.Bound files to 1881 in Bureau county Court House; since 1881in the office.REPERTORY, 1874-1876:Monthly.PRINCEVILLE, PEORIA COUNTYW. G. Reeve was editor and publisher.CITIZEN, 1868: Established by G. T. Gillman, and continued sixmonths. According to Rowell for 1869, J. W.. Wolfe and H.Casson, Jr., were editors and publishers in 1869, when the paperwas printed at the office of the Chillicothe Citizen.TIMES, July-December, 1874: Established by C. A. Pratt and continuedfour months.INDEPENDENT, March 10, 1877 to date: Of this paper and its successor,Telephone, the editorial genealogy is: J. E. Knapp,March-September, 1877; I. E. Corbett, then Corbett and H.E. Charles, October, 1877-1878; Corbett and P. C. Hull, October1878-1879; J. E. Charles, publisher, P. C. Hull editor, October,1879-- (?); J. S. Barnum, B. J. Beardsley, Beardsley Brothers,Addison A. Dart, Harry D. Fast, and K. C. Andrews, AddisonA. Dart.PROPHETSTOWN, WHITESIDE COUNTYSPIKE, 1871-- (?): A. D. Hill was editor and publisher, 1871-1873 ;A. D. Hill editor, Hill and Wilson publishers, 1874; A. D. Hill,1875-1877; C. G. Glenn, 1880-1882; A. D. Hill, 1884; Mrs.S. M. Green, editor, H. P. and S. M. Green publishers, 1891;A. B. Case editor, Case and Ellison publishers, 1895. Republican,then neutral, then Republican.QUINCY, ADAMS COUNTYILLINOIS BOUNTY LAND REGISTER, April 17, 1835-1839+ : Establishedby C. M. Woods and Company. Afterward edited byRichard M. Young. Changed to AHEdited by John H. Pettit. Changed to AARGUS, +1839-1841+:

QUINCY, ADAMS COUNTY 291HERALD, +1841 to date: In 1851 P. Cleveland and Companywere proprietors. Brooks and Cadogan were publishers in1862; J. W. Singleton and Austin Brooks in 1863. AustinBrooks was editor in 1869, and P. J. Cadogan. publisher. Cadoganand Gardner were publishers, 1875-1880. Daily and triweeklyeditions since 1849. Democratic in politics. Volume4 was called Herald: Adams, Brown and Schuyler CountyAdvertiser. As late as 1850 the name was Herald and Argus.SAPHUFWHIG, May 5, 1838 to date: It was established with N. Bushnelland A. Johnston as editors and H. V. Sullivan as publisher.From August 18, 1838, to 1852, S. M. Bartlett was editor withMr. Sullivan still publisher. It was edited by John F. Morton,1852-- and conducted under the firm name of Morton and,Sullivan, 1852-1854; Morton and Young, 1854-1855; Morton,Ralston, and Company, 1855-1857. In 1858 the Quincy Republicanwas merged in the Whig, and the title became, and remainedfor several years, Whig Republican; the paper was then run byMr. Morton and F. A. Dallam, the former proprietor of theRepublican. In the fall of 1859 Mr. Morton became sole proprietor,and in the spring of 1860 he sold to James J. Langdon,who was connected with it until 1868, when itpassed into thehands of Bailhache and Phillips with Paul Selby as editor, 1868-1869; John Tillson, 1869-1871. In 1871 Mr. Selby becameeditor again. Several changes occurred after this as to proprietorsand editors until 1878, when C. A. and D. F. Wilcoxbecame owners and publishers. In 1879 the firm name wasDaniel Wilcox and Sons. From October 23, 1845, to April 16.1846, the paper was issued tri- weekly. The first number of thedaily appeared March 22, 1852, since which date there have beena daily and a weekly issue. It was a Whig organ until 1856, whenit took an active part in forming, and became a representativeof the Republican organization. There is a completefile in theWhig APDSEFoffice.OLD STATESMAN, July 4-November, 1840: A Harrison campaignpaper.A~~:BEOBACHTER, i845(?)- Moved to Quincy from Bellevilleby Bartholomew Hauck. It was succeeded bySTERN DBS WESTENS, April 10, i846-December, 1848: Conductedby Bartholomew Hauck, who returned to Belleville in 1848 toestablish the Zeitung.DAILY MORNING COURIER, September 12, 1845 (?): "In noway connected with politics." R. B. Wallace and George F.Wiehr were editors and proprietors. H

292 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTRIBUNE AND FREE SOIL BANNER, September 13, 1848--- (?):A campaign paper advocating "free soil, free speech, free labor,and free men"; disclaiming affiliation with Whigs, Democrats,or Abolitionists, and supporting Van Buren and Charles FrancisAdams. It was edited by an association consisting of SamuelWillard, Thomas Pope, Timothy Rogers, Allen Comstock, LuciusKingman, and Charles B. Lawrence, and issued from the officeof C. M. Woods.WOCHENBLATT, January, 1850-1853+: Owned and edited byGeorge Linz. German. Democratic. Changed toILLINOIS COURIER, +1853-1861: Conducted by George Linz untilhe entered the army at the beginning of the war. German,with Whig symydthies.DAILY JOURNAL, i85i(?)- (?): A Democratic paper that wasbeing published in 1851 by P. Cleveland and Company of theHerald.TRIBUNE, 1852-1874+: Gustav Adolph Rosier was editor, 1852-1855; Edward C. Winter ana William H. Pieper, 1855-1857.Pieper withdrew in 1857, and in 1858 Ernst Schierenbergacquired an interest and became editor. For a year afterRosler's death in 1855, the paper was known as the QuincyJournal, but was again changed back to Tribune. In 1861 KarlRotteck bought the paper and, continuing the weekly as Tribune,changed the daily to Union. In 1865 Rotteck sold to KarlPetri, who in turn sold, December, 1866, to T. M. Rogers. In1869, under Mr. Rogers as publisher, Tribune was a daily, issuinga weekly edition under the name of Rural Weal and WeeklyJournal. In 1870, Louis Korth was editor. Rogers sold inthe spring of 1874 to C. H. Henrici. In November, 1874, theTribune, was consolidated with Westliche Pres.se to form Germania.German daily and weekly published by a stock companywhich was organized in 1852, to publish a Whig paper.It became Republican in 1856.Funder Edward C.JOURNAL, 1855- (?) For one or two : years,Winter and William H. Pieper the Tribune was published underthis name.UNION, 1861-1865 The :daily edition of the Tribune was publishedunder this name while Karl Rotteck was proprietor.RURAL WEST AND WEEKLY JOURNAL, i869(?): A weekly editionof the Tribune, which was daily in 1869.REPUBLICAN. January, 1857-1858: Published by F. A. Dallam.Daily. Joined to the Illinois Courier (see above).

QUINCY, ADAMS COUNTY 293DAILY DEMOCRAT, September, 1858 (?): Edited by W. H. Carlin;published by Geiger, Gardner and White. Democraticin politics.DAILY SKIRMISHER, October, 1864: A daily published fora shorttime in the interest of the western Illinois Sanitary Fair. HDEMOKRAT, i865( ?)+(?): Established by George Linz upon hisreturn from the war, and Robert Voeth. Later they changedthe name toVOLKSBLATT, + i866(?) (?):Which was suspended after ayear or two.ERZ-DRUIDE, 1866-1880+ : Official organ of the United AncientOrder of Druids. Karl Petri was editor. He sold in 1880 toHenry Freudenthal, of Albany, New York. Monthly. LCHURCH REPORTER, 1867 to date (1869): In 1869 E. P. Balshewas editor and proprietor. Monthly.EVENING JOURNAL, 1867-1870: T. M. Rogers, proprietor andmanager. He and A. H. Lacy were editors in 1870. Independentin politics. Continued about four years.WESTERN AGRICULTURIST, 1868-1889+: Established at Quincy.Edited and published by T. Butterworth until 1889, when anincorporated company, Western Agriculturist Company, becamepublishers. Changed to Western Agriculturist and Live StockJournal, September, 1889. Later it was dated from Quincyand Chicago, and it is stillpublished from both places. T.Butterworth is still editor. January, 1901, title changed to LiveStock Journal, with main office in Chicago. Monthly; later,weekly.CUHEVENING CALL, 1870-1875: Thomas J. Heirs, John Russell, anS. D. Rich, were editors at various times.GOOD TEMPLAR'S MESSAGE, 1871-1874+ : J. K. Van Doom, waseditor, Good Templar Printing Company, publishers. A temperancepaper issued at irregular intervals. Moved to Bloomington.COMMERCIAL REVIEW, 1872 to date (1882) Established by Addison:L. Langdon, who was still editor and publisher in 1882. Businessand social. Independent in politics.UGOSPEL ECHO AND CHRISTIAN, 1872-1873: A religious paper.J. H. Garrison was managing editor and publisher. After tworemoved to St. Louis.yearsWESTLICHE PRESSE, August n-November 7, 1874+: German.Published by a stock company with Karl Petri as business manager.United with the Tribune, November, 1874, to form the

294 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTAGBLATT DER GERMANIA, + November 9. 1874 to date: Consolidationof Westliche Presse and Tribune. Published by GermaniaPublishing Company. Edited by George C. Hoffman,1874-January, 1888; by Henry Bornman, January, 1888, todate. Denied having party affiliation, but supported Clevelandin 1884. German, daily and weekly.DRUIDIC RECORD, 1876: Edited and published by the DruidsPublishing Company. Monthly.NEWS, 1877 to date (1884) News : Company, editors and publishers.John L. Frost was editor and publisher in 1884. Daily.Independent.HENTERPRISE, 1878 to date: Established by H. H. Reckmeyer, whois the present editor and proprietor. Completefiles are at thePublic Library since its establishment in Quincy.PPOST, 1879 to date (1882) W. A. Post was editor and :publisher.Greenback.MODERN ARGO, March, 1879-- (?): Moved to Quincy in 1879from Columbus, Ohio; published by A. H. Dooley; George N.Loomis, 1882; Aten and Musselman, 1884. Not political.TIMES, ( ?) Established ay Austin Brooks after he left the Herald.:After a year or two removed to Hannibal and soon discontinued.LEDGER, - (?)-- (?): Published by D. G. Williams as anadvertising medium.MORNING NEWS, (?)- (?): Co-operative publication byGriffin Frost, Henry Wilson, John Shield, and James H. Wallin.Continued one month.RANSOM, LA SALLE COUNTYTIMES, 1875-1882: The Minonk Blade was printing in 1881 anedition for Ransom under this name. Republican.RANTOUL, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYNEWS, i874-June,:1878+ Established and edited by GrayBrothers. After four months it was sold to Messrs. Bullock,Cross and Gifford. Issued in interests of the Havana, Rantouland Eastern Railroad. In five months Messrs. Bullock andCross purchased Gifford's share, and in 1875 Bullock became soleproprietor. Republican. In June, 1878, it was consolidatedwith theJOURNAL, 1875-1878+ H. W. Gulick was proprietor, F. E. Pinkerton,editor. Represented views of those opposed to Havana,:Rantoul and Eastern Railroad. In 1878 consolidated with theNews to form theU

RED BUD, RANDOLPH COUNTY 295:RANTOULIAN, +1878-1880+ H. E. Bullock and F. E. Pinkerton,editors and proprietors. In 1880 Pinkerton secured Bullock'sinterest and changed the name of the paper toPRESS, +1880 to date : In 1893 O. L. Downey, who had bought halfof Pinkerton 's interest, leased the other half and continued publishingthe paper under his name for one year, when Pinkertonagain took control. In 1895 he sold to F. and R. Cross and C.B. E. Pinkerton. In 1900 Messrs. J. C. Weir and Fred Collisonpurchased the paper, and in the fall of 1901 J. L. Hardesty ofBloomington purchased a one-third interest and became manager.In January 1906, R. L. Conn purchased Hardesty's interest andremained as editor and manager until January, 1907, when hesold to A. O. McDowell. The present publishers are Weir andMcDowell. Republican. Files destroyed by fire in 1901.RARITAN, HENDERSON COUNTYBULLETIN, 1876-1884:Established by Burner and Butler and waspublished by them until 1881, when it was sold to Bonham andMcCormick. The latter sold his interest to F. M. Bonham in1882. The plant was removed in August, 1884. Democratic.NEWS, ( ?) Published irregularly for about two years by : J. S.Nevins. Republican.MECNOPHONE, 1879: Published by W. L. Henderson for aboutthree months. Republican.RAYMOND, MONTGOMERY COUNTYREPORTER, 1877 Established by T. M. Smedley as a semi-monthly.:Continued about six months. "Devoted to poetry, light literature,general and home news."RED BUD, RANDOLPH COUNTYEGYPTIAN, 1868: Established by John and William Brickey, incharge of Peter W. Baker. Short-lived.1868: A German, paper, established by John andWilliam Brickey, and in charge of Anton Helmich. Short-lived.COURIER, 1872 : Established by Albert L. Krepps; died after threemonths.COURIER, 1876: Edited by Dejournette and Brewer. Democratic.Suspended after sixteen numbers.COURIER, 1877 to date: Edited and published by Everett H. Elliff.Democratic. In 1879 the office was leased to H. C. Hinckleyfor one year. In five months Mr. Elliff purchased the lease fromMr. Hinckley and moved the office to Columbia, Monroe county.The same day Mr. Hinckley bought the Review office and con-

296 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONStinued to publish the Courier until 1882. He then sold to MissT. A. McDonough and her brother, T. J. McDonough, becameeditor. McDonough sold to John H. Lindsey, who leased toSprigg and Lindsey. They turned the office over to WilliamArmour in 1885, and he to Charles D. Wassell, who changed thename to Torpedo. After total destruction by cyclone, severalchanges in ownership, and a change of name to Democrat, andback to Courier, E. G. Matlack sold in 1899 to Guy Seeley.Seeley died in March, 1909, and the office was sold to Youngand Parrott.REVIEW, 1879: Established by William H. Toy. After a fewmonths he closed the office and soon afterward sold to Mr.Hinckley as stated above.RICHMOND, CLARK COUNTYINDEX, 1879^0 date (1882): Established by G. L. Watson. Aftertwo years sold to M. R. Bain, who changed its name to thePantograph. In 1881 it was bought by S. W. Zeller, then by hisson, J. R. Zeller, who renamed it the Visitor. Later sold toCharles May, who was conductingit in 1882.RICHMOND, McHENRY COUNTYGAZETTE, 1876 to date : Started by B. B. Begun. In a few monthsGeorge S. Utter became editor. July, 1876, Mr. Begun died.In 1879, S. F. Bennett and G. S. Utter were editors, G. S. Utter,publisher. The same year Mr. John E. Nethercut, of Rockford,purchased the paper. Holmes and Wright were editors andpublishers in 1891-1895. Republican.RICHVIEW, WASHINGTON COUNTYPHOENIX, 1856-1858: Edited by M. L. McCord, who in 1858 removedhis establishment to Centraliaand published Rural Press.MOUDY'S DEMOCRAT, 1871-1872: Established by J. D. Moudy, andpublished by him until his death in 1872. Democratic.RIVERSIDE, COOK COUNTYGAZETTE, May, i87i-(?): Conducted by Enos and Company. Asuburban paper, published on the first Saturday of each month.RIVERTON, SANGAMON COUNTYGAZETTE, 1874- (?): Riverton Printing and Publishing Companypublishers; J. W. Hunt was businessmanager.NEWS, 1877 : John J. Smith was editor and publisher. Independent.

ROCHELLE, OGLE COUNTY 297ROANOKE, WOODFORD COUNTYNEWS, 1875 to date (1881):publisher.In 1879 M. L. Mock was editor andIssued from the office of the Minonk Blade.ROBERTS, FORD COUNTYADVOCATE, 1874-1875: Edited and published by Thomas J. Horsley.ROBINSON, CRAWFORD COUNTYGAZETTE, 1857-1858: Established and edited by George W. Harper.Favored the Douglas wing of the Democratic party and was thefirst political paper issued in the county. Discontinued after sixmonths. File lost by fire.CRAWFORD COUNTY BULLETIN, July, 1860-1862: Established as aDemocratic paper, edited by Horace P. Mumford. When thewar broke out the paper strongly advocated the prosecution ofthe war for the preservation of the Union. Mumford went towar, leaving the paper in charge of his brother, W. D. Mumford,and N. T. Adams. The paper was discontinued in 1862. Itwas revived later for about six months by Charles Whaley.MONITOR, 1862: Published for about six months by E. Logan.Independent.CONSTITUTION, October, 1863 to date (1903) John Talbot bought:the Bulletin equipment and conducted the Constitution as aDemocratic paper. He was editor, except for a short time, till1872, when his sons, Richard and Percy Talbot, assumed charge ;Richard Talbot and Price, 1880-1885 ; J- H. Fulton, 1885-1887 ;Fulton and Hiser, 1887-1892; Price and Cole, 1892-1895; J. S.Abbott, 1895-1903; F. W. Lewis, 1903 (?). DemocraticḢARGUS, December, 1863 to date: Established by George W.Harper, who has been in control ever since, except for a briefinterruption. Republican.CRAWFORD DEMOCRAT, May (?), 1879: Ira Lutes conductedthe Democrat for about six months (one year?), when he movedthe equipment to Kansas.ROCHELLE, OGLE COUNTYREGISTER, 1863 to date: From 1863 until about 1889 Elbridge L.Otis was editor and publisher; H. C. Paddock till1891 G. W.;Dicus, iSgi-May, 1907; E. I. Neff, May, 1907 to date. Republican.INDEPENDENT, 1872:Edward E. Richie was editor and publisher.U

298 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNATIONAL GREENBACKER, 1878 to date (1879) Norman :Rapaleewas editor and publisher. Discontinued after a few years.TELEPHONE, 1879 to date (1881): John M. King was editor andpublisher. Greenback. Discontinued after a short time.ROCK FALLS, WHITESIDE COUNTYPROGRESS, 1870-1877: Established by Messrs. W. H. Cadwell andW. H. Tuttle. Republican. UWHITESIDE TIMES, 1876-1878: Moved from Morrison by A. J.Booth and Company. Previously the Morrison Times (whichsee).ROCKFORD, WINNEBAGO COUNTYROCK RIVER EXPRESS, May, 1840-1841: Thefirstnewspaperpublished in the county. Edited by B. J. Gray. Its purposewas to promote the election of William Henry Harrison tothe presidency. Its ambition satisfied, the paper was discontinuedafter an existence of one year, and the office moved away.STAR, Autumn of 1840-1841 A Democratic : paper established byKnappen. The office was destroyed by a mob becausethe editor denounced the lynching of the Driscolls in Oglecounty.PPILOT, July, i84i-October, 1842: Edited by John A. Brown.Democratic. Died from the want of support.BETTER COVENANT, January 6, 1842-1843+: Published by Rev.Seth Barnes and William Rounseville. Printed at the office ofthe Pilot. Moved to St. Charles, then to Chicago, where it wasfirst published by Charles Stedman and edited by Mr. Barnes.Now the Universalist, Chicago.WINNEBAGO FORUM, February, i843~February, 1844+: Establishedby J. Ambrose Wight, who sold in August, 1843, to Austin Colton.At the beginning of the second volume Mr. Colton changedthe paper toFORUM, + February, i844-December, 1854+: Mr. Colton sold inDecember, 1854, to E. W. Blaisdell, Jr. The paper waschanged toAPHREPUBLICAN, + January, 1855-1862+:PEEdited by E. W. Blaisdell,Jr., 1855; Elija O. W. and Richard P. Blaisdell, 1855-1862.In 1862 it was merged into the PFREGISTER, February, i855~January, 1891+: Established by EliasC. Daugherty as an opponent to the spread of slavery. June,July and August, 1859, there was a daily issue. June, 1865, the

ROCKFORD, WINNEBAGO COUNTY 299Register absorbed the Rock River Democrat (which see). Mr.Daugherty retired and the paper passed into the hands of theRockford Register Company, with Isaiah S. Hyatt and E. H.Griggs as principal and associate editors. Mr. Hyatt was followed,June, 1866, by E. C. Daugherty, editor to February, 1867.Abraham E. and William E. Smith became associated with Mr.Griggs in managing the Register. Upon their retirement, June,1867, Mr. Griggs became editor and manager. He was stilleditor in 1869. In October, 1871, S. M. Daugherty, widow ofthe founder of the paper, became the owner and P. S. Martin,business manager. January, 1863, George E. Wright and Companybegan the Daily Register. He was followed by Charles J.Woodbury and Company. February, 1874, the daily was discontinued.In January, 1896, Mr. Wright was editor-in-chief.July, 1877, N. D. Wright and C. L. Miller were managing thepaper. October, 1877, Messrs. Wright and Miller revived theDaily Register. In 1881 E. M. Botsford purchased an interest.W. P. Lamb subsequently became a partner. The firm of Miller,Botsford and Company continued in the management toJanuary. 1891, when Edgar E. Bartlett, W. L. Eaton, and EugeneMcSweeney purchased the Daily Register and Daily Gazetteand consolidated them as the Register-Gazette, January, 1891to date (1904). Bartlett, Eaton and McSweeney, 1891-1898;Bartlett and Eaton, 1898-1901; Bartlett, 1901; Bartlett andA. S. Leckie, autumn of 1901. Mr. Leckie was editor. Bartlettand Fred E. Sterling, 1903 to date. APEFFREE PRESS, September, 1848-1850: A free-soil Democratic paper,edited by Henry W. DePuy.PROCK RIVER DEMOCRAT, June, 1852-1865: Editors: BenjaminHolt ;Mr. Holt and David T. Dickson ;Mr. Dickson and RhenodyneA. Bird from 1855 to May, 1864. Isaiah S. Hyatt thenpurchased the paper and published it to June, 1865, when theplant was sold to the Register Company. (See Register.) FSPIRIT ADVOCATE, April, i854-March, 1856: Issued monthly.Advocated the doctrines of the Spiritualists. Managed by Dr.George Haskell. Consolidated with the Orient with headquartersat Waukegan.PCUDGEL, January, 1857-- (?): It bore this legend on its titlepage:"Published somewhere, circulated everywhere, editednowhere." Published semi-monthly for seven numbers.WESLEYAN SEMINARY REPORTER, October, i857-January, 1858:Published by Rev. W. F. Stewart in the interest of the proposedWesleyan Seminary. Monthly. Only four numbers.

300 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDEMOCRATIC STANDARD, October, 1858-1860; Established bySpringsteen and Parks, in support of Douglas Democracy. Afterone month, Henry Parks published the paper alone to February1859, when David G. Croly became proprietor. In May, 1859,Croly and John H. Grove, as D. G. Croly and Company, becameAfter April, 1860, upon Mr. Croly'sproprietors and publishers.retiring, John H. Grove and James S. Ticknor published thepaper for a few months, then sold to James E. and Joseph H.Fox (Fox, Rowe and Company?), who established the DailyNews. (See second paper of this name below.)DAILY NEWS, February, i859~April, 1860: Founded by D. G. Crolyand Company. Mrs. Croly was "Jenny June" and one of theeditors. The paper was neutral. Suspended for want of patronage.DAILY NEWS, December. 1860-1861 : Established by James E. andJoseph Fox (Fox, Rowe and Company). (See DemocraticStandard.) Republican. After a few weeks the publishersstarted theWEEKLY NEWS, 1861 : Messrs. Fox discontinued this paper September,1 86 1, and sold to E. C. Daugherty.ROCK RIVER MIRROR, September, 1859 to after 1861 : Establishedby Allen Gibson. Later proprietors were Allen Gibson and E.D. Marsh. Weekly until 1861, when itbegan to appear only asa monthly. Devoted to insurance matters. Neutral in politics.Printed at the office of the Register.WESTERN MIRROR, 1861 to date (1869): In 1869, Allen Gibsonwas editor and publisher. Neutral. Probably a continuationof the Rock River Mirror.CRESCENT AGE, 1859: Dr. George Haskell and H. P. Ktmball wereeditors. Spiritualistic. Short-lived.SANDEBUDET, July,:i862-November, 1864+ A Swedish Methodistpaper established by Victor Wittig; after a year and a half hewas succeeded as editor by Albert Ericson, who continued untilNovember, 1864, when the paper was removed to Chicago.PEOPLE'S PRESS, July, i865~September, 1866: Established by W.P. Furey. From May to September, 1866, a stock companycontinued the publication which was then suspended for wantof patronage.GAZETTE, NOVEMBER, 1866- January, 1891 +: Founded byI. S. Hyattas an advertising sheet. April, 1867, Benjamin Foltz, becameeditor. August, 1867, Abraham E. and William E. Smith becameproprietors. They were still so in 1879. In 1878 a semiweeklyedition, and August, 1879, a daily edition were started.

ROCKFORD, WTNNEBAGO COUNTY 301In 1882 Mr. Smith admitted Colonel F. A. Eastman as a partner.In 1883 Colonel Eastman retired and Mr. Smith continued assole proprietor to January, 1891, when the paper was merged intothe Register-Gazette.WINNEBAGO CHIEF, November, 1866- July, 1867: Edited and ownedby J. P. Irvine. In July, 1867, Hiram E. Enoch was admittedas a partner and the paper changed toWINNEBAGO COUNTY CHIEF, July, 1867-1868+: In 1868, Irvineand Enoch were editors and publishers. Republican. ChangedtoJOURNAL, +i868-March, 1888: Mr. Irvine retired, and Mr. Enochwas sole proprietor to December, 1882; Foote and Kimball,December, i882-March, 1883 D. Miller and ;Company, March,i883~March, 1886. Hon. J. Stanley Browne, was owner,August, i887~March, 1888. Independent-Democratic. Sold toRockford Morning Star.WORDS FOR JESUS, October, 1867 to date (1869): Thomas J.andHugh Lament were editors and publishers. Religious monthly.GOLDEN CENSER, May, 1868- April, 1898: Founded by John Lemley.November, 1877, the paper passed into the hands of a stockcompany. Under this management the circulation is said tohave reached 18,000, the largest ever attained to by a Rockfordpaper. By August, 1896, the circulation was reduced to barely2,000 and the paper was indefinitely suspended. CalvertBrothers revived the Censer March, 1897, with Charles A.Church as editor. April to June, 1898, C. A. Church was soleproprietor. Sold to Ram's Horn, Chicago, June, 1898. Semimonthlyin the beginning, later weekly.EUDAILY JOURNAL, August, 1870: Started by Lumley and Carpenter.Lived two days.ANDRUS' ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY, January, i872-September, 1873 :Established by D. A. K. and W. D. E. Andrus.NYA SVERIGE, March, 1872-- (?): Established by A. W.Schalin. Swedish. Short-lived.METHODIST FREE PRESS, September, i872-January, 1875: Establishedby John Lemley.ROCKFORD SEMINARY MAGAZINE, January, 1873-1891 + : Caroline A.Potter was the first editor ; later, the senior class edited the magazine.When the seminary was raised to the rank of college, 1891,the paper became the Rockford Collegian. Publication discontinuedin 1895.CURIOSITY HUNTER, September, 1873-July, 1874: Issued by D.A. K. Andrus until July, 1874. In 1876it was revived at

302 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBelvidere and continued at least until November, 1877.Monthly. File, September, October, December, 187 2- July,1874; October, i876-March, 1877; April-September, November,1877, in Western Reserve Hist. Soc., Cleveland, Ohio.STAMP NEWS, 1873 One number issued by D. A. K. Andrus.:NOWADAYS, January, 1874: One number, issued by E. C. Chandler.INDUSTRIAL :TIMES, February, 1874+ W. F. Barrows, editor. Thename was changed in a few months to PHORNET, :+1874+ The second volume began under the name of PTIMES, + i875~February, 1876: John R. Coursen and Fred Dayton,proprietors. In August, 1875, Mr. Coursen sold to Louis A.Manlove.PDAILY NEWS, January, i878-October, 1880: Issued by D. A. K.Andrus, George W. Sherer, and F. O. Bennett. In June, 1878,the Daily News published a sensational account of a communistattack upon the government. When it was learned that thestory had no foundation in fact, Mayor Watson ordered the officeclosed by the city marshal.After many changes the paper wassuspended in October, 1880.WESTERN BANNER, 1878 to date (1879): A temperance organ editedand published by F. Wilson, H. S. Wilbur, and J. S. Hampton.Printed in the office of the Journal.SUNDAY HERALD, May-December, 1879: Established by E. C.Chandler.CHRISTIAN GLEANER, - (?)-i89i(?): Published at the Censeroffice for some years. It was made up of selections from theCenser, with little original matter. Absorbed by the Censerabout 1891. Monthly.LEAVES FROM FOREST HILL, ( ?)- - :( ?)Published for sometime during the school year by the young ladies of the RockfordFemale Seminary.FARMERS' MONTHLY, - (?)-- (?): Started by A. E. Smith,and sold to Messrs. Bartlett, Eaton and McSweeney, who publishedit for several years.ROCK ISLAND, ROCK ISLAND COUNTYBANNER AND STEPHENSON GAZETTE, August, i839~October, 1840:Edited by H. McGrere. This was the first paper published inRock Island county.PE1UPPER MississiPPiAN, October, i84o-December, 1846: Editedby Daniel Crist, 1840-1844; H. G. Reynolds, 1844-1846. PLE1See Stephenson.

ROCK ISLAND, ROCK ISLAND COUNTY 303NORTHWESTERN ADVERTISER, November, 1845-1847+: A Whigpaper edited and published by Dr. Horatio P. Gotchell and MilesW. Conway. In May, 1846, William Vandener bought the paper.In about a year he sold to Sanders and Davis. They sold aftera few months to Francis R. Bennett, who changed the name to PADVERTISER, +1847-1858: Edited by F. R. Bennett alone until1851, when A. J. Brackett became publisher and associateeditor. Thomas R. Raymond bought the paper in the fall of 1853.Raymond retired September 13, 1854, and Wharton was editorand publisher until the spring of 1858, when the paper was discontinued.A tri-weekly was begun on December 3, 1853,and a daily on September 13, 1855. PFLIBERTY BANNER, May, i846-(?) : An Abolition paper for which aprospectus was issued in Western Citizen for April 29, 1846. Itwas to be edited by C. B. Waite.REPUBLICAN, October, 1851 -December, 1855: Edited by F. C.Nichols, 1851-1852; J. B. Danforth, 1852-1855. PEARGUS, 1851 to date: Established by J. B. Danforth. Danforthand Shurly were publishers in 1857. In 1869, B. J. Danforth,Jr., was editor, and Danforth and Jones were publishers. In1879 the Argus Printing Company were editors and publishers.In 1907 J. W. Potter and Company were editors and publishers.Democratic in politics. A daily was begun in 1854.PUFROCK ISLANDER, September 19, i854-September 16, 1857+: ADemocratic paper established by E. J. Pershing. H. C. Connellybecame joint editor and publisher on February 18, 1855.The paper was united with the Argus on September 6, 1857 andfor a time the publication was called Islander and Argus. PFAUGUSTANA, 1856 to date: Swedish, Lutheran. Established atGalesburg, Illinois, by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist, who was editoruntil 1889. In 1890 Rev. E. Norelius was editor; Rev. S. P. A.Lindahl and A. Rodell, 1891 to 1898; S. P. A. Lindahl and J. C.Bengston, 1900 to 1907. It was published by the SwedishLutheran Publishing Company of Galesburg in 1856; SwedishLutheran Press Association, Chicago, 1858 to 1873; AugustanaBook Concern, Rock Island, 1909. The present editors areRev. L. G. Abrahamson, D.D., and Rev. M. J. England, D.D.Complete file with Augustana Book Concern and in the historicalcollection at Augustana College.BEOBACHTER AM MISSISSIPPI, 1857: Established by MagnusMueller edited ; by a poet-physician, Francesco Ciolino (Ciolina?).It was suspended after one year's existence. German.

3 o 4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDAILY COMMERCIAL, July 5, i858-February 3, 1859: Edited andpublished by C. W. Kirkland. Republican. PREGISTER, 1859-1862+: The editors were T. J. Pickett and C.W. Kirkland; M. S. Barnes and Mr. Kirkland; Messrs. Pickettand Barnes ;Mr. Pickett and Alexander Lamertine. Issued triweekly.It was joined with the Moline Independent in 1862 toform thePUNION, +1862 to date: In 1869 L. M. Havenstick was editor andpublisher. In 1879 the Union Printing Company were editorsand publishers and were still so in 1907. The paperisRepublican,and has been both daily and weekly since its formation bythe union of the Register and the Moline Independent. Files arein the office: daily July 5, 1855 to date; weekly, November5, i862-December 20, 1866. PUDIE CHRONIK DES WESTENS, January, 1860-1863: Foundedby Adam and George Lieberknecht. After several monthsAdam sold his interest to his brother George. The latterfor a short time had Mr. Adam Schaaf as partner.The pub-German.lication was suspended in the summer of 1863.NEUE VOLKS-ZEITUNG, August, 1875 to date: Established as a semiweeklyby Carl Winter, who conducted it to March, 1882. GeorgeS. Lechner bought the paper, March, 1882, and sold it in afew months to F. Protar, who publishedit to April, 1893.Rock Island-Moline Volks-Zeitung Publishing Company, April,i893-July, 1897; John P. Kieffer, July, i897-July. 1899: GustavDonald, July, iSgg-July, 1901; Val. J. Peter, July, 1901-1907. The Volks-Zeitung is dated also for Moline. Since April,1909, the Volks-Zeitung is published by the Volks-Zeitung PublishingCompany. P. A. Dornaun is editor and manager. USKOL-VANNEN, 1878-1880 or 1883 Published and edited by C. A.:Swensson and J. H. Randall, in the interest of Augustana College.It was issued at irregular intervals. File in the historicalcollection at Augustana College.UNGDOMS-VANNEN, 1879-1889: Published by 'the AugustanaTract Society, 1879, and by the Augustana Book Concern in1884. In 1887it was changed to a weekly and its name changedto Hem-Vannen. In 1889 the paper was consolidated withAugustana. Swedish Lutheran. Monthly. File in the historicalcollection at Augustana College and in library of AugustanaBook Concern.ROCK ISLANDER, January 5, i878--December 31, 1892: A Democraticpaper edited and published by J. B. Danforth. Only thename connects this paper with the earlier Rock Islander.

ROCK RUNROODHOUSE, GREENE COUNTY 305GAZETTE, i87o-i874(?): Dr. G. W. Snyder was editor, and J.Stewart, publisher. Printed at the office of the Lanark Gazette.ROCK SPRING, ST.CLAIR COUNTYPIONEER OF THE VALLEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI, April 25, i829~June,:1836+ Established by John Mason Peck and T. P. Green topromote the Baptist cause in Illinois and Missouri and to benefitthe Rock Spring Seminary. T. P. Green was publisher at thebeginning, and J. M. Peck was editor. After about six monthsGreen retired, and in June, 1830, Ashford Smith became publisher.The title seems to have been changed in 1831 to Pioneerand Western Baptist. The publication was removed to Altonin June, 1836, and called Western Pioneer and Baptist StandardBearer. (See Alton.) AHMEWESTERN WATCHMAN, 1836: A paper said to have been publishedat this place by John Mason Peck and later removed to St. Louis.Improbable.ROCKTON, WINNEBAGO COUNTYGAZETTE, May 27, 1857-1858 (1859?): Established by Funk andPhelps. Mr. Funk retired and the paper was continued aboutone year by H. W. Phelps and wife. The office was movedaway.FHERALD, 1875 to date: Established by W. D. Mathews, who in1876 sold to E. L. Carr, editor and publisher until after 1895.In 1907, C. J. Eddy. Republican.ROCKWELL, LA SALLE COUNTYNEWS, i86i( ?) :Listed, without details, in Kenny's American NewspaperDirectory for 1861.WESTERN EVANGELIST, i86i(?): Same listing as News.ROODHOUSE, GREENE COUNTYSIGNAL, 1871-1876 Edited by Henry Johnson, published by Charles:Johnson. (Simply a reprint of the White Hall Register with theabove title.)HEADLIGHT, i872-i874(?) Published by George B. Price and Son.:Lived about two years. Reprint of Carrollton Gazette.INDEPENDENT, 1875: Established by W. T. Lakin. Only a fewnumbers were published when he moved the press to White Hall,where he published the Greene County Democrat. The Independentwas continued for a time, printed at White Hall andedited by James Smith.

306 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSREVIEW, 1877 to date (1881):An Independent paper establishedby W. T. Mclver, seventeen years old, who was editor and publisher.In the second number appeared the name of Duncan C.Mclver, father of W. T. Mclver, who took the editorial work.In 1879 W. T. Mclver withdrew; his father ran the paper aloneuntil 1880, when he sold it to Frank M. Palmer. In nine monthsMr. Palmer sold to John S. Harper, who changed the name toEagle. After six months he sold the paper to Hiram H. Palmer,who changedit to Journal, a Democratic paper, In 1882 Mr.Palmer sold a half interest to W. J. Roberts, who in 1884 becamesole propeietor. He removed the material to White Halland consolidated it with White Hall Register. Ayer, 1881, statesof the Review that it"prints editions under the names of Eagleand Harper's Herald."HARPER'S HERALD, 1878: Established by John S. Harper. Aftersix months Mr. Harper sold to William H. Pogue and MorrisR. Locke, who removed the material to Jerseyville and startedthe Examiner. Democratic.ROSEVILLE, WARREN COUNTYGAZETTE, 1876 to date (1881) Ayer, 1881, lists a paper of the same:date and politics under the name Gazette and Paper. G. G.McCosh was editor and publisher. Neutral.TIMES, 1876 to date (1881): A family paper. It was later unitedwith the Citizen, the two becoming the Independent paper,Times-Citizen. This paper was published in 1907 by the RosevillePrinting and Publishing Company.WILSON'S WEEKLY, 1877 : Published byWilson Brothers. Neutral.ROSSVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTYOBSERVER, i873~i877(?): Established by J. H. Moore, whowas editor and publisher throughout the paper's existence. Itexisted about four years. Independent Greenback. UENTERPRISE, 1875 or :i876-October, 1877+ Established by JohnC. Cromer. Its advent had something to do with the discontinuanceof the Observer. The Enterprise was moved toHomer, Champaign county, in October, 1877, and in 1907 wasbeing published there by J. B. Martin.PRESS, 1879 to date: Established by F. J. Pastor, who ran it untilafter 1891. Perry M. Warner, 1895. In 1907 Bert E. Pinkertonwas editor and publisher. Independent-Republican.RUSHVILLE, SCHUYLER COUNTYJOURNAL AND MILITARY TRACT ADVERTISER, May, 1835-1836+ :Published by G. W. Davis and R. W. Renfroe; edited by Abra-

RUSHVILLE, SCHUYLER COUNTY 307ham Marshall. It was Independent in politics, favored railroadconstruction, and contained much Texas news. Within a yearMr. Davis retired, the paper passed into the hands of R. W. Renfroe,and the name was changed to:JOURNAL, +i836-May, 1837+ Neutral in politics. July 30, 1836,the Journal was sold to Adam (Adams?) Dunlap. May, 1837,Benjamin V. Teel purchased the paper and changed the name toSCHUYLER ADVOCATE, +May 27. i837-February, 1838+: Editedby J. B. Fulks. Changed to'TEST, + February-December 6, 1838: T. Lyle Dickey was editorand R. A. Glenn publisher. Published for eight months, withseveral interruptions (twenty-nine numbers in all). Whig inpolitics.ILLINOIS REPUBLICAN, December 14, i839-April 9, 1840+: A. R.Sparks, the editor, continued the publication four months. Hethen sold to James L. Anderson, who changed the name toHAHPOLITICAL EXAMINER, + April 9, i84o-October i, 1843+: Editedby James L. Anderson. Changed toWHIG, -f October, 1843-1844: When Henry Clay was defeated ascandidate for president, the Whig suspended publication.PRAIRIE TELEGRAPH, July 3, i848-May 24, 1856: Edited by BenjaminF. Scripps, published by Richard R. Randall, to November,1849; Rev. John Scripps and son, J. Corrie Scripps, November,1849-1856. On May 24, 1856, the paper was sold to astock company and changed toFTIMES, +May 24, 1856 to date: Published by a stock company ofDemocrats. DeWitt C. Johnston, editor, May, i856-February,1858: Addrew J. Ashton, February, iSsS-May, 1860. A. D.Davis, the next editor, was followed in three years by J. C. Fox;E. A. Snively, i866-July, 1868. At the latter date the paper wassold at sheriff's sale to Edwin Dyson, who assumed charge, andis still editor and publisher. The paper is Democratic. Boundvolumes of the Times for 1856-1858, and since 1868 are inthe office.ESCHUYLER COUNTY DEMOCRAT, April 20, i854-July 6, 1856:Organized by Democrats of the county and edited by DanielE. H. Johnson. Published in 1855 as Democrat and BrownCounty Advertiser. Sold to George Washington Scripps in1856, who used the material to publish a new paper, theSCHUYLER CITIZEN, July 6, 1856 to date: Edited by G. W. Scripps.It was an Independent paper until 1858, when itespoused thecause of Lincoln in his historic senatorial campaign. Mr.

3o8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSScripps sold the paper in 1865, but it reverted to him in 1868.April, 1879, the Citizen passed into the hands of W. I. Larash,editor and proprietor until December i, 1908, when he sold toRobbins Brothers. The Daily Citizen was started June, 1895.The daily is non-partisan, the weekly, Republican. Bound volumesfor 1856, 1857, 1858 owned by JohnS.Bagby, Rushville. URECORD, ( ? ) ( ? ) A : paper run by a Mr. Swan before1872.RUTLAND, LA SALLE COUNTYHOME JOURNAL, 1865 to date (1879):A Republican paper printedat the office of the El Paso Journal.TIMES, 1874-1878: In 1879 J. H. Brevoort was editor. The paperwas being issued from the office of the Minonk Blade.POST, 1878 to date (1881): A Republican paper.C. W. Blandin,editor in 1880. In 1881 it was being issued from the office ofthe Minonk Blade.ST. ANNE, KANKAKEE COUNTYGRANGER, 1873-1874:CHARLES, KANE COUNTYPublished by Edward Pazo.ST.PATRIOT, 1841-1842+: Edited by John Thomas. Office wasburned before the third issue. Another outfit was procured byIra Minard, and the paper revived under the complextitle ofSt. CharlesPATRIOT, Fox RIVER ADVOCATE AND KANE COUNTY HERALD,+ About 1843+: Waite succeeded Thomas and changed thename toFox RIVER ADVOCATE, +1843-1845: Edited by Dr. Daniel D.Waite. In 1845 Waite sold out.THE AGE, June, 1843 (?): A Whig paper edited by Robert I.Thomas and published by R. and A. Thomas.AFPRAIRIE MESSENGER, 1846-1847 Edited by Smith and Kelsey, then:by Smith and Sears. It passed into the hands of Messrs. Wilsonand Cockraft and was merged with the Western Mercury,Geneva.WBETTER COVENANT, +1842-1843+ Edited :by Rev. Seth Barnes,assisted by Rev. William Rounseville. Established at Rockford ;soon moved to Chicago; now the Universalist. HPEOPLE'S PLATFORM, 1849+: Established by Isaac Marlett inAurora; removed to St. Charles in 1849. Democratic. Thename was soon changed toDEMOCRATIC PLATFORM, +1849-1850+:S. S.Jones purchasedMarlett's interests in 1850, and changed the name to

SALEM, MARION COUNTY 309ST.KANE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, +1850-1855: Published by S. S. Jonesand George C. Hubbard. The number issued on September 25,1850, is in the Gail Borden Public Library at Elgin, Illinois. In1855 the office was moved to Elgin, and in the same year to Batavia.FWEEKLY ARGUS, +1857 K?):Begun previously at Batavia;removed to St. Charles in 1857. Published by Stitt and Matteson.Later changed to FST. CHARLES ARGUS, H - ( ?) 1861 Purchased :by R. N. Botsfordand Ed. Furnald. In 1858 Mr. Botsford became sole owner,and after the November election that year sold out to John J.Moulding and a Mr. Horton. The Argus was finally mergedinto theFox RIVER INDEPENDENT, 1861-1862: Established by John J.Moulding.OBSERVER, 1858 : Established by Rev. William Rounseville. Shortlived.TRANSCRIPT, 1871-1873+: Established by S. L. Taylor. Afterfour months he sold out to D. W. Tyrrell and Charles Archer;they, in 1873, sold to Frank McMaster and Hiram N. Wheeler;Wheeler was editor. Democratic. Printed at the office ofthe Geneva Kane County Republican. In the fall of 1873 thename was changed toNORTHERN GRANGER, +1873-1874+: The title indicates thepaper's politics. In 1874 the name was changed to:LEADER, +1874-1878+ In 1878it was removed to Elgin and continuedas the Elgin Leader. Democratic.INDEPENDENT, 1874: Established by D. W. Tyrrell. Continuedbut a few months.QUIVERING LEAF, 1877: Published by Rev. D. Matlack. Shortlived.REVIEW, 1878-1880: Established by D. L. Zabriskie and John F.Dewey. Later published by Mr. Dewey alone. It continuednearly two years, when it was sold to the Elgin Advocate, andits publication ceased.ELMO, FAYETTE COUNTYNEWS, 1875 to date (1880?) : Established by Johnson and Ranney ;sold to C. M. King. Neutral in politics. Printed at the officeof the Altamont Telegram.SALEM, MARION COUNTYWEEKLY ADVOCATE, 1851-1875+: A Democratic paper, edited andpublished by John W. and John H. Merritt, until 1856, when it

3io ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSwas sold to H. S. Blanchard and removed to Centralia. In 1858it was re-established in Salem by Edward L., Joseph D., andJ. W. Merritt, with John W. Merritt as editor, and Edward L.Merritt as associate editor. In 1860 Richard F. Long became apartner. In 1865 Louis V. Taft bought the paper and becameeditor and proprietor. In 1875 he changedit toSEMI-WEEKLY ADVOCATE, +1875-1876: Lived but a short time,and was discontinued.UAMERICAN EAGLE, 1852-1853: Published and edited by Thomas F.Houtz. Whig.:SPECTATOR, 1856+ A Republican campaign paper published byJames S. Coulter. It passed into the hands of E. C. Devore,who changed the name toREGISTER, +1856-1858: Edited by E. C. Devore. SoldM. Prior who changed the name toto JosephINDEPENDENT, April-December, 1858: Edited by Joseph M. Prior.MARION COUNTY HERALD, 1860: Established by J. M. Prior andF. S. Murphy. Only three numbers were published. Republican.LOYALIST, 1864- 1865: Brought from Mason, Effingham county, in1864 by George L. Brewster, editor and proprietor. It had continueda little over a year when Brewster died. The office wasclosed until late in 1865, when W. P. Hartley established theNORTHWESTERN BAPTIST, 1865-1866:T. Charles Fulks. The paper lasted seven months.Mr. Hartley was assisted byMARION COUNTY REPUBLICAN, 1867 (i865?)-i87o: Edited by T.C. Fulks and Peter M. Johns. Fulks soon retired in five months,when the office passed over to John A. Wall. From him it passedto I. S. Hitchcock, who continued the paper until 1870.ANTI-MONOPOLIST, October. 1873: Established by D. D. Moore.Short-lived.INDUSTRIAL ADVOCATE, 1874-1880+ Established by M. G. Beviall:with Dr. J. W. Cope as editor. Copeleft the office and establishedthe Industrial (which see). Beviall died soon thereafter

SANDWICH, DEKALB COUNTY3uINDUSTRIAL, 1874-1879+ : Established by Dr. J. D. Cope. Soldto C. J. Willmans, who made itRepublican. It passed fromWillmans to Mr. Evarts, later to W. L. Arnold, when it wasmoved, in 1879, to Kinmundy. From there, after twenty-sixwas moved back to Salem, where Arnold continued itissues, itasMARION COUNTY REPUBLICAN, + October, 1879, to date: W. L. Arnoldwas the editor until January, 1881, when W. R. Burton tookcharge. July, 1881, T. C. Fulks and W. R. Burton purchasedthe paper of Mr. Arnold. In 1907 J. C. Utterback was editorand publisher. Republican.MARION COUNTY HERALD, 1876-1880+ Established :by T. B.Pyles and John H. Merritt. November 19, 1880, Merritt andPyles purchased the Industrial Advocate and formed the Herald-Advocate, under which name it is stillpublished. A Democraticpaper.WEEKLY TIMES, December, 1878: Edited and published by J.T.Long and Company.It had a brief existence.SANDOVAL, MARION COUNTYPRAIRIE FARMER, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenny'sAmerican Newspaper Directory for 1861.NEWS, 1861 (?):Same listing as Prairie Farmer.SANDWICH, DEKALB COUNTYPEOPLE'S PRESS, i857~six months: Edited by W. L. Dempster.Independent on all subjects.PRAIRIE HOME AND ADVERTISER, i859-short-lived: Edited byMattison and Higbee.NEWS, i86o(?): Edited and published by James M. Higbee. Bimonthly.GAZETTE, 1865-1889: Established by James M. Higbee, who soonassociated James H. Sedgwick with him. Sedgwick sold toJames H. Furman in 1866, who became sole proprietor in 1868.He sold to G. H. Robertson in 1874.Changed from weekly tosemi-weekly in 1877 ; resumed weekly publication in 1883. Discontinuedin 1889. A Republican paper. UFREE PRESS, 1873 to date : Established by H. F. Bloodgood. C. B.Taylor bought the paper in 1882, and Barnes and Douglas in1883. It is now (1907) edited and published by Frank D. Lowman.The paper was Independent in 1881; Republican in1907. UUF

3i2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSARGUS, 1878 to date: Established by M. B. Castle and Son (JohnB. Castle), who continued the paper together until the deathof the former in 1900. Since that date John B. Castle hascontinued editor and proprietor. In 1881 the paper was Independent;in 1907, Republican. Complete bound files are in theoffice of the paper.SAVANNA, CARROLL COUNTYREGISTER, 1853: Published by Charles Allen; edited by Smith D.Atkins (see Freeport). After a few months the owners sold thepaper to a Mr. Grattan, who removed the plant elsewhere. FTIMES, 1875 to date Established :by J. William Mastin, and for tenweeks printed at the office of the Shannon Gazette (which see).The first issue printed in Savanna was that of September n, atwhich time the equipment of the Shannon Gazette was moved toSavanna. Simon Greenleaf and Mastin were the publishersuntil March, 1876, when Greenleaf bought Mas.tin's share inthe paper and became editor and proprietor. He was still so in1879. In 1895 a daily edition was started, which has continuedto date. In 1907 L. W. Fraser was editor; W. W. Gillespie,publisher. The paper has always been Republican. USAYBROOK, MCLEAN COUNTYNEWS, 1872-1873: Established by J. S. Harper. After about oneyear Mr. Harper went to Farmer City and the News was discontinued.BANNER, December, 1872-1873+ Established by H. H. Parkinson.:With the assistance of O. C. Sabin and Mr. Van Voris, he publishedthe paper for one year. Then he sold to Mr. Sabin, whochanged the name toMCLEAN COUNTY ANTI-MONOPOLIST, +i873~January, 1874:Mr. Sabin made the paper an advocate of the farmers' movement.In January, 1874, he removed the paper to Bloomington.After continuing its publication for one year, he sold it toMr. Goff.HERALD, October, 1875 to date (1882): An Independent paper,established by T. J. Horsley. He still was editor and publisherin 1879; H. W. Rodman in 1882.SUNBEAM, May, 1879 (?): W. H. Schureman was manager;O. C. Sabin, editor. Published under the auspices of the Y. M.C. A. "Its peculiar field was literature and the cause of temperance,religion, intelligence and morality."

SHANNON, CARROLL COUNTY 313SCOTTSVILLE, MACOUPIN COUNTYUNION, 1874: Lakin and Palmer were editors and publishers.Printed at the office of the Waverly Times.SECOR, WOODFORD COUNTYHOME JOURNAL, i879(?): An edition of the El Paso Journal. Independentinpolitics.SENECA, LA SALLE COUNTYRECORD, 1878 to date: Established by A. J. Lukins. In March,1879, the office was burned, and publication suspended for twoweeks. In 1880 J. H. and Sam D. Chatterton assumed control.Sam D. Chatterton bought his partner's interest in 1881. InSeptember, 1882, Leacock and Wickham became editors andproprietors. From July, 1883, to October, 1884, Wickham conductedthe paper alone. George B. Youmans and W. D. Lindsay,October, 1884-1885; H. E. Wickham, editor for a time in1885; J. B. Hayes, June-August, 1885; W. D. Lindsay andGeorge B. Youmans, August, 1885 (?) In 1901 the Recordwas consolidated with the News, which had been established in1892. As the Record and News, the paperis now edited andpublished by Terry Simmons. Independent in politics. Laterfiles are owned by Mr. Simmons.SHABBONA, DsKALB COUNTYEXPRESS, May, 1876, to date: Established by H. F. Bloodgood andMr Hunt. In October, 1876, Hunt sold his interest to W. H.Ray. Bloodgood and Ray were editors and publishers toMarch, 1878. Since that date, W. H. Ray has been sole proprietorand editor. In 1879 the paper was printed at the officeof the Sandwich Free Press. The Express has always been aRepublican paper. Files, except for the first few years, are keptin the office. A part of the edition is printed as the Gazette, Lee(DeKalb county).RECORD, March-December, 1878: Established by J. M. Bean. Itwas suspended after an existence of about nine months.SHANNON, CARROLL COUNTYGAZETTE, i864-after 1875: Established by John Hewlett, stilleditor and publisher in 1868. In 1870-1874 Jethro Mastinwas editor and publisher; Mastin and Sanford in 1875. Printedat the office of the Lanark Carroll County Gazette. A Republicanpaper.EXPRESS, 1879 to date (1895) : A. W. Erwin was editor and publisheruntil after 1882; W. B. Bachtelle, 1884; W. H. Barnes,1891 ; J. M. Bahm, 1895. At firstRepublican, Independentafter 1891.

3 i4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSHAWNEETOWN, GALLATIN COUNTYSHAWNEE CHIEF/ October i7-November (?), 1818+ : Establishedby Henry Eddy and Singleton H. Kimmel. In a short time thename was changed toILLINOIS EMIGRANT, + (before December 26, i8i8)-September 18,:1819+ Published by Eddy and Kimmel and edited by Eddy.This, the second paper in Illinois, was a four-page, four-columnsheet, well printed in the early years. In the issue for April 3,1819, is a criticism of Governor Bond for signing the law establishinga state bank, and for becoming president of it. The lastissue was vol. i, no. 54, September 18, 1819. With the nextnumber the name was changed toAEILLINOIS GAZETTE, + September 25, i8i9-i83o(?): The paper wascontinued by Eddy and Kimmel until May 22, 1820, when thepartnership was dissolved and James Hall took the place ofKimmel as partner in the publishing, and as editor. This arrangement16, 1822, when Hall withdrew;with the number for November 23 C. Jones becamepublisher and Henry Eddy editor and proprietor. Eddy sold ahalf interest to John Foliart, who became publisher, with Eddy,as John Foliart and Company, on February n, 1826. They soldOctober 18, 1828, to Alexander F. Grant, who conducted thepaper alone until November 8, then, with Thomas Palmer, asAlex F. Grant and Company until November 20, 1830; thenGrant alone became publisher. The last number in the Libraryof Congress is vol. io ;no. 30, December 18, 1830, and is probablynear the end of the paper's career. Under Eddy and Kimmelthe Gazette was alive and fairly vigorous. Hall made itperhapsthe best edited paper in the state, with the possible exceptionof the Edwardsville Spectator. He preserved a neutral positionin politics for some time, and at all times kept the columns opento discussion. But after he became familiar with state politicsthe political tone was vigorous.2Hall gave the paper a veryunusual literary tone. Under subsequent editors its qualitiesdeteriorated to insignificance. MSAEGALLATIN DEMOCRAT AND ILLINOIS ADVERTISER, October-December,1835: Established by McClernand and Stickney. Democratic.McClernand withdrew at the end of the year, and thepaper was continued asDanville1 The title Shawnee Chief is used here solely on the word of previouswriters. In the notice of dissolution of partnership between Eddy and Kimmel,mention is made of debtors to Illinois Emigrant and Illinois Gazette, but notto Shawnee Chief. I have found no reference to that name in early Missouri or Indianapapers in the Library of Congress. F. \V. S.2For further particulars of this paper's editorial policy see the Introduction.

ILLINOIS ADVERTISER, + January, i836-November 4, 1837: Editedand published by William H. Stickney as a radically Democraticpaper. Stickney discontinued the paper November 4, 183 7, andsold the plant to John S. McCracken, who, after a few weeks,startedAWESTERN VOICE AND INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT JOURNAL, December,1837-1839+ A Democratic : paper that had reached no. 48 onDecember 29, 1838. Early in 1839 it was changed to AINTELLIGENCER, +1839-- (?): Edited and published by W. H.McCracken and Company.ILLINOIS REPUBLICAN, February, i84i-i843(?) : Edited and publishedby Samuel D. Marshall until March 25, 1843, then byH. H. M. Butt and J. W. ConneU. Supported McClernandfor senator in 1842 against Douglas, Breese, Reynolds, andYoung. It was stillbeing published in June, 1843. AHILLINOIS STATE GAZETTE, i843~i847( ?) Established by W. D. Latshawand J. S. Roberts. Listed in Illinois Annual Register for:1847 as a Democratic paper published by J.S. and E. W.Roberts. (See Jackson Standard, 205.) FSOUTHERN ILLINOIS ADVOCATE, 1848-1849: Edited and publishedfor a few months by L. Jay S. Turney, a lawyer. The only copyavailable does not reveal the politics of the paperit; stood, however,for "universal liberty abroad, and an ocean bound republicat home!!!" USOUTHERN ILLINOISAN, 1852-1860: Started by W. Edwards andSon as a Democratic paper. It supported Bissell, the Republicancandidate for governor, and Buchanan for president. Itrevolted at the time of Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska bill. AfterBuchanan's election it became strongly Republican.MERCURY, 1860-1873 1; Published and edited by D. W. Lusk aslate as 1873. A Republican paper.GAZETTE, 1871-1875: Established by Joel G. Morgan and conductedby him till it was discontinued. At first both daily andweekly, the weekly called Gallatin Gazette; the daily was soondiscontinued.HOME NEWS, 1873+: Established by Conrad O. Edwards.Changed toSHAWNEE NEWS, +1873 to date:A Republican paper, edited andpublished by. Riblett and Edwards, then by J. W. Riblett ; JohnM. Hogg, 1877-1880; Tromly Brothers, 1882; L. F. Tromly,1 The account of Hamilton county papers (p. 300 Goodspeed), says "InDecember 1870, John Coker purchased the Shawneetown Mercury, and moved thematerial to McLeansboro to start the Golden Era."

3 i6 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS1884-1895 + After .1895 the paper became News-Gleaner.In 1907 the News-Gleaner was being edited and published byA. T. Spivey, and it was stillRepublican.SHAWNEE HERALD, February n, 1876-1879: Established byFrancis M. Pickett. Jacob Haraing was editor and publisherin 1879; Frank Winterberger in 1880. A Democratic paper.LOCAL RECORD, December, 1877, to date: A Democratic paper,established and still conducted in 1887 by Conrad O. Edwards.It is listed in Rowell, 1879, as Independent in politics. In Ayer,1907, it is given as a local paper, edited by Essie and Allie Edwards,published by Edwards and Edwards.SHELBYVILLE, SHELBY COUNTYPRAIRIE FLOWER, 1840-1842: Edited by JosephC. Duncan andJames Shoaff. It was in the nature of a newspaper and literarymagazine combined, published monthly. Issued from the officeof the Okaw.OKAW. 1840-1845: Edited by W. W. Bishop. Its publication wasirregular.SHELBY BANNER, July, 1852-1858+ It first advocated Democracy,:then became Independent. Edited by D. M. Cantrill and WilliamA. Cochran, 1852, for a few months. Cochran was a warmsupporter of Franklin Pierce as candidate for president. Cantrillwas sole editor after Cochran' s withdrawal, until the officewas closed in 1853. In 1854 Theophilus Short and Short andSpears conducted the paper for a few months. P. L. Shuttfollowed them, 1855, and changed the paper from Democraticto Independent. September, 1858, John W. Johnson took possessionand changed the paper to theFOKAW PATRIOT, +1858-1863: The paper was edited by John W.Johnson, September, i858-February, 1860; Judge AnthonyThornton, February, 1860. The Banner (see below) had justbeen started by P. L. Shutt. Thornton and Shutt consolidatedthe two papers, under the name ofOKAW DEMOCRAT +1860-1863 + :Thornton acted as editor, Shuttas manager. Thornton retired within the year and Shutt continuedto 1863. Upon his suspending publication, a joint stockcompany of Democrats was formed to continue the paper as theSHELBY COUNTY LEADER, + September, 1863-1865+: It wasstarted by a joint stock company, managed by W. A. Trower, andedited by H. H. Coolidge, September-December, 1863. InDecember, 1863, bought by W. A. Trower, and sold to 1865 inRufus Sumerlin. Democratic. Soon after George R. Wendlingbought a half interest, and changed the name to

SHELBYVILLE, SHELBY COUNTY 317CENTRAL ILLINOIS TIMES, +1866-1868+ The editor was George:R. Wendling. He sold his half interest ij 1867 to Lloyd B.Stephenson and W. W. Hess; in October, 1867, Dr. E. E. Waggonerbecame Sumerlin's partner. In 1868 Rufus Sumerlinassumed sole charge and again named it theSHELBY COUNTY LEADER, +1868 to date: Edited by Rufus Sumerlinand his three sons, Leon, Dolph, and Eugene. Boughtby W. A. Trower in March, 1871. In January, 1873, a halfinterest was sold to W. B. Marshutz, who sold back to W. A.Trower in 1875. Owned and edited by Vallee Harold in 1895-fall of 1898; George V. Mechler to February, 1890, and from1890 to date, owned and edited by T. B. Shoaff. Democratic.BANNER, 1860: Started by P. L. Shutt, and consolidated with theOkaw Patriot (see above).SHELBY COUNTY FREEMAN, 1860-1861 :Published by Eli Chittendenin the interest of the Republican party. Discontinued in 1861and later resurrected as theSHELBY COUNTY UNION, 1863 to date: Established at the suggestionof Judge Samuel W. Moulton and W. J. Henry to espouse thecause of the Union. Edited by J. W. Johnson, 1863-1864;owned by J. W. Johnson and John A. Young, 1864-1865; byRichard Couch in 1865; by Richard Couch and Park T. Martinin 1867; exclusively by Park T. Martin, 1867-1871; jointly byPark T. Martin and Elgin H. Martin, 1871-1872; by Park T.,Elgin H., and Horace L. Martin, 1872-1873; by Elgin H. andHorace L. Martin in 1873; by Horace L Martin, 1874 to 1903,who established a daily of the same name in 1887, and had foreditors successively, Elgin H. Martin, Harry M. Martin andJames Darby. Owned by Hon. Walter C. Headen, William H.Beem, Harry M. Martin, and George B. Rhoads; edited byWilliam Ritchie, 1903-1905; William Taylor and Orville Storm,I905~i9o6(?). In 1907 Fred A. Richey was editor; UnionPublishing Company, publishers. The daily edition isIndependent,the weekly Republican.COMMERCIAL, 1868 : Published for a short time by J. William Lloydand George R. Wendling as a trade paper.SHELBY COUNTY INDEPENDENT, 1874-1876: Established by Dr.E. E. Waggoner and J. William Lloyd as an Independent organ,but it was virtually Democratic from the first. Dr. E. E. Waggonerwas sole owner and editor from 1875, and in 1876 changeditto theDEMOCRAT, 1876 to date: Edited by Dr. E. E. Waggoner, 1876-1885 ;owned by Thomas J. and George R. Graybill, 1885-1887.In 1887 G. Wilbur Cook entered the firm which was known as

3i 8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGraybill Brothers and Company, with George R. Graybill aseditor, 1887-1902. Owned since 1902 by G. Wilbur Cook andIsaac S. Storm, and edited by the latter The Democrat Companyare publishers.Owned by E. Homrighous and J. W. JohnsonAPIARY, 1878-1880:and edited by the A latter. monthly paper on bees and theircare and propagation.GREENBACK HERALD, 1879-1884: Established on the material ofthe Windsor Sentinel.Edited by Tom Stuart and G. W. Cook,1879-1880, and supported the Greenback party. Edited byMilton A. Bates in 1880; by Charles Reeve later; after himby Elder Linn and later by Mr. Eton. It was variously listed asNational Greenback Herald, Greenback Herald, and Herald.CHURCH AND HOME, 1879-1880+ A Unitarian weekly owned and:edited by Rev. Jasper L. Douthit. Name soon changed toOur Best Words, 1880-1892, a weekly Prohibition paper ofvarying fortunes. It was sold in 1892 to J. S. Barnum, whochanged it to the People's Paper. This was edited by J. S.Barnum and Frank K. Pennington as a Populistic organ. Itwas discontinued in 1894. The same year, Rev. Jasper L.Douthit bought back the name only of Our Best Words fromBarnum and Pennington, and continued the paper as a monthly,in the interests of Unitarianism and Prohibition. Jasper L.Douthit is the present owner and editor.ILLUSTRATED BAPTIST, 1879 to date (1881): Phillips and Hugheswere editors and publishers. A monthly paper.SHELDON, IROQUOIS COUNTYCOURIER, March (?), 1871: Published from a press in Kentland,Indiana, for a few months, by J. B. Spotswood and E.A. Burns. The Courier was Independent in politics.ENTERPRISE, December, 1874 to date (1880): Established byH. R. Fields and H. L. Henry. After February, 1877,it wasunder the management of D. J. Eastburn, who was still editorand proprietor in 1880. The Enterprise was Independent inpolitics.JOURNAL, 1879 to date: J. W. Sargent, editor, J. R. Fox, publisher,1882; J. R. Fox, 1884; J. W. Sargeant, 1891; C. W. Stickneyin 1895. In 1881 it was a semi-weekly paper; in 1907, a weekly.W. H. Overhue was editor and publisher in 1907. Republican.SHERIDAN, LA SALLE COUNTYNEWS LETTER, 1871-1880: Established by J. L. Seward, and conductedby him until 1873. A. V. Whitney became editor andU

SPARTA, RANDOLPH COUNTY 319publisher in 1873-1876; C. E. and C. A. Whitney were publishersin 1877. In 1879-1880 A. V. Whitney was editor andpublisher. For awhile it had the name ofTEMPERANCE UNION, 1873-1874: Edited and published by A. V.Whitney.SHIPMAN, MACOUPIN COUNTYPROGRESS, December, i868-September, 1869: Edited and managedby W. E. Milton.TRUE FLAG, September, i874~October, 1875: Parker and Waldron,editoro and proprietors. Independent. Consolidated with theBrighton Advance.SOMONAUK, DEKALB COUNTYFREE PRESS, 1873-1875: H. F. Bloodgood was editor and publisher.Issued from the office of the Sandwich Free Press.REVEILLE, 1875 to date: C. Abe West was editor and proprietor to1880; S. D. Newton, 1880-1889; C. B. Phillips, 1889-1892;Charles W. Faltz, editor and publisher to date. An Independentpaper.SOUTH CHICAGO, COOK COUNTYEAGLE, 1871 Established by :of the Chicago Sun,SPARLAND, MARSHALL COUNTYH. L. Goodall. Printed at the officeCHRONICLE, 1868 to date (1891): Established as a neutral paper bySpencer Ellsworth, editor and publisher. In 1879 and to date,a Republican paper. S. M. Tesmer was editor and the ChroniclePublishing Company, publishers, in 1879-1884+: Mrs. L. S.Tesmer, editor; Spencer Ellsworth, publisher in 1891.UNION, 1870-1871 Established by William Trench. In the next:year it was edited and published by Bell and Wilson, who wereprinting it at the office of the Lacon Statesman.SPARTA, RANDOLPH COUNTYCOLUMBUS HERALD, 1839-1840+ : Edited by James Morrow. Neutralas to politics. Changed toE. Dietrich. Demo-HERALD, + January-June 1840+ Edited :by J.cratic. Changed toUDEMOCRAT, +1840-1843: Mr. Dietrich was still editor. FavoredVan Buren for president. In 1844, the office was leased to O. F.McMillan, who began theU

320 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRANDOLPH COUNTY RECORD, May 28, 1844-June, 1846: Editedby O. F. McMillan. Because of politics it was moved to Chester,where it was published as the Reveille. It supported Polk forthe presidency.PRAIRIE DEMOCRAT, 1848-1851 +: A campaign paper edited by J. R.Shannon, 1848-1851. It advocated the election of Lewis Cass.In 1851 C. P. Johnson leased the office and changed the name toINDEPENDENT, +1851-1854: Suspended after the campaign in1852. Revived by S. A. Armour, who later leased to ParsonsPery. After two years he was succeeded by J. W. Fletcher.Soon afterward the office was removed to Chester.FREEMAN/ March 21, 1850+: Anti-slavery; edited by James N.Coleman. In 1850 he was succeeded by James S. Coulter, whochanged the name toFJOURNAL, + 1850-1852 Edited :by J. S. Coulter, who was succeeded,in 1852, by Mrs. Gintileus. Suspended shortly after.REGISTER, February, 1849 (?): Established by J. E. Detrich and J. R. Shannon. Apparently Democratic. FRANDOLPH COUNTY JOURNAL, 1856 (?) Established :by J. W.Fletcher 2 and H. A. McKelvey; McKelvey was editor. Republican.FSTAR or THE WEST, 1862-1866+ Started :by W. J. Armour, in 1866(1865?) sold to General J. Blackburn Jones, who changed thename toRANDOLPH PLAINDEALER, + 1866 to date Published :by Jones until1868 when he sold to Thomas M. Nichol. In 1869 J. D. Watsonpurchased an interest. In 1870 the paper was sold to Messrs.Kimball and Taylor, who placed Edward Fagin in charge aseditor and manager. In 1872 he was succeeded by Fred L.Alles. In 1873 Alles purchased the paper and on the same daysold it to S. L. Taylor. In one month Albert Goddard becameassociated with Mr. Taylor. He retired in 1874 and was succeededby W. B. Taylor, who published the paper with hisbrother, S. Lovejoy Taylor, until 1881, the latter continuing aseditor to that date, when they sold to Messrs. George Campbelland Don E. Dietrich. In four months Charles Campbell purchasedDietrich's interest, and the Campbell Brothers con-1 Harris, Negro Servitude in Illinois, 184, says that the Freeman wasbegun in January, 1850.2 It seems probable that this paper had been discontinued before 1860, foron April 3, of that year Horace Greeley addressed to " Friend Fletcher," thenabout to start a paper at Sparta, his well-kno-w n letter of advice to a countryeditor. Perhaps Greeley's advice discouraged Fletcher; at any rate I have notfound that he started a paper in 1860. F. W. S.

SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY 321tinued publication. In 1907 S. Love joy Taylor was editor;Taylor Brothers, publishers. A Republican paper throughoutits existence. Listed in Rowell, 1879, and in the later directoriesas Plaindealer.ITEM, 1878-1879: Printed in the office of the Sparta Plaindealer;edited by E. C. Miner. Monthly.OUR WORK, 1877: Edited by Rev. Thomas E. Green; publishedunder the auspices of the First Presbyterian Church.SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTYSANGAMO SPECTATOR, February 21, 1827-1829+:Edited by HooperWarren, but owned by Ninian Edwards. He sold to SamuelC. Meredith. Changed to AJOURNAL AND LITTLE SANGAMO GAZETTE, + February 16, 1829-1830:Conducted by S. C. Meredith. Discontinued after a few months.COURIER, 1830: Editors, George Forquer and Thomas Ford,later Governor of Illinois.SANGAMON JOURNAL, November 10, 1831-1855+: It appearedweekly from November 10, 1831, to June 13, 1848. It appearedfirst as a daily on Monday, June 13, 1848, and has since beenissued both daily and weekly, under the various titles of SangamoJournal, Sangamon Journal, and Illinois State Journal. Thetitle Sangamon Journal was retained from the beginning tillJanuary 12, 1832, when, with no. n, it was changed to SangamoJournal. This paper supported the Whig party, thus favoringa national bank, protective tariff, and internal improvements.From the birth of the Republican party the Journal supportedits principles. Published by Simeon and Josiah Francis, 1831-1835 Simeon; Francis, 1835-1838 ; Simeon, Allen and J. NewtonFrancis, 1838-1843 Simeon and Allen; Francis, 1843-1855 W. H.;Bailhache and Edwaid L. Baker, 1855-1862. On September23, 1847, the name was changed to Illinois Journal, and onAugust 13, 1855, was changed to that by which it has sincebeen known, namelyHSAMF[ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL, +1855 to date: W. H. Bailhache soldhis interest in 1862 to David L. Phillips. A stock company wasformed in February, 1863; in March, 1866, Phillips sold hisstock to Bailhache. In February, 1873, the stock was sold toEdward L. Baker, David P. Phillips, Charles Edwards, and J.D. Roper. Paul Selby, Milton F. Simmons, and Horace Chapinbought the paper in September, 1878, and in 1885 it became theproperty of Frank E. Tracy, Charles T. Stratton and A. F.Phillips; after one year Paul Selby and M. S. Kimball bought it;in April, 1889, the property was bought by Clarence R. Paul,

322 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHarry F. Dorwin, and Lewis H. Miner. Paul Selby was associateeditor from July, 1862, until after the close of the war, andagain from 1874 to 1878; he was one of the proprietors andeditor from 1878 to 1889. Clarence R. Paul was editor from1889 until his death, May 28, '1908. He was succeeded byLewis H. Miner. Files for several years owned by Mr. Kerns,EDBHSUACWLFWyoming, 111.ILLINOIS HERALD, October, 1831- (?): Established by EdwardJones and S. S. Brooks. Later it was published by EdmundD. Taylor; edited and printed by Samuel S. Brooks in 1833.HMILLINOIS REPUBLICAN, 1835-1839: A Democrat paper; supportedJackson's policy; was merged into the Illinois State Register in1839. It was edited and published by John L. Roberts andGeorge R. Weber. Stephen A. Douglas contributed to itscolumns. A mob, one of which was the sheriff of the county,attacked the office twice, but was repelled by the Weber Brothers.ILLINOIS STATE REGISTER, + August io( ?), 1839, to date : Establishedby John York Sawyer, at Edwardsville as Illinois Advocate. Itwas published at Springfield by Wm. Walters and George R.Weber as editors and publishers until 1845. Mr. Walters andCharles H. Lanphier were editors and publishers, 1845-1846. Onthe death of Mr. Walters in July, 1846, Mr. Lanphier becameeditor and owner. He and George Walker were its editors andpublishers, June 4, 1847-1858. On January 2, 1849, the DailyIllinois State Register was first issued. Mr. Walker having died,Mr. Lanphier and Edward Conner edited and published thepaper in 1858-1859, Mr. Lanphier becoming sole proprietorlate in 1859, and so continued until November 24, 1863. During1860, the late Congressman William M. Springer, edited thepaper. Mr. Lanphier' s connection with the Illinois State Registerclosed in 1863, when it was suspended for a few months.It was revived by the Illinois State Register Publishing Companyunder the business management of George Judd and wasedited by I. N. Higgins. On November 12, 1864, the paper wasagain suspended. On January i, 1865, John W. Merritt andsons, Edward L. and Joseph D., became proprietors and revivedthe paper with John W. Merritt as editor-in-chief and EdwardL. Merritt as his associate editor. January i, 1866, Edward L.and Joseph D. Merritt became proprietors under the firm nameof E. L. Merritt and Brother. In 1873 John W. Merritt wassucceeded as editor by Edward L. Merritt. In 1877 the MerrittBrothers sold the paper to an incorporated company, composedof John M. Palmer, John Mayo Palmer, Edward L. Mer-

SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY 323ritt and James M. Higgins. In 1880 this company sold theproperty to G. W. and J. R. Weber, sons of George R. Weber,who was connected with it in 1839, and Charles Edwards, JohnH. Oberly, and G. R. Weber edited it. Soon afterwards thepaper was turned over to a trustee. Early in 1881 John M.Palmer bid it in on a sale and then sold it to George Smith, H.W. Clendenin, and Thomas Rees of Keokuk, Iowa, who issuedtheir first number of June 19, 1881, under the firm name of Smith,Clendenin and Rees. Mr. Smith died in 1886 and the proprietorshipwas then placed in an incorporated company composed ofH. W. Clendenin, Thomas Rees, and the heirs of Mr. Smith, thetitlebeing the Illinois State Register Company. A few yearsthereafter the Smith interest was purchased by the companycontrolled by Messrs. Clendenin and Rees, which is its presentowner. Mr. Clendenin has been editor-in-chief since 1881,and Mr. Rees has been business manager during the same time.The IllinoisState Register has been a Democratic paper since1836, when Mr. Walters assumed its publication. EDBJAHSUFILLINOIS MESSENGER, i84o-(?): Edited by Samuel S. Brooks.OLD SOLDIER, 1840: Edited by a Whig general committee; publishedby S. J. Francis and Company. AOLD HICKORY, February i5-November i, 1840: Published by aDemocratic general committee.ATIMES, October 17, 1843-1845: A Democratic paper edited bySamuel S. Brooks. AOLIVE BRANCH, March-fall, 1844: A Whig campaign paper issuedfrom the office of the Journal.WMILLINOIS ADLER UND DEMOCRATISCHER WHIG, May 2i-fall, 1844:A German campaign paper edited by I. A. Arenz and publishedby I. F. Ruhe, Jr. AILLINOIS WASHINGTONIAN, March i, 1845 (?) : Publishedby T. S. Fairchild and C. H. Ray for the Illinois State TemperanceSociety. Andrew McCarmack, S. S. Brooks, John B. Weber,Edmund R. Wiley and James C. Conkling comprised the publishingcommittee. Monthly. HILLINOIS ORGAN, June 24, i848-i85i(?): Established by GeorgeB. Goudy and S. S. Whitehurst, publishers and proprietors, andapparently, editors. The paper was "devoted to temperance,morals, literature, the arts and sciences, general news, and agriculture."Within four months Eli H. Hosea had taken the placeof Goudy, and the temperance cause had become its chief raisond'etre.By its third year D. J. Snow was editor. Volume 3,no. 50, July 19, 1851, is the latest copy available. USF

324 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSILLINOIS UNIONIST AND STATESMAN, 1852-1853: A single copy inthe library of the Chicago Historical Society is vol. i, no. 33, forMarch 9, 1853. It gives J. Snow and Company as editors andpublishers, but does not reveal the politics of the paper. HWESTERN LEADER, January, 1854 (?): Published by J.to further the aims of the Maine LawSnow and CompanyAlliance.DAILY ENTERPRISE, 1854-1855: Edited by Washington Wright;published by Richards and Smith.SMEMENTO, AND ODD-FELLOWS' NORTHWESTERN MAGAZINE,August, i854-i869(?): A fraternal monthly, edited by WilliamRounseville and published by N. C. Nason. Suspended fromJuly, 1856, to April, 1857; then continued by Nason and Hill.Apparently there was another suspension, for vol. 5 endedin March, 1860, and vol. 7 began April 20, 1867, published byN. C. Nason, and edited by N. C. Nason and Samuel Willard.They were still conducting it in 1869. With vol. 3 the title waschanged to Memento and Odd Fellows' Family Magazine. HILLINOIS FARMER, i856-(after 1863): Edited by M. L. Dunlapfrom January, 1860, until after 1863; published by Bailhacheand Baker. Monthly. UAMERICAN ENTERPRISE AND ECLECTIC ADVERTISER, 1856 ( ?) :Issued by J. D. Freeman and H. Magee to advertise Freeman's"patent" medicines.FOLIVE BRANCH, January, 1856 (?): Edited by S W. Hawleyas an organ of the Lutheran church.FCONSERVATIVE, August 14 till fall, 1856: Issued during the presidentialcampaign to favor Millard Fillmore's nomination as acandidate for the presidency.FDAILY INDEPENDENT, 1856-1858: A. M. Garland was editor;Garland and Wheeler were owners and publishers. FrankLeonard was a contributor, and Ben Richards was foreman.Supported Bell and Everett and the ideas of the know-nothingparty in 1856. Wholly independent.REPUBLICAN, February 9, 1857-- (?): John E. Rosette waseditor; Jameson, Ashton and Company, proprietors. The paperwas Republican, but " perfectly independent. ' ' Daily. UILLINOIS STATE DEMOCRAT, 1857-1860: Managed by J. J. Clarksonand edited by Elliott B. Herndon. While it claimed to representDemocracy it combated the " heresies " of Douglas.ILLINOIS STAATS ANZEIGER, i859-i86i(?): Established by Dr.Theodore Canisius, who in 1861 was appointed by PresidentLincoln, consul at Vienna.F

SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTY 325LINCOLN CLARION, June 5-November 27, 1860: A campaign paper,edited and published by E. R. Wiley, Jr.STHEODORA, i86i( ?) : A religious monthly listed in Kenny's AmericanNewspaper Directory for 1861.MASONIC TROWEL, March, i862-i875(?): Edited and published byHarmon G. Reynolds. H. G. Reynolds and Son became publisherslater.HODD FELLOWS UNION, March 20, i866-February 20, 1867: Publishedby Harmon G. Reynolds nad Son, edited by H. G.Reynolds, past Grand Master, and Samuel Willard, secretary.Discontinued at the end of one year. Monthly. HCILLINOIS STAATS DEMOCRAT, 1866-1871 Established and publishedby Christian Lohman.:CAPITAL RECORD AND FAMILY JOURNAL, 1860-1871: Establishedby Ed. A. Wilson, who was editor and publisher during thepaper's career.ILLINOIS ATLAS. 1869-1871: Thomas Lewis was editor and publisherin the first year he was succeeded by Illinois Atlas Company.Independent. EA;LEGAL DIRECTORY, 1869-1873: Established by E. L. and W. L.Grass, who were editors and publishers through the paper'scareer. In 1873it was called Illinois Legal Directory.FREIE KANZEL, 1870: A German evangelical paper edited by A.Schabehorn, and published by C. Lohmann and Company.DIE ZEITUNG, 1870-1871:Lohmann.Established and published by ChristianPOLITICAL CRISIS. 1871 : Established by R. Weber and Sons. Independent.LABOR or LOVE, 1872-1876: A monthly religious publication editedand published by Edwin A. Wilson.ILLINOIS FREIE PRESSE, 1872-1890: For the first four months EdwardRummel, secretary of state, was editor and publisher, supportingthe "liberal movement." Sold to Gehring and Hatze.After a year and a half Fred Gehring became sole proprietorand editor. In 1886 Gehring sold to Charles Bremer; Bremersold to H. Schlange, the proprietor of Stoats Wochenblatt, whodiscontinued the Freie Presse in 1890.USANGAMO MONITOR, i873-i894(?): T. W. S. Kidd was editor andpublisher and seems to have continued the paper until about1894. Established as a weekly; a morning daily was begunin 1877 and called Morning Monitor. Independent.

326 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSYOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION HERALD, i876-(after1881): Monthly.FOOD FOR THE LAMBS, 1876: Issued "four times a month" by EdwinA. Wilson, for those who needed spiritual sustenance betweenthe visitations of the Labor of Love.ATHENEUM, 1877 ( ?) A : monthly literary journal, discontinuedbefore 1881.EVENING GAZETTE, 1878-- (?): A daily, edited and publishedby the Gazette Publishing Company.STAATS WOCHENBLATT, 1878 to date: Established by H. Schlange,who sold to A. Wulff in 1882 and repurchased in 1885. He soldto Sexauer and Patzke in 1900. In 1901 B. F. Sexauer becameeditor and proprietor and has continued so to date.ODD FELLOWS HERALD, August, 1878 to date: Established by A.D. Sanders, this publication has had a somewhat peripateticcareer. Sanders sold to the Bulletin Publication Company ofBloomington in 1883, and the Herald was published by thatcompany in Bloomington until 1885 when F. E. Huddle becameowner. He sold in 1887 to George M. Adams, and Adams, in1892, sold to C. F. Mansfield, who removed the Herald to Mansfield.In 1893it was transferred to Owen Scott, who removedit to Bloomington. In 1894 it was bought by James R. Millerand John H. Sikes, who removed it to Springfield, where it hasremained. In 1903 Mr. Miller died, and the publication hasbeen continued by John H. Sikes and Mrs. Mary P. Miller. Itis the official organ of the I. O. O. F. of Illinois.A. O. H. EMERALD, i879~i88o( ?) + :Organof the Ancient Order ofHibernians. James E. Dunn was editor and publisher. In1882 it had been moved to Chicago, and was dated at Chicagoand Springfield. Publication seems to have suspended late inthe 8os.SUNDAY MAIL, 1879-1880: A short-lived paper edited and publishedby the Mail Company.STATE ARGUS, July 10, 1879 ( ?) Edited by D. W. Lusk : ; publishedby the State Argus Company, of which George N. Blackwas secretary, William Jayne, president. It was named in thesubtitle " a weekly journal of general intelligence, state interests,politics and literature." The contents indicate that specialemphasis was placed on Republican politics.UILLINOIS SYNOPTICAL REPORTER, August, 1879-- (?):A bimonthlylaw journal, edited by J.C. Wells.

STERLING, WHITESIDE COUNTY 327STANFORD, McLEAN COUNTYTRIBUNE, February, i879~March, 1880: A non-partisan paper,edited and published by Shannon Creed.STAUNTON, MACOUPIN COUNTYTIMES, August, 1878, to date: Established by Showman and Lamb,who sold after two months to W. F. Bently. It was publishedand edited by F. L. Blome from 1885 to 1898; T. H. Edwards,1898 to 1904; T. H. and J. J. Edwards, 1904 to 1908; M. W.Meyers, 1909. Bound files dating from 1885 to 1908 in possessionof T. H. Edwards.STEELEVILLE, RANDOLPH COUNTYTIMES, 1875-1876: Edited and published by W. S. West. Printedat the office of the Tamaroa Perry County Watchman.STERLING, WHITESIDE COUNTYTIMES, December, 1854-1857: Established by Charles BoyntonIn 1855 Gratton and Norwood purchased the paper and madeitRepublican. In the spring of 1856 Gratton and Norwoodsold to L. D. Crandall, under whom the Times became Democratic and supported James Buchanan for the presidency.William Hyde was the editor. In the winter of 1856-1857 Worthingtonand Biggert bought the paper, and they continued ituntil its suspension, after about three years. One of the firstcopies is on file in the office of the Gazette. The Times was neutralin politics under Mr. Boynton. FREPUBLICAN, July, 1856-1858+: Established by William Caffrey,who strongly advocated the election of John C. Fremont aspresident. Combined with Gazette. FGAZETTE, 1857-1858+: Established by H. G. Gratton. It wassoon combined with the Republican asREPUBLICAN AND GAZETTE, +1858+: Caffrey and Gratton werejoint publishers until Gratton sold his interest to Walter Nimocks.Caffrey and Nimocks continued only a short time. Nimockstook his share to Kansas, and Caffrey continued the paper underthe name ofGAZETTE, + 1858 to date: In 1861 the Gazette passed into the handsof C. M. Worthington and Company. Shortly afterward, Worthingtonbecame the sole proprietor and later, September, 1870,sold the office to George Terwilliger. Later he sold back toWorthington. In January, 1873, Worthington sold a half interestto W. F. Eastman and the firm became C. M. Worthingtonand Company. In March, 1876, Eastman became sole editorH

328 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSand owner. In four months he sold a half interest to D. J. Jenne.The firm of Eastman and Jenne continued until the spring of1880, when the Sterling Gazette Company was organized.Eastman and Jenne retired and the stock was bought by ChalklyJohn and William R. Cobb. In 1886 Dennis T. Kelly andJohn W. Lee purchased the stock, but their unsuccessful managementbrought the company into the hands of W. F. Eastmanas receiver. He continued to January, 1887. Since that datethe owners have been :Chalkly John and H. L. John, January,1887, several years; C., H. L., and M. D. John, September, 1903 ;Orville P. Bassett and the Sterling Publishing Company, laterthe Sterling Gazette Company, to date. Among the editors ofthe past twenty years have been: W. R. Cobb, Charles M.Worthington, Joe R. Adams, M. D. John, Scott Williams, OrvilleP. Bassett, and Edward S. Hoover, editor in 1908. TheGazette was weekly until 1881, when the daily edition was established.About 1903 a semi- weekly edition replaced the weekly,and March, 1907, the semi-weekly was abandoned. The paperhas been Republican for fifty years. Files are in the office. HWHITESIDE COUNTY ARGUS, 1867 to date (1869): In 1869 W. S.and G. W. Pratt were editors and publishers. The paper wasDemocratic.WHITESIDE CHRONICLE, 1868-1870: A Republican paper, establishedby Theodore H. and Charles M. Mack. Later T. H.Mack purchased the whole paper. In 1870 he changedit to theSTANDARD, 1870 to date: Theodore Mack was editor and publisher1883, when he sold a half interest to James W. NewcomerIn 1887 Alfred Bayliss took the place of Mr. Mack; in 1889Thomas Diller bought Mr. Newcomer's interest, and later thatof Mr. Bayliss. He then took Eugene B. Fletcher into partnership.In 1906 A. L. Richmond bought the paper and has sincethat time published and edited it. In 1892 the paper wasmade a daily. There was also a semi-weekly edition, whichwas abandoned in 1908. The paper is Republican. HURECORD, 1870-1871 A : monthly devoted to miscellany, essays,local items, poetry, and jokes. Conducted only one year byCalvin Martin.ROCK RIVER REVIEW, 1871 :Mack. Monthly.Edited and published by Charles M.WHITESIDE TIMES, 1874 to date (1879): Dated at Sterling and RockFalls. (See under Rock Falls.)BEOBACHTER, 1877 to date: In 1879 and 1880 Carl Strack waseditor and publisher; in 1882 H. Matthey, Jr.; L. Oltmannsafter 1882 to date (1907). German. Democratic.

STREATOR, LA SALLE COUNTY 329CLEAR GRIT, 1877:Edited and published by Ralph W. Norwood.OBSERVER, 1879-1880: Edited and published by Charles Strack.Issued from the office of the Beobachter. An Independent paper.POULTRY BANNER, 1879-1880: A monthly, devoted to poultryraising.J. F. Streeter was editor and publisher.STEWARTSON, SHELBY COUNTYENTERPRISE, 1878-1887+: Edited by Milton A. Bates, 1878; byA. M. Anderson and H. Martin latter half of 1878 ; by H. Martinand C. D. Shumard early in 1879; by W. B. Townsend andHarry Martin last half of 1879; by A. M. Anderson, 1879-1887.In 1887it was changed to the Clipper. It was edited by W. H.Fegan and Zip Wilson for a few months, and by W. H. Fegan1877 to date. An Independent paper.STONE FORT, SALINE COUNTYJOURNAL, i874-i877(?): Edited and published in 1875 by A. J.Alden; in 1876 by J. J. Penny; in 1877 by J. B. Chapman. USTREATOR, LA SALLE COUNTYMONITOR, 1869 to date: Founded by Rutan Brothers. In a fewmonths they sold to F. D. Dalton, who made the paper semiweekly.In 1874 Mr. Dalton sold to Samuel Plumb, whoreturned the paper to weekly form. Mr. Plumb sold to W. W.Bean, who, in May, 1881, founded the daily Monitor. Rowell,1879, gives Cadet and W. B. Taylor as editors and publishers in1879 and the title Monitor-Index in 1880 In 1907 W. W. Beanwas stillconducting the paper, which has always been Republican.FREE PRESS. 1873 to date: Founded by Irving Carrier. After thefirst edition the paper was published by Carrier and Bean. In1874, they were succeeded by Rev. James H. Clark, who in afew months received Walter Hoge as partner. After six monthsMr. Clark sold his interest to Hoge. John.W. Fornof purchaseda half interest, February, 1877. Hoge and Fornof, 1877-1878;Fornof, 1878-1879; Fornof and Hoge, 1879-1884; Skiver andFornof, 1884 to date. The paper had been Republican exceptunder Hoge's management, when it was Democratic. Thedaily was begun in December, 1880. In 1905, the Free PressCompany was incorporated, and in 1907 was stillpublishing theFree Press, with Fornof and Van Skiver as editors.PIONEER, 1875-1877 :Gale and Hodge were editors and publishers1876; W. Hector Gale, 1877. Republican.

330 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSULLIVAN, MOULTRIE COUNTYEXPRESS, January or February, 1857-1866 Edited by :J. D. Mondy,1857-1858; J. H. Waggoner and B. B. Haydon, 1858; J. H.and E. E. Waggoner, 1858; E. E. Waggoner, 1858-1859; J. H.and I. V. Waggoner, 1859; J. H. Waggoner, 1859; Mr. Waggoneras manager and John R. Ecden, editor, 1859-1860. In1860 its publication ceased for awhile. It was revived by AlfredN. Smyser and conducted by him, 1860-1862; FerrymanBrothers, 1 862-1 866 (irregular); Richard Couch, 1866. Changedby Joseph H. Waggoner, who owned the paper in 1866, toDEMOCRAT, 1866-1869+ : Richard Couch and I. D. Ferryman,1866-1869; Thomas M. Bushnell, owing to a chattel mortgage,became proprietor and changed the name toPROGRESS, +1869 to date: Bushfield, proprietor, W. H. Smyser,editor, 1869; P. L. Shutt and Smyser, 1869-1873; W. H. Smyserand W. J. Mize, 1873-1883. W. J. Mize and Company,1884; I. J. Martin and Company, 1891; I. J. Martin, editor,Progress Printing Company publishers in 1895. In 1907 theProgress Printing Company were editors and publishers. Thepaper is Democratic.MOULTRIE COUNTY UNION BANNER, 1863 (i86o?)-i867+ Establishedby W. M. Stanley. W. A. Ballard was editor and manager:for one year. Then Mr. Stanley became proprietor and editor.In 1867 he sold to Alvin P. Greene and J. F. Hughes, whochanged the name toOKAW REPUBLICAN, +1867-1870: The withdrawal of Mr. Hughesin 1868 left Mr. Greene editor and publisher. In 1870 the officewas sold and removed from the county.PLAINDEALER, 1872-1874: B. B. and C. W. Everett were editorsand proprietors. It was traded to P. W. Shutt, who removedthe office to Paris. A Republican paper.MOULTRIE COUNTY CHRONICLE, 1874: Established by Cicero V.Walls. It was continued for eleven weeks in the interest of the"farmers' movement."JOURNAL, 1875 to date (1884) Founded by W. A. Chapman, who:in 1876 sold to A. S. Lindsay and J. W. Rohr. In August, Mr.Rohr retired and J. T. Williams became editor. In 1878-1877Mr. Williams and W. G. Cambridge; 1877, T. L. McGrathand J. C. Stanley; May, 1877-1878, J. C. and W. M. Stanley;1878-1880, J. C. Stanley; 1880, Fred T. Magruder and JamesR. Sedgwick; 1882, Hogg and Bankson; 1884, A. F. Brown.

SYCAMORE, DEKALB UNTY 331SUMNER, LAWRENCE COUNTYLAWRENCE COUNTY PRESS, November, 1875 to date: An Independentpaper, established by James A. Ilger. In April, 1878, hesold to C. P. and W. E. Mock. C. P. Mock retired in July, 1878.W. E. Mock sold in October, i87g(?) to Z. D. French and A. C.Clippinger. They made the paper Republican. After severalchanges in ownership the paper was bought in 1881 by A. C.Clippinger, who made it Independent. W. R. Carlton boughtit in September, 1881, made itRepublican and in 1882 changedit to Sumner Press. Carlton died in 1889, and after variouschanges in management, the Press was bought by T. H. Seed,who conducted it until August i, 1902, when he sold to James I.Wagner, the present editor and publisher.SYCAMORE, DEKALB COUNTYREPUBLICAN SENTINEL, 1854-1858+: Edited by H. A. Hough,1854-1857; Daniel Dustin, 1857-1858. Changed to PFDEKALB COUNTY REPUBLICAN, +1858-1861+: Edited by E. L.Mayo, Z. B. Mayo, and J. A. Simons. It supported Douglas forre-election to the senate. By 1861 the title had been changedto Sentinel, under which name the paper was sold to FTRUE REPUBLICAN, 1857 to date: Edited by C. W. Waite, 1858-1863; H. L. Boies, 1863-1887; F. O. Van Galder, 1887-1899;Edward I. Boies, 1899 to date. Proprietors: C. W. Waite,1857-1858; J. H. Beveridge and Company, 1858-1859; O. P.Bassett, 1859-1862; Mr. Bassett and H. L. Boies, 1862-1865;John Norris and Company, 1865-1868; H. L. Boies, 1868-1874;Boies and Taylor, 1874-1875 ;Boies and Armstrong, 1875-1878;Boies and Peck, 1878-1880; Boies and Hartman, 1880-1884;H. L. Boies and Company, 1884-1887; Van Galder and Boies,1887-1899; Edward I. Boies and C. H. Bucks, 1899-1900; E.I. Boies, 1900-1907; E. I. Boies and A. H. Rasch, 1907 to date.It was issued weekly until December, 1869; since then semiweekly.Files are in the office. From 1861, after the Sentinelwas absorbed, to about the close of the war, the paper was knownas theREPUBLICAN AND SENTINEL, 1861-1865: (See True Republican).Changed back to True Republican. PREFORMER, 1870-1874+: In 1874 Arnold Brothers were editorsand publishers. Monthly. Methodist. Changed toREFORMER AND FREE PRESS, +1874-1876+ Published :by ArnoldBrothers. "A sprightly family paper. Outspoken uponallthe popular sins of the day." It became UPF

332 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFREE METHODIST, +1876-1880+: A Methodist weekly, edited andpublished by D. P. Baker and T. B. Arnold, who moved it fromAurora (which see). In 1880 it was moved to Chicago. CharlesB. Ebey wad editor and S. K. J. Chesbro publisher in 1907Since July 15, 1907, J. T. Logan has been editor and W. B. Rose,publisher. The editors and publishers are elected quadrennially.PEARL, i87i(?) (?): A Sunday school monthly edited andpublished by D. P. Baker and T. B. Arnold.UDEKALB COUNTY FARMER, 1871-1872: Volaski Hix was editor andpublisher. The paper was discontinued after one year.UCITY WEEKLY, 1872-1892: Edited by Volaski Hix, 1872-1878;Hix and Van Galder, 1878-1887; Hix and Sonn, 1887-1893;L. P. Hix, 1893-1902. The paper was changed to the SycamoreTribune, 1902 to date, edited and published since October, 1904,by George L. Anderson. Semi-weekly since April, 1902.Republican.UCHRISTIAN PILGRIM, 1873-1876: Non-sectarian monthly, "opposedto all the sins, superfluities, and formalism of the age." M. F.Manley and N. T. Frame were editors; Baker and Arnold,publishers.FREE PRESS, 1878-1879:and Russell.TALLULA, MENARD COUNTYA daily established by Davis, Manning,ENTERPRISE, 1874-1875: Established by Thrapp Brothers; D. H.Cooke was editor and publisher.TAMAROA, PERRY COUNTYEGYPTIAN SPY, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenny's AmericanNewspaper Directory for 1861.PERRY COUNTY WATCHMAN, 1870-1872+ Established by a stock:company with L. E. Knapp and H. W. Adams as editors andpublishers.In 1872 D. C. Barber obtained control of the stockand leased the office to H. F. Montressor, who changed the nametoENTERPRISE, +1872- (?): Short-lived. The material wasleased to E. W. Koonce, who changed the name toSTAR :( ?)- ( ?) Short-lived. The office went into thehands of F. A. Allison, who established theITEM, ( ?) ( ?) : Mr. Allison was succeeded by CurleeBrothers. After a short time, Mr. Barber sold the office topersons in Murphysboro.PERRY COUNTY WATCHMAN, January, i874-(after 1876): An Independentpaper edited by A. V. Willoughby and Company. UUU

TAYLORVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTY 333PERRY COUNTY PRESS, 1879-1881:An Independent paper, estab-1881 it was removed to DuQuoin,lished by Curlee Brothers. Inwhere itwas issued as the DuQuoin Press.TAMPICO, WHITESIDE COUNTYTORNADO, 1876 to date: Established by A. D. Hill and Charles F.Gifford. During the first year it was printed at Prophetstown.At the end of the first year Mr. Gifford became sole owner, andcontinued so to 1900. A. D. Hill then conducted it for onemonth and sold to George Isherwood, editor and proprietor todate. The paper is Independent. Files are available at theoffice.TAYLORVILLE, CHRISTIAN COUNTYINDEPENDENT PRESS, 1858-1868: Edited by Benjamin Winters.The press on which this paper was printed had done duty inthe office of the Missouri Republican as early as 1808, the firstnumber of which paper was printed on it. In 1831 it was usedin establishing the Sangamo Journal in Springfield, Illinois.Democratic.FJOURNAL, 1859 ( ?) Published by Carr, Van : Kirk, and Company.Short-lived. Democratic.FLAG, July, 1864-1870 + Established :by the Union League, aRepublican political organization, as a party organ. J. D. Goudywas manager and editor. After three weeks, Paul Connerwas put in charge, soon purchased the office and became soleeditor and proprietor, in which capacity he continued untilApril, 1866, when J. J. Squier purchased an interest. The firmremained Conner and Squier until November, 1866, when Squierpurchased Conner's interest, becoming editor and publisher.In November, 1870, he changed the name of the Flag toILLINOIS REPUBLICAN, +November, 1870 to date (1881): W. B.Squier joined his brother, J. J. Squier, on the Republican, and thefirm continued Squier Brothers until March, 1874. Partnershipwas dissolved at this time, J. J. Squier remaining editor andpublisher to date (1881). The paper was Republican. USATURDAY REPUBLICAN: August, 1876 to date (1881): Establishedby John J. Squier; an adjunct to the Illinois Republican, andpublished from that office.CHRISTIAN COUNTY DEMOCRAT, August, 1868-1874+: Establishedwith the support of the Democratic party, by John J. Smith,who remained editor and publisher until November of that year.James Suttle, November, 1868, to September, 1869; S. P. Davisand F. L. Powers, September, i869-February n, 1871. W. T.

334 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMartin then purchased the paper. In May, 1874, the words,Christian County were dropped and the paper has since beenknown as the Taylorville.DEMOCRAT, +1874-1900: Established by W. T. Martin, sole editorand publisher until George W. Weber became a partner August,1875. Mr. Weber retired in June, 1877. January, 1880,Martin sold to Benjamin A. and Philip A. Richards. Richardswas succeeded by J. F. Harner, he by Vincent Foy and he by C.N. Walls. In 1900 the Democrat was bought by the Courierand merged with that paper.UCHRISTAIN COUNTY REAL ESTATE ADVERTISER, 1870: Issued byShumway and Brother. Monthly.INDEPENDENT, March, i875~January, 1876: Established by Messrs.Mallory and Danley, proprietors, with R. V. Mallory as editor.After thirteen numbers, the editor turned over the business toNoyes B. Chapman, who continued the publication, with C. F.Tucker as editor, until July 30, 1875. From that date, M. A.Bates published and edited the Independent until it was discontinuedJanuary 14, 1876. This paper was the organ of the Grangerand Greenback element of Christian county and was revivedas such in March, 1876, under the name ofFARMERS' JOURNAL, March, 1876 to date (1907): Resurrected from,the Independent by Lewis and Brown, publishers and editors.August 31, 1876, the office came into the possession of J.FHarner, and E. W. Anderson became editor. After publishingthe Journal one year, Mr. Harner changed the tone from Grangerand Greenback to Democratic, which it remained till discontinued.In 1880 J. F. Harner and Company were publishersand Anderson and Harner, editors. It was afterwardchanged to Journal; A. D. Webb, editor and proprietor. Itwas discontinued after 1907.THOMSON, CARROLL COUNTYCOURIER, 1867-1873: A Republican paper, edited and publishedin 1869 by D. McCoy. C. E. Brown was editor and publisherin 1870-1871 ;Peter Holman and Company, 1872-1873. Printedat the office of the Lanark Carroll County Gazette.JOURNAL, 1873-1876: Edited and published by Peter Holman;printed at the office of the Fulton Journal. A Republican paper.NEWS, 1873 to date (1874): Edited and published by Dode Green.VILLAGE ECHO, 1874 to date (1876): A Republican paper editedand published by W. G. Tate. Printed at the office of the MountCarroll Carroll County Mirror.

TISKILWA, BUREAU COUNTYTOULON, STARK COUNTY 335INDEPENDENT, February, i856-May, 1857 Independent in :politics.Established by George L. Karl (George Hall ?).REGISTER, September, 1876-1877: Established by D. B. Sherwood.TOLEDO, CUMBERLAND COUNTYREGISTER, September, 1876-1877: Established by D. B. Sherwood.DEMOCRAT, 1859 to date: In 1907 George Barton and L. M. Woodwere editors and publishers. Democratic in politics.TOLONO, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYCITIZEN, 1869-1870: Established by John S. Harper, editor andpublisher. Printed at the office of the Homer Journal.HERALD, 1875 to date: Established by E. J. and E. B. Chapin. E.J. Chapin, the father, was publisher, the son was editor. In1877 the proprietorship passed to E. B. Chapin. In 1891 hesold to A. B. Campbell, who is still editor and publisher. Thepaper has always been Republican.TONICA, LA SALLE COUNTYREGISTER, 1870-1871: Established and conducted by O. J. andL. W. Dimmick.LOCAL, i87i-i877(?): Edited by Little and Taylor, 1871-1873:Alfred Heath, 1874-1876; William A. Flint, 1877.NEWS, 1874 to date: In 1878, under the management of J. W.Richardson and William A. McGrew, it was made a strictly localpaper. In 1879 Mr. Richardson was editor, and Richardsonand McGrew were publishers. In 1883 Mr. Richardson becamesole owner and continued publication to 1901, when he took hisan edition for Lostant hasson into partnership. Since 1878been published, called the Lostant Local. A completefile ofthe News since 1878 is kept, bound, in the office, and another atthe house of J. W. Richardson. The La Salle County historystates that the News was started as a semi-monthly in 1872,by C. M. Kellar, who enlargedit in 1873 and in 1875 sold it toWilliam A. McGrew, J. W. Richardson purchasing a halfinterest in 1878.TOULON, STARK COUNRY:PRAIRIE ADVOCATE, 1856-1857+ Established by John G. Hewittand John Smith, the latter retiring soon. In spring of 1857 Mr.Hewitt sold to Rev. R. C. Dunn, who changedit toSTARK COUNTY NEWS, + 1857-1860: Mr. Dunn soon sold to Messrs.Henderson and Whitaker, and its publication was continuedsomewhat irregularly by Dr. S. S. Kaysbier.U

336 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSTARK COUNTY UNION, 1861 : Established on the ruins of the StarkCounty News, in the fall of 1861, by W. H. Butler, whoabandoned the enterprise after a few months. Neutral inpolitics.STARK COUNTY NEWS, 1863 to date: Established by S. S. Kaysbierin the office of the original Stark County News. Mr. Kaysbierpublished it from the spring of 1863 to January i, 1864, when hetook into partnership Oliver White. In the first number publishedby the two partners, White had a brief editorial on Lincolnas a candidate for a second term as president. This is said to bethe first public mention of Lincoln's name in this connection inthe whole country. From the summer of 1864 to the fall of 1868White conducted the paper alone; fall of 1868, to spring of1869, White and Joseph Smethurst; spring of 1869 for a fewmonths Joseph Smethurst and Edwin Butler. ,Edwin Butler,from fall of 1869 till after 1884; G. A. Monteith, 1891; CharlesT. Henderson, editor, J. E. Henderson, publisher in 1895. Republicanin politics.STARK COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1860: the organ of the Douglas Clubof Stark County during the campaign of 1860. First appearedin July, 1860; Mr. Schallenberger, editor. Democratic in politics;its career ended with the defeat of Douglas in 1860.STARK COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1867 (?) + Established :by a companyof Democrats, August, 1867; Seth Rockwell, publisher,M. Schallenberger, editor. Rockwell was succeeded after oneyear by Benjamin W. Seaton. Schallenberger after two yearswas also succeeded by Seaton, who took entire control andchanged the name of the paper toPRAIRIE :CHIEF, +1869-1872+ Mr. Seaton conducted the paperuntil April, 1872, when Henry M. Hall succeeded him and renamedthe paperNEW ERA, +1872-1875: Henry M. Hall was editor and publisher.MOLLY STARK, 1876 (?): Published by Oliver White. Republicanin politics. Tri-weekly.HERALD, 1878-1880+ Edited and published by E. H. Phelps,:who removed it to Wyoming in 1880. He sold it in 1883 to ArthurHotchkiss, who in turn sold to William R. Sandham in 1885.Sandham combined it with the Post. Semi-weekly. Republican.TREMONT, TAZEWELL COUNTYTAZEWELL WHIG, 1835-1848: Edited by Briggs and Farnham;later by P. H. Thompson (see Mirror, Pekin). Vol. 3 is in theWithers Public Library, Bloomington. B

TUSCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTY 337TAZEWELL DEMOCRAT, October, 1843 (?): Edited by W. H.Leonard; published by J. A. Nason.TRENTON, CLINTON COUNTYCOURIER, 1873-1875 Edited and published by E. H. EllifL:TROY, MADISON COUNTYWEEKLY BULLETIN, February, 1873-1884: Established by JamesN. Jarvis, who continued the publication to 1881. Then he soldto George Armstrong and Joseph S. Umberger. In three monthsthey sold to Henry B. Morris.?. In 1882 Morriss sold to Dr. F. A.Sabin. In September, 1883, Mr. Jarvis established the TroyRecord, and in the spring of 1884 bought the BMetin, merged thetwo plants and discontinued the publication of the Bulletin. Themotto of the paper was, "Independent in all things;nothing."neutral inFiles from 1873-1881, excepting that of 1876, accidentallydestroyed, are in the possession of Mr. Jarvis.TURNER JUNCTION, DuPAGE COUNTYNEWS, i87i-i884(?): J. Russell Smith was editor and publisher,1871-1883; J. J Dunkelberg, 1884. Printed at the office ofthe Wheaton Illinoisan.TUSCOLA, DOUGLAS COUNTYPRESS, 1 859- (short-lived) : Proprietor left between two days.SHIELD, i86i(?): Listed, without details, in Kenny's AmericanNewspaper Directory for 1861.JOURNAL, 1864 to date: Established by Siler and Amasa S. Lindsey,who were succeeded by Williams in 1876. It was edited andpublished in 1879 by C. M. Walls. In 1881 George Glasscoconducted the paper; afterward, "Tom" Williams and a Mr.Glassco. It was owned and conducted in 1898 by A. C.Sluss. In 1907 C. R. Truitt was editor and publisher. Republican.DOUGLAS COUNTY SHIELD, 1865-1867: Established byBrothers.the SellersDemocratic.UNION, - (?) (?): Established by a Mr. Gregory. Not asuccess.INDEPENDENT STATESMAN, 1868 to date (1889): Edited and publishedby A. Sellers.DOUGLAS COUNTY REVIEW, 1875 to date: Established by Converseand Parks. In 1877 Colonel Phecian became editor. He wassucceeded in six months by Major Asa Miller, who managed thepaper up to 1892, when he sold to Charles W. Wilson. Democratic,yet popular among Republicans.GAZETTE, 1872-1875 O. B. Lester was editor and :publisher.

338 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSUPPER ALTON, MADISON COUNTYQui VIVE, i868-i877(?): A college paper, edited by the studentsof Shurtleff College. Monthly.COLLEGE REVIEW, i879~(?): Frank J. Merchant and John L.Pearson, editors. Issued by Shurtleff College students. Monthly.(See Alton for other papers.)URBANA, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYUNION, 1852-1862: Established by William N. Coler and H. K.Davis; edited by W. N. Coler, 1852-1853; J. O. Cunninghamand Benjamin Roney, 1853-1854; in 1854 Roney disappearedand George N. Richards entered the firm. In 1855 he sold toGeorge W. Flynn. A branch office was opened in West Urbana,now Champaign, in 1857. In 1858 the paper was sold to DavidS. and Charles E. Crandall, who moved it to Champaign in 1859.In 1852 the Union advocated the election of Pierce for president,but in 1856 it took grounds with the anti-slavery party and wasthereafter Republican. Files of the Union from vol. i, no. 37,to August, 1858, are in possession of J. O. Cunningham ofUrbana.FOUR CONSTITUTION, July, 1856-1859: A Democratic paper establishedby Jacob Zimmerman and George N. Richards, with theformer as editor. In the fall of 1859 the paper was removed toChampaign and soon discontinued. Files complete owned byJ. O. Cunningham.CLARION, October, 1859-1860: Established by Erastus A. Mungerand Lyman E. Knapp. Sold to William Munhall, who changedit from a neutral to a Democratic paper and the name to HickoryBoy. Partial files owned by J. O. Cunningham.HICKORY BOY, 1860-1861 Published :by William Munhall andedited by J. W. Jaquith. Supported Douglas in the campaignof 1860. Partial files owned by J. O. Cunningham.CHAMPAIGN COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1861-1862+ Published by WilliamMunhall. The name of the Democrat was changed :November,1862, toCHAMPAIGN COUNTY PATRIOT, +1862-1865: But was publishedunder both names by William Munhall as an ardent Union organand supporter of Lincoln. Suspended about the close of theCivil War, and material used in the publication of theCHAMPAIGN COUNTY JOURNAL, January, 1866-1867: A Democraticpaper established by Daniel McKenzie and George W.Gere. Sold in April to Jarvis D. Hurd; after one year B. B.Andrews bought an interest. Suspended in the autumn of 1867

UTICA, LA SALLE COUNTY 339ILLINOIS DEMOCRAT, 1867-1871 :P. Lochrie was editor and publisher.:TOCSIN, 1869-1870+ Established and published by Frank M.Snyder; M. W. Mathews was editor. In 1870 changed toREPUBLICAN, +1870-1878; 1880: Published and edited by FrankM. Snyder. Burned in October, 1871, publication was resumedin December; burned in 1874 and again resumed; burned in1878 and suspended until 1880, when publication was resumedand continued some months. Then the property was sold toRev. David Gay, who soon removed it.STUDENT, November, 1871-1873+: A monthly, edited and publishedby students in the Illinois Industrial University. Atthe beginning of Vol. 3 the name was changed toILLINI, + January, 1874 to date: Edited and published by studentsin Illinois Industrial University, later University of Illinois. Noplace of publication was indicated after the change of name untilthe beginning of vol. 10, September 16, 1880. Then the Illiniwas issued from Champaign, and became semi-monthly. Withvol. 23, beginning September 16, 1893, it became weekly; withvol. 29, beginning September 20, 1899, it became tri-weekly;with vol. 32, beginning September 17, 1902, it became dailyfive days a week, increased to six with vol. 35, beginning September20, 1905. Beginning with vol. 34, the Illini has beenin Urbana. UpublishedYOUNG AMERICA. i872(?)- (?): An amateur monthly publishedin 1872 by Gregory and Smith.CHAMPAIGN COUNTY HERALD, 1877-1906+: Established by S. C-Harris and Andrew Lewis. After a few weeks Lewis bought outHarris. In 1879 he sold to M. W. Mathews and C. B. Taylor-In 1 88 1Taylor sold to Mathews, who continued editor and publisheruntil his death in 1892. Judge J. O. Cunningham has said :" Mr. Mathews gave to the Herald a reputation second to no countrypaper in the state of Illinois, and achieved for himself a highreputation as a newspaper man." Through most of the timethat Mr. Mathews was editor, L. A. McLean was managerand an editorial writer. Mr. McLean became editor in 1892and continued until 1902. He was succeeded by John Gray.In 1906 the papei was merged with the Courier (established1894) as Courier-eraldH ,F. E. Pinkerton and G. W. Martin,editors.UTICA, LA SALLE COUNTYENTERPRISE, 1876-1877: Established by D. L. Hennessey; printedin Peru ;discontinued after one year. Monthly.UU

340 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVANDALIA, FAYETTE COUNTYILLINOIS :INTELLIGENCER, +1820-1832+ Moved from Kaskaskia toVandalia where Elijah C. Berry was succeeded by a brother, WilliamBerry, and William H. Brown. The Intelligencer for February15, 1823, contained a severe criticism of the conventionlegislators, written by Brown. To the article was appended anote: "The above 'extraordinary legislative proceedings' havebeen published by my partner, Wm. H. Brown, esq., withoutmy approbation, and shall be answered next week. WilliamBerry." The next number bears Blackwell's name instead ofBrown's and contains signed articles by William Berry, Wm.H. Brown, and R. Blackwell, explaining the change. The papernow became pro-slavery. For some time between March 19,and May 7, 1824, Berry was financially embarrassed and thepaper was suspended for a short time. Governor Coles furnishedDavid Blackwell money to run the paper, and stipulatedthat it should support the anti-convention party. Samuel D.Lockwood was editor, representing Coles, but his name doesappear in the paper. On the surface, Berry disposed of hisinterest to David Blackwell, whose prospectus asserting that hewould "give his uniform opposition" to the convention waspublished May 14. David Blackwell published the Intelligenceruntil February 4, 1825, when Robert Blackwell and Company,printers to the state and publishers of the laws of the UnitedStates, became the publishers. With the number for June 24,1825, Robert Blackwell alone became publisher. With RobertBlackwell's return to control, the paper again became friendlyto slavery. Judge James Hall bought a half interest January17, 1829, and was editor until 1832, when he left Illinois. Thepaper supported Adams, but " felt no animosity to Jackson andstood ready to do the same justice to him as to Adams." InMarch, 1832, Hall sold to Sherman and Greiner, owners ofIllinois Whig, and the two papers were combined, with S. C.Sherman as editor.EMWUHSAVANDALIA INTELLIGENCER 1 1822 : Established, by anti-conventionistsled by Governor Coles and Daniel P. Cook. Edited byDavid Blackwell, Secretary of State.ILLINOIS MONTHLY MAGAZINE, October, i83o-September, 1832:The first literary periodical published in Illinois. It was conductedby James Hall, and for one yearit was published at Vandalia,where it was printed by Robert Blackwell, public printer.After the first year the magazine was issued from Cincinnati In1This item, found in the earlier edition of this bibliography, is apparentlybased on a misconception. There is no evidence to show that such a paper everexisted. F. W. S.

VANDAlETTE COU>January, 1833, Judge Eal! moved to CincinlishedThe Western :zine, aIllinois Monthly Magazine unt"chief contributor, and in si: .Notes on :and Manners, and Customs of i.'tional topics, stories such as Th.Lament, The Money Diggpoems, he re;ideal suggested in an article 01 -hirh he pub;in the number for April, 1831: "0 rs have Informaland stately, and fastidious Instead of theinfinite variety of topics, which once gave interest to wo:this description, nothingis now admitted but reviews, I. . .poetry. Nothing will go down but trifles, cold, f

,Register,.Berry340>ISVANOALIA, FAYETTE COUNTYHISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSR, + 1820-1832 4- Moved from Kaskaski:.. i iVan. jah C. Berry was succeeded by a brother, Vad William H. Brown. The Intelligencer for F,ruur utained a severe criticism of the convei.Brown. To the article was appen\traordinar y legislative proceedings'd by my Wm. partner, H. Brown, esq., wind"shall be answered next week. Wi.aber bears Blackwell's name insteadsigned articles by William Berry, Wm.ATI, and R. Blackwell, explaining the change. The paperame pro-slaver}'For some time between Marchwas financially embarrassed am!a short time. Governor Coles furellmoney to run the paper, and stipulatesupport the anti-convention party. Samuel Iliter, representing Coles, but his name// / WroP n J4frW f #

VANDALIA, FAYETTE COUNTY 341January, 1833, Judge Hall moved to Cincinnati, where he publishedThe Western Monthly Magazine, a Continuation of theIllinois Monthly Magazine until December, 1835. Hall was thechief contributor, and in such articles as Notes on Illinois, Peopleand Manners, and Customs of the West, and in essays on educationaltopics, stories such as The Missionaries, The Indian Wife'sLament, The Money Diggers, and many poems, he realized theideal suggested in an article on Periodicals which he publishedin the number for April, 1831: "Our editors have become tooformal and stately, and fastidious. . . . Instead of theinfinite variety of topics, which once gave interest to works ofthis description, nothing is now admitted but reviews, tales andpoetry.. . .Nothingwill go down but trifles, cold, formal,and empty. ... I am much better pleased with the goodold-fashioned magazines .... within whose well furnishedpages, the reader, whatever might be his taste, was sure to findsomething agreeable." Among those who helped to satisfy inthe pages of the Monthly the varied tastes of Illinoisans wereMorris Birkbeck, John M. Peck, Governor Edward Coles, Dr.Asa Fitch, George Russell, and Salmon P. Chase. "The IllinoisMonthly Magazine was one of the most typical of the westernjournals," remarks William C. Cairns, in his monograph Onthe Development of American Literature jrom 1815 to 1833."Raw and crude as the West was. there is a fin de siecle toneto these publications that is not found in the eastern magazines."Vol. i is in the Champaign Public Library. HLILLINOIS WHIG, 1831-1832+ Edited by S. C. Sherman. It became:VANDALIA WHIG AND ILLINOIS INTELLIGENCER, -(-March 28, 1832-i834(?): A combination of Illinois Whig and Illinois Intelligencer.Greiner and Sherman were editors and publishers in1832-1833; S. C. Sherman in 1834. Continued until 1839,according to the Wisconsin list. No copies later than 1834 arefound.SAEHGAZETTE, 1831 (?).ILLINOIS ADVOCATE, + January 5,-April 13,:1833+ A Whig papermoved from Edwardsville by John York Sawyer. Titlechanged toILLINOIS ADVOCATE AND STATE REGISTER, +April 13, i833-April15, 1835+: Conducted under this title by John York Sawyeruntil April 15, 1835, when title was changed toILLINOIS ADVOCATE, + April 15, i835~March 8, 1836+: Semiweekly.Continued by John York Sawyer until his death, March8, 1836, when the property was bought by William Walters andthe publication resumed asESHAUASH

342 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSILLINOIS STATE REGISTER AND ILLINOIS ADVOCATE, + March 25-June 17, 1836+: Published by William Walters as a Democraticorgan. He dropped Illinois Advocate from the title, andsubstitutedSHAILLINOIS STAIE REGISTER AND PEOPLE'S ADVOCATE, +June 24,:i836-August 2, 1839+ Walters continued the publication in thesupport of Democracy until August 2, 1839, when it was movedto Springfield, where publication was resumed on August io( ?),1839, as Illinois State Register. Walters did the public printingunder contract with Seth T. Sawyer for the benefit of the widowof John York Sawyer, until at the legislative session of 1836-1837, Walters was elected public printer. SAEstab-ILLINOIS STATE REGISTER, February u-March 18,:1836+ lished by William Walters, and by him combined with IllinoisAdvocate on March 25, 1836. SFREE PRESS, May 13, 1836-1837+: William Hodge was editor,Hodge and Shrader, publishers. Between March and October,1837, the title was changed to AHFREE PRESS AND ILLINOIS WHIG, + i837-i84i(?): William Hodgewas editor and publisher until the fall of 1839, when Hodge andAbbott were publishers. The paper was suspended for a whilein the fall of 1839. It seems that James Kennaday bought thepaper in 1841 and discontinued it for about two years.FREEMAN, June, 1842-- (?): Edited and published by JamesKennaday. This paper was violently opposed to Ford's candidacyfor governor. It accused him of being a Mormon sympathiserand in favor of transferring fourteen northern counties to Wisconsin,that they might escape the state debt. Duncan was itscandidate. Probably short lived, or became Free Press. AFREE PRESS, 1843-- (?): A revival of the earlier Free Press.James Kennaday was publisher, Q. C. Alexander and JamesKennaday editors until July 20, 1844, when Alexander withdrew.Violently Whig.HOLIVE LEAF, 1843-1845: Edited by Kellam and Lothrop. It wasa Baptist journal but also had a secular department.ILLINOIS SENTINEL, November 8, i839-i846(?): Edited by JohnMcDonald. Democratic. ABAPTIST HELMET, November 8, i844-i845(?): Established by S.K. Kellam, who at first was editor and publisher. E. W. Youngsoon became associated with Kellam in publishing the HelmetAccording to its motto, the paper was " devoted to religious truthand practical godliness." It gave much space to general news,and was unusually moderate and sane.HH

VANDALIA, FAYETTE COUNTY 343FAYETTE YEOMAN AND RAILROAD JOURNAL, June 23, i849-(afterMay 3, 1851): Established, edited, and published by JamesKennaday. Eminently insipid. It was friendly to the administration,but shows no traces of political interest. Before No.19 the title was changed by dropping and Railroad Journal. HAGE OF STEAM AND FIRE, 185 2-1 854 + ( ?) Edited and published in:August, 1853, by H. P. H. Bromwell, who either discontinuedit or changed the title to Age of Steam. FAGE OF STEAM, April 9, 1854-1855+: Apparently established byH. P. H. Bromwell, it was by the seventh number published byMorras and Russell, with W. P. Morras as editor. Then Morraswithdrew, and after a brief suspension Thomas J. Russell alonecontinued the publication with no. 9, which appeared July 15,1854, until after June 23, 1855. Disclaiming political partibanshtp,the paper showed Whig tendencies, but was especially notablefor its distinctly literary tone. It is said in the history ofFayette county that the paper passed into the possession of H.1P. H. Bromwell, who styled it Age of Steam and Fire, and thathe later sold to Tevis Greathouse, who changed the name toFAYETTE OBSERVER, +1855-1862: Edited by Tevis Greathouse(with a brief intermission during which time it was edited by Mr.Davis), 1855-1859; Messrs. Sturgess and Hickman, 1859-1862.It represented Democracy until 1860 when it became Republican.FFAYETTE DEMOCRAT, 1858 to date: Founded by some leading Democratsof the place, and placed under the management of Messrs.Carman and Flynn. The publication was very irregular untilit came into the hands of Charles G. Smith in 1863. CharlesG. Smith and Son are the present editors and publishers.VANDALIAN, February 27, 1858-- (?): Edited and publishedby G. B. Miller and N. C. Davis.FUNION, April, 1864 to date: Established by H. S. Humphrey. In1868 Humphrey sold a half interest to Will Richards. Theysold in 1887 to Lon S. Matherly and J. F. Sayles, who sold in1893 to T. N., Ira D., and Jesse Lakin, who under the nameof T. N. Lakin and Sons still conduct the paper. RepublicanḢFAYETTE COUNTY NEWS, February, 1878-1881: H. R. Miller waseditor and publisher. Sold after nearly three years to RudolphErnst, who removed it.Republican. HILLINOIS MEDICAL RECORDER, 1878-1880: R. E. Beach, M.D.,was editor and publisher in 1879. Medical monthly.This statement in the county history is probably erroneous. Existingnumbers of the two papers show that Age of Steam and Fire preceded Age ofSteam. A second change is improbable. P. W. S.H

344 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVARNA, MARSHALL COUNTYCOURIER, 1870-1872: Established by Andrew J. Bell; Bell andWilson were editors and publishers in 1872.JOURNAL, 1872 :VERMONT, FULTON COUNTYEdited and published by E. F. Baldwin.WATCH TOWER, i86i(?): Listed without details in Kenny's AmericanNewspaper Directory for 1861.CHRONICLE, i87o-i879(?)-i88i to date. Established by George L.and Edward P. Durell. F. P. Hallowell was editor for four orfive months, when George L. Durrell purchased his brother'sinterest and became editor and proprietor. W. L. Ketchumpurchased the paper in 1879, but withdrew in a short time. G.L. Durell resumed his former post. Later (in 1879) A. D. Staplefordwas editor and publisher. The paper was evidentlydiscontinued, and in 1881 revived by E. P. and G. L. Durell.Republican. In 1907 C. M. Mercer was editor and publisher.HERALD, 1869-1870: A Republican paper edited and published byE. C. Bennet.VERSAILLES, BROWN COUNTYWEEKLY INDEPENDENT, July, 1877-1878: Twenty-nine numberswere published at irregular intervals. Walker and Mehl wereeditors and proprietors.VIENNA, JOHNSON COUNTYEGYPTIAN ARTERY, 1865-1872+: Wright and Company wereeditors and publishers. Republican. Name changed toJOHNSON COUNTY HERALD, +1873: Published by Wright andCompany. Republican.JOHNSON COUNTY JOURNAL, 1874 to date (1891): A. J. Alden waseditor and publisher in 1874-1875; W. E. Chitwood was editor,J. J. Penny, publisher, 1876; J. B. Chapman, 1877; Milton A.Smith, 1879-1891. Independent. By 1891it had become anexponent of Prohibition. In 1881 this paper was dated alsofrom New Burnside.JOHNSON COUNTY YEOMAN, 1874 to date (1879): John T. Keithwas editor and publisher in 1876; T. G. Farris, Jr., 1877-1879.Democratic.UNEWS, 1873-1874: George W. Johnston was editor and publisher.TIMES, 1879 to date: A. K. Vickers and Brother were editors andpublishers in 1880; Edward Morton. 1882; T. J. Parker, 1884.In 1885 William Henry Gilliam and G. W. Ballance bought thepaper. W. H. Gilliam was editor and publisher in 1891 and isso at present. Republican.U

VIRDEN, MACOUPIN COUNTYVIRGINIA, CASS COUNTY 345RECORD, August, 1866, to date: Established by Reynolds and Milton.After six months of intermittent solvency they sold to a Mr.Johnson, who in October sold one half interest to W. F. Thompson,and in November sold the other half to E. L. Rich.Thompson bought out Rich in 1870, and in 1879 was still ownerand publisher. In August, 1885, Thompson sold a half interestto E. P. Kimball, and in 1887 Kimball became and has continuedsole owner and editor. Neutral, then Democratic.NEWS, April, 1872-1874: Established by R. H. Ballinger and JohnFrank. Publication ceased after a year. Revived by A. M.Barker, April, i873(?) and continued tillAugust, 1874. ARepublican paper.CONSERVATIVE, March- June, 1868: Edited and owned by GeorgeH. Holliday and published by the Macoupin Printing Company.A Democratic paper.REPORTER, 1879 to date: Established by A. M. Barker, who publishedit one year; then A. G. David and Company one year;E. P. Kimball, one year; B. Brown one year; then George H.Sewall until 1897, when he sold to John R. Underwood, who stillis editor and publisher. A Republican paper.VIRGINIA, CASS COUNTYOBSERVER, April 12, 1848-1849: A Democratic paper established"by Henry H. Hall, and two or three other young men, for theadvancement of the town." Mark W. Delahay was editor, andA. S. Tilden after a time did the rest of the work connected withissuing the paper, John J. Ingalls assisted Delahay for a fewweeks. At the end of a year the plant was sold to Tilden, whoremoved it to Naples.UOWL, 1848-1849: A scandal-mongering "society" paper publishedin the winter of 1848-1849 by a compositor named Dedrich.CASS COUNTY TIMES, September 9, 1856-1859: Established byRichard S. Thomas as a neutral in politics to promote the interestsof a proposed railroad of which he was president. He sold earlyin 1858 to John Bradley Thompson, who employed Rev. J. S.McDowell to edit, and Robert M. Taggart to publish the sheet.This arrangement continued until late in 1858, when Thompsonsold to Taggart. In the fall of 1859 the paper was suspendedand the plant reverted to Thomas, who sold it to HezekiahNaylor.CASS COUNTY INDEPENDENT, January, i86o-April ;1861 : Establishedby Hezekiah Naylor and Lafayette Briggs. At first thepaper was neutral in politics, but Briggs soon withdrew to permit

346 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNaylor to make it radically Republican. R. S. Thomas was atthis time, according to Dr. John F. Snyder, editor sub-rosa.The paper suspended publication in April, 1861, and was removedby Naylor to Pekin.CASS COUNTY UNION, August, 1860-1864: Founded by Democrats,including Jacob Dunaway, Jacob Ward, William Petefish;edited and managed by Lafayette Briggs. Briggs left the paperin 1863 and was succeeded by Stearns DeWitt Rich, who stayedby the paper until its death in the spring of 1864.CASS COUNTY DEMOCRAT, May 8, 1866-1868+: Established byM. B. Friend, editor and publisher, backed by N. B. Beers,Sam Petefish, and "Bill" Easley. After six months M. B.Friend and Charles H. Whitaker were publishers and proprietors,but Whitaker soon passed on. In June, 1867, Friend sold toJames A. Martin, and the paper was then issued by Martin andJohn W. Gill. Gill soon disappeared. O. T. Roderick becamepublisher, J. K. Vandemark, editor. Roderick and Vandemarksoon disappeared. Martin withdrew his support as ". proprietor, ' 'and N. B. Beers and Company leased the establishment to J. G.Fuss and J. N. Gridley. Fuss was editor and Gridley businessmanager. To avoid complications with Martin, who indicateda desire to continue a paper under the title of Democrat, the namewas changed by Fuss and Gridley toCASS COUNTY TIMES, +1868- January, 1870: Conducted by J. G.Fuss, editor, and J. N. Gridley, manager, until November, 1869,after which date it was continued by Beers and Company, withJ. K. Vandemark as editor until January, 1870.CASS COUNTY COURIER, July 25, 1866-1870+ A :Republican paperestablished by John S. Harper, editor. After a few numbersL. S. Allard appeared as editor and proprietor. In 1867 heturned the paper over to LeRoy Carpenter, who was succeededthe nameby H. C. Allard, son of L. S. Allard in 1868, and in 1870was changed toVIRGINIA COURIER, +November, i87o-October, 1871 +:ByOctober, 1871, H. C. Allard had become owner as well as editor,and the name was changed back toCASS COUNTY COURIER, + October, 1871-1872+: Allard sold aninterest in the paper to N. M. Purviance, but soon boughtit back.The paper declined. Allard sold a half interest to MatthewSummers in 1872, and they continued the paper asGAZETTE, + February 23, 1872 to date: W. M. Summers and H.C. Allard were editors and publishers. March 14, 1873, Allardsold to Summers. In August, 1875, Summers sold an interesttoJoseph Anderson, who became associated with Summers as

VIRGINIA, CASS COUNTY 347one of the publishers. Summers died late in 1875 or early in 1876.The paper suffered a brief suspension, but resumed on February26, 1876, with A. M. Brownlee and H. C. Allard as editors.Allard withdrew in August, 1877; Brownlee sold to TrevanyonL. Mathews and a Mr. Thacker; Mathews, 1878; H. C. Allard,1879-1881. Allard sold in April, 1881, to C. M. Tinney, whohas conducted the Gazette since that time. Republican.JEFFERSONIAN, April 2, i87o-December, 1873: Established byJohn J. Bunce and run by him alone for eighteen months; thenby Bunce and S. L. Gannaway until September, 1872; then byBunce until the paper was discontinued, December 26, 1873.Democratic.ENQUIRER, July 3, 1875 to date: Established by Reemtsen andCompany (Reemtsen and John S. Harper). After nine weeksHarper was alone as editor and publisher. He sold in Novemberto a syndicate composed of Nace Skiles, Bill Easley," "Charles A. Crandall, Cash Whitney, Sam Petefish and others,and the paper was continued by Thomas M. Thompson, editor;J. J. Bunce, publisher; Charles A. Crandall, manager. Aftera few weeks the syndicate sold to W. T. Dowdall; William T.Dowdall and Company became publishers and Forrest H.Mitchell manager in January, 1876. R. E. Lauren succeededMitchell in September. Dowdall sold to John Frank, March23, 1877, and J. M. Beatty became editor for a short time.Frank left in September, 1882; R. H. Norfolk was editor untilMarch 29, 1884; then J. M. Beatty until November 15, 1890,when he sold to Charles A. and William A. Schaffer. The lastnamed dropped out in April, 1891; in September 26, 1891,Charles A. Schaffer sold to Finis E. Downing. He was succeededby his son H. F. Downing, September 7, 1899, who was editorand publisher until March 2, 1903, when Downing and AlbertE. Hinners became editors and publishers. Democratic.A daily was started September 23, 1881, but continued threedays only.TEMPERANCE BUGLE, July, i876-February 27, 1879: Establishedby Albert F. Smith as a monthly. After eight numbers it wasissued semi-monthly, December i, i876-August i, 1878, thenweekly.HARPER'S WEEKLY HERALD, May 21, 1878-1879: Established byJ. Sterling (otherwise John S.) Harper " as an advertising sheetespecially, and a political feeler in general." Moved away inthe summer of 1879.

348 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWALNUT, BUREAU COUNTYMOTOR, July, 1876, to date (1898): Established by S. J. Townsend.In 1879 Vosburgh and Chaddock were editors and publishers.John I. Vosburgh was editor and publisher in 1880; in 1882,C. G. Glenn. In 1883 the paper passed into the hands ofWilliam Wilson, who was stillconducting it in 1891 W. S.;Mayhall in 1895-1898. Files of Motor were burned in July,1890. Independent.WARREN, JO DAVIESS COUNTYREPUBLICAN, 1856-1857: Published one year by C. W. Blaisdell.Favored Fremont's nomination in 1860.INDEPENDENT, 1857-1866: Started by Freeman A. Tisdell, Sr.,and Thomas E. Champion; George A. Randall, editor. Afterseveral changes Herst C. Gann became editor and proprietor.Changed toHerst C. Gann continued as editor andSENTINEL, +1866 to date:publisher. In 1900 the paper joined with the Leader to becomethe Sentinel-Leader. The Sentinel-Leader Printing Company,Herst C. Gann, president, are the present editors and publishers.A Republican paper. Files are in the office.WARSAW, HANCOCK COUNTYWESTERN WORLD, 1840-1841+: Edited by D. N. White. Whig.Changed toSIGNAL, +1841-1843: Edited by T. C. Sharp. Whig. In 1843 theoffice came into the possession of Thomas Gregg and WilliamY. Patch, and they issued the LEMESSAGE, + January, 1843-1844+: A Whig paper. In 1844 theoffice and material reverted to Mr. Sharp, who, sometimes aloneand sometimes with a partner, published theLFSIGNAL, +-1844-1847+: Sharp and Galloway, 1845; Gregg andMiller, 1847-1850. In 1850it was sold to James McKee, of theNauvoo Patriot, and he established the WarsawCOMMERCIAL JOURNAL, +1850-1853+: Mr. McKee sold it to Dr.Rankin and he removed it to La Harpe, where it was known asthe Hancock Democrat, (which see.) In 1851 Mr. Gregg procuredan old press and some material and revived theHLSIGNAL, +1851-1853+ In 1853 : it was sold to T. C. Sharp andits name was changed to theLEXPRESS, +1853-1855: Issued weekly and edited by T. C. Sharp.He sold it to G. G. Galloway.

WASHINGTON, TAZEWELL COUNTY 349HANCOCK DEMOCRAT, 1844, four issues: Printed at the office ofthe Signal for Mr. E. A. Bedell. Its purpose was to advocatethe claims of Jacob C. Davis for Congress, but he failing of thenomination, the paper was discontinued.LTEMPERANCE CRUSADER, 1854: Appeared monthly. Published atExpress office by Mr. Gregg. In a few months it reached acirculation of 1700 copies, mainly through the agency of the Sonsof Temperance. It came to an end by being merged with asimilar sheet published in Chicago.CITY BULLETIN, March 21, 1856 to date: For the first few numbersentitled Bulletin. Its editor was W. K. Davison. He entered thearmy, leaving the paper in charge of John F. Howe, who in 1863allowed it to die. In 1866 it was revived as the Bulletin by F. A.Dallam, who was succeeded by his son, Frank M. Dallam. Thelatter was editor and publisher in 1869. In 1879 another son,Phil Dallam, was editor and publisher, and has so continued.For a short time under Davison the paper was issued as adaily. A Republican paper. ULFHANCOCK NEW ERA, April, 1864-1865: Conducted by Thomas C.LSharp in the interest of the Union Leagues of the county.PUBLIC RECORD, 1865-1867+ Established by a Mr. Lick, who in:1867 was succeeded by Francis Asbury Dallam. He soonchanged the name toHANCOCK DEMOCRAT, +1867-1879: Established by J.M. Paris.Bought by George P. Walker and Cortez Maxwell. Walkerretired after a few months, and Maxwell discontinued the paperin 1879. LCOURIER, 1871-1874: Established by Theo. Bischof. Printed atthe office of the Keokuk Post.WASHBURN, WOODFORD COUNTYREVEILLE, 1872 to date (1884): In 1879 N. V. Maloney was editor.The publishers were the Reveille Publishing Company. Maloney'sname does not appear in 1884. The paper was printedat the office of the Sparland Chronicle. Republican.SENTINEL, 1876 to date (1891): Power and Harl were editors andpublishers, 1877-1879; E. R. Harl, 1880 to the end. A Democraticpaper, printed at the office of the Metamora WoodfordSentinel.WASHINGTON, TAZEWELL COUNTYINVESTIGATOR, i857-about 1860: Established by Dr. A. A. Couchand Albert Parker. Some of the files are in possession of Mrs.J. F. Hoover of Peoria, a daughter of Dr. Couch. F

350 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHERALD, July, 1868 (after 1891): Established by Thomas Handsaker,and conducted by him until his death in 1881. Nudingand Nicolai bought the paper at that time and sold to Mr. Henny.A. H. Heiple bought from Henny and consolidated the Heraldwith the Republican between 1891 and 1895. Independent.Files destroyed.TAZEWELL INDEPENDENT, November, 1876, to date: Establishedby H. A. Pilaster and George N. Bondurant. Bondurant soonsold out. E. E. Heiple became part owner and later sole ownerand editor. Afterward he turned it over to his son, A. H. Heiple,who conducted it under the name Independent, then Republican,and later News, until 1901, when he sold to F. B. Mills; he toC. M. Ritter and Ralph E. Kirby in 1908. February 15, 1909,Ritter sold his interest to Ralph E. Kirby, who is now editor andproprietor.Partial files in News office.WATERLOO, MONROE COUNTYINDEPENDENT DEMOCRAT, 1843-1845+: Edited by Elam Rust.Changed toWAR EAGLE, + i845-1 847 (?): A Democratic paper, also edited byElam Rust. Listed in 1847 as stiU published.PATRIOT, 1852-1858: A Democratic paper edited by a Mr. AbbottIts publication was suspended a short time in 1857-1858. In1856 Abbott sold to H. C. Talbott and it was consolidated fora time with theFMONROE ADVERTISER, 1851-1856: Edited by H. C. Talbott. Publicationof the Advertiser was soon stopped, but that of thePatriot was continued. Several copies owned by Mrs. Fannie I.Ballard, Chester, 111.MONROE DEMOCRAT, 1856: Edited by William Keelman and managedby H. C. Talbott for a company. German.ADVOCATE, 1858-1890+ The : editors, in turn, for a joint stock companywere James Sennott, James A. Kennedy, Mr. Weedin,J. C. Goethe, J. F. Gotshall, 1862-1875. In 1875 Mr. Gotshallpurchased the stock of the company, and was still editor andpublisher in 1879. A Democratic paper in 1879; Independent-Democratic in 1 88 1 . It is listed in Ayer in 1 88 1 as DollarA dvocate.It was succeeded by the Republican in January, 1890. H. C.Voris was editor and publisher of the Republican in 1907. Filesof the Advocate are in the Republican office.MONROE DEMOCRAT, 1868: Edited and published by Julius VonReichenstein. Seven numbers were issued, then it was suspended.German.

WATSEKA; IROQUOIS COUNTY 351TIMES, 1872 to date: Established by R. F. Brown. In 1873it waspurchased by Alfred Ferguson and C. F. Vangorder. In 1874Ferguson sold his interest to R. T. Melvill. In 1885 Melvillretired and Vangorder continued sole proprietor until 1876, whenhe failed. The office passed into the possession of the KelloggNewspaper Company of St. Louis. They placed a roan incharge, but after a short time sold the paper to a joint companywith Vangorder as editor and manager. He was succeeded byPeter W. Baker, who conducted the paper for three years. ThenHenry Talbott took charge for a short time. In 1880 George E.Jahn succeeded Mr. Talbott, and was succeeded by J. A. Krepps.In 1907 Nelson A. Rickert was editor and publisher. A Democraticpaper.WATERMAN, DEKALB COUNTYFREE PRESS, 1873-1876: H. F. Bloodgood was editor and publisher.Printed at the office of the Sandwich Free Press.LEADER, 1878 to date: An edition of the Hinckley Review.WATSEKA, IROQUOIS COUNTYMIDDLEPORT PRESS, 1854-1856: Files are in possession of L. F.Watson of Watseka.IROQUOIS REPUBLICAN, 1856-1872: Published and edited byJoseph Graham, 1856: Franklin Blades, 1856-1860. (SeeIroquois Republican, Middleport.) In 1869, Z. Beatty waseditor and publisher. The paper was changed to the WatsekaREPUBLICAN, 1872 to date: Published by Z. Beatty until April,1873; Alexander L. Whitehall and Elmer Brimhall, April, 1873-August, 1876; Elmer Brimhall, August, i876-August, 1877;Lorenzo Watson and H. A. Jerauld, August i, i877-Octoberi, 1878; Lorenzo F. Watson was in 1880 sole proprietor andpublisher, and has been so since October i, 1878. In 1907 B. F.Shankland was editor; the Watseka Republican Company,publishers. Files are in the office except for 1859-1867. UIROQUOIS COUNTY HERALD, October, +1867-1869: Established atMiddleport about October i, 1865; moved to Watseka aboutFebruary i, 1867 edited ; by Charles Jouvenat from a date sometime after the removal until the spring of 1869, when the Heraldceased to exist.IROQUOIS TIMES, +May, i87i-i875(?)-|-: Originally the OnargaTimes; moved to Watseka in 1871. December, 1872, the officewas sold to Colonel M. H. Peters, who edited the paper fromJanuary, 1872, to June 5, 1874. From this date tillAugust, 1875,

352 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSOtto H. Wangelin was in control. He sold to Auguste Langellier,August, 1875. Under the latter's management, the name waschanged to theIROQUOIS COUNTY TIMES, +i875(?) to date: The change of nameoccurred some time between August, 1875, and July i, i878(?).At the later date, Colonel M. H. Peters again purchased theoffice, and in 1891 was still sole editor and proprietor. EdwinBeard was editor in 1895. Orginally Independent-Republican,the Times was later Independent and supported the Greenbackparty, and still later was Democratic. By 1907 the Times hadbeen united with the Democrat and the Iroquois County Times-Democrat was being edited and published by Matthew P. KellyḢWAUKEGAN, LAKE COUNTYLITTLE FORT PORCUPINE AND DEMOCRATIC BANNER, 1845-1847:Fuller; edited by A. B. Wynkoop.It was the firstpaper publishedin Lake County. Files are owned by the Gazette. (SeeHLittle Fort.)LAKE COUNTY HERALD, 1845-1846: Edited by N. P. and S. M.Dowst. Whig.LAKE COUNTY VISITER, 1847 ( ?):(See Little Fort.) HLAKE COUNTY CHRONICLE, 1847-1855+ Published :by W. H. H.Tobey and Company and edited by A. C. Tobey; merged in1855 with Freeman's Advocate. The new paper was called theChronicle and Advocate, later the Independent Democrat. FFREE DEMOCRAT, August i, i849-February i, 1850: John Henderson,publisher, and N. W. Fuller, editor.CODY'S ADVERTISER, 1849 (?).NGAZETTE, October, 1850 to date: Nathan C. Geer was publisher,1850-1858; James Y. Cory, editor and publisher,1858-1871; Rev. A. K. Fox and C. A. Partridge, 1871; C. A.and H. E. Partridge, 1871-1885; Reuben W. Coon, 1885-1897.Frank H. Hall succeeded Coon in 1897; and the same year, theGazette having absorbed the Daily and Weekly Register, the combinedinterests were acquired by DeKay Brothers. Under thename of the Gazette Publishing Company, they published thepaper till July 7, 1899. From that date until 1902 or after thestock was in other hands and W. L. Farmer was editor. In 1907W. J. Smith was editor; the Gazette Publishing Company werepublishers. Established as a Republican weekly. Since 1902there has been a daily edition. There had been a daily editionfor a few weeks in 1854 and a semi- weekly edition for a shorttime. Files are completein office. EUF

WAVERLY, MORGAN COUNTY 353FREEMAN'S ADVOCATE, February 3, 1854-1855+: Established byJohn Gentzel. In about a year it was sold to S. I. Bradburyand E. S. Ingalls, who at the same time purchased the Lake CountyChronicle. They were combined under the name of the FCHRONICLE AND ADVOCATE, +1855+: Which was afterwardchanged toINDEPENDENT DEMOCRAT, +1855-1857: Still edited by Messrs.Bradbury and Ingalls. Upon the suspension of publication atthe beginning of 1857, the subscription list was sold to the Gazette.NORTHWESTERN ORIENT, 1856+: Published by J. H. Brundageand edited by J. C. Smith and Ira Porter. March, 1856, theRockford Spirit Advocate was united with the Orient, the headquartersremaining at Waukegan. It was succeeded by theNORTHWESTERN EXCELSIOR, + i856-i859(?): Published and editedfor a few months by Ira Porter and J C. Smith ; by Pooler andKribs in 1858. A Spiritualist paper.- FLAKE COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1857-1861: Established by Samuel I.Bradbury, editor; continued to June, 1861, when it was suspended.Its publication was resumed in 1866 by Mr. Bradbury,under the title ofLAKE COUNTY PATRIOT, 1866-1897+: Mr. Bradbury was stilleditor and publisher in 1869. George W. Blair, editor, 1878-1882; Dewitt H. Bradbury, followed by Samuel H. Bradbury,1882-1897. In 1897 consolidated with the Waukegan Dailyand Weekly Sun, A. K. Stearns, editor and publisher.LAKE COUNTY CITIZEN, January, 1859-1860: Published one yearby Fuller and Bailey. This is the same Fuller who was previouslyconnected with the Visiter and with the Porcupine.LAKE COUNTY TIDINGS, 1879 (?)+: Published for threemonths in 1879 by J. W. Green, then by John A. Avery, whochanged the name toLAKE COUNTY REPUBLICAN, +1879-1883: Published by John A.Avery; in 1883, absorbed by the Gazette.WAVERLY, MORGAN COUNTYGAZETTE, 1869-1870: Established by M. J. Abbott and W. D.Pemberton. In a few months Mr. Abbott bought Mr. Pemberton'sinterest. In 1870 the paper was sold to Richard Ballengerwho removed the press to Virden. In 1872 John H. Goldsmithpurchased it and brought it back to Waverly, when he changedthe name to.TIMES, 1872-1874: Established by John H. Goldsmith. After sixmonths it was suspended for nine months. Mr. Goldsmith then

354 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSresuscitated the paper, but in three months it was again suspended.In 1874 W. T. Lakin purchased the material and publishedfifty-two numbers. It was then again suspended. In1876 R. V. Mallory bought the office and started theMORGAN COUNTY JOURNAL, 1876 to date: Established by R. V.Mallory. In 1876 Milton M. Meacham purchased a half interestand came into full possession in 1877. In 1879 Mr. Mallorywas editor and Mr. Meacham publisher. Milton M. Meachamwas editor in 1882-1884; Frederick B. Ritchie, 1891tillafter 1895. John H. Goldsmith was a later editor. At some timeprevious to 1907 the Journal was consolidated with the Enterprise.The Journal-Enterprise was edited in 1907 by B. Reinbachand published by the Waverly Journal Company (Inc.).Independent in politics.TEMPERANCE BANNER, 1874-1875: Established by Lakin andPalmer.WAYNE, DuPAGE COUNTYCENTRAL NEWS, i86i(?): Listed, without details, inAmerican Kenny'sNewspaper Directory for 1861.WENONA, MARSHALL COUNTYSENTINEL, 1864-1865 Published for one year by L. B. Barnes.:NEWS INDEX, February, 1865-1 87o( ?)+: Established by Grableand Crosby. In August, 1865, Mr. Grable was sole ownerone week; August, i865~February, 1867, Mr. Crosby; February,i867-June, 1868, William Parker; June, i868-June, 1870,William Parker and Cadet Taylor; June, 1870-- (?). Mr.Taylor who changed the name to theINDEX, + 187o(?)-July, 1908: Cadet Taylor, Taylor Brothersi(Cadet and W. B.), and H. L. Taylor were successively editorsand publishers. Independent within Republican limits.OUR BOYS' INTELLECT, 1869: An amateur paper published andprinted by Charles S. Diehl, now of the Associated Press.TRIBUNE, 1875: Established by Mr. Burroughs, who discontinuedit after three months.WEST CHICAGO, COOK COUNTYUNION PARK ADVOCATE, 1872-1874: Charles E. Crandall waseditor and publisher. An advertising sheet. UWESTFIELD, CLARK COUNTYINDEX, 1877 to date (1879): In 1879 G. L. Watson was editor andpublisher. Independent.

WHITE HALL, GREENE COUNTY 355PANTAGRAPH, 1879 to date (1884): M. R. Bair was editor and publisher,1880; S. W. Zeller, 1882; U. P. Shull, 1884. An Independentpaper.HWESTON, MCLEAN COUNTYMONITOR, 1873-1874: John .nd Bovard were editors and publishers,1874; Bovard Brothers, 1875.GAZETTE, 1876 to date (1879): C. W. Stickney was editor and publisherin 1879. The paper was printed at the office of the ChenoaGazette.WHEATON, DuPAGE COUNTYDUPAGE COUNTY GAZETTE, June, 1856-1857: Edited by L. E.De Wolf and J. A. J. Birdsall.FLAG, i857-i86o(?): Established by Nathaniel H. Lewis. Burnedout about 1860.NORTHERN ILLINOIAN, 1859 (1861 ?)-i87o+: Established by HenryC. Childs. In 1862-1864 Benjamin F. Taylor was literaryeditor. In 1867 Childs sold to John A. Whitlock, who sold in1870 to J. Russell Smith. It was a Republican paper. Smithchanged the name toILLINOIAN, +1870 to date: Republican, still conducted in 1882 by J.Russell Smith. Newton E. Matter purchased the IllinoianFebruary 18, 1889, and was publisher until February 20, 1909.He then sold the office to C. H. Plummer.COLLEGE RECORD, 1875 to date (1881): Monthly, issued during thecollege year. In 1879 John D. Nutting was editor; LiteraryUnion of Wheaton College, publishers.BEOBACHTER (or DuPage County Zeitungf), 1878-1880: A Germanpaper dated at Wheaton and Chicago, edited and published byPaul Geleff.CHRISTIAN CYNOSURE:See Chicago.WHITE HALL, GREENE COUNTYREGISTER, 1869 to date: Established and published byI. H. Davisand F. Glossop. In three months Glossop retired. In 1870Davis sold out to Charles H. Johnson. In 1875 the White HallRegister Company, with Henry Johnson as president, and CharlesH. Johnson as secretary and treasurer, took charge. In 1882Fletcher Cain became editor and proprietor. In 1883 the paperpassed into the hands of Palmer and Roberts, and the officeswere changed to Roodhouse. In 1884 Mr. Palmer retired andin that year the office was returned to White Hall. Three monthslater the office and contents were destroyed by fire, but theF

356 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSpaper did not miss an issue, being printed in the office of theCarrollton Gazette until 1885. In 1885 Mr. O wings was partnerfor a short time. W. J.Roberts became proprietor. Harry E.Bell was editor and publisher in 1907. In 1881 the Register wasprinting editions under the names of Locomotive, Greenfield;Express, Kane; and Signal, Roodhouse, all in Greene county.Democratic.GREEN COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1875-1877: In 1875-1876 C. M.Tucker was editor, James Smith publisher; a year later JohnM. Fans was editor and publisher.REPUBLICAN, 1877 to date: Established by E. J. Pearce and C. L.Clapp published on the press of the Carrollton Patriot, of which;Mr. Clapp was editor. In May, 1883, Clapp retired, and CaptainPearce became sole proprietor. He bought the White HallTribune, (established 1882), which he consolidated with theRepublican, thereby becoming able to print his journal at home.In September, 1884, Captain Pearce began the Evening Republican,and both papers remained under his .managementcontinuously until his death in April, 1907. His children haveconducted the paper since that date with R. B. Pearce as publisher.The Republicanis on file in the office. A part of theweekly edition was printed under the name of Scott CountyArrow, Manchester, from 1879 to 1907, with E. J. Pearce aspublisher.WILMINGTON, WILL COUNTYHERALD, i854-i856(?): Established by D. H. Berdine, owned by alocal stock company. After less than a year William H. Clarkwas put in charge. He moved the office later to Kendall countyḞINDEPENDENT, 1861-1873 A : Republican paper, established by W.R. Steel; sold in 1871 to Alexander Mclntosh. H. H. Parkinsonleased it in 1872. It was discontinued in 1873.PEOPLE'S ADVOCATE, June, 1870 to date: A Democratic paper,started by Jacob H. Warner. Edward D. Conley became partowner and chief editor in February, 1871, sole owner in May,1872, and was still editor and publisher in 1884. Quinn andCompany, 1891 and 1895; Don A. Spurr was editor in 1907 andQuinn and Odell, publishers. The paper was Independent inpolitics until past 1881. In 1907 it was Republican. In Rowell,1879, and in Ayer, 1881 and 1907, this paperis listed as Advocate.REVIEW, 1877 to date (1895): A. M. Stephenson was editor andpublisher in 1882 and 1884; Stephenson and Stiles in 1891;J. H. Warner in 1895. Semi-weekly. Independent in politics.

WINCHESTER, SCOTT COUNTY3S7PHOENIX, 1877-1880: C. Hill Duck was editor and publisher. AnIndependent paper, published at the office of the Joliet Phanix.WINCHESTER, SCOTT COUNTYVOICE OF TRUTH, (?)-- (?): A Baptist publication editedby Alvin Bailey at some time in 1838-1843.BATTLE AXE, November 23, 1841-1843: Removed from Exeter byJames M. Ruggles and continued by him until June or July,1843. In the number for June 10, he announced that aboutJuly i he would begin the publication of People's Oracle, butapparently he established instead theREPUBLICAN, December 14, i844-( ?):James M. Ruggles was owner ;Knapp and Ruggles were editors.AILLINOIS VALLEY REGISTER, ( ?) ( ?) Published by a Mr.:Ellis, probably about 1850.WESTERN UNIONIST, 1851 to after 1858: A Republican paper whichardently supported Lincoln. It was established by T. H. Ellis;probably he sold to R. D. Dedman, who was editor and publisheron September 18, 1858. SDEMOCRAT, October 7, 1859-1867+ Edited by W. W. Chapman:and A. D. Davies; published by W. W. Chapman. In thenumber of June 7, 1862, R. D. Dedman's name appeared aseditor and proprietor. Under Chapman the paper was Democratic;under Dedman, Republican. In 1867 Dedman sold toWilliam T. Collins, who changed the name toSCOTT COUNTY UNION, +1867-1870: Conducted first as a Republican,then as an Independent organ by William T. Collins, whodiscontinued it in 1870 and sold the plant to T. H. Flynn, whoestablished the Independent.SCOTT COUNTY NEWS, July, 1860 ( ?) "A rabid : partisan sheet"brought out just before the Civil War, by C. J. Sellan, who wasmajor of the 28th Illinois Infantry, August 22, 1 86 1- January 8,1862. AHERALD, ( ?) ( ?) A Democratic : paper established by JohnJ. Bunce toward the close of the Civil War. It was after a timeedited by Frank Glossop. Short-lived.TIMES, September 14, 1865, to date: Established by A. A. Wheelock,who conducted it until after 1870. Milton and Moyer, andWheelock and Moyer were subsequent editors and publishers.Then Wheeler alone continued it until May, 1884, when he soldto Charles Crisp, and the paper was conducted by Crisp and A.W. Tibbetts. Crisp sold in 1885 to Tibbetts and Rogers; Tibbettsretired in March, 1886, and soon afterward the paper

3$8 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSreverted to Crisp. G. W. Dixon and T. H. Devine took chargeof the plant and conducted the Times until fall, when Crisp againassumed control. W. A. Heazlitt was made manager and J. C.Balsley editor. P. R. Nelson bought the Times October 15,1887, and has conducted it ever since. Democratic.STAR, November 12, 1869-1870: A short-lived Republican paperrun by D. Leib Ambrose.INDEPENDENT, September 3, 1870-1882: Established by T. H.Flynn, with John Moses as editor. S. M. Moses was editor andpublisher in 1880: T. H. Flynn, 1882. It was Greenback inpolitics listed in Ayer for 1881 as Liberal Democrat. Thepaper was discontinued about 1882 and the plant was sold toGeorge H. Palmer and Son, of the Standard.SCOTT COUNTY ARROW, 1878-1879+ A :Republican paper at firstpublished by Pearce and Clapp. It was issued from Winchesterfor one year, then from Manchester until 1908. After 1883E. J. Pearce was publisher. Successive Winchester editorswere Albert Chapman, Thomas H. Devine, J. C. Balsley, D. T.Smith and Henry Higgins.WINDSOR, SHELBY COUNTYSENTINEL, 1876-1877+: Started by A. M. Anderson May, 1876.In January, 1877, the plant was taken to Paris. Two monthslater Anderson started another paper and called it theDOLLAR SENTINEL, 1877-1879: Under the editorship of A. M.Anderson it had a fitful existence for two years when the plantwas removed to Shelbyville.GAZETTE, 1878 to date: Edited by Warden Brothers, 1878; J. L.Warden, 1878-1889; Charles and Thomas Miner, 1889: W. E.McCormick, 1890; Bart Grider, 1891, and H. S. Lilly and G.E. Dunscomb, 1891 to date.WOODFORD, WOODFORD COUNTYSENTINEL, 1854 (?).WOODHULL, HENRY COUNTYREPORTER, December, 1875-1876+ Established by Magner and:Carlin. After a year sold to J. J. McHose, who changed thename toENTERPRISE, + December, 1877-1880: Edited by J. J. McHoseand R. H.Magner. C. C. Carlin was editor and publisher in1879 and 1880.

WOODSTOCK, McHENRY COUNTY 359DISPATCH, 1879 to date: Edited and published by Kale and Porter,1879-1882 M. A. : Chesley, and later Chesley and B. J. Dunlap,1882-1896; C. L. Burgess and W. W. White, i897-fall of 1899;White and W. A. Olson, fall of 1899-July, 1900; Olson andA. A. Mackey, July, 1900-1906; Olson and E. N. Stephenson,1906 and after; Olson and G. E. Swanson since March i, 1909.A local Independent paper. A part of the edition was beingunder the same name for Oneida. Theprinted in 1907,Oneida edition has since been discontinued.WOODSTOCK, McHENRY COUNTYILLINOIS REPUBLICAN, 1846-1856: Edited by Josiah Dwight.After several suspensions and changes of name it became theSentinel. In 1854it bore the name of theREPUBLICAN FREE PRESS, March 8, 1854-1855: The materialbecame the property of the owners of the Argus.FDEMOCRAT, 1849-1856, 1858-1859, 1860-1862: Edited by E. D.Austin. Its publication was suspended a few months in 1859.James L. Martin was owner and editor, 1860-1862. FARGUS, 1856-1857: Edited by E. W. Smith and M. L. Joslyn.Democrat. Mr. Edson was owner when its publication ceased.SENTINEL, 1856 to date: Josiah Dwight was editor, 1856-1858.Later editors were: A. E. and W. E. Smith, 1858-1866; F. M.Sapp and G. B. Richardson, 1866-1869: William E. Smith, 1869-1872; G. S. Southworth, 1872-1879; Mr. Southworth and E. F.Glennon, 1879-1891. C. A. Lemmers was editor from 1891 to1902, the Woodstock Sentinel Company (Inc.) being publishers.During this time L. T. Hoy was president and manager. From1902 to 1906 W. W. Chandler was manager, Mr. Hoy continuingas president. January i, 1906, Charles F. Renich became editorand manager, and still continues as such, with the WoodstockSentinel Company as publishers. At first G. L. Webb and T. F.Johnson were proprietors, and they probably edited it themselvesfor a brief period before Mr. Dwight was given charge of thatwork. In 1857it became the property of F. W. Franks and Son,with Mr. Dwight still editor. It was not until the advent ofMessrs. Smith that local news began to be a feature of the paper.It has advocated Republican principles. There are completefiles in the office.McHENRY COUNTY UNION, 1861-1862 : Ownedby J.H. Hodder.It was published one year, and was then sold to the Sentinel.CITIZEN, 1873 :It did not live a year.

360 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSANTI-MONOPOLIST, 1873: Published by the Franklin Printing andPublishing Company of Chicago. W. D. Ringland was businessmanager. It was a Grange paper.NEW ERA, 1873-1880: Established by Ringland and Price. In1874 W. D. Ringland became sole proprietor. The paper wasan organ of the Grange movement, embracing first Greenback,and then Republican doctrines. It was moved to Elgin in 1880.Ringland and Cumins owned it, 1879-1880.McHENRY COUNTY DEMOCRAT, 1877-1902: Established by A. R.Bradbury, who issued a few numbers. In 1877 the paper wasre-established with John A. and M. C. Dufield as proprietors.In 1882 M. C. Dufield retired. C. A. Lemmers was local editor,1883-1890. In October, 1902, this paper was succeeded byRepublican, with C. A. Lemmers, editor and manager, and theMcHenry County Republican Company, owners. Republicanin politics after 1902. Files complete are in possession of theRepublican.WYOMING, STARK COUNTYCHIEF, 1867-1871: A paper issued from the office of the ToulonPrairie Chief, with B. W. Seaton as editor and publisher.POST, August 1872, to date: Established by E. H. Phelps, who publishedthe paper until 1876, when he sold to J. D. Gilchrist;Gilchrist sold to R. P. Chaddock, 1879; Chaddock in 1880 toWilliam R. Sandham, who in 1885 bought the Herald andcombined the two as Post-Herald. Sandham sold to J. M.Newton and W. E. Nixon in 1889; Newton sold to Nixonin August, 1895. Harrison Thomas bought a half interest inJanuary i, 1904. These owners sold to William G. and GladstoneMoore (Moore and Son), who have continued the paper.Republican, but not actively partisan.STARK COUNTY BEE, 1875-1877: Published byIndependent Republican.YATES CITY, KNOX COUNTYM. M. Monteith.|FHERALD, 1864-1870: In 1869 and 1870 J. S. Foster was editor andpublisher. In 1870 the paper was combined with ElmwoodChronicle and issued as Chronicle and Herald by O. F. Woodcockand Company.EAST KNOX NEWS, 1876: A short-lived paper issued by A. M.Swain.INDUSTRIAL BANNER, December 25, 1879, to date: Established byA. H. McKeighan, who bought the Ipava Independent andmoved it to Yates City, changing the name to Industrial Banner.U

YOUNG AMERICA, WARREN COUNTY 361In 1892 W. A. McKeighan again took charge of the paper andis the present owner and editor. Files are in the office. Listedin Ayer, 1881, as a Greenback paper. Now Independent inpolitics.YORKVILLE, KENDALL COUNTYKENDALL COUNTY RECORD, 1864 to date:John R. Marshall waseditor and publisher in 1869, and seems to have continued inthat position ever since. A Republican paper. In 1881 anedition was issued under the name of Mirror, for Piano.NEWS, 1872-1877: R. M. and Gallic D. M. Springer were editorsand publishers until 1877, when James H. Ferris and Frank H.Hall were publishers. The paper was that year moved to Piano.Independent.YOUNG AMERICA, WARREN COUNTYNEWS, 1868 to date (1869): Reed and Clark were editors and publishers.A Republican paper.PLAINDEALER, 1870-1871: Edited by Judson Graves. In Rowellfor 1871 and 1872 the date of establishment was given as 1852.A Republican paper.

ADDITIONSBELLVILLE, ST. CLAIR COUNTYTHE ST. CLAIR TRIBUNE, on April 24,1857 became the BellevilleTribune. A file of this paper, v. 3, no. 25~v. 4, no. 21 ; August2, i856-July 3, 1857 is in the St. Clair County Court House,Belleville.GREAT WESTERN: A file of v. i, complete,is in the St. ClairCounty Court House, Belleville.CANTON, FULTON COUNTYHERALD, 1837-1838: This paper was edited by Gideon B. Perryand published by Ptolemy Stone. In 1838 its name waschanged toFULTONIAN, 1838-1840: This title was changed in 1840 to WesternTelegraph, and modified to Fulton Telegraph in 1841.CHICAGO, COOK COUNTYEVENING STAR, August, 1861 (?): An "Independent"paper antagonistic to the federal administration, and to nearlyeverything in general. A. C. Ellithorpe and Company werepublishers. V. i, no. 32, 37; September 25, October 2, 1861,in Chicago Historical Society Library.GUYER'S PROGRESSIVE AGE AND CHICAGO PATHFINDER, September,1859- - (?): Edited by Isaac D. Guyer and circulatedgratuitously. Monthly. V. i, no. 2, October, 1859, in ChicagoHistorical Society Library.MUSICAL INDEPENDENT, November, 1868 (?): Edited byW. S. B. Matthews; published by Lyon and Healy. V. i, no.2, December, 1868, in Chicago Historical Society Library.DANVILLE, VERMILLION COUNTYPRAIRIE STATE, i856(?): One of the papers which signed the callfor the Republican convention of 1856.DELAY AN, TAZEWELL COUNTYTIMES, September, 1874-1893 + : Established by Joe F. Reed, wholater sold to A. C. Boyd and Oscar Singley. Singley soonwithdrew, and Boyd, soon after 1880, sold to Guy Beatty and36 1 a

36ibILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSamuel Newman. Beatty afterward boughtand in 1890the interest ofhis partner, sold an interest to Starr H. Beatty.Beatty Brothers conducted the Times until 1893, when GuyBeatty retired. Starr H. Beatty has been editor and publishersince that time. In 1893 the Times absorbed the TazewellCounty Press (established by Joe F. Reed in 1889) and thetitle of the combined papers became Times-Press. Republican.FREEPORT, STEPHENSON COUNTYSTATE GRANGE NEWS: The official organ of the State Grange ofIllinois, edited and published by J. M. Chambers about 1874.OQUAWKA, HENDERSON COUNTYREPUBLICAN, i856(?):One of the papers which signed the callfor a Republican convention in 1856.SPRINGFIELD, SANGAMON COUNTYILLINOIS STATE REGISTER: A file running from 1838, when thepaper was published at Vandalia, to 1855, is in the SangamonCounty Court House, Springfield.INDEPENDENT REFORMER, 1874: A campaign paper published inthe interest of the Independent, or Farmer's party.TILTONPRAIRIE CHICKEN, 1864 (?): Volume one of a paper bearingthis title is catalogued in the New York Public Library, butrepeated attempts failed to discover the paper.VERMONT, FULTON COUNTYFULTONIAN, i856(?): No mention of this paper is found exceptthat it was a signer of the call for the Decatur conventionin 1856. There are contemporary newspaper references to it.Mr. George L. Durell of Vermont owns several copies.

A LIST OFNEWSPAPERS ANDILLINOISPERIODICALSIN ILLINOISLIBRARIESARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY TOWNSTo which are added lists of Illinois Newspapers andPeriodicals in the Library of Congress, the Library ofthe State Historical Society of Wisconsin, the MercantileLibrary, St. Louis, the Library of the AmericanAntiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass., and others.

ILLINOIS NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALSIN ILLINOIS LIBRARIESABINGDONHedding College Library. No filesPublic Library. No reportALTONJennie D. Hayner Library AssociationLibraryDaily Telegraph: January 3, 1853-1854Morning Courier: January i,1855-1856ALTONARansom Library.ARCOLAPublic Library.AURORANo reportNo reportPublic LibraryBeacon: Broken setDemocrat: Nos. i, 2, 3, August6-20Express: Broken setGuardian: Five volumesHerald: Broken setNews (d): Broken setRepublican: Broken setRepublican Union: Broken setBARRYPublic Library.BATAVIAPublic Library.BELLEVILLEPublic LibraryNo reportNo filesAdvocate: 1840-1869; 29 vols.Democrat: 1858-1870; 13 vols.Despatch: March 7, i86i-August3, 1 86 1Illinois Republican: 18491852St. Clair Banner: 1844 June 20,1846St. Clair Tribune: February, 1854-1857Volksblatt: 1856-1857Zeitung: 1849-1860BELVIDEREIda Public Library. No filesBEMENTWoman's Club Library. No files365BLOOMINGTONIllinois Wesleyan University Library.No filesWithers Public LibraryBLOOMINGTONDemocratic News: v. i, no. 2-5 2 ;v. 2, no. 152; January 1,1877-December 28, 1877; January4, i878-December 27, 1878Intelligencer: January 14, 1852-November 16, 1853Leader (d and w):Complete file,November 15, i868-May 1899Observer and McLean CountyAdvocate: Single number,January 13, 1838Pantagraph (w): December 7,1853- January 10, 1855Western Whig: v. 2, 1848;August 5, January 13, February10, May 19, July 21, 28,August 18, 25, September 8,15, 22; v. 4, 1850: January15, 29, April 13, June 29,July 13, 30, August 3, September7, 21 ;v. 5, 1850: November2, 27-November 19, 1851SPRINGFIELDIllinois Journal: v. 14, no. 177-250; January 8, i862-April3, 1862State Register (tri-w): June 12,i847-September 3, 1847TREMONTTazewell Whig: v. 3, no. 33 ;February 13, 1847; v. 4, no.31; February n, 1848McLean County Historical SocietyLibraryPantagraph (w): v. 10, 1855-1856;v. n, 1856-1857; v. 12, 1857-1858; also 1899-1907Pantagraph (d) : 1869-1876; 1878-1882; 1886-1887; 1894+Illinois Statesman: v. 1-5; 1859-1863

366 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBLOOMINGTONcontinuedMcLean County Historical SocietyLibraryWeekly National Flag: v. i, 2;June 29, i855-October 16, 1857BLUE ISLANDPublic Library.No filesBOURBONNAISSt. Viateur's College Library. NofilesBRAIDWOODPublic Library.No filesBUDALibrary Association Library. NofilesBUNKER HILLPublic Library.No reportCAIROPublic LibraryCAIROBulletin: July i, iSjo-December31, 1870; July i, 1871-December 31, 1871City Item: v. i, no. i, September30, 1865Democrat: v. 5, no. 145February 25, 1868; v. 5, no188; April 17, 1868Evening Sun: v. 8, no. 172October 21, 1872Monday Leader: v. i, no. 4April 17, 1865Morning News: v. 2, no. 637April 16, 1865Times: v. 8, no. 172; October21, 1872CHICAGOEvening Journal: June 3,1861Record: v. 5, no. 23; March i,1862KASKASKIARepublican: v. i, no. 4; March18, 1841CAMBRIDGETownship Public Library. NoreportCANTONParlin Library.No filesCARBONDALELibrary Association Library. NofilesSouthern Illinois State NormalUniversity.No filesCARLINVILLEBlackburn University Library. NofilesCARPENTERSVILLELiterary and Library Association.No filesCARTHAGECarthage College Library. No filesFree Public Library. No filesCASEYPublic Library. No reportCENTRALIAPublic Library and Reading Room.No filesCHAMPAIGNPublic LibraryCHAMPAIGNOur Constitution: July 22, 1856-July 23, 1858CHICAGOWestern Monthly:v. 1-2; 1869URBANAUnion: June 22, i854~May 31,1855VANDALIAIllinois Monthly Magazine: v. i ;October, 1 830-September, 183 1CHARLESTONEastern Illinois Normal SchoolLibrary. No filesPublic Library. No filesCHESTERTecumseh Library AssociationLibrary. No reportCHICAGOArmour Institute of TechnologyLibrary. No filesChicago Normal School Library.No filesChicago Historical Society (H)ALTONAmerican (w): v. i, November 22,1833- June 2, 1834Courier, Daily Morning:v. i, 2;May 29, i852-May 31, 1854;v. 7, no. 1-313, June i, 1858-May 31, 1859Courier, Weekly: v. i; June 4,i852-May 27, 1853Democrat, Daily Evening: v. 6,no. 63, 66; September 27, 30,1865Illinois Temperance Herald: v. 3,no. 9, February, 1839Observer: v. 3, no. 37~v. 4, no.45; September19, 183829, 1836-April

CHICAGO continuedChicago Historical SocietyALTONProtestant Monitor: v. 3, no. 32,May 24, 1848Spectator: v. 1-4; 1832-1834;n. s. v. 1-3, 1835-1837 (inc.)Telegraph (w): v. 1-15; January20, i836-December 27, 1850.Name changed April 3, 1841, toAlton. Telegraph and DemocraticReviewCARLYLETelegraph (tri-w): v. i, 2; Januaryi, i85i-May 22, 1852Telegraph (d): v. 1-3; May 24,i852-May 17, 1855Telegraph and Madison CountyRecord (w): v. 18-20; January7, i853-May 18, 1855Western Pioneer and BaptistStandard Bearer (w): n. s. v. i,no. i v. 2, no. 50; June 30,i85

368 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGOcontinuedChicago Historical SocietyCHICAGOBureau (m): v. i-v. 2, no. 3 October,;i86o-December, 1870; v. 2no. ii ; August, 1871; v. 3, no. 4;Jaunary, 1872Chapel Chronicle: v. i, no. i;September, 1878Chicagoan: v. i, no. i, April 18,1868Christian Times: v. 12, no. 28;March 2, 1865Christian Times and Witness: v. i,no. 23; February 2, 1854; v. 13,no. 17; December 21, 1865.[Title of v. i, no. 23 is ChristianTimes. Continued as Standard]Citizen's League (w): v. i, no. 1-27;December 14, 1878- July 5, 1879Cloud and the Bow: v. i, no. 2;July 21, 1858Commercial Advertiser, Chicago(w): v. i, no. 33; September 151847; v. 2, no. 32; September 6,1848; v. 3, no. 16, 20, 32, 35, 36,39, 47-May 16, June 13, September5, 26, October 3, 24, December19, 1849; v. 4, no. 9, 10, 14,18, 20, 26-March 27, April 3, 30,May 29, June 19 August 17, 1850Courier, Daily Chicago: v. i, no.i; January i, 1874Democrat, Chicago (w): v. i, no.i-v. 25; 1833-1861 [incomplete]Democrat, Daily Chicago: v. 20;September 18, 21, 24, 28, Octoberi, 5, 1860Democrat, Morning Chicago: v. i,no. 4; February 27, 1840Democrat, Sunday: v. i, no. 5;July 3, 1870Democratic Press (d): v. 1-12;1852-1858Drew's College Journal (m): v. i,no. i ; September, 1876Druggist and Paint and Oil Review(m): v. i, no. i; October, 1879Dunton's Spirit of the Turf: v. i,no. i; October 18, 1876Emery's Journal of Agriculture andthe Prairie Farmer (w): v. 2;1858. [Continued as The PrairieFarmer]Exposition Daily Press: v. 2, no.16; September 21, 1878Exposition Pictorial Advertiser: v.1, no. 3, 9; 1873Fair Play (w): v. 6, no. i, 10;December 10, 1881; Februaryn, 1882Faith's Record (w): v. 6, nos. 8-1 2 ;August-December, 1876; v. 7-9;1877-1879; v. 11-12; 1881-1882Farmers' Review (w): v. 4, 1880Fashion Courier, Chicago: October1878Field, Chicago: v. 5-6; February19, i876-February 10, 1877; v.12-15; August 16, 1879- June 25,1 88 1. [Title of earlier vs. wasField and Stream. Continuedas American Field]Field and Stream (w): v. 3, 4;February 20, i875~February 12,1876. [Continued as ChicagoField]Free West (w): v. 1-3 ;Decemberi, 1853- July 19, 1855. [ContinuesWestern Citizen]Gem of the Prairie (w): v. i ; May,i844~May, 1845; v. 4-7; Decembern, i847~May 24, 1851Gem of the West and Soldiers'Friend: v. 6, no. i; January,1872Guardian, T he: v. 1-4; 1875-1879Hard Cider Press, v. i, no. 1-21;June 6-Oct. 24, 1840Hausfreund, Der (semi-m): v. 12,no. 1,4; January-February, 1867Herald, Chicago Daily: v. i, no. i,no; August 16, December 23,i873Herald, Chicago Morning (d): no.1047-1173; May lo-October 4,1881Herald, Chicago Morning: no. i;March 17, 1879Chicago Homoeopath (bi-m) : v. 2,no. i; January, 1854Humane Journal: v. i, no. i;May, 1872Illinois and Indiana Medical andSurgical Journal :(bi. m) n.s. v.2, no. 1-5 ; April-December, 1847Illinois Schoolmaster (m):v. 6, no.57, v. 9; 1873-1876Illinois Staats-Zeitung (d): 1875-1876; 1888-1898Illustrated Champion: November,1879

iCHICAGO continuedChicago Historical SocietyCHICAGOIllustrated Chicago News (w): v. i ,no. 1-8; April 24, 1868- June 13,1868Illustrated Journal (m): v. i, 2;LIBRARY FILES 369Chicago Daily (d):June 4, 1872-1900Leedle Vanderer: Book 2, no. 2;September and October, 1870Legal Adviser (w): v. 21, no. 15;1880; v. 31-37; 1891-1897Legal News, Chicago (w): v. 4;November, 1872-1874; v. 3, no.1-6; July-December, 18741871Lens:v. 1-2; 1872-1873Illustrated News, Chicago: v. i, Librarian, Chicago: v. i, nos. 1-5;no. 2; October i, 1879November 187 2- August, 1873Independent: v. 2, no. 2; March Library Record (m) : January,23, 1878. SupplementIndex Universitates: v. i, no. i;April, May and June, 1879; v. 2,no. i, 3-4, 6-7,9; October, 1880-March, 1862April, 1881; v. 3, no. 1-5, 7;Industrial World and CommercialOctober, 1882, June, 1884; v.Advertiser (w): v. 14, no. 14;no. 1-5; November, i883~MaApril 15, 18801884Interior (w): v. 8-1877 +Literary and Musical ReviewInter Ocean (d): November-Decemberv. 2, no. 4; April, 1880(m) :1879; 1880+Literary Budget (w): v. 1-3; 1853-Inter Ocean (w): July 20, 1876+.i855[Title changes to Weekly Inter Literary Review (m): v. i, no. i, 4;Ocean and Farmer]May and August, 1879Jeweler's Journal (m): v. i, no. i; Literary Varieties, Chicago: v. i,November, 1879no. 2; April, 1873Jewish Advance (w): v. 1-7 ; 1878-Little Corporal (m) : v. 1-3 ; 1865-18811866; v. 7, no. 5~v. 8, no. 4;Journal, Chicago (d): July 27,1868-1869; v. 9, no. 3-4, 6;1844-January i, 18531867; v. 10-15; 18701872; v.Journal, Chicago Daily: v. 13, no.19, no. 2; 1874189; August 14, 1854; v. 16, no.Corporal's School Festival (q) :66; March 19, 1858; v. 18, no.no. 2; April, 1870221, 225, 238; September 18, 22, Living Church: v. 1-8; 1878-1886October 5, 1860. [Continued as Lorgnette: v. i, no. 28, 35; May 4,Chicago Evening Journal]12, 1871Journal, Chicago Evening (d): Chicago Magazine, The West as itMay 2, 1862; October 7, 10, 17,(m): v. i, no. 1-5; 185719, 24, 1871; February u, 1865;March i, 1867; March 31, 1887Chicago Magazine of Fashion,Music and Home Reading (m):Journal of Commerce, Chicago (w) :v. 1-6;v. 41-43; J 883; v. 46-49; l88 1870-1875 incomplete5~ Weekly Magazine: v. 6-8; May 6,1886i882-March 28, 1885Journal 0} Science: v. 4, no. 9; Mail, Chicago Evening: v. 1-4;July 15, 1880August 18, i87o-January 10,Jubilee, Daily: v. i, no. i; June18745, 1873Mail, Chicago Morning (d): v. i,Ladies' Friend and Shoppingno. 41 ; January 14, 1847Guide: v. i,no. i; January, 1872 Medical Examiner, Chicago (m):Lakeside Monthly: v. 5-10 1871-v. i, no. 12; December, 1860;1873; v. n, no. 61, 62; January,v. 9, no. 8; August, 1868; v. 10-February, 187412; 1869-1871. [Continued asLand Owner (m): v. 2, no. 8;Medical Examiner}August, 1870; v. 3, no. 2; Medical Examiner (semi-m): v. 13,February, 1871; v. 4-5; 1872-no. 3, 8; February i, April 15,1872; v. 14, no. 9; May i, 1873

37 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGOcontinuedNews, Chicago Daily: 1877 +Chicago Historical SocietyNorth Side Reporter (w): v. i, no.CHICAGO19; November 23, 1878; v. 2, no.November 22, 1877 10, i87i-March 30, 1872]Medical Investigator (m): n. s. v. 4,2 4> 35; October 4, 1879, January1866-186731, 1880Medical Journal, Chicago (m, North-Western Baptist (semi-m):semi-m): n. s. v. i; 1858; n. s.v. 2, no. 22; August 15, 1844v, 2, no. 23, 56, 10, 1859; n. s. Northwestern Christian Advocatev. 3, no. 2, February, 1860; v.(w): v. 23, 1875+ [missing v.21, no. 2-5, 9-11, 1864; v. 22,25. 1877]no. 1-3, u, 1865; v. 23, no. Northwestern Journal of Homoeopathia(m):4-5, 8, io-i2, 1866; v. 24, no.v. 1-2; 1848-1849,i, 3, 7-9, 1867; v. 25-31, 1868-1849-18501874Northwestern Lumberman (w) :Medical Journal and Examiner,January n, 1879- December 31,Chicago (m): v. 32, 1875; v. 33,1898no. 3, March, 1876; v. 34, 1877; Northwestern Magazine: v. 2, no.v. 35, no. 6, December, 1877;i ; December, 1874v -36-37> l8 7 8 v -; 4i> no. 3, Northwestern Medical and SurgicalSeptember, 1880; v. 42, no. 4,Journal (bi m, m): v. 1-4;April, 1881; v. 44, no. 4-5,1848-1851; n. s. v. 1-6; 1852-October-November, 1881; v. 47,i857no. 1-3, July-September, 1883; Northwestern Puipft (m): v. i, no.v. 49, no. 3, September, 1884;3; April, 1860v. 50, no. 3-6, March-June, Northwestern Quarterly Magazine:1885; v. 51-58, 1885-1889no. i; October, 1858Medical Register, Chicago: v. i, Northwestern Review (m): v. 8,1872; 1874-1875; 1876-1877;no. 4; April, 1873; v. 9, no. 6,1884-1885December, 1873Mercantile Journal and Weekly Northwestern Sunday SchoolPrice Current (w): v. i, nos. i-Teachers' Quarterly: v. i; 186526; April i3-October 5, 1871 Occident (w): v. 6, no. 1 1 ; FebruaryMerchants Weekly Circular, Chicago:14, 1879; v. 14, no. 38; Decem-v. 2, n. s. no. 14; April n,ber 31, 18861862Our Picture Gallery (m): v. i ; 1878Millenarian: v. i, no. i; January People's Dental Journal (q) : v. i ;18741863Mirror of Fashions (w): v. s, no. People's Illustrated Weekly and6; July 17, 1879Prairie Farmer: v. 54, no. 4;Monthly (edited at the UniversitySeptember 21, 1882of St. Mary of the Lake) : v. People's Paper: v. i, no. i, 2;i, no. 6; June, 1865July 26, August 16, 1873Mothers' Journal (m): v.3335; Pharmacist (m): v. 11, no. 1-3;1868-1870January-March, 1878Museum, Chicago Daily: v. i, no. Play (w): v. 4, no. 14, 17; October117; January 22, 186418, 1880, January 10, 31,Mystic Star (m) : v. 5-9 1866-18681881.;National Banner (m): v. i, nos. i- Pomeroy's Democrat :9; Mav i- December, 1862i877-April 3, 1880.June 30,National Live-Stock Journal (m): Post (d): September 22, 1865.v. 1-17; September 18, 1870- Post, Chicago (d): October 24-December, 1886December 14, 1866National Sunday School TeacherPost, Chicago Evening (d and w):(m) v. 1-6 : ; 1866-187 1 v -! 9> l8 74December 17-31, 1866: FebruaryNew Covenant (w): January 4-20, i867-January 10, 1874; [July

CHICAGOLIBRARY FILEScontinued16, 1868; (2) October 20, 1867-Chicago Historical SocietySeptember 31, 1870; FebruaryCHICAGO20, March, 28, June i, July 3,Post, Chicago Morning (d) v. 4 : ;August 7, September 15, OctoberSeptembers, i862-April3o, 1864Chicago Post and Mail 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 1871;(d and w):January 22-March 22, 1872;January 12, i874-December 26,(3) v. i, no. 42, 56, 57, 61, 64, 79,187780, 116, 123, 126, 133-6, 139Prairie Farmer: v. 5 1845 v.144, 149, 158-62, 176; July; ;12-15; 1849-1855; n. s. v. 7;17, August 2, 3, 8, n, 30, 31,o. s. v. 23; n. s. v. lo-ii, 13-14,October 12, 20, 24, November39, 46-58; 1861, 1682-1864,1-4, 8, 14, 20, 30, December 1-4,1868, 1875-1886Presbyterian Expositor (m) 12 21, 29, 1865 ; (4) May 22, September: v. ;9, October 15, November 3,1857-1858-18596, 7, December 2, 4, 1871Press (q):v. i, no. i; October, 1870 Republican, Tri-Weekly: v. i, no.Press, Chicago (d): v. 5-6: June9; November 22, 186513, i857-June 30, 1858. [Continuedas Press and Tribune]34-35; November 2, 16, 23,Review, Chicago (w): v. i, no. 32,Press and Tribune (d): v. 12-13;1878July i, i858-October 24, 1860 Ribbon Review, Chicago (w): v. i,Printing Press :(bi-m) v. i-no. ino. 1-30; March 24-October4; July,*i875-April, 1876; v. 2,19,1878. [No. 2, 12, 18 missing]no. 5-7; June-October, 1876Rounds' Printers' Cabinet: v. 10,Pulpit, Chicago (w): v. i, no. 5;no. 4; July, 1866; v. i2-v. 28,January 27, 1872; v. i, no. 15;no. 2; 1868- April, 1883 (exceptApril 7, 1872; v. 2, no. 32;v. 26, no. 4, and v. 27, no. 2,August 3, 1872; v. 3, no. 59, 77;v. 30-32, no. i; 1885-1888)February 8, June 14, 1873Saturday Evening Herald (w):Rail Splitter (w): v. i, no. 5, 910, March i, June 25, 1879; February28, 1880; December 10, 1881 ;12-18; July 21, August 18, 25,September 3, 8, 15, 22, 29,January 14, 21, August 5,October 6, 13, 27, 1860. [Numberfor September 3 called November 4, 18, 25, 1882;September 23, 30, October 7, 21,Pictorial Rail Splitter]February i, June 9, 1883; MayRailroad Gazette (w): October 22,17, July 26, 1884; August 15,i87o-August 5, 18711885; July 10, 1886; FebruaryRailway Advertising Bulletin (d):26, 1887; July 7, 1888+ [Augustv. i, no. i-ioo; August 4-21, i897-November 10, 1900November 20, 1879missing]Railway Age (w): v. 6-n; 1881- Schoolmaster, Chicago (m) v. 4-:1886v. 6, no. 56; 187 1- January 1873Railway and Engineering Review Sloan's Garden City (w) v. :1-3 ;(w): v. 27; 1887. (ContinuesJuly 23, i853-May 5, 1855Chicago Railway Review)Spiritual Record (w): v. i; 1879;Railway Review, Chicago (w): v.v. 2, no; 14, 188015-26; July 7, i877-December Standard (w): v. 21 + , September25, 188624, 1874 +Real Estate and Building Journal Star Weekly: v. i, no. 5,November(w); March 2, 1872- July 3, 1897Record, Chicago (m): v. 1-5;States, The: v. i, no. 8, 11, September8, November 17, 1877April i, i857-March 15, 1862Religio-Philosophical Journal (w): Sun (d): v. 3, no. 67, February 10,March 25, i87i-April 13, 18951872Republican, Chicago: (i) v. 14; Sunday School Scholar (m): v. 2,November 25, i865-September 1870

372 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGOcontinuedChicago Historical SocietyCHICAGOTeacher, Chicago (w): v. 1-2;1873-1874Telegraph, Chicago Daily: nos.1-1046; March 26, i878-May 9,1881Times (d and w): v. i, no. i; June12, i852-May 2, 1853; April 3,May 2, 1856; January 13, 1857;January 6, 14, 20, February 6,May 8, June 4, October 27, 31,November 13, December 25,1858; May 24, 1860; June 8, n-20, October 15, 1861; January i,5, 8, 25, 31, February 20, March18, 25, April 9, 15, May 3, 9,1 1, 13, 26, July 20, August 10, 17,September, 3, 14, 28, November2, December 10, 28, 1862; January25, February 8, April 15, May2, June 14, July 12, 26, September27, October 4, 17, 25, Novemberi,December 6, 20, 1863; January10, 13, March 13, May 10,15, 22, June 3, 12, 19, July 17,August 28, September 22, October9, 30, November 23, December17, 18, 1864; January 29,February 5, 26, March 12, 15,17, 21, April 16, May 14, October4, 31, November 4, December31, 1865; January 25,February 21, 23, 24, 25, 26,March 4, April 22, 29, July 8,September 9, 17, November 12,27, December 25, 31, 1866;January 13, February 24, March2, 26, April 5, May 25, June 2,13, 18, August 9, 14, September28, December 29, 1867; March29, May 24, 31, June 6, 7, 13, 21,28, July 19, October 18, Novemberi, 4, 1868; February 18,May u, October 10, 18, 31,November n, 14, 1869; Januaryi, 27, February i, 25, May 20,27, 31, June i, 2, n, 12, 19, 20,21, 24, 26, 27, July 3, 4, 13-15,17, 22, 23, 26, 29, 31, August 8,n, 13-15, 17, 19, 21, September18, 25, December 2, 4, 1870;June 23, July 22, 27, August 15,September 23, 26, October i, 19,1871; December 8, i87i-March30, 1872; September 29, October9, 10, 1872; April 13, 1873; July15, 16, Octobers, 1874; Januaryi872-September, 1887Times and Herald, Daily: v. i, no.3, 42, 48; September 10, 17, 24,1860Times-Herald, Chicago (d) March,:iSgo-April, 1898. [Consol. w.Record March 28, 1901]Tribune (w): v. i-v. 2, no. 21;April 4, i84o-August 21, 1841.All publishedTribune, Chicago (d): v. 14 + ;October 25, 1860 + [See Pressand Tribune]Union Park Banner: v. 3, no. 7;March, 1872United States Medical and SurgicalJournal (q): v. i; 1865-1866;v. 5, no. 15; April, 1869; v. 6,no. 22, 24; January, July, 1871;v. 7; 1871-1872; v. 8, no. 29, 31,32; October, 1872, April, July,1873 v. 9, no. 33, 34, 36; October;1873, January-July, 1874Unity: v. 10, n, 17+1890 +Voice of Masonry (m): v.; 1883, 1884,5, 6;i867,-i868; v. 7, no. 4; 1869;v. n, no. 4; 1873; v. 12-15;1874-1877; v. 16, no. 6, 8; 1878;v. 18-20; 1880-1882; v. 21, no.9; 1883. [Missing v. 6, no. i; v.12, no. i, 6; v. 13, no. i, 6, 9-12;v. 15, no. 9, ii ;v. 18, no. 13,6-8; v. 19, no. 5, 9; v. 20, no. i-o]Voice of the Fair (w): v. i, no. 1-22 ;April 27- June 24, 1865Volante (m) : v. i, no. 6; v. 2, no. i ;v. 3, no. 4; v. 4, no. 1-5; v. 5,no. 3; v. 6, no. 5, 6Washington (m) 1876-1893:Watchmakers 1 :Magazine (m) v. 2,no. 5, 6; March, April, 1873Watchman (m): v. 2, no. 9; July,1876; v. 3, no. 3, 18; Decemberi, 1876, October i, 1877Watchman of the Prairies (w): v. i-6; August 10, i849-February 22,1853. [Became Christian Times,then Standard]West End Advocate (w): v. n, no.304; December 14, 1878Western Agriculturalist and LiveStock Journal: 1878-1898

CHICAGOLIBRARY FILES 37321, no. 3, 5, 6,continued8, 10 ; January 19, February 2,Chicago Historical Society9, 23, March 8, 1879CHICAGOYouth's Gazette: v. i, no. 8; JulyPreacher (w): v.Western Bookseller (m): v. i, no.26, 1843.lo-v. 2; October, i868-December,CHESTER1869. [Missing v. 2, no. 6, 10] Randolph County Democrat: v. 3,Western Citizen (w): v. i-n;no. 120, 132; April 16, July 9,1842-1853. [Continued as Free1859; v. 6, no. 18, 20; May 3,April, 1856West]Western Garland: v. 2, no. 5;17, 1862COMMERCETimes and Seasons.Western Herald (w): v. i, no. 1-53 ;DECATTIRSee NauvooApril, 1847Illinois State Chronicle (w): v. 3,Western (m): v. 2, no. i ;no. 51; December 24, 1857;1846- March 31,HomeJuly, 1869.v. 4, no. 7, 40-41; February 18,Western Magazine (m) v. : i ; 1845October 7, 14, 1858Western Magazine (m): v. 3-5; DIXON1879-1881Telegraph (w): n. s. no. 180; MayWestern Manufacturer (m): v. i,8, 18732; April, i874-March, 1875. Telegraph and Herald (w): n. s. no.[1877-1886, incomplete]170; February 27, 1873Western Monthly: v. 1-4; 1869- Western Farmer (m): 1875-18771870. [Continued as Lakeside[incomplete]Monthly]DWIGHTWestern Paper Trade (m): 1881Western Postal Review: v. 5, no.1882 (incomplete)Western Pulpit (m): v. i ;18663; December, 1877EDWARDSVILLEWestern Railroad Gazette (w): v. i- Crisis (w): v. i, no. 19, 22, August4, 7; 1857-1864. Quarto series,14, September 9, 1830v. 2, 1870-1871Illinois Advocate (w): v. i. no, 2;Western Rural: v. 6-8; 1868-February 23, i83i-August 7,1870; v. 13-32; 1875-1894. (Except1832v. 6, no. 1-9.) [ContinuedIllinois Corrector (w): v. no. i, 45;as Western Rural and AmericanAugust 25, 1828Stockman, with no. for SeptemberSpectator: v. 1-6; April 18, 1820-22, 1883]Western Shoe and Leather ReviewFebruary 8, 1825ELGIN(w): v. 3, no. 8; February 21, Advocate: v. 29, no. 51; December187822, 1883Western Tablet (w): v. i, no. 2,Gazette: v. i, no. 26, 29; January4-8, n, 13, 15, 16, 19-22, 24,18, Februarys, 185127-29, 31, 34, 36, 38-44; v. 2, no. Western Christian: v. 1-6; 1846-6-8, 32-35, 39; February 14,1849i852-October 29, 1853GALENAWestern Temperance Advocate (w):Advertiser: v. i, no. 1-42; July 20,1865-18681829; May 24, 1830Wild Edgerton 'sWeekly Evergreen: Advertiser (semi-w): v. 10, no.no. 1-52; 1876-187715; June 15, 1847Words of Life (m): v. i, no. 6. [No Daily Courier: v. i, no. 25;date]February 8, 1856World, Chicago: v. 10, no. 41; Democrat: v. 2. no.December 4, 1880184035; May 30,Young Folks 1 Rural: v. 7, no. 5; Galenian: v. i, no. 1-36; May 2,September, 1880. [Supplement]1832Youth's Evangelist and Little Jeffersonian: v. 2, no. 12; Mar. 23,

374 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGO continuedChicago Historical SocietyGALENAMiners 1 Journal: July 22, 1828-September 19, 1829; June 12,1830Northwestern Gazette (w): v. 19,no. 2; Nov. 2, 1852Northwestern Gazette and GalenaAdvertiser |s-w): v. 5, no. 12;June 18, 1842GENESEOStandard: v. i,no. n; Nov. i, 1855GALESBURGKnoxiana (m): v. 6, no. 1-8,November, 1856- June, 1857Oak Leaf (m): v. i, no. 2-3, 7-8;November, December, 1856;April, May, 1857GRAYVILLEHerald: v, 3, no. 20; September12, 1857GREENVILLEProtestant Monitor: v. 2, no. 36;March 5, 1847; v. 3, no. 3;August 18, 1847; extra, December17, 1845HAMILTONDollar Monthly and Old Settlers'Memorial (m): v. 1-5; May i,i873-April, 1877HENNEPINGenius 0} Universal Emancipation:no. 2-12; 1839Journal: v. i, no. 24, 26, 30, 43;October 12, 26, 1837; January27, March 3, 1838HlLLSBOROMontgomery County Herald (w):v. 4, no. 50; July 3, 1858HlJTSONVILLEJournal: v. i. no, 2; June 12, 1852HYDE PARKDaily Sun: 5th year, no. 1-198;May id-December 31, 1878Herald: January 3, i885-September30, 1887; v. 8, no. 25-36;October 7-December 30, 1887;v. 9; 1888; v. 10, no. 1-13;January 4-March 29, 1889JACKSONVILLEIllinoisan (w): v. 3, no. 14; Aprilii, 1840; v. 4, no. 5; Feb. 13,1841; v. 6, no. 32, 50, 52;November 17, 1843, March 22,April 9, 1844Illinois Democrat: v. i, no 3;June 3, 1840Illinois Statesman (w): v. i, no. i3,6,8-9,11, 13, 15-16, 18-25,27-3. 33-34, 36-38. 40-45. 47-48, 50-52; April i843-May 27,1844Morgan Journal: v. 6, no. 8;July 21, 1849Republican (w): v. 25, no.March 14, 1861n;Western Star (semi-m) v. : i ;1845(odd nos.); v. 2, no. 6; March31, 1846JOLIETRepublican and Sun: v. 16, no.21 1 ; September 6, 1888Republican: n. s. v. 2, no. 46;March 21, 1874Signal, v. i, no. 29, 30; Dec. 27,1843, Jan. 3, 1844Sun (d): v. 6, no. 10; October 6,1879KANKAKEEHerald (w): v. i, no. 30; April 26,1873KASKASKIAIllinois Intelligencer (w): v. 3, no.42, 47-48; June 16, July 21, 28,1819; v. 9, no. 37; December 2,1825; v. 12-15; March 14, 1829-January 28, 1832 [incomplete];v. 13, no. 22; September 19,1829KNOXVILLEDiocese: \. 5, no. i; May, 1877LEWIS TONFulton Democrat: v. 15, no. 17;October 22, 1869LITTLE FORTLake County Visiter (sic):v. i, no.3, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 18-20, 22-4;May 4-October 2, 1847Porcupine, Little Fort: v. 1-12;March 4, i845-March 23, 1847LOWELLGenius of Liberty: December 19,i84o-April 2, 1842 [completefrom v. i, no. i]MARSHALLClark County Herald: v. i, no.13, 16, 27,' 38; 1868-1869; v. 3,no. 9, 49; 1870-1871; v. 8, no.34, 42, 43, 50, 51; 1875; v. 9, no.7, 15, 20, 30; 1876; v. 12, no.43; 1879

LIBRARY FILES 375CHICAGO continuedChicago Historical SocietyMARSHALLEastern Illinoisan: v. 2, 4, 6, n. s.5; 1854-1882; [incomplete]Hornet: v: i, no. 4, 9, 13, 14. 25,2 7-3 35. 3 8 435 November i,December 6, 1859; January 3,10, March 29, April 12, 19, 26,May 3, June 7, 28, August 2,1860Illinois State Democrat: v. 2, no.32; September 31, 1850Messenger: v. 2, 5, 7, 10, n, 12, 34;1866-1884; [incomplete]Monitor: September, 1886Telegraph: v. i, 2, n. s. v. i, 3;1852-1856; [incomplete]MILFORDHerald: v. 27, no. 16; January'i, I93MlLLINGTONEnterprise: September 7, 1876-August 13, 1877MOLINEReview: v. n, no. 2; January 10,1880MORRISAdvertiser: v. 2, no. i; August 4,1866Grundy County Herald v. i (o. s.10) no. 44; February 8,1865Herald: v. 20, no. 6; September17, 1875Herald and Advertiser: v. 19, no.21 ;December 27, 1873MOUND CITYJournal: v. i, no. 46; September28, 1865National Emporium: v. i, no. 18;October 9, 1856NAUVOOHancock Eagle: v. i, no. 1-4, 6-7,9-11; April 3, 10, 17, 24, May8, 15, 29, June 5, 12, 1846New Citizen: February 24, March10, 1847Neighbor: v. i, 2; 1843-1845Times and Seasons (m, semi-m):n. 1-6; December, i839~February15, 1846Wasp: 1842NASHVILLEJournal: v. 18, no. 23; June n,1880OLNEYTimes (w): v. 3, no. 20; November19, 1858; v. 4, no. 45, 52; May18, July 6, 1860; v. 17, no. 22;June i, 1881OQUAWKALeisure Moments (m): v. i, nos.i-n; August,OTTAWA1870- June, 1871American Miller (m): v. i, no. i;May, 1873; v. 2, no. i; May,1874.Statesman (w): v. i, no. 15; March23, 1869PALESTINERuralist: v. i, no. 37; Februaryi9 1857PARISIllinois Statesman: v. i, no. 36;November 9, 1838; n. s. v. i,no. 4; January 31, 1840PEORIAIllinois Teacher (m): v. 2, no. i-n;1856; v. 3, no. 6, 12; 1857;v. 4; 1858; v. 5, no. 1-3, 8-10,12; 1859; v. 6, no. 1-2, 4; 1860;v. 10, no. i6; 1864; v. 18, no.7-8; 1872Memento and Odd Fellows NorthwesternMagazine (m): v. 1-5;1854-1860; v. 7-8; April, 1867-March, 1869Daily National Democrat: v. i,no. 56, 65; October 26, November5, 1865Peoria Register and NorthwesternGazetteer: v. 1-3; 1837-1839QUINCYCourier, Daily Morning: v. i, no.10; September 22, 1845Democrat, Daily: Quincy: v. i, no.61; November 2, 1858Herald: v. 4, no. 2; October 16,1846; v. 12, no. 263; September* 5, 1862; v. 13, no. 219; JulyJf 18, 1863; v. 14, no. 18; November28, 1863Illinois Bounty Land Register: v.i, no. i; April 17, 1835News, Quinsy Daily: no. 156;August 7, 1877Daily Skirmisher: no. 1-5; October11-15, *864Tribune and Free Soil Banner:v. i, no. i; September 13,1848

376 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGOcontinuedChicago Historical SocietyROBINSONConstitution: v 19, no. 41 ;January3, 1883ROCK SPRINGWestern Pioneer: September i,1830; July 17, 1835ROCKFORDForum: v. 4, no. 46-50; v. 5, no.no. i; January 27, February 3,10, 17, 24, March 17, 1847RUSHVILLEIllinois Republican: v. i, no. 4;January 2, 1840; extra, February3, 1840Test: v. i, no. 29; Dec. 6, 1838ST. CHARLESBetter Covenant: v. 2, no. 1-43, no.51; 1843-1844. [Pub. in Chicagobeginning v. 2, no. 14, April 6,1843]SHAWNEETOWNIllinois Gazette: v. 2, no. 22, 40,41, v. 3, no. 51; March 16, July29, August 5, 1820; February 2,1822Illinois Republican: v. 2, no. 40;Nov 12, 1842SPRINGFIELDIllinois Herald: v. 2, no. 13 ; April13. 1833Illinois State Journal: v. 8-25,no. 260; i855-April 16, 1873;v. 36, no. 175; January 3, 1884;September 13, 1887 [incomplete]Illinois State Register: 1839-18 ;o;1849-1857; [incomplete]; n. s.v. 8, no. 7, October 2, 1846Illinois Synoptical Reporter (bi-m) :v. i, no. 3; December, 1879Illinois Washingtonian (m): v. i,no. i; March i, 1845Illinois Unionist and Statesman:v. i, no. 33; March 9, 1853Masonic Trowel (m): v. i, no. 6-ii ; August-December, 1862; v.4, no. 12; December 15, 1865; v.n, n. s. no. 13, 15-17; June,August-October, 1872Odd Fellows Union (m): v. i ;March, i866-February, 1867Sangamon Journal: v.516; 18361847 [incomplete]State Argus (w): v. i, no. i; July10, 1879STERLINGGazette: v. 9, no. 24; September i,1866 ; v. 14, no. 34, 43 ;November4, 1871; January 6, 1872; v. 16,no. 4, 12, 23; April 5, May 31,August 16, 1873; v. 21, no. 27;April 3, 1875Republican and Gazette: v. i, no.15; June 26, 1858Standard: v. i. no. 85; March 8,1878VANDALIAAge of Steam: v. i, no. 7, 9, 15-17,22, 24-25, 27-28, 31, 33-37, 39-41, 44, 52; May 20, 1854-June23, 1855Fayette Yeoman and Railroad Journal:v. i, no. i, 6, 9, 19, 2122,3 2 .3S-3 6 . 4i; June 23, 1849-May 25, 1850. [Between August25 and December i, 1849, titlechanged to Fayette Yeoman]Fayette County News: v. 3, no.18; June 10, 1880Weekly Union: v. 18, no. 19;August 10, 1 88 1Free Press: v. i, no. 37, 43, 46, 48,52; April 6, June 15, July 6, 20,August 31, 1844Free Press and Illinois Whig: v. i,no. 14, March 4, 1837; v. 2, no.14, 47; October 28, 1837; July28, 1838; v. 3, no. n, 14, 18, 19,32, 34, 35, 40, 42, 50; January10, 24, February 21, 28, June 7,21, 28, August 2, 16, Novemberi, 1839; v. 4, no. 6, 10, 18, 23,26, 27, 31; January 24, February21, April 24, May 29, June 19,July 24, 1840; v. i, n. s. no. 21,nos. 25; 1843Illinois Advocate and State Register(w): January 12, 1833- June 24,1835Illinois Intelligencer. (See Kaskaskia)Illinois Monthly Magazine: v. i, 2,1830-1831; 1831-1832Illinois State Register and IllinoisAdvocate: n. s. v. i, no. 720;March 25- June 24, 1836 [1837-1839] [with v. i, no. 20 titlechanged to Illinois State Registerand People's Advocate]Whig and Illinois Intelligencer:n. s. v. 2, no. 18, 33-34, 43, 46-

LIBRARY FILES 377CHICAGOcontinuedChicago Historical SocietyVANDALIA49, 52; August 21, 1833- June 12,1834, v. 3, no. i, 8; June 19,August 28, 1834WARSAWSignal: January 15, February 10,May 14, 1845 [incomplete];v. 2, no. 29, 32; September 17,October 29, 1845; v. 3, no. 12,24, 25, 27; June 17, October 20,27, November 14, 1846WATSEKAIroquois County Times: v. 9, no.35; August 30, 1879WESTFIELDPantagraph: v. 2, no. 50; April28, 1 88 1WEST YORKAdvance: v. i, no. 33; August 22,1884; v. 2, no 33; August 14,1885John Crerar Library (J)CHICAGOAmerican Antiquarian and OrientalJournal: v. i + , April, 1878+.[v. i, 2, entitled American Antiquarian]American Bee Journal: v. 19, no.1-16, 18-30, 35-49; 1883.Botanical Gazette (m): v. i +,1875+ [v. i, Botanical Bulletin]Bureau: v. 1-3; October, 1869-July, 1872. [v. i, no. 1-5subtitle reads A Chronicle of theCommerce and Manufacturers ofChicago]Carriage Journal (m): v. 15, no. 4-v. 18 (inc.); April, 1890-1893Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung: v. 10,no. 125; October, 1886 -f-Chronicle: \. i, no. n, 29, 3236,38, 40-46; March 15, July 19,August 9~September 6, September20, October-November 15,1866; v. 3, no. 38, 53; September17, December 31, 1868. [v. i,Banking and Insurance Chroniclev. 3 and 38, Insurance Chronicle]Daily Commercial Bulletin: 1871-1886. [1886 + = Daily TradeBulletin']Chicago Commercial Express:[daily edition of Chicago CommercialExpress and WesternProduce Reporter]; 1864-1867.Discontinued in 1871. [v. for1864-1866, daily edition of Well'sCommercial Express and WesternProduce Reporter]Chicago Daily Commercial Letter:v. 3-8; 1858-1863. [In 1868incorporated with Chicago DailyCommercial Report]Electrotyper: v. 1-5; 1873-1877Emery's Journal of Agriculture:v. 1-2, no. 14; 1858 (w). [January,1859 merged with PrairieFarmer]Engineering News: v. 2 + ; 1875 +Fackel: v. 4, no. 49 + ;April 8,1883 + [1883-1886 inc.; 1887,1888, 1890, January 18, 1891-May 22, 1892, December 4,1892 wanting]Hospital Bazaar: no. 1-6 November16-25; 1874. [No;moreissued]Industrial World and Iron Worker:v. n, no. 24~v. 50, no. n; 1879-March 17, 1898; [v. 11-14, no.6 , Chicago Commercial A dv ertiser]Investigator: v. 1-37, no. 4; June,i874-January, 1908Investigator: v. 1-37, no. 4; June,i874-January, 1908. [Ceasedpublication January, 1908,merged with Insurance Field]Chicago Journal of Commerce: v.68-72, no. 13; 1896. [Since v.72, no. 13, Iron and Steel]Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873. [Nomore published]Chicago Medical Journal andExaminer: v. 5-58; April, 1849-January, 1889 (m, semi-m, v.25-26, no. 18) [v. 5-14 = NorthwesternMedical and SurgicalJournal', v. 15-32 = ChicagoMedical Journal. In September,1875, Chicago Medical Journaland Medical Examiner wereunited]Chicago Medical Times: v. i, no.6+ [v. i, 3-7, 9-12, 14 inc. v.8 wanting]; 1869+National Live Stock Journal: v.3-9; 1872-1878

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGOcontinuedJohn Crerar LibraryCHICAGONorthwestern Review (w): v. i, no.lo-v. n, no. 6; December, 1868-December, 1874. (v.6= NorthwesternWeekly Review)Printing Press: v. 12, no. 3; July,i875~October, 1876. (v. i,quarterly, v. 2 bi-monthly) (allpub.)Railway Age: v. 1-45, June,i876-May 31, 1908. [v. 16-28= Railway Age and MonthlyRailroader; June, 1908, continuedas Railroad Age Gazette]Railway and Engineering Review:v. 10, no. 18; May 8, 1875; v.20, no. 22+; May 29, 1880+(inc.)[v. 20-35 = Railway Review]Rapid Writer: v. 1-7; January,i869-November, 1878. [v. i.published in Boston, Mendonand Andover, Mass.; v. 2-3, inAndover; v. 1-5, (q); v. 6-7, (m)]Specimen: v. 1-14; 1867-1880Western Brewer and Journal of theBarley, Malt and Hop Trade:23 + ; 1898 +Western Druggist: v. 3+; 1881 +[v. 6, no. 6 wanting.]Western Manufacturer: v. 3-9;May, i879-October, 1881Western Photographic News: v. i,no. 4-5 ; October-November,1876, v. i, i-io, 12; July, 1875-June, 1876.SPRINGFIELDIllinois State Register: v. i, no.1-36; June 12-September 3, 1847Newberry Library (H)CHICAGOAdvance: v. 7-13; 1874-1889American, Daily Chicago: April 3-November 4, 1839; Novembern, 1 830-April 7, 1840; April 9-October 3, 1840; October 5,i840-September 29, 1841; [missing:April n, 1841]; April 9-October 15, 1842A merican A ntiquarian and OrientalJournal: v. i+; 1878 +American Journal of Insanity: v.i+; 1844 +American Journal of MateriaMedica: v. i, no. 14; 1860-1861Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung: May-December, 1879; 1880.1884;July-December, 1886; 1887-1889.Botanical Gazette: v. 5, 17-21;1880-1896Cynosure: 6-32; 1874-1900Express, Chicago: October 24,i842-April 22, 1843Fackel [Sonntagsblatt der ChicagoerArbeiter-Zeitung] : 1879-1884 ;1886-1889Field Piece: v. i, 1848Freie Presse: Die [Daheim is theSunday edition of the FreiePresse]. March n-July 25,1872 [with Daheim]; January22-December 30, 1873; [withDaheim; incomplete]; January2 June 30, 1873 [with Daheim;incomplete]; Continued asChicagoer Freie Presse: July 2-December 31, 8174 [withDaheim]; Continued [December14+] as:Chicagoer Neue Freie Presse: January2-June 30, 1875 [withoutDaheim]; July i, i875-December31, 1878 [with Daheim];[missing: January i, 1877];January i-June 30, 1879 [withDaheim and Wochen-ausgabe] ;July i, i879-December 31, 1882;(mission: January i, 1880;January i, 1881); [with Daheim]Continued asChicagoer Freie Presse (Morgenblatt):May i, 1883- June 30,1885 [with Daheim and Wochenausgabe];November i, 1885-June 26, 1886 lacks Wochenausgabe;November, i885~June,1866; July i, i886-June 30,1891; [missing: December 31,1888; June 30, 1889] [withDaheim]; July i-December 31,1891 [with Daheim and Wochenausgabe];[missing: January i,1889]; January i, i892-December31, 1898; [missing: June 30,1892; June 27-30, 1898]; [withDaheim and Wochen-ausgabe'];[missing: January i, 1891]

LIBRARY FILES 379CHICAGOcontinuedNewberry LibraryCHICAGONeue Chicagoer Freie Presse(Abendblatt) : January 2- June 301890 [with Daheim and Wochenausgabe];July i-December 31,1890 [with Daheim and Wochenausgabe];Continued [March 23,1891 + ] as:Neue Chicagoer Freie Presse undChicagoer Hausfreund- VereinigtesAbendblatt: January 2-June ,50,1891 [with Daheim and Wochenausgabe];July i, iSgi-June 30;1896 [with Daheim]; [missing:January i, 1892; June 27-30,1892; January i, 1894]; July i-December3i, 1896 [with Daheimand Wochen-ausgabe] ;Continued[December i, 1896 + ] as:Abend-Presse: January 2, 1897June 20, 1898 [with Daheim andWochen-ausgabe]; [missing: Julyi, 1897; January i, 1889):[missing: January i, 1897]Chicagorr Freie Presse (MittagsblattMayi,1883 + ): January 2,i883-December 31, 1884 [withDaheim and Wochen-ausgabe];October 29, i885-November 301889 [with Daheim]; [missing:January i, 1887; January 1,1889]Higgin's Musical Review: v. i,no. 1-9; 1866-1867Inter-Ocean (d) September-:December 1871; April-December,1872; April-December,1874; January-September, 1875;1876-1880; January-September,1881, 1882-1904+Journal (d): August 31, 1844-April 21, 1845; September-December, 1845; 1846-1850;January-March, November-December,1851; January-March,1852; 1853; January- June, October-December,1854; January-March, 1855; January-March,October-December, 1856; January-June,1857; 1858-1865;April-December, 1866; January-September, 1867); July-December,1808; 1869-1870; July-December, 1871; 1872; January-June, 1895 ; March-December,1896; 1897-1903; January-March, 1904Journal (w):1847-1853; 1863-1872; April-December, 1873;1874-1894Journal oj Nervous and MentalDisease: v. i+; 1874 +Chicago Legal Adviser: v. 10-17;no. 44-47, 49-52; 1890, 1891-1897 ; 1898-1905 + ; [Continuedas Law Register]Legal News: October 14, 1871-December, 1895 ; July-December,1897Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873Living Church: v. i ; 1878Chicago Medical Examiner: 1-16;1860-1875. [Continued as below]Chicago Medical Journal andExaminer: 5-58; 1848-1889Chicago Medical Times: 1-7, 12+ ;1869 +Daily News: May December,1877; 1878-1894; 1895; Julymissing; 1896-1899; January2-13, 15-31, 1900; February-December, 1900; [missing: Aprili; April 15; May 16-31; June1-15; July i, 15; September 16-30; December 16]; 1901; [missing:June 16; September 15;October 15, 1901]Post: December 23, i86o-March31, 1861; July-December, 1861;July, i862-December, 1864Evening Post: June 15, 1894[special tax list of Cook County]Chicago Record: May-November,1893.Republican:November December3, 1865; 1866-1871; [missing:October 9, 1870]; January-March,i872Saturday Evening Herald: v. 43+ ;1896 +Tagliche Illinois Staats-Zeitung:January 8-June 29, 1861 [withChicago Sonntags-Zeitung]; Julyi-December3i, 1861 [withsame].Continued [April 14, 1862 + ]asIllinois Staats-Zeitung, TdglicheAusgabe: January u, 1862-May 8, 1869; [missing: December31, 1862; December 31,1863]. Continued as

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGOcontinuedNewberry LibraryCHICAGOIllinois Staats-Zeitung: January i-September 29, 1866; January 4-June 29, 1867; July 3-December31, 1867; January i-June 27,1868; 1869 [Bd. with 1864];May n, 1870-June 30, 1875;[missing: January i, 1871; October8-i i, 1871; December 31,1871; June 30, 1872]; July i-December31, i875[with Der Westen,i.e., Sunday issue of the I. S.-Z.];January 2, 1876- June 30, 1885;[missing: December 31, 1877;January i, 1878; December 31,1882; December 31, 1883; June,1884]; August o-December 31,1885; January i, i886-April i,1901 [missing: December 31,1880; December 31, 1891; June29-30, 1892; January i, 1899;October i, 1899; December 31,1899; April i, 1900; July i, 1900;September 30, 1900; [January2, 1876- June 30, 1898, with DerWesteri\Illinois Staats-Zeitung, Abendblatt:March 27, i893-December 31,1894; [missing: December 31,1893; July i, 1894]. Continued(October 24, 1894+) asAbendblatt: January 2, i895~July27, 1899; [missing: January i,1895; June 30, 1895; January i,1896; January i, 1897; Januaryi, 1898; January 1-2, 1899]Chicago Sonntags-Zeitung, (Sonntags-Ausgabeder III. Staats-Zeitung) : March 4, 1862-September 28, 1863 [incomplete];January 17, December 25, 1864[incomplete]; January i, 1865-December 29, 1867 [missing:January 1-6, 1866]. ContinuedasDer Westen (Sonntags-Ausgabe derI. S. Z.): January 2, 1868-December 26, 1869 [incomplete];November 22, 1868- June 17,1869; January i-October 5,1871 [Bd. with preceding]; January2, i87o-October 8, 1871;January 7-December 29, 1872;January 5-December 28, 1873;January n-December 27, 1874;January id-December 30, 1900.Illinois Staats-Zeitung (WochentlicheAusgabe) : January 2, 1862-July 19, 1870 [incomplete];March 26, i863-December 27,1865 [incompete]; January 25,i866-December 31, 1867; [incomplete];January 7, 1868-1869;1872-1884; 1886-1890; 1891-1899; [missing: January 2,1882]National Sunday School Teacher:1-2, 4-8, 10; 1866-1875Owl: v. 1-2; 1874-1876Railway Age and NorthwesternRailroader: v. 6-7, 11-19; 1881-1894Times: August 2o-December 31,1857; January- June, October-December, 1858; April-December,1859; January-March, 1860;October-December, 1866; January-December,1867 ; July-December, 1868; April-December,1869; 1870; January-June,1871; 1872-1880; February-December, 1881; February-December, 1882; 1883-1890;January-June, 1891, May-October, 189351894Times - Herald: May - October,1893; 1894; 1895; 1896; 1897;1898; 1899; 1900; January-April, 1901. Continued asRecord Herald: May-December,1901; 1902; 1903; 1904; January-October, 1905Tribune (d): 1862 [missing: Julyi]; 1863; 1864; 1865; [missing:January i; May 21; December26-31]; 1866; [missing: July i];1868; 1869; 1870; 1871; [missing:October 9-10]; 1872;October 9-31]; 1873 +[missing:United States Medical Investigator:n. s. v. 1-3, 5-?, 3, v. 23; 1865-1887Der Westen: January 2, 1881-January 6, 1884; Published onSunday: January 10, 1884-January 3, 1896. Published onThursday: January 7, 1895-September n, 1899. Publishedon Monday: September 17-December 31, 1899. Published

LIBRARY FILESCHICAGOcontinuedNewberry LibraryCHICAGOon Sunday: 1881-1884: 1887-1889; (missing: December 31,1882).ELGINFox River Courier: v. i, no. 14, 35 ;November 12, i85i-April 7,1852.Gazette: v. i, no. 13; October 19,1850; v. 9, no. 9, 30, 48; July 29,December 23, 1863-April 27,1864; v. n, no. 4, 32; July 19,1865- January 31, 1866.LOCKPORTWill County Telegraph: v. i, no.37; September 27, 1849PEORIATranscript: 1864-1865SPRINGFIELDIllinois State Journal: 1864-1865Illinois Medical Journal: v. 1-14,17, 19+; 1851 +Illinois Synoptical Reporter: v. i ;1879VANDALIAIllinois Medical Recorder: v. i ;1878-1879Illinois Monthly Magazine: v. 1-2;1830-1832Chicago Public Library (C)CHICAGOAdvance: v. 8-9, 20-56+ ; 1874-1908+Alliance and Radical Review: v. 4-5, 9-10; 1876-1883American Antiquarian and OrientalJournal: v. i+; 1878+American Home: v. 1-4, 7-10,1877-1880Argus: v. 8, 16-23, 34, 52+;1878+Commercial Bulletin, Daily, seeTrade Bulletin, DailyCommercial Report, Daily: v. 13,18-24, 26-27; 1872-1886; [vols.for 1872, 1877-1878 entitledDaily Commercial Report andMarket Review}Democratic Press, Daily: 1854-1858Engineering News: v. 3+ ; 1876+ ;[vols. 9-18 entitled EngineeringNews and American ContractJournal; vols., 19+ entitledEngineering News and AmericanRailway Journal]Factory and Farm: v. 5; 1879Foundlings' Record: v. 4-5, 7-9;1874-1879Chicagoer Freie Presse: 1872-1873;1891-1901Gem of the West: v. 7-9; 1873-1875; [December nos. of 1874and 1875 missing]Hejmdal: 1874-1876Staats-Zeitung: 1871 +Sonntags-Zeitung: 1862-1866Ilustreret Familieblad: v. 12, no.13-15; 1879-1880Inter-Ocean: 1873 +Evening Journal: 1873-1896Lakeside Monthly: v. 15, 6, no.3 r 33; v. 7-11; 1869-1874Land Owner: v. 4-5; 1872-1873Legal News: v. 4-15 17 + ; ; 187 + 1Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873Chicago Librarian: v. i, no. 1-4;1872-1873Chicago Magazine: v. i, no. 1-3,55 1857Evening Mail: 1872Mining Review: v. 2-12, 1516;1879-1886Musical Bulletin: \. 1-2; 1879-1881Ndr Och Fjerran: v. i; 1874-1875National Live-Stock Journal: v. i-19; 1870-1888National Sunday School Teacher:v. 5, 7, 16; 1870-1888New Covenant: v. 31-32; 1878-1879Northwestern Review: v. 8-n, no.1-2, 6; 1873-1874Post: 1876-1878 [continued Postand Mail]Post and Mail: 1874-1876 [continuesas Post]Presbyterian Expositor: v. 1-2;1857-1859Railroad Gazette: v. 1-15, 30-45+ ;1870-1908 +Railway Review: v. 14+; 1877 +Record: v. 1-2, no. 3-12; 3, no. i-20, 22-24; 4> no. i-io, 12-24;5; 1857-1862. [Vol. 2-3 entitledChurch Record]Song Messenger: v. 12; 1874

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHICAGOcontinuedChicago Public LibraryCHICAGOSonntags-Zeitung: see Illinois StoatsZeitungStandard: v. 23, 48, 50+ ; 1875-1908+ no. ; i of ,v. 23 missingSunday-School Teacher: v. i; 1866Svornost: 1875-1900Telegraph: 1876Times: 1861-1895Trade Bulhtin, Daily: 187 1-1875-1900. (Vols. previous to 1888entitled Daily Commercial Bulletin)Tribune: 1861 +Union, Chicago: 1873Unity: v. 4-33; 20! ser., i, 3-5,41+; 1879. (New series entitledNew Unity)Voice of Masonry: v. n, 13-17;1873-1879Voice of the Fair: i ; 1865Vorbote: 1874-1885Western Confectioner and Baker:v. i6-7; 1879-1885Western Manufacturer: v. 35, 7-10; 1876-1882Western Postal Record: v. 6; 1873-1874Western Shoe and Leather Review:v. 1-3; 1877-1878Young Folks' Monthly: no. 50-61;i875Young Folks' Rural: v. 5-6;1878-1879Zeichen der Zeit: v. i ; 1869PEORIAIllinois Teacher: v. 2-5, 7-11, 3-16; 1856-1870.Memento: v. 7-8QUINCYWestern Agriculturist: v. 7-29;1875-1897SPRINGFIELDIllinois State Journal: 1873Odd-Fellows Union: v. i; 1876-1867North Park College. No reportIgnatius Library. No reportSt. Stanislaus Library. No reportUnion Catholic Library AssociationLibrary. No reportUniverstity of Chicago Library. Nofiles of newspapers; no report ofperiodicals.CHICAGO HEIGHTSFree Library.COAL CITYPublic Library.CORDOVAPublic Library.No reportNo reportNo reportCREAL SPRINGSCreal Springs College Library. NoreportDAKOTACollege of Northern Illinois LibraryNo filesDANVERSLibrary and Literary AssociationLibrary. No reportDANVILLEPublic LibraryDANVILLECommercial: 18661879Independent: Partial fileNews (w):1873-1874News(d):. 1876-1902Plaindealer: 1865-1867Spectator: Files'Times: 1868-1875Vermillion County Press: v. 2and 3SHAWNEETOWNGallatin Democrat and IllinoisAdvertiser: v. i, no. 4DECATURFree Public LibraryHerald: FilesRepublican (d): April i, 1872-December 31, 1880Republican (w) : July 30, 1868-July 18, 1872Review: FilesJames Milliken University Library.No filesDE KALBNorthwestern Illinois State NormalSchool Haish Library. NofilesDIXONDixon College Library.Public Library.No reportNo filesDOWNER'S GROVELadies' Library Association Library.No filesDUNDEEPublic Library.EARLVILLEPublic Library.EAST ST. LOUISPublic Library.No reportNo reportNo files

LIBRARY FILES 383EDWARDSVILLEPublic Library. No reportEFFINGHAMAustin College Library. No reportLadies' Library Association Library.No reportELGINGail Borden Public LibraryNews (d):June i, 1876 to dateELKHARTPublic Library. No filesEL PASOPublic Library.Journal: v. 42, no. 47 v. 45, no. 20;February 23, igoy-August 14,1909EUREKAEureka CollegeEVANSTONLibrary. No filesFree Public LibraryCHICAGOLittle Corporal: v. 15, 16; 1872-1873Northwestern University, OrringtonLunt Library. No files of newspapers.See John Crerar Library,List of Serials in Public Libraries ofChicago and EvanstonEvanston Historical Society Library.EVANSTONVidette:EWINGv. 1-3Ewing College Library. No reportFAIRBURYPublic Library.No reportFARMER CITYLibrary Association Library. NoreportFLORAPublic Library and Free ReadingRoom.No filesFRANKLIN PARKFree Lending Library.FREEPORTPublic Library.No filesNo reportFULTONNorthern Illinois College Library.No reportPublic Library.No reportGALENAPublic Library and Reading Room.No filesGALESBURGKnox College Library. No reportLombard College Library. NoreportPublic LibraryKnoxiana: October 1855- July, 1857Knox Student: 1879Oak Leaf: October, 1856- June 1857GENESEOPublic Library.GENEVAPublic Library.GILMANPublic Library.No filesNo filesNo filesGLADSTONENew Church Free Library. NoreportGREENUPPublic Library.No reportGREENVILLEGreenville College Library. NoreportPublic Library.GRIGGSVILLEPublic Library.No filesNo filesHAMILTONPublic Library.Representative: April 2, 16, JuneHARLEMI 5> J u ty I > J 5> September i,October i, 1860; August 10,September 10, 1862Harlem Library.No reportHARVEYLibrary Association Library. NoreportPublic Library.HAVANAPublic Library.HENRYNo filesNo filesWoman's Club Library.HIGHLAND PARKPublic Library. No filesNo filesHILLSBOROPublic Library and Reading Room.No filesHINSDALEPublic Library.HOMERHomer Library.HOOPESTONNo filesNo reportGreer College Library. No reportPublic Library. No filesJERSEYVILLEFree Library.No filesJOLIETPublic LibraryJOLIETCourier: v. i, 3 nos.News: April, 1877 to date

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJOLIETcontinuedPublic LibraryJOLIETRepublican: 1884 to dateSignal: 1846-1888Sun: 1862-1867 completeLOCKPORT>Telegraph: 1849KANKAKEEPublic Library.No reportKANSASMargaret E. Payne Public Library.No reportKEWANEEPublic Library.Advertiser: Partial filesCourier: Partial filesPublic School Messenger: PartialfilesUnion Democrat:KNOXVILLEPublic Library.LA GRANGEFree Public Library.Partial filesNo reportNo filesLAKE FORESTLake Forest College, Reid Library.No filesPublic Library.LA HARPEPublic Library.LA SALLEPublic Library.No filesNo filesNo filesLEBANONMcKendree College Library. NoreportLEWISTOWNCarnegie Public Library.No filesLEXINGTONLibrary and Reading Room. NoreportLINCOLNLincoln College Library.Public Library. No filesLITCHFIELDCarnegie Public Library.LODANo reportNo filesA. Herr Smith and E. E. SmithPublic Library. No filesLOMBARDFree Library. No filesMCLEANLibrary Association Library.MACOMBNo filesFree Public Library. No filesWestern Illinois State Normal SchoolLibrary. No filesMATTOONPublic Library.MAYWOODPublic Library.No filesNo reportMELROSE PARKPublic Library. No reportMENDOTAGraves Public Library.Observer: May-October, 1859;May, 1860; July, 1861Press (w):June, i858-May, 1859Mendota College Library. No reportMETROPOLISR. W. McCartney Public Library.No filesMILFORDPublic Library.No reportMOLINEPublic Library.Review: May, i873-December,1879, incl.Workmen: September, 1854-February, 1857MONMOUTHMonomuth College Library. NoreportWarren County Library AssociationLibraryMONMOUTHAtlas: No. i, October 30, 1846to date, except vols. 12, 13and 27 (yearly vols.)Democrat: No. 2-34, August,i853-March, 1853Review: No. i, December 28,1855, to date, except 6 nos. atthe end of vol. 1 2 and the beginningof v. 13 (yearly vols.)PEORIADemocratic Press: February,i842-February, 1843Register: April, i842-March,1843MONTICELLOAllerton Library.No filesMORGAN PARKGeorge C. Walker Library. NoreportMORRISONLiterary and Scientific AssociationLibrary. No reportMOUNT CARROLLPublic Library. No reportMOUNT MORRISMount Morris College, CasselLibrary. No files

LIBRARY FILES 385MOUNT STERLINGMount Sterling Library. No reportNAPERVILLENichols Library. No filesNorthwestern College Library.College Chronicle: 1873-1875, 1883to dateNEPONSETPublic Library.No filesNORMALIllinois State Normal UniverstiyLibrary.No filesOAK PARKPublic Library, Scpville Institute.No filesODELLPublic Library.OLNEYPublic Library.ONARGAPublic Library.OQUAWKAPublic Library.OREGONPublic Library.No reportNo filesNo reportNo reportNo reportOTTAWAReddick's LibraryOTTAWAFree Trader: 1850 to dateRepublican Times: 1856 todatePERUChronicle (d):1853-1854PARISCarnegie Library.PAXTONCarnegie Library.PEKINPublic Library.No filesNo filesNo filesPEORIALibraryDemocratic Press (d) : Januaryi854-December, 1855Democratic Press (w):February,1840- January, 1857Democratic Union (d): v. 6-8,i858-i85Q(?); June, i86o-September,i862.(Partof 1858 boundwith Peoria Daily MorningNews)Evening Review: January 1875-October, 1884Morning Mail: October-December,1862, bound with PeoriaDemocratic Union, 1862; January,1863- June, 18649,Morning News (d): December1854; February 26-28; March 3;May 3, 4, 14, 17, 1855National Democrat (d):September,1865- June, 1886Peoria Register and North-westernGazetteer: September, 1837-March, 1838; April, i84o-February,1843Press (tri-w) : January, 1853-January, 1854Republican (w): January, 1852-July, 1857Transcript (d) : December 20,i855-December, 1898Transcript (w): October, 1857-December, 1892PERUSt. Bede College Library.PITTSFIELDPublic Library.PLANOPublic Library.POLONo reportNo reportNo reportNo filesBuffalo Free Public Library.Polo Historical Society Library.MOUNT MORRISGazette (w): March 13, 20, 1851PONTIACPublic Library.PRINCETONMatson Library.No reportNo reportQUINCYFree Public Library and ReadingRoomHerald: Partial fileWhig: Partial fileRIVER FORESTPublic Library.No fileROCHELLEFlagg Township Library. No reportROCKFORDPublic LibraryForum: FilesFree Press: Partial fileHornet: Complete file, 1874-February, 1875Industrial Times: complete file,Feburary, 1874Republican: 1855-1862Rock River Express: Nearly completefile, 1840-1841Spirit Advocate: FileStar: File

386 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSROCKFORDcontinuedSHELBYVILLEPublic LibraryFree Public Library. No filesTimes: Complete file, February, SMITHTONi875~February, 1876Smithton Leseverein. No filesRockford College Library. No SPRINGFIELDreportConcordia College Library. NoROCK ISLANDfilesAugustana College LibraryLavinia BeachNo Free ReadingreportNo Rooms.reportPublic LibraryLincoln Library. No filesCHICAGODemocrat: February 8, 1837State HistoricalGRAFTONLibrary (S)Backwoodsman: November 3,ALTONi837Altonian: v. i, no. i; March 13,ROCK ISLAND .1838Advertiser: March 3, 1853- Courier (d): v. 2, no. 185, 301-303;February 12, 1857January 6, June 1-3, 1854; v. 3,Argus (d): September 16, 1856,no. 5, 7-10, 12-17, *9> 2I 2 > 3-to date27, 2961, 63-97, 101-124, 127Argus (w) January : 2, 1856-129, 133, 135-143. i4S- I 8i,December 26, 1866183-234, 236-316; June 5, 1854-Banner and Stephenson Gazette: May 30, 1855; v. 6, no. 1-299;v. i, no. i-v. 2, no. 9; AugustJune i, i857-May 31, 1858; v.24, i83o-October 30, 18407, no. 1-313; June i, 1858-Commercial (d):July 5, 1855- May 31, 1859. [No. 242 missing]January 31, 1859Illinois Temperance Herald: v. 3,Register (tri-w): February 5-no. 4; September, 1838August 4, 1859Observer: v. 3, nos. 36-41, 43-52;Republican: October 18, 1851-September 8, i836-January 26,December 26, 18551837; v. 4, nos. i ii, 14-26, 28;Rock Islander: September 19,February 2- August 10, 1837;1854-August 26, 1859; Jan-'v. 4, nos. 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41-uary 5, i878-December 31,46; December 28, i837-April189219, 1838Union (d):July i, 1867, to date Presbytery Reporter: v. 3, no. 8-21;Union (w): November 5, 1862-January, i856-May, 1857; v. 4,December 20, 1866no. 1-8, 10-14, 16. 18-25; July,ROCKTON185 7-August, 1859;Talcott Free Library. No v. 5, no.report1-13, 15-17; September, 1859-ROSEVILLEAugust, 1863;Public Library. No v. 6, no. 3-5;reportMarch May, 1864RUSHVILLEReporter oj the Synod of SouthernLibrary Association Library. NoIllinois and its Presbyteries: v. 8,filesno. 6, March, 1871ST. ANNESpectator:Ladies' Library. No n. s. v. i, no. 6; November12, 1834; v. 3, no. 38, 43, 44;reportST. CHARLESJuly 2O-August 31, 1837Library Association Library. Nov. ; 4, no.52; December 7, 1838; v. 5, no.reporti; January 3, 1839SALEMTaper (m):Bryan- Bennett Library. No v. i, no. 8, n; January,May, 1841reportSAVANNAHTelegraph:Public Library. No v. 3, no. 16, May 2,files1832SHEFFIELDTelegraph (d)Public Library. No v. : 2, no. 190; Janreport4, 1854

LIBRARY FILES 387SPRINGFIELDcontinuedState Historical LibraryALTONTelegraph and Madison CountyRecord: v. 19, no. 2; January 13,1854BEARDSTOWNBeardstown and Petersburg Gazette:v. i, no. 30. 48; June 30, November3, 1853Chronicle: v. i, no. 3739, 4143;March 8-April 19, 1834Daily Central Illinoisan: v. i, no.31; February 7, 1859; v. 25, no.5; November 24, 1881Democrat: v. 3, no. 15, 21; June13, August 22, 1861Gazette: v. 2, no. 26, 29, 40, 45-5 i ,February 12- August 27, 1847;v. 3, no. i, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10-13, 36,38, 44-52; September 3, 1847-September6, 1848; v. 4, no. i-n,13-16, 18, 19; September 13,i848-February 7, 1849; v. 6, no.17-22, 28-39, 42, 45-52; April23-December 31, 1851; v. 7, no.3-13. I5~i9> 21-25, 27-34; January2i-August 25, 1852BELLEVILLEAdvocate: v. n, no. 9-52; June20, i85o-April 17, 1851; v. 12,no. 1-18; April 24-August 21,1851Eagle: v. i, no. 2; August i, 1853Politician: v. i, no. 1-2, 7; April13, 20; June 8, 1844BELVEDEREStandard: v. 15, no. 42; January22, 1867BLOOMINGTONCentral Illinois Times: v. 2, no.8; February 10, 1854Illinois Teacher: see PeoriaIntelligencer: v. 6, no. 7; January7, 1852; v. 7, no. 6; January 19,1853Pantagraph: v. 13, no. 4; December29, 1858CAIRODemocrat (d): v. 2, no. 150-153,155, 161-163, 165-171, 173-176,179, 181-194, 199-208, 210-214,216-217, 219-220, 228, 230-231,2 33-236, 241-247, 251-256, 259,261-269, 274, 278-281, 287, 289,294-295, 298, 300, 302, 304;February 22-September i, 1865;v. 3, no. 3, 6-7, 1215, Z 8, 21-22,26, 29, 40, 50, 56, 63, 65-68, 75,79, 89, 91, 196, 204-205, 208,213, 217-221, 224-225, 227, 230,232, 234, 237, 240, 242-243, 246-250, 252, 256, 258260, 264271;September 3, 1865- July n,1866CANTONRegister: v. 3, no. 48; August 7,1852CARLINVILLEDemocrat: v. 13, no. n; November12, 1868Macoupin Statesman: v. i, no. 3;March 18, 1852CHAMPAIGNUnion and Gazette: \. 16, no.March 21, 186718;CHICAGOAmerican Churchman: v. 5, no. i,3-33. 35-52; April 5, 1866-March 28, 1867; v. 6, no. 1-39;April 4-December 26, 1867Journal: January 27, 1854Evening Journal: v. 27, no. 177-178, 182-184, 186-187, 189, 191,193-194, 196-197, 202, 205;November 3 -December 6, 1865 ;v. 28, nos. i, 2, 6, 12, 14, 16, 17,19, 21-24, 26, 28, 29, 31-44, 46,48-70, 72-73, 75-82, 85, 88, 98,105, in; December 12, 1865-April 21, 1866; v. 23, nos. i, 4-8,n, 14-17, 21, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30,31, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42, 43, 45-5 1 .53-5 6 , 5 8 60, 62, 66, 69-71, 73,82; April 23, i866-July 27,1866Lakeside Monthly: v. 7, no. 28-42;February- June, 1872; v. 8, no.43-48; July-December, 1872Legal News: 1871-1901Chicago Magazine, The West As ItIs: v. i, no. i; March, 1857Northwestern Church: v. 1-2;April i, i862-March 15, 1864;v. 3. nos. 1-23, 25-42; April 7,1864 -March 30, 1865; v. 4, no.1-34, 36, 38-48; April 6,March 29, 18661865-Northwestern Educator: v. 3, no.i, 3; 1849; v. 4, no. i, 2; 1849Prairie Farmer: 1846-1852, 1854-1855, 1867-1868

388 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSPRINGFIELDcontinuedState Historical LibraryCHICAGOPress and Tribune (d): v. 12, no.59, 67, 82, 833-78, 80-82, 85-89, 91 ; June i-December 19, 1864; v. 10, no.21, December 21, 1864 (newnumbering), 22-28, 31, 33-42,44-50, 5 2 -54, 57-5 8 , 60-64, 66-68, 70-71, 73-81, 83-88, 91,93, 94, 95, 97, 9$, 99, 100-103,105-107; December 21, 1864-March 29, 1865; v. n, no. 108,(March 30, 1865), 109-113, 115-119; April 12, 1865; v. n, no.no (April 13, 1865) (New numbering),111-115, 117-124, 126-133, 135-140, 142, 144, 145-157,159-166; June 16, 1865; v. n,no. 197 (June 17, 1865,) (newnumbering), 198-104, 206-321;July 15, 1865Tribune: o. s. v. 8, no.?; January21, 27, 1854; v. 17, no. 53-58,60-63, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77,79-84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95-98, 100-105, 107-112, 114, 115,117, 119, 122-126, 126 (?), 128-133, 135-138, 140, 142-147, 149-154, 156161, 163167, 169172,178-180, 182-187, 189-190, 192-193. 197-208, 210-216, 218-220,223, 225-226, 228, 230, 232-235,237-242, 244-250, 252-255, 257-268, 270-275, 277-280, 282, 284-289, 291-294, repeats numbering-27o-276,278-283, 285, 286,288-290, 292-297, 299, 300-304,306-311, 313-318, 320-325, 327-33i, 333-334, 336-338, 340-343,345-346, 348-351; September 7,1863-1864; v. 18, no. 25-26, 28-32, 34-39, 41-44, 46, 48-50, 52,53, 55, 57-6o, 62-63, 65-67, 69,71-74, 76-81, 83-86, 90-94, 96-102, 104-109, 111-116, 118-122,125-130, 132-137, 139-142, 144,146-150, 152, 153-157, I59-I7I,173-177, 179-183, 185-190, 192-197, 199-204, 206, 208-211, 213-214, 2l6-2l8, 220, 221-225, 227-232, 234-239, 241-246, 248-250,252-253, 255-256, 258-259, 262,263-266; 269, 270, 271-280, 282,283, 286-287, 289-296, 298-300,302,303, 305-306, 31, 3 I2 ~3i3,316-321, 323-328, 330-331, 333,334; June 9, 1865; v. 19, no. i,3-4, 6-8, 10-12, 14, 17-22, 24,26-27, 30-35 38-42, 44-45, 47,49, 5 1 , S 6 , 58-59, 61-63, 65-70,72-73, 76-77, 79-81, 86-87, 89-90, 102, 104-108, iio-in, 116-121.123-128, 130-131, 133,137-142, 144-145, 147-148, 151-156,159, 161-163, 165-169, 172-174,176-177, 179, 183, 189, 192-193,195, 199202, 206-207, 210;June lo-December 30, 1865;v. 20, no. 226, 257; January 20-February 20, 1867; v. 21, no. 25;December 19, 1867DECATURGazette: v. i, no. i, 27, 33; August13, i85i-February 12, 1852;Continued asShoafi's Family Gazette: v. i, no.45; May 6, 1852; v. 2, no. 28, 31;January i4-February 4, 1853DIXONSun: v. 9, no. 2; July 12. 1876EDWARDS VILLEIllinois Republican: v. 2, no. 58;Wednesday July 14, 1824FREEPORTJournal: v. 6, no. 9, 24; March 13-June 29, 1854

LIBRARY FILES 389SPRINGFIELD continuedState Historical LibraryGALENAGalenian: v. 2, no. 26; November8, 1833GRAFTONBackwoodsman: v. i, no. 37, June21, 1838HENNEPINGenius of Universal Emanicapition:v. 16, no. i, 3; November 9,i838-March 8, 1839JACKSONVILLEConstitutionist: v. i, no. 11-13,32-33; June i2-November 13,1852. Continued asJacksonville Constitutionist: v. 2,no. 16, 30; July 27-Novembera, 1853Daily Constitutionist: v. i, no. no,112; June 13, 15, 1854Illinois Sentinel: v. 2, no. 15, 17;May 16, 30, 1856Jacksonville Sentinel: v. 12, no.47; January 31, 1867; v. 13, no.i; March 14, 1867Illinois Statesman: v. i, no. 1-48,50-52; April 29, i843~May 27,1844Independent: v. i, no. 20; September9, 1869Tri-weekly Evening Journal: v. i,no. 29; June 17, 1850Journal (w): v. 18, no. 3 July; 4,1861; v. 22, no. 38; March i,1866; v. 23, no. 33, 37; January24-February 21, 1867; v. 24, no.39; March 5, 1868; v. 25, no.22; November 5, 1868; v. 26,no. 13, 28; September 2-December1 6, 1869. Continued asMorgan Journal (w) v. : 6, no. 8 ;July 21, 1849; v. 7, no. 4, 18, 19,25, 39, 42-43, 45; June 22, 1850-April 12, 1851; v. 8, no. 49, 52;May 15, June 5, 1852; v. 9, no.1-6, 8-9, 24, 34, 44, 47, 49, 52;June 12, 185 2- June 2, 1853;v. 10, no. 3-4, 8-9, n, 14, 17,29. 34, 37", June 23, 1853-February 16, 1854; v. n, no. 2,5-10, 21, 23, 34; June 15, 1854-February i, 1855; v. 12, no. ?, 50;February 2i-May 29, 1856; v.13, no. 1-3; 26-27; 3 1 ! June 19,1856-January, 22, 1857; v. 14,no. 18; October 22, 1857; v. 15,no. 33; February 3, 1859Journal (d): v. i, whole no. 242-243, 247-251; January 25-February 5, 1867; v. 2, no. 220,225, 229, 232, 235, 239, 244, 246,257-258, 261, 267-268, 284;January 6, March 19, 1868; v. 3,no. 25, 122, 145, 231, 271, 276,305; May 15, i868-April 8, 1869;v. 4, no. 4, 5; April 17, 19, 1869;v. 5, no. 14, 214, 216, 220-221,226, 248; April 28, i87o-January28, 1871Press (tri-w.): v. i, no. n, 15-16,19; October 29-November 17,1852JERSEYVILLEPrairie State: v. 4, no. 20; January14, 1854KASKASKIAIllinois Herald: v. i, no. 30;Wednesday, December 13, 1814Republican: v. 2, no. 104; March31, 1825LEWISTOWNIllinois Public Ledger: v. 2, no. 31 ;May 6, 1852MARSHALLIllinois State Democrat: v. 2, no.47; January 4, 1851. [Part ofthe paper only.]Telegraph: v. 2, no. ?; December3i, 1853NAUVOOExpositor: v. i, no. i; June 7, 1844.[No more published.]Times and Seasons: v. 5, no 124;January i, i844~January i, 1844[Should be January i, 1845]OTTAWAFree Trader: v. 7, no. 26; Januaryi, 1847; v. 12, no. 14, 17, 44',November 22, i85i-Junei9, 1852Republican: v. 3, no. 17; October7, 1854; v. 14, no. 2; June 17,1865PEKINPlaindealer: v. i, no. 4; April 13,1854PEORIAIllinois Banner: v. i, no. 3-5;March 6-20, 1852Illinois Teacher: 1855-1872. [Publishedin Bloomington, afterwardsin Peoria]

39 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSPRINGFIELDcontinuedState Historical LibraryPEORIAThe Motto of Jubilee College: v. i,no. i-v. 2, no. 7 [except v. i, no.4 and 10, v. 2, no. 5, 8, n, inc];July 26, i847-October i, 1852Temperance Magazine: v. i, no. 2;August, 1867PETERSBURGMenard County Times: v. 5, no.u; October 25, 1877Menard Index: v. 4, no. 7 ;February6, 1858QUINCYHerald + Argus: v. 15, no. 35;May 17, 1850. [Mutilatedcopy]Whig: v. 13, no. 40, 41 ;December31, 1850- January 7, 1851;v. 18, no. 41; May 18, 1869SHAWNEETOWNIllinois Gazette: v. 6, no. 29;February 18, 1826SPRINGFIELDDaily Enterprise: v. i, no. 186;January 27, 1855Sangamon Journal: v. i, no. 4 10;November 10, 1831- January 12,1832. [Name changedv. i,no. ii to Sangamo Journal}Sangamo Journal: v. i, no. 11-52;January 19 November 3, 1832;v. 2, no. 53-104; November 10,i832-November 2, 1833; v. 3,no. 105-156; November 9, 1833-November i, 1834; v. 4, no. 157185, 188-204; November 8,i834~October 3, 1835; v. 4, no.51-52 (whole no. 208-209).October 24-31, 1835; v. 5, no.i, 3-4, 7, 9, 10-53, (whole number200-261); November 7,i835~November 5, 1836; v. 6,no. 2-52; November 11, 1836-October 28, 1837; v. 7, no. 1-2,4-24, 27-45, 47, 51-53; November4, i837-October 27, 1838;v. 8, no. 2-8, 10-23, 2530-52; November 3, 1838- October12, 1839; v. 9, no. 1-8;(whole nos. 416-423) ; Octoberi8-December 6, 1839Sangamo Journal (semi-w): no. i,3-15 (new numbering) ;December9. 1839- January 31, 1840Sangamo Journal (w): v. 9, no. i,i?-25> 25 (?)-34, 36, 39 (?), 39(?), 3o(?), 3 1-45, [whole nos. 434-435; 435 ( ? )> 437-452, 544-45 8 ,45 8 ( ? )> 460-470, 473, 177];February 2i-November 27, 1840Sangamo Journal (s-w) : v i, no.3, 3 (?), 4-8, 10, 13-22 (newnumbering) ; December 4, 1840-February 25, 1841Sangamo Journal (w) : v. 10, no.26, 28-32, 26-48, 50-52; (wholenos. 496, 498-502, 504-511, 513-516, 518-520); March 5~August20, 1841; v. 10, no. 1-28, 28(?)-38, 41-42, 45-47, 47( ? )-S 2 ;August 27, i84i-August 19,1842; v. ii, no. i-io; August 26-October 28, 1842; v. 12, no. n-22, 22(?)-24, 26-28; Novemberi842-February 23, 1843; v. 13,no. 39; May 9, 1844; v. 14, no.2-4, 6-8, 10-13, 15, 17-31, 33,35-42, 44-45, 47-52; August 22,1 844-August 7, 1845; v. 15, no.16 18, 21-53; November 27,i845~August 13, 1846; v. 16, no.2-13, 15, 17-45, 45( ? )-5 i ;August 20, 1846-July 9, 1847;v. 16, (new numbering); no. 2526, 28-42, 44, 46, 47; April 8-September 3, 1847; v. 17, no. i,3-5, i(?)~5, whole no. 830,8 3 o(?), 831, 8 3 i(?), 833-837;July 2o-September 3, 1847.Continued asIllinois Journal (w): v. 17, no. 6-8,10-27, 29-43, 45-51; September10, i847~August 2, 1848; v. 18,no. 1-6, 8-9, 12-35, 37, 40-50;August 9, 1848- July 18, 1849;v. 19, no. 1-2 1 ;August 8-December26, 1849; v. 20; January 23,i85o-December 22, 1852; Augusti, i855-December 31, 1856;January-December 1873Illinois State Journal (w):January-December, 1874Illinois Journal (w):January-December, 1875Illinois Daily Journal: January 2-December3i, 1849; January 23-December 29, 1852; January i,i852-December 31, 1853; January2,- June 5, July n-December31, 1855; January 2- June

LIBRARY FILESSPRINGFIELDcontinuedState Historical LibrarySPRINGFIELD29, July i-December 31, 1856;January i-June 12, July 13-December 31, 1857; 1858; 1859;July 2-December 31, 1860;January-June 29, July-December,1861; 1862; 1863; January-November 30, 1864; 1865; January-June29, July 2-December,1866; 1867; 1868; 1869; 1870;January 2- June 28, July-December,1871; 1872; 1873; 1874Illinois State Journal (d): 1875to dateIllinois Organ: v. 3, no. 30; Marchi, 1851Illinois State Register: n. s. v. i,no. 34- (o. s. v. 4, no. 24) ; August24,1839 to date [except 2859] [Forearlier numbers see Vandalia]Illinois State Register (tri-w) : v. 3,no. 1-36; June i4-September 3,1847 [with constitution conventionsupplement for September3, 1847]Lincoln Clarion: v. i, no. 7; July17, 1860VANDALIAIllinois Advocate and State Register:v. 4, no. 34-40; February1 8- April i, 1835Illinois Advocate: v. 4, no. 41-52;April 15- July i, 1835; v. 5, no.1-6, 8-22, 24-28, 30-31, 34-35;July 8, i835-March 16, 1836Illinois State Register and IllinoisAdvocate: (v. i, no. 7 and v. 5,no. 36)= v. i, no. 7-19; March25- June 17, 1836Illinois State Register and People'sAdvocate: v. i, no. 20-38; June24-November 19, 1836Illinois State Register (w): v. i,no. 41; December 2, 1836; v.i, no. 4i(?); December 9, 1836Illinois State Register (semi-w): v.i, no. 1-3; December 8-15, 1836Illinois State Register nad People'sAdvocate (w): v. i, no. 43;December 23, 1836; v. 2, no.5-21; March 24- July 28, 1837;v. 2, no. 20; August 4, 1837; v. 2,no. 21-35; August 7, 1837-?;v. 2, no. 36-40, 42-44, 51-52;August 7, i837-March 2, 1838;v. 3, no. 1-23, 25-37, 39! March9-December 7, 1838; v. 3, no.52; March 8, 1839; v. 4, no. 1-21;March i5~August 2, 1839Illinois State Register and People'sAdvocate (semi-w): v. i, no. 6-7,11-13, 20-21, December 29,i836-March 6, 1837State Register (w): December n,13, 25, 28, 1838; January i, 8,15, 22, 29, 1839Illinois Intelligencer: v. 7, no. 352; December 7, i822-January30, 1824; v. 8, no. 1-6; Februaryi3-March 19, 1824; v. 8, no.8-33, 35-52; Ma y ?(?)> 1824-March n, 1825; v. 9, no. 1-3,5-11, 13-17. !?(?) 19-36.38-52;March 8, i825-March 16, 1826;v. 10, no 31-33; October 28November n, 1826Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer:v. i, no. 23; August22, 1832WINCHESTERWestern Unionist: v. i, no. 14, 37;June 6-November 14, 1851SPRING VALLEYPublic Library. No reportSTERLINGPublic Library.No filesSTREATORLibrarySYCAMORELibraryCHICAGOInter-Ocean: A few copies, 1874Sunday Times: 1872-1874Sunday Tribune: 1872-1874;January-November, 1875Western Rural: 1872-1873DE KALBDe Kalb County News:Marchi867-February, 1869De Kalb County Sentinel: Mayi85o-May, 1861SYCAMORERepublican and Sentinel: October,i86i-January, 1865Republican Sentinel: May, 1854-January, 1858True Republican: September,i857-June, 1861TAYLORVILLEPublic Library.No files

392 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTEUTOPOLISSt. Joseph's College Library. NoreportTISKILWAPublic Library.TOULONPublic Library.TUSCOLAPublic Library.No filesNo reportNo filesUPPER ALTONShurtleff College Library. No reportURBANAFree LibraryCentral Illinois Gazette: November18, i864-March 16, 1866Gazette and Union: March 4, 1868-October 19, 1870Union and Gazette: April 20, 1866-November 13, 1867University of Illinois LibraryABINGDONKnox County Democrat: v. 6, no.30; February 24, 1876ALBIONIndependent: v. n, no. 50; February24, 1876Journal: v. 7, no. 30; Feburary26, 1876ALEDOWeekly Record: v. 19, no. 36;February 23, 1876ALTONDaily Morning Courier: v. i, 2;May 29, i852-May 31, 1854Weekly Courier: v. 3; June i,i854-May 31, 1855Illinois Temperance Herald (m): v.i, no. 1-4; June i-September,1836Missouri and Illinois TemperanceHerald and Washingtonian: v. 3,no. 9; February, 1839; v. 5 no. 4,September, 1840; v. 5, no. 7,January, 1841; v. 6, no. i,October, 1841, no. 6, January,1842Telegraph and Democratic Review:v. 8, 10; January 7, i843~December27, 1845Telegraph: v. 11-17; January 3,i846-December 31, 1852Telegraph, Daily: v. 15. 'no. 21;February 22, 1876AMBOYJournal: v. 20, no. 50; March 15,1876ANNAFarmer and Fruit Grower: v. 6,1882, complete; v. 5-9, 1882-1886 incompleteAURORABeacon (s-w): v. 29, no.March i, 10, 1876910;Herald:v. 10, no. 41; March 11,1876Daily News: v. 3, no. 21; February24, 1876Volksfreund: v. 8, no. 9; February26, 1876BATAVIANews: v. 7, no. 44; February 25,1876BELLEVILLEAdvocate: v. 23, no. 43; August 8,1862; v. 37, no. 22; February 25,1876Democrat: v. 19, nd. 2; January 6,1876Stern des Westens (d): v. 1 1 ,no. 201 ;February 22, 1876Treu-Bund: v. 3, no. 19-20,February 18, 25, 1876Zeitung: v. 28, no. 7, 8; February17, 24, 1876BELVIDERENorthwestern: v. xo, no. 6;February 25, 1876BENTONStandard: v. 23, no. 32; February24, 1876BLOOMINGTONMcLean County Deutsche Presse:v. 5, no. 49; February 19, 1876Pantagraphi v. 30, no. 6; Februaryii, 1876Post: v. 3, no. 6; February 19, 1876Leader: v. 8, no. n; February 17,t876 *Leader (d): v. 7, no. 306; February19, 1876BRIGHTONAdvance: v. 5, no. 44; February23, 1876BRIMFIELDGazette: v. i- no n; February 24,1876CAIROCairo Argus and Mound CityJournal: v. 12, no. 14; February26, 1876

LIBRARY FILES 393URBANAcontinuedUniversity of Illinois LibraryCAIROBulletin: v. no. 7, 359; February 22,1876Evening Sun: v.5, no. 275;February 22, 1876Weekly Sun and Commercial: n. s.v. 3, no. 15; February 23, 1876CAMBRIDGEPrairie Chief: v. 9, no. 442;February 26, 1876CANTONRegister: n. s. v. i, no. i, whole1376; March 3, 1876CARTHAGEGazette: v. n, no. 35; February 9,1876Republican: v. 23, no. 1151; April12, 1876CHAMPAIGNCentral Illinois Gazette: v. 1-4,March 10, i858-February 26,1862; v. 13, no. 47-50, October14, i864-November 4, 1864;v. 14, 15, no. 1-21; Novembern, i864-April 6, 1866. ChangedtoUnion and Gazette: v. 15, no. 22-v. 18, no. 15; April 13, 1866-February 24, 1869 Changed toChampaign County Gazette: v. 18,no. 16+ ;March 3, 1869 +Champaign Daily Gazette: \. i,no. i+ ;November 5, 1883 +CHATSWORTHPlaindealer: v. 3, no. 16; February19, 1876CHICAGOAdvent Christian Times: v. 13, no.Botanical Gazette: v. i + ;27; February 23, 876American Builder and Journal ofArt: 1871November,1875 + [v. 9-11 incomplete]Carl Pretzel's Illustrated Weekly:v. 2, no. 28; February 26, 1876Morning Courier: v. 5, no. 44;February 22, 1876Daheim (Sunday): v. 6, no. 9;February 27, 1876Democrat: v. 3, no. 33 (n. s. v. i,no. 3); December 7, 1836Democratic Advocate and CommercialAdvertiser: v. i, no. 3;February 17, 1844Eulenspiegel: v. 4, no 6; February12, 1876Evening Lamp: v. 7, no. 10;February 26, 1876Farm, Field and Stockman: v. 9-10;'December, 1885+; November26, 1887Farmer's Review: v. 10-13, I 5~ 2 4>28, 30+; 1883-1884, July-December, 1885, 1886-1893,1897, 1899+Freie Presse, Chicagoer: v. 6, no.45; February 22, 1876Gem of the Prairie: v. 5, no. 20;October 7, 1848Illinois Staats-Zeitung: v. 29, no.45Industrial Age: v. 3, no. 19;February 12, 1876Inter-Ocean (w):February 24, 1876Inter-Ocean (semi-w) : February21, 1876Evening Journal: v. 21, no. 69;March 25, 1862; v. 32, no. 259;February 22, 1876Landlord and Tenant: v. i, no. 52;February 19, 1876Legal News: v. 3+ ; 1872+Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873National Live Stock Journal: v. i,3-11, 13-18; i87o-August, 1871;January, 1872-1880; January,1882-1887Norden: v. 3, no. 8; February 24,1876Northwestern Christian Advocate:v. 18, no. 7, February 16, 1870Northwestern Farmer: v. 4; 1869Nya Verlden: v. 8, no. 9; February26, 1876Post and Mail: v. 12, no. 45;February 22, 1876Prairie Farmer: v. 33-38, 40+ ;1865-1868,1869+ [also somenumbers of v. 26-32, 1862-1865]Presbyterian Recorder: v. i, no. i;January 3, 1861Railway Age:

394 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSURBANAcontinuedUniversity of Illinois LibraryCHICAGOSkandinaven: v. 10, no. 44;February 22, 1876Standard: v. 23, no. 21; February24, 1876Svenska Amerikanaren: v. 4, no.8; February 24, 1876Times: v. 22, no. ?; February 22,1876Tribune (Sunday): v. 29, no. 178;February 20, 1876Tribune (tri-w): v. 29, no. 80;February, 1876Tribune (d): v. 57, no. 305+;November i, 1897+ [July-August, 1899 missing]Westen, Der: v. 22, no. 8; February20, 1876Western Druggist: v. 17; 1895Western Manufacturer: v. 6-15;1878-1887Western Rural: v. 15, 22-24, 29-30; 1877, 1884-1886, 1891-1892,[also v. 14, 19, 20, 31 incomplete;v. 22-31, 1884-1893 havetitle Western Rural and AmericanStockman]Western Rural and Live StockWeekly: v. 55-56; 1897-1898CLINTONPublic: v. 20, no. 3 January 27,1876Register: v. 8, no. 38; February 4,1876COLLINSVILLELiberal Democrat: v. 4, no. 20;February 18, 1876DALLAS CITYAdvocate: v. i, no. 23, 26; February25, March 17, 1876DANVILLECommercial: v. 10, no. 49; February24, 1876Times (d): February 22, 1876DE KALBDe Kalb County News: v. 9, no.48, 51; February 2, 23, 1876DELAVANAdvertiser: v. 6, no. 42; February17, 1876Times: v. 2, no. 25; February 18,1876DlXONSun: v. 8, no. 34; February 23, 1876Western Farmer: v. n, no. 2;February, 1876EAST ST. LouisPress (d): v. i, no. 26; February22, 1876St. Clair Tribune: v. i, no. 50;February 3, 1876EDWARDSVILLERepublican: v. 7, no. 36; February23, 1876ELGINAdvocate: v. 6, no. 8; February 19,1876. [Gazette established 1855;Advocate established, 1871; Consolidated,May 30, 1874]Daily Bluff City: v. 2, no. 59;March 10, 1876Times (d): v. i, no. 203; March15, 1876ELGIN (and Aurora)Informer (m); v. i. no. 2, 3;1876February,ELMWOODMarch,Messenger: v. 3, no. i; March 3,1876EVANSTONIndex: v. 4, no. 38, 39; February19, 26, 1876Herald: v. i, no. 17; February 25,1876FAIRFIELDWayne County Republican: Onenumber, 1886FORRESTONHerald: v. i, no. 44; February 26,1876GALESBURGNorthwestern Intelligencer: v. 2,no. 19; December 7, 1849Republican- Register: v. 6, no. 252,269; February 22, March 13,1876; [Republican, v. 6, no. 48;February, 1876; Register, v. n,no. 4, February 26, 1876]GALVAJournal: v. 5, no. 8; February 25,1876GENES EORepublic: v. 20, no. 40; February25, 1876GOLCONDAHerald: v. 19, no. 15; February 4,1876GRAYVILLEIndependent: v. 17, no. 50; February24, 1876

URBANALIBRARY FILES 395continuedMASCOUTAHIllinois State Democrat: v. i, no.7; March 24, 1849University of Illinois LibraryGRIGGSVILLEPike County Free Press: v. 2, no.31; November n, 1847HENNEPINPutnam Record: v. 8, no. 28;February n, 1876HENRYRepublican: v. 24, no. 35 February;24, 1876HIGHLANDUnion: v. 13, no. 19; February 25,1876HlLLSBOROMontgomery News: v. 6, no. 31;February 25, 1876JOLIETSun(d): v. 2, no. 120; February22, 1876Sun (w): v. 4, no. 31; February24, 1876KANKAKEECourrier de Illinois: v. 8, no. 337;February 24, 1876Herald: v. 4, no. 22; February 25,18761876KEITHSBURGNews: v. 2, no 48; February 24,1876KlNMUNDYIndependent: v. 9, no. 47 February;25, 1876KNOXVILLEDiocese: v.3,no. 10; February, 1876LA HARPELa Harper: v. i, no. 19, 22;1876February 25, March 17, 1876LE ROYEnterprise: v. 2, no. 14; February187618, 1876LlTCHFIELDMontgomery County Democrat: v.2, no. 19; February 25, 1876MAGNOLIANews: v. n, no. 52; February 3,1876MARENGORepublican: v. 8, no. 44; February26, 1876MARIONEgyptian Press: v. i, no. 40;February 24, 1876MARSHALLEnterprise: v. i, no. 16; February22, 1876MASON CITYIndependent: v. 9, no. 34; February25, 1876MENDOTABulletin: v. 14, no. 8; February25, 1876METROPOLISMassac Journal: v. n, no. 19;February 19, 1876MILTONBeacon: v. i, no. 45; February 21,1876MONMOUTHAtlas: v. 30, no. 20; March 3,1876College Courier: v. 9, no. 6;February, 1876MONTICELLOCounty Herald: v. 2, no. 48;February 23, 1876MORRISVILLETimes: v. i, no. 27; February 26,NASHVILLEJournal: v. 14, no. 7; February23, 1876Washington County Zeitung: v. 2,no. 49;NAUVOOFebruary 23, 1876Independent: v. 3, no. 16; February25, 1876NEW BURNSIDEJournal: v. 3, no. 8; February 26,NOKOMISGazette: v. 5, no. 15; February 25,NORMALIllinois Schoolmaster: v. 7-9; 1874-1876OLNEYNews: v. i, no. 19; February 23,1876OTTAWARepublican: v. 24, no. 38; February24, 1876PAW PAWNews: v. 2, no. 28; March 15, 1876PEKINBulletin (d): v. i, no. 44; February22, 1876Tazewell Weekly Mirror: v. 4,no. 42; April 30, 1852

396 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSURBANAcontinuedUniversity of Illinois LibraryPEKINTazewell County Republican: v. 41,no. 12; February 25, 1876PEORIADeutsche Zeitung: v. 24, no. 1246;February 23, 1876Deutsche Zeitung (d) : v. 24, no.275; February 22, 1876Illinois Teacher: v. 4-5, 14-15,17-18; 1858-1859, 1868-1869,1871-1872National Democrat (d): v. 1 1 ,no.147; February 22, 1876National Democrat (w): v. 1 1 ,no.25; February 24, 1876Transcript (d): v. 21, no. 45;February 22, 1876Transcript (w): v. 21, no. 8; February24, 1876Western Scientific Journal: v. 2,no. ii ; February, 1876PlNCKNEYVILLEIndependent: v. 2, no. 6; February26, 1876PlTTSFIELDPike County Free Press: v. 2, no.31; November n, 1847POLOChristian Radical: v. i, no. 5;January, 1876PONTIACSentinel: v. 19, no. 35; February24, 1876QUINCYCommercial Review: v. 4, no. 27;February 26, 1876Herald (d): v. 27, no. 13; February22, 1876Western Agriculturist: v. 0-20,1877-1888RANTOULJournal: v. i, no. 18; Feb. 24,1876ROCHELLERegister: v. 13, no. 28; February26, 1876ROCK FALLSProgress: v. 6, no. IT,; February26, 1876ROCKFORDGolden Censer: v. 8, no. 43 ;February 19, 1876ROCK ISLANDArgus (d): v. 25, no.?; February22, 1876Neue Volks-Zeitung: v. i, no. 49;February 23, 1876Union (d): v. 14, no. 44; February22, 1876Union (w): v. 19, no. 9; February26, 1876ROSSVILLEObserver: v. 3, no. 43; February25, 1876RUSHVILLESchuyler Citizen: v. 19, no. 52;February 24, 1826SALEMAdvocate (w): v. 19, no. 9; February24, 1876Industrial: v. i, no. 39; February23, 1876SANDWICHFree Press: v. i, no. 38; April i,1874Gazette: v. 12, no. 13; February25, 1876SAVANNATimes (w): v. i,- no. 35, 36;February 26, March 4, 1876SHAWNEETOWNShawnee Herald: v. i, no. 3;February 25, 1876Southern Illinois Advocate: v. i,no. 34; Friday, May 25, 1849SHELDONEnterprise: v. 2, no. 9; February24, 1876SOMONAUKReveille: v. i, no. 6; January 22,1876SPARTADemocrat: n. s. v. i, no. 13, wholeno. 89; November 5, 1842SPRINGFIELDIllinois Farmer: v. 6-8; 1861-1863Sangamo Journal: v. i, no. 15, 19;January 26, February 9, 1841;v. 10, no. 43, (8), June 18,October 15, 1841; v. 10, no. 22-23, 25, 37-38, January 21, 28,February 11, May 13, 20, 1842;v. 13, no. 13, November 9, 1843Illinois Journal: v. 17, no. n, 15,18-21, 25-26, 31, October 14,November 18, December 9, 16,23, 30, 1847; January 27, February3, March, 9, 1848Illinois Daily Journal: v. 2, no.n, June 6, 1849; v. 3, no. 164,December 6, 1850

LIBRARY FILES 397URBANAcontinuedUniversity of Illinois LibrarySPRINGFIELDIllinois Daily State Journal: v. 17,no. 210, 262, 266, 268, 273, April17, 22, 25, May 2, 1865; v. 20,no. 146, 282; December 28, 1867,June 3, 1868Illinois Journal (d): v. 28, no.228, February 22, 1876Illinois Organ: v. i, no. i, 18, 24;June 24, October 21, December2, 1848; v. 3, no. 8,-i2, 14-16,24, 26, 30, 35-36, 38, 47,49-50;June 24, 1848- July 19, 1851Illinois State Register: n. s. v. 6,no. 34; April n, 1845; v. 14, no.5, 8; April 5, 26, 1849; v. 21, no.27, August 28, 1856; January 9-February 25, 1861; January i-December3i, 1871Daily Illinois State Register: v.10, no. 91, 157; April 14, July16, 1857; v. 13, no. 183, 188;August 3, 9, 1860Daily Register: v. i, no. 60, 69, 80(7); March 12, 22, April 2, 1849;v. 2, no. 14, 42; January 17,February 19, 1850Independent Democrat: v.March 20, 1843i,no. i;Legislative State Register: v. i, no.37; March i, 1843.December 7, 1842Extra,Republican, Daily Springfield: v.i, no. i; February 9, 1857STERLINGStandard: v. 9, no. 9; February 26,1876SYCAMOREChristian Pilgrim: v. 4, no. 2;February, 1876City Weekly: v. 4, no. 21; February8, 1876DeKalb County Farmer: v. i, no.8; April, 1872Pearl (m): v. 6, no. i, January,1876Reformer and Free Press: v. 4, no.168; January 6, 1876STONE FORTJournal: v. 3, no. 8; February 26,1876TAMAROAPerry County Watchman: v. 3, no.9; February 26, 1876TAYLORVILLEDemocrat: v. 8, no. 24; February24, 1876Illinois Republican: v. 12, no. 35;February 23, 1876TOLONOHerald: v. i, no. 46; February,1876URBANAIllini: v. 3 + ; 1874+. [Continuationof Student]Republican: v. 7, no. 34; February24, 1876Student: v. 1-2; 1871-1873. [Continuedas Illini]VANDALIAIllinois Advocate: v. 5, no. 12,13,14, 15, 16; October 14, 21, 28,November 4, n, 1835Illinois Intelligencer: v. 14, no. 16;August 14, 1830VIENNAJohnson County Yeoman: v. 2,no. 26; February 26, 1876VIRGINIAIllinois Observer: v. i, no. 52;April 13, 1849WARSAWBulletin: v. n, no. 30, 34; February26, March 25, 1876WATSEKARepublican: v. 20, no. 21; February16, 1876WAUKEGANGazette (w): v. 26, no. 24 ;February26, 1876WEST CHICAGOUnion Park Advocate: v. 7, no. 157;February 19, 1876WYOMINGStark County Bee: v. i, no. 9;February 25, 1876State Laboratory of Natural HistoryCHICAGOWestern Agriculturist and LiveStock Journal: v. 16-21, 23-32;1884-1900. Continued as LiveStock JournalPrairie Farmer: v. 1-14, 19-22,24-25, 28,31-37, 39, 41-45- 6o~78; 1841-1906Live Stock Journal: v. 33 40; 1901-1904 [Continues Western Agriculturistand Live Stock Journal

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSURBANAcontinuedState Laboratory of Natural HistoryCHICAGOFarmer's Review: \. 19 (nos. 29 -52), 20-41 + ; 1888-1909+Farm, Field and Fireside: v. 19-29; 1896-1906Lens: v. 1-2; 1872-1873VIENNAPublic Library. No filesWARRENTownship Free Public Library.filesWARSAWFree Public Library.WATSEKAPublic Library.WAUKEGANPublic Library.No reportNo filesNo reportNoWENONABond Library. No reportPublic Library. No reportWESTFIELDWestfield College.WHEATONNo reportAdams Memorial Library. No filesWheaton College Library.Christian Cynosure: November,1868 to dateWILMETTEPublic Library.WINNETKAPublic Library.WOODSTOCKPublic Library.YATESCITYNo reportNo reportNo reportSchool and Public Library. NoreportIN LIBRARIES OUTSIDE OF ILLINOISLibrary of Congress, Washington, D.C. (A)[This list preserves the form used inthe check list of newspapers issued bythe Library of Congress in 1900. Itdiffers to some extent, consequently,from the lists of other libraries. Manyadditions to the check list of 1900, anda few corrections are here included.F. W. S.]ALTONCommercial Gazette (w):8-December 25, 1839FebruaryPeople's Miscellany and IllinoisHerald (w): v. i, no. i; July 27,1842Telegraph: July 18, iSso-December29, 1854; August 30, 1861Telegraph (d) : January 3, 1898-December 31, 1900 +Telegraph and Democratic Review:August 30, 1861 [established1835, continued as Telegraphand Madison Co. Record 1851.Then as TelegraphBELLEVILLEAdvocate: v. i, no. 2; April n, 1840Farmers' and Mechanics' Repository(w) : September 10, 1842Great Western: v. i, no. 2; May 25,1839; [no. iprobably issuedMay n]Illinois Beobachter: May 23, 1844St. Clair Banner: Extra, January16, 1844 (Proceedings of DemocraticConvention 2nd JudicialDistrict)BLOOMINGTONPantagraph (d) January : i, 1898-December3i, 1900 +Pantagraph: January 7, 1898December 28, 1900 +Times: February 3-September 21,1861CAIROCity Times: v. 4, no. 38, February14, 1855CANTONFulton Banner: April 24- June 5,1846Fulton Telegraph: v. i, no. 22,August 28, 1841CARLINVILLEFree Democrat: December 13,1860CHAMPAIGNCentral Illinois Gazette: April 4,June 9, 1861CHARLESTONCourier: v. i, no. 12; July 3.1841Illinois Globe: January 6-December22, 1849

WASHINGTON, D. C. continuedLibrary of CongressCHESTERSouthern Illinois Advocate: v. i,no. i, April 4, 1839CHICAGOLIBRARY FILES 399April i, 1900+// Messagiere Italiano dell' Quest:January 5, 13, 20, 27, February10, 1869News (d): May 2- August 31, 1898,January 10, iSgS-December 31,1900+Occident: April 26, i878-September20, 1895Our Fireside Friend: January 27,i872-December 26, 1874Pomeroy's Illustrated Democrat:January i, i876-December 21,1878; January i, 1876- January26, 1878 Pomeroy's DemocratDaily Post: January i7~March 30,1861; April 5, June 3, September14, 1864Evening Post (d):January 3, 1898-December 31, 1900 +Quid Nunc: v. i, no. i, July 12,Living April 2, 1898-Advance: January 7, i875-December27, 1888; January 2-December25, 1890; October 4, 1894-June 27, 1895; July i, 1897-December3i 1900+American: October 14, 1837;October 30, 1840American Field: July 2, 1881-June 29, 1889; January 3-June 27, 1891; January 6, 1894-December3i, 1900+Commercial Advertiser: April 4,i849-December 24, 1851Chicago Daily Commercial Advertiser:May 22, i852-January 5,i853Democrat: October 6-December1842; no. 2(?), July 18, 184215, 1846Chicago Record (m and semi-m):Democrat (d): July 7, 1851-April i, i857~March 15, 1862November n, 1852Reform Advocate: February 20-Democratic Press (d): January 2-August 14, 1897; February 19-December 25, 1854; January i,August 13, 1898i855-December 31, 1856Republican: January i-September20, 1866; July 23, 1867-Drovers' Journal: February 26,i88o-December 30, 1886; December 31, 1869January 6, ^iSgS-December 27, Saturday Evening Herald: September1900+Daily Chicago Herald: January 21-188522, i883-September 19,Jiky 30, 1860Skandinaven: July 5, iSSg-December29, 1900 +Chicago Herald: July 29, 1881-December 31, 1883; January i, Standard: July 2, i874~August 26,1887- June 30, 1893; July i, 1900+i894-March 3, 1895Times (d):January i-DecemberIllinois Staats-Zeitung: September31, 1856; January 3-Decemberi, i873-December 31, 188031, 1858; July 3i-December 31,Interior: January 2, i896-December1860; August 2-December 30,31, 1900+1876; January i, i89i-AugustInter-Ocean (d): March 27, 1872-31, 1894. [Consolidated with theDecember3i, 1900+Daily Chicago Herald. Continuedas]Inter-Ocean: January 3, 1899-December 25, 1900+Times-Herald Journal: 2 Decem-(d): March 4-December i-Daily January December31, 1895;31,January1900+ [ConsolidatedEvening Journal: January 12,in 1901i866-December 16, 1867the Record-Herald}3.i,Tri-weekly Journal: January 4, 1866RecordwithandthecontinuedChicagoasJournal: January 3, iSgS-DecemberDaily Tribune: v. i, no. 2, April31, 1900+n, 1840; April 24, 1841; AprilJournal ofi886-DecemberCommerce: January 6,7, 10, 16, 24, 1858; March 22,1861; January 15, 1863; June

4ooILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWASHINGTON, D. C.Library of CongressCHICAGOcontinued3, 1863- July 27, 1866 (incomplete);February 18- June 29,1867; April 2o-December 29,1871; January i, i872-December31, 1882; May i, 1883-March 31, 1908L'Unione Italiana (w): v, i, no.9; October i, i867-January 29,1868; February-November, 1868Union Signal: January 5, 1888-December 21, 1893; January 6,i898-December 31, 1900+Voice o) the People (w): v. i, no.1, June 29, 1838Western Citizen: December 29,1847; February i, March 7,April 4, 1848EDWARDSVILLESpectator: May 29, iSig-October20, 1826ELGINJuly 19, 1851; March 25,i87i-November 22, 1873Young People's Weekly: January2, iSgS-December 31, 1900+GALENAAdvertiser: v. i, no. 8, September 7,1829; also October 5, 12, 26,November 9, 30, December 7,14, 21, 1829Daily Advertiser: September 21,1861Galenian: n. s. v. i, no. 3, May 24,1836Miners' Journal: November 15,December 26, 1828; February21, June 6, 13, 20, 27, July 4,August 15, October 3, 10, 27,November 3, 24, December i-22, 1829; January 9, July 10,1830GRAFTONBackwoodsman: v. 2, no. 26, May9 1839Phoenix: v. i, no. 50; April 20,1843GRAND DETOURRock River Register: v. 2, no. 7,March 10,1843. Established 1842GRIGGSVILLEPike County Union (w):May 2,i855~June 9, 1856. [FormerlyPitts field Union]JACKSONVILLEBanner: December 4, 1833Constitutionist: April i3~December17, 1853Illinoisan: October 31, November21, 1840; February 27-December25, 1841Illinois Democrat: v. i, no. 2;May 27, 1840, June 3, 24, July i,October 15, 1840Illinois Patriot: v. 2, no. 8; December22, 1832Illinois Standard: March 17-December 29, 1838Illinois State Gazette and JacksonvilleNews: January 17- December23, 1835; January 20-November 26, 1836; April 22-December 28, 1837JOLIETWeekly News: January 6, 1898Republican: v. 3, no. 3, April 2,1864; v. 4, no. 33, October 28,1865JONESBOROGazette: December 31, 1859-September 15, 1860KASKASKIADemocrat: January 2, 13, 1830Illinois Intelligencer: January 13,iSig-December 14, 1820Illinois Reporter: October 25, 1826Republican: v. 2, no. 56; March30, 1824; April 20, May n, 25,1824 *Republican: \. 2, no. i, June 24,1841Western Democrat: September 19,October 10, December 22, 1829.[Continued as Kaskaskia Democrat]LACONHerald: v. i, no. 9 February 101838LEWISTONRepublican: v. i, no. i; March 19,April 2, 1844LOWELLGenius of Liberty: December 19,1840MOLINEReview Dispatch: January 7,iSgS-December 28, 1900+MT. CARMELRegister: v. i, no. i; June n,1839; December 4, 1841

LIBRARY FILES 401WASHINGTON, D. C. continuedLibrary of CongressOTTAWAIllinois Free Trader: v. 2, no. 10;July 30, 1841PARISIllinois Statesman: v. i, no. 16;May i, 1840Prairie Beacon: July 19, 1861PEKINTazewell Mirror: March 3-December20, 1849, [odd nos.]Tazewell Reporter: v. i, no. 46;March 23, 1841PEORIADemocratic Press: June 10, November25, 1846; January 13-December 30, 1848Democratic Union (d):January 3-December 31, 1859Herald (d): January i-December29, 1898. [Consolidated withthe Transcript and continuedas]Herald and Transcript (d):December30,i898-December 31,1900+Illinois Champion and PeoriaHerald: v. i, no. 2, March 29,1834Peoria Register and NorthwesternGazetteer: December 4, 1840;June n, i84i-November 18,1842Transcript (d) January i-December29, 1898. [Consolidated,:December 30, 1898, with theHerald, and continued as Heraldand Transcript}PERUNinawah Gazette: v. i, no. 2;May 23, 1840PETERSBURGMenard Index: March 7~February28, 1861PITTSFIELDPike County Free Press (w) :April13, i846-March 5, 1857. [EstablishedApril 13, 1846; issued atPittsfield and Griggsville]Sucker and Farmer's Record (w);v. i, no. i; June i, Union: 1842September n, 1850; Junen, 1851; July 21, i852-April25, 1855QUINCYArgus: September 26, 1840Herald: v. i, no. 4, October 27,1843; January 2-December 25,1854Herald (d) ; June 26-December 3 1 ,1867Illinois Bounty Land Register: v. i,no. 3, ii ; May i, June 26,Old Statesman (w); v. i, no. i;July 4, 1840; iWhig: v. i, no. i; May 5, 1838Morning Whig: January i,December 31, 1900+1898-Whig Republican: January 7-December 31, 1848; January 3,1863ROCK SPRINGPioneer of the Valley of the Mississippi:v. i, no. 25 October; i, 1829ROCKFORDRegister: September 10, October i,15, 1859Winnebago Forum: v. i, no. 2,February 24, 1843RUSHVILLERepublican: v. i, no. 7; January23, 1840ST. CHARLESThe Age: v. i, no. 4; July 21, 1843SHAWNEETOWNIllinois Advertiser: January 21-November 4, 1837Illinois Emigrant: January 9-September 18, 1819Illinois Gazette: September 25-November 13, 1819; January 20^-December 2, 1820; March 3,i82i-November 30, 1822; January4- December 20, 1823;January lo-December 25, 1824;January i5-December 17, 1825;February n-December 23, 1826;February 9, i828-April 18,1829; January g-December n,1830Republican: January i,1842- June 3, 1843Western Voice and Internal ImprovementJournal: January 3December 29, 1838; August i,1840SPRINGFIELDIllinois Adler (Ger.): v. i, no. i;May 21, 1844Illinois Atlas: v. no. 2, 35; May4, 1871

4O2ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWASHINGTON, D. C.Library of CongressSPRINGFIELDcontinuedIllinois State Journal (d):April21, i84O-November 19, 1851;January 6-February 21, 1857;March i86i-October 29, 1866;January i, i867-December 31,1871; January i-November 21,1878Illinois Weekly State Journal:March 2i-July n, 1849; January7-December 30, 1857:January 4, i86o-February 27,1861Illinois State Register (w) : August24-December 28, 1829; January4-December 25, 1840; January3, i844-December 18, 1846;January i-December 3, 1847(incomplete); January 7, 1848-December 28, 1854; January i-December 31, 1857Illinois State Register (sw) Januaryi-December 25, 1840:Illinois State Register (d) : Januaryi, iSgS-December 31,1900+. [See Illinois State Registerand Illinois Advocate, ofVandalia]Old Soldier: v. i, no. 7, May i, 1840Sangamo Spectator: v. i, no. 2,February 28, 1827; August 29,1827Times: v. i, no. 4; November 9,1843STREATORFree Press (d): January i, 1898-December3i, 1900+VANDALIAFreeman: v. i, no. 8; July 23, 1842Free Press: v. i, no. 7, June 24,1836Illinois Advocate: January 5, 1833-March 16, 1836. [ContinuedinIllinois State Register and People'sAdvocate: March 23, 1836-December 21, 1838; January 9-December 28, 1839. [Publicationcontined at Springfield]Illinois Advocate and State Register:January 3, 28, February n, 14,1835Illinois Intelligencer: December14, i82o-March 3, 1832. [Continuedas Vandalia Whig andIllinois Intelligencer. See alsosame title under Kaskaskia]Illinois Sentinel: November 22,December 7, 1839; March 14-December 5, 1840Illinois State Register and People'sAdvocate: March 25, 1836-August 17, 1839; [March 25-June 17, 1836; Illinois St. Reg.and Illinois Advertiser]Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer:March 28, 1832-December 31, 1833; January i-December 17, 1834. [See IllinoisIntelligencer at Kaskaskia, alsosame title at Vandalia]WINCHESTERRepublican: v. i, no. 3; December28, 1844Scott County News: v. i, no. 9;September 6, 1860Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wisconsin (W) List Published in 1898BELLEVILLEAdvocate (w) : November 8,1854CHICAGOAdvance (w): v. 3-4; 1868-1869;v. 10-23, 25-27; 1875-1888;1890-1892American (w): August 30, 1839;August 2, 17, 1842American Journal of Education:v. 7, 1874Bureau (m): October 1869-December, 1870; February-July, 1871Christian Times (w):April, 1855-December, 1857; 1858-1866;March, i867-December, 1868.[Styled The Standard commencingDecember, 1867]Chronicle (w): 1872-1873; removedto New York City,August, 1872Church Record: [See ChicagoRecord]Democrat (w):June 4, 1835 1842-;1845, 5 nos.Daily Democratic Press: 11857; January-June, 1858

LIBRARY FILES 403MADISON, WISCONSINcontinuedWisconsin Historical SocietyCHICAGOWeekly Democratic Press: March,i8 5 4-July, 1858Emery's Journal o) Agriculture (w) :v. 2, July-December, 1858Chicago Field (w) : May, 1878-January, 1879Herald (m): November, 1871-November, 1873 ; March-May,1877Industrial Age (w) : August, 1873-February, 1877Inter-Ocean (w):1893-1894Weekly Magazine: September,i882-March, 1885National Live Stock Journal (m):September i87i-December,i872New Covenant (w):May 22,1852Daily News: June-October, 1872Northwestern Christian Advocate(w) [January-November, : 1864]Northwestern Church (semi-m; w,1864) November, i863-October,1865Northwestern Lumberman (w> :1876-1894+Prairie Farmer (m): v. 6-15;1846-1855Prairie Farmer (w): v'>20-23July, 1859- June 1861; [Unitedwith Emery's Journal of Agriculture,October, 1858. Styled Emery'sJournal of Agriculture andPrairie Farmer till December,1859; and then Prairie Farmer}Prairie Farmer (w):May-December,1873Press and Tribune (d): July-December, 1858; January- June,1860Press and Tribune (w):July, 1858-January, 1860Railroad Gazette (w) v. : 1-3 ;April, i87o-October, 1871.[Removed to New York Cityafter the fire of October, 1871;branch office maintained inChicago until 1881]Railway Age (w): v. 4-10; 1879-1885Railway Review (w) : v. 12-15, 2O~23; May, i876-April, 1878,1880-1883Chicago Record (m, semi-m, April,1860): April i857-March, 1862.[Styled Church Record April,i858-March, 1860]Religio-Philosophical Journal (w):1869-1890; January-July, 1891Skandinaven (w); [1878-1881];1882-1884; 1885-1890; November,iSgi-December, 1892;1893-1894+Sloan's Garden City (w):September-November,1854Standard (w):187 + 1Chicago Times (d): 1870+Daily Tribune: May-December,1857; 1860-1861; January-May, 1862; September, 1872+United States Medical Investigator(semi-m, w. 1883-1884; m. 1885):v. 1-21; 1875-1885Unity (w): v. 7-23; i88o-February,1894Western Railroad Gazette (w) :May, i868-March, 1870Western Rural (w):May-December,1875ELGINFox River Courier (w):July 7,1852GALENAGalenian (w):1834-1835, 7 nos.[Styled Galena Democrat after1835]Miners' Journal (w):September,i829-December, 1830. [Firstpaper in Mississippi lead region;founded by James Jones,1826; "subscriptions payable insmelters' acceptances, lead, orcash"]Northwestern Gazette and GalenaAdvertiser (w):November, 1834-August, 1848Semi-Weekly Galena '[Jefiersonian:October, i845~January, 1847.[Established by Horace A.TennySuspended, 1855]NAUVOOColonie Icarienne (w) : July-December, 1854ST. CHARLESPrairie Messenger (w) : July 16,1846SPRINGFIELDIllinois State Journal (w):May,, 1863

404 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMADISON, WISCONSINcontinuedWisconsin Historical SocietySPRINGFIELDOlive Branch: v. 1-2; August,i848-June, 1850. [Removedfrom Kirtland, Ohio, July,1849]VANDALIAIllinois Intelligencer (w): 1821-1822, 4 nos. [Removed toVandalia 1820; styled IllinoisHerald till 1817, and VandaliaWhig and Illinois Intelligencer,commencingi832; suspended 1839]Mercantile Library, St. Louis, Missouri (M)ALTONFebruary 26, May 28, June 4, n,19, 26, October 9, 16, 1816; 1832Spectator: June i, 18328, 25, July 2-September 3,EDWARDSVILLE1817]. Changed toIllinois Advocate: June 5, 1832Illinois Intelligencer: May 27,Illinois Republican: July 21,i8i8-May 12, 1819. [Lacks1824March 31, 1819]Spectator: v. i, no. i; May 29, Democrat: July 26, 1831iSig-October 20, 1826. [Lacks ROCK SPRINGMay 8, 1821; December 21, Pioneer: April 24, 18291824]Pioneer and Western Baptist: MayStar of the West: November 30,25, 18321822SHAWNEETOWNWestern Plowboy: July 27, 1831Illinois Gazette: August 3, 1822;GALENAFebruary 14, 1826; July 2, 1831Galenian: May 16, 1832SPRINGFIELDMiners' Journal: July 30, 1831Herald: May 3, 1832JACKSONVILLEOlive Branch: May i, 15, 1844Illinois Patriot: April 12, 1832KASKASKIASangamo Journal:VANDALIAJune 7, 1832Western Intelligencer: v. i, no. i,Intelligencer: February 20,May 15, i8i6-May 20, 1818.1821; October 12, December 7,[Lacks July 2, 16, September 12,1822; March 30, i826-March 3,Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts (D)ALTONCumberland Presbyterian (w):July9, i86o-December 25, 1879CHICAGOAdvance (w): September 5, 1867-December 25, 1873; odd nos.for 1874Commercial Advertiser: 1878-1880Daily Tribune: December 13,1861; May 29, June 5, 1863;April 15, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24,25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 1865;January- June, 1877; Januaryi, October 25, November 28,1879Republican (d) : February 18, July27, 1868; June 6, 20, 21, 1869;November 14, 1870Evening Journal: April 17-28,May 2, 3, 5, 21, 1865Times: April 17, May 2, 12, 1865Daily Christian Advocate: May i-June 3, 1868Inter-Ocean: (d):July i-December31, 1874; 1875-1878; January-June30, 1879Matrimonial News, The: Junei, 15, October i, 15, Novemberi, 15, December i, 1873Northwestern Christian Advocate(w) : April 19, 26, May 3, 10,24, 1865Occident (w):1878-1879Philosophical Journal: September23-December 31, 1871Prairie Farmer (w): January 27,March 3, July 7, 28, August 4,n, 18, September 15, October6, November 3,17, December 15,1866; 1869-1876

BOSTON, MASS. continuedBoston Public LibraryCHICAGOSocialist (w) -\Chicagoer Socialist(d), 1876-1879]; September 4-December 31, 1878; January-August 16, 1879ELGINDial(m): April, June, 1872MATTOONIndependent Gazette (w) : April 19,26, 1865ALTONLIBRARY FILES 405MONMOUTHAtlas: April 21, 1865OQUAWKASpectator: April 20, 1865QUINCYWhig Republican: April 22, 1865SPRINGFIELDDaily Illinois State Register: April18, 1865Illinois Journal: April 17, 18, 22,May 5, 1865American Antiquarian Society (E), Worcester, MassachusettsTelegraph: October 5, 1839Telegraph and Democratic Review:November 27, 1846Spectator: July 16, 30, August 6,AURORATemperance Monitor: April, 1858BELLEVILLEAdvocate: December 4, 1863BELVIDERENorthwestern: October 16, 1868CHICAGOAdvance: 1867-1872American (w): March i i-December3o,1837; January 6-20, 1838American Builder: May, 1871Daily Chicago American: Novembern, 1839Banking and Insurance Chronicle:August i, 1867Book Bulletin (w):June 20, 1874Bridal Veil: July, 1874Christian Cynosure: February 7,21, March 7, 21, April 4, 18,May i, 16, 30, June 13, 27, July11, 25, August 8, 22, September5, 19, October 3, 1871Christian Voice: February, 1873Cloud and the Bow: July 7, 1858Commercial Advertiser: July 20,1850Daily Commercial Advertiser: May28, August 10, n, 13, 14, 17, 19,19, 21, 25-27, September 2, 4,6-10, 20, October 4, 8, 9, 11-16,18, 23, November 15, December7, 10, n, 1852; January i, 1853Commercial Advertiser and RailroadJournal: February n, 1864Congregational Herald: June 4-July 29, August i2-September30, October 21, 28, Novembern-December 9, 1853; June 21,July 5-August 2, 1855; March27, May i, 8, 29, June 5-19,July 3-17, August 7-21, October16, 30, November 6-December18, 1856; January 1-15, February26-March 19, 1857Courier: June i, 1869Democrat: September 13, Novemberi, i837-January 7, 1838;September 24, 1845Democratic Press: November 2,1853Drovers 1 Journal: June 2, 1876Herald of Peace: June 15, July i,15, August i, 1869Illinois Staats-Zeitung (d): October16-19, 22-27, 29-31, November1-3, 8-10, 12-14, !6, 17, 20,21, 1860Interior: April 18, 1872Inter-Ocean: 1874-1875Daily Journal: December 2, 1858Evening Journal: October 12,14, 1871Journal of Commerce: July 20,1871July i, 15, August i, 15,September i, 1870Missionary Papers: July 28, 1870New Covenant: May 22, 1858;July 30, August 20, 1859;December 5, 1863Daily News: October 3, November6, 1856Northwestern Lumberman: 1875-1881Northwestern Prairie Farmer:September 10, 1859Our Texas Home: August, 1876

406 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWORCESTER, MASS. continuedAmerican Antiquarian SocietyCHICAGOEvening Post: October 17, 1871Prairie Farmer: May 14-28,September 10. 24, 1857; March4, April i, 15, 1858; March 31,May 12, August n, 25, Decemberi, 1859; July 5, 1860Puzzlers' Companion: October 15,1876Real Estate Register or the NorthWest: v. i, no. i; May, 1857Daily Record: September 12, 1867Religio- Philosophical Journal:August 2, 1873Republican: October 6, 1866;August 6, 1867; May 25,1870Song Messenger 0} the NorthWest: April, 1868Sonntags-Zeitung: November 4,ii, 1860Times (Sunday): May 16, 1869;June 21, 1870; October 18, 1871;February 16, September 29,1872; February 16, 1873Tribune (tri-w):1865-1871Tribune (d): 1872-1906Truth Seeker: v. i, no. i, 2;September, October, 1873Union (Wochenblatt der Chicago):July 12, 1866Union Agriculturist and PrairieFarmer: January-March, 1841Wells' Commercial Express: Julyi, December 2, 1863Western Citizen: April 18, June20, 1844; June 10, 1846;December 12, 1848Western Rural: June 3, 1876EDWARDSVILLESpectator: November 29, 1823;March i6-April 13, 27, May 4,July 6, October 19, 26, 1824ELGINGazette:FREEPORTJune 17, 1871Bulletin: April 9, 1863GALENANorthwestern Gazette and GalenaAdvertiser: December 26, 1835;January 9, 16, 1836; December8, 1843Northwestern Gazette: September9, 16, 1851GRAYVILLEIndependent: April 10, 1863HARRISBURGChronicle: April 4, November 28,1863HAVANAVoter: February 12, 1864HILLSBOROMontgomery County Herald:December 4, 1863JACKSONVILLEJournal (d):June 25, 1868Illinois Patriot: December 26, 1835KANKAKEEJournal de I' Illinois:KASKASKIAMay i, 1857Western Intelligencer: April 29,1818Illinois Intelligencer: July i, 1818LA SALLEWatchman: July 16, 1855LINCOLNLogan Courier: December 3,MOLINE1863Workman: February 7, 14, 21,April 18, July n, 25, August i,21, 1855MONMOUTHCommercial Record: v. i, no. i;April, 1872MX. MORRISindependent Watchman: June 15,1859OTTAWAFree Trader: October 4, September27, 1844PARISPrairie Beacon: November 28,1863PEORIARegister andNorthwestern Gazetteer:April 4, 1840-1841 [except February5, September 10, 1841];January 7, 14, 28, February,March 4, 11, 25, April i-August 12, 26-December 30,1842; January 6-March, 3, 24,Transcript (d): January 13, 1869Western Scientific Journal: January, 1876PlTTSFIELDPike County Democrat: May 20,1873PONTIACSentinel: January 11, 1866

WORCESTER, MASS.LIBRARY FILES 407continued9, 13-16, 19, 1860; September 16,American Antiquarian Society17, 1862QUINCYIllinois State Register (w) November13, 1840; March 21, May 16,:Whig: April 18, 1840Whig Republican: January 27, 1866 November 7, 28, 1845; JanuaryVoice to St. John's Parish: October,9, 23, February 6, 27, March 6-187420, April 3~May i, 22, June 5,ROCKFORD26, July 3-17, August 14, 28,Golden Censer: October 28, 1876September 4, i8-October 9, 1846Register: April n, 1857; July 26, STEPHENSONNovember 29, 1862Illinois Cultivator: v. i, no. 2, 4,Rock River Express: August n,5, 7, 8, 10; June, August,1840September, November, December,1840; February, 1841ROCK ISLANDAdvertiser (tri-w):May 18, 1854 Upper Mississippian: v. i, 10. 2;Evening Argus: October 31, 1862October 22; November 19, 1840;Banner: December 12, 1840January 14, 1841Republican: March 7, 1855VANDALIAUpper Mississippian: May 6, 1841Illinois Advocate: January 5, 1833ROCK SPRINGIllinois Intelligencer: OctoberPioneer of the Valley of the Mississippi:July 10, 1829August 16, 1828; June 27, July(extra) 1824; September 7, 1826;RUSHVILLE18, August 29, September 19,Times: February n, 1864October 24, November 7-21,SHAWNEETOWNDecember 5, 12, 26, 1829; January9, December n, 18, 1830Illinois Emigrant: December 26,1818; March 6, 1819Whig: July 17, 1833; May 8, 1834Illinois Gazette: January 24, May VIENNA22, 1824; February 26, 1825; Union Courier: April 4, 1863February 16, March 8, June 21, WARSAW28, 1828; January 16, December Signal: December 8, 1841u, 1830WAUKEGANSPRINGFIELDGazette: June 27, 1863Illinois Atlas: May 4, 1871WHEATONIllinois Journal (d): October 13, Northern Illinoisan: December 23,19, 22, 24-27, 31, November 5, 1868Lenox Library, New York City (L)ALTONTelegraph and Democratic Review(w): v. n, no. 51; December 18,1846CARTHAGEGazette (w): v. 2-23; 1866-1887[imperfect file]Republican (w): v. 13-33; 1866-1886 [imperfect file]NAUVOOExpositor: v. i, no. i; June 7,1844Hancock Eagle: v. i, no. 23, 9-12,14-16, 19-21; April to-August28, 1846Independent: v. 5, no. 25, 51-52;v. n, no. 39-43; April 26,October 25-November i, 1878;July 25~August 22, 1884Neighbor: v. i, no. 35, 45, 48-50,52; v. 2, no. 1-2, 8-9, 12-14, 36-40, 42-43, 45, 47-48, 5 2 ;v -3.no. 3, 10, 21-22; December 27,1843; March 6, 27-April 10,24-May 8, June 19-26, July 17,31, 1844; January g-February5, 19-26, March 12, 26-April 2,30, May 21, July 9, September24-October i, 1845New Citizen: v. i, no. 3; December23, 1846Wasp: v. i, no. 12; July 2, 1842

408 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNEW YORK CITYcontinuedLenox LibraryQUINCYErz-Druide: v. 1-2, 4-6, 14-23,24, no. 1-3, 5-7, 9-12, v. 25,no. i; 1866, 69-71, 1879-1890ROCK ISLANDUpper Mississippian: v. 4, no. 3-4;May 25-June i, 1844SPRINGFIELDIllinois State Journal (w): v. 27,no. 1403; June 23, 1858VANDALIAIllinois Monthly Magazine: v. i2, 1831-1833WARSAWBulletin: v., 2-22; 1867-1887[imperfect file]City Bulletin: v. 1-6; 1856-1861[imperfect file]Hancock Democrat: v. i, no. 1-4;n. s. v. i, no. 12-13, X 7> 2I~ 2 5>28, 36, 39, 41; v. 2, no. 4-13,15-20; March i8-April n, 1844;October 25-November 2, 30,December 28, 1877; January 4-25, February 15, April 12, May3, 17, August 3o-November i,i5-December 20, 1878Message: v. i, no. 1-48; January7-December 27, 1843, January3-February 7, 1844; Extra, July12, 1843New Era: v. i, no. 11-20, 25;June 3o-September i, October6, 1864Signal: v. 2-3, n. s. v. 1-8; 1841-1853 [imperfect file"!ALTONDaily Courier: v. 6, no. 77; Aug.27. 1857Courier (w): v. 6, no. 45; Apr. 15,1858Peoples Miscellany and IllinoisHerald: v. i, no. i; Julv 27,1842Telegraph (d) : v. 2, no. 273 ; Apr.ii, 1854Telegraph and Democrat Review(w) : v. 14, no. 16; Apr. 20, 1829Telegraph (w) : v. 16, no. 27 ; July4, 1851AMBOYTimes: v. 3, no. 36; Mar. 25, 1858AUGUSTATimes: v.AURORAi, no. 36; May 8, 1857Beacon: n. s. v. 3, no. 23; June22, 1854; n. s. v. i, no. 31;Apr. i, 1858Guardian: v. 5, no. 23, 26; Apr.10, May i, 1857Republican: v. i, no. 19; Nov. 6,1857Republican Union (d): v. i, no. 17;July 20, 1857BATAVIAFox River Expositor: v. i, no. 10;Mar. 7, 1856BELLEVILLEAdvocate: n. s. v. 15, no. 3; MayNew York State Library, Albany (F)24, 1854; v. 9, no. 36; Dec. 28,1848Illinois Republican: v. i, no. n;Apr. n, 1849St. Clair Banner: v. 1,110.7; Sept.12, 1843Zeitung: v. 6, no. 23; June 8, 1854BELVIDEREStandard: v. 3, no. n; July 5,1854BENTONStandard: v. 3, no. 3; Mar. 12,1852BLANDINVILLEArgus: v. i, no. 34; Jan. 30, 1857BLOOMINGTONBaptist: v. 2, no. 5; Nov.I9 l8 57National Flag (d): v. i, no. 22;Oct. 9, 1857Pantagraph (w) : v. 8, no. 18; Apr.12, 1854Western Whig: v. 3, no. 34; June23, 1849CAIRODelta: v. 2, no. 24; Sept. 20, 1849Egyptian: v. i, no. 9; Apr. 24,185?CANTONFulton Ledger: v. 7, no. 44; Sept.15, 1857Register: v. 4, no. 27; Mar. 12,1853

ALBANY, NEW YORKLIBRARY FILES 409continued Evangelist:New v. i, no. 42; Jan. 20,York State Library1854; v. 2, no. 9; June 2, 1854CARLINVILLEField Piece: v. i, no. i; June 14Free Democrat: v. i, no. 2, 25; v.18482, no. 3; Sept. 13, 1856; Feb. Gem of the Prairie: n. s. v. i, no.19, Sept. 17, 185718; Nov. 7, 1852Macoupin Statesman: v. 2, no. 37 ;Journal: v. 6, no. 39; Sept. 24,Sept. 17, 18531849CARROLLTONNative Citizen (d): v. i, no. 170;Gazette: v. 12, no. 15; Oct. 17, 1857Apr. 28, 1856Green County Banner: v. 2, no. 31; New Covenant: v. 6, no. 24; Aug.Sept. 15, 184913, 1853CARTHAGENews (d): v. i, no. 12; Sept. 26,Republican: v. i, no. 17; May 23,18561854; v. 4, no. 7; Apr. 16, 1857 Northwestern Christian Advocate:CENTRALIAv. 6, no. 6; Jan. 10, 1858Centralian: v. i, no. 41; Dec. 5, Olive Branch of the West: v. i, no.185715; Feb. 9, 1854CHARLESTONOwl: v. i, no. i, 3-14; v. 2, no.Coles County Ledger: v. i, no. 41;1-2; Oct., i874-Feb., 1876Feb. 25, 1858Patriot (d): v. i, no. i; Sept. 30,Illinois Globe: v. 3, no. 39; Apr. 7,18561849Pen and Pencil: v. i, no. 13; Sept.CHESTER6, 1856Herald: v. 6, no. 16; July i, 1854 Prairie Herald: v. 7, no. 42; Jan.CHICAGO12, 1853American, Daily Chicago: v. 2, no. Republican: v. i, no. 31; Aug. 3,61; June 18, 18401843American, Chicago Daily: v. 3, no. Times (d): v. i, no. i; Aug. 30,300; Mar. 31, 18421854Christian Banker: v. i, no. 7; May Tribune (w): v. i, no. 274; Apr.28, 185326, 1848; o. s. v. 5, no. 3; JulyChristian Times: v. i, no. 41;16, 1853June 8, 1854Western Citizen: v. i, no. 4; Aug.Church Record: 1850-186219, 1843Commercial Advertiser (d): Dec. Western Citizen and Chicago30, 1848Weekly Times: v. n, no. 52;Commercial Advertiser (w): v. 6,Oct. 18, 1853no. 41; Oct. 5, 1853Western Railroad Gazette: v. i, no.Congregational Herald: n. s. v. i,22; Apr. u, 1857no. 34; Jan. 27, 1854Western Tablet: v. i, no. 9; Apr. 3,Courant (d): v. i, no. 27; Oct. 12,18521853; no. 277; June 5, 1854Young America (d): v. i, no. i;Democrat: n. s. v. 6, no. 8; Jan.July 4, 185419,1842; o. s. v. 9, no. 40; v. 14, DANVILLEno -37! July 27, 1850Illinois Citizen: v. i, no. 2; Sept.Democrat (d) ;v. 5, no. (?) ; June 3,12, 18491846DECATURDemocratic Advocate: v. 3, no. 13;Gazette: v. 7, no. 7; Aug. 19, 1857Apr. 28, 1846Gazette (d): v. i, no. 44; Oct. 7,Democratic Bugle (d): no. 13;1856Sept. 16, 1856Shoaff's Family Gazette: v. 2, no.Democratic Press (d): v. i, no. 57;35; Mar. 4, 1853Nov. 20, 1852DE KALBDollar Newspaper: v. i, no. 30; Western World and DeKalb Review:Oct. 6, 1849 v. i, no. 10; Dec. 4, 1857

4ioILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSALBANY, NEW YORKGENESEOcontinuedNew York StateDIXONLibrary3, 1857, Mar. 17, 1858Telegraph: v. i, no. 5; May 28,1851; v. 3, no. 20; Sept. 24, 1853Freemonter: v. i, no. 5; Sept. 5,1856Republican and Telegraph: n. s. v.i, no. i; July 2, 1857EFFINGHAMPioneer: v. 2, no. 4; Aug. 27, 1857ELGINGazette: v. 2, no. 18; Aug. 13, 1856Illinois Weekly Palladium: v. i,no. 22; Jan. 12, 1854Western Christian: v. 5, no. i;Oct. 3, 1849ELMWOODObserver and Peoria County Advertiser:v. i, no. 10; Mar. 10, 1858FARMINGTONJournal: v. 2, no. 6; Mar. 6, 1858FREEPORTBulletin: n. s. v. i, no. 9, 32; Apr.30, Oct. 8, 1857Journal: v. i, no. 45 ;Oct. 3, 1849;n. s. v. i, no. 22; Oct. 2, 1856Prairie Democrat: v. 4, no. 35;Aug. 21, 1851FULTONWhiteside Investigator: v. i, no.51; Mar. 8, 1855GALENAAdvertiser (d): v. 4. no. 117; Oct.IS. 1851Courier (d): v. i. no. 56, 131 ;Mar.15, 1856, June u, 1856Jeffersonian: n. s. v. 2, no. 49;Dec. 8, 1848Northwestern Gazette: v. 13, no. 6;Dec. n, 1846; v. 20, no. 13;Jan. 17, 1854Sentinel: v. i, no. 3, 6; Nov. 6,27, 1841; no. 34; June n, 1842Sentinel (s w) : v. i, no. 3 ; July 26,1843GALESBURGFree Democrat (w): v. 3, no. 34;Aug. 21, 1856Free Democrat (d):May 29, 1857v. i, no. 64;News-Letter: v. i, no. 4; Aug. 22,1850GALVAWatchman: v. i, no. 25, 38; Dec.Republic and Henry County News:v. i, no. n, 30, 40; Aug. 12,Dec. 23, 1856; Mar. 3, 1857Standard: v. i, no. n; Nov. i, 1855GENEVAStar of the West: v. i, no. i, May21, 1846Western Mercury:v. 3, no. 12;July 5, 1849GREENVLLEAmerican Courier: v. 2, no. 2;July 9, 1857GRTGGSVILLEPike County Union: v. 8, no. 9;Aug. ii, 1856HAVANAMason Herald: v. 5, no. 18; Nov.27, 1857HENNEPINTribune: v. i, no. 18; Aug. 15,1856; v. i, no. 46; Mar. 6, 1857HILLSBOROMontgomery County Herald: v. 3,no. 41; May 2, 23, 1857; v. i,no. 4; June 3, 1854JACKSONVILLEMorgan Journal: v. 10, no. 33; Jan.19, 1854; v. 14, no. 40; Mar.25, 1858JERSEYVILLEDemocrat Union: v. i, no.May 9, 185750;Prairie State: v. 3, no. 52; Aug.26, 1853JOL T ETSignal: v. i, no. 14, 16; Sept. 13,27,1843; v.8, no. 8; July 30, 1850True Democrat: v. 6, no. 31; Mar.3, 1853True Democrat: v. 6, no. 50; July14, 1853KANKAKEEGazette: v. 4, no. 7 ;Oct. 9, 1856KASKASKIARepublican: v. 2, no. 53, 56, 75,77-78,8 i; Mar. o-Oct. 5, 1824Republican Advocate: v. i, no. 13,18, 28-30, 32-35, 37-39, 42-49,51; May 22, i823~Feb. 24, 1824[Continued as Republican}KEWANEEAdvertiser: v. 2, no. 6; Mar. 28,1857Henry County Dial: v. 4, no. 50 ;Apr. 7, 1858

LIBRARY FILES 411ALBANY, NEW YORKcontinuedNew York State LibraryKNOXVILLEJournal: v.5, no. 36; June 13,1854Knox Republican: v. i, no. 30;Apr. 29, 1857; v. 2, no.Mar. 24, 185825;LACONIllinois Gazette: v. 5, no. 9; Aug.27, 1842; v. 14, no. 45; July 6,1853; v. 17, no. 19; Feb. 3,1856Intelligencer: v. 4, no. 17, Apr. 7,1858LA SALLEHerald: v. i, no. 3; Oct. 9, 1852;v. 2, no. 34; June 28, 1854Press: v. 2, no. 39; Dec. 3, 1857;v. 3, no. 4; Apr. 3, 1858Watchman: v. i, no. 41; July 23,1853LEWTSTOWNFulton Democrat: v. i, no. 45;May 24, 1856; v. 2, no. 9; Sept.13, 1856LINCOLNIllinois Citizen: v. i, no. 37LITCHFIELDJournal: v. i, no. 8, 10; June 17,July i, 1857LOCKPORTTelegraph: v. 2, no. 5; May 28,1851; v. 4, no. 20; Oct. i, 1853LODAGarden State: v. 2, no. 24; Oct. 21,1857MACOMBEnterprise: v. 3, no. 22; Jan. 13,1858MARENGOJournal: v. i, no. 4; Sept. 6, 1856MARSHALLClark County Telegraph: -v. 3, no.30; Apr. 8, 1857Eastern Illinoisan: v. 4, no. 8;Sept. 8, 1855MENDOTAPress: v. 2, no. 22; Oct. 30, 1856;v. 2, no. 40; Feb. 26, 1857METAMORAWoodford County Argus: v. i, no.5; June 23, 1854MlDDLEPORTIroquois Republican: v. i, no. 50;Apr. 30, 1857MOLINEIndependent: n. s. v. 3, no. 28, 33 ;Feb. 25, Apr. i, 1857; n. s. v. 4,no. i, 3; Aug. 19, Sept. 2, 1857MORRISGrundy County Herald: v. 2, no.5; Sept. 27, 1856MOUND CITYNational Emporium: v. i, no. 19;Oct. 16, 1856MT. CARROLLRepublican: v. 2, no. 33; Oct. 6,1853; v. 4, no. 22; Aug. 16, 1855Tribune: v. i, no. 13; Oct. u,1850Mr. MORRISIndependent Watchman: v. 4, no.18; Feb. 17, 1858Northwestern Republican: v. i,no. 32; May 14, 1857MT. STERLINGChronotype: v. 7, no. 20; June 8,1854Prairie Democrat: v. i, no. 5;July 19, 1850MT. VERNONJeffersonian: v. 4, no. 38; Jan. 5,1856NAPERVILLEDu Page County Observer: v. i,no. 12; Mar. 19, 1851Du Page County Recorder: v. i,no. 38;NASHVILLESept. 3, 1850Democrat: v. 6, no. 7 ; June 7, 1856Era: v. i, no. 51; May u, 1852Young American Democrat: v. 2,no. 40; May 21, 1853NAUVOONeighbor: v. i, no. 13; July 26,1843Popular Tribune: v. i, no. 4; v. i,pt. 2, no. 2, no. 6; Feb. 15,Aug. 2, 30, 1851 [Continuedas Tribune]Tribune: v. i, no. 44; July 9, 1853NEW BOSTONGolden Age: v. 2, no. 26; May 24,1854OLNEYRepublican: v. 3, no. 4; July 14,1855Times: v. i, no. 44; Apr. 17, 1857;v. 2, no. 38; Mar. 26, 1858OQTJAWKASpectator: v. i, no. 25 ; July 26, 1848

412 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSALBANY. NEW YORKcont inuedNew York State LibraryOREGONOgle County Reporter: v. 6, no. 10,38; Sept. 19, 1856, Apr. 10, 1857;v. 5, no. 30;OTTAWAFeb. 8, 1856Free Trader: v. 14, no. 2, 25 ; Aug.27, 1853, Feb. n, 1854; v. 18,no. 6; Oct. 3, 1857United Irishman: v. i, no. i ; May22, 1848PARISPrairie Beacon: v. 5, no. 6; Feb.3, 1853; v. 9, no. 31; Aug. 14,i857Wabash Valley Republican: v. i,no. 5; July i, 1853PEKINIllinois Palladium: v. i, no. 5;Aug. 3, 1842PEORIADemocrat Press: v. 2, no. 42; Dec.i, 1841Democratic Union: n. s. v. 6, no.35; Oct. 22, 1857Fillmore Union: v. i, no. 1-3;Sept. 8, 22, 1856Illinois Banner: v. 3, no. 5; Apr.8, 1854 ;v. 6,no. 39; Dec. 16, 1857News, Morning (d): v. 3, no. 627;May 26, 1854Register: v. 7, no. 7; May 19, 1843Republican (d) : v. 3, no. 195 ; Aug.30, 1855; v. 4, no. 283; Dec. 10,1856Republican (w): v. 5, no. 2; June16, 1854Transcript: v. 2, no. 71; Mar. 17,l8 57J v. 3, no. 73; Apr. 6, 1858Voice of the People: v. i, no. 6;Apr. 8, 1851PERUJunction Beacon: v. 3, no. 15;July 29, 1848LaSalU County Sentinel: v. 3, no.3; Sept. 5, 1857Telegraph: v. 4, no. 22; Sept. 21,1849PETERSBURGMenard Index: v. 3, no. 28; July4, 1857PlTTSFJELDPike County Free Press: v. 9, no.43; Mar. 15, 1855; v. n, no. 51;May 7, 1857PLYMOUTHLocomotive: v. i, no. 37; Feb. 4,1858POLOTranscript: v. i, no. 20; Oct. 17,1857PONTIACLivingston County News: v. 2, no.26; Sept. 10, 1856Sentinel: v. i, no. 27; Apr. 9, 1858PRAIRIE CITYChronicler: v. i, no. 8, 15; June15, Aug. 3, 1857PRINCETONAdvocate: v. 3, no. 20; May 8,1850Bureau Advocate: v. 3, no. 34;Aug. 14, 1850Post: v. 4, no. 2; Feb. 7, 1856; v.6, no. 6; Oct. 22, 1857QUINCYHerald (w): v. 20, no. 37; May29; 1854; v. 2, no. 42; Aug. 3,1843Tribune (w): v. i, no. 33 ; June 21,1854Whig: v. 13, no. 6; May 7, 1850;v. 16, no. 44; Jan. 23, 1854ROCKFORDRegister: v. 3, no. 28; Aug. 29,1857Republican: v. i, no. 5; Feb. i,1854Rock River Democrat: v. i, no. 48;Apr. 26, 1853 ; v. 4, no. 7 ; July31, 1855; v. 5, no. 6; July 15,1856ROCK ISLANDAdvertiser: v. 6, no. 13; Mar. 9,1853Advertiser (tri-w): v. i, no. 69;May 9, 1854Advertiser (d): v. 2, no. 128; Sept.6, 1856Argus (d): v. 4, no. 49; Aug. 27,1857Islander and Argus: v. 4, no. 216;Apr. 8, 1858Rock Islander: v. 2, no. 50; Sept.10, 1856ROCKTONGazette: v. i, no. i;RUSHVILLEMay 27, 1857Prairie Telegraph: v. 6, no. 41 ;Apr. 7, 1854; v. 7, no. 39; Mar.30, 1855

ALBANY, NEW YORKLIBRARY FILEScontinued RepublicanNew Sentinel: v. 3, no. 28;York State LibraryDec. 18, 1856ST. CHARLESTrue Republican: v. i, no. 18;Argus: v. 3, no. 6; Mar. 4, 1858Feb. 16, 1858Kane County Democrat: v. 2, no. TAYLORVILLE42; Aug. 15, 1850; v. 7, no. 29; Independent Press: v. i, no. 13;July 19, 1854Apr. 16, 1858The Age: v. i, no. 3; July 14, URBANA1843Union: v. i, no. 4; Oct. 21, 1852;SANDWICHv. 2, no. 28; June 8, 1854People's Press: v. i, no. 10; Nov. VANDALIA12, 1857Age of Steam and Fire: v. 2, no. 3 ;SAVANNAAug. 2, 1853Register: v. i, no. 29; Feb. 2, 1854 FayetteSHAWNEETOWNObserver: v. 2, no. 50;Dec. 21, 1857Illinois State Gazette: v. i, no. 14; Vandalian: v. i, no. 3; Mar. 20,Aug. 3, 18431858SHELBYVILLEWARRENShelby Banner: v. i, no. 43; May5, 1854; v. 2, no. 31; Mar. Republican: v. i, no. 34; Jan. 7,16,1857J 855; v. 3, no. 18; Jan. 19, WARSAW1856Bulletin: v. i, no. 3, 27, 47; Apr.SPARTA4, Sept. 18, 1856; Feb. 5, 1857Freeman: v. i, no. 4; Apr. n,[no. 27 entitled City Bulletin]1850Message: v. i, no. 8; Feb. 25, 1843Randolph County Journal: v. i, WASHINGTONno. 38; Oct. 3, 1856Investigator: v. i, no. 10; Apr. 30,Register: v. i, no. 25; Aug. 15,18571849WATERLOOSPRINGFIELDPatriot: v. 7, no. 4; Mar. 19, 1858American Enterprise and Eclectic WAUKEGANAdvertiser: v. i, no. 10; Apr. Chronicle: v. 6, 27; Apr. 26, 185324, 1856Freeman's Advocate: v. i, no. i;Conservative: v. i, no. 4; Sept. 4,Feb. 3, 18541856Gazette: v. 3, no. 51; Sept. 24,Illinois Organ: v. 2, no. u; Sept.185329, 1849Northwestern Excelsior: v. i, no.Illinois State Journal: v. 27, no.45; Aug. 26, 1857; v. 2, no. 25;1391; Mar. 31, 1858Apr. 8, 1858Illinois State Register: v. 13, no. 6; WEST URBANA (now CHAMPAIGN)Apr. 14, 1848Spirit of the Agricultural Press: v.Olive Branch: v. 3, no. 3; Feb. 3,i, no. 5; June 25, 18571858WHEATONSangamo Journal: v. 14, no. 22; Du Page County Gazette: v. i, no.Jan. 9, 184510; Oct. 4, 1856Western Leader: v. i, no. 20; June WILMINGTON3, 1854Herald: v. 3, no. 37, 41; June n,STERLINGJuly 9, 1857; v. 4, no. 25; Mar.Republican: v. i, no. 10, 36; Sept.6, 1856, Mar. 18, 18587, 1857WOODSTOCKTimes: v. 3, no. 23, 34; June n, Democrat and McHenry CountyAug. 27, 1857Advocate: v. 5, no. 52; Sept. 20,SYCAMORE1855DeKalb County Republican: v. 5, Republican Free Press: v. i, no.no. 4; Jan. 25, 1858 13; May 31, 1854

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 1814-1850

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 1814-18501814KaskaskiaIllinois Herald1816KaskaskiaWestern Intelligencer, continuationof Illinois Herald (1814)1818KaskaskiaIllinois Intelligencer, continuationof Western Intelligencer (1816)ShawneetownShawnee Chief (?)Illinois Emigrant, continuation ofShawnee Chief (?) (1818)Edwardsville1819SpectatorShawneetownIllinois Gazette, continuation ofIllinois Emigrant (1818)1820VandaliaIllinois Intelligencer, continuationof Kaskaskia Illinois Intelligencer(1818)1822EdwardsvilleStar of the WestVandaliaVandalia Intelligencer (?)Edwardsville1823Illinois Republican, continuation ofStar of the West (1822)KaskaskiaRepublican Advocate1824KaskaskiaKaskaskia Republican, continuationof Republican Advocate (1823)1826BellevilleWestern News417GalenaMiner's JournalKaskaskiaIllinois Reporter1827EdwardsvilleIllinois CorrectorSpringfieldSangamo SpectatorGalenaAdvertiser1829KaskaskiaWestern DemocratRock SpringPioneer of theValley of the MississippiSpringfieldJournal and Little Sangamo GazetteEdwardsvilleCrisis1830Illinois Advocate, continuation ofCrisis (1830)JacksonvilleWestern ObserverSpringfieldCourierVandaliaIllinois Monthly Magazine1831EdwardsvilleWestern PloughboyKaskaskiaKaskaskia Democrat, continuationof Western Democrat (1829)PalestineIllinois Chronicle and Literary GazetteJacksonvilleIllinois PatriotRock SpringPioneer and Western Baptist, continuationof Pioneer of the Valleyof the Mississippi (1829)

4i8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSpringfieldSangamon JournalIllinois HeraldVandaliaGazetteIllinoisAltonWhig1832SpectatorGalenaGalenian, continuation of Miner'sJournal (1826)JacksonvilleJacksonville Banner and MorganCounty AdvertiserVandaliaVandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer,continuation of IllinoisIntelligencer (1820) and IllinoisWhig, (1831)AltonAmerican1833BeardstownBeardstown Chronicle and IllinoisBounty Land AdvertiserBellevilleSt. Clair GazetteCarmiWhite County NewsChicagoDemocratDanvilleEnquirerKaskaskiaRandolph Free PressVandaliaIllinois Advocate, continuation ofIllinois Advocate, Edwardsville(1830)Illinois Advocate and State Register,continuation of Illinois Advocate(1833)1834GalenaNorthwestern Gazette and GalenaAdvertiserJacksonvilleIllinois State GazetteNewsMt. CarmelSentinel and Wabash AdvocatePeoriaIllinois Champion and Peoria HeraldChicagoAmerican1835JacksonvilleIllinois State Gazette and JacksonvilleNews, continuation of IllinoisState Gazette (1834) andNews (1834)Liberty's SentinelQuincyIllinois Bounty Land Register.RushvilleJournal and Military Tract AdvertiserShawneetownGallatin Democrat and Illinois AdvertiserSpringfieldIllinois RepublicanTremontTazewell WhigVandaliaIllinois Advocate, continuation ofIllinois Advocate and State Reister(1833)1836AltonIllinois Temperance HeraldObserverTelegraphWestern Pioneer and Baptist StandardBearer, Rock Spring (1831)CarthageCarthagenianEchoChicagoCommercial AdvertiserGalenaDemocrat, continuation of Galenian(1832)OttawaRepublicanParisIllinois StatesmanPeoriaIllinois Champion and Peoria RepublicanRock SpringWestern Watchman

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 419RushvilleJournal, continuation of Journaland Military Tract Advertiser(1835)ShawneetownIllinois Advertiser, continuationGallatin Democrat and Illinois(1835)VandaliaFree PressIllinois State RegisterIllinois State Register and IllinoisAdvocate, continuation of IllinoisAdvocate (1835)Illinois State Register and People'sAdvocate, continuation of IllinoisState Register and Illinois Advocate(1836)1837BellevilleRepresentative and 'Belleville NewsBloomingtonObserver and McLean County AdvocateCantonHeraldCarthageWestern Emigrants' Magazine andHistorian of Times in the WestGraftonBackwoodsmanHennepinJournalJacksonvilleCommon School AdvocateIllinoisan, continuation of IllinoisPatriot (1831)LaconHeraldNaplesSpirit of the WestPekinTelegraphRushvilleSchuyler Advocate, continuationJournal (1836)ShawneetownWestern Voice and Internalprovement JournalVandaliaFree Press and Illinois Whig, continuationof Free Press (1836)AltonAltonianVoice ofBellevilleRepresentativeationville News ChicagoVoice ofEdwardsvilleGalenaJournalHennepinGeniusHillsboroPrairie BeaconJacksonvilleIllinoisQuincyWhigRushvilleTest, continuationvocateWinchesterVoice ofAltonCommercialMissouriHerald,TemperanceGreat WesternSpirit ofBellevilleAdvocate,sentativeChesterSouthernChicagoDailyAmericanJerseyvilleBackwoodsmanGreentinuationmanJolietCourier1838IllinoisandRepresentative(1837)(1833)PeopleWeekly MirrorUniversalStandard(1837)Truth1830GazetteIllinoiscontinuation continuationand GazetteIllinois AdvocateAmerican,(1835)andCountyof GraftonofGazette, continu-of and Belle-and St. Clairtheof Emancipationof Schuyler Ad-and Temperanceof Illinois(1836)'76of Repre-(1838)continuation ofofJersey andIm-Advertiser, con-Backwoods-(1837)

42OILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMt. CarmelRegisterNauvooTimes and SeasonsQuincyArgus, continuation of IllinoisBounty Land Register (1835)Rock IslandBanner and Stephenson GazetteRushvilleIllinois RepublicanShawneetownIntelligencer, continuation of WesternVoice and Internal ImprovementJournal (1837)SpartaColumbus HeraldSpringfieldIllinois State Register, continuationof Vandalia Illinois State Registerand People's Advocate (1836)VandaliaIllinois Sentinel1840AltonSuckerTaperBellevilleDer Freiheitsbote fur IllinoisCantonWestern TelegraphChicagoHard Cider PressWeekly TribuneEdwardsvilleSovereign People, continuation ofWestern Weekly Mirror (1838)GalenaStarJacksonvilleIllinois DemocratKaskaskiaRepublicanLaconIllinois Gazette, continuation ofHerald (1837)LewistownFulton DemocratLowellGenius of LibertyMt. CarmelGreenbrierWabash RepublicanNaplesPostOttawaIllinois Free TraderParisIllinois StatesmanPekinTazewell ReporterPeoriaDemocratic PressPeruNinaiva GazetteQuincyOld StatesmanRockfordRock River ExpressStarRock IslandUpper MississippianRushvillePolitical Examiner, continuation ofIllinois Republican (1839)ShelbyvilleOkawPrairie FlowerSpartaDemocratHeraldSpringfieldIllinois MessengerOld HickoryOld SoldierWarsawWestern WorldCairoGazette1841CantonFulton Telegraph, continuation ofWestern Telegraph (1840)CharlestonCourierChicagoUnion Agriculturist and WesternPrairie FarmerEast St. LouisAmerican Bottom Gazette

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 421ExeterBattle AxeGalenaSentinelIllinoistown1American Bottom ReporterQuincyHerald, continuation of Argtts(1839)RockfordPilotSt. CharlesPatriotShawneetownIllinois RepublicanWarsawSignal, continuation of WesternWorld (1840)WinchesterBattle Axe, continuation of ExeterBattle Axe (1841)Alton1842People's Miscellany and IllinoisHeraldBellevilleFarmers' and Mechanics' RepositoryChicagoExpressNorthwestern BaptistQuid NuncRepublicanWestern CitizenGraftonPhoenixGrand DetourRock River RegisterIllinoistownNational BankJerseyvilleNewspaper, continuation of Backwoodsmanand Jersey and GreenCounty Advertiser (1839)NauvooWaspMt. MorrisRock River RegisterPekinIllinois Palladium1 See footnote, 402.PeoriaRegister, continuation of Registerand Northwestern Gazetteer (1837)PittsfieldSucker and Farmer's RecordRockfordBetter CovenantSt. CharlesBetter Covenant, continuation ofRockford Better Covenant (1842)VandaliaFreeman1843BellevilleSt. Clair BannerCantonFulton BannerCarlyleBeaconCarrolltonAdvocateCharlestonOwlChicagoBetter Covenant, continuation ofSt. Charles Better Covenant (1842)Prairie Farmer, continuation ofUnion Agriculturist and WesternPrairie Farmer (1841)Youth's GazetteGrand DetourIllinois TribuneJacksonvilleChristian MessengerIllinois StatesmanJolietSignal, continuation of Courier(i839)LewistownFulton BannerNauvooNeighbor, continuation of Wasp(1842)OttawaFree Trader, continuation of IllinoisFree Trader (1840)PeoriaGerrymanderRockfordWinnebago Forum

422 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRushvilleWhig, continuation of PoliticalExaminer (1840)St. CharlesFox River Advocate, continuationof Patriot, Fox River Advocateand Kane County Herald (1843)Patriot, Fox River Advocate andKane County Herald, continuationof Patriot (1843)The AgeShawneetownIllinois State GazetteSpringfieldTimesTremontTazewell DemocratVandaliaFree PressOlive LeafWarsawMessage, continuation of Signal(1841)WaterlooIndependent Democrat1844BellevilleIllinois BeobachterPoliticianCarlyleTruth TellerChicagoDaily JournalDemocrat Advocate and CommercialAdvertiserGem of the PrairieIllinois Medical and Surgical JournalLewistownRepublicanMt. CarmelPlow BoyWabash DemocratNauvooExpositorOttawaConstitutionalistRockfordForum, continuation of WinnebagoForum (1843)SpartaRandolph County RecordSpringfieldIllinois Adler und DemocratischerWhigOlive BranchVandaliaBaptist HelmetWarsawHancock DemocratSignal, continuation of Message(1843)WinchesterRepublicanAlton1845Presbytery ReporterTruth SeekerBeardstownGazetteBellevilleSt. Clair BannerBloomingtonMcLean County RegisterChicagoDaily NewsGarland of the WestSpirit of Temperance ReformVolksfreundWestern (Literary?) MagazineElginWestern ChristianGalenaJeffersonianGenevaFox River AdvocateStar of the West, continuation ofFox River Advocate (1845)GreenvilleProtestant MonitorHennepinHeraldJacksonvilleMorgan JournalWestern StarLewistownFulton GazetteLittle FortLittle Fort Porcupine and DemocraticBannerNauvooColonie Icarienne

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 423PeoriaAmericanWeekly Register, continuation ofRegister (1842)PittsfieldPike County SentinelQuincyBeobachterDaily Morning CourierRock IslandNorthwestern AdvertiserSpringfieldIllinois WashingtonianWaterlooWar Eagle, continuation of IndependentDemocrat (1843)WaukeganLake County Herald1846AltonProtestant MonitorAuroraDemocratPeople's PlatformBloomingtonWestern WhigCarrolltonGazetteCharlestonReporterChicagoArielDaily CavalierDollar WeeklyIllinois and Indiana Medical andSurgical Journal, continuationof Illinois Medical and SurgicalJournal (1844)Liberty TreeMorning MailValley WatchmanWestern HeraldGriggsvillePike County Free PressMonmouthAtlasNauvooHancock Eagle, continuation ofNeighbor (1843)New Citizen, continuation of HancockEagle (1846)PeruBeacon LightPittsfieldPike County Free PressQuincyStern des WestensRock IslandLiberty BannerSt. CharlesPrairie MessengerWoodstockIllinois RepublicanAuroraBeaconBelleville1847Times, continuation of St. ClairBanner (1845)BelviderePrairie BeaconCantonDemocratic RepositoryCarrolltonObserverCharlestonRepublicanChesterReveille and Homestead AdvocateChicagoCommercial AdvertiserHerald of the Prairies, continuationof Western Herald (1846)Northwestern Educator and Magazineof Literature and SciencePorcupineTribuneWatchman of the PrairiesDanvillePatriotElginGazetteFreeportPrairie DemocratGenevaWestern MercuryGreenvilleWestern EvangelistJacksonvilleJackson Standard

424 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJolietTrue DemocratMottoLawrencevilleStar Spangled BannerLittle FortLake County VisiterNauvooPatriotRobin's NestMottoRock IslandAdvertiser, continuation of NorthwesternAdvertiser (1845)WaukeganLake County ChronicleBelvidereRepublicanBloomingtonReveilleCairoDelta1848CarrolltonGreen County BannerCharlestonIllinois GlobeChicagoAmerican Odd Fellow and Magazineof Literature and ArtField PieceFree Soil BannerIllinois Staats-ZeitungLady's Western MagazineNew CovenantNorthwestern Medical and SurgicalJournal, continuation of Illinoisand Indiana Medical and SurgicalJournal (1846)Western FarmerGalesburgNorthwestern IntelligencerGreenvilleJournalFreeportJournalLawrencevilleAmerican Banner, continuation ofStar Spangled Banner (1847)LebanonIllinois Advocate and Lebanon JournalLockportWitt County TelegraphMarshallIllinois State JournalMt. SterlingPrairie PioneerOquawkaSpectatorOttawaUnited IrishmanParisPrairie BeaconPekinMirrorPeoriaDaily Register, continuation ofWeekly Register (1845)Nineteenth CenturyPeruTelegraphPrincetonBureau County HeraldQuincyTribune and Free Soil BannerRockfordFree PressRushvillePrairie TelegraphSpartaFreemanPrairie DemocratShawneetownSouthern Illinois AdvocateSpringfieldIllinois OrganVirginiaObserverOwl1849BellevilleIllinois Republican, continuation ofTimes (1847)BentonStandardBellevilleZeitungCantonRegisterChesterHerald

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST 425ChicagoChicago Dollar NewspaperPrairie Herald, continuation ofHerald of the Prairies (1847)Temperance Battle-AxDanvilleIllinois CitizenGalesburgNorthwestern GazetteerGreenvilleBarnburnerJonesboroGazetteKnoxvilleJournalMarshallIllinois State DemocratNapervilleDu Page County RecorderOlneyNewsPeoriaChampionPittsfieldPike County Union, continuationof Pike County Sentinel (1845)St. CharlesDemocratic Platform, continuationof People's Platform (1849)People's PlatformSpartaRegisterVandaliaFayette Yeoman and Railroad JournalWaukeganCody's AdvertiserFree DemocratBloomingtonState Bulletin1850ChicagoCommercial RegisterDemocratic Argus -iEclectic Journal of Education andLiterary ReviewEdwardsvilleMadison County RecorderGalesburgNews LetterHillsboroPrairie MirrorJerseyvillePrairie StateLaconHeraldLewistownIllinois Public LedgerMarionWestern Family MonitorMt. CarrollTribuneMt. MorrisGazetteMt. SterlingPrairie Democrat, continuation ofPrairie Pioneer (1848)NapervilleDaughter of TemperanceDemocratic Platform, continuationof Du Page County Recorder(1849)OlneyRepublicanPekinReveillePeoriaRepublicanPeruDemocratQuincyWochenblattSt. CharlesKane County Democrat, continuationof Democratic Platform(1849)SpartaJournal, continuation of Freeman(1848)WarsawCommercial Journal, continuationof Signal (1847}WaukeganGazette

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSABBOTT'S UNITED STATES MONTHLYChicago, 144ABEND ZEITUNGChicago, 69ABINGDON COLLEGE MONTHLYAbingdon, iACADEMY OF Music GAZETTEChicago, 80ADAGEBarry, 17ADLER UNO DEMOCRATISCHER WHIG,ILLINOISSpringfield, 323ADVANCEBloomington, 30Brighton, 33, 239, 319Chicago, 88Chrisman, 150Clayton, 151Monmouth, 246New Berlin, 262O'Fallon, 265ADVANCE, DEAF-MUTEJacksonville, 205ADVANCE GUARDChicago, 91, 95ADVANCE, ILLINOISJacksonville, 205ADVANCE, JEWISHChicago, 141ADVANCE, REPUBLICAN ATLAS-Monmouth, 246ADVANCE, SEWING MACHINEChicago, 147ADVANCE, WESTERNBloomington, 31ADVENT CHRISTIAN TIMESChicago, 8 1ADVERTISERAbingdon, iAnna, 10Astoria, 12Canton, 40Danville, 155429Delavan, 160Dixon, 162Fulton, 182Galena, xxxii, xxxiv, 182, 212Jonesboro, 209Kewanee, 214, 215Lockport, 227, 244Marseilles, 235Mokena, 244Morris, 247Neoga, 261Nokomis, 263Onarga, 267Peoria, 281Piper City, 284Polo, 286, 287Rock Island, Ixx, Ixxvii, 161, n., 303ADVERTISER, AMERICAN ENTERPRISEAND ECLECTICSpringfield, 324ADVERTISER AND COUNTING ROOMMANUAL, COMMERCIALChicago, 82ADVERTISER AND WEEKLY PRICECURRENT, LUMBERMAN'SChicago, 78ADVERTISER, BACKWOODSMAN ANDJERSEY AND GREEN COUNTIESJerseyville, 206ADVERTISER, BOONE COUNTYBelvidere, 25ADVERTISER, CHICAGO COMMERCIALChicago, 115ADVERTISER, CHRISTIANREAL ESTATECOUNTYTaylorville, 334ADVERTISER, CHRONICLE ANDBOUNTY LANDBeardstown, liiiADVERTISER, CODY'SWaukegan, 352ADVERTISER, COMMERCIALChicago, 53, 58Dunleith, 163Galena, 184

430 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSADVERTISER, DAILYGalena, Ixx, Ixx, n., 64, 183ADVERTISER, DEMOCRAT ADVOCATEAND COMMERCIALChicago, 55ADVERTISER, DEMOCRAT AND BROWNCOUNTYRushville, 307ADVERTISER, EXPOSITION PICTORIALChicago, 116ADVERTISER, GALLATIN DEMOCRATAND ILLINOISShawneetown, 314ADVERTISER, HERALD ANDMorris, 247ADVERTISER, ILLINOISKewanee, 215Shawneetown, 315ADVERTISER, INDUSTRIAL WORLD ANDCOMMERCIALChicago, 115ADVERTISER, JACKSONVILLE BANNERAND MORGAN COUNTYJacksonville, 203ADVERTISER, JOURNAL ANDKnoxville, 216ADVERTISER, JOURNAL AND MILITARYTRACTRushville, 306ADVERTISER, KANE COUNTYGeneva, 189ADVERTISER, MADISONEdwardsville, 167ADVERTISER, MATRIMONIAL NEWSAND SPECIALChicago, 97ADVERTISER, MEDICAL REGISTER ANDAnna, 10ADVERTISER, MERCHANTS'Bloomington, 30ADVERTISER, MONROEWaterloo 350ADVERTISER, NORTHWESTERNRock Island 303ADVERTISER, NORTHWESTERN GA-ZETTE AND GALENAGalena 183, 184ADVERTISER, OBSERVER AND PEORIACOUNTYElmwood, 172ADVERTISER, PICTORIALChicago, 112ADVERTISER, PRAIRIE HOME ANDSandwich, 311ADVERTISER, REPUBLICANBloomington, 29ADVERTISER, TENNEY,COMPANY'SHARDY ANDKewanee, 214ADVERTISER, UNION BANNER ANDCOMMERCIALChicago,. 8 2ADVERTISER, WILL COUNTY COM-MERCIALLockport, 227ADVERTISER, WINNEBAGO COUNTYDurand, 164ADVERTISER'S ASSISTANTChicago, 105ADVERTISING BULLETIN, RAILWAYChicago, 147ADVOCATEBelleville, Ixxvii, Ixxix, Ixxxix, 20,21, 22, 23, 24, 46, 237Carrollton, 44Chicago, 113Dallas, 154Dundee, 163Elgin, 170, 171, 309Greenville, 194Litchfield, 226Mt. Vernon, 255Plymouth, 286Roberts, 297Salem, 309, 310Waterloo, 350ADVOCATE AND COMMERCIAL AD-VERTISER, DEMOCRATChicago, 55ADVOCATE AND LEBANON JOURNAL,ILLINOISLebanon, 220ADVOCATE AND NEWS, INDUSTRIALGeneseo, 188ADVOCATE AND NEWS LETTERBelleville, 21, 22, 23ADVOCATE AND STATE REGISTERILLINOISSpringfield, 322Vandalia, 322, 341-ADVOCATE, BUREAUPrinceton, Ixxv, n., 289ADVOCATE, CHRONICLE ANDWaukegan, 352, 353

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSADVOCATE, CHURCHADVOCATE, REVEILLE AND HOME-Kaskaskia, xxviii, xlviii, 212 Chicago, 95Grayville, 192STEADADVOCATE, COMMON SCHOOLChester, 51Jacksonville, 203ADVOCATE, SCHUYLERADVOCATE, DOLLARRushville, 307Waterloo, 350ADVOCATE, SENTINEL AND WABASHMt.ADVOCATE, FARMERS'Carmel, 250Bement, 26ADVOCATE, SOLDIERS'Dakota, 154Freeport, 181Danville, 156ADVOCATE SOUTHERN ILLINOISMarion, 234Monticello, 247ADVOCATE, Fox RIVERGeneva, 188.St. Charles, 308ADVOCATE, FREEMAN'SWaukegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353Chester, 51Shawneetown, 315ADVOCATE, SPIRITRockford, 299, 353ADVOCATE, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 133ADVOCATE, UNIONADVOCATE, HERALDGeneseo, 188Salem, 310, 311ADVOCATE, UNION PARKADVOCATE, ILLINOISChicago, 104WestEdwardsville, 167Chicago, 354Vandalia, 341ADVOCATE, WEST" ENDADVOCATE, ILLINOIS STATE REGISTER Chicago, 105AND ILLINOISADVOCATE, WESTERN TEMPERANCEVandalia, 342Chicago, 85ADVOCATE, ILLINOIS STATE REGISTER ADVOCATE, WHITE COUNTYAND PEOPLE'SCarmi, 44, 192Vandalia, 342ADVOCATE, WILLIAMSON COUNTYADVOCATE, INDUSTRIALMarion, 234Salem, 46, 310, 311ADVOCATE, WORKWOMAN'SADVOCATE, MINER AND WORKMAN Chicago, 80Belleville, 24ADVOCATE, YOUNGADVOCATE, MISSIONARYBatavia, 18Chicago, 98AETNAADVOCATE, NORTHWESTERN CHURCH Chicago, 145Chicago, 67AGEADVOCATE, OBSERVER AND MCLEAN Charles, 308COUNTYAGE OF PROGRESSBloomington, 27ADVOCATE OF PEACEChicago, 95ADVOCATE, PEOPLE'SWilmington, 356ADVOCATE, PRAIRIEToulon, 335ADVOCATE, PRAIRIE CITYLitchfield, 226ADVOCATE, REPUBLICGeneseo, 188ADVOCATE, REPUBLICANCarlyle, 43AGE OF STEAMVandalia, 343AGE OF STEAM AND FIREVandalia, 343AGENT, RAILWAY PURCHASINGChicago, 143AGENTS' GUIDEChicago, 113AGERDYRKNING AND OECONOMIEChicago, 100AGITATOR

432 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSAGITATOR, ART JOURNAL ANDChicago, 95AGRICULTURAL PRESS, SPIRIT OF THEChampaign, 47, 48AGRICULTURE AND FAMILY GAZETTEChicago, 145AGRICULTURE, EMERY'S JOURNAL OFChicago, 73AGRICULTURE, ILLUSTRATED JOURNALOFChicago, 117AGRICULTURE, JOURNAL OFChicago, 54AGRICULTURIST AND LIVE STOCKJOURNAL, WESTERNChicago, 94Quincy, 293AGRICULTURIST AND WESTERNPRAIRIE FARMER, UNIONChicago, 53AGRICULTURIST, WESTERNQuincy, 293ALARMChicago, 138, 144ALGONQUIN CITIZENDundee, 163ALL THE WORLD OVERChicago, 138ALLIANCEChicago, 114, 149ALLIANCE AND RADICAL REVIEWChicago, 114ALLIANCE, MAINE LAWChicago, 68ALTARET, FAMALJEChicago, 146ALTONIANAlton, 6ALUMNI JOURNALBloomington, 30Lincoln, 224AMATEUR MECHANICChicago, 134AMATEUR MONTHLYChicago, 105AMATEUR NEWSAbingdon, iAMATEUR'S JOURNALChicago, 145AMERICANAlton, 3Chicago, Ixiv, Ixxi, 53Peoria, 278AMERICAN ANTIQUARIANChicago, 138AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN AND ORI-ENTAL JOURNALChicago, 138AMERICAN ASPIRANTChicago, 119AMERICAN BANNERLawrenceville, 220AMERICAN BEE JOURNALChicago, 77AMERICAN BOTTOM GAZETTEEast St. Louis, 165, 202, n.AMERICAN BOTTOM REPORTERSt. Clair, 202AMERICAN BREEDER AND FEEDERChicago, 116AMERICAN BUILDER AND JOURNAL OFARTChicago, 91AMERICAN BUREAU OF MINES,JOURNAL OF THEChicago, 117AMERICAN CABINET MAKER, UPHOL-STERER AND CARPET REPORTERChicago, icoAMERICAN CHESS JOURNALChicago, 138AMERICAN CHURCHMANChicago, 78AMERICAN CONTRACT JOURNAL,ENGINEERING NEWS ANDChicago, 121AMERICAN CONTRACTORChicago, 145AMERICAN COURIERGreenville, 194AMERICAN EAGLESalem, 310AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL REVIEWChicago, 148AMERICAN EDUCATORLockport, 227AMERICAN ENGINEER AND RAILROADJOURNALChicago, 108

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 433AMERICAN ENTERPRISE AND ECLECTICADVERTISERSpringfield, 324AMERICAN FURNITURE GAZETTEChicago, 139AMERICAN GRAPHICChicago, 145AMERICAN HOMEChicago, 1 19, 134AMERICAN HOME MAGAZINEChicago, 114AMERICAN HOMEOPATHChicago, 139AMERICAN HOMEOPATHISTChicago, 139AMERICAN HOMES MAGAZINEChicago, 119AMERICAN HORSE-SHOER AND HARD-WARE JOURNALChicago, 129AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONChicago, 91AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MATERIAMEDICAChicago, 77AMERICAN LAW MANUALChicago, 8 1AMERICAN LUMBERMANChicago, 118AMERICAN MILLERChicago, 119AMERICAN ODD FELLOW AND MAG-AZINE OF LITERATURE AND ARTChicago, 6 1AMERICAN PHYSICIANChicago, 139AMERICAN POULTRY JOURNALChicago, 129, 179AMERICAN RAILWAY JOURNAL, EN-GINEERING NEWS ANDChicago, 121AMERICAN SPIRIT AND WINE TRADEREVIEWChicago, 78AMERICAN STOCKMANChicago, 145AMERICAN STOCKMAN, WESTERNRURAL ANDChicago, 80AMERICAN TRADE JOURNALChicago, 125AMERICAN WORKING PEOPLEChicago, 114AMERICANISCHER BOTSCHAFTERChicago, 91AMERICANISHER FARMERChicago, 105AMERIK FARMERChicago, 105AMERIKANChicago, 125AMERIKANAREN, SVENSKAChicago, 87, 108, 139AMERIKANER, DEUTSCHNokomis, 264AMERIKANER, DEUTSCHE-Chicago, 68AMERICKY, SOKOLChicago, 148AMERIQUE, L'Chicago, zooAMUSEMENT WORLDChicago, 139ANDRUS' ILLUSTRATED MONTHLYRockford, 301ANNUALMt. Morris, 253ANTI-MONOPOLISTBloomington, 30, 31Hillsboro, 200Salem, 310Woodstock, 360ANTI-MONOPOLIST, MCLEAN COUNTYBloomington, 30, 31Saybrook, 312ANTIQUARIAN, AMERICANChicago, 138ANTIQUARIAN AND ORIENTALJOURNAL, AMERICANChicago, 138ANZEIGERBloomington, 30Chicago, 89Mascoutah, 238ANZEIGER, DEUTSCHERFreeport, 181ANZEIGER, ILLINOIS STAATSSpringfield, 324ANZEIGER, MACOUPINCarlinville, 42ANZEIGER, MADISON COUNTYEdwardsville, 169

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSA. O. H. EMERALDSpringfield, 326A. O. U. W. AND I. O. M. A. Ri,PORTERLincoln, 225APEXPlainfield, 285APIARYShelbyville, 318APPEALBloomington, 31Chicago, 130Paxton, 275APPEAL, NEWSBOYS'Chicago, 142ARBEITER, DEUTSCHEChicago, 101ARBEITERFREUNDChicago, 1 20ARBEITER-ZEITUNGChicago, 125, 130, 146ARBEITER-ZEITUNG, CHICAGOERChicago, 125ARGO, MODERNQuincy, 294Jacksonville, 205ARGUSAtlanta, 13, 225, 243Astoria, 12Aurora, 15Batavia, 18Blandinsville, 27Bloomington, 30Cairo, 38, 249Chicago, 101, 117, 136Collinsville, 153Danville, 155Fulton, 182Greenfield, 193Jacksonville, 205Monroe, 246Murphysboro, 257Pana, 273Quincy, 290Robinson, 297Rock Island, Ixx, 303Sandwich, 312St. Charles, 309Woodstock, 359ARGUS, DEMOCRATICChicago, 63ARGUS, ISLANDER ANDRock Island, 303ARGUS-JOUTNALCairo, 37, 249ARGUS, POULTRYPolo, 287ARGUS, STATESpringfield, 326ARGUS, SUNDAYChicago, 117ARGUS AND MOUND CITY JOURNAL,WEEKLYMound City, 37ARGUS, WHITESIDE COUNTYSterling, 328ARGUS, WOODFORD COUNTYMetamora, 241ARIELChicago, 58ARLINGTON HALL PROGRAMMEChicago, 89ARMY RECORDAurora, 16ARMY REGISTERAurora 16ARROW, SCOTT COUNTYManchester, 232, 356Winchester, 358ART JOURNALChicago, 89ART JOURNAL AND AGITATORChicago, 95ART REVIEWChicago, looARTISTChicago, 139ARTSChicago, 100ASHLARChicago, 68ASPIRANT, AMERICANChicago, 119ATHENEUMSpringfield, 326ATLANTISChicago, 67ATLASMonmouth, 246Nokomis, 264ATLAS-AD VANCE, REPUBLICANMonmouth, 246ATLAS, ILLINOISSpringfield, 325

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 435ATLAS, REPUBLICANMonmouth, 246AUGUSTANAChicago, 114Rock Island, 303AUGUSTANA OCH MISSIONAEENChicago, 114AUXILIARY, PUBLISHERS'Chicago, 104Avis, FOLKETSCasey, 46Chicago, 131Axis, MENARD COUNTYPetersburg, 283BABCOCK FIRE RECORDChicago, 1 20BACKWOODSMANGrafton. 191Jerseyville, 44BACKWOODSMAN AND JERSEY ANDGREEN COUNTIES ADVERTISERJerseyville, 206BAECHER ZEITUNG, CONDITOR, KOCHUNOChicago, 139BALANCEChicago, noBANER, ZION'SChicago, 134Galesburg, 186Knoxville, 216BANK NOTE AND COUNTERFEITREPORTER, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 71BANK-NOTE LISTChicago, 68BANK NOTE REPORTERChicago, 74, 79BANK NOTE REPORTER AND COUN-TERFEIT DETECTORChicago, 74BANK NOTE REPORTER, MCELROY'SChicago, 74, 79BANKER, LAKE ZURICHLake Zurich, 217BANKING AND INSURANCE CHRONICLEChicago, 86BANNERAledo, 3Alton, 8Belleville, 24Carlyle, 201Carroll ton, 7Chicago, 95, 99Freeport, 181Lexington, 223Mascoutah, 237Palestine, 272Peoria, IxxixSaybrook, 31, 312Shelbyville, 316BANNER, AMERICANLawrenceville, 220BANNER AND COMMERCIAL AD-VERTISER, UNIONChicago, 82BANNER AND GLEANERCairo, 26BANNER AND MORGAN COUNTYADVERTISER, JACKSONVILLEJacksonville, 203BANNER AND STEPHENSON GAZETTERockford, 302BANNER, BAPTISTBenton, 26Ewing, 174BANNER, CARROLL COUNTYLanark, 218BANNER, CRAWFORDHutsonville, 202BANNER, DEMOCRATICAledo, 2BANNER, FREE SOILChicago, 6 1BANNER, FULTONCanton, 39Lewistown, 222BANNER, GOSPELGeneva, 189BANNER, GREENE COUNTYCarrolltown, 45BANNER, ILLINOISPeoria, 279BANNER, INDUSTRIALYates City, ci, 360BANNER, LIBERTYRock Island, 303BANNER, LITTLE FORT PORCUPINEAND DEMOCRATICLittle Fort, 227Waukegan, 352BANNER, LYCEUMChicago, 90

436 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBANNER, MOULTRIE COUNTY UNIONSullivan, 330BANNER, NATIONALBenton, 26Chicago, 79BANNER OF HOLINESSBloomington, 31BANNER, OGLE COUNTYPolo, 286BANNER, PERRY COUNTYPinckneyville, 283BANNER, POULTRYSterling, 329BANNER, ST. CLAIRBelleville, 21, 22, 22, n.BANNER, SHELBYShelbyville, 316BANNER, TEMPERANCEAlton, 8Waverly, 353BANNER-TIMESCasey, 46BANNER, TRIBUNE AND FREE SOILQuincy, 292BANNER, UNIONCarlyle, 43, 44, 151BANNER, UNION PARKChicago, 105BANNER, WEST CHICAGOChicago, 99BANNER, WESTERNChicago, 75Rockford, 302BANNER, YOUTH'S WESTERNChicago, 67BANNERET, FRIHED'SChicago, 63BAPTIST BANNERBenton, 26Ewing, 174BAPTIST HELMETVandalia, 342BAPTIST, ILLINOISBloomington, 29BAPTIST, ILLUSTRATEDMoweaqua, 256Shelbyville, 318BAPTIST MONTHLYChicago, 75BAPTIST, NATIONALChicago, 98BAPTIST, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 54Salem, 310BAPTIST, PIONEER AND WESTERNRock Spring, 305BAPTIST QUARTERLYChicago, 95BAPTIST STANDARD BEARER, WESTERNPIONEER ANDAlton, 305BAPTIST UNIONChicago, 106BARB CITY TELEGRAPHDe Kalb, 160BARNBURNERGreenville, Ixxv, n., 194BARN-VANNENChicago, 139BATAVIER IN AMERICAChicago, 8 1BATTLE AXEExeter, 175Havana, 197Winchester, 357BATTLE-AXE, TEMPERANCEChicago, 63BAZAAR, HOSPITALChicago, 122BAZAR, MATRIMONIALChicago, 97BEACONAurora, 13Carlyle, 42Freeport, IxxviiMilton, ci, 243Paris, 274BEACON, JUNCTIONPeru, 282BEACON LIGHTPeru, 282BEACON, PRAIRIEBelvidere, 25Hillsboro, 199Paris, 274BEACON, REPUBLICANParis, 274BEACON, WESTERNChicago, 129BEARDSTOWN AND PETERSBURGGAZETTEBeardstown, 18

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 437BEEChicago, 82, noBEE JOURNAL, AMERICANChicago, 77BEE KEEPERS' MAGAZINEChicago, 114BEE, LOGAN COUNTYLincoln, 225BEE, STARK COUNTYWyoming, 360BELLChicago, noBELLETRISTISCHE ZEITUNGChicago, 69, 86BENCH AND BARChicago, 100BEOBACHTERChicago, 134Quincy, 291Sterling, 328Wheaton, 355BEOBACHTER AM ILLINOIS FLUSSBeardstown, 20BEOBACHTER AM MISSISSIPPIRock Island, 303BEOBACHTER AND POSTChicago, 134BEOBACHTER, ILLINOISAlton, 7Belleville, 21, 22, n.BEOBACHTER VON MICHIGANChicago, 68BEST WORDS, OURShelbyville, 318BETTER AGEChicago, 115BETTER COVENANTChicago, 55Rockford, 55, 298St. Charles, 55, 308BIBLE CLASS SCHOLARChicago, 145BIBLE STUDIES, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 122BLACKBURN GAZETTECarlinville, 42BLADEHillsboro, 200Minonk, 154, 244, 294, 297, 308BLADE, FORD COUNTYPaxton, 275BLADE, INDEPENDENTFairbury, 175BLADE, LIVINGSTONFairbury, 175BLADETChicago, 134BLADE, VALLEYParis, 274BLATTERCOUNTYChicago, 79BLATTER, WESTLICHE UNTERHAL-TUNGSChicago, 88BOARD or TRADEChicago, 134BOARD OF TRADE, NATIONALChicago, 137BOARD OF TRADE REPORTChicago, looBOLD HORNETOswego, 270BOND COUNTY DEMOCRATGreenville, 194BONHAM'S RURAL MESSENGERChicago, 91BOOK SELLER, WESTERNChicago, 94BOOKSELLER AND STATIONERChicago, 145BOONE COUNTY ADVERTISERBelvidere, 25BOONE COUNTY DEMOCRATBelvidere, 25BOOT AND SHOEIST, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 136BOTANICAL BULLETINChicago, 130BOTANICAL GAZETTEChicago, 130BOTEHighland, 168, 199BOTE, MADISON COUNTYEdwardsville, 168, 199BOTE UNO SCHUETZEN-ZEITUNG,HIGHLANDHighland, 199BOTSCHAFTER, AMERIKANISCHERChicago, 91BOUNTY LAND ADVERTISER, CHRON-ICLE ANDBeardstown, liii

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBOUNTY LAND REGISTER, ILLINOISQuincy, liii, 290BOURBON, SUNDAYDanville, 156BOY ABOUT TOWNDecatur, 157BOYS AND GIRLS MAGAZINEChicago, 118BOYS' AND GIRLS' OWN, OURChicago, 118BREEDER AND FEEDER, AMERICANChicago, 116BRETHREN AT WORK, THELanark. 218BREWER AND JOURNAL OF THEBARLEY, HOP, AND MALTTRADES, WESTERNChicago, 133BREWER, WESTERNChicago, 133BRIDAL BELLSChicago, noBRIDAL VEILChicago, 115BRIGHT SIDEChicago, 95BRIGHT SIDE AND FAMILY CIRCLEChicago, 95BRITISH AMERICANChicago, 81BRITISH MAILChicago, 95BROWN COUNTY ADVERTISER, DEMO-CRAT ANDRushville, 307BROWN COUNTY DEMOCRATMt. Sterling, 254BROWN COUNTY REPUBLICANMt. Sterling, 254BROWN SCHOOL HOLIDAY BUDGETChicago, 86BUDBARERENChicago, 125BUDGETChicago, 139Davis, 156Freeport, 180, 181Maroa, 235BUDGET, BROWN SCHOOL HOLIDAYChicago, 86BUDGET, LITERARYChicago, 64BUDGET OF FUN, FRANK LESLIE'SChicago, 86BUGLEPrairie City, 288BUGLE, DEMOCRATICChicago, 70BUGLE, FILLMOREPetersburg, 283BUGLE, TEMPERANCEDecatur, 159Lincoln, 225Virginia, 347BUILDER AND JOURNAL OF ART,AMERICANChicago, 91BUILDING JOURNAL, REAL ESTATEANDChicago, 93BULLETINCairo, 37Erie, 173Freeport, 180Henry, 199Kinmundy, 215Mendota, 14, 240Metamora, 241Monticello, 247Nokomis, 264Pekin, 277Raritan, 295Troy, 331Warsaw, 349BULLETIN, BOTANICALChicago, 130BULLETIN, CITYWarsaw, 349BULLETIN, CRAWFORD COUNTYRobinson, 297BULLETIN, DAILY COMMERCIALChicago, 96BULLETIN, DAILY LAWChicago, inBULLETIN, DAILY TRADEChicago, 96BULLETIN, EXTEMPORARYNoyesville, 264BULLETIN, MERCHANTS'Chicago, 147BULLETIN, MORNINGChicago, 72BULLETIN. MUSICALChicago, 147

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 439BULLETIN, RAILWAY ADVERTISINGChicago, 147BULLETIN, REAL ESTATEPaxton, 276BULLETIN, REAL ESTATE JOURNALAND WEEKLYChicago, 143BUMBLE BEEAlbion, 2BUNDER-POSAUNEChicago, 134BUNDES BANNERChicago, 145BUREAUChicago, 96BUREAU ADVOCATEPrinceton, Ixxv, n., 289BUREAU COUNTY DEMOCRATPrinceton, 289BUREAU COUNTY HERALDPrinceton, 289, 290BUREAU COUNTY PATRIOTPrinceton, 289BUREAU COUNTY REPUBLICANPrinceton, 289BUREAU COUNTY TIMESBuda, 34BUREAU COUNTY TRIBUNEPrinceton, 290BUREAU OF MINES, JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICANChicago, 117BUSINESS MAN'S MAGAZINEChicago, 139CABINET MAKER, UPHOLSTERER ANDCARPET REPORTER, AMERICANChicago, 100CABINET, YOUTH'SChicago, 109CALHOUN COUNTY DEMOCRATHardin, 195CALHOUN HERALDHardin, 195CALHOUN TIMESHardin, 195CALHOUN TIMES-HERALDHardin, 195CALLBuda, 34Chicago, 139Lincoln, 225Peoria, 281Quincy, 293CALUMET OF PEACECarlyle, 43CALUMET SUNChicago, 98CAMP REGISTERCairo, 36CAMPAIGN ARGUMENTJacksonville, 205CAMPAIGN OBSERVERElgin, 170CAMPAIGNERLitchfield, 226CANDID EXAMINER, STAR OF BETH-LEHEM ANDAlton, 8CANTONIANCanton, 40CAPITAL RECORD AND FAMILYJOURNALSpringfield, 325CAR AND LOCOMOTIVE BUILDER,NATIONALChicago, 1 08CAR BUILDER, NATIONALChicago, 108CARL PRETZEL'S MAGAZINE POOKChicago, noCARL PRETZEL'S NATIONAL WEEKLYChicago, 120CARNIVAL HERALDChicago, 145CARPET REPORTER, AMERICAN CAB-INET MAKER UPHOLSTERER ANDChicago, 100CARROLL COUNTY BANNERLanark, 218CARROLL COUNTY GAZETTELanark, 218, 313, 334CARROLL COUNTY MIRRORMt. Carroll, 251, 334CARTHAGENIANCarthage, 45, 46CASS COUNTY COURIERVirginia, 346CASS COUNTY DEMOCRATBeardstown, 19, 20Virginia, 346CASS COUNTY INDEPENDENTPekin, 277Virginia,f345

440 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCASS COUNTY JOURNALChandlerville, 49CASS COUNTY MESSENGERBeardstown, 19CASS COUNTY TIMESVirginia, 345, 346CASS COUNTY UNIONVirginia, 346CATHOLIC'S FRIEND, YOUNGChicago, 86CATHOLIC JOURNALChicago, 76CATHOLIC NEWSChicago, 145CATHOLIC PILOTChicago, 120CATHOLIC VINDICATORChicago, 115CATHOLIC, WESTERNChicago, 94CAVALIER, DAILYChicago, 58CENSER, GOLDENRockford, 301, 302CENTENNIALOdell, 265CENTRAL HOMESTEADPana, 273CENTRALIANCentralia, 46CENTRAL ILLINOISANBeardstown, 19, 20CENTRAL ILLINOIS GAZETTEChampaign, 47, 48CENTRAL ILLINOIS DEMOCRATPana, 272CENTRAL ILLINOIS REVIEWOnarga, 267CENTRAL ILLINOIS TIMESShelbyville, 317CENTRAL ILLINOIS WOCHENBLATTOttawa, 271CENTRAL NEWSWayne, 354CENTRAL ORIENTPana, 273CENTRAL RECORDER, NEWS ANDPayson, 276CENTRAL TRANSCRIPTClinton, 151CENTRAL TRANSCRIPT, DEWITTCOUNTS PUBLIC ANDClinton, 152CENTRAL, WAYNE COUNTYJeffersonville, 206CHESS JOURNAL, AMERICANChicago, 138CHILDREN'S VOICEChicago, 1 20CHILD'S FRIENDChicago, noCHILD'S PAPERChicago, 106CHILD'S PAPER, EVERYChicago, 135CHILD'S WORLDChicago, 106CHAMPAIGN COUNTY DEMOCRATUrbana, 338CHAMPAIGN COUNTY GAZETTEChampaign, 48CHAMPAIGN COUNTY HERALDUrbana, 339CHAMPAIGN COUNTY JOURNALUrbana, 48, 338CHAMPAIGN COUNTY PATRIOTUrbana, 338CHAMPAIGN COUNTY UNION ANDGAZETTEChampaign, 48CHAMPIONBeardstown, 19Peoria, Ixx, 278CHAMPION AND PEORIA HERALD,ILLINOISPeoria, liii, 278CHAMPION AND PEORIA REPUBLICAN,ILLINOISPeoria, 278CHAMPION, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 146CHAMPION OF FAIR PLAYChicago, 139CHAMPION OF FREEDOMPolo, 286CHAPEL CHRONICLEChicago, 139CHEMICAL RECORD, PHARMACISTANDChicago, 93CHEMIST, PHARMACIST ANDChicago, 93

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 441CHICAGO ALLIANCEChicago, 113CHICAGO COMMERCIAL ADVERTISERChicago, 115CHICAGO COMMERCIAL EXPRESSChicago, 72CHICAGO DAILY COMMERCIAL REPORTAND MARKET REVIEWChicago, 70CHICAGO DAILY DROVERS' JOURNALChicago, 115CHICAGO DAILY DROVERS' JOURNALAND FARM NEWSChicago, 115CHICAGO DAILY FARMERS' ANDDROVERS' JOURNALChicago, 116CHICAGO DAILY TIMESChicago, 65CHICAGO DOLLAR NEWSPAPERChicago, 63CHICAGO DOLLAR WEEKLYChicago, 63CHICAGOER ARBEITER-ZEITUNGChicago, 125CHICAGOER FREIE PRESSEChicago, 107CHICAGOER HANDELS-ZEITUNGChicago, 126CHICAGOER NEUE FREIE PRESSEChicago, 107CHICAGOER SOCIALISTChicago, 133CHICAGOER VOLKS-ZEITUNGChicago, 138CHICAGOER WESPENChicago, 129CHICAGO FIELDChicago, 121CHICAGO ILLUSTRATED NEWSChicago, 127, 146CHICAGO JOURNAL OF NERVOUSAND MENTAL DISEASESChicago, 123CHICAGO LIBRARIANChicago, 112CHICAGO MAGAZINEChicago, 71CHICAGO MAGAZINE OF FASHION,Music, AND HOME READINGChicago, 102CHICAGO MEDICAL EXAMINERChicago, 76CHICAGO MEDICAL JOURNALChicago, 56CHICAGO MEDICAL JOURNAL ANDEXAMINERChicago, 57CHICAGO MERCHANTS' AND MAN-UFACTURERS' RECORDChicago, 92CHICAGO MERCHANTS' WEEKLYCIRCULARChicago, 78CHICAGO MERCHANTS' WEEKLY CIR-CULAR AND ILLUSTRATED NEWSChicago, 78CHICAGO MINING REVIEWChicago, 141CHICAGO NATIONALChicago, 108CHICAGO NEWS, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 92CHICAGO POSTChicago, 84CHICAGO PULPITChicago, 113CHICAGO RAILWAY REVIEWChicago, 93CHICAGO RECORDChicago, 72CHICAGO REVIEWChicago, 143CHICAGO RIBBON REVIEWChicago, 143CHICAGO SCHOOLMASTERChicago , 1 04, 264CHICAGO TEACHERChicago, 113CHICAGO TIMESChicago, 66CHICAGO WESTERN HOMEChicago, 95CHICAGOANChicago, 91, 94, 95CHICAGSKY VESTNIKChicago, 119CHIEFCambridge, 38Kankakee, 210Orion, 269Wyoming, 360

442 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCHIEF, DEMOCRATICGirard, 190CHIEF, PRAIRIECambridge, 269Galesburg, 187Prairie City, 288Toulon, 336, 360CHIEF, SHAWNEEShawneetown, 314, 314, n.CHIEF, WINNEBAGORockford, 301CHIEF, WINNEBAGO COUNTYRockford, 301CHIMNEY CORNER, FRANK LESLIE'SChicago, 86CHRISTIAN AT WORKChicago, 1 20CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION HERALD,YOUNG 'MEN'SSpringfield, 326CHRISTIAN BANKERChicago, 65CHRISTIAN COUNTY DEMOCRATTaylorville, 333CHRISTIAN COUNTY REAL ESTATEADVERTISERTaylorville, 334CHRISTIAN CYNOSUREChicago, 92Wheaton, 355CHRISTIAN ERAChicago, 63CHRISTIAN FREEMANChicago, 100CHRISTIAN GLEANERChillicothe, 150Rockford, 302CHRISTIAN, GOSPEL ECHO ANDQuincy, 293CHRISTIAN HERALDEureka, 173Jeffersonville, 206CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTORChicago, 75Jeffersonville, 206McLeansboro, 230CHRISTIANERN UNITED PRESBYTERIANINSTRUCTOR AND WEST-Chicago, 75CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTOR, HERALD OFTHE COMING KINGDOM ANDChicago, 89, 109CHRISTIAN MESSENGERJacksonville, 204CHRISTIAN NEWSAlton, 8CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHERGeneseo, 188CHRISTIAN PILGRIMSycamore, 332CHRISTIAN RADICALPolo, 287CHRISTIAN REGISTERChicago, 126CHRISTIAN SENTINELEureka, 280Peoria, 280CHRISTIAN SHOEMAKERChicago, 65CHRISTIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERChicago, 131CHRISTIAN TIMESChicago, 6 1CHRISTIAN TIMES, ADVENTChicago, 8 1CHRISTIAN TIMES AND WITNESSChicago, 6 1CHRISTIAN UNIONChicago, 115CHRISTIAN VOICEChicago, 115CHRISTIAN, WESTERNElgin, Ixxv, n. 170CHRONICLEAurora, 15Bradford, 32Cambridge, 186Chicago, 86, 131Coulterville, 153Decatur, 157De Kalb, 160Elgin, 170Elm wood, 172Harrisburg, 195Hoopeston, 20 cLa Moille, 218Mendota, 240Peoria, IxxviiPeru, Ixx, 282Prairie City, 288Sparland, 319, 349Vermont, 222, 344Winchester, IxxviiYates City, 360

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 443CHRONICLE AND ADVOCATEWaukegan, 352, 353CHRONICLE AND HERALDELMWOOD, 172Yates City, 360CHRONICLE AND LITERARY GAZETTE,ILLINOISPalestine, 272CHRONICLE, BANKING AND INSUR-ANCEChicago, 86CHRONICLE AND ILLINOIS BOUNTYLAND ADVERTISER, BEARDSTOWN,Beardstown, liii,18CHRONICLE, CHAPELChicago, 139CHRONICLE, COLLEGENaperville, 258CHRONICLE, COMMERCIALChicago, 145CHRONICLE, COOK COUNTYArlington Heights, nCHRONICLE, FRANKLIN COUNTYBenton, 27CHRONICLE, GAZETTE ANDDecatur, 157, 158CHRONICLE, HENRY COUNTYCambridge, 38CHRONICLE, ILLINOIS STATEDecatur, Ixxvii, 157CHRONICLE, LAKE COUNTYWaukegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353CHRONICLE, MOULTRIE COUNTYSullivan, 330CHRONICLE, NEWSLewistown, 222CHRONICLE, NORTH VERMILLIONHoopeston, 201CHRONICLE-SENTINELHarrisburg, 196CHRONICLE, WHITESIDESterling, 328CHRONIK DES WESTENSRock Island, 304CHRONOTYPEMt. Sterling, 253CHRONOTYPE, SATURDAY EVENINGChicago, 72CHURCH, THEPolo, 287CHURCH ADVOCATEGrayville, 192CHURCH ADVOCATE, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 67CHURCH AND HOMEShelbyville, 318CHURCH AND SCHOOLChicago, 134CHURCH, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 72CHURCH PROGRESSMarshall, 237CHURCH RECORDChicago, 72CHURCH REPORTERQuincy, 293CHURCHMAN, AMERICANChicago, 78CHURCHMAN, WESTERNChicago, 77CICERO SUNChicago, 98CIRCULAR AND ILLUSTRATED NEWS,CHICAGO MERCHANTS' WEEKLYChicago, 78CIRCULAR AND ILLUSTRATED NEWS,MERCHANTS' MONTHLYChicago, 78CIRCULAR, CHICAGO MERCHANTS'WEEKLYChicago, 78CITIZENAlgonquin, 3Auburn, 13Chillicothe, 150,219, 290Dundee, 163Illiopolis, 202Kansas, 211Lawnriclge, 219Marseilles, 235Moline, 244Mt. Pulaski, 202, 222Mt. Sterling, 253Princeville, 290Roseville, 306Rushville, 308Tolono, 335Woodstock, 359CITIZEN, CHICAGO WESTERNChicago, 6CITIZEN, ILLINOISDanville, 155CITIZEN, LAKE COUNTYWaukegan, 353

FURNISHING444 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCITIZEN, NEWNauvoo, 260CITIZEN, SCHUYLERRushville, 307CITIZEN, WESTERNChicago, Ixxv, n., 55, 61, 64, 229Rock Island, 303CITIZENS' LEAGUEChicago, 139CITY BULLETINWarsaw, 349CITY EVENING NEWSChicago, 82CITY ITEMCairo, 37CITY LIFE ILLUSTRATEDAurora, 15CITY TIMESCairo, 35, 36CITY WEEKLYSycamore, 332CLARIONMattoon, 238Naperville, 258Urbana, 338CLARION, DEMOCRATICHavana, 197CLARION, KENDALL,Bristol, 33CLARION, LINCOLNSpringfield, 324CLARION, VALLEYChester, 52CLARK COUNTY DEMOCRATMarshall, 236, 237CLARK COUNTY HERALDMarshall, 237CLAY COUNTY TRIBUNELouisville, 228CLEAR GRITSterling, 329CLEMENT REGISTERHuey, 201CLINTON COUNTY PIONEERCarlyle, 44CLIPPERBiggsville, 27La Moille, 218Newark, 262Stewartson, 329CLIPPER, JASPER COUNTYNewton, 263,CLOTHING, AND HATREPORTER, WESTERNChicago, 148CLOTHING GAZETTEChicago, 134CLOUD AND THE BowChicago, 73CODY'S ADVERTISERWaukegan, 352COLES COUNTY GLOBECharleston. 50, n.COLES COUNTY HERALDMattoon, 239COLES COUNTY LEDGERCharleston, 50COLLECTORChicago, 100COLLEGE CHRONICLENaperville, 258COLLEGE COURIERMonmouth, 246COLLEGE JOURNAL, DREW'SChicago, 131COLLEGE MAGAZINE, WESTERNChicago, 148COLLEGE RAMBLERJacksonville, 206COLLEGE RECORDWheaton, 355COLLEGE REVIEWUPPER ALTON, 338COLLEGE TIMESChicago, 96COLLEGIAN, ROCKFORDRockford, 301COLONIE ICARIENNENauvoo, 261COLUMBUS HERALDSparta, 319COMETGreenfield, 192COMING KINGDOM AND CHRISTIANINSTRUCTOR, HERALD OF THEChicago, 89, 109COMING WOMANHenry, 199COMMERCE, JOURNAL OFChicago, 79COMMERCIALCairo, 37Centralia, 47

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 445Chicago, 126Danville, 155D wight, 164Mattoon, 239Rock Island, Ixx, 304Shelbyville, 317COMMERCIAL ADVERTISERChicago, 53, 58, 115Dunleith, 163Galena, 184COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER ANDCOUNTING ROOM MANUALChicago, 82COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, DEMO-CRAT ADVOCATE ANDChicago, 55COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, INDUS-TRIAL WORLD ANDChicago, 115COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, UNIONBANNER ANDChicago, 82COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, WILLCOUNTYLockport, 227COMMERCIAL AND VOLKSFREUNDPeru, 282COMMERCIAL BULLETIN, DAILYChicago, 96COMMERCIAL BULLETIN AND NORTH-WESTERN REPORTERChicago, 69COMMERCIAL CHRONICLEChicago, 145COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISEChicago, 106COMMERCIAL EXPRESS, CHICAGOChicago, 72COMMERCIAL EXPRESS AND WESTERNPRODUCE REPORTER, WELLS'Chicago, 72COMMERCIAL GAZETTEAlton, 6COMMERCIAL GRAPHICChicago, 145COMMERCIAL JOURNALWarsaw, 45, 217, 348COMMERCIAL LETTERChicago, 69, 75COMMERCIAL MILLEROttawa, 271COMMERCIAL NEWSDanville, 155COMMERCIAL, NEWS ANDDanville, 155COMMERCIAL, NORTHERN ILLINOISKeithsburg, 213COMMERCIAL PRICE CURRENTChicago, 1 20COMMERCIAL RECORDMonmouth, 246COMMERCIAL REGISTERChicago, 63COMMERCIAL REGISTER, DAILY EX-PRESS ANDChicago, 63COMMERCIAL REPORT AND MARKETREVIEW, CHICAGO DAILYChicago, 70COMMERCIAL REPORT AND MARKETREVIEW, DAILYChicago, 86COMMERCIAL REPORTERChicago, 100COMMERCIAL REVIEWQuincy, 293COMMERCIAL, SUN ANDCairo, 37COMMERCIAL TRAVELER, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 142COMMON SCHOOL ADVOCATEJacksonville, 203COMPANION, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 109CONCORDIAChicago, 86, 134CONDITOR, KOCH UNO BOECKERZEITUNGChicago, 139CONDUCTOR'S BROTHERHOOD MAGA-ZINE, RAILROADChicago, 132CONDUCTOR'S MAGAZINE AND RE-POSITORYChicago, 145CONFECTIONER AND BAKERChicago, 148CONFECTIONER AND BAKER, WEST-ERNChicago, 148CONGREGATIONAL HERALDChicago, 58CONGREGATIONAL REVIEWChicago, 75

446 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCONSERVATIVECarlinville, 42Monticello, 246Springfield, 324Virden, 345CONSERVATORChicago, 139CONSERVATORYChicago, 126CONSTITUTIONCarlyle, 43Nashville, 259Robinson, 297CONSTITUTION, OURUrbana, 338CONSTITUTION AND UNIONCarlyle, 43CONSTITUTIONALISTOttawa, 270CONSTITUTIONISTJacksonville, Ixx, 205CONTRACT JOURNAL, ENGINEERINGNEWS AND AMERICANChicago, 121CONTRACTOR, AMERICANChicago, 145COOK COUNTY CHRONICLEArlington Heights, nCOOK COUNTY HERALDArlington Heights, nCOOK COUNTY RECORDDes Plaines, 161COOK COUNTY SUNChicago, 98CORRECTOR, ILLINOISEdwards ville, 166CORRESPONDENTGalena, 183COSMOPOLITANChicago, 135COSMOPOLITEChicago, 106COSMOS, DENTALChicago, 75COTTAGE MONTHLYChicago, 115COUNTERFEIT DETECTOR, BANK NOTEREPORTER ANDChicago, 74COUNTERFEIT REPORTER, NORTH-WESTERN BANK NOTE ANDChicago, 71COUNTING ROOM MANUAL, COMMER-CIAL ADVERTISER ANDChicago, 82COUNTY NEWSPayson, 276COURANTChicago, Ixxvi, 65COURIER ^_Altamont, 3Alton, Ixx, 4, 7Belvidere, 25Bement, 26Bloomington, 31, 32Canton, 40Carmi, 44Charleston, 49, 50Cherry Valley, 51Chicago, 68, 89, 120Clinton, IxxixDwight, 164Elgin, 172Fulton, 182Galena, Ixx, 163, 184Gibson City, 189Henry, 167; 198Joliet, 207Kewanee, 215Lebanon, 221Lexington, 223Lincoln, 224Onarga, 267Oregon, 269Quincy, Ixx, 291Red Bud, 295Sheldon, 318Springfield, 321Thomson, 334Trenton, 337Urbana, 339Varna, 344Virginia, 346Warsaw, 349COURIER, AMERICANGreenville, 194COURIER, CASS COUNTYVirginia, 346COURIER, COLLEGEMonmouth, 246COURRIER DE L'lLLINOISKankakee, 211COURIER, DE WITTClinton, 151COURIER, DOLLARCarmi, 44

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 447COURIER, FASHIONChicago, 140COURIER, Fox RIVERElgin, 170COURIER, FRANKLIN COUNTYBen ton, 27COURIER, ILLINOISJacksonville, 205Quincy, 292COURIER, JULIETJoliet, 207COURIER, KENDALL COUNTYOswego, 270COURIER, LAWRENCE COUNTYLawrenceville, 220COURIER, LOGAN COUNTYLincoln, 224COURIER, MADISON COUNTYEdwardsville, 168COURIER, STARKewanee, 215COURIER, TIMES-Lincoln, 224COURIER, WILL COUNTYJoliet, 208COURIER-HERALDUrbana, 339COURIER-HERALD, SUNDAYChicago, 120COVENANT, BETTERChicago, 55Rockford, 55, 298St. Charles, 55, 308COVENANT, NEWChicago, 62COVENANT, STAR ANDChicago, 62CRAWFORD BANNERHutsonville, 202CRAWFORD COUNTY BULLETINRobinson, 297CRAWFORD DEMOCRATRobinson, 297CRESCENT AGERockford, 300CRISISEdwardsville, 166, 272CRISIS, POLITICALSpringfield, 325CRITERION, FARMERS'Forreston, 180CRITERION, GROCERS'Chicago, 117CRITIC, INSURANCEChicago, 123CROP REPORTER, NATIONALJacksonville, 205CROSS AND THE SWORD, THEChicago, 1 20CRUSADERChicago, 121CRUSADER, TEMPERANCEWarsaw, 349CRUSADER, WESTERNChicago, 69CYNOSURE, CHRISTIANChicago, 92Wheaton, 355CUDGELRockford, 299CUMBERLAND DEMOCRATMajority Point, 232Prairie City, 266, n.CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIANAlton, 8CUMBERLAND REPUBLICANMajority Point, 232CURIOSITY HUNTERBelvidere, 25Rockford, 301DAGSLYSETChicago, TOODAHEIMChicago, 1 06, 107DAHEIM, WESTEN UNOChicago, 62, 106, 107, 125DAUGHTER OF TEMPERANCENaperville, 257DAY SPRINGChicago, 145DEAF-MUTE ADVANCEJacksonville, 205DE KALB COUNTY FARMERSycamore, 332DE KALB COUNTY NEWSDe Kalb, 160DE KALB COUNTY REPUBLICANSycamore, 331DE KALB COUNTY SENTINELDe Kalb, 160DE KALB REVIEW, WESTERN WORLDANDDe Kalb, 160

448 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDELTACairo, 35DELTA, TIMES ANDCairo, 35DEMOCRATAledo, 3Alton, 8, 9Aurora, 13Beardstown, 19Belleville, 23Benton, 26Bloomington, 30Cairo, 36, 37Cambridge, 38Carbondale, 40Carlinville, 42Carlyle, IxxCarrollton, 45Centralia, 47Chicago, liii, Ixiv, Ixxx, 52, 106Chillicothe, 150Decatur, 157, 158Edwards ville, 169Effingham, 169Eureka, 174Fairfield, 176Galena, 182, 184Galesburg, 187Grayville, 192Greenup, 193Hillsboro, 200Jerseyville, 206Kankakee, 210Kaskaskia, 213Kinmundy, 215Lacon, 217La Salle, 219Lewistown, 222Litchfield, 226Mattoon, 238Mendota, 240Metropolis City, 242Monmouth, 246Morrison, 248Nashville, 258, 259Newman, 262Peru, 282Petersburg, 283Pinckneyville, 284Quincy, 293Red Bud, 296Rich view, 296Shelbyville, 317Sparta, 319Sullivan, 330Taylorville, 334Toledo, 335Watseka, 352Winchester, 357Woodstock, 359DEMOCRAT ADVOCATE AND COM-MERCIAL ADVERTISERChicago, 55DEMOCRAT, NATIONALAlton, 7DEMOCRAT AND BROWN COUNTYADVERTISERRushville, 307DEMOCRAT AND ILLINOIS ADVER-TISER, GALLATINShawneetown, 314DEMOCRAT, BOND COUNTYGreenville, 194DEMOCRAT, BOONE COUNTYBelvidere, 25DEMOCRAT, BROWN COUNTYMt. Sterling, 254DEMOCRAT, BUREAU COUNTYPrinceton, 289DEMOCRAT, CALHOUN COUNTYHardin, 195DEMOCRAT, CASS COUNTYBeardstown, 19, 20Virginia, 346DEMOCRAT, CENTRAL ILLINOISPana, 272DEMOCRAT, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYUrbana, 338DEMOCRAT, CHRISTIAN COUNTYTaylorville, 333DEMOCRAT, CLARK COUNTYMarshall, 236, 237DEMOCRAT, CRAWFORDRobinson, 297DEMOCRAT, CUMBERLANDMajority Point, 232Prairie City, 266, n.DEMOCRAT, DE WITT COUNTYClinton, 152DEMOCRAT, DOUGLAS COUNTYArcola, nDEMOCRAT, EFFINGHAM COUNTYEffingham, 169DEMOCRAT, FAYETTEVandalia, 343DEMOCRAT, FORD'S LIVINGSTONCOUNTYPontiac, 288

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 449DEMOCRAT, FREE, see FREEDEMOCRATDEMOCRAT, FULTONLewistown, 222DEMOCRAT, GREENE COUNTYGreenfield, 193White Hall, 305, 356DEMOCRAT, HAMILTONMcLeansboro, 230DEMOCRAT, HANCOCKCarthage, 46Dallas, 154La Harpe, 217, 348Warsaw, 349DEMOCRAT, ILLINOISChampaign, 48Jacksonville, 204Urbana, 339DEMOCRAT, ILLINOISAN-Beardstown, 19, 20DEMOCRAT, ILLINOIS STAATSSpringfield, 325DEMOCRAT, ILLINOIS STATEMarshall, 236Springfield, 324DEMOCRAT, INDEPENDENTOregon, 269Waterloo, 350Waukegan, 352, 353DEMOCRAT, IROQUOIS COUNTY TIMES-Watseka, 352DEMOCRAT, JACKSONMurphysboro, 256DEMOCRAT, JACKSONIANLouisville, 228DEMOCRAT, JASPER COUNTYNewton, 263DEMOCRAT, JERSEY COUNTYJerseyville, 206DEMOCRAT-JOURNALEureka, 174DEMOCRAT, KANE COUNTYSt. Charles, 309DEMOCRAT, KANKAKEE COUNTYKankakee, 210DEMOCRAT, KNOX COUNTYAbingdon, iDEMOCRAT, LAKE COUNTYWaukegan, 353DEMOCRAT, LAWRENCE COUNTYLawrenceville, 220DEMOCRAT, LEDGERLouisville, 228DEMOCRAT, LEE COUNTYDixon, 162DEMOCRAT, LIBERALChampaign, 48Collinsville, 153DEMOCRAT, LIVINGSTON COUNTYPontiac, 288DEMOCRAT, LOGAN COUNTYLincoln, 224DEMOCRAT, MARSHALL COUNTYHenry, 198Lacon, 217DEMOCRAT, MASON COUNTYHavana, 197DEMOCRAT, MCDONOUGHMacomb, 231DEMOCRAT, MCDONOUGH COUNTYBlandinsville, 27DEMOCRAT, MCHENRY COUNTYWoodstock, 360DEMOCRAT, MERCER COUNTYKeithsburg, 213DEMOCRAT-MESSAGEMt. Sterling, 254DEMOCRAT, MONROEWaterloo, 350DEMOCRAT, MONTGOMERY COUNTYLitchfield, 226DEMOCRAT, MOUDY'SRichview, 296DEMOCRAT, NATIONALChicago, 69, 132Peoria, 281DEMOCRAT, OGLE COUNTYMt. Morris, 253DEMOCRAT, OKAWShelbyville, 316DEMOCRAT, PERRY COUNTYPinckneyville, 284DEMOCRAT, PIATTMonticello, 246DEMOCRAT, PIKE COUNTYPittsfield, 285DEMOCRAT, PIKE'SDecatur, 158DEMOCRAT, POMEROY'SChicago, 132DEMOCRAT, POMEROY'S ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 132

45 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDEMOCRAT, POPE COUNTYGolconda, 191DEMOCRAT, PRAIRIEFreeport, 180Mt. Sterling, 253Sparta, 320DEMOCRAT-PRESSLaSalle, 219DEMOCRAT, PULASKICaledonia, 38DEMOCRAT, RANDOLPH COUNTYChester, 51DEMOCRAT, ROCK RIVERRockford, 299DEMOCRAT, SCHUYLER COUNTYRushville, 307DEMOCRAT, SECOND DISTRICTElgin, 170DEMOCRAT STANDARDLa Salle, 219DEMOCRAT, STARK COUNTYToulon, 187, 336DEMOCRAT, SUNDAYChicago, 101DEMOCRAT, TAZEWELLTremont 337DEMOCRAT, TRUEJOLIET, Ixxvii, 208DEMOCRAT, UNIONKewanee, 214DEMOCRAT, UNION COUNTYJonesboro, 209DEMOCRAT, WABASHMt. Carmel, 251DEMOCRAT, WARFairfield, 176DEMOCRAT, WESTERNKaskaskia, 212DEMOCRAT, WHITESIDEFulton, 182DEMOCRAT, WILLIAMSON COUNTYMarion, 234DEMOCRAT, YOUNG AMERICANNashville, 259DEMOCRATIC ARGUSChicago, 63DEMOCRATIC BANNERAledo, 2DEMOCRATIC BANNER,PORCUPINE ANDLittle Fort, 227Waukegan, 352LITTLE FORTDEMOCRATIC BUGLEChicago, 70DEMOCRATIC CHIEFGirard, 190DEMOCRATIC CLARIONHavana, 197DEMOCRATIC ERADecatur, 159DEMOCRATIC HERALDLawrenceville, 220DEMOCRATIC NEWSBloomington, 31DEMOCRATIC ORGANMarion, 233DEMOCRATIC PLATNDEALERNaperville, 257DEMOCRATIC PLATFORMSt. Charles, 308DEMOCRATIC PRESSChicago, Ixxii, 60, 63Keithsburg, 213Nauvoo, 261Peoria, Ixx, 278, 279DEMOCRATIC REPOSITORYCanton, 39DEMOCRATIC REVIEW, ALTON TELE-GRAPH ANDAlton, 4DEMOCRATIC REVIEW, McDoNOUGHINDEPENDENT ANDMacomb, 231DEMOCRATIC STANDARDGeneseo, 188Paris, 274Rockford, 300DEMOCRATIC UNIONChillicothe, 150Jerseyville, 206DEMOCRATIC UNIONIST, TRUEHavana, 197DEMOCRATIC WATCHMANNewton, 263DEMOCRATISCHER WHIG, ILLINOISADLER UNOSpringfield, 323DEMOKRATBelleville, 23Chicago, 70Peoria, 279, 280Quincy, 293DENSMORE'S LADY'S FRIENDChicago, in

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSDENTAL COSMOSChicago, 75DENTAL JOURNAL, PEOPLE'SChicago, 80DESPATCHBelleville, 24Decatur, 159DESPATCH, DAILY HERALD-Decatur, 159, 160DETECTORChicago, 101DETECTOR, BANK NOTE REPORTERAND COUNTERFEITChicago, 74DET RATTA HEMLANDETChicago, 74Galesburg, 185DEUTSCH AMERIKANERNokomis, 264DEUTSCH-AMERIKANISCHEHEFTEMONATS-Chicago, 8 1DEUTSCHE-AMERIKANERChicago, 68DEUTSCHE AMERIKANISCHE MUELLERChicago, 135DEUTSCHE ARBEITERChicago, 101DEUTSCHE PRESSE, MCLEAN COUNTYBloomington, 30DEUTSCHE VOLKS-ZEITUNGBloomington, 30DEUTSCHE WARTEChicago, 135DEUTSCHE ZEITUNGDanville, 156Galena, 184Peoria, 7, 279DEUTSCHER ANZEIGERFreeport, 181DEWITT COUNTY DEMOCRATChicago, 152DE WITT COUNTY GAZETTEClinton, 152DE WITT COUNTY MESSENGERClinton, 153DE WITT COUNTY PUBLIC AND CEN-TRAL TRANSCRIPTClinton, 152DE WITT COUNTY REPUBLICANClinton, 178DE WITT COURIERClinton, 151DE Wrrr REGISTERClinton, 152DIALElgin, 171DIAL, HENRY COUNTYKewanee, 214DIOCESEChicago, noKnoxville, 216DISPATCHBarry, 17Chicago, 101Greenfield, 193Jacksonville, 205Mendon, 240Minonk, 244Moline, 245Woodhull, 359DISPATCH, REVIEW-Moline, 245DISTRICT DEMOCRAT, SECONDElgin, 170DIXON TELEGRAPH AND LEE COUNTYHERALDDixon, 161, n.DOB A, NOVAChicago, 92DOLLAR ADVOCATEWaterloo, 350DOLLAR COURIERCarmi, 44DOLLAR MONTHLYPlymouth, 286DOLLAR MONTHLY AND OLD SET-TLERS' MEMORIAL, GREGG'SHamilton, 195DOLLAR NEWSPAPER, CHICAGOChicago, 63DOLLAR RURAL MESSENGERHamilton, 195DOLLAR SENTINELWindsor, 358DOLLAR STARMt. Pulaski, 253DOLLAR SUNChicago, 98DOLLAR WEEKLYChicago, 58DOLLAR WEEKLY GAZETTEOlney, 266

452 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDOLLAR WEEKLY NEWSElgin, 171DOLLAR WEEKLY SUNChicago, 98DOLTON-RlVERDALE REVIEWDolton, 162DOT PAPEREast St. Louis, 166DOUGLAS COUNTY DEMOCRATArcola, nDOUGLAS COUNTY REVIEWTuscola, 337DOUGLAS COUNTY SHIELDTuscola, 337DRAMATIC NEWS, DAILYCairo, 36DREW'S COLLEGE JOURNALChicago, 131DROVERS' JOURNALChicago, 115DROVERS' JOURNAL AND FARM NEWS,CHICAGO DAILYChicago, 115DROVERS' JOURNAL, CHICAGO DAILYChicago, 115DROVERS' JOURNAL, CHICAGO DAILYFARMERS' ANDChicago, 116DROVERS' JOURNAL, GOODALL'SFARMER AND WEEKLYChicago, 115DRUG PRICE LIST, GROCERY ANDChicago, noDRUGGISTChicago, 135DRUGGIST AND PAINT AND OIL RE-VIEWChicago, 146DRUGGIST, WESTERNChicago, 93, 149DRUGGISTS' PRICE CURRENTChicago, 96DRUIDE, ERZ-Quincy, 293DRUIDIC RECORDQuincy, 294DRY GOODS PRICE LISTChicago, 101DRY GOODS REPORTERChicago, 106DUCH CASUChicago, 135DUD, DAILYElgin, 171DUNTON'S SPIRIT OF THE TURFChicago, 131Du PAGE COUNTY GAZETTEWheaton, 355Du PAGE COUNTY JOURNALNaperville, 257Du PAGE COUNTY OBSERVERNaperville, 257Du PAGE COUNTY PRESSNaperville, 257Du PAGE COUNTY RECORDERNaperville, 257Du PAGE COUNTY VOLKS-ZEITUNGNaperville, 258Du PAGE COUNTY ZEITUNGWheaton, 355EAGLEAshland, nBelleville, Ixx, 23Farmer City, 178Macomb, 231Monee, 245Peotone, 282Roodhouse, 306South Chicago, 319EAGLE, AMERICANSalem, 310EAGLE, HANCOCKNauvoo, 260EAGLE, UNIONMcLeansboro, 230EAGLE, WARCairo, 36Waterloo, 350EAST KNOX NEWSYates City, 360EASTERN ILLINOIS REGISTERPaxton, 275EASTERN ILLINOISANMarshall, 236EASTERN WILL UNIONBeecher, 20ECHOCarthage, 45Farina, 177ECHO AND CHRISTIAN, GOSPELQuincy, 293ECHO, GOSPELCarrolltown, 45

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 453ECHO, MCLEAN COUNTYBloomington, 29ECLECTIC ADVERTISER, AMERICANENTERPRISE ANDSpringfield, 324ECLECTIC HOMEChicago, 92ECLECTIC JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAND LITERARY REVIEWChicago, 63EDGAR COUNTY GAZETTEParis, 274EDGAR COUNTY REPORTERParis, 274EDGAR COUNTY TIMESParis, 274EDGERTON'S WEEKLY EVERGREEN,WILDChicago, 134EDITOR'S EYEChicago, 131EDUCATION, HOME AND SCHOOLBloomington, 30EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL, WESTERNChicago, 149EDUCATIONAL MAGAZINEAbingdon, iEDUCATIONAL REVIEW, AMERICANChicago, 148EDUCATIONAL WEEKLYChicago, 131, 264EDUCATOR, AMERICANLockport, 227EDUCATOR AND MAGAZINE OF LIT-ERATURE AND SCIENCE, NORTH-WESTERNChicago, 59EFFINGHAM COUNTY DEMOCRATEffingham, 169EGYPTIANCairo, 35Red Bud, 295EGYPTIAN ARTERYVienna, 344EGYPTIAN OBELISKCairo, 36EGYPTIAN PICKET GUARDChester, 51EGYPTIAN PRESSMarion, 234EGYPTIAN REPUBLICCentralia, 47EGYPTIAN REPUBLICANAlbion, 2EGYPTIAN SPYTamaroa, 332EGYPTIAN TORCHLIGHTMt. Vernon, 255ELECTROTYPE JOURNALChicago, 116ELECTROTYPERChicago, 116EMERALD, A. O. H.Springfield, 326EMERY'S JOURNAL OF AGRICULTUREChicago, 73EMERY'S JOURNAL OF AGRICULTUREAND PRAIRIE FARMERChicago, 54, 73EMIGRANT, ILLINOISShawneetown, xxviii, xxix, xxxi,3H, 3i4, n.EMIGRANTS' MAGAZINE AND HISTOR-IAN OF TIMES IN THEWESTERNWEST,Carthage, 45EMPORIUM, NATIONALMound City, 249ENGINEER AND RAILROAD JOURNAL,AMERICANChicago, 108ENGINEER, ARCHITECT AND SUR-VEYORChicago, 121ENGINEERING NEWSChicago, 121ENGINEERING NEWS AND AMERICANCONTRACT JOURNALChicago, 121ENGINEERING NEWS AND AMERICANRAILWAY JOURNALChicago, i3iENGINEERING REVIEW, RAILWAY ANDChicago, 93ENQUIRERAshley, 12Buckley, 34Danville, liii, 155Newton, 263Virginia, 347ENQUIRER, MACOUPIN COUNTYCarlinville, 41ENQUIRER, MADISON COUNTYEdwardsville, 167

454 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSENSIGNMedora, 239ENTERPRISEBarry, 17Bloomington, 31Camp Point, 38Centralia, 46Chicago, 126Chrisman, 150Clayton, 151Clifton, 151Cobden, 153Crete, 154Davis Junction 156Durand, 164Gibson City, 189Girard, 190Golconda, 191Homer, 201Jacksonville, 205Le Roy, 221Lexington, 223Lovington, 229Macomb, 231Mascoutah, 237Medora, 239Mendon, 240Meredosia, 241Millington, 243Palatine, 17, 271, 272Pana, 272Pecatonica, 276Quincy, 294Rossville, 306Sheldon, 318Springfield, IxxStewartson, 329Tallula, 332Tamoroa, 332Utica, 339Waverly, 354Woodhull, 358ENTERPRISE AND ECLECTICTISER, AMERICANSpringfield, 324ENTERPRISE AND TIMESChicago, 126ENTERPRISE, COMMERCIALChicago, 106ENTERPRISE, HERALDGolconda, 191ENTERPRISE, JOURNALWaverly, 354ENTERPRISE, LEE COUNTYFranklin Grove, 180ADVER-ENTERPRISE, PRAIRIEMinonk, 243ENTERPRISE, PULASKIMound City, 250ENTERPRISE, RAILROADER AND RAIL-WAYChicago, 143ENTERPRISE, RAILWAYChicago, 143ENTERPRISE, WESTERNChicago, 71, 144ENVOY, SEMI-WEEKLYElgin, 171ERABlandinsville, 27New Athens, 262ERA AND SOUTHERN ILLINOISAN,JACKSON COUNTYMurphysboro, 257ERA, CHRISTIANChicago, 63ERA, DEMOCRATICDecatur, 159ERA, GOLDENMcLeansboro, ci, 230, 315, n.ERA, HANCOCK NEWWarsaw, 349ERA, AND SOUTHERN ILLINOISAN,JACKSON COUNTYCarbondale, 40ERA, NATIONALDanville, ci, 156.ERA, NEW, see NEW ERAERA, REPUBLICAN-Murphysboro, 257ERZAEHLERHighland, 199ERZ-DRUIDEQuincy, 293EULENSPEEGELChicago, 116EVANGELChicago, 71EVANGELISK TlDSKRIFTChicago, 135EVANGELISTChicago, 66, 82EVANGELIST AND LITTLE PREACHERYOUTH'SChicago, 149EVANGELIST AT WORKJeffersonville, 206

EVANGELIST, WESTERNGreenville, 194Rockwell, 305EVANGELISTENGalesburg, 185EVANSTONIAN ^Evanston, 174EVENING ARGUSBloomington, 30EVENING CALLQuincy, 293EVENING GAZETTESpringfield, 326EVENING HERALD, SATURDAYChicago, 124EVENING JOURNALChicago, 57Peoria, 281Quincy, 293EVENING LAMPChicago, 96EVENING MAILChicago, 103EVENING POSTAurora, 16Chicago, xciv, 77, 84, 103, 127Marion, 234EVENING RECORDChicago, 78EVENING REPUBLICANWhite Hall, 356EVENING REVIEWPeoria, 281EVENING TELEGRAPHDixon, 161EVERGREEN, WILD EDGERTON'SWEEKLYChicago, 134EVERYBODY'S PAPERChicago, 96EVERY CHILD'S PAPERChicago, 135EVERY YOUTH'S PAPERChicago, 135EXAMINERChicago, 101Jerseyville, 207Roodhouse, 306EXAMINER, CHICAGO MEDICALChicago, 76EXAMINER, CHICAGO MEDICAL JOUR-NAL ANDChicago, 57INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 455EXAMINER, MEDICALChicago, 76EXAMINER, MEDICAL JOURNAL ANDChicago, 76EXAMINER, POLITICALRushville, Ivi, 307EXAMINER, REPUBLICAN-Jerseyville, 207EXCELSIOR MAGAZINEChicago, 116EXCELSIOR, NORTHWESTERNWaukegan, 353EXCHANGELe Roy, 221EXCHANGE, UNION STOCK YARDSChicago, 91EXPERIMENTLincoln, 224EXPONENTCasey, 46, 256Mt. Vernon, 256EXPORT JOURNAL, WESTERN TRADEANDChicago, 129EXPOSITION DAILY PRESSChicago, 139EXPOSITION PICTORIAL ADVERTISERChicago, 116EXPOSITORBatavia, 18Greenup, 193Nauvoo, Ixxxvii, Ixxxviii, Ixxxix,18, 260EXPOSITOR, Fox RIVERBatavia, 18EXPOSITOR, PRESBYTERIANChicago, 71EXPRESSAbingdon, iAurora, 15Byron, 35Chicago, ci, 54, 63, 116Kane, 209, 356Martinsville, 237McLeansboro, 229Petersburg, 283Shabbona, 313Shannon, 313Sullivan, 330Warsaw, 348EXPRESS AND COMMERCIAL REGIS-TER, DAILYChicago, 63

456 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSEXPRESS AND WESTERN PRODUCEREPORTER, WELLS' COMMERCIALChicago, 72EXPRESS, CHICAGO COMMERCIALChicago, 72EXPRESS, ROCK RIVERRockford, 298EXTEMPORARY BULLETINNoyesville, 264EYEChicago, 135EYE, EDITOR'SChicago, 131EYE, SUNDAY MORNINGBloomington, 32FACKELChicago, 130, 146FACKLANChicago, 116FACTORY AND FARMChicago, 127, 131FAEDERNESLANDETChicago, 140FAIR PLAYChicago, 135FAIR PLAY, CHAMPION OFChicago, 139FAITH'S RECORDChicago, 107FAMALJE ALTARETChicago, 146FAMILIEBLAD, ILLUSTRERETChicago, 146FAMILIENFREUNDMCHENRY, 134FAMILY AND FARM JOURNALJerseyville, 207FAMILY CIRCLEChicago, 101FAMILY CIRCLE, BRIGHT SIDE ANDChicago, 95FAMILY GAZETTE, AGRICULTURE ANDChicago, 145FAMILY GAZETTE, SHOAFF'SDecatur, 156FAMILY JOURNALChicago, 140FAMILY JOURNAL, CAPITAL RECORDSpringfield, 325FAMILY MONITOR, WESTERNMarion, 233FAMILY WEEKLY PAPER, WESTERNRURAL ANDChicago, 80FANCY GROCERChicago, 131FARM AND GARDENChicago, 135FARM, FACTORY ANDChicago, 127, 131FARM, FIELD AND FIRESIDEChicago, 140FARM, FIELD AND STOCKMANChicago, 140FARM JOURNAL, FAMILY ANDJerseyville, 207FARM, JOURNAL OF THEChicago, 90FARM JOURNAL, WESTERNChicago, 68FARM NEWS, CHICAGO DAILY DROV-ERS' JOURNAL ANDChicago, 115FARM PRESS, NATIONAL MONTHLYChicago, 140FARMERDe Soto, 161, 257FARMER, AMERICANISCHERChicago, 105FARMER, AMERIKChicago, 105FARMER AND FRUIT GROWERAnna, 10FARMER AND WEEKLY DROVERS'JOURNAL, GOODALL'SChicago, 115FARMER, DE KALB COUNTYSycamore, 332FARMER, GOODALL'SChicago, 116FARMER, GRUNDY COUNTYGardner, 187FARMER, ILLINOISSpringfield, 324FARMER, NATIONALChicago, 127FARMER, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 87FARMER, NORTHWESTERN PRAIRIEChicago, 73FARMER, PRAIRIEChicago, 73, 74Sandoval, 311

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 457FARMER, PROGRESSIVEChicago, 127McLeansboro, 230FARMER, ROCK RIVERDixon, 162FARMER, SCIENTIFICChicago, 118FARMER, SOUTHERN ILLINOISEffingham, 170FARMER, UNION AGRICULTURIST ANDWESTERN PRAIRIEChicago, 53FARMER, WESTERNChicago, 63Dixon, 162FARMER'S ADVOCATEBement, 26Dakota, 154Danville, 156Marion, 234Monticello, 247FARMER'S AND DROVERS' JOURNALCHICAGO DAILYChicago, 116FARMERS' AND MECHANICS' RE-POSITORYBelleville, 21FARMERS' CRITERIONForreston, 180FARMER'S FRIENDRussellville, 211, n.FARMERS' MONTHLYRockford, 302FARMERS' RECORD, SUCKER ANDPittsfield, 284FARMERS' REVIEWChicago, 135FARMER'S UNIONLawrenceville, 220FARMERS' VOICE AND RURAL OUT-LOOKChicago, 78FASHION COURIERChicago, 140FASHIONS, MIRROR OFChicago, 137FAYETTE COUNTY NEWSVandalia, 343FAYETTE DEMOCRATVandalia, 343FAYETTE OBSERVERVandalia, 343FAYETTE YEOMAN AND RAILROADJOURNALVandalia, 343FEEDER, AMERICAN BREEDER ANDChicago, 116FIELDChicago, 121FIELD AND FIRESIDE, FARMChicago, 140FIELD AND STOCKMAN, FARMChicago, 140FIELD AND STREAMChicago, 121FIELD, CHICAGOChicago, 121FIELD, INSURANCEChicago, 117FIELD PIECEChicago, 58, 61FIGAROChicago, 146FILLMORE BUGLEPetersburg, 283FILLMORE UNIONPeoria, 280FINANCIERChicago, 106FIRE INSURANCE GUIDE,TURERS'Chicago, 141FIRE RECORD, BABCOCKChicago, 1 20FIREMAN'S JOURNALChicago, 146FIRESIDE FRIEND, OUKChicago, 112FLAGTaylorville, 333Wheaton, 355FLAG, NATIONAL,Bloomington, 29FLAG OF OUR UNIONMarshall, 236FLAG, OLDMarion, 233, 234Pittsfield, 284FLAG, OURChicago, 112Marion, 233, 234FLAG, TRUEShipman, 33, 319MANUFAC-

458 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFLOWER, PRAIRIECarlyle, 42Shelbyville, 316FLOWER QUEENChicago, 70FOLKE-VENNENChicago, 146FOLKETS AvisChicago, 131FOLKETS ROSTChicago, 131FOLKS AT HOME, OURChicago, 103FOOD FOR THE LAMBSSpringfield, 326FORD COUNTY BLADEPaxton, 275FORD COUNTY LIBERALPaxton, 275FORD COUNTY NEWSPaxton, 275FORD COUNTY UNIONPaxton, 275FORD'S LIVINGSTON COUNTY DEM-OCRATPontiac, 288FOREST HILL, LEAVES FROMRockford, 302FORTSCHRITTS FREUNDChicago, 96FORUMRockford, 298FORUM, WINNEBAGORockford, 298FOUNDLINGS' RECORDChicago, 106Fox RIVER ADVOCATEGeneva, 188St. Charles, 308Fox RIVER ADVOCATE AND KANECOUNTY HERALD, PATRIOT,St. Charles, 308Fox RIVER COURIERElgin, 170Fox RIVER EXPOSITORBatavia, 18Fox RIVER INDEPENDENTSt. Charles, 309Fox RIVER TIMESBatavia, 18FRA MODERLANDENEChicago, 121FRANK LESLIE'S BUDGET OF FUNChicago, 86FRANK LESLIE'S CHIMNEY CORNERChicago, 86FRANK, MORNINGElgin, 172FRANKLIN COUNTY CHRONICLEBenton, 27FRANKLIN COUNTY COURIERBenton, 27FREE DEMOCRATCarlinville, 42Galesburg, Ixxv, n., 185Polo, 287Waukegan, Ixxv, n., 352FREE METHODISTAurora, 16Sycamore, 332FREE PRESSCarbondale, 40Elgin, 163, 171Galesburg, 185Lovington, 178, 229Lyndon, 229Mt. Vernon, 255, 256Nokomis, 264Pontiac, 288Rockford, Ixxv, n., 299Sandwich, 311, 313, 319, 351Somonauk, 319Streator, 329Sycamore, 332Vandalia, Ivi, 342Waterman, 351FREE PRESS AND ILLINOIS WHIGVandalia, 342FREE PRESS- GAZETTENokomis, 264FREE PRESS, ILLINOISHillsboro, 200Litchfield, 226FREE PRESS, KENDALL COUNTYOswego, 270FREE PRESS, METHODISTRockford, 301FREE PRESS, PIKE COUNTYGriggsville, 194, 284Pittsfield, Ixxvii, 284FREE PRESS, RANDOLPHKaskaskia, 213FREE PRESS, REFORMER ANDSycamore, 331FREE PRESS, REPUBLICANWoodstock, 359

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 459FREE SOIL BANNERChicago, 61FREE SOIL BANNER, TRIBUNE ANDQuincy, 292FREE TRADEROttawa, 270Pontiac, ci, 288FREE TRADER, ILLINOISOttawa, 270FREE WESTChicago, 55, 64FREEDOM AND RIGHT, JOURNAL OFChicago, 141FREEDOM, CHAMPION OFPolo, 286FREEMANChicago, 116, 140Sparta, Ixxv, n., 320, 320, n.Vandalia, 342FREEMAN, CHRISTIANChicago, 100FREEMAN, IRISHChicago, 146FREEMAN, WESTERNGalesburg, Ixxv, n., 185FREEMAN'S ADVOCATEWaukegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353FREMONTERDixon, 162FREIE KANZELSpringfield, 325FREIE PRESSEAlton, 8Belleville, 24Chicago, 1 06, 107Pekin, 277FREIE PRESSE, CHICAGOERChicago, 107FREIE PRESSE, CHICAGOER NEUEChicago, 107FREIE PRESSE, ILLINOISSpringfield, 325FREIHEITSBOTE FUR ILLINOISBelleville, Ixxv, n., 21FREIHEITSBOTE FUR ILLINOIS UNOMISSOURIBelleville, 21FREMADChicago, 92FREUND, FORTSCHRITTSChicago, 96FREUND, KATHOLISCHER JUGENDChicago, 136FRIEND AND SHOPPING GUIDE, LA-DIES'Chicago, inFRIEND, CHILD'SChicago, noFRIEND, DENSMORE'S LADY'SChicago, inFRIEND, FARMER'SRussellville, 211, n.FRIEND, LADY'SChicago, inFRIEND, OUR FIRESIDEChicago, 112FRIEND, PEOPLE'SMarion, 234FRIEND, WESTERN SOLDIERS'Chicago, 89FRIEND, YOUNG CATHOLIC'SChicago, 86FRIHED'S BANNERETChicago, 63FRIHETSVANNENGalesburg, 185FRUIT GROWERGilman, 190Onarga, 267FRUIT GROWER, FARMER ANDAnna, 10FULTON BANNERCanton, 39Lewis town, 222FULTON COUNTY LEDGERCanton, 39FULTON DEMOCRATLewistown, 222FULTON GAZETTELewistown, 222FULTON LEDGERCanton, 39FULTON PHOENIXIpava, 202FULTON PRESSIpava, 202FULTON TELEGRAPHCanton, 39FULTONIANVermont, IxxviiFURNISHING AND HAT REPORTER,WESTERN CLOTHING,Chicago, 148

460 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFURNITURE GAZETTE, AMERICANCentralia, 46Chicago, 139FURNITURE TRADEChicago, laxFURNITURE TRADE JOURNALChicago, 121FURNITURE TRADE, WESTERNChicago, 121FUTURE GREAT, THEEast St. Louis, 166FJERRAN, NAR OCHChicago, 123GALENIANGalena, 182, 183GALLATIN DEMOCRAT AND ILLINOISADVERTISERShawneetown, 314GALLATIN GAZETTEShawneetown, 315GARDEN CITY, SLOAN'SChicago, 67GARDEN, FARM ANDChicago, 135GARDEN STATELoda, 228GARLAND OF THE WESTChicago, 57GARLAND, WESTERNChicago, 69GASKELL'S MAGAZINEChicago, 132GAZETA KATOLICKAChicago, 122GAZETA POLSKA KATOLICKAChicago, 122GAZETA POLSKA w CHICAGOChicago, 116GAZETTEAshkum, nAshley, 12Beardstown, 18, 19Blandinsville, 27Brimfield, 33Bunker Hill. 34Cairo, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40Carrollton, 42, 44, 209, 305, 356Carthage, 46Waverly, 353Central City, 46 Windsor, 358Champaign, 48Chenoa, 51, 355Davis, 156Decatur, Ixx, Ixxix. 156Earlville, 164East St. Louis, 165Effingham, 169Elgin, 170, 171Elmwood, 172El Paso, 173Fairfield, 176Franklin Grove, 180Galena, Ixx, n., 65, 183Girard, 190Granville, 192Hampshire, 195Havana, 197Jonesboro, Ixxxv, Ixxxvi, 208Kankakee, Ixxvii, 210Lacon, IxxviiLanark, 305Lee, 313Lemont, 221Marion, 234Marseilles, 235Mattoon, 239Milford, 243Monmouth, 246Morris, 247Mound City, 249Mt. Morris, 252, 268, 269Mt. Sterling, 254Neponset, 261Nokomis, 263Pana, 12, 273Paris. 274Prairie City, 288Richmond, 296Riverside, 296Riverton, 296Robinson, 297Rockford, 299, 300Rock Run, 305Rockton, 305Roseville, 306Sandwich, 311Shannon, 312, 313Shawneetown, 166, 315Springfield, 326Sterling, 327Tuscola, 337Vandalia, 341Virginia, 346Waukegan, Ixxvii, 352, 353

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 461GAZETTE, ACADEMY OF MusicChicago, 80GAZETTE, AGRICULTURE AND FAMILYChicago, 145GAZETTE, ALTON COMMERCIALAlton, 6GAZETTE, AMERICAN BOTTOMEast St. Louis, 165, 202, n.GAZETTE, AMERICAN FURNITUREChicago, 139GAZETTE AND CHRONICLEDecatur, 157, 158GAZETTE AND GALENA ADVERTISER,NORTHWESTERNGalena, 183, 184GAZETTE AND JACKSONVILLEILLINOIS STATEJacksonville, xxxii, 203GAZETTE AND NEWSJacksonville, IxiiiGAZETTE AND PAPERMonmouth, 246Roseville, 306Weston, 355NEWS,GAZETTE, BANNER AND STEPHENSONRock Island, 302GAZETTE, BEARDSTOWN AND PETERS-BURGBeardstown, 18GAZETTE, BLACKBURNCarlinville, 42GAZETTE, BOTANICALChicago, 130GAZETTE, CARROLL COUNTYLanark, 218, 313, 334GAZETTE, CENTRAL ILLINOISChampaign, 47, 48GAZETTE, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYChampaign, 48GAZETTE, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYUNION ANDChampaign, 48GAZETTE, CLOTHINGChicago, 134GAZETTE, DE\YITT COUNTYClinton, 152GAZETTE, DOLLAR WEEKLYOlney, 266GAZETTE, DuPAGE COUNTYWheaton, 355GAZETTE, EDGAR COUNTYParis, 274GAZETTE, EVENINGSpringfield, 326GAZETTE, FREE PRESS-Nokomis, 264GAZETTE, FULTONLewistown, 222GAZETTE, GALLATINShawneetown, 315GAZETTE, GREENBACKChester, ci, 52GAZETTE, HARDINElizabethtown, 172GAZETTE, HENRY COUNTYCambridge, 38GAZETTE, ILLINOISLacon, 216Shawneetown, xxviii, xxxi, xxxiii,n., xxxiv, xxxv, xl, xlii, xliii, xliv,xlv, xlvi, 314, 314, n.GAZETTE, ILLINOIS CHRONICLE ANDLITERARYPales tine, 272GAZETTE, ILLINOIS STATEJacksonville, 203Shawneetown, 315GAZETTE, JOURNAL-Mattoon, 239GAZETTE, JOURNAL AND LITTLESANGAMOSpringfield, 321GAZETTE, NATIONALMattoon, 238GAZETTE-NEWSBunker Hill, 34GAZETTE, NINAWAPeru, 282GAZETTE, NORTHWESTERNGalena, 183GAZETTE, OGLE COUNTYOregon, 268GAZETTE, PEOPLE'SEast St. Louis, 165GAZETTE, RAILROADChicago, 73, 133GAZETTE, RAILROAD AGEChicago, 133GAZETTE REGISTERRockford, 299, 301

462 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGAZETTE, REPRESENTATIVE ANDBelleville, 20GAZETTE, REPUBLICAN ANDSterling, 327GAZETTE, ST. CLAIRBelleville, 20GAZETTE, SEMINARYOnarga, 267GAZETTE, SHOAFF'S FAMILYDecatur, 156GAZETTE, TEMPERANCEClinton, 152GAZETTE, UNIONBunker Hill, 34GAZETTE, UNION ANDGillespie, 189GAZETTE, WASHINGTON COUNTYAshley, 12GAZETTE, WESTERN RAILROADChicago, 72GAZETTE, YOUTHS'Chicago, 55GAZETTEER, NORTHWESTERNGalesburg, 184GAZETTEER, REGISTER AND NORTH-WESTERNPeoria, 278GEM, LITERARYLebanon, 221GEM OF THE PRAIRIEChicago, 55, 59GEM OF THE WEST AND SOLDIERS'FRIENDChicago, 89GEM, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 128GENIUSMilford, 243GENIUS OF LIBERTYLowell, Ixxv, n., 53, 55, 229GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPA-TIONHennepin, 197Lowell, Ixxv, n., 53, 55, 229GERICHTSHALLEChicago, 122GERMAN AMERICANChicago, 81GERMANIA, TAGBLATT DERQuincy, 292, 294GERRYMANDERPeoria, 278GLEANERBushnell, 35Buda, 34GLEANER, BANNER ANDCairo, 26GLEANER, CHRISTIANChillicothe, 150Rockford, 302GLEANER, NEWS-Shawneetown, 316GLOBEAurora, 16Charleston, 50, n.Lexington, 223GLOBE, COLES COUNTYCharleston, 50, n.GLOBE, ILLINOISCharleston, 50GLOBE, LAWRENCE COUNTYLawrenceville, 220GLOBE, WESTERNLawrenceville, 220GLOCKEElgin, 172GLOCKE, SONNTAGS-Peoria, 282GOLDBECK'S JOURNAL OF MusicChicago, 116GOLDEN AGENew Boston, 262GOLDEN CENSERRockford, 301, 302GOLDEN ERAMcLeansboro, ci, 230, 315, nGOLDEN HOUR, TEACHERS'Chicago, 99GOLDEN HOURSChicago, 101GOLDEN MOMENTSChicago, 112GOLDEN RULEEnfield, 173GOOD As GOLDChicago, 140GOOD NEWSChicago, 136GOOD TEMPLARAlton, 8GOOD TEMPLAR'S MESSAGEQuincy, 293GOOD TIDINGSChicago, 122

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 463GOODALL'S FARMERChicago, 116GOODALL'S FARMER AND WEEKLYDROVERS' JOURNALChicago, 115GOSPEL BANNERGeneva, 189GOSPEL ECHOCarrollton, 45GOSPEL ECHO AND CHRISTIANQuincy, 293GOSPEL PULPITChicago, 92GOSPEL TRUMPETElgin, 171GRAIN AND PROVISION REVIEWChicago, 126GRAIN CLEANERMoline, 245GRAND PRAIRIE REVIEWOnarga, 267GRANGE, OGLE COUNTYOregon, 269GRANGE, SPIRIT OF THEBloomington, 32GRANGERSt. Anne, 308GRANGER, ILLINOISMacomb, 231GRANGER, NORTHERNSt. Charles, 309GRAPHICChicago, 140GRAPHIC, AMERICANChicago, 145GRAPHIC, COMMERCIALChicago, 145GREAT SOUTH WESTChicago, 126GREAT WESTChicago, 89GREAT WESTERNBelleville, 21GREENBACK GAZETTEChester, ci, 52GREENBACK HERALDShelbyville, 318GREENBACK HERALD, NATIONALShelbyville, 318GREENBACK NEWSJoliet, 208GREENBACK POSTQuincy, ci, 294GREENBACK, UNICORNBarry, ci, 17GREENBACKER, NATIONALRochelle, ci, 298GREENBRIERMt. Carmel, 250GREENE COUNTY BANNERCarrollton, 45GREENE COUNTY DEMOCRATGreenfield, 193White Hall, 305, 356GREENE COUNTY REPUBLICANGreenfield, 193GREENFIELD LOCOMOTIVEWhite Hall, 193GREGG'S DOLLAR MONTHLY ANDOLD SETTLER'S MEMORIALHamilton, 195GROCERChicago, 122GROCER AND MERCANTILE REVIEWChicago, 122GROCER, FANCYChicago, 131GROCER'S CRITERIONChicago, 117GROCERY AND DRUG PRICE LISTChicago, noGRUNDY COUNTY FARMERGardner, 187GRUNDY COUNTY HERALDMorris, 247GUARDIANAurora, Ixxvii, Ixxix, 14Chicago, 126Mt. Vernon, 255GUIDEGirard, 190GuroE, AGENTSChicago, 113HAMILTON COUNTY HERALDMcLeansboro, 230HAMILTON EXPRESSMcLeansboro, 229HANCOCK COUNTY JOURNALNauvoo, 261HANCOCK DEMOCRATCarthage, 46Dallas, 154

464 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLa Harpe, 217, 348McLeansboro, 230Warsaw, 349HANCOCK EAGLENauvoo, 260HANCOCK NEW ERAWarsaw, 349HANDELS UNO INDUSTRIE ZEITUNGChicago, 122HANDELS-ZEITUNG, CHICAGOERChicago, 126HAPPY HOURSChicago, 107HARD CIDER PRESSChicago, 53HARDIN GAZETTEElizabethtown, 172HARDIN MINERALElizabethtown, 172HARDWARE AND IMPLEMENT TRADEChicago, 136HARDWARE AND IRON LISTChicago, 136HARDWARE JOURNAL, AMERICANHORSESHOER ANDChicago, 129HARDY AND COMPANY'S ADVERTISER,TENNEYKewanee, 214HARNESS REVIEW, NATIONALChicago, 147HARPER'S HERALDRoodhouse, 306HARPER'S WEEKLY HERALDVirginia, 347HAT REPORTER, WESTERN CLOTH-ING, FURNISHING ANDChicago, 147HAUSFREUNDChicago, 79HAUSFREUND, LANDWIRTH UNOChicago, 102HEADLIGHTCoulterville. 153Roodhouse, 305HEAVENLY TIDINGSChicago, 107HEJMDALChicago, 122HELMET, BAPTISTVandalia, 342HELPER, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 104HEM, VART NYAChicago, 119HEMLANDETGalesburg, 185HEMLANDET, DET GAMLA OCH DETNYEChicago, 74HEMLANDET, DET RATTAChicago, 74, 109, 123Galesburg, 185HENDERSON COUNTY JOURNALOquawka, 268HENDERSON PLAINDEALERBiggsville, 27HENRY COUNTY CHRONICLECambridge, 38HENRY COUNTY DIALKewanee, 214HENRY COUNTY GAZETTE .Cambridge, 38HENRY COUNTY NEWSGeneseo, 188HENRY COUNTY NEWS,NEWS LET-TER ANDGalesburg, 184HERALDAlbany, 2Arcola, nAshley, 12Auburn, 13Augusta, 13Aurora, 15Barrington Station, 17, 272Beardstown, 19Blue Island, 32, 162Braidwood, 33Canton, 39Capron, 40Carlinville, 41, 178Charleston, 49Chebanse, 50, 151Chester, 51, 52, 213Chicago, 65, 66, 70, 73, 101, 117, 124Collinsville, 153Cowden, 154Crystal Lake, 265Dana, 154Decatur, 157, 159, 160Dixon, 162D wight, 164East St. Louis, 165, 166Evanston, 174

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 465Farmer City, 178Forreston, 179Golconda, 191Grayville, 192Hennepin, 198Highland, 168Joliet, 208Kankakee, 210, 211Lacon, 216, 217La Salle, 219Lexington, 223Lincoln, 223, 225Marseilles, 235Mascoutah, 237Metamora, 241Metropolis City, 242Milford, ci, 243Morris, 247Mt. Carroll, 252New Boston, 262Niantic, 263Nunda, 265Oakland, 265Odell, 265Palatine, 271Pana, Ixxix, 272Paw Paw, 10, 275Pekin, 277Peoria, 280Peru, 192, 282Philo, 283Pontiac, 288Prairie City, 288Quincy, Ixx, 291, 292Rochelle, 154Rockton, 305Saybrook, 312Shelbyville, ci, 318Sparta, 319Tolono, 335Toulon, 336Vermont, 344Washington, 350Wilmington, 356Winchester, 357Wyoming, 360Yates City, 360HERALD-ADVOCATESalem, 310, 311HERALD AND ADVERTISERMorris, 247HERALD AND ARGUSQuincy, 291HERALD, BUREAU COUNTYPrinceton, 289. 290HERALD, CALHOUNHardin, 195HERALD, CALHOUN TIMES-Hardin, 195HERALD, CARNIVALChicago, 145HERALD, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYUrbana, 339HERALD, CHRISTIANEureka, 173Jeffersonvifie, 206HERALD, CHRONICLE ANDElmwood, 172Yates City, 360HERALD, CLARK COUNTYMarshall, 237HERALD, COLES COUNTYMattoon, 239HERALD, COLUMBUSSparta, 319HERALD, CONGREGATIONALChicago, 58HERALD, COOK COUNTYArlington Heights, nHERALD, COURTER-Urbana, 339HERALD, DAILY TIMES ANDChicago, 73HERALD, DEMOCRATICLawrenceville, 220HERALD-DESPATCH, DAILYDecatur, 159, 160HERALD, DIXON TELEGRAPH ANDLEE COUNTYDixon, 161, n.HERALD ENTERPRISEGolconda, 191HERALD, GREENBACKShelbyville, 318HERALD, HAMILTON COUNTYMcLeansboro, 230HERALD, HARPER'SRoodhouse, 306HERALD, HARPER'S WEEKLYVirginia, 347HERALD, ILLINOISKaskaskia, xxviii, xxxviii, n. 22,211Springfield, 322HERALD, ILLINOIS CHAMPION ANDPEORIAPeoria, liii, 278

466 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHERALD, ILLINOIS TEMPERANCEAlton, Ixiii, 5, 6HERALD, INSURANCEChicago, 136HERALD, IROQUOIS COUNTYMiddleport, 242Watseka, 351HERALD, JOHNSON COUNTYVienna, 344HERALD, LAKE COUNTYWaukegan, 352HERALD, MACOUPIN COUNTYCarlinville, 42HERALD, MARION COUNTYSalem, 310, 311HERALD, MASON COUNTYHavana, 196HERALD, MISSOURI AND ILLINOISTEMPERANCEAlton, Ixii, 5HERALD, MONTGOMERY COUNTYHillsboro, 200HERALD, MORNINGChicago, 144, 146HERALD, NATIONAL GREENBACKShelbyville, 318HERALD, NEWS-Lincoln, 223HERALD, NORMALPark Ridge, 274HERALD, ODD FELLOWSBloomington, 31Springfield, 326HERALD OF HEALTHBloomington, 32HERALD OF PEACEChicago, 89HERALD OF THE COMING KINGDOMAND CHRISTIAN INSTRUCTORChicago, 89, 109HERALD OF THE PRAIRIESChicago, 58HERALD OF TRUTHCarbondale, 40Chicago, 8 1HERALD, PATRIOT, Fox RIVER AD-VOCATE AND KANE COUNTYSt. Charles, 308HERALD, PiATT COUNTYMonticello, 247HERALD, POST-Wyoming, 360HERALD, PRAIRIEChicago, 58HERALD, RECORD-Chicago, 66, 127, 128HERALD, SATURDAYDecatur, 159HERALD, SATURDAY EVENINGChicago, 124HERALD, SHAWNEEShawneetown, 316HERALD, STAR ANDD wight, 164HERALD, SUNDAYBloomington, 32Chicago, 72East St. Louis, 165Rockford, 302HERALD, TIMES-Chicago, 66, 127HERALD, TIMES ANDChicago, 65HERALD TRANSCRIPTPeoria, 280HERALD, TRUE LATTER DAY SAINTS'Piano, 285HERALD, TWIN CITY NEWS-Peru, 282HERALD, UNION COUNTYAnna, 10Jonesboro, 209HERALD, WASHINGTON COUNTYNashville, 259HERALD, WESTERNChicago, 58, 60HERALD, WHITESIDEMorrison, 248HERALD, YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIANASSOCIATIONSpringfield, 326HERO, YOUNGChicago, 109HICKORY BOYUrbana, 338HIGGINS MUSICAL REVIEWChicago, 87HIGHLAND BOTE UNO SCHUETZEN-ZEITUNGHighland, 199HIGHWAY PAPERSChicago, 132HOME, AMERICANChicago, 119, 134

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 467HOME AND ADVERTISER, PRAIRIESandwich, 311HOME AND SCHOOL EDUCATIONBloomington, 30HOME AND SCHOOL JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 75HOME BANNERAugusta, 13HOME, CHICAGO WESTERNChicago, 95HOME, CHURCH ANDShelbyville, 318HOME CIRCLEChicago, 82HOME CIRCLE AND TEMPERANCEORACLEChicago, 82HOME ECLECTICChicago, 92HOME GUARDBuda, 34HOME JOURNALChicago, 101Gridley, 194Lacon, 150, 216, 218Minonk, 243Rutland, 308Secor, 313HOME JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 69HOME LANDChicago, 75HOME MAGAZINE, AMERICANChicago, 114HOME MONTHLY, MOORE'SArcola, nHOME NEWSLaHarpe, 217HOME PAPERSChicago, 86HOME READING, CHICAGO MAGA-ZINE OF FASHION, Music, ANDChicago, 1 02HOME VISITORChicago, 75HOME, WESTERNChicago, 95HOMEOPATHChicago, 67HOMEOPATH, AMERICANChicago, 139HOMEOPATHIC RECORDChicago, 141HOMEOPATHIST, AMERICANChicago, 139HOMEOPATH JOURNALChicago, 96HOMESTEAD ADVOCATE, REVEILLEANDChester, 51HOMESTEAD, CENTRALPana, 273HOMOEOPATHIA, NORTHWESTERNJOURNAL orChicago, 63HORNER'S CHICAGO AND WESTERNGUIDEChicago, 67HORNETMarshall, 236Rockford, 302HORSE-SHOER AND HARDWAREJOURNAL, AMERICANChicago, 129HOSPITAL BAZAARChicago, 122HOTEL REGISTER, DAILY RECORDANDChicago, 78HOTEL REGISTER,Chicago, 79HOTEL REPORTER, DAILYChicago, 112HOTEL REPORTER, NATIONALChicago, 112HOTEL WORLDChicago, 126HOURS OF RECREATIONChicago, 146HUMANE JOURNALChicago, noHUSTLERBlandinsville, 27HYDE PARK DAILY SUNChicago, 98HYRDESTEMMENChicago, 103, 122 4ICARIAN REVIEWNauvoo, 261ICARIENNE, COLONIENauvoo. 261IDEA, SUBURBANEvanston, 174MUSEUM AND

470 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLacon, 217Paris, 273, 274ILLINOIS SWEDEChicago, 108Galesburg, 187ILLINOIS SYNOPTICAL REPORTERSpringfield, 326ILLINOIS TEACHERBloomington, 29, 30Chicago, 104Peoria, 280ILLINOIS TEMPERANCE HERALDAlton, Ixii, 5ILLINOIS TEMPERANCE HERALD. MIS-SOURI ANDAlton, IxiiILLINOIS TIMES,CENTRALShelbyville, 317ILLINOIS TRADE REVIEWBloomington, 31ILLINOIS TRADESMAN AND MANU-FACTURERPekin, 282ILLINOIS TRIBUNEGrand Detour, 191ILLINOIS UNIONIST AND STATESMANSpringfield, 323ILLINOIS VALLEY REGISTERWinchester, 357ILLINOIS VOLKSBLATTDecatur, 158Nashville, 260ILLINOIS VOLKSFREUNDLincoln, 224ILLINOIS VOLKS-ZEITUNGChicago, 102ILLINOIS WASHINGTONIANAlton, 5Springfield, 323ILLINOIS WEEKLY MESSAGEMt. Sterling, 254ILLINOIS WEEKLY PALLADIUMElgin, 170ILLINOIS WHIG, FREE PRESS ANDVandalia, 342ILLINOIS WOCHENBLATT, CENTRALOttawa, 271ILLINOISANBeardstown, 19Jacksonville, Ixxii, 203Marshall, 46Wheaton, 337ILLINOISAN, CENTRALBeardstown, 19, 20ILLINOISAN-DEMOCRATBeardstown, 19, 20ILLINOISAN, EASTERNMarshall, 236ILLINOISAN, JACKSONAND SOUTHERNCOUNTY ERACarbondale, 40Murphysboro, 257ILLINOISAN, SOUTHERNShawneetown, Ixxix, 315ILLINOISAN-STARBeardstown, 19ILLUSTRATED BAPTISTMoweaqua, 256Shelbyville, 318ILLUSTRATED BIBLE STUDIESChicago, 122ILLUSTRATED BOOT AND SHOEISTChicago, 136ILLUSTRATED CHAMPIONChicago, 146ILLUSTRATED CHICAGO NEWSChicago, 92ILLUSTRATED DEMOCRAT, POMEROY'SChicago, 132ILLUSTRATED JOURNALChicago, 103, 104ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF AGRI-CULTUREChicago, 117ILLUSTRATED MECHANICAL JOURNAL,NORTHWESTERNChicago, 147ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY, ANDREW'SRockford, 301ILLUSTRATED NEWS, CHICAGOChicago, 127, 146ILLUSTRATED NEWS, CHICAGO MER-CHANTS' WEEKLY CIRCULAR ANDChicago, 78ILLUSTRATED NEWS, MERCHANTSMONTHLY CIRCULAR ANDChicago, 78ILLUSTRATED PRESSChicago, 103, 104ILLUSTRATED REVIEWChicago, 124ILLUSTRATED REVIEW, ILLINOISChicago, 124

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS47iILLUSTRATED TEMPERANCE TALESChicago, 146ILLUSTRERET FAMILIEBLADChicago, 146IMPLEMENT TRADE, HARDWARE ANDChicago, 136IN DOOR AND OurChicago, 127INDEPENDENCE,KANSKEChicago, 137INDEPENDENTAlbion, 2, 192Assumption, 12Aurora, 16Belleville, 24, 262Belvidere, 25Bement, 26Centralia, 47Chandlerville, 49Chebanse, 50Chicago, 96, 136Chillicothe, 150Colchester, 153, 231Danvers, 155Danville, 155Delavan, 160, 243Erie, ci, 173Fairbury, 175Gardner, 187Grafton, ci, 191Grayville, 2, 192Greenfield, 192GriggsviUe, 195Harvard, 196Ipava, 202, 360Jacksonville, 205Kewanee, 215Kinmundy, 215LaSalle, 219Lena, 221Litchfield, 226Loda, 228Macomb, 231Marion, 234Marysville, 237Mason City, 238Minier, 243Moline, 244, 304Monticello, 247Morris, 248Mt. Morris, 253Murphysboro, 257Nauvoo, 261Newman,'. 262Odell,26sOregon, 269Pecatonica, 276Pekin, 277Pinckneyville, 164, 284Princeville, 290Rochelle, 297Roodhouse, 305St. Charles, 309Salem, 310Sparta, 320Springfield, 324Taylprville, 334Tiskilwa, 335Versailles, 344Warren, 348Washington, 350Wilmington, 356Winchester, 357, 358INDEPENDENT AND DEMOCRATICNORSK-AMERI-RE-VIEW, McDONOUGHMacomb, 231INDEPENDENT AND REVIEW, NEWCHURCHChicago, 67INDEPENDENT-BLADEFairbury, 175INDEPENDENT, CASS COUNTYPekin, 277Virginia, 345INDEPENDENT DEMOCRATOregon, 269Waterloo, 350Waukegan, 352, 353INDEPENDENT, Fox RIVERSt. Charles, 309INDEPENDENT, ILLINOISBeardstown, 20INDEPENDENT, JERSEYJerseyville, 191, 207INDEPENDENT, MCDONOUGHMacomb, 231INDEPENDENT, MUSICALChicago, 92INDEPENDENT, PIATTMonticello, 247INDEPENDENT PRESSFairfield, 175Griggsville, 195Taylorville, 333INDEPENDENT, SHELBY COUNTYShelbyville, 317INDEPENDENT STATESMANTuscola, 337

472 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSINDEPENDENT, TAZEWELLWashington, 350INDEPENDENT TRADE REGISTERChicago, 107INDEPENDENT WATCHMANMt. Morris, 252INDEXApple River, 10Belvidere, 25Chicago, 127Evanston, 174Lovington, 178, 229Minonk, 243Richmond, 296Wenona, 153, 354Westfield, 354INDEX, MENARDPetersburg, 283INDEX, MONITORStreator, 329INDEX, NEWSWenona, 354INDEX, REAL ESTATEFarmer City, 177INDEX UNIVERSITATESChicago, 79INDICATORChicago, 141INDUSTRIALCcntralia, 47Salem, 310, 311INDUSTRIAL ADVOCATESalem, 310, 311INDUSTRIALADVOCATE AND NEWSGeneseo, 188INDUSTRIAL AGEChicago, 117, 118INDUSTRIAL BANNERYates City, ci, 360INDUSTRIAL JOURNALElmwood, 172INDUSTRIAL PRESSGalena, 184INDUSTRIAL TIMESRockford, 302INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNEMurphysboro, 257INDUSTRIAL WORLD AND COMMER-CIAL ADVERTISERChicago, 115INDUSTRIAL WORLD AND IRONWORKERChicago, 115INDUSTRIE ZEITUNG, HANDELS UNOChicago, 122INDUSTRY, YOUNGChicago, 113INFORMERElgin, 171, 172INQUIRERBuckley, 267INSIDE TRACKChicago, 90INSTRUCTOR AND WESTERN UNITEDPRESBYTERIAN, CHRISTIANChicago, 75INSTRUCTOR, CHRISTIANChicago, 75Jeffersonville, 206McLeansboro, 230INSURANCE AND RAILWAY REGISTERChicago, 77INSURANCE CHRONICLE, .BANKINGANDChicago, 86INSURANCE CRITICChicago, 123INSURANCE FIELDChicago, 117INSURANCE GUIDE, MANUFACTURERS'FIREChicago, 141INSURANCE HERALDChicago, 136INSURANCE JOURNAL, PHILLIPS'NORTHWESTERN MONEY RE-PORTER ANDChicago, 75INSURANCE MONITOR, REAL ESTATENEWS LETTER ANDChicago, 71INSURANCE PRESSChicago, 127INTELLECT, OUR BOYS'Wenona, 354INTELLIGENCERBloomington, 28Edwardsville, 168Lacon, 217Lincoln, 224Marion, 233Mt. Carroll, 251Shawneetown, 315Vandalia, 166

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 473INTELLIGENCER, ILLINOISKaskaskia, xxviii, xxix, 212Vandalia, xxix, xliv, xlvi, xlvii,xlviii, 340INTELLIGENCER, NORTHWESTERNGalesburg, 184INTELLIGENCER, TAILOR'SChicago, 109INTELLIGENCER, VANDALIAVandalia, 340INTELLIGENCER, VANDALIA WHIGAND ILLINOISVandalia, 341INTELLIGENCER, WESTERNKaskaskia, xxviii, 212INTER OCEANChicago, xciv, c, 85, noINTERIORChicago, 102INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT JOURNAL,WESTERN VOICE ANDShawneetown, 315INTERNATIONAL LESSONChicago, 132INVENTOR, MECHANIC ANDChicago, 90INVESTIGATORChicago, 117Middleport, 242Washington, 349INVESTIGATOR, MEDICALChicago, 76, 85INVESTIGATOR, REFORMMorrison, 248INVESTIGATOR, UNITED STATESMEDICALChicago, 76, 85INVESTIGATOR, WHITESIDEFulton, 181I. O. M. A. REPORTER, A. O. U. W.ANDLincoln, 225IRISH FREEMANChicago, 146IRISH LEADER AND PILOTChicago, 1 20IRISH REPUBLICChicago, 90IRISH SENTINELChicago, 96IRISH TRIBUNEChicago, 132IRISHMAN, UNITEDOttawa, 271IRON AND STEELChicago, 79IRON LIST,HARDWARE ANDChicago, 136IRON TRADE REVIEWChicago, 115IRON WORKER, INDUSTRIAL WORLDANDChicago, 115IROQUOIS COUNTY HERALDMiddleport, 242Watseka, 351IROQUOIS COUNTY PRESSMiddleport, 242IROQUOIS COUNTY TIMESWatseka, 267, 352IROQUOIS COUNTY TIMES-DEMO-CRATWatseka, 352IROQUOIS JOURNALMiddleport, 242IROQUOIS REPUBLICANMiddleport, 242Watseka, 351IROQUOIS TIMESWatseka, 267, 351ISLANDER AND ARGUSRock Island, 303ISRAELITISCHE PRESSEChicago, 147ITEMGrand Tower, 191Sparta, 321Tomaroa, 332ITEM, CITYCairo, 37ITALIANA DELL' QUEST,GIEREChicago, 91IL MESSAG-ITALIANA, L'UNIONEChicago, 91JACKSON COUNTY ERA AND SOUTH-ERN ILLINOISANCarbondale, 40Murphysboro, 257JACKSON DEMOCRATMurphysboro, 256JACKSON STANDARDJacksonville, 205

474 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJACKSONIANNashville, 259JACKSONIAN DEMOCRATLouisville, 228JAGD ZEITUNG, WESTLICHE SCHUTZEUNOChicago, 144JASPER COUNTY CLIPPERNewton, 263JASPER COUNTY DEMOCRATNewton, 263JASPER COUNTY TIMESNewton, 263JEFFERSON SUNChicago, 98JEFFERSONIANGalena, Ixxix, 183Mt. Vernon, 254Virginia, 347JERSEY COUNTY DEMOCRATJerseyville, 206JERSEY INDEPENDENTJerseyville, 191, 207JEWELERS' JOURNALChicago, 147JEWISH ADVANCEChicago, 141JOHNSON COUNTY JOURNALNew Burnside, 262Vienna, 170, 344JOHNSON COUNTY HERALDVienna, 344JOHNSON COUNTY YEOMANVienna, 344JOKINELLO, RAPALEE'SOregon, 269JOLLY JOKERChicago, 86JOURNALAbingdon, iAlbion, 2Alexis, 3Altona, 9Amboy, 9, 275Belleville, 24Bellflower, 25Benson, 26Bloomington, 29, 32Braidwood, 33Bunker Hill, 34Cairo, 36Camp Point, 38Champaign, 49Chicago, Ixxvii, xciv, 54, 57, 136Clayton. 151Cornell ville, 153Eldorado, 170El Paso, 173, 194, 228, 243, 262,38, 313Enfield, 173Eureka, 174Fairbury, 175Farmer City, 178, 232Farmington, 179Forreston, 35, 179Freeport, 180Fulton, 182, 229, 334Galena, 183Galesburg, 187Gardner, 187Geneseo, 188Gilman, 189Grayville, 192Greenville, 194Havana, 197Hennepin, 197Hillsboro, 199, 200Homer, 201, 283, 335Hutsonville, 202Jacksonville, 204, 207Kansas, 211Knoxville, Ixxix, 216Lacon, 216La Salle, 219Lebanon, 221Lincoln, 224Litchfield, 226Long Point, 228Lostant, 228Macomb, 231Mansfield, 232Marengo, 233Marshall, 236Mason City, 238Mattoon, 239Minonk, 243Mound City, 249Nashville, 259New Rutland, 262Nilwood, 263Norris City, 264Olney, 266Oneida, 267Peoria, 281Quincy, Ixx, Ixxvii, 292, 293Rantoul, 294Rockford, 301Roodhouse, 306Rushville, 307Sheldon, 318

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 475Sparta, Ixxv, n., Ixxvii, 320Stone Fort, 329Taylorville, 272, 333. 334Thomson, 334Tuscola, 337Varna, 344Vienna, 264JOURNAL, ALUMNIBloomington, 30JOURNAL, AMATEUR'SChicago, 145JOURNAL, AMERICAN ANTIQUARIANAND ORIENTALChicago, 138JOURNAL, AMERICAN BEEChicago, 77JOURNAL, AMERICAN CHESSChicago, 138JOURNAL, AMERICAN ENGINEER ANDRAILROADChicago, 108JOURNAL, AMERICAN HORSE-SHOERAND HARDWAREChicago, 129JOURNAL, AMERICAN POULTRYChicago, 129, 179JOURNAL, AMERICAN TRADEChicago, 125JOURNAL AND ADVERTISERKnoxville, 216JOURNAL AND AGITATOR, ARTChicago, 95JOURNAL, AND EXAMINER, CHICAGOMEDICALChicago, 57JOURNAL AND EXAMINER, MEDICALChicago, 76JOURNAL AND FARM NEWS, CHICAGODAILY DROVERS'Chicago, 115JOURNAL AND LITTLE SANGAMO GA-ZETTESpringfield, 321JOURNAL AND MILITARY TRACT AD-VERTISERRushville, 306JOURNAL AND WEEKLY BULLETIN,REAL ESTATEChicago, 143JOURNAL AND WEEKLY PRICE CUR-RENT, MERCANTILEChicago, 1 08JOURNAL, ARGUS-Cairo, 37Mound City, 249JOURNAL, ARTChicago, 89JOURNAL, CAPITAL RECORD ANDFAMILYSpringfield, 325JOURNAL, CASS COUNTYChandlerville, 49JOURNAL, CATHOLICChicago, 76JOURNAL, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYUrbana, 48, 338JOURNAL, CHICAGO DAILY DROVERS'Chicago, 115JOURNAL, CHICAGO DAILY FARMERS'AND DROVERS'Chicago, 116JOURNAL, CHICAGO MEDICALChicago, 56JOURNAL, COMMERCIALWarsaw, 45, 217, 348JOURNAL DE L'ILLINOISChicago, 71Kankakee, 210JOURNAL, DEMOCRAT-Eureka, 174JOURNAL, DREW'S COLLEGEChicago, 131JOURNAL, DROVERS'Chicago, 115JOURNAL, Du PAGE COUNTYNaperville, 257JOURNAL, ELECTROTYPEChicago, 116JOURNAL, ENGINEERING NEWS ANDAMERICAN CONTRACTChicago, 121JOURNAL, ENGINEERING NEWS ANDAMERICAN RAILWAYChicago, 121JOURNAL-ENTERPRISEWaverly, 354JOURNAL, FAMILYChicago, 140JOURNAL, FAMILY AND FARMJerseyville, 207

476 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJOURNAL, FAYETTE YEOMAN ANDRAILROADVandalia, 343JOURNAL, FIREMAN'SChicago, 146JOURNAL, FURNITURE TRADEChicago, 121JOURNAL- GAZETTEMattoon, 239JOURNAL, GOODALL'S FARMER ANDWEEKLY DROVERS'Chicago, 115JOURNAL, HANCOCK COUNTYNauvoo, 261JOURNAL, HENDERSON COUNTYOquawka, 268JOURNAL, HOME, see HOME JOURNALJOURNAL, HOMEOPATHChicago, 96JOURNAL, HUMANEChicago, noJOURNAL, INDUSTRIALElmwood, 172JOURNAL, ILLINOISSpringfield, 321JOURNAL, ILLINOIS ADVOCATE ANDLEBANONLebanon, 220JOURNAL, ILLINOIS AND INDIANAMEDICAL AND SURGICALChicago, 56JOURNAL, ILLINOIS MEDICAL ANDSURGICALChicago, 56JOURNAL, ILLINOIS STATESpringfield, 321JOURNAL, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 103, 104JOURNAL, IROQUOISMiddleport, 242JOURNAL, JEWELERS'Chicago, 147JOURNAL, JOHNSON COUNTYNew Brunside, 262Vienna, 170, 344JOURNAL, KANE COUNTYElgin, 170JOURNAL, LAWChicago, 136JOURNAL, LAWRENCE COUNTYLawrenceville, 220JOURNAL, LEE COUNTYAmboy, 9JOURNAL, LIVE STOCKQuincy, 293JOURNAL, LOGAN COUNTYLincoln, 225JOURNAL, MASSACMetropolis City, 241JOURNAL, MCLEAN COUNTYBloomington, 29JOURNAL, MEDICALChicago, 76JOURNAL, MILITARY TRACTMacomb, 231JOURNAL, MINER'SGalena, liii,182JOURNAL, MININGDu Quoin, 163JOURNAL, MORGANJacksonville, Ixxvii, 204JOURNAL, MORGAN COUNTYWaverly, 354JOURNAL, MOTHER'SChicago, 108JOURNAL, NATIONAL LAUNDRYChicago, 141JOURNAL, NATIONAL LIVE STOCKChicago, 103JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERN HOMEChicago, 69JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERN HOMEAND SCHOOLChicago, 75JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERN ILLUS-TRATED MECHANICALChicago, 147JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERN MEDICALAND SURGICALChicago, 56JOURNAL, PEOPLE'S DENTALChicago, 80JOURNAL, PIKE COUNTYPittsfield, 284JOURNAL, PHILLIPS' NORTHWESTERNREPORTER AND INSUR-MONEYANCEChicago, 75JOURNAL, PUBLIC SCHOOLBloomington, 30JOURNAL, RAILROAD AND MERCHANTS'Chicago, 98

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 477JOURNAL, RANDOLPH COUNTYSparta, 320JOURNAL, REAL ESTATEBloomington, 31Gilman, 190JOURNAL, REAL ESTATE AND BUILD-INGChicago, 93JOURNAL, RELIGIO-PHILOSOPHICALChicago, 84JOURNAL-REPUBLICAN, MASSACMetropolis City, 241JOURNAL, ROLLING MILLChicago, 128JOURNAL, RURAL WEST AND WEEKLYQuincy, 292JOURNAL, SANGAMOSpringfield, Ixxxvii, n., 321, 333JOURNAL, SEWING MACHINEChicago, 125JOURNAL OF AGRICULTUREChicago, 54JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, EMERY'SChicago, 73JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, ILLUS-TRATEDChicago, 117JOURNAL OF ART, AMERICAN BUILDERANDChicago, 91JOURNAL OF COMMERCEChicago, 79JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, AMERICANChicago, 91JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND LITER-ARY REVIEW, ECLECTICChicago, 63JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, WESTERNChicago, 119JOURNAL OF FASHIONS, LADIES'Chicago, 147JOURNAL OF FREEDOM AND RIGHTChicago, 141JOURNAL OF HEALTH, PEOPLES'Chicago, 8 1JOURNAL OF HOMOJOPATHIA, NORTH-WESTERNChicago, 63JOURNAL OF MATERIA MEDICA,AMERICANChicago, 77JOURNAL OF Music, GOLDBECK'SChicago, 116JOURNAL OF Music, WESTERNChicago, 71JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTALDISEASES, CHICAGO'Chicago, 123JOURNAL OF SCIENCEChicago, 136JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN BU-REAU OF MINESChicago, 117JOURNAL OF THE BARLEY, HOP,AND MALT TRADES, WESTERNBREWER ANDChicago, 133JOURNAL OF THE FARMChicago, 90JOURNAL, SMAX MONEY MAKER'SChicago, 104JOURNAL, SOCIAL SCIENCEChicago, 137JOURNAL, SOUTHERN ILLINOISFlora, 179Odin, 265JOURNAL, STUDENTS'Bloomington, 31JOURNAL, UNITED STATES MEDICALAND SURGICALChicago, 76, 85JOURNAL, WATER CUREGalesburg, 186JOURNAL, WEEKLY ARGUS ANDMOUND CITYMound City, 37JOURNAL, WESTERN AGRICULTURISTAND LIVE STOCKChicago, 94Quincy, 293JOURNAL, WESTERN EDUCATIONALChicago, 149JOURNAL, WESTERN FARMChicago, 68JOURNAL, WESTERN SCIENTIFICPeoria, 281JOURNAL, WESTERN TRADEChicago, 129JOURNAL, WESTERN TRADE ANDEXPORTChicago, 129

478 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJOURNAL, WESTERN VOICE AND IN-TERNAL IMPROVEMENTShawneetown, 315JOURNAL, WOODFORDEureka, 174JOURNAL, X. Y. L. N. T.Chicago, 144JUBILEE, DAILYChicago, 117JUGEND FREUND, KATHOLISCHERChicago, 136JULIET COURIERJoliet, 207JUNCTION BEACONPeru, 282JURIST, MONTHLYBloomington, 31JURIST, WEEKLYBloomington, 31JURIST, WESTERNBloomington, 31JUSTITIAChicago, 107JUXBRUDERChicago, 90KANE COUNTY ADVERTISERGeneva, 189KANE COUNTY DEMOCRATSt. Charles, 309KANE COUNTY HERALD, PATRIOT,Fox RIVER ADVOCATE ANDSt. Charles, 308KANE COUNTY JOURNALElgin, 170KANE COUNTY REPUBLICANGeneva, 189, 309KANKAKEE COUNTY DEMOCRATKankakee, 210KANZEL, FREIESpringfield, 325KATHOLISCHES WOCHENBLATTChicago, 76KATOLICKA, GAZETAChicago, 122KATOLICKA, GAZETA POLSKAChicago, 122KATHOLISCHER JUGEND FREUNDChicago, 136KEITHSBURG OBSERVER, OQUAWKASPECTATOR ANDOquawka, 268KENDALL CLARIONBristol, 33KENDALL COUNTY COURIEROswego, 270KENDALL COUNTY FREE PRESSOswego, 270KENDALL COUNTY NEWSNewark, 262Piano, 243, 286KENDALL COUNTY RECORDYorkville, 285, 361KERANAKeithsburg, 214KERANA, WEST ENDKeithsburg, 214KlRCHENFREUND, LuTHERISCHEChicago, 97KNEEP ZANGEChicago, inKNOX COUNTY DEMOCRATAbingdon, iKNOX COUNTY OBSERVERGalesburg, 185KNOX COUNTY REVIEWKnoxville, 216KNOX REPUBLICANKnoxville, 216KNOX STUDENTGalesburg, 186KNOXIANAGalesburg, 184KNOXONIANAbingdon, iKOCH UNO BAECKER ZEITUNG, CON-DITORChicago, 139KRISTELIGE TALSMANDChicago, 103LABOR OF LOVESpringfield, 325LADIES' FRIEND AND SHOPPINGGUIDEChicago, noLADIES' JOURNAL OF FASHIONSChicago, 147LADIES' OWN MAGAZINEChicago, 96LADIES' PEARLAlton, 7LADIES' REPOSITORYChicago, 86

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 479LADY ELGINElgin, 171LADY'S FRIENDChicago, inLADY'S FRIEND, DENSMORE'SChicago, inLADY'S WESTERN MAGAZINEChicago, 62LA HARPERLa Harpe, 217LAKE BREEZEEvanston, 174LAKE COUNTY CHRONICLEWaukegan, Ixxv, n., 352, 353LAKE COUNTY CITIZENWaukegan, 353LAKE COUNTY HERALDWaukegan, 352LAKE COUNTY DEMOCRATWaukegan, 353LAKE COUNTY PATRIOTWaukegan, 353LAKE COUNTY REPUBLICANWaukegan, 353LAKE COUNTY TIDINGSWaukegan, 353LAKE COUNTY VISITERLittle Fort, Ixxv, n., 227Waukegan, 352LAKE DAILY SUNChicago, 98LAKE SUNChicago, 98LAKE VIEW SUNChicago, 98LAKESIDE LIBRARYChicago, 127LAKESIDE MONTHLYChicago, 99LAKESIDE WATCHChicago, 147L'AMERIQUEChicago, 100LAMP, EVENINGChicago, 96LAMP, WORKERS'Chicago, 119LANCETBlandinsville, 27LAND OWNERChicago, 97LAND REGISTER, ILLINOIS BOUNTYQuincy, liii, 290LANDLORD AND TENANTChicago, 127LANDWIRTH UNO HAUSFREUNDChicago, 102LA SALLE COUNTY PRESSLa Salle, 219LA SALLE COUNTY SENTINELPeru, 282LATERNEChicago, 97LATTER DAY SAINTS' HERALD, TRUEPiano, 285LAUNDRY JOURNAL, NATIONALChicago, 141LAW BULLETIN, DAILYChicago, inLAW JOURNALChicago, 136LAW MANUALChicago, 97LAW MANUAL, AMERICANChicago, 8 1LAW RECORD, DAILYChicago, 92LAWRENCE COUNTY COURIERLawrenceville, 220LAWRENCE COUNTY DEMOCRATLawrenceville, 220LAWRENCE COUNTY GLOBELawrenceville, 220LAWRENCE COUNTY JOURNALLawrenceville, 220LAWRENCE COUNTY PRESSSumner, 331LEADERAbingdon, iBloomington, 29Cairo, 37Canton, 40Chicago, 72Chrisman, 150Elgin, 172, 309Kyte River, 216La Harpe, 217Lane, 218Lincoln, 225Marion, 234Monmouth, 246St. Charles, 309Warren, 348Waterman, 351

480 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLEADER AND PILOT, IRISHChicago, 1 20LEADER AND REVIEWOnarga, 267LEADER, LOCALLexington, ci, 223LEADER, SENTINEL-Warren, 348LEADER, SHELBY COUNTYShelbyville, 316, 317LEADER, TEMPERANCEMt. Carmel, 251LEADER, WESTERNSpringfield, 324LEAFChicago, 137LEAGUE, CITIZENS'Chicago, 139LEATHER REVIEW, WESTERN SHOEANDChicago, 138LEAVES FROM FOREST HILLRockford. 302LEBANON JOURNAL, ILLINOIS ADVO-CATE ANDLebanon, 218LEDGERChicago, 71, 107, inHavana, 197Louisville, 228Macomb, 231Oakland, 265Olney, 266Quincy, 294LEDGER, COLES COUNTYCharleston, 50LEDGER DEMOCRATLouisville, 228LEDGER, FULTONCanton, 39LEDGER, ILLINOIS PUBLICCanton, 39Lewistown, 222LEE COUNTY DEMOCRATDixon, 162LEE COUNTY ENTERPRISEFranklin Grove, 180LEE COUNTY HERALD, DIXON TELE-GRAPH ANDDixon, 161, n.LEE COUNTY JOURNALAmboy, 9LEE COUNTY TIMESAmboy. 9Paw Paw, 153, 221, 275LEEDLE VANDERERChicago, 102LEGAL ADVISERChicago, 77LEGAL DIRECTORYSpringfield, 325LEGAL DIRECTORY, ILLINOISSpringfield, 325LEGAL NEWSChicago, 97LEGAL TENDERPekin, ci, 277LEISURE MOMENTSOquawka, 268LENSChicago, 112LESLIE'S BUDGET OF FUN, FRANKChicago, 86LETTER Box, MONTHLYFlora, 179LETTER, COMMERCIALChicago, 69, 75LIBERALChicago, 90Fulton, 182Galesburg, 185Litchfield, 226LIBERAL DEMOCRATChampaign, 48Collinsville, 153LIBERAL, FORD COUNTYPaxton, 275LIBERAL REFORMERMorris, 247LIBERATOROrion, 270LIBERTY BANNERRock Island, 303LIBERTY TREEChicago, 58LIBERTY'S SENTINELJacksonville, 203LIBRARIAN, CHICAGOChicago, 112LIFE BOATChicago, 97LIFE BOAT, SUCKERAlton, 7

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 481LIFE, CITYAurora, 15LIFE IN DIXONDixon, 162LIFE, WORDS OFChicago, 134LIGHT, WESTERNMacomb, 231LINCOLN CLARIONSpringfield, 325LIQUOR TRADE REVIEWChicago, 123LIST, BANK-NOTEChicago, 68LIST, CHICAGO GROCERY AND DRUGPRICEChicago, noLIST, HARDWARE AND IRONChicago, 136LITERARY AND MUSICAL REVIEWChicago, 147LITERARY BUDGETChicago, 64LITERARY GAZETTE, ILLINOIS CHRON-ICLE ANDPalestine, 272LITERARY GEMLebanon, 221LITERARY, LAKESIDEChicago, 127LITERARY MESSENGERChicago, 82LITERARY RECORDChicago, 147LITERARY REVIEWChicago, 147LITERARY REVIEW, ECLECTIC JOUR-NAL OF EDUCATION ANDChicago, 63LITERARY VARIETIESChicago, 117LITERARY YOUTHChicago, 112LITTLE BOUQUETChicago, 117LITTLE CORPORALChicago, 83LITTLE CORPORAL'S SCHOOL FES-TIVALChicago, 102LITTLE FOLKSChicago, 97LITTLE FORT PORCUPINE AND DEM-OCRATIC BANNERLittle Fort, 227Waukegan, 352LITTLE MENChicago, 107, 109LITTLE PREACHER, YOUTH'S EVAN-GELIST ANDChicago, 149LITTLE SANGAMO GAZETTE, JOURNALANDSpringfield, 321LITTLE WATCHMANBloomington, 31Chicago, 102LIVE STOCK AND PRODUCE RE-PORTERChicago, 123LIVE STOCK JOURNALQuincy, 293LIVE STOCK JOURNAL, NATIONALChicago, 103LIVE STOCK JOURNAL, WESTERNAGRICULTURIST ANDChicago, 94Quincy, 293LIVE STOCK REPORTERChicago, 123LIVING CHURCHChicago, 141LIVINGSTON COUNTY BLADEFairbury, 175LIVINGSTON COUNTY DEMOCRATPontiac, 288LIVINGSTON COUNTY DEMOCRAT,FORD'SPontiac, 288LIVINGSTON COUNTY NEWSPontiac, 287L'OBSERVATEUR DE CHICAGOChicago, 78LOCALLostant, 335Tonica, 335LOCAL LEADERLexington, ci, 223LOCAL RECORDShawneetown, 316LOCAL REVIEWDecatur, 158LOCAL TIMESDana, 154

482 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLOCOMOTIVEChicago, 112Greenfield, 192, 356Plymouth, 286White Hall, 193LOCOMOTIVE BUILDER, NATIONALCAR ANDChicago, 1 08LOGAN COUNTY BEELincoln, 225LOGAN COUNTY COURIERLincoln, 221LOGAN COUNTY DEMOCRATLincoln, 224LOGAN COUNTY FORUMAtlanta, 12LOGAN COUNTY JOURNALLincoln, 225LOGAN COUNTY REPUBLICANLincoln, 225LORGNETTEChicago, 107LOYALISTMason, Ixxxvi, 238Salem, 310LUMBERMAN, AMERICANChicago, 118LUMBERMAN, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 118LUMBERMAN'S ADVERTISER AIWEEKLY PRICE CURRENTChicago, 78L'UNIONE, ITALIANAChicago, 91LUTHERISCHE KlRCHENFREUNDChicago, 97LYCEUM BANNERChicago, 90MACEDONIAN AND RECORDChicago, 97MACKINAW SENTINELLexington, 223MACOUPIN ANZEIGERCarlinville, 42MACOUPIN COUNTY ENQUIRERCarlinville, 41MACOUPIN COUNTY HERALDCarlinville, 42MACOUPIN COUNTY SPECTATORCarlinville, 41MACOUPIN STATESMANCarlinville, 41MACOUPIN TIMESCarlinville, 41MADISON ADVERTISEREdwardsville, 167MADISON COUNTY ANZEIGEREdwardsville, 169MADISON COUNTY BOTEEdwardsville, 168, 199MADISON COUNTY COURIEREdwardsville, 168MADISON COUNTY ENQUIREREdwardsville, 167MADISON COUNTY RECORD TELE-GRAPHAlton, 4MADISON COUNTY RECORDEREdwardsville, 167MADISON COUNTY SENTINELAlton, 9MADISON PRESS, WEEKLYEdwardsville, 168MAGAZINE POOK, CARL PRETZEL'SChicago, noMAGAZINE OF FASHION, Music, ANDHOME READING, CHICAGOChicago, 102MAGNETDecatur, 157Mahomet, 232MAGNET AND TRIBUNEDecatur, 157, 159MAILChicago, xciv, 68, 84, 103Greenup, 193Malta, 232Peoria, 280Springfield, 326MAIL, BRITISHChicago, 95MAIL GUIDE, TRAVELERS' AND SHIP-PERS'Chicago, 129MAIL, POST ANDChicago, 84, 103MAIN LAW ALLIANCEChicago, 68MAINE SUNChicago, 98MANFORD'S MAGAZINEChicago, 70MANUAL, AMERICAN LAWChicago, 8 1

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 483MANUAL, COMMERCIAL ADVERTISERAND COUNTING ROOMChicago, 82MANUAL, LAWChicago, 97MANUFACTURER, ILLINOIS TRADERANDPeoria, 282MANUFACTURER, SCIENTIFICChicago, 124MANUFACTURER, WESTERNChicago, 125MANUFACTURERS' FIRE INSURANCEGUIDEChicago, 141MANUFACTURERS' RECORD, CHI-CAGO MERCHANTS' ANDChicago, 92MANUFACTURERS' RECORD, MER-CHANTS' ANDChicago, 78MANUFACTURERS' RECORD, PRICECURRENT ANDChicago, 78, 87MANUFACTURERS' RECORD, WESTERNMERCHANTS' PRICE CURRENTANDChicago, 78MARINE RECORD AND TRADE OFTHE WESTChicago, 126MARINE REGISTER, WELLS'Chicago, 77MARION COUNTY HERALDSalem, 310, 311MARION COUNTY REPUBLICANSalem, 310, 311MARKET REPORTERChicago, 92MARKET REVIEW AND PRICE CUR-RENTChicago, 76MARKET REVIEW, CHICAGO DAILYCOMMERCIAL REPORT ANDChicago, 70MARKET REVIEW, DAILY COM-MERCIAL REPORT ANDChicago, 86MARSHALL COUNTY DEMOCRATHenry, 198Lacon, 217MARSHALL COUNTY REPUBLICANHenry, 198MARSHALL COUNTY TELEGRAPHHenry, 198MARVELChicago, 137MASON COUNTY DEMOCRATHavana, 197MASON COUNTY HERALDHavana, 196MASONIC RECORDChicago, 117MASONIC TROWELSpringfield, 325MASONRY, VOICE OFChicago, 80MASSAC JOURNALMetropolis City, 241MASSAC JOURNAL-REPUBLICANMetropolis City, 241MASTER MECHANICChicago, 117MASTER MECHANIC, RAILWAYChicago, 143MASTER WORKMAN, ILLINOISCanton, 40MATERIA MEDICA, AMERICAN JOUR-NAL OFChicago, 77MATRIMONIAL BAZARChicago, 97MATRIMONIAL NEWSChicago, 97MATRIMONIAL NEWS AND SPECIALADVERTISERChicago, 97MCDONOUGH COUNTY DEMOCRATBlandinsville, 27MCDONOUGH DEMOCRATMacomb, 231MCDONOUGH INDEPENDENTMacomb, 231MCDONOUGH INDEPENDENT ANDDEMOCRATIC REVIEWMacomb, 231MCELROY'S BANK NOTE REPORTERChicago, 74, 79MCHENRY COUNTY DEMOCRATWoodstock, 360MCHENRY COUNTY UNIONWoodstock, 359MCKENDREE REPOSITORYLebanon, 221

4 8 4 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMcLEAN COUNTY ANTI-MONOPO-LISTBloomington, 30Saybrook, 312MCLEAN COUNTY DEUTSCHE PRESSEBloomington. 30MCLEAN COUNTY ECHOBloomington, 29MCLEAN COUNTY JOURNALBloomington, 29MCLEAN COUNTY REGISTERBloomington, 28MECHANIC, AMATEURChicago, 134MECHANIC AND INVENTORChicago, 90MECHANICAL JOURNAL, NORTH-WESTERN ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 147MECHANICS' REPOSITORY, FARMERS'ANDBelleville, 21MECNOPHONERaritan, 295MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL,ILLINOISChicago, 56MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL,NORTHWESTERNChicago, 56MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL,UNITED STATESChicago, 76, 85MEDICAL EXAMINERChicago, 76MEDICAL INVESTIGATORChicago, 76, 85MEDICAL INVESTIGATOR, UNITEDSTATESChicago, 76, 85MEDICAL JOURNALChicago, 56, 76MEDICAL JOURNAL AND EXAMINERChicago, 57, 76MEDICAL RECORDER, ILLINOISVandalia, 343MEDICAL REGISTERChicago, 112MEDICAL REGISTER AND ADVERTISERAnna, 10MEDICAL TIMESChicago, 97MEMENTOPeoria, 279MEMENTO AND ODD-FELLOWS'FAMILY MAGAZINESpringfield, 324MEMENTO AND ODD-FELLOW'SNORTHWESTERN MAGAZINESpringfield, 324MEMORIAL, GREGG'S DOLLAR MONTH-LY AND OLD SETTLERS'Hamilton, 195MENARD COUNTY AxisPetersburg, 283MENARD COUNTY TIMESPetersburg, 283MENARD INDEXPetersburg, 283MENARD REPUBLICANPetersburg, 283MERCANTILE JOURNAL AND WEEKLYPRICE CURRENTChicago, 108MERCANTILE PRICE CURRENTChicago, 127MERCANTILE REVIEW, GROCER ANDChicago, 122MERCER COUNTY DEMOCRATKeithsburg, 213MERCER COUNTY PRESSAledo, 2MERCHANT, WEEKLYChicago, 90MERCHANTS' ADVERTISERBloomington, 30MERCHANTS' AND MANUFACTURERS'RECORDChicago, 78, 92MERCHANTS' BULLETINChicago, 147MERCHANTS' JOURNAL, RAILROADANDChicago, 98MERCHANTS' MONTHLY CIRCULARAND ILLUSTRATED NEWSChicago, 78MERCHANTS' PRICEWESTERNCURRENT,Chicago, 78MERCHANTS' PRICE CURRENT ANDMANUFACTURERS'WESTERNChicago, 78RECORD,

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 485MERCHANTS' WEEKLY CIRCULAR,CHICAGOChicago, 78MERCHANTS' WEEKLY CIRCULAR ANDILLUSTRATED NEWS, CHICAGOChicago, 78MERCURYOnarga, 267Shawneetown, 315, 315, n.MERCURY, ST. CLAIRBelleville, 20MERCURY, WESTERNGeneva, Ixxv, n., 188St. Charles, 308MESSAGEWarsaw, 348MESSAGE, DEMOCRAT-Mt. Sterling, 254MESSAGE, GOOD TEMPLAR'SQuincy, 293MESSAGE, ILLINOIS WEEKLYMt. Sterling, 254MESSAGGIERE ITALIANO DELL'QUEST, ILChicago, 91, 92MESSENGERAbingdon, iCapron, 40Danville, 156Elmwood, 172, 233Maroa, 235Marshall, 236Urbana, 178MESSENGER, BONHAM'S RURALChicago, 91MESSENGER, CASS COUNTYBeardstown, 19MESSENGER, CHRISTIANJacksonville, 204MESSENGER, DE WITT COUNTYClinton, 153MESSENGER, DOLLAR RURALHamilton, 195MESSENGER, ILLINOISSpringfield, 323MESSENGER, LITERARYChicago, 82MESSENGER OF THE NORTHWEST,SONGChicago, 80MESSENGER, PRAIRIESt. Charles, 308MESSENGER, PUBLIC SCHOOLKewanee, 215MESSENGER, RURALPlymouth, 286MESSENGER, SONGChicago, 80MESSENGER, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 94MESSENGER, YOUNGChicago, 109METAL WORKER, WATCHMAKER ANDChicago, 125METAL WORLDChicago, 123METALLURGIST, MINING REVIEWANDChicago, 141METEORCentralia, 47METHODIST, FREEAurora, 16Sycamore, 332METHODIST FREE PRESSRockford, 301METHODIST QUARTERLY REVIEWChicago, 103MICHIGAN, BEOBACHTER VONChicago, 67MIDLAND MONTHLYMonmouth, 246MILITARY TRACT ADVERTISER,JOURNAL ANDRushville, 306MILITARY TRACT JOURNALMacomb, 231MILL JOURNAL, ROLLINGChicago, 128MlLLENARIANChicago, 123MILLER, AMERICANChicago, 119MILLER, COMMERCIALOttawa, 271MILLER, MODERNMoline, 245MILLER'S NATIONAL MAGAZINEChicago, 141MINARETChicago, 119MINARET, TURNER'SChicago, 119

486 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMINER AND WORKMAN'S ADVOCATEBelleville, 24MINER, WESTERNBraidwood, 32MINERAL, HARDINElizabethtown, 172MINER'S JOURNALGalena, liii,182MINES, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICANBUREAU OFChicago, 117MINING JOURNALDu Quoin, 163MINING REVIEWChicago, 141MINING REVIEW AND METALLURGISTChicago, 141MINING REVIEW, CHICAGOChicago, 141MINING REVIEW, REAL ESTATE ANDChicago, 147MINORMt. Carroll, 252MIRRORAltona, 9Chicago, 137Pekin, 276, 277, 336Piano, 285, 361Russell ville, 211, n.MIRROR, CARROLL COUNTYCarroll, 334Mt. Carroll, 251MIRROR OF FASHIONSChicago, 137MIRROR, PRAIRIEHillsboro, 199MIRROR, ROCK RIVERRockford, 300MIRROR, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 109MIRROR, TAZEWELL COUNTYPekin, 277MIRROR, WESTERNRockford, 300MIRROR, WESTERN WEEKLYEdwardsville, 167MISSION, PAMPHLETChicago, 142MISSIONARENChicago, 103, 114MISSIONAREN, AUGUSTANA OCHChicago, 114MISSIONARY ADVOCATEChicago, 98MISSIONARY. REFORMEDHenry, 199MISSIONARY SENTINELAnna, 10MISSIONS-VANNENChicago, 123MISSOURI AND ILLINOIS TEMPERANCEHERALDAlton, Ixii, 5MISSOURI CUMBERLAND PRESBYTE-RIANAlton, 7MODERLANDENE, FfiAChicago, 121MODERN ARGOQuincy, 294MODERN MILLERMoline, 245MOLLY STARKToulon, 336MONATSHEFTE, DEUTSCHE-AMER-IKANISCHEChicago, 81MONDAY LEADERCairo, 37MONEY MAKER'S JOURNAL, SMAXChicago, 104MONEY REPORTER AND INSURANCEJOURNAL, PHILLIPS' NORTH-WESTERNChicago, 75MONEY REPORTER, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 75, 77MONITORAlton, Ixxv, n., 6Buckingham, 33Chenoa, 51Chicago, 98Dallas, 154Dixon, 162Gridley, 194Hillsboro, 226Jacksonville, ci, 206Lee, 221Lexington, 223Litchfield, 200Marion, 234Meredosia, 241Nashville, 258Robinson, 297Springfield, 325

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 487Streator, 153, 329Western, 355MONITOR, ILLINOISFreeport, 181Mo NITOR-lNDEXStreator, 329MONITOR, MORGANJacksonville, 206MONITOR, NEWS-Litchfield, 200MONITOR, PROTESTANTGreenville, 193MONITOR, REAL ESTATE NEWSLETTER AND INSURANCEChicago, 71MONITOR, REPUBLICANLitchfield, 226MONITOR, SANGAMOSpringfield, 325MONITOR, TEMPERANCEAurora, 14MONITOR, UNIONHillsboro, 200Litchfield, 200, 226MONITOR, WESTERN FAMILYMarion, 233MONROE ADVERTISERWaterloo, 350MONROE DEMOCRATWaterloo, 350MONTGOMERY COUNTY DEMOCRATLitchfield, 226MONTGOMERY COUNTY HERALDHillsboro, 200MONTGOMERY NEWSHillsboro, 200MONTHLY, THEChicago, 83MONTHLY JURISTBloomington, 31MONTHLY LETTER BoxFlora, 179MONTHLY NOVELLETTEOquawka, 268MOORE'S HOME MONTHLYArcola, nMORGAN COUNTY ADVERTISER,JACKSONVILLE BANNER ANDJacksonville, 203MORGAN COUNTY JOURNALWaverly, 354MORGAN JOURNALJacksonville, Ixxvii, 204MORGAN MONITORJacksonville, 206MORNING BULLETINChicago, 72MORNING FRANKElgin, 172MORNING COURIERChicago, 1 20Quincy, 291MORNING HERALDChicago, 144, 146MORNING MAILChicago, 58Peoria, 280MORNING MONITORSpringfield, 325MORNING NEWSAlton, 9Chicago, 127Peoria, 279Quincy, 294MORNING POSTChicago, 76, 85MORNING STARChicago, 127Rockford, 301MOTHER'S JOURNALChicago, 108MOTORWalnut, 348MOTTORobin's Nest, 209MOUDY'S DEMOCRATRichview, 296MOULTRIE COUNTY CHRONICLESullivan, 330MOULTRIE COUNTY UNION BANNERSullivan, 330MUELLER, DEUTSCHE AMERIKAN-ISCHEChicago, 135MUSEUM AND HOTEL REGISTERChicago, 79MUSEUM, DAILYChicago, 79MUSICAL BULLETINChicago, 147MUSICAL INDEPENDENTChicago, 92

488 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMUSICAL REVIEWChicago, 71, 87, 137MUSICAL REVIEW, HIGGINSChicago, 87MUSICAL REVIEW, LITERARY ANDChicago, 147MYSTIC STARChicago, 8 1NAD OCH BANNINGChicago, 137NAR OCH FJERRANChicago, 123NARODNI NOVINGChicago, 92NATIONALChicago, 123NATIONAL, THEEast St. Louis, 166NATIONAL BANKSt. Clair, 202NATIONAL BANNERBenton, 26Chicago, 79NATIONAL BAPTISTChicago, 98NATIONAL BOARD OF TRADEChicago, 137NATIONAL CAR AND LOCOMOTIVEBUILDERChicago, 108NATIONAL CAR BUILDERChicago, 108NATIONAL, CHICAGOChicago, 108NATIONAL CROP REPORTERJacksonville, 205NATIONAL DEMOCRATAlton, 7Chicago, 69Peoria, 281NATIONAL DEMOKRATChicago, 132NATIONAL EMPORIUMMound City, 249NATIONAL ERADanville, ci, 156NATIONAL FARMERChicago, 127NATIONAL FLAGBloomington, 29NATIONAL GAZETTEMattoon, 238NATIONAL GREENBACKERRochelle, ci, 298NATIONAL GREENBACK HERALDShelbyville, 318NATIONAL GUARDOregon, 269NATIONAL HARNESS REVIEWChicago, 147NATIONAL HOTEL REPORTERChicago, 112NATIONAL LAUNDRY JOURNALChicago, 141NATIONAL LIVE STOCK JOURNALChicago, 103NATIONAL MAGAZINE, MILLER'SChicago, 141NATIONAL MONTHLY FARM PRESSChicago, 140NATIONAL PROHIBITIONISTChicago, 86NATIONAL STOCK YARD REPORTEREast St. Louis, 165NATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERChicago, 84NATIONAL WEEKLY, CARL PRET-ZEL'SChicago, 120NATIVE AMERICANChicago, 69NATIVE CITIZEN, DAILYChicago, 64NEIGHBORNauvoo, Ixxxviii, n., 260NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES,JOURNAL OFChicago, 123NEUE FREIE PRESSE, CHICAGOERChicago, 107NEUE VOLKS-ZEITUNGRock Island, 304NEUE ZEITChicago, 137NEW CHURCH INDEPENDENT ANDREVIEWChicago, 67NEW CITIZENNauvoo, 260NEW COVENANTChicago, 62NEW EMPIRE, OURChicago, 142

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 489NEW ERACarbondale, 40Chandlerville, 49Elgin, 172Jacksonville, 205Mt. Forest, 252Nashville, 258Toulon. 336Woodstock, ci, 360NEW ERA, HANCOCKWarsaw, 349NEW OVERLAND TOURISTChicago, 146NEW REPUBLICChicago, 90NEW UNITY, THEChicago, 143NEW WORLDChicago, 79NEWSAmboy, iAshland, 12Aurora, 16Ava, 17Batavia, 18Belleville, 23Braidwood, 32Brighton, 33Brimneld, 33Buckingham, 33Bunker Hill, 34Byron, 35, 179Cairo, 37Chicago, 84, Ixxv, n., 57, 70, 112, 127Dallas, 154Danville, 155Decatur, 160Du Quoin, 164Elgin, 171Fairfield, 176Farina, 177Farmington, 179Freeport, 181Galesburg, 187Genoa, 189Girard, 190Grant Park, 192Grayville, 192Greenfield, 193Homer, 201Hutsonville, 202Hyde Park, 202Jacksonville, 203Joliet, 208Kansas, 211Keithsburg, 214Kirkwood, 215Lewistown, 222Lincoln, 223, 225Litchfield, 226Loda, 228Magnolia, 232Maroa, 235Mason City, 238McLeansboro, 229Mendota, 240Minier, 243Minonk, 244Mt. Carroll, 252Mt. Vernon, 256Neoga, 261Olney, 265, 266Oneida, 267Paw Paw, 275Pecatonica, 218, 276Peoria, Ixx, 279Peru, 282Piano, 262, 285Quincy, 294Rantoul, 294Raritan, 295Riverton, 296Roanoke, 297Rockford, 300Rockwell, 305St. Elmo, 309Sandoval, 311Sandwich, 311Saybrook, 312Seneca, 313Thomson, 334Tonica, 335Turner Junction, 337Vienna, 344Virden, 343Washington, 350Yorkville, 361Young America, 361NEWS, AMATEURAbingdon, iNEWS AND AMERICAN CONTRACTJOURNAL, ENGINEERINGChicago, 121NEWS AND AMERICAN RAILWAYJOURNAL, ENGINEERINGChicago, 121NEWS AND CENTRAL RECORDERPayson, 276NEWS AND COMMERCIALDanville, 155

4QOILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNEWS AND SPECIAL ADVERTISER,MATRIMONIALChicago, 97NEWS, CATHOLICChicago, 145NEWS, CENTRALWayne, 354NEWS, CHICAGO DAILY DROVERS'JOURNAL AND FARMChicago, 115NEWS, CHICAGO ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 127, 146NEWS, CHICAGO MERCHANTS' WEEK-LY CIRCULAR AND ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 78NEWS-CHRONICLELewistown, 222NEWS, CITY EVENINGChicago, 82NEWS, COMMERCIALDanville, 155NEWS, COUNTYPayson, 276NEWS, DAILY DRAMATICCairo, 36NEWS, DAILY MORNINGPeoria, Ixx, 279NEWS, DE KALB COUNTYDe Kalb, 154, 160NEWS-DEMOCRATBelleville, 23NEWS, DEMOCRATICBloomington, 31NEWS, DOLLAR WEEKLYElgin, 171NEWS, EAST KNOXYates City, 360NEWS, ENGINEERINGChicago, 121NEWS, FAYETTE COUNTYVandalia, 343NEWS, FORD COUNTYPaxton, 275NEWS FROM THE SPIRIT WORLDChicago, 92NEWS-GLEANERShawneetown, 316NEWS, GOODChicago, 136NEWS, GREENBACKJoliet, 208NEWS, HENRY COUNTYGeneseo, 188NEWS-HERALDLincoln, 223NEWS-HERALD, TWIN CITYPeru, 282NEWS, HOMELa Harpe, 217NEWS, ILLINOIS STATE GAZETTE ANDJACKSONVILLEJacksonville, xxxii, 203NEWS, ILLUSTRATED CHICAGOChicago, 92NEWS INDEXWenona, 354NEWS, INDUSTRIAL ADVOCATE ANDGeneseo, 188NEWS, KENDALL COUNTYPiano, 243, 286NEWS, LEGALChicago, 97NEWS LETTERCentralia, 46Galesburg, 184Hillsboro, 200Mascoutah, 21, 237Naperville, 257Sheridan, 318NEWS LETTER AND HENRY COUNTYNEWSGalesburg, 184NEWS LETTER AND INSURANCE MON-ITOR, REAL ESTATEChicago, 71NEWS, LIVINGSTON COUNTYPontiac, 287NEWS, MATRIMONIALChicago, 97NEWS, MERCHANTS' MONTHLY CIR-CULAR AND ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 78NEWS-MONITORLitchfield, 200NEWS, MONTGOMERYHillsboro, 200NEWS, NEWS LETTER AND HENRYCOUNTYGalesburg, 184NEWS, PEORIA COUNTYBrimfield, 33NEWS, PHARMACEUTICALPeoria, 281

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 491NEWS, REAL ESTATEEvanston, 174NEWS, RECORD ANDSeneca, 313NEWS, REPRESENTATIVE AND BELLE-VILLEBelleville, 20NEWS, SCOTT COUNTYWinchester, 357NEWS, SHAWNEEShawneetown, 315NEWS, SOUTH SIDEChicago, 118Hyde Park, 202NEWS, STAMPRockford, 302NEWS, STARK COUNTYToulon, 335, 336NEWS-TIMESMaroa, 235NEWS, VERMILLIONCornellville, 153NEWS, WESTERNBelleville, 20NEWS, WESTERN PHOTOGRAPHICChicago, 125NEWS, WHITE COUNTYCarmi, 44NEWSBOY'S APPEALChicago, 141NEWSPAPERJerseyville, 206NEWSPAPER, CHICAGO DOLLARChicago, 63NEWSPAPER UNIONChicago, 1 08NINAWA GAZETTEPeru, 282NINETEENTH CENTURYPeoria, 278NONPAREILAbingdon, iNOONDAY STARGalesburg, 186NORDENChicago, 124NORDWESTLICHE POSTFreeport, 181NORMAL HERALDPark Ridge, 274NORSK-AMERIKANSKE INDEPENDENCEChicago, 137NORTH SIDE REPORTERChicago, 142NORTH VERMILLION CHRONICLEHoopeston, 201NORTHERN GRANGERSt. Charles, 300NORTHERN ILLINOIANWheaton, 355NORTHERN ILLINOIS COMMERCIALKeithsburg, 213NORTHWESTChicago, 137Freeport, 180NORTHWESTERNBelvidere, 25Evanston, 174NORTHWESTERN ADVERTISERRock Island, 303NORTHWESTERN BANK NOTE ANDCOUNTERFEIT REPORTERChicago, 71NORTHWESTERN BAPTISTChicago, 54Salem, 310NORTHWESTERN CHURCHChicago, 72NORTHWESTERN CHURCH ADVOCATEChicago, 67NORTHWESTERN COMMERCIAL TRAV-ELERChicago, 142NORTHWESTERN EDUCATOR ANDMAGAZINE OF LITERATURE ANDSCIENCEChicago, 59NORTHWESTERN EXCELSIORWaukegan, 353NORTHWESTERN FARMERChicago, 87NORTHWESTERN GAZETTEGalena, 183NORTHWESTERN GAZETTE ANDGALENA ADVERTISERGalena, 183, 184NORTHWESTERN GAZETTEERGalesburg, 184NORTHWESTERN GAZETTEER, REG-ISTER ANDPeoria, 278

49 2 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNORTHWESTERN HOME JOURNALChicago, 69NORTHWESTERN HOME AND SCHOOLJOURNALChicago, 75NORTHWESTERN ILLUSTRATED ME-CHANICAL JOURNALChicago, 147NORTHWESTERN INTELLIGENCERGalesburg, 184NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OFHOMOEOPATHIAChicago, 63NORTHWESTERN LUMBERMANChicago, 118NORTHWESTERN MAGAZINEChicago, 116NORTHWESTERN MEDICAL AND SUR-GICAL JOURNALChicago, 56NORTHWESTERN MONEY REPORTERChicago, 75, 77NORTHWESTERN ORIENTWaukegan, 353NORTHWESTERN PRAIRIE FARMERChicago, 73NORTHWESTERN PRESBYTERIANChicago, 71NORTHWESTERN PULPITChicago, 77NORTHWESTERN QUARTERLY MAGA-ZINEChicago, 74NORTHWESTERN REPUBLICANMt. Morris, 252NORTHWESTERN REVIEWChicago, 90NORTHWESTERN SUNDAY SCHOOLTEACHER'S QUARTERLYChicago, 83NORTHWESTERN WEEKLY REVIEWChicago, 90NOVA DOBAChicago, 92NOVELISTChicago, 124NOVELLETTE, MONTHLYOquawka, 268NOVING, NARODNIChicago, 92NOWADAYSRockford, 302NYA HEM, VARTChicago, 119NYA SEVRIGERockford, 301NYA SVENSKA AMERIKANARENChicago, 87NYA VERLDENChicago, 108NYA WECKO POSTENChicago, 135NYE TID, DENChicago, 124NYHETER, SVENSKAChicago, 88NYHETER, SVENSKA TRIBUNEN-Chicago, 88OAK LEAFGalesburg, 185OBELISK, EGYPTIANCairo, 36OBSERVATEUR DE CHICAGO, L'Chicago, 78OBSERVERAlton, bdv, Ixv, Ixvi, Ixvii, Ixxv,n., 5Barry, 17Carbondale, 40Carrollton, 45Chicago, 103Keithsburg, 213Mendota, 240Mt. Pulaski, 253Naples, 258Petersburg, ci, 283Rossville, 306St. Charles, 309Sterling, 329Virginia, 345OBSERVER AND MCLEAN COUNTYADVOCATEBloomington, 27OBSERVER AND PEORIA COUNTYADVERTISERElmwood, 172OBSERVER, CAMPAIGNElgin, 170OBSERVER, Du PAGE COUNTYNaperville, 257OBSERVER, FAYETTEVandalia, 343OBSERVER, KNOX COUNTYGalesburg, 185

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 493OBSERVER, OQUAWKA SPECTATORAND KEITHSBURGOquawka, 268OBSERVER, WESTERNJacksonville, liii, 202OCCIDENTChicago, 118ODD FELLOW AND MAGAZINE OF LIT-ERATURE AND ART, AMERICANChicago, 61ODD FELLOW, WESTERNChicago, 90ODD FELLOW, WESTLICHEChicago, 105ODD-FELLOWS FAMILY MAGAZINE,MEMENTO ANDSpringfield, 324ODD FELLOWS HERALDBloomington 31Springfield, 326ODD-FELLOWS' NORTHWESTERN MAG-AZINE, MEMENTO ANDSpringfield, 324ODD FELLOWS UNIONSpringfield, 325OECONOMTE, AGERDKNING ANDChicago, 100OFFERING, TEMPLAR'SChicago, 82OGLE COUNTY BANNERPolo, 286OGLE COUNTY DEMOCRATMt. Morris, 253OGLE COUNTY GAZETTEOregon, 268OGLE COUNTY GRANGEOregon, 269OGLE COUNTY PRESSPolo, 287OGLE COUNTY REPORTEROregon, 269OIL REVIEW, DRUGGIST AND PAINTANDChicago, 146OKAWShelbyville, 316OKAW DEMOCRATShelbyville, 316OKAW PATRIOTShelbyville, 316, 317OKAW REPUBLICANSullivan, 330OLD FLAGMarion, 233, 234Pittsfield, 284OLD HICKORYSpringfield, 323OLD OAKEN BUCKETChicago, 132OLD SETTLERS' MEMORIAL, GREGG'SDOLLAR MONTHLY ANDHamilton, 195OLD SOLDIERSpringfield, 323OLD STATESMANQuincy, 291OLIVE BRANCHCairo, 37Springfield, 323, 324OLIVE BRANCH OF THE WESTChicago, 67OLIVE LEAFVandalia, 342OLIVE WREATHChicago, 90OPEN DOOREufield, 173OPERA HOUSE PROGRAMMEChicago, 91OQUAWKA SPECTATOR AND KEITHS-BURG OBSERVEROquawka, 268ORACLE, HOME CIRCLE AND TEM-PERANCEChicago, 82OREADMt. Carroll, 251ORGAN, DEMOCRATICMarion, 233ORGAN, ILLINOISSpringfield, 323ORIENTWaukegan, 299ORIENT, CENTRALPana, 273ORIENT, NORTHWESTERNWaukegan, 353ORIENTAL JOURNAL, AMERICAN ANTI-QUARIAN ANDChicago, 138ORTHORSPORFarmer City, 177OUR BEST WORDSShelbyville, 318

494 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSOUR BOYSChicago, 108OUR BOYS AND GIRLS OWNChicago, 118OUR BOYS' INTELLECTWenona, 354OUR CONSTITUTIONUrbana, 338OUR FAITHAlton, 8OUR FIRESIDE FRIENDChicago, 112OUR FLAGChicago, 112Marion, 233, 234OUR FOLKS AT HOMEChicago, 103OUR NEW EMPIREChicago, 142OUR PICTURE GALLERYChicago, 142OUR RESTChicago, 124OUR REST AND SIGNS OF THE TIMESChicago, 124OUR TIMKSEdwardsville, 168OUR WORKSparta, 321OUR YOUTHChicago, 105, 109OUTLOOKChicago, 112OUTLOOK, FARMERS' VOICE ANDRURALChicago, 78OVER LAND AND SEAChicago, 142OVERLAND TOURIST, NEWChicago, 147OWLCharleston, 49Chicago, 124Virginia, 345PAINT AND OILANDChicago, 146PALLADIUMChatsworth, 50Pana, 273PALLADIUM, ILLINOISPekin, 276REVIEW, DRUGGISTPALLADIUM, ILLINOIS WEEKLYElgin, 170PAMPHLET MISSIONChicago, 142PANTAGRAPHBloomington, Ixx. Ixxvii, 28Richmond, 296Westfield, 355PAPERCairo, 37Monmouth, 246PAPER, CHILD'SChicago, 1 06PAPER, DOTEast St. Louis, 166PAPER, EVERY CHILD'SChicago, 135PAPER, EVERY YOUTH'SChicago, 135PAPER, EVERYBODY'SChicago, 96PAPER, GAZETTE ANDMonmouth, 246Roseville, 306PAPER, PEOPLE'SBushnell, 35Chicago, 117, 118Shelbyville, 318PAPER TRADE, WESTERNChicago, 129PAPER, WESTERN RURAL ANDFAMILY WEEKLYChicago, 80PAPERS, HIGHWAYChicago, 132PAPERS, HOMEChicago, 86PARAGRAPHPerry, 282PARTY, RELIGIO POLITICOChicago, 113PATHFINDER, WESTERNChicago, 68PATRIOTCarrollton, 45, 356Chicago, 70Danville, 155Durand, 164El Paso, 173Lane, 218Nauvoo, 261Pekin, 277St. Charles, 308Waterloo, 350

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 495PATRIOT, BUREAU COUNTYPrinceton, 289PATRIOT, CHAMPAIGN COUNTYUrbana, 338PATRIOT, Fox RIVER ADVOCATE ANDKANE COUNTY HERALDSt. Charles, 308PATRIOT, ILLINOISJacksonville, 203PATRIOT, LAKE COUNTYWaukegan, 353PATRIOT, OKAWShelbyville, 316, 317PATRIOT, PULASKIMound City, 249PEACE, ADVOCATE OFChicago, 95PEACE, CALUMET OFCarlyle, 43PEACE, HERALD orChicago, 89PEARLSycamore, 332PEN AND PENCILChicago, 70PEOPLEBelleville, 24Farmington, 179PEOPLE, PRESS ANDGalesburg, 185PEOPLE, SOVEREIGNEdwardsville, 163PEOPLE, VOICE OF THEChicago, 53Louisville, 228Peoria, 279PEOPLE'S ADVOCATEWilmington, 356PEOPLE'S ADVOCATE, ILLINOIS RE-GISTER ANDVandalia, 342PEOPLES' DENTAL JOURNALChicago, 80PEOPLE'S FRIENDMarion, 234PEOPLE'S GAZETTEEast St. Louis, 165PEOPLES' JOURNAL OF HEALTHChicago, 8 1PEOPLE'S MISCELLANY AND ILLINOISHERALDAlton, 6PEOPLE'S MONTHLYChicago, 124PEOPLE'S PAPERBushnell, 35Chicago, 117, 118Shelbyville, 318PEOPLE'S PLATFORMAurora, 13St. Charles, 308PEOPLE'S PRESSNashville, 259PEOPLE'S WEEKLYChicago, 109Rockford, 300Sandwich, 311PEORIA COUNTY ADVERTISER, OB-SERVER ANDElm wood, 172PEORIA COUNTY NEWSBrimfield, 33PEORIA HERALD, ILLINOIS CHAMPIONANDPeoria, liii, 278PEORIA REPUBLICAN, ILLINOIS CHAM-PION ANDPeoria, 278PERRY COUNTY BANNERPinckneyville, 283PERRY COUNTY DEMOCRATPinckneyville, 284PERRY COUNTY PRESSDu Quoin, 164Tamaroa, 333PERRY COUNTY SIGNALPinckneyville, 284PERRY COUNTY TIMESPinckneyville, 283PERRY COUNTY WATCHMANTamaroa, 327, 332PHARMACEUTICAL NEWSPeoria, 281PHARMACISTChicago, 93PHARMACIST AND CHEMICAL RECORDChicago, 93PHARMACIST AND CHEMISTChicago, 93PHILLIPS' NORTHWESTERN MONEYREPORTER AND INSURANCEJOURNALChicago, 75

4Q6ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSPHILOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, RAPIDWRITER ANDChicago, 128PHILOSOPHER, CHRISTIANGeneseo, 188PHOENIXBraidwood, 33, 208Chicago, 109Grafton, 191Joliet, c, 208, 221, 285Lemont, 208, 221Lockport, 208, 227Peotone, 208Plainfield, 208, 285Richview, 46, 296Wilmington, 208, 357PHOENIX, FULTONIpava, 202PHONOGRAPHPlymouth, 286PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS, WESTERNChicago, 125PHYSICIAN, AMERICANChicago, 139PIATT COUNTY HERALDMonticello, 247PIATT COUNTY REPUBLICANMonticello, 247PIATT COUNTY UNIONMonticello, 247PIATT DEMOCRATMonticello, 246PIATT INDEPENDENTMonticello, 247PICKET GUARDChester, Ixxxvi, 51PICTORIAL ADVERTISERChicago, 112PICTORIAL ADVERTISER, EXPOSITIONChicago, 116PICTURE GALLERY FOR YOUNGFOLKSChicago, 142PICTURE GALLERY, OURChicago, 142PIKE COUNTY DEMOCRATPittsfield, 285PIKE COUNTY FREE PRESSGriggsville, 194, 284Pittsfield, Ixxvii, 284PIKE COUNTY JOURNALPittsfield, 284PIKE COUNTY REPUBLICANPittsfield, 285PIKE COUNTY SENTINELPittsfield, 285PIKE COUNTY UNIONGriggsville, 194, 285Pittsfield, 285PIKE'S DEMOCRATDecatur, 158PILGRIM, CHRISTIANSycamore, 332PILOTChicago, 1 20Rockford, 298PILOT, CATHOLICChicago, 1 20PILOT, IRISH LEADER ANDChicago, 1 20PILOT, YOUNGChicago, 105PIONEERAlbion, 2Effingham, 169Ewington, 175Streater, 329PIONEER AND BAPTIST STANDARDBEARER, WESTERNAlton, 4, 305PIONEER AND WESTERN BAPTISTRock Spring, 305PIONEER, CLINTON COUNTYCarlyle, 44PIONEER OF THE VALLEY OF THEMISSISSIPPIRock Spring, lix, 305PIONEER, PRAIRIEFairfield, 176Mt. Sterling, 253PIONEER, WESTERNAlton, 4PLAINDEALERBenton, 26Charleston, 49Chatwsorth, 50Galesburg, 186Marseilles, 235McHenry, 229Newton, 263, 266, 266, n.Oquawka, 268Pana, 272Pekin, 276Sparta, 321Sullivan, 330Young America, 361

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 497PLAINDEALER, DEMOCRATICNaperville, 257PLAINDEALER, HENDERSONBiggsville, 27PLAINDEALER, RANDOLPHSparta, 320PLATFORM, DEMOCRATICSt. Charles, 308PLATFORM, PEOPLE'SSt. Charles, 308PLATTDEUTSCHE ZEITUNGChicago, 143PLAYChicago, 137PLOUGHBOY, WESTERNEdwardsville, 167PLOW BOYMt. Carmel, 250POKROKChicago, 98POLSKA KATOLICKA, GAZETAChicago, 122POLSKA w CHICAGO, GAZETAChicago, 116POLITICAL CRISISSpringfield, 325POLITICAL EXAMINERRushville, Ivi, 307POLITICAL REFORMERExeter, 175POLITICIANBelleville, 21POMEROY'S DEMOCRATChicago, 132POMEROY'S ILLUSTRATED DEMOCRATChicago, 132POPE COUNTY DEMOCRATGolconda, 191POPULAR TRIBUNENauvoo, 261PORCUPINEChicago, 59, 135PORCUPINE AND DEMOCRATIC BAN-NER, LITTLE FORTLittle Fort, 227Waukegan, 352PORTFOLIOChicago, nSPOSAUNE, BUNDES-Chicago, 134POSTAurora, 16Belleville, 22Bloomington, 31Chicago, xciv, 76, 77, 84, 85, 103, 127Danville, 156Harlem, 134Havana, 197Keokuk, 349Pepria, 280Princeton, Ixxvii, 289Marion, 234Mendota, 241Naples, 258Pekin, 277Quincy, 294Rutland, 308Toulon, 336Wyoming, 32, 360POSTAL RECORDChicago, 93POSTAL RECORD, WESTERNChicago, 95POSTAL REVIEW, WESTERNDwight, 164POST AND MAILChicago, 84, 103POST, BEOBACHTER ANDChicago, 134POST, EVENINGAurora, 16Chicago, xciv, 77, 84, 103. 127Marion, 234POST, GREENBACKQuincy, ciPOST-HERALDWyoming, 360POST, MORNINGChicago, 76, 85POST, NORDWESTLICHEFreeport, 181POST-OFFICE REGISTERPana, 273POST-TRIBUNEPekin, 277POST UNO ZEITUNGBelleville, 22POSTEN, NYA WECKOChicago, 135POSTEN, SVENSKAChicago, 138POULTRY ARGUSPolo, 287

4Q8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSPOULTRY BANNERSterling, 329POULTRY JOURNAL, AMERICANChicago, 129, 179POULTRY RECORDFarmington, 179PRACTICAL TEACHERChicago, 137PRAIRIE ADVOCATEToulon, 335PRAIRIE BEACONBelvidere, 25Hillsboro, 199Paris, 274PRAIRIE BEACON AND VALLEY BLADEParis, 273PRAIRIE CHIEFCambridge, 38, 269Galesburg, 187Prairie City, 288Toulon, 336, 360PRAIRIE CITY ADVOCATELitchfield, 226PRAIRIE DEMOCRATFreeport, 180Mt. Sterling, 253Sparta, 320PRAIRIE ENTERPRISEMinonk, 243PRAIRIE FARMERAmboy, 10Chicago, 53, 71, 73, 74Sandoval, 311PRAIRIE FARMER, EMERY'S JOURNALOF AGRICULTURE ANDChicago, 54, 73PRAIRIE FARMER, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 73PRAIRIE FARMER, UNION AGRI-CULTURIST AND WESTERNChicago, 53PRAIRIE FLOWERCarlyle, 42ShelbyviUe, 316PRAIRIE HERALDChicago, 58PRAIRIE HOME AND ADVERTISERSandwich, 311PRAIRIE LEAFChicago, 70PRAIRIE MESSENGERSt. Charles, 308PRAIRIE MIRRORHillsboro, 199PRAIRIE PIONEERFairfield, 176Mt. Sterling, 253PRAIRIE STATEDanville, IxxviiJerseyville, 207PRAIRIE TELEGRAPHRushville, 307PRAVDAChicago, 147PRESBYTERIAN, CUMBERLANDAlton, 8PRESBYTERIAN, CHRISTIAN INSTRUC-TOR AND WESTERN UNITEDChicago, 75PRESBYTERIAN EXPOSITORChicago, 71PRESBYTERIAN, MISSOURI CUMBER-LANDAlton, 7PRESBYTERIAN, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 71PRESBYTERIAN RECORDERChicago, 78PRESBYTERIAN WESTERN CUMBER-LANDAlton, 8PRESBYTERY REPORTERAlton, 6PRESENT AGEChicago, 93PRESSAbingdon, iBlue Island, 32Buda, 34Carrollton, 45Chicago, 103, 104Delavan, 161Du Quoin, 333East St. Louis, 165Elgin, 172Galesburg, 185Greenup, 193Homer, 201Jacksonville, 205La Salle, 219Little Rock, 227Marengo, 223

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 499Mendota, 240Middleport, 242, 351Momence, 245Mt. Morris, 286New Windsor, 263Newton, 263Olney, 266, 266, n.Polo, 287Rantoul, 295Rossville, 306Sumner, 331Tuscola, 337PRESS AND PEOPLEGalesburg, 185PRESS AND TRIBUNEChicago, 60PRESS, DAILY DEMOCRATICChicago, 63PRESS, DEMOCRAT-La Salle, 219PRESS, DEMOCRATICChicago, Ixxii, 60Keithsburg, 213Nauvoo, 261Peoria, Ixx, 278, 279PRESS, Du PAGE COUNTYNaperville, 257PRESS, EGYPTIANMarion, 234PRESS, EXPOSITION DAILYChicago, 139PRESS, FREE, see FREE PRESSPRESS, HARD CIDERChicago, 53PRESS, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 103, 104PRESS, INDEPENDENTFairfield, 175Griggsville, 195Taylorville, 333PRESS, INDUSTRIALGalena, 184PRESS, INSURANCEChicago, 127PRESS, IROQUOIS COUNTYMiddleport, 242PRESS, LA SALLE COUNTYLa Salle, 219PRESS, LAWRENCE COUNTYSumner, 331PRESS, MERCER COUNTYAledo, 2PRESS, MIDDLEPORTWatseka, 351PRESS, NATIONAL MONTHLY FARMChicago, 140PRESS, OGLE COUNTYPolo, 287PRESS, PERRY COUNTYDu Quoin, 164Tamaroa, 333PRESS, PEOPLE'SNashville, 259Rockford, 300Sandwich, 311PRESS, PRINTINGChicago, 128PRESS-REPORTERMomence, 245PRESS, RURALCentralia, 46, 296PRESS, SENTINEL ANDPontiac, 288PRESS, TRI-COUNTYPolo, 287PRESS, UNIONBushnell, 34PRESS, VERMILLION COUNTYDanville, 155PRESS, WAYNE COUNTYFairfield, 176PRESS, WEEKLY MADISONEdwardsville, 168PRESSE, FREIE, see FREIE PRESSEPRESSE, ISRAELITISCHEChicago, 147PRESSE, MCLEAN COUNTY DEUTSCHEBloomington, 30PRESSE, WESTLICHEQuincy, 292, 293, 294PRETZEL'S MAGAZINE POOK, CARLChicago, noPRETZEL'S NATIONAL WEEKLY, CARLChicago, 1 20PRICE CURRENT AND MANUFAC-TURERS' RECORDChicago, 78, 87PRICE CURRENT AND MANUFAC-TURERS' RECORD, WESTERNMERCHANTS'Chicago, 78PRICE CURRENT, COMMERCIALChicago, 120

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSPRICE CURRENT, DAILYChicago, 70PRICE CURRENT, DRUGGISTChicago, 96PRICE CURRENT, LUMBERMAN'S AD-VERTISER AND WEEKLYChicago, 78PRICE CURRENT, MARKET REVIEWANDChicago, 76PRICE CURRENT, MERCANTILEChicago, 127PRICE CURRENT, MERCANTILE JOUR-NAL AND WEEKLYChicago, 108PRICE CURRENT, WESTERN MER-CHANTS'Chicago, 78PRICE LIST, DRY GOODSChicago, 101PRICE LIST,Chicago, noPRINCETONIANGROCERY AND DRUGPrinceton, 289PRINTERS CABINET, ROUNDS'Chicago, 70PRINTING PRESSChicago, 128PRODUCE REPORTER, LIVE STOCKANDChicago, 123PROFESSOR TRUMBULL'S FAMILY REC-ORDChicago, 118PROGRAMMEChicago, 78PROGRAMME, ARLINGTON HALLChicago, 88PROGRAMME, OPERA HOUSEChicago, 91PROGRESSAbingdon, iChrisman, 150Du Quoin, 164Rock Falls, 298Shipman, 319Sullivan, 330PROGRESS, WILLIAMSON COUNTYMarion, 234PROGRESSIVE FARMERChicago, 128Me Leansboro, 230PROHIBITIONIST, NATIONALChicago, 86PROMULGATORMetropolis City, 241PROPERTY SELLERAtlanta, 13PROTESTANTChicago, 68PROTESTANT MONITORAlton, 6Greenville, 193PROVINCEGalesburg, 186Knoxville, 216PROVISION REVIEW, GRAIN ANDChicago, 126PUBLICClinton, 151Pana, 151, 272PUBLIC AND CENTRAL TRANSCRIPT,DE WITT COUNTYClinton, 152PUBLIC LEDGER, ILLINOISCanton, 39Lewistown, 222PUBLIC REAPERFanner City, 178PUBLIC RECORDWarsaw, 349PUBLIC REGISTER, ILLINOISLewistown, 222PUBLIC SCHOOL JOURNALBloomington, 30PUBLIC SCHOOL MESSENGERKewanee, 215PUBLISHERS' AUXILIARYChicago, 104PUBLISHERS' MONTHLYChicago, 137PULASKI DEMOCRATCaledonia, 38PULASKI ENTERPRISEMound City, 250PULASKI PATRIOTMound City, 249PULPIT, CHICAGOChicago, 113PULPIT, GOSPELChicago, 92PULPIT, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 77

PULPIT, WESTERNChicago, 88PURCHASING AGENT, RAILWAYChicago, 143PUTNAM COUNTY REGISTERHenry, 198PUTNAM COUNTY STANDARDHennepin, 198PUTNAM RECORDHennepin, 198QUID NUNCChicago, 54Qui VIVEUpper Alton, 338QUIVERING LEAFSt. Charles, 309RADICAL, CHRISTIANPolo, 287RADICALKewanee, 214RADICAL REPUBLICANCairo, 38Mattoon, 239RADICAL REVIEW, ALLIANCEChicago, 114RAIL SPLITTERChicago, 77RAILROAD AGE GAZETTEINDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 501ANDChicago, 133RAILROAD AND MERCHANTS' JOUR-NALChicago, 98RAILROAD CONDUCTOR'S BROTHER-HOOD MAGAZINEChicago, 132RAILROAD GAZETTEChicago, 73, 133RAILROAD GAZETTE, WESTERNChicago, 72RAILROAD JOURNAL, AMERICAN EN-GINEER ANDChicago, 108RAILROAD JOURNAL, FAYETTE YEO-MAN ANDVandalia, 343RAILROAD MONTHLYChicago, 113RAILROADERChicago, 143RAILROADER AND RAILWAY EN-TERPRISEChicago, 143RAILWAY ADVERTISING BULLETINChicago, 147RAILWAY AGEChicago, 132RAILWAY AND ENGINEERING REVIEWChicago, 93RAILWAY ENTERPRISEChicago, 143RAILWAY ENTERPRISE, RAILROADERANDChicago, 143RAILWAY JOURNAL, ENGINEERINGNEWS AND AMERICANChicago, 121RAILWAY MASTER MECHANICChicago, 143RAILWAY PURCHASING AGENTChicago, 143RAILWAY REGISTER, INSURANCEChicago, 77RAILWAY REVIEWChicago, 93RAILWAY REVIEW, CHICAGOChicago, 93RAILWAY TIMESChicago, 143RAILWAY WORLD, ST. LouisEast St. Louis, 165RAM'S HORNChicago, 301RANDOLPH COUNTY DEMOCRATChester, 51RANDOLPH COUNTY JOURNALSparta, 320RANDOLPH COUNTY RECORDSparta, 320RANDOLPH COUNTY ZEITUNGChester, 52RANDOLPH FREE PRESSKaskaskia, 213RANDOLPH PLAINDEALERSparta, 320RANTOULIANRantoul, 295RAPALEE'S JOKINELLOANDOregon, 269RAPID WRITERChicago, 128RAPID WRITER AND PHILOLOGICALMAGAZINEChicago, 128

502 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRAPID WRITER AND TACHYGRAPHERChicago, 128RAPID WRITER AND TAKIGRAFERChicago, 128RARESEKChicago, 133RATTA HEMLANDET, DETChicago, 74Galesburg, 185RATTLESNAKEPeru, 282RAY, THEChicago, 104REAL ESTATE ADVERTISER, CHRIS-TIAN COUNTYTaylorville, 334REAL ESTATE AND BUILDING JOUR-NALChicago, 93REAL ESTATE AND MINING REVIEWChicago, 147REAL ESTATE BULLETINPaxton, 276REAL ESTATE INDEXFarmer City, 177REAL ESTATE JOURNALBloomington, 31Oilman, 190REAL ESTATE JOURNAL AND WEEK-LY BULLETINChicago, 143REAL ESTATE NEWSEvanston, 174REAL ESTATE NEWS LETTER ANDINSURANCE MONITORChicago, 71REAL ESTATE REGISTERChicago, 128REAL ESTATE REGISTER OF THENORTHWESTChicago, 71REAPER, PUBLICFarmer City, 178REAPER, YOUNGChicago, 100RECORDAledo, 2Arcola, nAssumption, 12Bluffs, 32Bushnell, 34Chicago, 66, 78, 92, 113, 127Clayton, 151Compton, 153t Dundee, 163Fairfield, 177Joliet, 208tKenney, 214Mt. Sterling, 254New Rutland, 262Paxton, 275'Rushville, 308Seneca, 313Shabbona, 313Sterling, 328Troy, 337Virden, 345RECORD, ALTON TELEGRAPH ANDMADISON COUNTYAlton, 4RECORD AND FAMILY JOURNAL,CAPITOLSpringfield, 325RECORD AND HOTEL REGISTER, DAILYChicago, 78RECORD AND NEWSSeneca, 313RECORD, ARMYAurora, 16RECORD, CHICAGO MERCHANTS' ANDMANUFACTURERS'Chicago, 92RECORD, CHURCHChicago, 72RECORD, COLLEGEWheaton, 355RECORD, COMMERCIALMonmouth, 246RECORD, COOK COUNTYDes Plaines, 161RECORD, DRUIDICQuincy, 294RECORD, EVENINGChicago, 78RECORD, FAITH'SChicago, 107RECORD, FOUNDLING'SChicago, 106RECORD-HERALDArcola, nChicago, 66, 127, 128RECORD, HOMEOPATHICChicago, 141RECORD, KENDALL COUNTYYorkville, 285, 361

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 503RECORD, LITERARYChicago, 147RECORD, LOCALShawneetown, 316RECORD, MACEDONIAN ANDChicago, 97RECORD, MASONICChicago, 117RECORD, MERCHANTS' AND MANU-FACTURERS'Chicago, 78RECORD, POSTALChicago, 93RECORD, POULTRYFarmington, 179RECORD, PRICE CURRENT AND MANU-FACTURERS'Chicago, 78, 87RECORD, PUBLICWarsaw, 349RECORD, PUTNAMHennepin, 198RECORD, RANDOLPH COUNTYSparta, 320RECORD, SOUTH SIDEChicago, 128Englewood, 173RECORD, SPIRITUALChicago, 148RECORD, SUCKER AND FARMERS'Pittsfield, 284RECORD, TEMPERANCEChicago, 129RECORD, UNION COUNTYAnna, 10Jonesboro, 209RECORD, WESTERN POSTALChicago, 95RECORDERBelvidere, 25Du Quoin, 163, 164Kaskaskia, 212RECORDER, Du PAGE COUNTYNaperville, 257RECORDER, ILLINOIS MEDICALVandalia, 343RECORDER, MADISON COUNTYEdwardsville, 167RECORDER, NEWS AND CENTRALPayson, 276RECORDER, PRESBYTERIANChicago, 78RECORDER, TRIBUNE ANDDu Quoin, 163RECREATION, HOURS OFChicago, 146REFLECTOR, WILSON'SChicago, 119REFORMBelleville, 24Chicago, 87REFORM INVESTIGATORMorrison, 248REFORMED MISSIONARYHenry, 199REFORMER,Aurora, 15Milton, 243Sycamore, 331REFORMER AND FREE PRESSSycamore, 331REFORMER, LIBERALMorris, ci, 247REFORMER, POLITICALExeter, 175REGISTERAbingdon, iAva, 17Bement, 26Canton Ixxix, 39Clement, 151Clinton, 152, 214Effingham, 169Fairneld, 177Galesburg, 184, 185, 186, 267Jerseyville, 207Kenney, 214Kinrnundy, 215Lane, 218Loda, 228Marseilles, 235Minonk, 243Mt. Carmel, 250Mt. Vernon, 256Moweaqua, 256Peoria, Ixvi, n., Ixx, Lxxi, 278Rochelle, 297Rock Island, 304Rockford, Ixxvii, 298, 299Salem, 310Savanna, 312Sparta, 320Tiskilwa, 335Toledo, 335Tonica, 335Waukegan, 352White Hall, 209, 305, 306, 355

54 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSREGISTER AND ADVERTISER, MEDICALAnna, 10REGISTER AND ILLINOIS ADVOCATE,ILLINOIS STATEVandalia, 342REGISTER AND NORTHWESTERN GA-ZETTEERPeoria, 278REGISTER AND PEOPLE'S ADVOCATE,ILLINOIS STATEVandalia, 342REGISTER, ARMYAurora, 16REGISTER, CAMPCairo, 36REGISTER, CHRISTIANChicago, 126REGISTER, CLEMENTHuey, 201REGISTER, COMMERCIALChicago, 63REGISTER, DAILY EXPRESS ANDCOMMERCIALChicago, 63REGISTER, DAILY RECORD ANDHOTELChicago, 78REGISTER, DE WITTClinton, 152REGISTER, EASTERN ILLINOISPaxton, 275REGISTER-GAZETTERockford, 299, 301REGISTER, ILLINOIS ADVOCATE ANDSTATESpringfield, 322Vandalia, 322, 341REGISTER, ILLINOIS BOUNTY LANDQuincy, liii, 290REGISTER, ILLINOIS PUBLICLewistown, 222REGISTER, ILLINOIS STATESpringfield, Ixx, 167, 322Vandalia, 342REGISTER, ILLINOIS VALLEYWinchester, 357REGISTER, INDEPENDENT TRADEChicago, 107REGISTER, INSURANCE AND RAILWAYChicago, 77REGISTER, MEDICALChicago, 112REGISTER, MCLEAN COUNTYBloomington, 28REGISTER, MUSEUM AND HOTELChicago, 79REGISTER OF THE NORTHWEST,REAL ESTATEChicago, 71REGISTER, POST-OFFICEPana, 273REGISTER, PUTNAM COUNTYHenry, 198REGISTER, REAL ESTATEChicago, 128REGISTER, REPUBLICAN-Galesburg, 185, 186REGISTER, ROCK RIVERGrand Detour, 191Mt. Morris, 252REGISTER, SALINE COUNTYHarrisburg, 196REGISTER, TAZEWELLPekin, Ixxix, 276REGISTER, WELLS' MARINEChicago, 77RELIGIO-PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNALChicago, 84RELIGIO POLITICO PARTYChicago, 113REPERTORYPrinceton, 290REPORT AND MARKET REVIEW,DAILY COMMERCIALChicago, 86REPORT, BOARD OF TRADEChicago, 100REPORT OF SUITS, JUDGMENTS,CHATTEL MORTGAGES ETCChicago, 75REPORTERAbingdon, iBraidwood, 33Charleston, 50Chicago, 94Chillicothe, 150Clifton, 151Farmer City, 178Franklin Grove, 180La Salle, 219Mendota, 240Minonk, 244Momence, 245Raymond, 295Virden, 345Woodhull, 358

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 505REPORTER, AMERICAN BOTTOMIllinoistown, 202REPORTER, AMERICAN CABINETMAKER, UPHOLSTERER ANDCARPETChicago, 100REPORTER AND COUNTERFEIT DETEC-TOR, BANK NOTEChicago, 74REPORTER AND INSURANCE JOUR-NAL, PHILLIPS' NORTHWESTERNMONEYChicago, 75REPORTER, A. O. U. VV. AND I. O.M. A.Lincoln, 225REPORTER, BANK NOTEChicago, 74, 79REPORTER, CHURCHQuincy, 293REPORTER, COMMERCIALCHICAGO, 100REPORTER, COMMERCIAL BULLETINAND NORTHWESTERNChicago, 69REPORTER, DAILY HOTELChicago, 112REPORTER, DRY GOODSChicago, 1 06REPORTER, EDGAR COUNTYParis, 274REPORTER, ILLINOISKaskaskia, xxviii, xlix, 212REPORTER, ILLINOIS SYNOPTICALSpringfield, 326REPORTER, LIVE STOCKChicago, 123REPORTER, LIVE STOCK AND PRO-DUCEChicago, 123REPORTER, MARKETChicago, 92REPORTER, MCELROY'S BANK NOTEChicago, 74, 79REPORTER, NATIONAL CROPJacksonville, 205REPORTER, NATIONAL HOTELChicago, 112REPORTER, NATIONAL STOCKYARDEast St. Louis, 165REPORTER, NORTH SIDEChicago, 142REPORTER, NORTHWESTERN MONEYChicago, 75, 77REPORTER, OGLE COUNTYOregon, 269REPORTER, PRESS-Momence, 245REPORTER, TAZEWELLPekin, 276REPORTER, WELLS' COMMERCIALEXPRESS AND WESTERN PRODUCEChicago, 72REPORTER, WESLEYAN SEMINARYRockford, 299REPORTER, WESTERN CLOTHING, FUR-NISHING AND HATChicago, 148REPORTER, YOUTH'SChicago, 113REPOSITORY, CONDUCTOR'S MAG-AZINE ANDChicago, 145REPOSITORY, DEMOCRATICCanton, 39REPOSITORY, FARMERS AND MECHAN-ICSBelleville, 21REPOSITORY, LADIES'Chicago, 86REPOSITORY, MC&ENDREELebanon, 221REPRESENTATIVEHamilton, 195REPRESENTATIVE AND BELLEVILLENEWSBelleville, 20REPRESENTATIVE AND GAZETTEBelleville, 20REPUBLICBloomington, 31Elgin, 171Galesburg, 186Geneseo, 188Geneva, 189Joliet, 208REPUBLIC, ADVOCATE-Geneseo, 188REPUBLIC AND SUNJoliet, 208REPUBLIC, EGYPTIANCentralia, 47REPUBLIC, IRISHaL Chicago, 9

506 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSREPUBLIC, NEWChicago, 90REPUBLIC, SPIRITUALChicago, 84REPUBLICANAurora, 14Belleville, 24Belvidere, 25Benton, 27Bloomington, 29Braidwood, 33Canton, 40Carthage, 45, 46, 217Charleston, 50Chicago, xciv, 55, 77, 85, noDavis, 156Decatur, 158Delavan, 160Dixon, 161Dundee, 163Du Quoin, 26, 164, 284Edwards ville, 168Effingham, 169Farmer City, 177Fairfield, 177Galesburg, 186Geneva, 189Grayville, 192Henry, 198Jerseyville, 191, 207Joliet, 208Kaskaskia, xxviii, xlviii, xlix, 51,212, 213Lewistown, 222Majority Point, 232Marengo, 233Moline, 244Monticello, 247Mt. Carmel, 251Murphysboro, 257Olney, 265Oquawka, IxxviiOttawa, 270, 271Peoria, Ixx, Ixxvii, 279Petersburg, 283Quincy, 291, 292Rock Island, 303Rockford, Ixxvii, 298Springfield, 324Sterling, 327Urbana, 339Warren, 348Washington, 350Waterloo, 350Watseka, 242, 351White Hall, 356Winchester, 357Woodstock, 360REPUBLICAN ADVERTISERBloomington, 29REPUBLICAN ADVOCATEKaskaskia, 212REPUBLICAN AND GAZETTESterling, 327REPUBLICAN AND SENTINELSycamore, 331REPUBLICAN ATLASMonmouth, 246REPUBLICAN ATLAS-ADVANCEMonmouth, 246REPUBLICAN BEACONParis, 274REPUBLICAN, BROWN COUNTYMt. Sterling, 254REPUBLICAN, BUREAU COUNTYPrinceton, 289REPUBLICAN, CUMBERLANDMajority Point, 232REPUBLICAN, DE KALB COUNTYSycamore, 331REPUBLICAN, DE WITT COUNTYClinton, 178REPUBLICAN, EGYPTIANAlbion, 2REPUBLICAN-ERAMurphysboro, 257REPUBLICAN-EXAMINERJerseyville, 207REPUBLICAN FREE PRESSWoodstock, 359REPUBLICAN, GREENE COUNTYGreenfield, 193REPUBLICAN, ILLINOISBelleville, 22Edwardsville, xxviii. xlvi, xlviii, 166Rushville, 307Shawneetown, 315Springfield, Ixxxvii, 322Taylorville, 333Woodstock, 359REPUBLICAN, ILLINOIS CHAMPIONAND PEORIAPeoria, 278REPUBLICAN, IROQUOISMiddleport, 242Watseka, 351REPUBLICAN, KANE COUNTYGeneva, 189, 309

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 57REPUBLICAN, KNOXKnoxville, 216REPUBLICAN, LAKE COUNTYWaukegan, 353REPUBLICAN, LOGAN COUNTYLincoln, 225REPUBLICAN, MARION COUNTYSalem, 310, 311REPUBLICAN, MARSHALL COUNTYHenry, 198REPUBLICAN, MASON COUNTYHavana, 197REPUBLICAN, MASSAC JOURNALMetropolis, 241REPUBLICAN, MENARDPetersburg, 283REPUBLICAN MONITORLitchfield, 226REPUBLICAN-NORTHWESTERNBelvidere, 25REPUBLICAN, NORTHWESTERNMt. Morris, 252REPUBLICAN, OKAWSullivan, 330REPUBLICAN, PIATT COUNTYMonticello, 247REPUBLICAN, PIKE COUNTYPittsfield, 285REPUBLICAN, RADICALCairo, 38Mattoon, 239REPUBLICAN-REGISTERGalesburg, 185, 186REPUBLICAN, RURALLawrenceville, 220REPUBLICAN SENTINELSycamore, 331REPUBLICAN SUNKansas, 211REPUBLICAN, TAZEWELL COUNTYPekin, 277REPUBLICAN-TIMESOttawa, 271REPUBLICAN, TRUESycamore, 331REPUBLICAN UNIONAurora, 14REPUBLICAN, WABASHMt. Carmel, 250REPUBLICAN, WABASH VALLEYParis, 274REPUBLICAN, WAYNE COUNTYFairfield, 177REPUBLICAN, WHIG-Quincy, 291REPUBLICANER, ILLINOISBelleville, 24REPUBLIKANEN i NORRA AMERIKA,DEN SVENSKEGalesburg, 187REPUBLIKANEN, SVENSKAChicago, 70RESTITUTIONChicago, 89, 109REVEILLEBloomington, 28Carlyle, 43Chester, 320Havana, 197La Rose, 219Lebanon, 221Pekin, 276Somonauk, 319Washburn, 349REVEILLE AND HOMESTEAD AD-VOCATEChester, 51REVIEWChicago, 143Davis, 156Decatur, 158, 160De Kalb, 232Galesburg, 186Girard, 190, 263Hinckley, 201, 351Kankakee, 210Lexington, 223Litchfield, 226Moline, 244, 245Monmouth, 246Onarga, n, 34, 151, 267Peoria, 281Red Bud, 295, 296Roodhouse, ci, 306St. Charles, 309Wilmington, 356REVIEW, ALLIANCE AND RADICALChicago, 114REVIEW, AMERICAN EDUCATIONALChicago, 148REVIEW, AMERICAN SPIRIT ANDWINE TRADEChicago, 78REVIEW AND METALLURGIST, MIN-INGChicago, 141

5o8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSREVIEW AND PRICE CURRENT,MARKETChicago, 76REVIEW, ARTChicago, 100REVIEW, CENTRAL ILLINOISOnarga, 267REVIEW, CHICAGO DAILY COMMER-CIAL REPORT AND MARKETChicago, 70REVIEW, CHICAGO MINING,Chicago, 141REVIEW, CHICAGO RAILWAYChicago, 93REVIEW, CHICAGO RIBBONChicago, 143REVIEW, COLLEGEUpper Alton, 338REVIEW, COMMERCIALQuincy, 293REVIEW, CONGREGATIONALChicago, 75REVIEW, DAILY COMMERCIAL REPORTAND MARKETChicago, 86REVIEW-DISPATCHMoline, 245REVIEW, DOLTON-RIVERDALEDolton, 162REVIEW, DOUGLAS COUNTYTuscola, 337REVIEW, DRUGGIST AND PAINT ANDOILChicago, 146REVIEW, EVENINGPeoria, 281REVIEW, FARMERS'Chicago, 135REVIEW, GRAIN AND PROVISIONChicago, 126REVIEW, GRAND PRAIRIEOnarga, 267REVIEW, GROCER AND MERCANTILEChicago, 122REVIEW, HIGGINS' MUSICALChicago, 87REVIEW, ICARTANNauvoo, 261REVIEW, ILLINOIS ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 124REVIEW, ILLINOIS TRADEBloomington, 31REVIEW, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 124REVIEW, IRON TRADEChicago, 115REVIEW, KNOX COUNTYKnoxville, 216REVIEW, LEADER ANDOnarga, 267REVIEW, LIQUOR TRADEChicago, 123REVIEW, LITERARYChicago, 147REVIEW, LITERARY AND MUSICALChicago, 147REVIEW, LOCALDecatur, 158REVIEW, McDoNouGH INDEPENDENTAND DEMOCRATICMacomb, 231REVIEW, METHODIST QUARTERLYChicago, 103REVIEW, MININGChicago, 141REVIEW, MUSICALChicago, 71, 87, 137REVIEW, NATIONAL HARNESSChicago, 147REVIEW, NEW CHURCH INDEPENDENTAND REVIEWChicago, 67REVIEW, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 90REVIEW, RAILWAYChicago, 93REVIEW, RAILWAY AND ENGINEER-INGChicago, 93REVIEW, REAL ESTATE AND MININGChicago, 147REVIEW, ROCK RIVERSterling, 328REVIEW, SATURDAY EVENINGChicago, 77REVIEW, UNITED STATESChicago, 82REVIEW, WESTERN POSTALD wight, 164REVIEW, WESTERN SHOE ANDLEATHERChicago, 138REVIEW, WESTERN SUNDAYChicago, 100

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 509REVIEW, WESTERN WORLD ANDDE KALBDe Kalb, 160REVIEW, WINE AND SPIRITChicago, 78RIBBON REVIEW, CHICAGOChicago, 143RICHLAND COUNTY REPUBLICANOlney, 266RlVERDALE REVIEW, DOLTON-Dolton, 162ROCKArcola, nROCK ISLANDERRock Island, 303, 304ROCK RIVER DEMOCRATRockford, 299ROCK RIVER EXPRESSRockford, 298ROCK RIVER FARMERDixon, 162ROCK RIVER MIRRORRockford, 300ROCK RIVER REGISTERGrand Detour, 191Mt. Morris, 252ROCK RIVER REVIEWSterling, 328ROCKFORD COLLEGIANRockford, 301ROCKFORD SEMINARY MAGAZINERockford, 301ROLLING MILL JOURNALChicago, 128ROST, FOLKETSChicago, 131ROUNDS' PRINTERS CABINETChicago, 70RUNDSCHAULincoln, 224RUNDSCHAU, VOLKSBLATT-Lincoln, 224RURAL AND AMERICAN STOCKMAN,WESTERNChicago, 80RURAL AND FAMILY WEEKLY PAPER,WESTERNChicago, 80RURAL MESSENGERPlymouth, 286RURAL MESSENGER, BONHAM'SChicago, 91RURAL MESSENGER, DOLLARHamilton, 195RURAL OUTLOOK, FARMERS' VOICEANDChicago, 78RURAL PRESSCentralia, 46, 296RURAL REPUBLICANLawrenceville, 220RURAL WEST AND WEEKLY JOURNALQuincy, 292RURAL, WESTERNChicago, 80, 140RURAL, YOUNG FOLKS'Chicago, 105RURALISTST.Palestine, 272CLAIR BANNERBelleville, 21, 22, 22, n.ST. CLAIR GAZETTEBelleveille, 20CLAIR MERCURYBelleville, 20CLAIR TRIBUNEST.ST.Belleville, 23East St. Louis, 165ST. Louis RAILWAY WORLDEast St. Louis, 165SAINTS' HERALD, TRUE LATTER DAYPiano, 285SALINE COUNTY REGISTERHarrisburg, 196SALINE COUNTY SENTINELHarrisburg, 196SANDEBUDETChicago, 82Rockford, 300SANGAMO GAZETTE, JOURNAL ANDLITTLESpringfield, 321SANGAMO JOURNALSpringfield, Ixxxvii, n., 321, 333SANGAMO MONITORSpringfield, 325SANGAMO SPECTATORSpringfield, xxxiv, xxxviii, liii, 321SANGAMON JOURNALSpringfield, 321SANGAMON VALLEY TIMESChandlerville, 49SANMUNG, NAD OCHChicago, 137

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSATURDAY EVENING CALLPeoria, 281SATURDAY EVENING CHRONOTYPEChicago, 72SATURDAY EVENING HERALDChicago, 124SATURDAY EVENING MAILChicago, 68SATURDAY EVENING REVIEWChicago, 77SATURDAY HERALDDecatur, 159SATURDAY REPUBLICANTaylorville, 333SATURDAY STARGilman, 190SATURDAY TRUTH AND SUNDAY EYEBloomington, 32SATURDAY VISITORChampaign, 48SCHIBBOLOTHChicago, 143SCHOLARChicago, 94SCHOLAR, BIBLE CLASSChicago, 145SCHOLAR, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 94SCHOOL ADVOCATE, COMMONJacksonville, 203SCHOOL FESTIVALChicago, 102SCHOOL FESTIVAL, LITTLE COR-PORAL'SChicago, 102SCHOOL JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERNHOME ANDChicago, 75SCHOOL MESSENGER, PUBLICKewanee, 215SCHOOL WORLDChicago, 128SCHOOLMASTERBloomington, 30, 264Chicago, 104Normal, 280SCHOOLMASTER, CHICAGOChicago, 104, 264SCHOOLMASTER, ILLINOISChicago, 104, 280Normal, 264SCHUTZE UNO JAGD ZEITUNG, WEST-LICHEChicago, 144SCHUETZEN ZEITUNG, HIGHLANDBOTE UNOHighland, 199SCHUYLER ADVOCATERushville, 307SCHUYLER CITIZENRushville, 307SCHUYLER COUNTY DEMOCRATRushville, 307SCIENCE AND PROGRESSChicago, 133SCIENCE, JOURNAL OFChicago, 136SCIENTIFIC FARMERChicago, 118SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL, WESTERNPeoria, 281SCIENTIFIC MANUFACTURERChicago, 124SCOTT COUNTY ARROWManchester, 232, 356Winchester, 358SCOTT COUNTY NEWSWinchester, 357SCOTT COUNTY UNIONWinchester, 357SECOND DISTRICT DEMOCRATElgin, 170SEMINARY GAZETTEOnarga, 267SEMINARY MAGAZINE, ROCKFORDRockford, 301SEMINARY REPORTER, WESLEYANRockford, 299SENTINELAshton, 12Avon, 17Centralia, 44, 47Chicago, ci, 143Galena, 183Jacksonville, Ixxix, 205Lacon, 217Lincoln, 225Low Point, 229Morris, 248Mt. Pulaski, 253Mt. Sterling, 253Mt. Vernon, 255Murphysboro, 257

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSNaperville, 257Polo, 286SETTLERS'DOLLARMEMORIAL, GREGG'SMONTHLY AND OLDMetamora. 241, 349Pontiac, 288Hamilton, 195Sycamore, 331SEVEN SOUNDSWarren, n, 348Chicago, 87Washburn, 241, 349Wenona, 354SEVRIGE, NYAWindsor, 153, 318, 358Woodford, 358Woodstock, 359Rockford, 301SEWING MACHINE ADVANCEChicago, 147SENTINEL AND PRESSSEWING MACHINE JOURNALPontiac, 288Chicago, 125SENTINEL AND WABASH ADVOCATE SHARP'S WEEKLY STATESMANMt. Carmel, 250Lincoln, 225SENTINEL, CHRISTIANSHAWNEE CHIEFEureka, 280Shawneetown, 314, 314,Peoria, 280SHAWNEE HERALDSENTINEL, CHRONICLE-Shawneetown. 316Harrisburg, 196SHAWNEE NEWSSENTINEL, DEKALB COUNTYShawneetown, 315De Kalb, 160SHELBY BANNERSENTINEL, DOLLARShelbyville, 316Windsor, 358SHELBY COUNTY INDEPENDENTSENTINEL, ILLINOISShelbyville, 317Jacksonville, 205Vandalia, 342SHELBY COUNTY LEADERSENTINEL, IRISHChicago, 96SENTINEL, LA SALLE COUNTYPeru, 282SENTINEL-LEADERWarren, 348Shelbyville, 316, 317SHELBY COUNTY UNIONShelbyville, 317SHIELDTuscola, 337SHIELD, DOUGLAS COUNTYSENTINEL, LIBERTY'STuscola, 337Jacksonville, 203SHIPPERS' AND MAIL GUIDE, TRAV-SENTINEL, MISSIONARYAnna, 10SENTINEL, MACKINAWLexington, 223ELLERS'Chicago, 129SHOAFF'S FAMILY GAZETTEDecatur, 156SENTINEL, PIKE COUNTYSHOE AND LEATHER REVIEW,Pittsfield, 285WESTERNSENTINEL, REPUBLICANChicago, 138Sycamore, 331SHOEIST, ILLUSTRATED BOOT ANDSENTINEL, REPUBLICAN ANDSycamore, 331SENTINEL, SALINE COUNTYChicago, 136SHOEMAKER, CHRISTIANChicago, 65Harrisburg, 196SHOPPING GUIDE, LADIES' FRIENDSENTINEL, WABASHANDHutsonville, 201Chicago, inSENTINEL, WHITESIDEMorrison, 248SENTINEL, WOODFORDSlDEWALKINGSGalesburg, 186SIEGEDanville, 155

512 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSIGNALChicago, 148Joliet, 207Roodhouse, 305, 356Warsaw, 348SIGNAL, PERRY COUNTYPinckneyville, 284SIGNS OF THE TIMES, OUR RESTANDChicago, 124SILVER LEAFLincoln, 224SKANDIAMoline, 88, 245SKANDINAVENChicago, 87SKIRMISHER, DAILYQuincy, 293SKOL-VANNENRock Island, 304SLOAN'S GARDEN CITYChicago, 67SMAX MONEY MAKERS' JOURNALChicago, 104SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALChicago, 137SOCIALISTChicago, 143SOCIALIST, CHICAGOERChicago, 133SOKOL AMERICKYChicago, 148SOLDIERS' ADVOCATEFreeport, 181SOLDIERS' FRIEND, GEM OF THEWEST ANDChicago, 89SOLDIERS' FRIEND, WESTERNChicago, 89SONG MESSENGERChicago, 80SONG MESSENGER OF THE NORTH-WESTChicago, 80SONNEPeoria, 281SONNTAGSBOTEChicago, 107SONNTAGS-GLOCKKPeoria, 282SONNTAGS-ZEITUNGPeoria, 281SONS OF TEMPERANCE, ILLINOISLebanon, 221SONTAGSBLATTFreeport, 181SOROSISChicago, 91, 94SOUTH LAWN TRIBUNEChicago, 128SOUTH SIDE DAILY SuxChicago, 98SOUTH SIDE NEWSChicago. 118Hyde Park, 202SOUTH SIDE RECORDChicago, 128Englewood, 173SOUTHERN ILLINOIS ADVOCATEChester, 51Shawneetown, 315SOUTHERN ILLINOIS FARMEREffingham, 170SOUTHERN ILLINOIS JOURNALFlora, 179Odin, 265SOUTHERN ILLINOISANShawneetown, Ixxix, 315SOUTHERN ILLINOISAN, JACKSONCOUNTY ERA ANDMurphysboro, 257SOUTH-WEST, GREATChicago, 126SOVEREIGN PEOPLEEdwards ville, 167SOVEREIGN, SQUATTERHavana, 197SPECIMENChicago, 91SPECTATORAlton, liii, 3Chicago, 98Danville, 155Edwardsville, xxviii, xxix, xxxiv,xli, xliv, xlvi, 166, 314Galesburg, 185Oquawka, 267Salem, 310SPECTATOR AND KEITHSBURG OBSER-VER, OQUAWKAOquawka, 268SPECTATOR, MACOUPIN COUNTYCarlinville, 41SPECTATOR, SANGAMOSpringfield, xxxiv. xxxviii, liii, 321

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSSPIKEProphetstown, 290SPIRIT ADVOCATERockford, 299, 353SPIRIT AND WINE TRADE REVIEW,AMERICANChicago, 78SPIRIT AND WINE TRADE, WESTERNChicago, 78SPIRIT OF '76,Belleville, 21SPIRIT OF TEMPERANCE REFORMChicago, 57SPIRIT OF THE AGRICULTURAL PRESSChampaign, 47SPIRIT OF THE GRANGEBloomington, 32SPIRIT OF THE PRESSGalena, 184SPIRIT OF THE TURF, DUNTON'SChicago, 131SPIRIT OF THE WESTNaples, 258SPIRIT OF THE WEST AND ILLINOISSTANDARDJacksonville, 204, 258SPIRIT REVIEW, WINE ANDChicago, 78SPIRIT WORLD, NEWS FROM THEChicago, 92SPIRITUAL RECORDChicago, 148SPIRITUAL REPUBLICChicago, 84SPIRITUAL ROSTRUMChicago, 98SPORTING TIMES, WESTERNChicago, 119SPY, EGYPTIANTamaroa, 332SPY. WESTERNMt. Sterling, 253SQUATTER SOVEREIGNHavana, 197STAATS ANZEIGER, ILLINOISSpringfield, 324STAATS DEMOCRAT, ILLINOISSpringfield, 325STAATS WOCHENBLATTSpringfield, 325, 326STAATS-ZEITUNG, CHICAGOChicago, Ixxv. n., Ixxvii, 61, 106,107, 125STAG WEEKLYChicago, 118STAMP NEWSRockford, 302STANDARDBelvidere, Ixxix, 25Benton, 26, 26, n.Blue Island, 32Clayton, 150Chicago, 6 1La Salle, 219Lockport, 227Paxton, 275Sterling, 328Winchester, 358STANDARD BEARER, WESTERN PIO-NEER AND BAPTISTAlton, 305STANDARD, DEMOCRATLa Salle, 219STANDARD, DEMOCRATICGeneseo, 188Paris, 274Rockford, 300STANDARD, ILLINOISJacksonville, 203STANDARD, JACKSONJacksonville, 204STANDARD, PUTNAM COUNTYHennepin, 198STANDARD, SPIRIT OF THE WESTAND ILLINOISJacksonville, 204, 258STANDARD, TEMPERANCEBloomington, 30Chicago, 99STARBloomington, 32Dundee, 163D wight, 164Galena, 183Gilman, 190Lena, 221Marion, 233Mt. Pulaski, 253Mt. Vernon, 255Odin, 265Peoria, 280Rockford, Ixxxvii, 298. 301Tamaroa, 332Winchester, 358

514 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSTAR AND COVENANTChicago, 62STAR AND HERALDDwight, 164STAR-COURIERKewanee, 215STAR, DOLLARMt. Pulaski, 253STAR, ILLINOISAN-Beardstwon, 19STAR, MORNINGChicago, 127Rockford, 301STAR, MYSTICChicago, 8 1STAR OF BETHLEHEM AND CANDIDEXAMINER, 8Alton, 8STAR OF DALLASDallas, 154STAR OF EGYPTBelleville, 24STAR OF THE WESTBeardstown, 19Edwardsville, xxviii, 166Geneseo, 188LaHarpe, 217Sparta, 320STAR, SATURDAYOilman, 190STAR SPANGLED BANNERLawrenceville, 220STAR, SUNDAY MORNINGBloomington, 32STAR, WESTERNJacksonville, 204STARS AND STRIPESDu Quoin, 163STARK COUNTY BEEWyoming, 360STARK COUNTY DEMOCRATToulon, 187, 336STARK COUNTY NEWSToulon, 335, 336STARK COUNTY UNIONToulon, 336STATE ARGUSSpringfield, 326STATE BULLETINBloomington, 28STATE CHRONICLE, ILLINOISDecatur, Ixxvii, 157STATE DEMOCRAT, ILLINOISMarshall, 236Springfield, 324STATE GAZETTE AND JACKSONVILLENEWS, ILLINOISJacksonville, xxxii, 203STATE GAZETTE, ILLINOISJacksonville, 203Shawneetown, 315STATE JOURNAL, ILLINOISMarshall, 235, 236Springfield, Ixx, 321STATE REGISTERSpringfield, Ixx, 167STATE REGISTER, ILLINOISSpringfield, 322Vandalia, 342STATE REGISTER, ILLINOIS ADVO-CATE ANDSpringfield, 322Vandalia, 322, 341STATE REGISTER AND ILLINOIS AD-VOCATE, ILLINOISVandalia, 342STATE REGISTER AND PEOPLE'S AD-VOCATE, ILLINOISVandalia, 342STATESChicago, 137STATESMANLacon, 150, 319Lincoln, 224, 225Mt. Vernon, 255STATESMAN, ILLINOISBloomington, 29Jacksonville, Ixxiii, 204Lacon, 217Paris, 273, 274STATESMAN, ILLINOIS UNIONIST ANDSpringfield, 323STATESMAN, INDEPENDENTTuscola, 337STATESMAN, MACOUPINCarlinville, 41STATESMAN, OLDQuincy, 291STATESMAN, SHARP'S WEEKLYLincoln, 225STATIONER AND PRINTER, WESTERNChicago, 149STATIONER, BOOKSELLER ANDChicago, 145

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSSTEPHENSON GAZETTE, BANNER ANDRock Island, 302STERN, DERBelleville, 22, 24STERN DES WESTENSBelleville, 22, 24Quincy, 291STIMME DES VOLKSChicago, 77STOCK YARD REPORTER, NATIONALEast St. Louis, 165STOCK YARDS DAILY SUN, UNIONChicago, 98STOCK YARDS EXCHANGE, UNIONChicago, 91STOCKMAN, AMERICANChicago, 145STOCKMAN, FARM, FIELD, ANDChicago, 140STOCKMAN, WESTERN RURAL ANDAMERICANChicago, 80STREAM OF LIGHTIpava, 202STUDENTChicago, 118Urbana, 339STUDENT, KNOXGalesburg, 186STUDENTS' JOURNALBloomington, 31STUDIES, ILLUSTRATED BIBLEChicago, 122SUBURBAN IDEAEvanston, 174SUCKERAlton, 6McLeansboro, 229SUCKER AND FARMERS' RECORDPittsfield, 284SUCKER LIFE BOATAlton, 7SUCKER STATEDallas, 154Le Roy, 221Mahomet, 232Mt. Vernon, 256SUED ILLINOIS ZEITUNGCarlyle, 44SUNBelleville, 23Cairo, 35, 37, 38Chicago, 98, 319Chillicothe, 150Decatur, 159Dixon, 162Galena, 184Geneseo, 188Greenville, 194Hyde Park, 98, 202Joliet, 208Mendota, 240Peoria, 281Waukegan, 353SUN AND COMMERCIALCairo, 37SUN-BULLETINMendota, 240SUN, CALUMETChicago, 98SUN, CICEROChicago, 98SUN, COOK COUNTYChicago, 98SUN, DOLLARChicago, 98SUN, DOLLAR WEEKLYChicago, 98SUN, JEFFERSONChicago, 98SUN, LAKEChicago, 98SUN, LAKE VIEWChicago, 98SUN, MAINEChicago, 98SUN, REPUBLIC ANDJoliet, 208SUN, REPUBLICANKansas, 211SUN, SOUTH SIDE DAILYChicago, 98SUN, THORNTONChicago, 98SUN, UNION STOCK YARDS DAILYChicago, 98SUNDAY ARGUSChicago, 117SUNDAY BOURBONDanville, 156SUNDAY COURIER-HERALDChicago, 1 20SUNDAY DEMOCRATChicago, 101

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSUNDAY HERALDBloomington, 32Chicago, 72East St. Louis, 165Rockford, 302SUNDAY LEADERCairo, 37Chicago, 72SUNDAY MAILSpringfield, 326SUNDAY MORNINO EYEBloomington, 32SUNDAY MORNING STARBloomington, 32SUNDAY REVIEW, WESTERNChicago, 100SUNDAY SCHOOL ADVOCATEChicago, 133SUNDAY SCHOOL COMPANIONChicago, 109SUNDAY SCHOOL GEMChicago, 128SUNDAY SCHOOL HELPERChicago, 104SUNDAY SCHOOL MESSENGERChicago, 94SUNDAY SCHOOL MIRRORChicago, 109SUNDAY SCHOOL SCHOLARChicago, 94SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERChicago, 83SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER, CHRIS-TIANChicago, 131SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER, NATIONALChicago, 84SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS' QUAR-TERLY, NORTHWESTERNChicago, 83SUNDAY SCHOOL WORLDChicago, 104SUNDAY TRIBUNEChicago, 56SUNDAY VACUNAChicago, 70SUNBEAMDecatur, 158Saybrook, 312SUNSET CHIMESChicago, 133SURGICAL JOURNAL, ILLINOIS MEDI-CAL ANDChicago, 56SURGICAL JOURNAL, NORTHWESTERNMEDICAL ANDChicago, 56SURGICAL JOURNAL, UNITED STATESMEDICAL ANDChicago, 76, 85SURVEYOR, ARCHITECT, ENGINEERANDChicago, 121SVENSKA AMERIKANARENChicago, 87, 108, 138SVENSKA AMERIKANAREN, NYAChicago, 87SVENSKA NYHETERChicago, 88SVENSKA POSTENChicago, 138SVENSKA REPUBLIKANEN'Chicago, 70SVENSKA REPUBLIKANEN i NORRAAMERIKA, DENGalesburg, 187SVENSKA TRIBUNENChicago, 88, 108, 245SVENSKA TRIBUNEN-NYHETERChicago, 88SVORNOSTChicago, 125, 129, 135SWEDEAltona, 9SWEDE, ILLINOISChicago, 108Galesburg, 187SYNOPTICAL REPORTER, ILLINOISSpringfield, 326TABLETMaroa, 235TABLET, WESTERNChicago, 64TACHYGRAPHER, RAPID WRITER ANDChicago, 128TAGBLATT DER GERMANIAQuincy, 294TAILOR'S INTELLIGENCERChicago, 109TAKIGRAFER, RAPID WRITER ANDChicago, 128TALES, ILLUSTRATED TEMPERANCEChicago, 146

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSTALSMAND, KRISTELIGEChicago, 103TAPERAlton, 5TAZEWELL COUNTY MIRRORPekin, 277TAZEWELL COUNTY REPUBLICANPekin, 277TAZEWELL DEMOCRATTremont, 337TAZEWELL INDEPENDENTWashington, 350TAZEWELL REGISTERPekin, Ixxix, 276TAZEWELL REPORTERPekin, 276TAZEWELL TELEGRAPHPekin, 276TAZEWELL WHIGTremont, 336TEACHER, CHICAGOChicago, 113TEACHER, CHRISTIAN SUNDAYSCHOOLChicago, 131TEACHER, ILLINOISBloomington, 29, 30Chicago, 104, 264Peoria, 280TEACHER, NATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 84TEACHER, PRACTICALChicago, 137TEACHER, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 83TEACHERS' GOLDEN HOURChicago, 99TEACHERS' QUARTERLYChicago, 133TELEGRAMAltamont, 3, 309Kinmundy, 215TELEGRAPHAlton, Ixx, 4, 6, 7, 8Buda, 34Chicago, 79, 144Dixon, Ixx, Ixxvii, 161, 162, 275Lockport, Ixxvii, 227Marshall, 236Peru, Lxxv, n, 282TELEGRAPH AND DEMOCRATIC RE-VIEW^Alton, 4TELEGRAPH AND LEE COUNTYHERALD, DIXONDixon, 161, n.TELEGRAPH, BARB CITYDe Kalb, 160TELEGRAPH, FULTONCanton, 39TELEGRAPH, MARSHALL COUNTYHenry, 198TELEGRAPH, PRAIRIERushville, 307TELEGRAPH, TAZEWELLPekin, 276TELEGRAPH, WESTERNCanton, 39TELEGRAPH, WILL COUNTYLockport, 227TELEPHONEPrinceville, 290Rochelle, ci, 298TEMPERANCE ADVOCATE, WESTERNChicago, 85TEMPERANCE BANNERAlton, 8Waverly, 353TEMPERANCE BATTLE-AxChicago, 63TEMPERANCE BUGLEDecatur, 159Lincoln, 225Virginia, 347TEMPERANCE CRUSADERWarsaw, 349TEMPERANCE, DAUGHTER OFNaperville, 257TEMPERANCE GAZETTEClinton, 152TEMPERANCE HERALD, ILLINOISAlton, Ixii, 5, 6TEMPERANCE HERALD, MISSOURI ANDILLINOISAlton, Ixii, 5TEMPERANCE LEADERMt. Carmel, 251TEMPERANCE MAGAZINEPeoria, 281TEMPERANCE MONITORAurora, 14TEMPERANCE MONTHLYChicago, 129

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTEMPERANCE ORACLE, HOME CIRCLEANDChicago, 82TEMPERANCE RECORDChicago, 129TEMPERANCE REFORM, SPIRIT OFChicago, 57TEMPERANCE STANDARDBloomington, 30Chicago, 99TEMPERANCE TALES, ILLUSTRATEDChicago, 146TEMPERANCE TOCSINAmboy, 9Aurora, 15TEMPERANCE UNIONSheridan, 319TEMPERANCE WATCHMANAlton, 8TEMPLAR'S OFFERINGChicago, 82TEMPLE CALLChicago, 125TENANT, LANDLORD AND.Chicago, 127TENNEY, HARDY AND COMPANY'SADVERTISERKewanee, 214TESTRushville, 307THEODORASpringfield, 325THORNTON SUNChicago, 98THREE STATESCairo, 38TID, DEN NYEChicago, 124TIDINGS, GOODChicago, 122TIDINGS, HEAVENLYChicago, 107TIDINGS, LAKE COUNTYWaukegan, 353TlDSKRIFT, EVANGELISKChicago, 135TlLSKUERENChicago, 144TlMBERMANChicago, 118TIMESAledo, 2Augusta, 13Belleville, 22Bloomington, Ixxxv, 29Byron, 35Cairo, 35. 36Canton, 40Carbondale, 40Carmi, 44Casey, 46Champaign, 48, 169Chandlerville, 49Chenoa, 50Chicago, Ixxv, n., Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv, n.,Ixxxv, n., xci, 38, 64, 65, 66 73Chillicothe, 150Clay City, 150Clinton, 152Creston, 154, 246Danville, 155Decatur, 159Delavan, 161Edwardsville, 169Elgin, 16, 171, 172Farmington, 179Fort Byron, 288Freeport, 181Galesburg, 186Greenup, 193, 194Kane, 209Kankakee, 210Lincoln, 224, 225Loda, 228, 275McLeansboro, 230Maquon, 233Maroa, 152, 234Mason City, 238Mendota, Ixxxiv, 240Metropolis City, 242Minonk, 244, 263Monticello, 246Morrison, 248, 298Morrison ville, 248New Rutland, 262New Windsor, 263Olney, 266Onarga, 267, 351Orion, 270Ottawa, 271Pekin, 277Princeville, 290Quincy, 294Ransom, 294Rockford, 302Roseville, 306Rutland, 308Salem, 311

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERSSavanna, 312Springfield, 323Staunton, 327Steeleville, 327Sterling, 327Vienna, 344Waterloo, 351Waverly, 262, 313, 353Winchester, 357TIMES, ADVENT CHRISTIANChicago, 8 1TIMES AND DELTACairo, 35TIMES AND HERALDChicago, 65, 73TIMES AND SEASONSCommerce, 153Nauvoo, 260TIMES, BANNER-Casey, 46TIMES, BUREAU COUNTYBuda, 34TIMES, CALHOUNHardin, 195TIMES, CASS COUNTYVirginia, 345, 346TIMES, CENTRAL ILLINOISShelby ville, 317TIMES, CHICAGO DAILYChicago, 65, 66TIMES, CHRISTIANChicago, 6 1TlMES-ClTIZENRoseville, 306TIMES, CITYCairo, 35, 36TIMES, COLLEGEChicago, 96TIMES-COURIERLincoln, 224TIMES-DEMOCRAT, IROQUOIS COUNTYWatseka, 352TIMES, EDGAR COUNTYParis, 274TIMES, ENTERPRISE ANDChicago, 126TIMES, Fox RIVERBatavia, 18TIMES-HERALDChicago, 66, 127TIMES-HERALD, CALHOUNHardin, 195TIMES, ILLINOIS CENTRALBloomington, 29TIMES, INDUSTRIALRockford, 302TIMES, IROQUOIS COUNTYWatseka, 267, 351, 352TIMES, JASPER COUNTYNewton, 263TIMES, LEE COUNTYAmboy, 9Paw Paw, 153, 221, 275TIMES, LOCALDana, 154TIMES, MACOUPINCarlinville, 41TIMES, MEDICALChicago, 97TIMES, MENARD COUNTYPetersburg, 283TIMES, NEWS-Maroa, 235TIMES, OUREdwardsville, 168TIMES, PERRY COUNTYPinckneyville, 283TIMES, RAILWAYChicago, 143TIMES RECORDAledo, 2TIMES, REPUBLICAN-Ottawa, 271TIMES, SANGAMON COUNTYChandlerville, 49TIMES, WABASH VALLEYParis, 274TIMES, WESTERN SPORTINGChicago, 119TIMES, WHITESIDERock Falls, 248, 298Sterling, 328TOCSINUrbana, 339TOCSIN, TEMPERANCEAurora, 15TODAYChicago, 118TORCHLIGHT, EGYPTIANMt. Vernon, 255TORNADOTampico, 333

520 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTORPEDORed Bud, 296TOURIST, NEW OVERLANDChicago, 147TRADE AND EXPORT JOURNAL,WESTERNChicago, 129TRADE BULLETIN, DAILYChicago, 96TRADE JOURNAL, AMERICANChicago, 125TRADE JOURNAL, FURNITUREChicago, 121TRADE JOURNAL, WESTERNChicago, 129TRADE OF THE WEST, MARINERECORD ANDChicago, 126TRADE REGISTER, INDEPENDENTChicago, 107TRADE REVIEW, ILLINOISBloomington, 31TRADESMAN AND MANUFACTURER,ILLINOISPeoria, 282TRANSCRIPTCarbondale, 36, 40, 161Carthage, 45Dixon, 161Earlville, 165Peoria, Ixx. Ixxix, 279Polo, 286St. Charles, 309TRANSCRIPT, CENTRALClinton, 151TRANSCRIPT, DE WITT COUNTYPUBLIC AND CENTRALClinton, 152TRANSCRIPT, HERALDPeoria, 280TRAVELERChicago, 67TRAVELER, NORTH-WESTERN COM-MERCIALChicago, 142TRAVELER, WESTERNChicago, 134TRAVELERS', SHIPPERS' AND MAILGUIDEChicago, 129TRESTLE BOARDChicago, 72TREUBUND, BELLEVILLEBelleville, 24TRIBUNEChester, 52Chicago, Ixxi, Ixxii, Ixxv, Ixxv, n.,Ixxvii, Ixxix, Ixxix, n., Ixxx, xci,xciv, c, 53, 55, 56, 59, 85, 214Decatur, 157, 158, 159Du Quoin, 163Greenup, 193Hennepin, 198Macon, 232Maroa, 235Mt. Carroll, 251Nauvoo, 261Pekin, 277Quincy, Lxx, Ixxv, n., 292, 293, 294Stanford, 327Sycamore, 332Wenona, 354White Hall, 356TRIBUNE AND FREE SOIL BANNERQuincy, 292TRIBUNE AND RECORDERDu Quoin, 163TRIBUNE, BUREAU COUNTYPrinceton, 290TRIBUNE, CLAY COUNTYLouisville, 228TRIBUNE, ILLINOISGrand Detour, 191TRIBUNE, INDUSTRIALMurphysboro, ci, 257TRIBUNE, IRISHChicago, 132TRIBUNE, MAGNET ANDDecatur, 157, 159TRIBUNE, POPULARNauvoo, 261TRIBUNE, POST-Pekin, 277TRIBUNE, PRESS ANDChicago, 60TRIBUNE, ST. CLAIRBelleville, 23East St. Louis, 165TRIBUNE, SOUTH LAWNChicago, 128TRIBUNE, SUNDAYChicago, 56TRIBUNEN, SVENSKAChicago, 88, 108, 245

TRIBUNEN-NYHETER, SVENSKAChicago, 88TRI-COUNTY PRESSINDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 521Cairo, 37Polo, 287TRIPODEvanston, 174TROWEL, MASONICSpringfield, 325TRUE DEMOCRATJoliet, Ixxvii, 208TRUE FLAGShipman, 33, 319TRUE LATTER DAY SAINTS' HERALDPiano, 285TRUE MISSIONFreeport, 181TRUE REPUBLICANSycamore, 331TRUE UNIONIST, DEMOCRATICHavana, 197TRUE WORKMANFlora, 179TRUMBULL'S FAMILY RECORD, PRO-FESSORChicago, 118TRUTH SEEKERAlton, Ixxv, n., 6, 55TRUTH TELLERCarlyle, 42TURNERS' MINARETChicago, 119TWIN CITY NEWS-HERALDPeru, 282UMGEGEND, WOCHENBLATT FUR MAS-COUTAH UNDMascoutah, 237UNCONDITIONAL UNIONISTMt. Vernon, 255UNDERTAKER, WESTERNChicago, 149UNGDOMS VANNEXChicago, 109Rock Island, 304UNICORNBarry, 17UNICORN GREENBACKBarry, ci, 17UNIONAnna, 10Belvidere, 25Bement, 26Champaign, 47Chicago, 69, 72. 88, 91Clinton, 152Galesburg, 187Highland, 199Kankakee, 210Lewistown, 179, 222Mt. Sterling, 254Quincy, 292Rock Island, 304Scottsville, 313Sparland, 319Tuscola, 337Urbana, 48, 338Vandalia, 343UNION ADVOCATEGeneseo, 188UNION AGRICULTURIST AND WESTERNPRAIRIE FARMERChicago, 53UNION AND GAZETTEGillespie, 189UNION AND GAZETTE. CHAMPAIGNCOUNTYChampaign, 47UNION BANNERCarlyle, 43, 44, 151UNION BANNER AND COMMERCIALADVERTISERChicago, 82UNION BANNER, MOULTRIE COUNTYSullivan, 330UNION, BAPTISTChicago, 105UNION, CASS COUNTYVirginia, 346UNION, CHRISTIANChicago, 115UNION, CONSTITUTION ANDCarlyle, 43UNION COUNTY DEMOCRATJonesboro, 209UNION COUNTY HERALDAnna, 10Jonesboro, 209UNION COUNTY RECORDAnna, 10Jonesboro, 209UNION DEMOCRATKewanee, 214UNION, DEMOCRATICChillicothe, 150Jerseyville, 206

522 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSUNION EAGLEMcLeansboro, 230UNION, EASTERN WILLBeecher, 20UNION, FARMER'SLawrenceville, 220UNION, FILLMOREPeoria, 280UNION, FLAG OF OURMarshall, 236UNION, FORD COUNTYPaxton, 275UNION GAZETTEBunker Hill, 34UNION, MCHENRY COUNTYWoodstock, 359UNION MONITORHillsboro, 200Litchfield, 200, 226UNION, NEWSPAPERChicago, 108UNION, ODD FELLOWSSpringfield, 325UNION PARK ADVOCATEChicago, 104West Chicago, 354UNION PARK BANNERChicago, 105UNION, PIATT COUNTYMonticello, 247UNION, PIKE COUNTYGriggsville, 194, 285Pittsfield, 285UNION PRESSBushnell, 34UNION, REPUBLICANAurora, 14UNION, SCOTT COUNTYWinchester, 357UNION, SHELBY COUNTYShelbyville, 317UNION, STARK COUNTYToulon, 336UNION STOCK YARDS DAILY SUNChicago, 98UNION STOCK YARDS EXCHANGEChicago, 91UNION, TEMPERANCESheridan, 319UNIONE ITALIANA, L'Chicago, 91UNIONISTEffingham, 169UNIONIST AND STATESMAN, ILLINOISSpringfield, 323UNIONIST, DEMOCRATIC TRUEHavana, 197UNIONIST, UNCONDITIONALMt. Vernon, 255UNIONIST, WESTERNWinchester, 357UNITED IRISHMANOttawa, 271UNITED STATES MEDICAL AND SUR-GICAL JOURNALChicago, 76, 85UNITED STATES MEDICAL INVES-TIGATORChicago, 76, 85UNITED STATES MONTHLY, ABBOTT'SChicago, 144UNITED STATES REVIEWChicago, 82UNITYChicago, 142UNITY, NEWChicago, 143UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION, GENIUS OFHennepin, 197Lowell, Ixx, n., 229UNIVERSALISTChicago, 63, 298, 308UNIVERSEChicago, 92, 94, 95UNIVERSITATES, INDEXChicago, 79UNTERHALTUNGSBLATTFreeport, 181UNTERHALTUNGS-BLATTER, WEST-LICHEChicago, 69, 88UPHOLSTERER AND CARPETREPORTER, AMERICAN CABINETMAKERChicago, 100UPPER MISSISSIPPIANRock Island, 302VACUNA, SUNDAYChicago, 70VAKT, ZION'SChicago, 119VAKTARENChicago, 82

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 523VALLEY BLADEParis, 274VALLEY BLADE, PRAIRIE BEACONANDParis, 274VALLEY CLARIONChester, 52VALLEY REGISTER, ILLINOISWinchester, 357VALLEY WATCHMANChicago, 58VANDALIA WHIG AND ILLINOISINTELLIGENCERVandalia, 341VANDALIANVandalia, 343VANDERER, LEEDLEChicago, 102VANNEN, MISSIONSChicago, 123VANNEN, SKOLRock Island, 304VANNEN, UNGDOMSChicago, 109Rock Island, 304VARIETIES, LITERARYChicago, 117VART NYA HEMChicago, 119VENNEN, FOLKE-Chicago, 146VERDENS GANGChicago, 144VERLDEN, NYAChicago, 88, 108VERMILLION CHRONICLE, NORTHHoopeston, 201VERMILLION COUNTY PRESSDanville, 155VERMILLION NEWSCornellville, 153VESTNIK, CHICAGSKYChicago, 119VIDETTEAurora, 16Evanston, 174La Rose, 218Orion, 270Oswego, 270VILLAGE ECHOThomson, 334VINDICATORCarlyle, 43Clinton, 152VINDICATOR, CATHOLICChicago, 115VISITER, LAKE COUNTYLittle Fort, Ixxv, n., 227Waukegan, 352VISITORRichmond, 296VISITOR, HOMEChicago, 75VISITOR, SATURDAYChampaign, 48VISITOR, WOODFORD COUNTYMetamora, 241VOICE OF ILLINOISAlton, 6VOICE OF MASONRYChicago, 80VOICE OF THE FAIRChicago, 85VOICE OF THE PEOPLEChicago, 53Louisville, 228Peoria, 279VOICE OF TRUTHWinchester, 357VOLANTEChicago, 113VOLKS, STIMME DESChicago, 77VOLKSBLATT,Belleville, 22, 23Carlinville, 42Effingham, 170Joliet, 134La Salle, 219Lincoln, 224, 225Quincy, 293VOLKSBLATT, ILLINOISDecatur, 158Nashville, 260VOLKSBLATT-RUNDSCHAULincoln, 224VOLKSFREUNDAurora, 15Chicago, 57, U4Galena, 184VOLKSFREUND, COMMERCIAL ANDPeru, 282

524 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVOLKSFREUND, ILLINOISLincoln, 224VOLKSZEITUNG, Du PAGE COUNTYNaperville, 258VOLKS-ZEITUNGChicago, 125, 137Moline, 304VOLKS-ZEITUNG, CHICAGOERChicago, 138VOLKS-ZETTUNG, DEUTSCHEBloomington, 30VOLKS-ZEITUNG, ILLINOISChicago, 102VOLKS-ZEITUNG, NEUERock Island, 304VOLUNTEERChicago, 80Havana, 197VORBOTEChicago, 125, 130VORWARTSAlton, 7VOTERHavana, 197Vox HUMANAChicago, 119Vox POPULIMcLeansboro, 230W ABASH ADVOCATE, SENTINEL ANDMt. Carmel, 250WABASH DEMOCRATMt. Carmel, 251WABASH REPUBLICANMt. Carmel, 250WABASH SENTINELHutsonville, 201WABASH VALLEY REPUBLICANParis, 274WABASH VALLEY TIMESParis, 274WACHTER AM ILLINOIS, DERPekin, 277WAR DEMOCRATFairfield. 176WAR EAGLECairo. 36Waterloo, 350WARTE, DEUTSCHEChicago, 135WASHINGTON COUNTY GAZETTEAshley, 12WASHINGTON COUNTY HERALDNashville, 259WASHINGTON COUNTY ZEITUNGNashville, 260WASHINGTONIANChicago, 133WASHINGTONIAN, ILLINOISSpringfield, 323WASHINGTONIAN, MISSOURI AND ILL-INOIS TEMPERANCE HERALD ANDAlton. 5WASPNauvoo, 260WATCHChicago, 133WATCH, LAKESIDEChicago. 147WATCH TOWERPlainfield, 285Vermont, 344WATCHMAKER AND METAL WORKERChicago, 125WATCHMAKERS' MAGAZINEChicago, 113WATCHMANChicago, 129Elgin, 171Galva, 1 86La Salle, 219WATCHMAN AND EVANGELISTLouisville, Kentucky, 7WATCHMAN, DEMOCRATICNewton, 263WATCHMAN, INDEPENDENTMt. Morris, 252WATCHMAN, LITTLEBloomington, 31Chicago, 102WATCHMAN OF THE PRAIRIESChicago, 6 1WATCHMAN, PERRY COUNTYTamaroa, 327, 332WATCHMAN, TEMPERANCEAlton, 8WATCHMAN, VALLEYChicago, 58WATCHMAN, WESTERNRock Spring, 305WATER CURE JOURNALGalesburg, 186WAYNE COUNTY CENTRALJeffersonville, 206

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 525WAYNE COUNTY PRESSFairfield, 176WAYNE COUNTY REPUBLICANFairfield, 177WECKO POSTEN, NYAChicago, 135WEEKLYAurora, 15Clifton, 151Dundee, 163Odell, 265Port Byron, 288WEEKLY BULLETIN, REAL ESTATEJOURNAL ANDChicago, 143WEEKLY, CHICAGO DOLLARChicago, 63WEEKLY MAGAZINEChicago, 114WEEKLY MERCHANTChicago, 90WEEKLY PRICE CURRENT, MERCAN-TILE JOURNAL ANDChicago, 1 08WELLS' COMMERCIAL EXPRESS ANDWESTERN PRODUCE REPORTERChicago, 72WELLS' MARINE REGISTERChicago, 77WESLEYAN SEMINARY REPORTERRoekford, 299WESLEYANABloomington, 30WESPEN, CHICAGOERChicago, 129WEST CHICAGOChicago, 105WEST CHICAGO BANNERChicago, 99WEST END ADVOCATEChicago, 105WEST END KERANAKeithsburg, 214WEST, FREEChicago, 55, 64WEST, GARLAND OF THEChicago, 57WEST, GREATChicago, 89WEST, OLIVE BRANCH OF THEChicago, 67WEST, SPIRIT OF THENaples, 258WEST, STAR OF THEEdwards ville, xxviii, 166Geneseo, 188La Harpe, 217Sparta, 320WESTEN, DERChicago, 62, 106, 107, 125WESTEN UND DAHEIMChicago, 62, 106, 107, 125WESTENS, DIE CHRONIK DBSRock Island, 304WESTENS, STERN DBSQuincy, 291WESTERN ADVANCEBloomington, 31WESTERN AGEChicago, 129WESTERN AGRICULTURISTQuincy, 293WESTERN AGRICULTURIST AND LIVESTOCK JOURNALChicago, 94Quincy, 293WESTERN BANNERChicago, 75Roekford, 302WESTERN BANNER, YOUTH'SChicago, 67WESTERN BAPTIST, PIONEER ANDRock Spring, 305WESTERN BEACONChicago, 129WESTERN BOOK SELLERChicago, 94WESTERN BREWERChicago, 133WESTERN BREWER AND JOURNAL OFTHE BARLEY, HOP, AND MALTTRADEChicago, 133WESTERN CATHOLICChicago, 94WESTERN CHRISTIANElgin, Ixxv, n., 170WESTERN CHURCHMANChicago, 77WESTERN CITIZENChicago, Ixxv, n., 55, 61, 64, 229Rock Island, 303

526 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWESTERN CLOTHING, FURNISHINGAND HAT REPORTERChicago, 148WESTERN COLLEGE MAGAZINEChicago, 148WESTERN CONFECTIONER AND BAKERChicago, 148WESTERN CRUSADERChicago, 69WESTERN CUMBERLAND PRESBY-TERIANAlton, 8WESTERN DEMOCRATKaskaskia, 212WESTERN DRUGGISTChicago, 93, 149WESTERN EDUCATIONAL JOURNALChicago, 149WESTERN EMIGRANTS' MAGAZINEAND HISTORIAN OF TIMES INTHE WESTCarthage, 45WESTERN ENTERPRISEChicago, 71, 144WESTERN EVANGELISTGreenville, 194Rockwell, 305WESTERN FAMILY MONITORMarion, 233WESTERN FARM JOURNALChicago, 68WESTERN FARMERChicago, 63Dixon, 162WESTERN FREEMANGalesburg, Ixxv, n., 185WESTERN FURNITURE TRADEChicago, 121WESTERN GARLANDChicago, 69WESTERN GLOBELawrenceville, 220WESTERN, GREATBelleville, 21WESTERN GUIDE, HORNER'S CHI-CAGO ANDChicago, 67WESTERN HERALDChicago, 58, 60WESTERN HOMEChicago, 95WESTERN INTELLIGENCERKaskaskia, xxviii, 212WESTERN JOURNAL or EDUCATIONChicago, 118WESTERN JOURNAL OF MusicChicago, 71WESTERN JURISTBloomington, 31WESTERN LEADERSpringfield, 324WESTERN LIGHTMacomb, 231WESTERN (LITERARY?) MAGAZINEChicago, 57WESTERN LIVE STOCK JOURNALEast St. Louis, 166WESTERN MAGAZINEChicago, 114, 149WESTERN MAGAZINE, LADY'SChicago, 62WESTERN MANUFACTURERChicago, 125WESTERN MERCHANTS' PRICE CUR-RENTChicago, 78WESTERN MERCHANTS' PRICE CUR-RENT AND MANUFACTURERS'RECORDChicago, 78WESTERN MERCURYGeneva, Ixxv, n., 188St. Charles, 308WESTERN MINERBraidwood, 32WESTERN MIRRORRockford, 300WESTERN MONTHLYChicago, 99WESTERN MONTHLY MAGAZINEVandalia, 341WESTERN NEWSBelleville, 20WESTERN OBSERVERJacksonville, liii,202WESTERN ODD FELLOWChicago, 90WESTERN PAPER TRADEChicago. 129WESTERN PATHFINDERChicago, 68WESTERN PHOTOGRAPHIC NEVChicago, 125

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 527WESTERN PIONEERAlton, 4WESTERN PIONEER AND BAPTISTSTANDARD BEARERAlton, 4, 305WESTERN PLOUGHBOYEdwardsville, 167WESTERN POSTAL RECORDChicago, 95WESTERN POSTAL REVIEWDwight, 164WESTERN PRAIRIE FARMER, UNIONAGRICULTURIST ANDChicago, 53WESTERN PRODUCE REPORTER,WELLS' COMMERCIAL EXPRESSANDChicago, 72WESTERN PULPITChicago, 88WESTERN RAILROAD GAZETTEChicago, 72WESTERN RURALChicago, 80, 140WESTERN RURAL AND AMERICANSTOCKMANChicago, 80WESTERN RURAL AND FAMILYWEEKLY PAPERChicago, 80WESTERN SCIENTIFIC JOURNALPeoria, 281WESTERN SHOE AND LEATHER RE-VIEWChicago, 138WESTERN SOLDIERS' FRIENDChicago, 89WESTERN SPIRIT AND WINE TRADEChicago, 78WESTERN SPORTING TIMESChicago, 119WESTERN SPYMt. Sterling, 253WESTERN STARJacksonville, 204WESTERN STATIONER AND PRINTERChicago, 149WESTERN SUNDAY REVIEWChicago, 100Wi TERN TABLETChicago, 64WESTERN TELEGRAPHCanton, 39WESTERN TEMPERANCE ADVOCATEChicago, 85WESTERN TRADE AND EXPORTJOURNALChicago, 129WESTERN TRADE JOURNALChicago, 129WESTERN TRAVELERChicago, 134WESTERN UNDERTAKERChicago, 149WESTERN UNIONISTWinchester, 357WESTERN VOICE AND INTERNALIMPROVEMENT JOURNALShawneetown, 315WESTERN WATCHMANRock Spring, 305WESTERN WEEKLY MIRROREdwardsville, 167WESTERN WHIGBloomington, 28WESTERN WORLDWarsaw, 348WESTERN WORLD AND DE KALBREVIEWDe Kalb, 160WESTLICHE ODD FELLOWChicago, 105WESTLICHE PRESSEQuincy, 292, 293, 294WESTLICHE SCHUTZE UND JAGD ZEIT-UNGChicago, 144WESTLICHE UNTERHALTUNGS-B LAT-TERChicago, 69, 88WHAT NEXTChicago, 113WHIGQuincy, Ixx, Ixxiv, Ixxvii, 291Rushville, 307Vandalia, 341WHIG AND ILLINOIS INTELLIGENCER,VANDALIAVandalia, 341WHIG, FREE PRESS AND ILLINOISVandalia, 342

528 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWHIG, ILLINOIS ADLER UNO DEMO-CRATISCHERSpringfield, 323WHIG REPUBLICANQuincy, 291WHIG, TAZEWELLTremont, 336WHIG, WESTERNBloomington, 28WHIP AND SPURDecatur, 159WHISPER, DAILYDixon, Ixx, 162WHITE COUNTY ADVOCATECarmi, 44, 192WHITE COUNTY NEWSCarmi, 44WHITE SIDE CHRONICLESterling, 328WHITE SIDE COUNTY ARGUSSterling, 328WHITESIDE DEMOCRATFulton, 182WHITESIDE HERALDMorrison, 248WHITESIDE INVESTIGATORFulton, 181WHITESIDE SENTINELMorrison, 248WHITESIDE TIMESRock Falls, 248, 298Sterling, 328WILD EDGERTON'S WEEKLY EVER-GREENChicago, 134WILL COUNTY COMMERCIAL AD-VERTISERLockport, 227WILL COUNTY COURIERJoliet, 208WILL COUNTY TELEGRAPHLockport, 227WILLIAMSON COUNTY ADVOCATEMarion, 234WILLIAMSON COUNTY DEMOCRATMarion, 234WILLIAMSON COUNTY PROGRESSMarion, 234WILSON'S REFLECTORChicago, 119WILSON'S WEEKLYRoseville, 306WINE AND SPIRIT REVIEWChicago, 78WINE TRADE, WESTERN SPIRIT ANDChicago, 78WINE TRADE REVIEW, AMERICANSPIRIT ANDChicago, 78WINNEBAGO CHDSFRockford, 301WINNEBAGO COUNTY ADVERTISERDurand, 164WINNEBAGO COUNTY CHIEFRockford, 301WINNEBAGO FORUMRockford, 298WITNESSChicago, 144WITNESS, CHRISTIAN TIMES ANDChicago, 6 1WOCHENBLATTBeardstown, 20Joliet, 208Mascoutah, 237Ouincy, 292WOCHENBLATT, CENTRAL ILLINOISOttawa, 271WOCHENBLATT FUR MASCOUTAH UNOUMGEGENDMascoutah, 237WOCHENBLATT, KATHOLISCHESChicago, 76WOCHENBLATT, STAATSSpringfield, 325, 326WOODFORD COUNTY ARGUSMetamora, 241WOODFORD COUNTY VISITORMetamora, 241WOODFORD JOURNALEureka, 174WOODFORD SENTINELMetamora, 241, 349WORDS FOR JESUSRockford, 301WORDS OF LIFEChicago, 134WORK, OURSparta, 321WORKERS' LAMPChicago, 119WORKING PEOPLE, AMERICANChicago, 114

INDEX TO NEWSPAPERS 529WORKINGMAN'S ADVOCATEChicago, 80WORKMANMoline, 244WORKMAN, ILLINOIS MASTERCanton, 40WORKMAN, TRUEFlora, 179WORKMAN'S ADVOCATE, MINER ANDBelleville, 24WORLD, AMUSEMENTChicago, 139WORLD AND COMMERCIAL ADVER-TISER, INDUSTRIALChicago, 115WORLD AND DE KALB REVIEW,WESTERNDe Kalb, 160WORLD AND IRON WORKER, INDUS-TRIALChicago, 115WORLD, CHILD'SChicago, 1 06WORLD, HOTELChicago, 126WORLD MAGAZINEChicago, 105WORLD, METALChicago, 123WORLD, NEWChicago, 79WORLD, ST. Louis RAILWAYEast St. Louis, 165WORLD, SCHOOLChicago, 128WORLD, SUNDAY SCHOOLChicago, 104WORLD, WESTERNWarsaw, 348X. Y. L. N. T. JOURNALChicago, 144YELLOW JACKETPalestine, 272YEOMANMorris, 247YEOMAN AND RAILROAD JOURNAL,FAYETTEVandalia, 343YEOMAN, JOHNSON COUNTYVienna, 344YOUNG ADVOCATEBatavia, 18YOUNG AMERICAChicago, 65, 113Urbana, 339YOUNG AMERICAN DEMOCRATNashville, 259YOUNG CATHOLIC'S FRIENDChicago, 86YOUNG CHICAGOChicago, 113YOUNG FOLKS' MONTHLYChicago, 105YOUNG FOLKS, PICTURE GALLERYFORChicago, 142YOUNG FOLKS' RURALChicago, 105YOUNG FOLKS WEEKLYChicago, 138YOUNG HEROChicago, 109YOUNG INDUSTRYChicago, 113YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIA-TION HERALDSpringfield, 326YOUNG MESSENGERChicago, 109YOUNG PILOTChicago, 105YOUNG REAPERChicago, 100YOUTH, LITERARYChicago, 112YOUTH, OURChicago, 105, 109YOUTH'S CABINETChicago, 109YOUTH'S EVANGELIST AND LITTLEPREACHERChicago, 149YOUTHS' GAZETTEChicago, 55YOUTH'S PAPER, EVERYChicago, 135YOUTH'S REPORTERChicago, 113YOUTH'S WESTERN BANNERChicago, 67

53 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSZANGE, KNEIPChicago, inZEICHEN DER ZEITChicago, 100ZEITGEISTChicago, 73NEUEZEIT,Chicago, 137ZEIT, ZEICHEN DERChicago, 100ZEITUNGBelleville, Ixx, Ixxix, ci, 21, 22, 23,24, 25Cairo, 36Carlyle, 43Chicago, 69Decatur, 158Springfield, 325ZEITUNG, ABENDChicago, 69ZEITUNG, ARBEITER-Chicago, 125, 130, 146ZEITUNG, BELLETRISTISCHEChicago, 69, 86ZEITUNG, CHICAGOER ARBEITER-Chicago, 125ZEITUNG, CHICAGOER HANDELS-Chicago, 126ZEITUNG, CHICAGOER VOLKS-Chicago, 138ZEITUNG, CONDITOR, KOCH, UNDBAECKERChicago, 139ZEITUNG, DEUTSCHEAlton, 7Danville, 156Galena, 184Peoria, 279ZEITUNG, Du PAGE COUNTYWheaton, 355ZEITUNG, HANDELS UND INDUSTRIEChicago, 122ZEITUNG, HIGHLAND BOTE UNDSCHUETZEN-Highland, 199ZEITUNG, ILLINOIS STAATS-Chicago, Ixxv, n. Ixxvii, 125ZEITUNG, NEUE VOLKS-Rock Island, 304ZEITUNG, PLATTDEUTSCHEChicago, 143ZEITUNG, RANDOLPH COUNTYChester, 52ZEITUNG, SONNTAGSPeoria, 281ZEITUNG, SUED ILLINOISCarlyle, 44ZEITUNG UND STERNBelleville, 22ZEITUNG, VOLKS-Chicago, 125, 137Moline, 304ZEITUNG, WASHINGTON COUNTYNashville, 269ZEITUNG, WESTLICHE SCHUTZE UNDJAGDChicago, 144ZION'S BANERChicago, 134Galesburg, 186Knoxville, 216ZION'S HOPEPiano, 285ZION'S VAKTChicago, 119

INDEX TO NAMES

INDEX TO NAMESAbbott, 144, 342, 350Abbott, H. M., 51Abbott, J. S., 297Abbott, Jeremiah, 166Abbott, M. H., 194, 284, 285Abbott, M. J., 248, 353Abbott, Nelson, 221Abernathy, R. James, 245Able, Alida V., 171Abrahamson, Reverend L. G., 114, 303Ackerman, A., 40, 250Ackerman, Edward S., 250Adair, John M., 218, 251Adams, 83, 84, 94, 97Adams, A. J., 155Adams, Charles Francis, 292Adams, George B., 248Adams, George M., 31, 326Adams, Granger, 68Adams, H. W., 332Adams, J. A., 89Adams, J. C., 91Adams, J. Henry, 10Adams, Joe R., 328Adams, John Quincy, 340Adams, N. T., 297Adams, O. M., 3Addis, Robert D., 31Addis, William H., 157, 158, 159, 173,243Agney, W. S., 181Ahnberg, L., 185Aiken, Andrew J., 108Aitken, J. F., 89Albee, 287Albright, 252Aldrich, Orlando W., 31Alden, A. J., 10, 163, 164, 170, 191,229, 249, 255, 264, 329, 344533Alden, John B., 95, 113Alden, Roy, 284Alden, W. G., 17, 272Alexander, E. J. C., 200, 226Alexander, George, 131Alexander, J. T., 194Alexander, Q. C., 342Allahan, Doctor J. C., 287Allard, H. C., 19, 346, 34?Allard, L. S., 346Allen, 174Allen, A. J., 262Allen, C. C., 252Allen, Charles, 161, 312Allen, Henry C.,Allen, Henry E., 13Allen, Doctor J. Adams, 56, 57, 68,80Allen, J. M., 188Allen, Joshua, 216Allen, R. C., 190Allen, T. A., 156Allen, T. J., 154Alles, Fred L., 288, 320Allin, James, 27Allison, 261Allison, F. A., 332Allison, Joseph F., 251Allnut, 284Allport, Doctor W. W., 80Altgeld, Governor, 130Althorp, Thomas, 117Altizer, Will, 178Amass, George, 331Ambrose, D. Leib, 224, 358Ames, 265Ammen, General Jacob, Ixxxiv, n.Anderson, 152, 153Anderson, A. M., 12, 256, 329, 358i

534 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSAnderson, Reverend C., 186, 216Anderson, E., 87Anderson, E. W., 168, 334Anderson, Frank, 88Anderson, George L., 331Anderson, J. A., 223Anderson, J. B., 194, 259Anderson, J. J., 259, 260Anderson, James L., 307Anderson, John, 87Anderson, Joseph, 346Anderson, Joseph B., 259Anderson, Nels, 138Anderson, W. H., 177Anderson, W. J., 171Anderson, William B., 255Andrews, 239Andrews, A., 280Andrews, A. H., 196Andrews, B. B., 338Andrews, Reverend E. N., 91Andrews, Frank, 150Andrews, H. B., 220Andrews, J. L., 240Andrews, K. C., 290Andrews, L. M., 159, 240Andrews, Lindley M., 160Andrews, Roy W., 242Andrews, S. F., 236Andrus, D. A. K., 301, 302Andrus, W. D. E., 301Angevine, J., 167Angier, A. W., 153, 168Angier, T. S., 168Angleroth, C., 22Ankeny, R. V., 180Ankney, Tomlinson, 252Anman, Howard C., 221Ansell, Albert G., 195Aplington, Zenas, 386Apperson, J. A., 228Applegate, L. W., 227Archer, Charles, 189, 309Arenz, Francis, 18Arford, Fremont, no, 129Arford, Vera K., noArford, Virginia M., noArgust, 195Armour, S. A., 320Armour, William J., 52, 296, 320Armstrong, 331Armstrong, A., 96Armstrong, George, 337Armstrong, George B., 137Armstrong, G. W., 178Armstrong, J. S., 278Arnold, 331, 332Arnold, Isaac N., Ixxxiii, Ixxxv, n.,66Arnold, T. B., 16, 331, 332Arnold, W. L., 215, 311Arny, W. F. N., 29Arosenius, 185Arste, F., 219Arthur, J. C., 130Arthur, O. P., 2Artz, Doctor William F., 25Ash, George O., 163Ash, J. F., 221Ashbaugh, H. C., 250Ashley, 89Ashton, 246, 324Ashton, Andrew J., 247, 307Ashton, Francis, 154Ashton, S., 8 1Aspinwall, 181Aten, 294Atherton, Benson T., 176Atherton, L. W., 162Atkins, H. J., 204Atkins, Smith D., 180, 252, 312Atkinson, J. B., 210Atwood, C. G., 252Auerswald, George, 24, 237, 262Augustus, Edward, 58Austin, E. D., 359Austin, F. O., 286Austin, H., 210Avery, George, 270Avery, John A., 353

INDEX TO NAMES 535Avery, Julius, 270Avey, J. L., nAxton, 235Ayers, J. G., 38, 187Ayers, Jason C., 162Ayers, U. M., 186Babbitt, Ellen C., 75Babcock, A. C., 85Babcock, H. D., 185Babcock, J. B., 233Babcock, Louis M., 267Bachtelle, W. B., 313Back, A. J., 151Backus, 267Backus, George B., 250Badger, J. S., iBagby, John S., 308Bagg, 180Bagley, M. M., 243Bagley, Walter, 45Bahm, J. M., 313Bailhache, 291, 324Bailhache, John, Ixvii, 4Bailhache, William H.,Bailey, 3, 185, 353Bailey, Reverend A., 204Bailey, Alvin, 357Bailey, Bernard, 276Bailey, H. U., 289Bailey, 'J- M., 180Bailey, J. C. W., 78, 80,Bailey, J. R., 205, 253Bailey, John W., 289Bailey, Louis, 16Bailey, S. G., 4Bailey, Thomas, 38Bailey, Wesley, 47Baily, 279Bain, M. R., 296, 355Baird, George O., 237Baker, 78, 113, 252, 256,Baker, C. M., 232Baker, D. P., 16, 332Baker, Delphine P., 79Baker, E. L., 4Baker, Edward, 250Baker, Edward L., 321Baker, Erwin, 201Baker, I. S., 104Baker, Jehu, 20Baker, P. W., 51Baker, Peter, 24Baker, Peter W., 213, 259, 295, 351Baker, William, 79Balch, C. H., 207Balch, J. J., 187Baldwin, 235, 281Baldwin, E. F., 26, 173, 228, 262,281, 344Baldwin, Reverend Theron, IxiiiBall, Reverend G. H., 106Ballance, G. W., 344Ballantyne, 56Ballantyne, James F., 63, 85Ballard, C. R., 262Ballard, Mrs. Fannie I., 350Ballard, W. A., 163, 330Ballenger, Richard, 353Ballentine, 2Ballentyne, John F., 144Ballinger, J. A., 17Ballinger, R. H., 210, 345Ballou, L., 150Balmer, J. R., 67Balshe, E. P., 293Balsley, J. C., 358Bancroft, C. A., 180Bandy, W. M., 156Bangs, C. L., 200, 226Bangs, E. T., 200Bangs, George S., 14, 15, 132Bankson, 330Bannister, H. M., 123Barbee, M. C., 177Barber, 236Barber, D. C., 332Barber, Lemuel Newton, 286Barbour, Willis G., 276Barden, H., 204Bardwell, A. C., 1624, 32187, 92, 101324

536 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBash, Mrs. D. N., 142Barker, A. M., 345Bascom, J. H., 101 Beard, Ellen, 15Barkley, D. W., 176, 177Barkley, James, 43Bashor, S. H., 218Baskett, 224Barkley, O. F., 176Bassett, 89, 107, 175Barlow, A. R., 247Bassett, A. A., 219Barnard, 117, 245Bassett, C., 214Barnard, Charles, 119Barnard, E. B., 266Barnes, 71, 242, 257, 311Bassett, Charles K.,iBassett, Charles N., 286Bassett, Chauncey, 214, 215Barnes, C. R., 130, 131Bassett, J. J., 160Barnes, Jacob B., 173, 281Bassett, M. H., n, 211, 239Barnes, L. B., 354Barnes, General M. S., 185, 244, 304Barnes, Myron S., 252Barnes, Reverend Seth, 55, 298, 308Bassett, Orville P., 328, 331Bastion, A. W., 182Batchelor, George, 126Bateman, Newton, 131, 280Barnes, W. H., 313Bates, B. B., 178Barnes, W. Bennett, 185Barnet, 56Barnett, 96Bates, George B., 130Bates, George W., 176Bates, Joseph B., 28, 225Barnett, Ferdinand L., 139Bates, Milton A., 3, 26, 234, 247, 318,Barney, Charles E., 117Barnhart, James, 282329,334Bates, Morgan, 130Barnhill, John B., 228Barnsback, Henry C., 168Barnum, J. S., 290, 318Barr, James S., Jr., 27Barrett, 254Bates, William H., 277Batterton, Ira A., 223Bauer, 261Baugh, 90Baugh, Joe V., 177, 255, 256Barrett, A. B., 255Barrett, P. K., 217Barrett, K. T., 219Barrows, W. F., 302Barry, David, 94Barter H. L., 288Barthene, 100Bartholomew, John W., 33Bartlett, Edgar E., 299, 302Bartlett, N. Gray, 93Bartlett, O. F., 63Bartlett, S. M., 183, 291Barton, 181Barton, George, 335Barton, John H., 10, 36, 37, 40, 41Barzynski, John, 122Baugher, Nesbit, 183Bauman, 262Baumert, 261Baxter, T. L., 284Bayless, J. P., 226Bayless, Solomon D., 81Bayliss, Alfred, 328Bayliss, John H., 27Bayne, W. H., 158Beach, James S., 55Beach, R. E., 343Beall, Asa, 187Beall, Fred, 187Bean, Edward, 75Bean, J. M., 313Bean, W. W., 329Bascom, Charles P., 289Beard, Edwin, 352

INDEX TO NAMES 537Beardsley, B. J., 290Beatty, 6, 216Beatty, Guy, 161Beatty, J. M., 347Beatty, Justin V., 265Beatty, W. A., 3Beatty, Z., 186, 351Beatty, Zacheus, 242Beaupre, Eben F., 16Beck, 240, 266, 272Beck, Charles W., 44Beck, F. J., 272Beck, James, 266Beck, Richard, 250Beck, W. F., 267Beck, William M., 266Beckel, H. A., 145Becker, 68, 69Becker, Frederick, 88Becker, Fritz, 69Becker, John, 49Becket, 183Beckford, Isaac B., 154Beckwith, 161Beckwith, Milan S., 157, 272Bedell, E. A., 349Beder, S., 92Beebe, H. S., 282Beeler, Frank A., 252Beem, John T., 4, 7, 163Beem, William H., 317Beer, William E., 117Beers, N. B., 346Begun, B. B., 296Beinder, H., 61Beiser, E. F., 259Bell, 150, 217, 319Bell, Andrew J., 132, 344Bell, Harry E., 356Bell, Jesse W., Jr., 286Bell, Robert, 250Bell, Victor B., 250Bellinghausen, W., 69, 88Belohradsky, T. B., 92Belvel, 188Bender, H., 107Bengston, J. C., 303Bennet, E. C., 344Bennet, R. J., 117Bennett, 235Bennett, A. B., 163Bennett, Alonzo, 163Bennett, E. I., 285Bennett, E. J., 285Bennett, F. O., 302Bennett, Francis R., 303Bennett, Frank, 235Bennett, G. L., 179, 269Bennett, James Gordon, xcBennett, John I., 187Bennett, Norman, 236Bennett, S. F., 296Bennett, W. B., 20Bennett, W. S., 283Benson, 87.Benson, F. H., 69Bent, Charles, 248Bent, Charles, Jr., 248Bently, W. F., 327Berdine, D. H., 356Bereman, H. A., 78Bergh, H. P., 103, 122Bernhardt, T. F., 158Berry, 164Berry, Elijah C., 212, 340Berry, Jesse N., 39Berry, William, xlvii, 340Besore, G. W., 251Betts, Charles, 74Beveridge, J. H., 331Beviall, M. G., 43, 310Beviall, Mrs. M. G., 310Bevirt, 23Bickford, (Beckford ?) Isaac B., 35, 179Bideman, 39Biddle, Nicholas, xlii, n. 29, n. 30Biddlecome, 150Biddlecome, Benjamin, 26, 229, 237Biddlecome, J. W., 156Bierer, F. C., 256

S38ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBierer, George C., 256Bigelow, Horace, 2, 268Biggert, 327Biggs, 268Bigler, John, 253Billings, Reverend James, 81Billings, W., 120Billmire, 222Binder, 79Bintliff, Edward H., 249, 250Binz, 237Birce, J. M., 12Bird, Rhenodyne A., 299Birdsall, D. B., 257Birdsall, G. D. B., 213Birdsall, J. A. J., 2, 206, 213, 355Birkbeck, Morris, xxxv, xxxvi, xlii, n,xliii, xlv, 341Birney, W. H. G., 198Bischof, Emil, 137Bischof, Theo, 261, 349Bischoff, Joseph, 172Bishop, Charles N., 98, 146Bishop, H. B., 274Bishop, Jesse, 233Bishop, L. D., 214Bishop, W. W., 50, 211, 316Bissell, 281, 315Bixler, Josiah, 200Black, 171, 192Black, George N., 326Black, James B., 31Black, Willis B., 171Blacker, 97Blackford, 47, 155Blackford, A. J., 151Blackford, Jason, 152Blackford, John R., 151Blackman, 214Blackmer, 83, 84, 94Blackwell, Doctor C. R., 81Blackwell, David, xli, xlvii, xlvii, n,xlviii, 340Blackwell, Robert, xlvii, 211, 211, n,i, 340Blades, Franklin, 351Blair, George W., 353Blaisdell, C. W., 348Blaisdell, E. W., IxxviiBlaisdell, E. W., Jr., 298Blaisdell, Elija O. W., 298Blaisdell, Richard P., 298Blake, 80, 196Blake, James V., 142Blakely, C. H., 84Blakely, David, 84Blakely, George E., 124, 127Blanchard, H. S., 46Blanchard, Reverend J., 92Blanchard, Rufus, 74Bland, Mrs. M. Cora, 96Bland, S. Z., 261Bland, Doctor T. A., 118Blandin, C. W., 308Blaney, Doctor James V. Z., 56Blenkner, Theodore, 258Bliss, C. P., 200Bliss, C. W., 200Bliss, Edward, 72Blinn, Odelia, noBlocher, John, 180Block, D. J., 158Blocki, W. F., 93Blodgett, H. W., 227Blome, F. L., 327Blood, H. G., 234Bloodgood, H. F., 311, 313, 319, 351Bloomfield, 193Bloomington, Herbert W., 117Bloomington, J. S., 117Bloyer, 2"Rlumenthal, Charles E., 139Boardman, I. S., 161, 162Boardman, S., 73Boardman, W. H., 106Bocquet, 238Bode, 69Boelitz, R., 8Boeschenstein, Charles, 168Bogan, John S., 254

INDEX TO NAMES 539Bohman, 123Bohman, G. A., 74.Bohn, C. H., 126Bohn, H. J., 126Bohn, John J., 127Boies, Edward I., 331Boies, H. L., 331Boles, William H., 233Boll, William, 194Bollam, M., 197Bolles, W. A., 270Bond, Benjamin, 35, 42, 43Bond, Colonel J. R. S., 240Bond, Shadrach, 314Bondurant, George N., 350Bone, James, 263Bonggren, Jacob, 138Bonham, F. M., 295Bonham, Jeriah, 91Bonnell, Charles E., 137Bonney, C. C., 219Bookwalter, A., 239Boone, Levi D., 60Booth, A. J., 182, 298Booth, G. J., 248Borland, M. W., 93Bornman, Henry, 294Boss, Henry R., 128, 286Bostwick, C. B., 238, 239Bosworth, H. C., 193Botsford, E. M., 299Botsford, R. N., 309Bouton, H. C., 10Bouton, T. F., 209, 257Bovard, 50, 51, 223, 355Bovard, C. W., 194Bovard, M. F., 194, 235Bovard, R. E., 194Bowen, 116, 169, 224Bowen, B. Frank, 164, 232Bowen, Charles, 59Bowen, E. R., 69Bowen, J. E., 163, 164Bowie, James, 188, 244Bowman, 254Bowman, Albert H., 2, 174Bowman, Eliza W., 75Bowman, John B., 165Boyakin, W. F., 23Boyce, W. D., inBoyd, A. C., 161Boyd, B. F., 200Boyd, Frank, 187Boyd, H. A., 46Boyd, James H., 162Boyd, James L., 20Boyd, James P., 156Boyd, John, 284Boyd, M., 262Boyd, Tom, 187Boyer, Eli, 266Boyle, 281, 282Boyles, J. Ward, 132, 145, 146Boynton, Charles, 219, 327Brace, Henry Clay, 129Brackett, A. J., 303Brackett, Charles E., 121Brackett, William S., 280Brackett, William W., 53, 54Bradbury, R. R., 360Bradbury, Dewitt H., 353Bradbury, Samuel I., 353Bradbury, Thomas, 59Braden, Joseph L., 208Bradley, 240Bradley, A. F., 119Bradley, L. M., 250Bradsby, 37Bradsby, Henry C., 36, 157, 169Bradshaw, Charles, 45Bradwell, J. B., 97Bradwell, Myra, 97Brady, J. C., 169Brag, 1 80Bragdon, Charles D., 54, 73Braham, George, 132Brainard, Daniel, 56Brainard, W. H. H., 15Brainerd, 139Brand, Horace L., 62, 107

540 ILLINOIS HISTORICALICOLLECTIONSBrand, H. R., 107Brandt, Carl, 22Brandecker, Franz Xavier, 76Brawley, 180Brayton, 252Breath, Edward, 3, 6Breed, Dwight B., 180Breeden, L. C., 222Breen, Charles F., 220Breese, Sidney, xxxiv, 24, 166, n. i,212, 213, 315Bremer, Charles, 325Brenckle, F. W., 142Brennan, 87Brennan, C. H., 244Brent, James, 157Brentano, Lorenz, 62Brevoort, J. H., 62, 308Brewer, 295Brewer, D. L., 220Brewster, 115Brewster, George, Ixxxvi, 14, 238, 310Brey, Joseph E., 284Brickey, John, 295Brickey, William, 295Brickley, 24Brickley, R. B., 163Bridges, E. T., 219Briggs, 28, 336Briggs, A. W., 13Briggs, E. H., 142Briggs, Ernest L., 124Briggs, F. J., 28Briggs, Lafayette, 345, 346Briggs, O. W., 275Briggs, S. A., 104, 112Bright, 181Brimhall, Elmer, 351Brinkerhoff, J.H. G., 237Bristol, 184Bristol, C. A., 240Bristol, W. N., 210Broberg, Gustav C., 88Brock, William T., 7Brock, W. J., 210Brockman, Eugene C., 254Brockway, J. Nelson, 25Bromwell, H. P. H., 343Bronson, Eugene J., 9, 34Brooke, H. M., 46Brookman, A. C., 249Brooks, 283Brooks, Austin, 251, 291, 294Brooks, D. C., 93Brooks, Edward P., 130, 280Brooks, Frank H., 135Brooks, John P. 31Brooks, John S., 39Brooks, Martin, 7, 254Brooks, McHenry, 50Brooks, Noah, 162Brooks, Samuel S., Ix, Ixiii, Ixvii, 6,35, 36, 166, 167, 203, 222, 254, 322,323Bross, B. F., 87Bross, William, Ixxii, 58, 60, 63Brower, Daniel R., 57Brown, 50, 179, 195, 238, 263, 285, 334Brown, A. F., 330Brown, Ansel L., 169Brown, Arthur G., 245Brown, Asa B., 55Brown, B., 345Brown, Beriah, 183Brown, C. D., 234Brown, C. E., 333Brown, George P., 30Brown, George T., 7Brown, Mrs. H. F. M., 90Brown, Doctor J. A., 179Brown, James B., 183Brown, James R., 167, 168Brown, John A., 159, 298Brown, John W., 80, 113, 119Brown, Reverend J. R., 8Brown, R. F., 176, 177, 351Brown, Richard H., 234, 251Brown, R. L., 230Brown, Reverend S. H., 150Brown, Doctor S. Turner, 255

INDEX TO NAMES54iBrown, S. W., 185Brown, W. C., 27, 154, 204, 214Brown, William H., xlvii, 340Brown, W. R., 234Brown, W. W., 7Browne, Francis Fisher, 99, 114Browne, J. Stanley, 301Brownlee, 181Brownlee, A. M., 26, 347Brucker, 125Brundage, J. H., 353Bruer, C. R., 288Bruce, S. C., 244Brus, William J., 281Brush, General D. H., 40Bryant, no, 179, 283Bryant, De Witt, 222Bryant, H. B., 89Bryant, John H., 289Bryant, William Cullen, 289Bryant, William E., 156Bryan, E. S., 246Buchanan, James, 258, 315, 327Buchanan, J. S., 3Buchanan, Oihniel, 194Buck, C. F., 246Buck, E. B., 29, 41, 50, 210, 2iiBuck, E. N., 157Buckle, H. W., 247Bucklin, George, 248Bucklin, S. H., 248Buckner, A. H., 203Bucks, C. H., 331Buell, C. C., 117Buffington, 270Buffington, Henry C., 247Buffum, Mrs. A., 92, 113Buff urn, John W., 6Bulion, J. R., 236Bull, James R., 63Bullock, H. E., 294, 295Bunce, 184Bunce, John J., 49, 347 357Bundy, John C., 84Bundy, Doctor Samuel H., 233Bunn, George, 155Bunn, Jacob, 85Bunsen, George C., 24Buntin, J. F., 220Buntin, John J., 266Buntin, Mary, 220Burch, Charles S., 115Burchell, R. C., 252, 268Burdette, Robert J., 281Burdick, Reverend, 150Burdick, Spencer S., 198Burgess, C. L., 359Burgess, G. A., 247Burgess, L. C., 247Burgess, O. A., 280Burgess, William, 136Burke, L. L., 17Burke, Solomon S., 172Burke, W. S., 116Burks, J. F., 195Burner, 295Burnett, 37Burnett, B. F., 226Burnett, George B., 168Burnham, J. H., 28Burns, E. A., 318Burns, Neil C., 251Burns, W. W., 286Burnside, General Ambrose E., Ixxxiii,Ixxxiv, n., Ixxxv, n., 66Burnside, Edward, 233Burnside, J. O. P., 180Burr, Frank, 81Burr, G. J., 257Burr, L. L., 206Burrington, 9Burroughs, 91, 354Burroughs, Doctor J. C., 60Burrows, 101Burrows, L. E., 179Burt, George, Jr., 198Burtch, N. B., 196Burtin, B. H., 97Burton, Albert, 235Burton, D. A., 46, 259

542 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSBurton, David B., 235Calhoun, John, 52Burton, John W., 41Calhoun, W. R., 213Burton, Pierce, 15Callaghan, 100Burton, W. R., 311Callahan, E., 202Busbey, W. H., inCalvert, 301Busby, T. Addison, 133Calvin, 203Buser, Jacob J., 269Calvo, J. P. M., 250, 251Bush, D. B., 285Cambridge, W. G., 330Bush, D. B., Jr., 284Cameron, A. C., 80Bush, J. M., 285Cameron, Daniel, 65Bush, J. M., Jr., 285Camp, 113Bush, John, 253Camp, John R., 35Bush, W. C., 285Camp, W. M., 93Bushnell, N., 291Campbell, 249Bushnell, Thomas M., 330Campbell, A. B., 335Butler, 295Campbell, C. 230Butler, Burridge D., 54Campbell, Charles, 320Butler, Edwin, 336Campbell, E. F., 152Butler, J. B., 272Campbell, George, 320Butler, J. W., iCampbell, J., 55Butler, Richard, 152Campbell, J. D., 286, 287Butler, Samuel, 278Campbell, Reverend J. P., 265Butler, W. Henry, 278, 336Campbell, J. R., 230Butt, H. H. M., 315Campbell, O. L., 216Butterfield, Professor James A., 218 Campbell, Mrs. Theodore C., 134Butterworth, T., 293Campbell, W. P., 13Button, C. C., iCanfield, 190Butz, Caspar, 81Canisius, Doctor Theodore, 8, 324Buxton, Abraham S., 278Cannon, H. H., 21Byford, Doctor William H., 57Cannon, J. R., 21Byrne, James P., 83Canterbury, Rufus P., 48Cabeen, Thomas B., 213, 214Cantril, D. M., 316Caddington, 272Cantwell, Reverend J. S., 63Cadogan, J. P., 291Cape, 250Cadwell, W. H., 298Carey, 181Cady, C. M., 71Carey, W., 235Caflin, 249Carlin, C. C., 358Caffrey, Major, 36Carlin, W. H., 293Caffrey, William, 126, 327Carlson, Samuel E., 88Cahill, M. J., 120Carlsson, Erland, 74, 114Cain, 283Carlton, W. R., 331Cain, Fletcher, 355Carman, 343Cairns, William C., 341Carman, J. N., 280Caldwell, 232Carothers, Mrs. P. W. B., 227Caldwell, W. H., 25 Carpenter, 28, 113, 118, 301

INDEX TO NAMES 543Carpenter, C. C., 229Carpenter, E. L., 10Carpenter, James W., 286, 287Carpenter, J. H., 25Carpenter, Le Roy, 346Carpenter, Stephen D., 180Carr, 333Carr, C. E., 186Carr, E. L., 305Carr, J. K., 236Carr, J. S., 209Carr, R. M., 12, 273Carr, Spencer, 170Carr, William R., 13, 38Carrier, Irving, 173, 235, 244, 329Carroll, Charles, 281Carroll, Felix C., 266Carrothers, John, 48Carson, 259Carson, C. H., 117Carson, Fred D., 103Carson, Will C., 194Carter, C. E., 20, 154, 175, 245Carter, Joseph, 30Carter, Joseph D., 177Carter, William Lloyd, 176Carver, 118Carver, Doctor W. C., 32Case, 205Case, A. B., 56, 290Case, Hardin, 43Case, Zophar, 42, 43Casey, 255Casey, Samuel, 234Cashman, D. A., 134Cass, E. G., 153, 275Cass, L. A., 30Cass, Lewis, 157, 320Casson, 38, 219Casson, H., Jr., 150, 290Casterline, Doctor Z., 249Castle, Frank M., 277Castle, John B., 312Castle, M. B., 312Cauch, Robert, 173Caulk, L. D., 153Cavan, David, 174Cavanaugh, T. H., 205Cella, Paola, 92Cermak, Joseph, 148Cerveny, Reverend Peter, 119Cervin, Doctor A. R., 74, 114, 185Chabin, A. W., 12, 273Chaddock, R. P., 33, 360Chadwick, 263Chadwick, R. P., 218Chaffee, A. H., 270Chaiser, 187Chaiser, Andrew, 88, 108, 119Chalcraft, 2Chambers, iChamberlain, 268Chamberlain, John, 242Chamberlin, Ira D., 27, 38Champion, Thomas E., 348Champlin, 271Chandler, 217Chandler, E. C., 302Chandler, Edwin W., 136Chandler, H. B., 66Chandler, Hannibal H., 120, 122, 136146Chandler, T. H., 215Chandler, W. W., 359Channing, William H., 79Chapel, S. W., 57Chapin, Reverend A. L., 58Chapin, E. B., 335Chapin, E. J., 335Chapin, Horace, 204, 207, 321Chapin, Leonidas, 238Chapin, L. H., 33Chaplin, Reverend W. J., 81, 90, 92Chapman, 32, 261, 281Chapman, Albert, 358Chapman, A. S., 190Chapman, J. B., 262, 329, 344Chapman, Jerome, 147Chapman, J. M., 96Chapman, Noyes B., 333

544 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSChapman, W. A., 330Chapman, W. W., 357Chappell, R. D., 201Chappell, R. W., 104Chappell, S. A., 93, 94Charles, H. E., 290Charles, Henry, 44Charles, J. E., 290Charles, William, 192Chase, 89Chase, A. H., 100Chase, D. C., 142Chase, E. E., 10Chase, L. G., 47Chase, Reverend Philander, 209Chase, Salmon P., 341Chatterton, A. L., 139Chatterton, J. H., 313Chatterton, Sam D., 313Chatfield, James M., 67Chatfield, John, Jr., 67Cheadle, T. A., 227Cheesebro, 288Chenault, J. T., 27Cheney, Reverend Charles Edward, 83Chenoweth, W. J., 157Chesbro, S. K. J., 332Chesley, H. H., 215Chesley, M. A., 359Chesley, T. H., 215Chesney, E. E., iChester, A., 210Chester, Elihu W., 5Chickering, E. B., 268Childs, G. M., 45, 46, 153, 154Childs, Henry, 85Childs, Henry C., 355Childs, J. F., 61Childs, John A., 174Childress, E. H., 176Childress, W. S., 273Chisholm, A., 95Chisholm, Samuel S., 120, 271Christ, 39Chittenden, Eli, 49, 317Chittenden, E. F., 211, 272Chitwood, W. E., 344Christian, 188Christie, 171Christopher, Reverend W. B., 90Church, 75, 92, 99Church, Charles A., 25, 301Church, Mrs. C. H., 102Church, Reverend Leroy, 61Churchill, George, xli, 6, 166Ciolino (Ciolina(?)), Francesca, 30Clanahan, Sim V., 191Clancy, F. B., 131Clapp, 232, 358Clapp, Aaron, 199Clapp, Clement L., 45, 356Clapp, D., 155Claridge, R. R., 191Clark, 361Clark, Doctor Anson L., 98Clark, Daniel, 191Clark, Eugene, 19Clark, Fordyce C., 194Clark, George M., 179Clark, H. J., 288Clark, Homer, 169Clark, J. E., 2Clark, Reverend James H., 329Clark, John S., 246Clark, John T. C., 20Clark, M. O., 245Clark, Sumner, 169Clark, Thaddeus, 217Clark, William H., 356Clark, W. W., 16Clarke, 45, 56Clarke, J. Edward, 192Clarke, J. N., 108Clarke, Mrs. Mary G., 75, 108Clarke, S. J., i, 231, 246Clarke, T. S., i, 231Clarke, W. F., 77Clarkson, J. J., 72, 324Clarkson, J. K., 179Clay, C., 283

INDEX TO NAMES 545Clay, H. L., 44, 283Clay, Henry, 54, 202, 222, 276, 307Clayton, A. C., 207Clayton, W. W., 70Clearwaters, Reuben, 178Clearwaters, Wesley, 178Clemen, G., 30Clemens, C. C., 51Clement, Charles, 207Clement, J., 103Clendenin, H. W., 323Cleveland, Doctor E. T., 163Cleveland, F. W., 55Cleveland, Grover, 294Cleveland, P., 291, 292Cleviston, S. G., 1 1Clifford, Paul J., 178Clifford, W. H., 205Clifton, J. W., 281Climie, J. M., 82Clinton, John W., 179, 286, 287Clippinger, A. C., 331Clissold, H. R., noCoates, 289Coates, W. C., 25Cobb, H. C., 282Cobb, John H., 17Cobb, M. H., 17Cobb, William R., 328Cobet, M. Etienne, 261Coburn, 105Coburn, John J., 252Cochran, E. C., 251Cochran, William A., 316Cockle, Washington, 278Cockraft, 308Cockroft, 189Cockroft, Joseph, 188Cockson, W. C., 108Coe, T. W., 153Coe, W. S., 263Coen, P. Albert, 79Coffey, Cornelius J., 94Coffey, J. R., 94Cogswell, L. S., 217Cohen, George, 127Coker, Mrs. Catherine, 230Coker, John, 230, 315, n.Colby, G. F., 276Colby, W. A., 156Cole, 126, 131, 297Cole, M. E., 127Coleman, H. R., 173Coleman, James N., 320Coler, William N., 338Coles Edward, xli; xlii; xfii, nn.; xlvi;xlvii, n; xlvi'i; 340; 341Colgrove, S. E., 17Collins, 137, 216Collins, A. C., 25Collins, Frank F.,Collins, L. C., 122Collins, M. E., 288Collins, Nathan, nCollins, T. B., 210nCollins, William H., 204Collins, William T., 144, 357Collison, Fred, 295Collyer, Robert, 91, 95, 113, 142Colton, Austin, 298Colton, Dr. D. A., 68Colton, L. J., 289Coltrin, Isaac N., 151, 158Colville, 186Colvin, 275Colyer, Walter, 2Combs, D. J., 29Committi, J. E., 68, 69Comstock, 117Comstock, Allen, 292Conant, Luther, 137Condit, E. S., 47Condon, A. G., 52Condon, Doctor Sidney S., 209Conklin, 253Conklin, James C., 323Conley, Edward D., 33, 208, 356Conlin, 155Conn, R. L., 295Connell, J. W., 315i

546 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSConnell, James F., 233, 250Connelly, 248Connelly, H. C., 303Conner, 222Conner, Edward, 322Conner, Paul, 333Connolly, 153Connor, 17Connor, J. R., 221Conover, John F., 195, 196Constantine, Louis A., 16Converse, 337Conway, Miles A., 303Conzett, Conrad, 125, 130Cook, 65, 70, 105, 226, 227, 243Cook, C. W., 198Cook, Daniel P., xxxv; xlii; xliv; 211,n. i, 212, 340Cook, David C., 128, 134Cook, Edward, 143Cook, Ezra, 92Cook, G. Wilbur, 317, 318Cook, H. W., 208Cook, I. H., 198Cook, Isaac, 65, 73Cook, John W., 30, 264Cook, Philip, 287Cooke, 57, 124Cooke, D. B., 70Cooke, D. H., 332Coolidge, H. A., 226Coolidge, H. H., 316Coon, A. S., 177Coon, C. D., 177Coon, John J., 190Coon, R. W., 25, 273Coon, Reuben W., 352Cooper, 193Cooper, G. W., 274Cooper, J. C., 47Cooper, Peter, ci, 15, 254Cooper, William B., 175Cope, Doctor J. D., 311Cope, Doctor J. W., 310Copeland, James P., 233, 234Copley, Ira C., 172Corbett, I. E., 290Corbett, Richard W., 16Corbett, W. W., 54Corbus, 9Corey, A. W., Ixii; Ixii, n.; 5; 6Corey, Frank, 238Corey, Mayron, 277Corey, Wells, 238Corliss, George W., 123Gorman, A. H., 157, 159, 235Cornell, Charles, 27Cornick, H. M., 195Cornwell, 278Corson, Fred W., 249, 250Cort, Reverend C., 199Corwin, Franklin, 270Corwin, H. S., 282, 283 .Cory, James Y., 352Cossar, W. S., 115Costello, James T., 251Cotmer, 135Cotrell, 9Cotton, Ike, iCouch, Doctor A. A., 349Couch, Richard, 12, 273, 317Coulson, Erne M., 217Coulson, J. C., 217Coulter, 205Coulter, James S., 20, 310, 320Coulter, Doctor John M., 130, 131Coulter, M. S., 130Coulter, Samuel L., 279Courow, William L., 33Coursen, John R., 302Cousley, W. J. A., 4Cowan, 34Cowan, A. T., 287Cowan, S. G., 184Cowdery, 82Cowdrey, Robert H., 93Cowles, 86, 143Cowles, Alfred, 59Cowles, T. Z., 119Coyle, William H., 203

INDEX TO NAMES 547Coyne, 125Cox, Daniel, 265Cox, John E., 173Cox, Thomas, 248Crabb, 167, 168Crabb, Joseph, 165Crabbe, J. Irving, 137Craig, Elder, 45Craig, John, 44Craig, Phil A., 191Craig, W. F., 223Crandall, Bruce V., 143Crandall, Charles A., 347Crandall, Charles E., 48, 104, 105, 227338, 354Crandall, David S., 48, 105, 227, 338Crandall, Dudley S., 48, 105, 227Crandall, E. R., 227Crandall, L. D., 327Crane, John M., 235, 236Crane, J. W., 265Cranston, 67Cratty, Thomas, 281Cravens, W., 76Crawford, 248Creed, 275Creed, Dudley, 31Creed, Shannon, 327Creighton, S. P., 80Cremer, Bernard, 280Crenshaw, William R., 190Cresswell, R. B., 30Creswell, 139Creswell, James, 284Creswell, Robert H., 284Crichton, 244Crihfield, Horace, 13, 243Crihfield, R. C., 243Crisp, Charles, 357, 358Crist, Daniel, 302Critchfield, Doctor, 190Croly, David G., 300Cromer, John C., 201, 306Crone, 68Cronkhite, P. C., 155Cronsioe, S., 70, 187Cronwall, Gottfried, 87Crook, L., 146Crooker, 240Cropley, Edward S., 20Crosby, 354Crosman, Walter D., 93, 143Cross, 223, 294Cross, F., 295Cross, R., 295Crossar, W. L., 147Grossman, R. B., 168Grossman, S. V., 4, 7, 168Grossman, T. M., 168Grossman, W. R., 168Crotzer, Irving S., 221Crouch, Charles, 183, 184Crowell, 92, 96Crurn, W. C., 143Crump, M. J., 216Culbertson, John, 160Cullen, William, 270, 271Gulp, George, 234Gulp, S. W., 249Culver, 101Culver, John, 50Cumins, 360Cummings, 177Cummings, A. B., 151Cummings, Alonzo L., 184Cummings, J. E., 35Cunningham, 120Cunningham, F. M., 284Cunningham, J. O., 46, 47, 338, 339Cunningham J. W., 284Cunningham, John, 193Cunningham, M. F., 189Cunningham, W. C., 177Cunningham, Walter H., 193Curlee, 164, 332, 333Curran, Reverend James J., 94Curran, John, 227Curran, W. W., 203Currie, William H., 71Curry, A. N., 283

548 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCurtis, Addison G., 228Curtis, George L., 31Curtis, Reverend H., 66Curtis, S. B., 255Curtis, William E.,Curtiss, D. L., 59Curtiss, G. R., 173Curtiss, W. W., 162Gushing, C. H., 101Gushing, M. A., 243Custer, 186Custer, Mathias, 189Custer, O. N., 186inCutler, Charles T., 202Cutler, George W., 201Cyrus, C. M., 164Cyrus, George W., 38Dafoe, 10Dagger, Jefferson L., 41Daggett, Doctor J. F., 227Dake, O. C., 167, 223Daley, 86Dallam, 167Dallam, F. A., 268, 291, 292, 349Dallam, Frank M., 349Dallam, Phil, 349Dalton, Frederick D., 11,33, J 39> I S3>329Dana, Charles A., 85Dandy, John M., 124Danenhower, J. W., 69Danenhower, William Weaver, 64, 69Danforth, J. B., 303, 304Danforth, J. B., Jr., 303Danforth, Doctor W., 85Daniel, M. E., 230Daniels, 139Daniels, George H., 170Daniels, J. A., 106Danley, 333Dann, 20Dann, George Jr., 19Dann, George, Sr., 19, 20Darby, D. H., 240Darby, James, 317Darrah, H. C., 129, 130Dart, Addison A., 290Dashiell, A. M., 158Daughcrty, Elias C., Ixxvii, Ixxviii,298, 299, 300Daugherty, S. M., 299David, A. G., 42, 345Davidson, 40, 55, 57, 58Davidson, Charles E., 194Davidson, E. J., 174Davidson, H. L., 24Davidson, James M., 197, 222Davidson, William H., 6Davidson, William T., 222Davies, A. D., 357Davis, 19, 200, 267, 283, 303, 332, 343Davis, A. D., 307Davis, A. J., 156Davis, C. B., 56Davis, C. M., 222Davis, C. R., 177, 193, 228Davis, D. L., 37Davis, E. G., 275Davis, G. W., 306, 307Davis, George T. M., 4Davis, Gervis M., 254Davis, H. K., 28, 254, 338Davis, H. K. W., 278Davis, H. O., 28Davis, Doctor H. W., 274Davis, General Hasbrouck, 84Davis, I. H., 76, 355Davis, Jacob C., 349Davis, Louis L., 37, 38Davis, Mrs. Mary, 254Davis, McFarren, 274Davis, N. C., 343Davis, Doctor N. S., 56, 57, 63, 76Davis, O. L., 48Davis, S. H., 101, 278Davis, S. P., 333Davis, S. W., 274Davis, South wick, 184, 185Davis, T. O., 53Davis, W. B., 63, 254

INDEX TO NAMES 549De Davis, Doctor W. H., 98De Kay, 352 Dietrich, J. E., 319Davis, W. O., 28Davison, 172Davison, A. L., 39Davison, Alpheus, 39Lacy, James, 235Delahay, Mark W., 258, 345Delay, 155, 273De Lay, James M., 151De Lay, W., 151Davison, I. C., 45De Levis, M. M., 151, 152, 272Davison, J. M., 45Davison, Mrs. S. C., 45Davison, W. K., 349Davisson, Don, 255Davisson, R. A., 241Davisson, W. W., 230De Motte, H. C., 30, 31Dempster, W. L., 311Denhard, C. W., 271Denison, 38Denlinger, 255Denneman, William F., 136Davisson, William, 255Dennis, Stephen W., 245Daw, Herbert Lawson, 239Dennison, T. S., 146Dawes, Alexander G., 21Dawley, T. R., 70Dawson, James P., 281Denslow, V. B., 85Denslow, W. F., 288Densmore, J. A., in, 118Dawson, Thomas H., 228Denson, Chester R., 244Day, D. G., 203Depue, G. B., 242Day, E. M., 257Day, George T., 127Day, Reverend J. M., 62Day, J. T., 162Day, Patrick H., 3 1Day, Sam B., 220De Puy, Henry W., 299De Tocqueville, IviDetrich, J. E., 320De Veling, J. M., 50Devine, Thomas H., 358Devore, E. C., 310Dayton, Fred, 302Devore, W. C., 178, 229De Ahna, E. M., 196Dew, E. C., 43Dealy, T. W., 101Dewey, John F., 16, 18, 309Dean, 289Dean, Fred O., 245De Wolf, L. E., 355Dicey, 118Dean, Jay H., 245Dean, John W., 51, 52, 97, 112Deardon, R. R., 82, 90Dick, George W., 214Dickens, A. N., 9Dickens, Charles, 9De Berard, F. B., 121, 122Dicker, 113Decker, 288Dickerson, C. D., 18, 200Dedman, R. D., 357Dickerson, Reverend J. S., 61Dedrich, 345Dickerson, James K., 220Dee, 94Dickey, T. Lyle, 307Defebaugh, J. E., 118Dicks, O., 265Defrees, John D., 56Dickson, David T., 299De Geer, Mrs. M. E., 121, 199Dicus, G. W., 297De Hart, C., 217Didier, Louis, 23Deitrich, Robert .,52Diehl, Charles S., 108, 354De Journette, 295Dietrich, Don E., 320

550 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSDietrich, Julius, 32Dietrick, George V., 186Diggs, B. F., 28, 29Dilg, Fred, 237, 238Dill, 274Dill, E. P., 201Dille, 265Diller, Thomas, 328Dimmick, L. W., 175, 335Dimmick, O. J., 175, 335Dimmock, Thomas, 7Dinsmore, Vose, 108Dishon, Bethune, 17, 257Ditten, J., 131Diversey, Michael, 69Dixon, 114Dixon, G. W., 358Doane, James A., 96Dobelbower, John C., 7, 206Dodd, 275Dodds, 254Dodds, Samuel J.,220Doggett, Kate Newell, 122Doherty, Will S., 172Dolbee, S. R., 4Donald, Gustav, 304Donnelley, 75, 99, 127Donohoe, Henry F., 144, 145Dooley, A. H., 294Doolittle, Alfred, 210Doolittle, William B., 67Dopf, J. D., 252, 286Doran, E. F., 290Dore, C. F., 179Dorland, Willet, 89Dornaun, P. A., 304Dorwin, Harry F., 321Dose, William F., 22Doubleday, R., 8Dougherty, 10Dougherty, Governor George M., 209Dougherty, William E., 127Douglas, George W., 250Douglas, Stephen A., Ixxii, Ixxvi,Ixxviii, Ixxix, Ixxxvii, Ixxxvii, n., 7,60, n., 65, n., 76, 209, 226, 235, 253,272, 279, 282, 283, 297, 311, 315322, 324, 331, 338Doulton, Francis M., 253Douthit, Reverend Jasper L., 318Dow, J. D., 69Dowdall, William T., 7, 277, 281, 347Dowdall, W. Y., 205Dowler, 255Dowling, Levi H., 31, 102Dowling, W. W., 102Downey, O. L., 295Downing, Finis E., 347Downing, H. F., 347Downs, Dudley, 173Downs, S. Usmar, 202Dowst, Charles, 141Dowst, N. P., 352Dowst, S. M., 352Doxsey, 275Doying, George E., 43, 205Drake, B. C., 18, 19Draper, A. H., 263, 264Draper, E. Frank, 264Dresser, Clarence P., 131Drew, Reverend J. B., 105Driscoll, D. D., 63Driscoll, John, IxxxviiDriscoll, William, IxxxviiDriscolls, 298Drown, S. De Witt, 278Drum, M. E., 43Drumm, Charles, 267Dubois, Jesse K., 85Dubois, T. E., 175Duck, C. Hill, 357Dudman, T. J., 231Duelinger, 23Duemling, Doctor H., 135Dufield, John A., 360Dufield, M. C., 360Dugan, J. W., 56Dugger, S. B., 12, 283Dunaway, Jacob, 346Dunbar, Al, 49

INDEX TO NAMESDyer, L. M., 50Dunbar, D. C., 191, 252Dyckes, Joseph, 222 Edgren, Doctor J. A., 119, 135Dunbar, Joel, 253Dunbar, Lucien, 49Duncan, 198Duncan, F., 76Duncan, J. E., 276Duncan, John H. ( 234Dyer, Silas F., 50Dyniewicz, Wladyslaw, 116Dyson, Edwin, 307Ealy, 121Eames, 3Eames, Charles M., 204Duncan, Joseph, 28, 203, 211, n. r, Eaton, R. A., 30252Earl, 276Duncan, Joseph C., 315Duncan, Matthew, 211; 211, n., 342Duncan, Doctor T. C., 76Dunham, Doctor J. C., 227, 275Earlie, 271Earlie, George, 163Earlie, George E., 3, 171Earlie, William H., 3Dunkelberg, J. J., 337Easley, "Bill," 347Dunkley, 86Eastburn, D. J., 318Dunlap, Adam, 307Dunlap, B. J., 359Dunlap, H. J., 48, 211Dunlap, Joseph R., 66Dunlap, M. L., 324Dunlap, R. L., 69Dunn, Doctor A. A., 38, 186Eastman, 6Eastman, Colonel F. A., 301Eastman, Francis A., 76Eastman, John C., 57Eastman, O. S., 196Eastman, Otis M., 175Eastman, W. F., 245, 327, 328Dunn, F. W., 100Eastman, Zebina, 53, 55, 57, 58, 64,Dunn, James E., 326Dunn, Reverend R. C., 335Dunnan, J. W., 228, 275Dunnegan, 167Dunning, S. Wright, 7371, 170, 197, 229Eaton, 318Eaton, A. E., 49Eaton, B. D. M., 96Eaton, Collins, 148Dunscomb, G. E., 358Dunton, E. M., 131Dunton, Frank H., 131Durdy, Robert L., 197Durell, Edward P., 344Durell, George L., 344Durham, Gabriel, 210Durham, J. B., 210Dustin, Daniel, 331Dustin, William G., 164Dutch, Alfred, 58Dutcher, 225Eaton, W. L., 299, 302Eaton, Will D., 144Eberhart, J. T., 75Ebert, Albert E., 93Ebey, Charles B., 332Eby, Charles H., 10Ecden, John R., 330Eckert, Doctor T. W., 25, 221, 265Eckles, 289Eddy, A., 66Eddy, C. J., 305Eddy, Henry, xli, xlii, xliv, xlix, 314Dutcher, Charles F., 208314, n. iD wight, 1 02Eddy, Reverend Thomas M., 67Dwight, Josiah, 359Dwight, Walter T., 109Edgar, Colonel William H., 191, 207Edgerton, James J., 54

552 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSEdmonds, John, 224, 225Edmondson, Theodore, 176Edson, 359Edson, J. M., 96, 187, 257Edwards, A. W., 34, 42, 189Edwards, Allie, 316Edwards, Reverend Arthur, 67Edwards, B., 145Edwards, Charles, 321, 323Edwards, Conrad O., 315, 316Edwards, Cyrus, 6Edwards, E. H., 32Edwards, E. W., 223Edwards, Essie, 316Edwards, George K., 230Edwards, J. J., 327Edwards, James G., 202, 203Edwards, John C., 230Edwards, Ninian, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxv,xxxviii, xli, 166, n. i, 182, 211, n. i,213, 3 21Edwards, T. H., 327Edwards, W., 315Eggleston, E. C., 97Eggleston, Edward, 83, 84Eggleston, Reverend N. H., 58Eichenburger, Rudolph, 279Einstein, 118Ela, E. S., 159Elderkin, 281Ellerston, Joe, 131Elliff, E. H., 221, 295, 337Ellingwood, Doctor Finley, 98Elliott, 282Elliott, D. H., iElliott, Samuel, 98Ellis, 54, 55, 357Ellis, E. J., 226Ellis, George H., 126Ellis, J. Ward, 90Ellis, Sumner, 92Ellis, T. H., 357Ellis, W. O., 239Ellis, William, 56Ellison, 290Ellsworth, Bertha H., 171Ellsworth, Spencer, 150, 192, 216, 217,218, 219, 282, 319Ellsworth, Spencer, Jr., 216Elmblad, 138Elmblad, Magnus, 87, 245Elmstrom, H. K., 82Elson, Louis C., 119Eltzholtz, Reverend C. F., 103, 122Elwell, J. S., 95Emerie, J. R., 249Emerson, Merton J., 196Emery, Enoch, 280, 281Emery, Henry D., 54, 73Emmerson, Morris, 2, 223, 256Emmert, D. B., 251Emmert, J. P., 251Emmons, Sylvester, Ixxxviii, 18, 261Emrich, Henry, 186Enander, 123Enander, Johan Alfred, 74Engberg, Jonas, 74Engelhard, G. H., 146Engelhard, George P., 122, 149England, Reverend M. J., 303Englemann, Theodore, 21, 22English, George, 251Ennis, 8Enoch, Hiram E., 301Enos, 296Enos, James L., 59, 61Ensign, H. L., 114Epperson, S. A., 34Ericson, Albert, 82, 300Erikson, C. F., 88Erixon, K., 134Ernst, Rudolph, 343Errett, C., 32Errett, L. L., 32Errett, Wade, 32, 187Erskine, Reverend E. E., 7 1Ervin, A. W., 35, 313Eshelman, M. M., 218Essellen, Christian, 67Essick, J. C., 273

INDEX TO NAMES 553Farris, T. G., Jr., 344Ettelsohn, N. B., 147Farris, John, 228 Fish, Charles E., 190Eustace, John V., 161, 162Evans, 117, 257Evans, Charles A., 89Evans, Doctor Charles H., 76Evans, Daniel, 219Evans, James, 209Evans, John, 56, 208Farwell, 276Farwell, John V., 85Fassett, Herbert S., 149Fast, Harry D., 290Fawcett, James L., 165Fawcett, W. L., 145Faxon, Charles, Ixxvii, 289Evans, R. J., 173Faxon, E. W., 10Evans, W. H., 251Evarts, 311Evarts, J. W., 47Evarts, Reverend W. W., 83Everett, 38Everett, B. B., 330Everett, C. W., 330Faxon, George S., 286Faxon, Len G., 35Fay, H. W., 201Fay, W. L., 204Faye, Charles M., 16Feezer, Colonel M., 252Fegan, W. H., 329Everett, L. S., 184Feistcorn, Charles A., 32, 162Everett, Doctor Wilson, 197Evert, 112Feitsam, Sebastian, 22, 24Fell, Jesse W., 27, 28Ewald, Reverend Carl A., 137Felts, James H., 234Ewing, R. M., 178Ewing, William, 283Eyer, Elijah H. 18, 257Eystra, J. W., 38Fagin, Edward, 320Fairchild, T. S., 323Fairchild, William B., 45, 165Falk, Theodore, 277Fallows, Bishop Samuel, 130Faltz, Charles W., 319Fanning, 205Faris, John M., 356Farley, J. J., 273Fenn, Edward P., 95Fergus, Robert, 54, 55, 56, 67Ferguson, Alfred, 351Feries, McDonald, 220Ferris, James H., 361Ferriss, 208, 227Ferriss, J. H., 285Feuchtinger, G., 79Ficklin, O. B., 250Fiedler, Hermann, 22Field, 37Field, Alexander P., xlivField, Eugene, 268, n. iFarley, P. A., 273Farley, S. P., 236Farmer, W. L., 352Farnham, 336Farnum, 92Farnum, E. J., 163Field, Phillip V., 191Fielding, Isaac, 48, 49Fields, H. R., 318Filler, J. W., 169, 175Fillmore, Millard, 61, 70, 174, 324Finch, J. M., 182Farrar, Doctor S. F., 57Finch, W. R., 170Farrelly, H. P., 44Farris, 193Farris, Fergis, 234Farris, J. M., 243, 349Finch, Willis E., 165Finley, Thomas J., 208Fischer, A. W., 23Fischer, Theodore, 42

554 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFish, Ferdinand, 131Fisher, 129, 188, 271Fisher, J. W., 223Fisk, Ixxxiv, 240Fisk, Charles R., 19, 160, 161, 184,198, 227, 240Fiske, 173Fitch, Doctor Asa, 341Fitch, Elmer E., 187Fitch, George, 187Fitch, H. P., 34Fitch, John, 7, 45Fitch, Simeon, 17Fitch, T. N., 7Fithian, W. W., 142Fithian, William, 226Fitz Morris, D. C., 9Fitzsimmons, James, 213Flagg, G. W., 285Flaherty, John, nFlake, 202Flanigan, E. C., 48Flaver, 163Fleming, 99Fleming, E. H., 20, 23Fleming, H. E., 71Fleming, H. L., 23Fleming, H. R., 63Fleming, Robert K., xxxiv, xlix, 20, 21,166, 212, 213, 258Fleming, Thomas H., 24Fleming, William K., 20Fletcher, 247Fletcher, C. D., 47Fletcher, Edward F., 44Fletcher, Eugene B., 328Fletcher, F. W., 47Fletcher, J. W., 47, 320, 320, n.Flint, William A., 335Flitcher, 206Flower, George, xlii, xlv, xlvi, n. 34Flower, Richard, xlii, n. 29Flynn, 343Flynn, George W., 48, 338Flynn, J. R., 41, 163iFlynn, James C., 96Flynn, T. H., 357, 358Foddis, Thomas, 223Foliart, John, 314Foltz, Benjamin, 300Foote, 301Foote, Charles E., 41Foote, Doctor L., 51Foote, William E., 28Ford, 15Ford, A. N., Ixxvii, 216, 282Ford, F. D., 240Ford, J. B., 115Ford, J. G., 288Ford, J. Sawtell, 149, 217Ford, Judge, 252Ford, Robert B., 115Ford, Thomas, xl, xli, xlii, 182, 321,342Ford, W. H., 217Forman, C. M., 259, 260Forman, Doctor John, 98Forman, W. S., 259, 260Forney, M. N., 73Fornof, John W., 329Forquer, George, 321Forrest, J. E., 189Forrest, James, 189Forrest, Joseph K. C., 59, 85Forrest, R. B., 224Forsyth, Mrs. E. A., 142Forsyth, R. G., 265Fort, Arthur C., 244Fort, James M., 244Foster, Charles, 261Foster, Charles A., IxxxviiiFoster, J. S., 360Foster, Reverend Lemuel, 6Foster, Robert D., Ixxxviii, 261Fougner, Albert, 121Fouke, Philip B., 20Fowler, 46, 82, 109, 231Fowler, Henry, 59Fowler, Stanley G., 72, 84, 93Fox, 18, 125, 127, 131

INDEX TO NAMES 555Fricke, C. A., 214Fox, Reverend A. K., 352Frick, W. D., 257 Fuss, Henry, 277Fox, Dorus M., 93Friend, Miles B., 176, 177, 230, 266,Fox, J. C., 307283, 346Fox, J. R., 243, 3i 8Fox, James D., 16Fox, James E., 300Fox, Joseph H., 300Fox, O. L., 140Fox, William F., 98Foy, Vincent, 333Frame, N. T., 332France, J. S., 287Francis, Allen, 321Francis, J. Newton, 321Francis, Josiah, 321Francis, S. J., 323.Francis, Simeon, 321Frank, John, 283, 345, 347Franklin, Roscoe, 33Franklin, W. D., 33Franks, 281Franks, F. W., 359Frisbie, D. H., 185Fritchey, Dan W., 266Fritchey, T. A., 266Froehlich, 69Frost, George E., 5, n. iFrost, George H., 121Frost, Griffin, 294Frost, John L., 294Frost, M. O., 237Fruitt, Charles R., 200Fuhr, George S., 27Fulks, 19Fulks, J. Sam., 20Fulks, John B., 18, 307Fulks, T. Charles, 310, 311Fuller, 223, 353Fuller, B. A., 210Ful'er, E. C., 162Fuller, E. M., noFraser, L. W., 312Fuller, Edward N., 117, 118Frazer, Don, 252Frazier, 285Fuller, Frank, 250Fuller, H. M., 227Frazier, Lincoln B., 16Frazier, Robert F., 285Frazier, Walter S., 16Frederick, E., 122Free, Leroy W., 237Freed, A. F., 32Freeman, 324Freeman, Edward, 177, 215Freeman, James T., 224"Freeman, Jonathan," xxxvFreiberger, Edward, 124Fremont, John C , 45, 60, n., 327, 348French, William, 217French, Z. D., 331Fresenius, Captain, 279Freudenthal, Henry, 293Frick, F. W., 181Frick, H. W., 181Frick, Joseph, 181Fuller, Colonel J. W., 215Fuller, M. A., 107, 109Fuller, Mrs. M. H., 119Fuller, N. W., 47, 57, 214, 215, 227, 352Fuller, T. W., 162Fuller, Thomas B., 226Fuller, William, 152Fullerton, T. S., 270Fulton, 63, 175Fulton, J. H., 297Fulton, Reverend John, 141Funk, 305Funk, Henry B., 235, 247Funk, Henry E., 205Funk, John F., 81Furber, 128Furey, W. P., 300Furman, James H., 311Furnald, Edward, 309

556 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSFuss, J. G., 346Gagan, 288Gage, John, 53Gager, John, 71Gahagan, D. W., 222Galbraith, John, 41Gale, 15, 184, 329Gale, G. W., 66Gale, W. Hector 329Gall, 46Gallagher, 282Gallagher, James, 284, 285Gallagher, John J., 69Gallagher, Thomas, 26Gallaher, 71Galland, Doctor Isaac, 45, 260Galligher, 10Galloway, 348Galloway, G. G., 348Gamble, James, 7Gann, Herst C., n, 348Gannaway, S. L., 347Gannett, Reverend W. C., 142Garasche, William A., 153Garbutt, Z. N., 284Gard, Will E., 105Gardiner, 196Gardner, 9, 291, 293Gardner, C., 113Gardner, G. P., 240Gardner, J. B., 153, 275Gardner, William H., 128, 269Garner, 27, 274Garrard, W. C., 220Garrard, Will M., 220Garrett, Robert N., 57Garrison, Doctor H. D., 93, 96, 98Garrison, J. H., 293Garrison, John, 46Garver, 247Garver, I. N., 280Garvin, James, 259Gaskell, G. A., 132Gaston, C. T., 64Gaston, O. C., 228Gates, 18Gates, F. A., 5, n., iGaumer, C. E., 247Gaven, G. W., 180Gay, Reverend David, 339Geddes, William M. 10, 275Gedney, H. E., 270Geer, Nathan C., 57. 279, 280, 352Gehant, Henry F., 10Gehring, Fred, 325Geiger, 293Geiger, John, 2, 3Geilhausen, William, 279Geleff, Paul, 134, 146, 355Gelwicks, D. W., 22Gentzel, John, 353Georders, Ernest, 73George, Ira, 235George, Milton, 105, 140Gere, George W., 338Geringer, August, 125, 128, 135Gersoni, Reverend Henry, 141Getzmere, Thomas P., 142Geyerstanger, J. M., 90Gibbons, 289Gibbons, A. M., 150Gibbons, Judge John, 136Gibson, A. C., 14Gibson, Allen, 300Gibson, James W., 263Gideon, Doctor D. C., 155Gifford, 294GifTord, Charles F., 333Gilbert, 71, 89, 267Gilbert, Eugene T., noGilbert, Frank, 90Gilbert, Reverend Selden, 62, 112Gilbert, Reverend Simeon, 88, 89Gilchrist, J. D., 360Giles, E., 162Giles, W. T., 180, 181Gill, J. Thompson, 148Gill, John W., 346Gillespie, David, 167Gillespie, Frank L., 46, 178

INDEX TO NAMES 557Gillespie, J.M. J., 112Gillespie, W. W., 312Gillet, Phillip G., 205Gillett, James, 108Gilliam, William Henry, 344Gilliland, W. A., 246Gillman, G. T., 290Gilmore, 125, 199Gilmore, F. H., 200Gilson, 151Gilson, Frank R., 244Ginal, Henry, 69Ginteleus, Mrs., 320Giswiller, John W., 221Given, Welker, 280Givler, D. B., 257, 258Givler, R. N., 258Glancey, Theodore, 214Glassco, George, 337Glassco, H. B., 49Glenn, C. C., 290Glenn, C. G., 348Glenn, F. H., 80Glenn, Henry A., 254Glenn, Robert A., 254, 307Glenn, T. H., 126Glenn, William, 283Glennon, E. F., 359Glenny, Holly, 33Glessner, 25Glessner, A. W., 183Glessner, L. C... 41, 42, 178Glessner, Williarn L., 152, 178, 214Glidden, J. F., 160Glossop, Frank, 112, 126, 355, 357Glover, 271Glover, Lyman B., 124, 204, 207Goddard, Albert, 320Goessman, John G., 26Goethe, J. C., 350Goff, 9, 312Goff, A. J., 29, 31Gold, Daniel L., 220Goldbeck, Robert, 92, 116Golding, John F., 127Goldsmith, 17Goldsmith, John H., 353, 354Golliday, B. C., 182, 217Goodall, E. F., 99, 115Goodall, Frank D., 47Goodall, H. L., 36, 37, 91, 98, 99, 115,126, 136, 202, 319Goodall, H. P., 98Goodell, C. N., 56Goodell, W. S., 236Goodman, 75, 99Goodman, Edward, 55, 6 1Goodman, Reverend Epaphras, 63Goodman, F. M., 93Goodner, M. M., 259Goodno, W. Stuart, 75, 77Goodrell, C. M., 98Goodrell, J. H., 98Goodrich, J. D., 137Goodridge, Lorenz, 230Goodspeed, James, 208Goodspeed, Thomas W., 79Goodyear, M. L., 275Gordon, J. B., 45Gordon, James R., 254Grre, Albert, 47Gore, G. W., 48Gorrell, E., 232, 263Gotchell, Doctor Horatio P., 303Gotshall, J. F., 350Goudy, Calvin., Ixii, 203Goudy, Ensley T., Ixii, 203Goudy, George B., 323Goudy, J. D., 333Goudy, Robert, Sr., 203Goudy, W. M., 176, 177Gove, Aaron, 30, 104, 264Gowell, 112, 169Gower, " Professor," 25Grable, 354Grable, J. F., 198Graden, H. M., 264Graden, Hiram, 264Graham, 67Graham, George R., 68

558 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSGraham, George W., 241Graham, J. A., 242Graham, James H., 242, 263, 266, n. iGraham, Joseph, 351Graham, R. H., 244Grandpre", A., 71, 210, 211Grandpre, Carl, 137Grant, Alexander F., 314Grant, J. S., 177Grant, O. B., 193Grant, Ulysses S., Ixxxiv, 44Grant, Walter J., 156Grass, E. L., 325Grass, W. L., 325Grattan, 312Grattan, H. G., 180, 251, 327Gravenhorst, A., 170Graves, F. W., 5Graves, Judson, 27, 186, 268, 361Graves, P. C., Sr., 258Graves, Doctor S. W., 68Gray, 41, 174, 294Gray, Doctor Asa, 130Gray, B. J., 298Gray, Edward, 226Gray, Doctor Elias W., 32Gray,. John, 229, 339Gray, W. H., 43Gray, William C., 102Graybill, George R., 317, 318Graybill, Thomas J., 317Grear, John, 208Grear, John W., 256, 257Greathouse, Tevis, 195, 343Greeley, Horace, xcv, c, 48, 60, 60, n.,79, 88, 107, 169, 211, 230, 248,260, 290, 320, n. iGreen, David, 93Green, Dode, 334Green, H. P., 290Green, J. W., 353Green, James, 210Green, Joseph N., 93Green, Doctor Joseph, 20Green, Judge, 250Green, S. M., 290Green, Mrs. S. M., 290Green, T. P., lix, 305Green, Reverend Thomas E., 321Greenbaum, H. E., 113Greene, 205Greene, Alvin P., 330Greene, R. G., 71Greenlaw, T. B., 179Greenleaf, 182Greenleaf Simon, 312Greenwood, N. S., 14Gregg, 261, 349Gregg, D. S., 207Gregg, Thomas, 45, 195, 286, 348Gregory, 251, 337, 339Gregory, Charles E., 171Gregory, J. M., 131Greiner, 341Greist, 217Grevstad, Nicolay A., 87Grider, Bart, 358Gridley, General A., 27Gridley, J. N., 346Griff en, 148Griffin, E. W., 237Griffith, 39Griffith, C. E., 222Griffith, M. L., 178, 247Griffiths, E., 123Griggs, E. H., 299Grimes, F. M., 243Grimm, Franz, 22, 23Grimshaw, William A., 284Grim wood, 227Grissom, F. O., 215Griswold, Doctor C. A., 182Griswold, Charles E., 164Griswold, Davis S., 54Gronefeld, Max, 22Groom, John K., 245Grosh, J. Frederick, 252Grosoever, 170Gross, George E., 79, 89Gross, G. W., 253

INDEX TO NAMES 559Grottkau, P., 125, 130Grove, 261Grove, C. W., 3Grove, Frank A., 248Grove, J. R., 215Grove, John H., 300Grove, L. S., 13Grover, Alonzo J., 165Groves, T. J., 250Grout, 182Gruaz, Timothy, 199Grubb, E. L., 196Grubb, S. W., 186Gruelle, Richard, nGuernsey, 248Guernsey, George W., 173Gueroult, 100Guffin, Edward F., 275Guilbert, noGuinipp, Lyman, 156Gulick, H. W., 294Gunn, John, 98Gunn, Doctor R. A., 98Gunther, C. F., 5, n.Guntrum, Reverend E., 79Gurley, John A., 55Gustaf, Theden, 123Gutes, Reischel, 133Guy, R. M., 32Gwin, Horace, 41Gyllenhaal, Anders Leonard, 87, 8Haag, Frank, 168Haagensen, Reverend A., 103, 122Habel, H. M., 115Habercorn, L. W., 22, 25Hacker, Charles F., 217Hacker, W. A., 35Hackett, Mrs. J. H., 205Haddock, William, 48, 169Hadley, Reverend W. H., 73Haehnle, John, 239Hageman, Andrew, 34Hagestrom, John, 123Hagle, Michael, 242Hahn, A. W., 286Hail, E. A., 231, 268Haines, E. M., 77, 81Hainline, W. H., 231Hajek, J., 148Hale, iiHale, B. E., 68Hale, Doctor James I., 10Halford, E. W., 110Hall, Albert L., 172Hall, B. F., 13Hall, C. F., 245Hall, E. A., 286Hall, Eugene J., 117Hall, Frank H., 159, 352, 361Hall, George, 335Hall, Henry H., 345Hall, Henry M., 336Hall, James, xxxii, xxxv, xxxv, n.,xxxvi, xlii, xliii, xliv, Ix, Ixi, 6, 99,314, 340, 341Hall, M. V., 13.Hall, S. S., 257Halle, R. J., 139Haller, Ant., 148Haller, T. F., 179Hallner, Andrew, 123Hallowell, F. P., 243, 344Halsey, C. S., 76, 77, 85, 86Hambaugh, J. S. H., 254Hambaugh, James S., 205Hamilton, 283Hamilton, Archibald A., 166Hamilton, August, 237Hamilton, B. R., 261Hamilton, C. H., 33Hamilton, General C. S., Ixxxiv, n.Hamilton, L. M., 288Hamilton, R. P., 68Hammack, D. M., 136Hammer, W. L., 157, 159Hammond, B. F., 289Hammond, C. E., 259Hammond, Reverend H. L., 58, 83Hammond, J. G., 27Hampton, B. R., 231

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHampton, J. S., 302Hampton, Thaddeus, 270Hamsher, B. K., 157, 158Hancock, 261Hancock, General, 254Hancock, Mrs. T. R., 261Hancock, W. R., 177Hande, Hallward, 124Handsaker, Thomas, 350Hanifin, M., 271Hankohl, Frederick, 140Hanna, 100, 266Hanna, B. J. F., 7 51, 213Hanna, F. D., 99Hanna, G. W., 196Hanna, J., 196Hanna, R. M., 280Hanna, Robert P., 281Hannah, 251Hannon, C. D., 173Hansen, Phil. C., 34Hanson, Reverend J. W., 62Hapeman, Douglas, 270Haps, John, 165Harbert, Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton, 145Hardesty, J. L., 295Hardin, Colonel John J., 203Harding, George, 49, 50Harding, J. O., 238Harding, Jacob, 274, 316Harding, W. P., 238Hardy, 214Harl, 186, 229Harl, E. R., 349Harl, George L., 241Harlan, O. M., 245Harlen, John, 199Harlow, J., 151Harmon, Augustus, 14, 15Harner, G. C., 237Harner, J. F., 273, 333Harney, 166Harney, John, 217Harold, Vallee, 194, 317Harper, Edward S., 201Harper, George W., 272, 297Harper, J. D., 222Harper, John S., n, 173, 177, 178,201, 207, 232, 283, 306, 312, 335,346, 347Harper, W., 201Harr, William, 49Harrell, Moses B., 36, 37, 249Harrington, D. B., 90Harrington, George J., 242Harrington, N. W., 90Harris 101Harris, C. F., 102, 120Harris, C. H., noHarris, H. H., 48Harris, John, 226Harris, Morris, 2Harris, O. B., 31Harris, Penn, 154Harris, S. C., 339Harris, Samuel, 134Harris, Reverend Samuel S., 141Harrison, 45, 89Harrison, A. Y., 155Harrison, Carter H., 66Harrison, Carter H., Jr., 66Harrison, E. P., 180Harrison, John H., 155Harrison, Preston, 66Harrison, S. J., 218Harrison, William Henry, 298Harshberger, 288Hart, E. J.,206Hart, Samuel O., 233Harte, E. M., 50Hartley, W. P., 310Hartman, 331Hartman, C. F., 259Hartman, J. E., 151Hartman, Joseph, 79Hartmann, Earnhardt, 22Harvey, E. J., 109Harvey, G. A., 22, 23, 24Haskell, Doctor George, 299, 300Haskell, P. P., 80

INDEX TO NAMESHaskell, William H., 10, 39, 275Haskins, B. F., 185Hasselquist, Reverend T. N., 74,114, 185, 303Hassett, 26, 246Hatch, 142Hatch, A. F., 144Hathaway, W. E., 89Hatton, T. M., 218Hatze, 325Hauck, Bartholomew, 21, 22, 291Haughey, J. M., 238Haughey, W. P., 221Haven, Luther, 53, 54Haven, Nat. A., 78Haven, Victor H., 193Haven, W. W., 193Haverstick, Captain L. M., 244, 245,34Haviland, C. Augustus, 89Haviland, Mrs. C. Augustus, 129Havill, Frank W., 250Hawes, Alexander G., 237Hawes, Charles R., 269Hawes, F. M., 21Hawkes, G. W., 35Hawkins, 266Hawkins, Willis B., 16Hawley, 225Hawley, A. G., 227Hawley, Maria, noHawley, S. W., 324Haws, Charles R., 180, 181Hay, George, 218Hay, John B., 23Hay, L. T., 359Hay, P. H., 30Hay, Doctor Walter, 57Hayde, 80Hayden, H. R., 78Haydon, B. B., 330Hayes, C. H., 271Hayes, C. L., 44, 255, 256Hayes, J. B., 313Hayes, James J., 265Hayes, Doctor Juston, 81Hayes, P. C., 247Haynes, G. M., 255Hays, 68, 169Hays, A. D., 189Hays, C. L., 255, 256Hayward, C. B., 208, 235Hayward, C. W., 208Hayward, Eugene, 199Hayward, Colonel J. A., 273Hayward, W. W., 235Hazard, M. C., 84Hazleton, 215Headen, Walter C., 317Healy, 92Healy, C. E., 275Heath, Alfred, 335Heath, B. S., 277Heaton, C. W., 130, 179Heaton, William H., i, 214Heazlitt, W. A., 358Hedenschoug, A. W., 123Hedley, F. Y., 34Hedley, Will H., 207Heinfelden, 22Heiple, A. H., 350Heiple, E. E., 350Heirs, J., 293Heirs, Thomas J., 293Heirs, Tom L., 151Hellmuth, 61Helmer, B. Bradwell, 97Helmer, Reverend C. D., 114Helmich, Anton, 295Helmicj, A. C., 24Helton, T. J., 234Hemmens, H. D., 172Hempler, F. W., 52Hempstead, H. E., 208Henderson, 263, 335Henderson, Adam, 276Henderson, A. G., 191Henderson, Charles T., 336Henderson, David, 144Henderson, D. C., 208

562 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHenderson, Hugh, 207Hickman, 343Henderson, James E., 139, 336Higbee, Chauncey L., Ixxxviii, 261Henderson, John, 352Higbee, Francis M., Ixxxviii, 261Henderson, R., 281Higbee, James H., 311Henderson, S. R., 281Higbee, James M., 311Henderson, W. L., 295Higgins, 70, 71, 254, 282Hendricks, W. S., 286Higgins, Bryant, 266, 266, n.Hennessey, D. L., 339Higgins, Ebenezer, 289Henny, 350Higgins, George H., 186, 216Henrici, C. H., 292Higgins, Henry, 358Henrici, C. M., 30Higgins, I. N., 322Henry, Doctor, Ixxxvii, n.Higgins, James M., 322Henry, H. C., 211Hilbourn, C. S., 273Henry, H. L., 318Hill, 280, 324Henry, J. A., 228Hill, A., 80Henry, J. E., 43, 200Hill, A. D., 248, 290, 333Henry, W. J., 317Hill, Bishop, 187Henry, W. L., 210Hill, B. F., 275Henschen, William, 82Hill, F. H., 149Henssgen, Charles M., 208Hill, Thomas E., 15Henzel, 8Hill, William, 27, 31Herbertz, H. J., 17Hillgaertner, 61Hereford, Arthur Lee, 173, 241Hilliker, 248Herndon, Elliott B., 324Hinchcliffe, John, 24Herrick, Doctor William B., 56Hinckley, H. C., 295, 296Herringshaw, Thomas W., 140Hinckley, J. C., 251Hertel, Daniel, 24, 61Hindman, William M., 233Hervey, T. W., 195Hines, 242Hesing, A. C., 62Hines, William L., 81Hesing, Washington, 62Hinman, George Wheeler, 1 1 1Hess, A. E., 17Hinners, Albert E., 347Hess, Charles, 73Hinrichsen, 205Hess, Henry, 43Hinson, J. M., 27Hess, W. W., 317Hirsh, Joseph M., 100Hessin, William, 3Hirth, Frank, 143Hevener, 268Hise, John, 270Hewitt, 35, 289Hiser, 297Hewitt, Charles A., 101Hitchcock, 82, 101Hewitt, E. C., 30, 31, 104, 264Hitchcock, Edward, 46, 193, 228, 232,Hewitt, Edgar A., 86256Hewitt, J. H., 288Hitchcock, F. B., 179Hewitt, John G., 335Hitchcock, Henry, 255, 256Heyer, J. E. C., 79Hitchcock, I. S., 310Hibbard, 261Hitchcock, Reverend J., 40Hibbard, H. N., 85 Hitchcock, Doctor J. W., 279

INDEX TO NAMES 563Hitchcock, Doctor Luke, 67Hix, L. P., 332Hix, Volaski, 332Hjertquist, Gabriel, 138Hoar, George E., 263Hobart, Horace R., 132, 133, 204Hobbs, 188Hobbs, George A., 188Hodder, John H., 14, 15, 359Hoddy, O. P., 258, 259Hodge, J. M., 203Hodge, Josiah P., 191Hodge, William Ivi, Ixxii, 342Hoeffgen, Robert Bernhard, 57, 61Hoeny, John, 169Hoerner, John S., 199Hoes, J. V. A., 270, 271Hoff, G., 228Hoffman, 140Hoffman, B. E., 168, 199Hoffman, F. W., u, 161Hoffman, G. P., 137Hoffman, George C., 294Hoffman, John W., 277Hogan, Daniel, Jr., 250Hogan, Daniel, Sr., 250Hoge, Walter, 189, 262, 329Hogg, 330Hogg, John I., 233Hogg, John M., 315Hoiser, Henry, 79Holbrook, 35, 282Holbrook, A. S., 164Holbrook, Reverend John C., 58Holbrook, Reverend Z. S., 114Holcomb, 46Holcomb, Charles N., 53Holcomb, H. F., 126Holcomb, W. H., 185Holdcraft, George N., 137Holden, Charles, 4Holding, Reverend, 40Holley, G. W., 282Holliday, George H., 41, 42, 345Hollinger, A. B., 251Hollinger, I. V., 251Hollingsworth, 155, 255Hollister, E. T., 253Holly, William, 77Holman, Peter, 334Holmes, 192, 275, 296Holmes, A. B., 29, 30, 32Holmes, C. B., 50, 175Holmes, J. M., 247Holmes, John H., 107Holmes, John W., 65Holmes, Oliver, 176, 177Holmes, William H., 52Holt, Benjamin, 299Holt, Charles, 210Holt, Clarence E., 210Holton, Frank E., 271Holton, Robert C., 155Hommes, L., 169Homrighous, E., 318Honnold, William S., 73Hood, Benjamin S., 200, 22^Hood, Doctor H. H., 226Hoodless, Gerrit L., 105Hooker, Smith, 196Hoover, Edward S., 328Hoover, Mrs. J. F., 349Hopkins, 150, 179Hornaday, 81Horner, J. F., 154Horner, W. B., 67, 68Horniday, 196Hornish, 90Horsley, Thomas J., 297, 312Horsford, Major James H., 188Horton, 103, 104, 309Horton, C. G., 97Hosea, 246Hosea, Eli H., 157, 323Hostetler, V. N., 159Hostetter, Doctor J. L., 251Hotchkiss, Arthur, 336Hough, H. A., 170, 188, 331Houghawout, Frederick S., 207Houghton, 238

564 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSHoughton, H. H., 183, 184Houser, 173Houser, Joseph, 139Houtz, Thomas F., 310Hovey, Charles E., 280Howard, 92Howard, B. Frank, 96Howard, General Charles H.,122, 123, 140Howard, H. H., 206Howard, H. R., 249Howard, J. P. M., 170Howard, Nina F., 140Howard, Otis McGaw, 140Howard, Phocian, 156Howard, William A., 225Howe, C. E., 35, 195Howe, J. H., 214Howe, John F., 349Howell, 230Howell, C. F., 101Howell, W. H., 189Howie, Hugh M., 79Hewlett, John, 313Hewlett, John R., 218Ho worth, Thomas J., 52Hoyne, William, 280Hoyt, Charles C., 105, 109Hubbard, 201Hubbard, George C., 309Hubbard, Laura M., no, inHubbard, W. A., 44Huddle, F. E., 326Hudelson, W. H., 228Hudson, George, 162Hudson, J. T., 3Hudson, W. P., 207Huegy, Maurice, 199Huett, J. W., 248Huffman, 220Hughes, 251, 318Hughes, Arnold, 195, 256Hughes, F. M., 25Hughes, G. W., 152Hughes, Jean A.. 251Hughes, J. F., 330Hughes, N. R., 152Hughes, Perry, 152Hughes, W. D., 251Hughs, J. W., 24Huhn, Henry, 24Huiskamp, 66Hulbert, E. M., 264Hulburd, H. R., 69Hulburt, Rev. T. B., 5Hulett, Guy, 282Huling, Reverend A. H., 101, 114, 127Hull, Reverend A., 139, 146Hull, C. E., 310Hull, J. A., 40Hull, James, 36, 161Hull, John, 30, 104Hull, John A., 36, 40, 161Hull, P. C., 290Humble, 3Humphrey, 257Humphrey, H. S., 270, 343Humphrey, Reverend Z. M., 83Humphreyville, William, 197Hungerford, T. A., 93Hunt, 313Hunt, J. W., 296Hunter, William, 36Hurd, Jarvis D., 179, 338Hurlbut, Doctor John E., 98Hurlbut, J. S., 62Hurlbutt, Stephen A., IxxxivHurless, 251Hurless, Reverend Parker, 287Hurst, Henry, 214Hurst, S. L., 126Hurtt, Clarence B., 244Hurwood, Grace, 91Hutchin, 135Hutchin, George M., 32Hutchinson, 37, 250Hutchinson, J. B., 200, 226Hutchinson, J. M., 196Hutchinson, Mrs. Mary, 37Hyatt, Isaiah S., 188, 299, 300

INDEX TO NAMESS6SHyde, G. A., 202, 222Hyde, Doctor James Nevins, 57Hyde, William, 327Hyde, William E., 23Hynes, S. B., 194Hynes, T. W., 194Ilger, James A., 331Inez, Mrs., 277Ingalls, E. S., 353Ingalls, John J., 345Ingersoll, Robert G., 120, 233Ingham, C., 13Ingham, Cyrus B., 55, 210Ingham, G., 13Ingram, 257Ireland, James, 188Ironmonger, 204, 205Irons, D. D., 278Irvin, Bell, 41Irvine, J. P., 301Irwin, B. H., 253Irwin, James M., 158Irwin, J. B., 277Irwin, J. D., 277Isherwood, George, 333Israel, 206Israel, Frank, 177Ivers, J. P., 128Ives, W. E., 9Ivins, Charles, IxxxviiiJack, S. S., 158, 159Jackiven, 166Jackson, Andrew, 322Jackson, Jefferson, 147Jackson, John, 50Jackson, W. D., 250Jackson, William B., 118Jacobs, 150, 156Jacobs, J. H., 26Jacobs, P. H., 140Jacobs, William B., 132Jacquith, 274Jahn, George, 17James, 96James, Alonzo, 189James, D. D., 239James, John, 32Jameson, 138, 324Jamison, M. H., 268Jamison, Samuel, 150Janney, E. S., 272Jaquith, J. W., 338Jarrott, 165Jarrott, Vital, 202Jarvis, James N., 337Jay, 37Jayne, William, 326Jefferson, 108Jefferson, E. S., 141Jefferson, W. J.,80Fred Jelliff, K., 186Jenks, C. W., 96Jenkins, A. M., 256, 257Jenkins, G. H., 243Jenkins, William H., 244Jenne, D. J., 328Jennings, 67Jensch, J. A., 102Jensen, Reverend N. P., 135Jerauld, H. A., 351Jerome, C. W., 40Jervis, Frank I., 139Jewell, Hiram, 68Jewell, J. S., 123Jewell, W. R., 155, 156Jewett, Doctor Charles, 68Jewett, W. O. L., 254Jiyfnskc, Doctor J. Rudis, 148John, 194, 355John, C. H., 50, 51John, Chalkly, 328John, George E., 351John, H. L., 328John, M. D., 328Johns, Peter M., 310Johnson, 28, 153, 161, 243, 254, 287,39, 345Johnson, A. E., 74Johnson, Benjamin E., 200, 226Johnson, B. W., 82

566 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSJohnson, Charles H., 193, 209, 305, 355Johnson, C. P., 320Johnson, E., 9Johnson, Daniel E. H., 307Johnson, E. M., 288Johnson, Eric, 108, 187Johnson, H. A., 56Johnson, Hale, 3Johnson, Henry, 209, 258,259, 305, 355Johnson, J. C., 246Johnson, Reverend J. H., 103Johnson, John W., 316, 317, 318Johnson, Samuel, 224Johnson, T. F., 359Johnson, W. J., 181Johnston, A., 291Johnston, De Witt C., 307Johnston, George W., 344Johnston, Timoleon Oscar, 269Jones, 181, 235, 259, 287, 303Jones, B. F., 151Jones, B. O., 241, 249Jones, C., 314Jones, Charles, 203Jones, Charles A., 244Jones, Charles E., 131Jones, Edward, 322Jones, Edward U., 134Jones, H. C., 288Jones, I. B., 233Jones, James, 182Jones, General J. Blackburn, 320Jones, Jenkin Lloyd, 142Jones, Joseph G., 236Jones, Colonel J. W. C., 136Jones, Kiler K., 55Jones, O. V., 221Jones, Russell F., 151Jones, Samuel R., 272Jones, S. N., 254Jones, S. S., 84, 117, 308, 309Jones, William, 209Jones, William E., 213Jones, William L., 221Jones, William W., 204Jordan, W. B., 273Joslyn, 170Joslyn, Reverend A. J., 60, 170Joslyn, M. L., 359Jouvenat, Charles, 242, 351Joy, Andrew, 44Joy, E., 44Joy, Thomas L., 44, 47, 251Joy, Vern E., 47Judd, George, 322Judd, Orange, 54Judkin, H. B., 9Judson, 118, 181Judson, C. K., 180Judson, E. Z. C., 42Judson, Jedediah, 22Judy, Charles E., 153"June, Jenny," 300Junkin, S. F., 115Kale, 359Kane, Elias Kent, xli, xliii, xlviii, 212Kappis, 279Karl, George L., 335Karr, John W., 173, 174Kattmann, August, 22Kaysbier, Doctor S. S., 335, 336Kayser, 43Keady, George B., 211Keady, George W., 242Keady, William F., 210, 211, 242Kearney, J. J., 83, 86Keating, 195Keebler, H. H., 190Keegan, M. F., 156Keeler, Alson W., 25Keeley, C. J., 174Keelman, William, 350Keen, D. E., 251Keen, W. B., 57, 124Keifer, 223Keiser, Jacob, 267Keith, C. W., 257Keith, John T., 344Kellam, S. K., 342;llar, C. M., 335

INDEX TO NAMES 567Keller, C. A., 256Kelley, 261Kelley, J. W., 270Kelligar, Thomas, 273Kellogg, A. N., Ixxxix, 72, 73, 90, 96,104Kellogg, A. W., 288Kellogg, G. H., 240Kellogg, J. H., 101Kelly, Dennis T., 328Kelly, James, 55Kelly, James J., 59Kelly, Matthew P., 352Kelly, Thomas, 211Kelly, W. W., 115Kelsey, 308Kelsey, C. E., 25Kemp, L. B., 31Kendall, 228Kendall, H. F., 239Kendrick, Charles, 254Kenegy, Doctor C. H., 287Kennaday, James, 342, 343Kennar, J. L., 150Kennedy, 86Kennedy, Mrs. Inez, 162Kennedy, James A., 350Kennedy, Mrs. James L., 46Kennedy, J. M., 69Kennedy, Robert V., 79Kennedy, Samson, 244, 245Kennedy, S. M., 82Kennedy, W. M., 162Kennicott, John A., 54Kent, C. W., 40Kent, W., 142Kenyon, H. A., 164Keogh, Edward, 16, 170, 171Kerr, Charles H., 142Kerr, D., Jr., 79Kerr, J. N., 47Kern, Fred J., 22, 23Kerns, 322Kessinger, S. W., 226Kessner, 33Ketcham, C. B., 160, 197, 243Ketcham, F., 197Ketchum, W. L., 222, 344Kidd, T. W. S., 325Kieffer, John P., 304Kiesselbach, Otto, 241Kilborn, L. S., 237Killian, B. D., 75Kilpatrick, James D., 155Kimball, 24/137, 164, 226, 301, 320Kimball, D., 128Kimball, E. P., 345Kimball, G. F., Ixxxix, 21, 159, 259Kimball, Henry M., 42Kimball, H. P., 300Kimball, Mrs. Lou H., 90Kimball, M. S., 321Kimble, R. L., 27Kimmel, A. W., xliiKimmel, Singleton H., 314, 314 n.Kincaid, E. C., 170Kiner, Henry L., 188King, 76, 77King, Charles M., 3, 34, 223, 261, 309King, E. D., 152King, H. A., 114King, Henry, 217King, James L., 217King, John M., 298King, Rufus, 118Kingman, Lucius, 292Kingsbury, E. S., 220Kinnear, 276Kinney, 289Kinney, William, xlviiiKinney, William C., 21, 22Kinyon, A., 9Kirby, Ralph E., 350Kircher, 24Kirk, James W., 165Kirkland, C. W., 304Kirkpatrick, J. A., 219Kirkpatrick, James, 278Kirkpatrick, R. D., 27Kitchell, E., 266

'568 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSKitchell, Alfred, 265Kitchell, John W., 200Kjellberg, Isidor, 107Kjoss, 63Klein, 131, 137Klein, Peter, 15, 1 6Klein wot, 8Kloke, iiKnapp, 357Knapp, George, 201Knapp, H. S., 106Knapp, J. E., 290Knapp, J. J., 197Knapp, Lyman E., 12, 233, 234, 332,338Knapp, Nathan M., 258Knapp, William, 52Knappen, Philander, Ixxxvii, 298Knickerbocker, Oscar B., 14Knight, 103Knight, H. B., 25Knobelsdorf, C., 79Knodell, W. M., 176Knodle, Emanuel, 252Knodle, Jonathan, 252Knodle, Samuel, 253Knoles, S. S., 283Knorr, Charles E., 224Knotts, George W., 223Knox, 196Koch, Doctor Ignatius, 69Koeber, 277Koerner, Gustav, Ixxix, n; 22; 22, n;202Koester, John, 30Kohlsaat, H. H., inKolb, P. J., 250Koonce, E. W., 332Korth, Louis, 292Koudy, 223Krafft, Joseph L., 167Kraft, Fred W., 22Krebs, William E., 247Kreige, Herman, 61Kremer, 261Krepps, Albert L., 295Krepps, J. A., 351Kribs, 353Kron, Charles, 102Kriiger, 23Krumme, 158Krumme, H., 181Krumsick, F., 260Kuck, J. A., 244Kuffner, William C., 22Kuhl, W., 70Kuhlman, Reverend Charles, 237Kurz, C. T., 199Kutz, 248Kyles, 289Lacy, A. H., 293Ladd, 251Ladd, A. W., 267Laighton, G. A., 181, 182Lake, 78Lake, Honorable A. C., 210Lakey, Charles D., 91Lakin, 313Lakin, Ira D., 343Lakin, Jesse, 343Lakin, T. N., 343Lakin, W. T., 262, 305, 354Lamar, Charles H., 195Lamb, 327Lamb, Charles H., 191Lamb, W. P., 299Lamberson, 117Lambert, 17, 261Lambert, J. J., 2Lamertine, Alexander, 304Lamont, Hugh, 301Lament, Reverend Thomas J., 144, 301Lander, Nat., 220Landon, 103Landon, Albert W., no, 142Landon, Martha J.,noLane, 275, 283Lane, J. W., 185Lane, James S., 255Lane, M. T., 134, 137, 145

INDEX TO NAMES 569Lane, R. W., 50Lane, William, 50Langdon, 70Langdon, Addison L., 293Langdon, James J., 291Langdon, James L., 56Langdon, Y. M., 166Langeland, Kund, 87Langellier, August, 352Langeloth, Moritz, 116Langmayer, Josef, 119, 147Lammy, John, 195Lanphere, 184Lanphier, Charles H., 322Lansden, J. M., 36, 37Lanstrum, F. A., 216Lantz, D. O., 117, 180Larash, W. I., 308Larkee, George, 216Lars, Lee, 67Larson, F. A., 138Lason, Henry P., 269Lathrop, E. M., 6, 193Latshaw, W. D., 50, 250, 274, 315Latshaw, W. E., 251Lauck, Frank W., 33Lauren, R. E., 281, 347Laurence, L. B., 164Law, 82Law, Rolla A., 75, 82Law, Wilson, IxxxviiiLaw, William, Ixxxviii, 261Lawrence, Charles B., 292Lawrence, John S., 276Lawson, Richard F., 169, 248Lawson, Victor F., 87, 127Leacock, 313Leacock, W. J., 248Leake, C. M., nLeal, L. T., 183, 184Leas, 245Le Baron, Francis, 121Le Baron, John K., 171Lebell, Doctor A. C., 90, 129Lechner, George S., 304Leckie, A. S., 299Le Crone, George M., 169Lederer, 140Lee, 45, 64, 115Lee, Charles L., 50Lee, John W., 328Leedham, W. H., 215Leek, C. M., 223Leffingwell, Reverend Charles W.141, 216Legge, C. S., 192Legget, 161Leggett, E. H., 269Leib, Charles, 70, 77Leibrock, Philip, 237, 238Leigh, 202Leigh, H. G., 17Leigh, Horace J., 40Leland, A., 196Leland, Frank, 174Leland, M. F., 30Lemley, John, 301Lemmers, C. A., 359, 360Lemon, E. H., 283Lemon, J. E., 155Lengerke, August von, 22Leonard, 103, 104Leonard, Reverend J. C., 142Leonard, W. H., 337Leslie, A. M., 125, 147Leslie, Frank, 86Lespinasse, Ray, 145Lester, O. B., 337Leverett, Washington, 4Levis, M. M. de, 272Lewis, 9, 182, 188, 334Lewis, Andrew, 339Lewis, Clark A., 18Lewis, Dio, 118Lewis, E. J., 28Lewis, E. N., 143Lewis, F. W., 297Lewis, H. N. F., 80, 91, 92, 105, 138Lewis, Nathaniel H., 355Lewis, Thomas, 36, 325

570 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSLittle, Sam, 200L'Hote, Edward, 236, 243Little, E. Porter, 71 Love joy, Elijah P., Ixiv, Ixv, Ixvi, Ixvii, 5Lichtenberger, C. T., 175Lichtenberger, J. D., 176Lick, 349Lieb, 8 1Lieb, Hermann, 69, 86, 88, 126Little, Wiliiam E., 207Littlefield, Charles, 236, 237Littlefield, Chess, 236Littlefield, John, 236Linton, J. F., 282Lieberknecht, Adam, 188, 304Lieberknecht, George, 304Lilly, H. S., 358Linton, N., 282Livengood, William E., 156Livermore, D. R., 62Lincoln, Abraham, Ixxviii, Ixxxiii, Livermore, Mrs. Mary, 62Ixxxiv, n., Ixxxv, n., 7, 48, 60, n., 65, Livingston, 211n., 66, 216, 266, 271,307,336, 338, Lloyd, 98, 105, 127357Lloyd, J. William, 317Lincoln, John, 6Lincoln, Thomas, 86Lincoln, William S., 6Lindahl, 143Lindahl, Reverend S. P. A., 114, 303Lindell, Charles O., 137, 139Lindemann, Edward, 22Linderborg, Carl Gustaf, 88Lloyd, William B., 140Lochrie, P., 48, 339Locke, 207Locke, Morris, R., 207, 306Lockett, Frank, 230Lockhart, T. L., 230Lodge, W. E., 246Logan, 258Lindley, 45Logan, D. L., 258, 259Lindsay, A. S., 330Lindsay, W. D., 313Logan, E., 272, 297Logan, Reverend J. B., 7, 8Lindsey, 16, 249Logan, J. T., 332Lindsey, A. S., nLogan, John A., Ixxxii, 120Lindsey, Amasa S., 337Lindsey, Mrs. Harriet C., 69Lindsey, R. R., 69Lindsey, John, 158, 159, 280Lindsey, John H., 52, 296Lindsley, D. P., 128Lingenberg, J., 126Linkins, James, 32Linn, Elder, 318Linnehan, F. M., 244Lohman, 277Lohmann, Christian, 169, 325Lohmann, H. C., 169Lohr, Adelbert, 22Lomasney, William Mackay, 94Long, J. D., 267Long, J. T., 311Long, Peter, 194Long, Richard, F., 310Loofbarrow, 3Linstrand, Frans A., 138Loomis, Doctor C. E., 10Linz, George, 292, 293Lippincott, Thomas, xli, 3, 5, 166Lischer, C. J., 238Lisiewski, F., 139List, Robert, 133Litchfield, George B., 226Little, 335Loomis, George N., 294Loomis, Hubbell, 61Lord, Amasa, 171, 172Loring, 183Loring, Walter B., 154Lothrop, 342Louis, 98

INDEX TO NAMESLovelace, 273Loveless, 155Low, Peter, 248Lowdermilk, 13Lowe, 34, 151, 244, 267Lowe, E. H., 35Lowe, John, nLowe, John B., 267Lowery, T. B., 220Lowis, W. W., 194, 218, 221Lowman, Frank D., 311Lowrie, 171Lowrie, A. H., 171Lowry, 288Lowry, Charles E., 189Lowry, Emanuel, 189Lowry, J. P., 189Lowry, James, 270Lowry, James, A., 172Lowry, Russell, 189Lucas, 243Lucas, A. G., 213Lucas, Josiah M., 203Luce, Reverend Andrew, 40Luckens, W. J., 150Ludi, N. J., 270Ludlam, Doctor R., 68, 85Lugans, 277Luken, S. S., 250Luken, W. C., 220Lukins, A. J., 313Lumpkin, C. J., 41Lumpkin, W. J., 41Lundy, B. Clark, 289Lundy, Benjamin, 53, 197Lunt, 101, 107Luntz, 277Luse, F. F., 29Luse, 91Lusk, 45Lusk, D. W., 277, 315, 326Lusk, H. H., 266Lusk, J. W., 19Lusk, John F., 234Lutes, Ira, 297Lyman, 126, 170Lynch, Jesse, 217Lynch, Philip, 198Lyndon, 229Lyon, 83, 84, 92, 94, 97Mabie, John S., 79Macauley, John, 165Mace, S. C., 25, 194Machesney, R. C., 114Mack, Charles M., 328Mack, Theodore H., 328Mackay, John D., 162Mackey, A. A., 359Mackey, A. G., 80Macklin, James, 26Magee, H., 324Magie, 39Magie, E. R., 39Magie, James K., 39, 45, 231, 268Magner, R. H., 358Magruder, Fred T., 330Mahan, Isaac S., 223Mahan, Jacob C., 223Mahoney, J., 98Mahony, Jeremiah, 113, 131Makk, Doctor E. H., 30Mallory, I. M., 265Malloy, R. V., 263, 333, 354Malone, A., 272Malone, E. D., 241Malone, George A., 44Maloney, N. V., 349Manford, Reverend E., 70Manford, Mrs. H. B., 70Manier, 45Manier, Wesley H., 217Manley, F. C., 192, 250Manley, M. F., 332Manlove, Louis A., 302Mann, 51Manning, 332Mansfield, C. F., 326Mantz, W. H., 47, 255Maple, T., 39Marder, 91

572 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMarks, Daniel, 193Marlett, Isaac, 13, 308Marley, F. E., 286Marley, J. M., 285Marnell, John P., 12, 256Marquis, C. C., 28Marscholk, A. H., 209Marsh, 77Marsh, C. W., 121Marsh, E. D., 300Marsh, H. N., 208Marsh, J. B. T., 88Marsh, Jerome L., 278Marshall, Abraham, 307Marshall, J. Birney, 36Marshall, John, IviMarshall, John R., 285, 361Marshall, Samuel D., 314Marshall, Thomas, 123Marshall, Waldo H., 143Marshutz, W. B., 317Marsland, George H., noMarston, C. C., 122Martenson, John, 134Martin, 230, 257, 283Martin, Calvin, 328Martin, Elgin H., 169, 317Martin, G. W., 339Martin, George, 20Martin, Gershom, 173, 185, 205Martin, Harry, 329Martin, Harry M., 317Martin, Horace L., 317Martin, I. J., 330Martin, J. B., 201, 306Martin, J. H., 158Martin, James A., 346Martin, James L., 359Martin, John A., 49Martin, M. B., 169Martin, Park T., 155, 317Martin, S. P., 299Martin, W. T., 333Martineau, Harriet, IviMarvell, John L., 12Maskell, W. J., 146Mason, 154Mason, Edward, 80Mason, George E., 50, 232Mason, Ira J., 144Mason, J. W., 217Mason, L. B., 62Mason, Perry, 191, 206Mason, R. B., 102Massic, P. H., 78Masterson, Reverend John J., 94Mastin, J. William, 252, 312Mastin, Jethro, 313Matejka, J. V., 119Matheney, 150Mather, John H., 125Matherly, Lon S., 343Mathews, George, 120Mathews, M. M., 179Mathews, M. W., 339Mathews, Trevanyon L., 347Mathews, William, 114Mathews, W. D., 305Mathews, W. S. B., 80, 86, 92Matlack, Reverend D., 309Matlack, E. G., 296Matlack, James A., 52, 259Matlack, Doctor W. E., 260Matlack, William H., 52Matter, Newton E., 355Matteson, 309Matteson, Andre", 66, 76Matthey, H., Jr., 328Mattison, 311Mattson, Hans, 87, 88Mauley, Reverend W. E., 62Mavity, John M., 38Mawley, F. C., 175Maxey, B. M., 179Maxwell, Cortez, 349May, Charles, 296Mayhall, W. S., 348Maynard, Charles E., 194Mayo, E. L., 331Mayo, Z. B., 331

INDEX TO NAMES 573McAllaster, 126McAtee, Frank R., 52McAtee, George W., 287McAulley, Darb., 20McBane, W. A., 242McBeth, 225McBride, John, 51, 52McBurney, Doctor E., 228McCall, 186McCall, James S., 180, 181, 221McCarmack, Andrew, 323McCartney, J. F., 241, 242McCarty, W. C., 117McCaulley, S. D., 197McChesney, 190McChesney, J., 58McClaharty, 265McClaughry, R. W., 45McCleave, H. C., 220McClellan, 55McClelland, 185McClelland, Edward, 193McClelland, Isaac, 47McClelland, J. S., 9McClernand, 314, 315McClernand, John A., IxxxiiMcCluer, C. W., 180, 181McClung, Edward, 177McCIure, F. W., 119McClure, Reverend J. B., 71, 114McCollum, J. T., 228McColIum, Robert, 228McComas, E. W., 65, 73McComas, W. Scott, inMcConnell, A., 49McConnell, G. M., 124McConnell, W. M., 49McCord, M. L., 12, 46, 258, 296McCormick, 295McCormick, Cyrus H., 65, 73, 102McCormick, J. L., 282McCormick, Medill, 60McCormick, W. E., 358McCosh, G. G., 246, 306McCoy, 149McCoy, A. G., 75McCoy, Captain Ben W., 150, 151McCoy, D., 333McCoy, James, 181McCracken, John S., 315McCracken, W. H., 315McCreery, W. W., 27McCullogh, Joseph B., 85McDermott, C. H., 138McDill, 75McDill, Reverend A. T., 149McDonald, 285, 342McDonald, A. B., 191McDonald, J. S., 208, 227McDonald, J. P., 241McDonald, John, 276McDonald, Leon, 227McDonald, S. D., 185McDonough, Miss T. A., 296McDonough, T. J., 296McDougal, George B., 239McDowell, A. O., 295McDowell, Charles, 222McDowell, F. H. B., 218McDowell, Reverend J. S., 345McDowell, William, 222McElheney, S. H., 151McElvain, Frank C., 239McElwain, E. T., 283McElwain, Frank, 106McFadden, Alfred, 180, 181, 248McFie, 153McGalliard, Andrew, 223McGarvey, John, 233McGinnis, 35, 285McGinnis, C. C., 43McGlynn, P. S., 245McGown, Robert, 191McGown, Thomas, 191McGrath, T. L., 330McGraw, William E., 143McGready, J. I., 206McGready, J. J., 206McGreer, John, 112, 134, 136McGrere, H., 302

574 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMcGrew, H. C., 183McGrew, William A., 335McGuire, Thomas J., xlviii, 166McHenry, Robert, 51, 52McHose, J. J., 358Mclnerney, James J., 9Mclntosh, Alexander, 32, 208, 356Mclntyre, 238Mclntyre, Charles, 240Mclntyre, W. H., 240Mclver, Duncan C., 263, 306Mclver, W. T., 306McKee, 267McKee, James, 261, 348McKee, John W., 36McKee, Robert, 284McKeen, N. O., 236McKeighan, A. H., 202, 360McKeighan, W. A., 361McKelvey, H. A., 320McKenzie, A. B., 223McKenzie, Daniel, 338McKian, P. J. V., 101McKinley, J. B., 155McKinney, 209McKinney, Reverend David, 71McKinney, W. C., 197McKinstry, A. E., 188McKinzie, 196McKnight, C., 124McLachlan, 113McLafify, 274McLaughlin, A., 196McLean, John, xxivMcLean, L. A., 339McManus, Isaac, 214McMaster, 189McM aster, Frank, 309McMillan, O. F., 51, 319, 320McMullen, J. B., 84McMurtrie, James, 50McNabb, James, 44, 45, 195McNally, 109McNeely, J. T., 283McNeer, 35McNeill, Doctor F. A., 252McNichols, C. S., 245McPike, John M., 6McRae, xcviiiMcSweeney, Eugene, 299, 302McVicker, Brock L., 134Meacham, A. G., 33, 192Meacham, Milton M., 354Mead, Charles B., 189Mead, T. W., 282Mead, W. R., 5, n.Meades, William T., 277Meador, J. W., 229Meagher, John, 129Meaney, Ezra B., 250Meaney, W. B., 250Mechler, George V., 317Medill, James C., 54, 73Medill, Joseph, Ixxii, xci, 59, 60, 60, n.Medill, William H., 54Meek, Edwin G., 56Meek, W. D., 173, 222Meggy, Percy R., 127Meginness, John F., 41, 282Mehaffey, 263Mehaffy, J. W., 220Mehl, 344Meigs, Charles, 162Meigs, Charles, Jr., 286Meisenbach, Franz, 240Melin, P. E., 245Mellander, Carl Anton, 88Melvill, R. T., 351Menard, Pierre, 213Mendenhall, 204Mercer, 18Mercer, C. M., 344Mercer, E. K., 290Merchant, Frank J., 338Meredith, Samuel C., 321Merrill, 158, 240Merrill, Frank C., 33Merrill, H. T., 87Merrill, James G., 279Merrill, Orville B., 16, 18

INDEX TO NAMES 575Merrill, William C., 33Miller, Robert E., 172Miller, R. H., 33 Molloy, John C., 189Merriman, C. P., 28, 29Merriman, Henry P., 29Merritt, Edward L., 310, 322Merritt, John H., 309, 311Miller, Valentine, 250Milligan, Thomas, 246Mills, B. H., 8Mills, Benjamin, 183Merritt, John W., Ixxx, 20, 309, 310, Mills, F. B., 13, 223, 225, 350322Mills, F. M., 198Merritt, Joseph D., 310, 322Merritts (the), 41Merwin, James B., 69, 91Meserve, Frank C., 220Messenkop, W. H., 289, 290Metcalf, 67Metcalf, Henry, 252Metschan, 22Metzer, C. W., 221Meyer, 8Meyer, H., 32Meyer, Orah E., 284Meyers, 29Meyers, B. H., 72Meyers, J. T., 218Meyers, M. W., 327Michaelis, J., 106Michaelis, Richard, 107Michaelis, Walter R., 62, 107Michaels, D. D., 86Mick, A. E., 283Millard, James E., 218Mills, Henry I., xlviii, n.Mills, J. P., 139Mills, M. B., 180Mills, R. A., 151Mills, W. S., 102Milton, 192, 345, 357Milton, W. E., 190, 263, 319Minard, Ira, 308Miner, 45Miner, Charles, 358Miner, E. C., 321Miner, Lewis H., 321, 322Miner, Thomas, 358Mitchel, W. H., 10, 209Mitchell, 2, 19, 146Mitchell, Arthur J., 120Mitchell, David, 268Mitchell, E. A., 150Mitchell, E. E., 234Mitchell, Forrest H., 19, 347Mitchell, Harley B., 120Mitchell, M. W., 120Miller, xlviii, 9, 29, 38, 102, in, 141, Mitchell, Russell B., 28155, 166, 186, 202, 249, 348Mitchell, S. M., 233Miller, A. P., 112Miller, Major Asa, 50, 157, 159, 337Miller, Charles L., 269, 299Miller, D., 301Miller, D. D. L., 287Miller, Emily Huntington, 83Miller, G. B., 343Miller, Gilbert L., 40Miller, H. R., 228, 343Mitchell, T. J., 150Mitchell, Thomas M., 234Mitchell, William N., 233Mize, 158Mize, G. W., 247Mize, William J., 48, 330Mock, A. W., 85Mock, C. P., 331Mock, M. L., 297Miller, James P., 269Mock, W. E., 331Miller, James R., 206, 241, 326Miller, John E., 83Miller, Mrs. Mary P., 326Moffett, H. R., 246Moffit, John, 176Mold, John, 8

576 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMondy, James D., 163, 191, 223, 246,249, 296, 330Monger, John A., 282Montag, Carl, 237Montague, E. J., 20, 51Monteith, G. A., 336Monteith, M. M., 34, 360Montgomery, 238Montgomery, A. K., 179Montgomery, H. H., 44Montressor, H. F., 332Montressor, Howard, 159Moody, 33Moody, J. D., 229Moon, John J., 58Moon, John M., 227Moon, Sanford, 279Mooney, William, 32Moore, 43Moore, A., 135Moore, A. M., 18Moore, C. W., 274Moore, Charles H., 148Moore, Charles J., 121Moore, D. D., 310Moore, D. P., 267Moore, Ensley, Ixxx, n., Ixxxi, n., 205Moore, Frank, 52Moore, Fred E., 46Moore, George W., 221Moore, Gladstone, 360Moore, H. H., nMoore, I. H., 48Moore, J. H., 218, 306Moore, N. O., 139Moore, R. H., 245Moore, Thomas, 28Moore, William, 274Moore, William G., 360Moray, George W., 255Morck, 137More, J. B., 253More, J. H., 286Morehouse, Dickinson B., 183Morehouse, Frederick Cook, 141Morgan, 40, 41, 187Morgan, Joel G., 36, 209, 315Morley, F. E., 243Morley, Jud. M., 243Morras, W. P., 343Morrill, Fred K., 108Morris 29, 281Morris, Buckner S., 53Morris, C. A., 275Morris, C. H., 57Morris, G. W., 78, 232Morris, Granville W., 154Morris, H. C., 267Morris, Jacob, 28Morris, Robert, 80Morrison, 149Morrison, C. R., 248Morrison, John, 75Morrison, M., 213Morrison, O. F., 151, 272Morrison, R. M., 256Morrison, W. F., 141Morriss, Henry B., 337Morrow, James, 319Morrow, T. J., 139Morse, 100, 138Mortenson, W., 146Morton, Ixxxiv, n., 192Morton, Edward, 344Morton, John F., 291Moses, John, Ixxvii, 358Moses, S. M., 358Mosher, G. F., 127Moss, R. A., 206Mosser, J. R., 157, 158Moulden, Clara W., 224Moulding, John J., 309Moulton, Samuel W., 317Mounts, 197Mourer, William J., 185Mouritzon, 63Moyer, 357Moyer, George, 89Mudge, Calvin M., 118Mudge, M., 129

INDEX TO NAMES 577Nelson, Joseph 261Mueller, 24Nelson, 133, 195, 208 Nixon, W. E., 360Mueller, Magnus, 303Mueller, P. F., 224Muhlhof, John A., 197Muir, 64Miiller, Heinrich, 22Mumford, Horace P., 297Mumford, J. E., 193Mumford, Reverend T. J., 126Nelson, L. P., 141Nelson, N. P., 138Nelson, P. R., 358Neslon, R. W., 33Nesmith, M. W., 40Nethercut, John E., 296Nettleton, A. B., 88Neubert, Charles, 22Mumford, W. D., 232, 266, n., 297 Neubert, Doctor, 24Munger, Erastus A., 338Munhall, William, 338Munn, D. W., 200Neustadt, Anton, 153Neustadt, Captain Anthony, 168Nevins, J. S., 295Munn, Dan, 36Newbold, Lieutenant-Colonel JosephMunn, Ira Y., 85Munn, James, 200H., IxxxvNewcomb, H. A., 69Munson, Merritt, 188Murdock, S. A., 197Murphy, 154Newcomer, James W., 221, 328Newhall, Horatio, 182Newman, F. M., 80, 81Murphy, F. S., 310Newman, Thomas G., 77, 104, 118,Murphy, L. D., 284Murphy, Maurice, 271Murphy, W. H., 9Murphy, W. K., 284Murray, A. F., 96Musselman, 294Myers, 217Myers, George S., 253Myers, L. W., 262196Newton, E. E., 151Newton, J. M., 360Newton, O. L., 151Newton, S. D., 319Niblo, A. R., 55, 270Nichol, Thomas M., 320Nichols, F. C., 303Nichols, Francis N., 93Myers, Reverend S. P., 10Nichols, J. A., 77Myrup, 131Nabb, James, 266Nail, Wallace, 224Naper, Robert, 257Nash, 282Nash, Frank, 217Nichols, J. E., 30Nichols, J. P., 25Nichols, J. W., 231Nichols, S. W., 204Nicholson, E. E., 19Nicholson, John S., 19, 253, 254Nason, N. C., 279, 280, 324Nast, Thomas, 92Nattinger, E. A., 271Naylor, Hezekiah, 277, 345, 346Nebeker, C. A., 232Nicolai, 350Nicolay, John G., 85, 284Nicolet, 39Nicolet, H. L., 48Niles, Judge, 20, 22, 23Needham, D. C., 154, 232, 246Nimocks, Walter, 327Neff, E. I., 297Nisbet, H. B., 51Neilson, Allan S., 140Nixon, Doctor O. W., no

578 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSNixon, William Perm, no, inNoble, Doctor F. A., 89Nolan, Doctor D. W., 115Noonan, J. A., 117, 118Norelius, Reverend E., 74, 103, 114,33Norfolk, R. H., 43. 347Norling, John E., 88Norling, P. O., 88Norman, Carl G., 88Norris, Ira, 217Norris, J. W., 57Norris, John, 331Northam, Edward, 16Norton, Reverend A. T., 6Norton, George R., 100Norton, H. B., 28Norton, F. L., 182Norton, Seymour F., 143Norton, W. T., 4Norwood, 327Norwood, Ralph W., 329Nowlan, 120Noyes, Ebenezer, 239Noyes, M. J., 284Nuding, 350Nutt, F. S., 178Nutt, S. E., 178Nutting, John D., 355Nyquist, Reverend J. P., 103Oakes, James, Ixxxv, n.O'Banion, Moral, 247O'Banion, Turner, 235Oberly, John H., 36, 37, 323O'Brien, H. D., 165, 166O'Brien, Louis E., 172O'Brien, Martin, 89O'Bryant, 215O'Bryant, A. W., 12O'Bryant, F. E., 12O'Bryant, W. C., 12O'Connor, Charles, 160Odell, 173, 263, 274, 356Odell, E. H., 192Odell, J. W., 192O'Donoghue, John J. W., 78, 86Oglesby, 44O'Hare, Daniel, 64Olds, Justin H., 289Olin, R. C., 229Olney, Edward, 131Olson, 131, 140Olson, Ernst W., 88Olson, W. A., 359Oltmanns, L., 328Omelveny, 46Omstott, 197O'Neil, Martin, 254O'Neil, R., 164O'Neil, William, 165O'Neill, Reverend Andrew L., 94, 109O'Neill, Frank R., 262Orange, 2Ordway, George, 180O'Reilly, Henry C., IxixOrgan, T. H., 288Organ, Thomas, 190Ormand, J. J., 100Orme, Charles E., 29Ormsbee, 101Ormsbee, Joseph W., 175Orr, Byron, 193Orr, S. P., 45Orr, William, xlix, 23, 212Osborne, L. A., 261Osman, Moses, 270Osman, William, 270Ostergren, K. A., 116Otey, 195Otis, Elbridge L., 269, 297Oughton, Mrs. M. Blanche, 186Oustott, 283Outten, 26Outten, James, 246Overacker, Charles F., 33Overhue, W. H., 50, 318Overman, William, 232Oviatt, F. C., 101Owen, 15Owen, Eliphalet, 170

INDEX TO NAMES 579Owen, Robert Dale, 91, 92Owen, Thomas, Jr., 140O wings, 356Owings, J. D., 213Ozier, 193Pace, 256Pacey, Addison, 33Paddock, H. C., 297Paddock, Doctor S. Allen, 289Padon, Alfred, 43Padon, J. S., 221Page, E. W., 106Page, J. M., 206Page, Oliver J., 234Page, S. C., 259Page, S. S., 241Paine, C. D., 120Paine, C. G. G., 95, 101,Paine, Seth, 65, 71, 217Painter, H. C., 169Paisley, George W., 200Pallies, Henry, 43Palmer, 267, 313, 354, 355Palmer, C. L., 164Palmer, C. M., 164Palmer, F. W., 115Palmer, Frank M., 306noPalmer, Frank W., no, 144Palmer, George H., 248, 358Palmer, George N., 182Palmer, H. R., 83, 86Palmer, Hiram H., 306Palmer, John, 234Palmer, John M., 42, 322, 323Palmer, John Mayo, 322Palmer, Thomas, 314Palmer, W. F., 44Paradice, 205Paradis, John B. A., 245Parenteau, 206Park, I. V., 12Parke, S. S., 30Parker, 239, 319Parker, Albert, 349Parker, A. M., 33Parker, D. S., 210Parker, James, 46Parker, T. J., 344Parker, William, 46, 240, 354Parker, William, Jr., 46Parker, William M., 10Parkhurst, A., 95Parkinson, H. H., 33, 187, 223, 312356Parks, 3, 8, 284, 337Parks, G. D. A., 227Parks, Henry, 300Parks, L. A., 4, 6Parks, W. R., 283Parmenter, M. B., 151Parrott, 296Parry, John C., 94Parsons, A. R., 138, 143Partridge, C. A., 352Partridge, H. E., 352Passeler, A., 134Pastor, F. J., 306Pastor, Joseph, 92Patch, William Y., 348Patrick, H. M., 214Patrick, W. M., 173Patten, 38Patterson, A. L., 6*6Patterson, Colonel, 213Patterson, E. H. N., 268, 268, n.Patterson, F. A., 268Patterson, Harry N., 268Patterson, J. B., 267, 268Patterson, J. W., 65Patterson, Reverend R. W., 66Patterson, Robert W., 60, 60, n.Patterson, W. J., 63Patton, Francis L., 102Patton, Reverend W. W., 88Patzke, 326Paul, Clarence R., 321, 322Paul, E. R., 163, 184Paul, James R., 174Payne, 150Payne, D. B., 34

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSPetefish, Sam, 346, 347Payne, Philip, 289Persinger, H. R., 32 Fieper, William H., 292Pazo, Edward, 308Peabody, James, 93Peabody, Selim H., 94Peach, William, 167Pearce, E. J., 356, 358Pearcei J. R., 196Pearce, R. B., 356Pearson, Charles M., 232Pearson, John L., 338Peck, 331Petefish, William, 346Peter, Val. J., 304Peters, Colonel M. H., 351, 352Peters, H. H., 247Peterson, 124, 185Peterson, C. F., 88, 108, 138Peterson, C. G., 123Peterson, J. W., 43, 151, 201Peterson, L. J., 123Peterson, O. M., 137Peck, C. G., 239Petit, Claude, 71, 210Peck, J. M., lix, Ixvii, 4, 61, 305, 341 Petri, Karl, 292, 293Peck, W. H., 129Pettijohn, J. G. D., 47Peck, W. W., 63Pettit, Charles E., 271Peckham, C. J., 289Peers, James N., 153Peet, Stephen D., 138Pefer, Julius Myer, 277Pemberton, 131Pemberton, W. D., 353Pennington, Frank H., 318Pettit, John H., 6, 203, 290Peyton, H. H., 236Pf eiffer, 8Phecian, Colonel, 337Phelon, W. P., 272Phelps, 222Phelps, E. F., 185Penny, J. J., 10, 262, 284, 329, 344 Phelps, E. H., 179, 336, 360Penny, W. A., 284Phelps, H. W., 305Pensoneau, Louis P., 21, 22Percy, Parsons, 213, 320Phelps, John, 181Phelps, W. E., 173Periam, Jonathan, 54, 140Phelps, William F., 131Perkins, A. H. S., 40Phelps, W. W., 260Perkins, James H., xlvii, n.Philbrick, Charles, 67Perkins, John Marcellus, 286Philleo, Doctor Addison, xxxii, 182,Perkins, William, 270183Perrin, 9Perrin, J. N., 237Perrin, T. H., 8Philips, William, 51Phillips, 133, 156, 291, 318Phillips, A. F., 321Perry, 112, 186, 248Phillips, B. W., 75Perry, C. L., 247Perry, E. W., 145Perry, G. B., 39Perry, George A., 186Perry, William D., 276Ferryman, 194, 330Ferryman, J. D., 209Ferryman, I. D., 330Pershing, E. J., 303Phillips, C. B., 319Phillips, C. C., 36Phillips, David L., 321Phillips, David P., 321Phillips, George S., 91Phillips, J. Noonan, 164Phillips, Thomas, 278Phillips, William C., 42Phillips, William I., 92

INDEX TO NAMESPicket, 263Picket, J. J., 179, 196Pickett, F. M., 195, 196, 316Pickett, Thomas J., Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 182,276, 277, 278, 279, 304Pickett, W. T., 192, 193Pierce, 109, 225, 276Pierce, C. H., 57Pierce, Reverend E. A., 83Pierce, E. J., 232Pierce, Edward V., 26Pierce, Franklin, 316, 338Pierce, Gilbert A., inPierce, Doctor W. M., 259Pierson, A. V., 223Pierson, J. F., 34Pigott, 82Pigott, William, 76, 77, 84Pike, E. S., 51Pike, Samuel, 29, 158Pike, Wallace, 29Pilaster, H. A., 350Pilkin, S. D., 66Pillsbury, W. L., Ixiii n., 264Pinckard, Thomas S., 4Pinckart, William G., 167Pinckney, Daniel J., 252, 253Pinckney, Eugene, 162Pindell, Henry M., 281Pine, Charles N., 73, 289Pingel, 183, 184Pink, Caleb, 242Pinkerton, 223Pinkerton, Bert E., 306Pinkerton, C. B. E., 295Pinkerton, F. E., 294, 295, 339Pinta, 100Pinta, S. E., 78Pinzel, John J., 144Pio, Louis, 144Piper, Charles O., 221Pitner, L. C., 174Pitney, F. V., 65Pittser, J. J., 201Platt, 45Plumb, Samuel, 329Plummer, C. H., 355Poe, 67, 82, 86Poe, Edgar Allan, 268, n.Poff, George, iPoffenberger, H., 180Pogue, William H., 306Pohlmann, Christian, 280Polk, James K., 320Pomeroy, Mark M., 132, 140Pool, Gabriel, 240Pool, Isaac A., 71Poole, W. F., 124Pooler, 353Poorman, 34, 248Poorman, Edward, 239Pope, J. F., 33Pope, Thomas, 292Pope, W. S., 252Porter, 359Porter, A., 139Porter, Ira, 353Porter, John, 2Porter, John H., 245Post, F. E., 96Post, L. H., 154, 160Post, W. A., 286, 294Postlewait, S. C., 162Potter, 252Potter, B. S., 30Potter, Caroline A., 301Potter, D. C., 233Potter, Captain H. F., 37, 38, 249Potter, J. W., 180, 303Potter, Doctor J. W., 150Potter, Lemuel, 173, 192Potter, O. T., 180Potter, P. K., 257Poulson, Lewis, 72Powell, 1 01Powell, Charles, 281Powell, Israel A., 266Powell, Thomas, 54Powell, W. B., 34, 216Powell, W. H., 219

582 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSPower, 229, 349Power, J. H., 190Power, J. S., 250Powers, Elmer F., 48, 49Powers, F. L., 333Powers, H. N., 114Powers, J. S., 250Powers, Theo. S., 250Powers, Milo N., 266Powis, R. L. V., 140Prather, J. James, 192Pratt, 9Pratt, Charles A., 49, 290Pratt, G. W., 328Pratt, J. T., 78Pratt, R. E., 158Pratt, W. D., 246Pratt, W. S., 328Preetorious, Emil, 81Prentice, George D., 79Prentis, Noble L., 46Preston, Finney D., 251Preston, I. H., 112Preston, James H., 10Preston, Mrs. James H., 10"Pretzel, Carl," 102, 166Pribble, E. B., 177Price, 168, 209, 297, 360Price, George B., 42, 44, 305Price, I. B., 284Price, J. D., 205Price, T. D., 205Price, Thomas D., 44Price, W. H., 175Price, William, 65Priest, L. M., 265Priest, W. J., 229Princell, J. G., 74, 114Prior, G. M., 43Prior, Joseph M., 151, 152, 158, 159,176, 186, 274, 310Pritchett, R. M., 154Pritchett, W., 154Protar, F., 304Provine, John G., 274Pruden, E. C., 135Ptiles, 356Purtill, W. F., 239Purviance, N. M., 346Pusey, Joshua, 270Puterbaugh, W. L., 251Putnam, A. V., 204Pyles, 310Pyles, T. B., 193, 215, 228, 311Pyron, John A., 52Quidley, 161Quillen, M. C., 189Quinlan, 78Quinn, 356Quinn, Henry, 187Radcliffe, George M., 270Radford, B. J.,82Radford, B. J., Sr., 174Radford, B. J., Jr., 174Radford, C. A., 174Radford, C. T., 174Radford, Robert N., 174Radford, William A., 140Radford, W. M., 174Ragan, Carroll, 187Rahe, J. C., 206Rails, Judge J. M., 51Ralston, 291Ralston, V. Y., Ixxvii, IxxviiiRand, 109Randall, 183Randall, Dudley, 13, 15, 171Randall, George A., 348Randall, J. H., 304Randall, J. W., 14Randall, Richard R., 306Randall, Judge S. W., 207Randall, W. G., 173Raney, George W., 278, 279Rankin, Doctor, 217, 348Rankin, J. M., 222Ranney, 309Ranney, S. T., 254Rapalee, Norman, 269, 298Rapp, John M., 177

INDEX TO NAMES 583Will Rapp, William, 62Rasch, A. H., 331Rassweiler, H. H., 258Raster, 125Raster, Herman, 62Raster, Mrs. Herman, 62Ratcliffe, 266Rathbon, A. C., 219Rathbun, A. E., 227Rautenberg, E. F. L., 225Ravlin, Pliny P., 125Rawling, S. J. E., 166Rawlings, Frank, 35Ray, 183Ray, Charles H., Ixxii, Ixxvii,Ixxix, 59, 84, 323Ray, W. E., 269Ray, W. H., 313Raymond, 78Raymond, Thomas R., 303Rayne, Mrs. M. L., 82, 102Read, Frank, 205Read, Frank, Jr., 205Readle, 115Reavis, Logan U. 19Reckmeyer, H. H., 294Reddick, A. J., 219Redding, Colonel W. H., 259Redfield, R. P., 286Reed, 361Reed, A. H., 179Reed, George D., 286Reed, George W., 123Reed, H. V., 99, 113, 123, 124,Reed, James H., 2Reed, James W., 268Reed, J. H., 246Reed, Joe F., 161Reed, Joseph, 223Reed, Joseph, Jr., 123Reed, Newton B., 31Reed, Samuel, 41, 224, 225Reed, S. K., 68Reed, Doctor W. E., 76Reed, W. H., 41Ixxviii,196Reed, O., 209Reed, W. M., 248Reeder, R. R., 30Reel, S. A., 265Reemsten, 347Rees, Thomas, 323Reese, E. C., 273Reeve, Charles, 318Reeve, W. G., 290Regan, John, 172, 216, 233Reichel, 122Reichenstein, Julius Von, 350Reid, Isaiah, 132Reid, Reverend John Morrison, 67Reilly, Doctor Frank W., 76Reinbach, B., 354Reis, John, 7Reisl, G., 148Reith, Charles, 41Reitzenstine, L., 277Relling, I. T., 124Remer, A. C., 245Remington, Major E. P., 29Rene, 100Renfroe, R. W., 306, 307Renich, Charles F., 359Renoe, M. A., 287, 288Rentschler, G., 22Reynolds, Harmon G., 302, 325Reynolds, Harry, 281Reynolds, Henry, 31Reynolds, J. P., 251Reynolds, John, xxxiv, xlviii, 23,212, 213, 315, 345Reynolds, John P., 103Reynolds, John R., 133Reynolds, O. H., 143Revell, Fleming H., 96, 115, 129, 132,134, 145, 146Revill, 176Rhea, W. C. S., 233Rhoads, George B., 317Rhodes, W. H., 201Rhue, 289Riblett, J. W., 31524,

584 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSRice, George, 126Rice, F. W., 112Rice, James G., 19, 20Rich, E. L., 345Rich, H. S., 133Rich, Stearns De Witt, 10, 273, 293,346Richards, 324Richards, A. N., 180Richards, Ben, 324Richards, Benjamin A., 334Richards, C. P., 163Richards, George N., 48, 338Richards, Lydia A., 171Richards, Will, 343Richards, Philip A., 333Richards, S. A., 137Richardson, 195, 196Richardson, George B., 152, 359Richardson, Doctor J.,80Richardson, J. W., 177, 243, 335Richey, Elmer, iRichey, Frank L.,Richey, Fred A., 317Richie, Edward E., 297Richie, Edward T., 269Richmond, A. L., 328Richmond, Mrs. Cora L. V., 148Rickard, Ben C., 238Rickert, Nelson A., 351Rieken, Herman, 260Riggs, 34Riley, M. W., 175Ringland, W. D., 360Ringland, W. S., 172Rising, H. G., 217Risk, James, 18Ritchie, Frederick B., 353Ritchie, William, 317Ritter, C. M., 350Roach, S. B., 238Robarts, J. P., 257Robbins, 308Robbins, Doctor H. C., 154Robbins, John, 48iRobinson, 254Robinson, Ebenezer, 260Robinson, Frank O., 269Robinson, Harry P., 132Robinson, J. C., 236Robinson, John R., 82, 178Robinson, Leslie, 281Robinson, Ross, 177Robinson, Silas, 13Robinson, W. T., 216Roberts, 40, 196, 355Roberts, Arthur, 234Roberts, E. W., 205, 315Roberts, Frances L., 142Roberts, Frank M., 207Roberts, J. P., 250Roberts, J. S., 205, 285, 315Roberts, John L., 322Roberts, Ralph, 25Roberts, W. J., 306, 356Robertson, 33Robertson, G. H., 311Rock, De Bard, 233Rock, J. L., 38, 187Rocky, H. F., 180Rockey, J. L., 258Rockwell, Seth, 336Rodecker, A. W., 277Roderick, O. T., 346Rodman, H. W., 312Roe, Doctor E. R., 28, 29, 204, 205Roesch, Edward, 69Rogers, 357Rogers, E., 4Rogers, E. S., 276Rogers, John D., 223Rogers, T. M., 292, 293Rohr, 208Rohr, J. W., 330Rollins, Charles E., 101, 138Roney, Benjamin, 338Roney, Horace, 250Roof, A. J., 18Roos, 208Roos, Herman, 87, 108, 138

INDEX TO NAMESS8SRupp, Friedrich, 22Roos, Peter, 138Rupp, A. O., 173, 221 Sanders, A. D., 326Root, 80Root, F. W., 80Root, George F., 80Roper, J. D., 321Roper, Sam., 191Rose, J. D., 195Rose, L. M., 169Rose, W. B., 332Rose, Walter A., 247Rust, Elam, 21, 157, 350Rust, George W., 101, 103, 157Russell, 3, 23, 332Russell, Alex, 255Russell, Charles P., 80, 115Russell, E. E., 113Russell, George, 341Russell, Gervis M., 254Russell, J.,80Rose, William S., 211Russell, John, xxxvi, Iv, n, 75, 115Rosette, Clinton, 160Rosette, John E., 324Ross, 20Rosier, Gustav Adolph, 292Rotrock, M. W., 51Rotteck, Karl, 292Rounds, S. P., 56, 70, 72Rounds, S. P., Jr., 86191, 293Russell, Martin J., 144Russell, P. C., 95Russell, S. W., 184Russell, Thomas J., 343Russell, W. H., 215Rutan, 329Ruth, 238Rounseville, William, 55, 57, 58, 61, Ruth, R. B., 197279, 298, 308, 309, 324Rutz, Doctor Gallus, 199Rowe, 300Rowe, J. H., 170Rowe, Doctor N., 121Rowe, Mrs. N., 121Rowell, H. W., 159Rowland, Elbert, 267Rowland, S. B., 220Rowley, John R., 128Rowley, M. M., 27Rowley, S. Frank, 27Royalty, R. M., 231Rubottom, W. F., 202Ruf, John, 43Ruggles, James, 167Ruggles, James Monroe, 175, 258, 357Ruggles, Mark, 198Ruggles, R. H., 240, 275Ruhbaum, Rudolph, 120Ryan, 271Ryan, E. G., 53Ryan, John, 157Ryan, M., 132Ryan, Martin, 113Ryan, P. J., 132Rylander, Victor, 134Sabin, Doctor F. A., 337Sabin, O. C., 31, 312Sackett, W. L., 247Said, 34, 248Sailer, Joseph P., 20Salim, 222Salisbury, J. S., 115Salisbury, Wilbur S., 109Sallee, G. H., 249Salmonsen, L., 122Saltiel, 165Ruhe, I. F., Jr., 323Saltzman, M. V., 179Rulison, Henry, 164Rumley, Edward, 190, 267Runnel, Edward, 144, 279, 325Ruoff, A., 23Salvesen, Charles C. M., 143Sampson, Nels, 144Sams, 128Sanders, 303

ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSanders, C. L., 231Sanders, E. P., 272, 273Sanders, J. H., 103Sandham, William R., 336, 360Sanford, 183, 275, 313Sanford, John O., 240Sangen, H. von, 90Sapp, F. M., 270, 271, 282, 359Sapp, Fred A., 271Sargeant, J. J., 284Sargent, C., 21Sargent, E. H., 93Sargent, J. L., 21Sargent, J. W., 243, 318Satterfield, Edward, 255Satterfield, John, 255Satterfield, Judge, 255Satzman, M. V., 287Saunders, Add, 35Saunders, Eugene, 196Savage, Reverend G. S. F., 58Savage, G. S. G., 75Savage, H. H., 184Savage, Morris, 248Sawyer, 40Sawyer, A. R., 34Sawyer, E. E. B., 38Sawyer, John York, Ixvii, 167, 341,342Sawyer, Seth T., 3, 342Sawyer, Thomas, 50Saxby, E. A., 137Saxenmeyer, Theodore, 52Sayles, J. F., 343Scammon, John Y., 85, noScarborough, A. J., 132Scates, Walter, 147Schabehorn, A., 325Schaberhorn, Reverend A., 20Schade, 69Schade, Louis, 72Schaffer, Charles A., 347Schaffter, C. A., 18Schalin, A. W., 87, 301Schallenberger, M., 336Schatzell, Frank, 269Scheel, Frederick .,24Schell, R. B., 176, 177Schierbaum, F. W., 241Schierenberg, Ernst, 292Schild, 262Schiller, Edward, 20, 46Schlaeger, 61, 69Schlange, H., 42, 325, 326Schleyer, George, 76Schmall, 24Schmidt, 208Schmidt, Emil, 259, 260Schmidt, Doctor Ernest, 79Schmidt, Doctor H. D., 260Schmidt, Henry J., 259Schmitt, Frederick A., 32Schneider, Christian, 8Schneider, George, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 61Schniedewend, 115Schoff, S. S., 79Schon, Reverend K., 103Schoof, C. E., 48Schooley, A. C., no, 136Schoupe, T. D., 262Schrader, L. O., 212Schreiner, F. G., 229Schtaeger, George, 68Schuckers, W. F., 257Schultze, E., 76Schureman, W. H., 312Schurz, Carl, 81Schuster, John, 43Schuyler, William H., 84, 85Schwab, Michel, 125, 130Scibird, Edward A., 175Scibird, John D., 28, 29Scibird, John S., 175Scott, 112, 183Scott, Benjamin, 242Scott, Charles, 67, 68, 196, 237Scott, D. W., 183, 184Scott, Daniel, 287Scott, Frank W., 59, 61, 227Scott, J. G., 245

INDEX TO NAMES 587Scott, J. P., 139Scott, J. W., 144Scott, James P., 1 13Scott, James W., 144,Scott, Matthew T.,Scott, W. S., 206Scripps, xcviii, 55, 59,Scripps, Benjamin F.,Scripps, George Washington,Scripps, J. Corrie, 307Scripps, Reverend John,Scripps, John L., Ixxi,Scriven, C. H., 69Searle, Elmer, 248Sears, 263, 308Seaton, B. F., 63Seaton, B. W., 38,Seaton, Benjamin, 336Seaton, F. B., 187Seaton, John H., 38Seaton, R. W., 288Seavey, 201Sedgwick, James H.,Sedgwick, James R.,Seed, Maurice, 256Seed, T. H., 331Seeger, Eugen, 22Seeley, Guy, 296Seibold, Ludwig, 22St Iby, Paul, Ixxvii,204, 291, 321Selby, T. J., 195. 206Sellan, C. J., 357Sellars, A., 26Sellars, G., 26Sellers, A., 337Sellers, W. W., 277Sellon, Charles J.,257Semmelroth, George,Semmelroth, Hermann,Senger, D. B., 180Sennott, James, 350Sessions, Frank J.,Setterdahl, 143Severinghaus, Reverend134, 145Sewall, George H.,Seward, J. L., 318Sewell, Alfred L.,Sexauer, B. F., 224,Sexauer, Emil, 224Seybold, T. S., 219Seybt, C. H., 199Seylern, Hannibal,Seymour, ArthurSeymour, HoratioShafer, F. A., 174Shaffer, J, Wilson,Shaffner, 17Shankland, 175Shankland, B. F.,Shannon, John M.,Shannon, John R.,Shannon, R. B.,Sharer, John, 253Sharkey, 39Sharp, 29Sharp, John, 269Sharp, T. C., 348Sharp, T. J., Ixxxvi,Sharp, Thomas C.,Sharp, Thomas J.,Sharp, W. O., 46Shaver, C. H., 147Shaw, B. F., Ixxvii,162, 275Shaw, Ernest, 211Shaw, Eustace, 161Shaw, George K.,Shaw, George W.,Shaw, J. B., 20439, 25234583,32622P., 141W.,85351221Ixxxvi,23446,152,9,18318863,23,J.102,144349224,161,185,24D., 97,17451, 320225161,205,n.,1843160307307, 308307Ixxii, 63187, 269, 36091311330Ixxviii, n., Ixxx, n.,Scott, Owen, 30, 169, 326Scott, T. W., 180Scott, W. T., 38Scott, Walter, cScroggs, George, 48Scroggs, J. R., 180Scroggs, John W., 47Seaman, L. S., 240

588 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSShaw, James, 15, 58Shaw, James H., 30Sheahan, James W., 65, 65, n., 76Shearer, Herbert, 140Sheets, Colonel B. F., 253Sheets, J. M., 274Sheetz, Hiram M., 180Sheffield, D. A., nSheldon, 113, 118, 281Sheldon, M. G., 164Sheldon, William, 81Shelley, W. D., 237Shepard, 241Shepard, Henry L., 114, 119Shepherd, A. N., 241Shepherd, P. B., 157Shepherd, W. H., 223Sheppard, Reverend Nathan, 174Sherer, 269Sherer, George W., 302Sherman, Major F. C., Ixxxiv, n.Sherman, J. H., 185Sherman, J. L., 18Sherman, S. C., 341Sherwood, D. B., 335Sherwood, R. G., 10She waiter, Jacob D., 278Shield, John, 294Shilton, T. J.,Shinkel, 41nShinn, Cyrus, 190Shinn, Reverend R. F., 88Shipman, Doctor George E., 63, 77,85, 106, 107Shoaff, F. L., 274Shoaff, J. D., 274Shoaff, James, 26, 28, 49, 50, 156, 157,I93 274, 276, 316Shoaff, L. A. G., 274Shoaff, T. B., 157, 158, 194, 274, 317Shoals, George L., 13, 225, 243Shoemaker, J. N., 9Shook, William, 190Shope, Sinion P., 241Short, Theophilus, 316Shouf, V. B., 213Shoupe, 23Shoupe, R. M., 43Shoupe, T. D., 43Shoupe, W. C., 43Shoupe, W. H., 23Showman, 327Shrader, 342Shuey, H. W., 13 2,. 133Shuler, C. C., 180Shull, U. P., 355Shuman, Andrew, 57, 85Shumard, C. D., 329Shumway, 334Shup, Frank L., 263Shup, Isaac, 263Shup, John H., 196, 263Shurley, E. R. P., 113Shurly, 303Shurtleff, 214, 253Shurtleff, F., 277Shurtliff, W. D., 19Shutt, Frank, 274Shutt, P. L., 253, 316, 317, 330Shutt, P. W., 330Shutt, Philip, 274Shutts, Peter, 208Sibley, Doctor, 176Sibley, C., 176Sibley, C. E., 177Sibley, C. W., 176Sibley, Charles D., 275Sickels, J. W., 96Siddall, J. J., 93Siegmund, Jacob, 15, 1 6Sigel, Franz, 81Sigler, William H., 204Signor, C. B., 164Sikes, John H., 326Sikes, L. Y., 238Sikking, 166Silence, W. S., 34Siler, 337Silik, Samuel, 228Silvernail, 251

INDEX TO NAMES 589Silversmith, Julius, 105, 106, 118Simcox, 168Simmons, A. H., 190Simmons, George E., 17Simmons, H. H., 221, 255, 256Simmons, Rev. H. M., 142Simmons, Milton F., 204, 321Simmons, Terry, 235, 313Simons, J. A., 331Simonton, Thomas, 33Simpson, Joe, 247Simpson, W. M., 261Sinclair, A., 235Singleton, J. W., 291Sisney, George W., 233Sittig, 126Sittig, E. A., 135Skaggs, G. B., 49Skaggs, Gilbert, 49Skaggs, John W., 49Skeppstedt, 137Skiles, Nace, 347Skinner, Mrs. 251Skinner, J. T., 281Skinner, John L., 9Skinner, P. W., 258Skinner, S. P., 62Skiver, 329Slack, James L., 200Slade, 86Slade, George P., 206, 230Sladek, Joseph, 92Slaughter, 39Sloan, Enoch P., 278Sloan, Frank, 253Sloan, Oscar B., 67Sloan, Walter B., 67, 70Slocum, Charles E., 179Slocum, Samuel, 260Sluss, A. C., 337Slybold, 183Small, Doctor A. E., 85Smalley, Restores C., 41Smiley, R. L., 8Smedley, T. M., 295Smethurst, Joseph, 336Smith, Ix, 9, 136, 165, 170, 194, 223,224, 235, 290, 308, 324, 339Smith, A. B., 262Smith, A. E., 250,. 302, 359Smith, A. F., n, 225Smith, A. G., 155, 242Smith, A. S., 207Smith, Abraham E., 299, 300, 302Smith, Albert F., 225, 347Smith, Albion, 13, 178Smith, Amos, 244Smith, Ashford, 4, 305Smith, Augustus C., 206, 207, 207, n.Smith, C. A., 52Smith, C. K., 246Smith, C. L., 289, 290Smith, Doctor C. Stoddard, 171Smith, Carlos H., 171Smith, Charles A., 93Smith, Charles G., 119, 343Smith, D. C., 260Smith, Doctor D. S., 68Smith, D. T., 358Smith, Day K., 143Smith, E., 186Smith, E. A., 8Smith, Elias, 29Smith, Mrs. Ellen, 47Smith, E. W., 359Smith, Eugene, 8Smith, F. K., 246Smith, Colonel G. P., 204, 207Smith, G. W., 285Smith, George, 27, 323Smith, George W., 17, 231Smith, H. K., 232Smith, Henry M., 85Smith, Hyrum, Ixxxviii, 261Smith, Isaac B., 186Smith, Isaac C., 67Smith, J., 289Smith, Reverend J. A., 61Smith, James, 305, 306Smith, James A., 50

590 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSSnow, B. F., Ixxxv, 29Smith, General James B., 228Snow, A. L., 253 Spickler, D. H., 180Smith, James H., 176Smith, Jay, 129Smith, J. B., 210Smith, J. C., 353Smith, John, 51, 276, 277, 335Smith, John J., 12, 232, 296, 333Snow, D. J., 323Snow, J., Ixxxv, 29, 324Snow, J. F., 274Snow, J. W., 25, 43Snyder, 156Snyder, F. A., 21Smith, Joseph, Ixxxviii, Ixxxviii, n. Snyder, Frank M., 339Ixxxix, 260, 261, 285Smith, J. Russell, 337, 355Smith, J. W., 271Smith, L. E., 167Smith, M. S., 262Smith, M. W., 269Smith, Milton A., 344Smith, Milton M., 262Smith, Oliver J., 32, 116, 178Smith, Robert, 51Smith, S. M., 117Smith, Stephen R., 185, 186Smith, Theophilus W., xli, xlvi, xlviii,166Smith, Reverend Thomas, 72Smith, Thomas S., 43Smith, Warfield P., 52Snyder, Doctor G. W., 305Snyder, Doctor John F., 346Snyder, W. C., 182Snyder, William C., 229Soderholm, J. N., 74Solberg, C., 87Solomon, W. A., 190Somerby, J. A., 172Somerby, J. L., 172Somers, 9Sonn, 332Sorrels, Frank C., 217Southard, Charles E., 247Souther, 6Southerland, St. Clair, 274Southwick, 131Southworth, G. S., 359Smith, Willard A., 93, 143Sowers, James C., 257Smith, Willard H., 219Spalding, 137Smith, William, 188, 260Smith, William E., 126, 139, 299, 300,359Smith, W. J., 352Smithe, George C., 38Smoyer, Reverend, 263Smulski, W., 122Smyers, B. E., 94Smyser, Alfred N., 330Smyzer, William H., 48, 330Sneed, Charles H., 27Snell, 240Snell, James P., 14, 221Snider, M. N., 281Snively, 33Snively, C. E., 39Sparks, Augustus R., 39, 307Spaulding, 71Spaulding, John, 173Spear, S. L., 191Spears, 316Spears, Barton W., 63Spears, S. G., 60Spellman, Samuel, 150Spence, M. H., 173Spencer, 238Spencer, A. E., 131Spencer, Charles L., 52Spencer, J. A., 119Spencer, W. A., 34Spencer, W. H., 66Spencer, W. S., 80, 82Snively, E. A., 41, 42, 186, 307Spichler, Doctor, 240

INDEX TO NAMESSpies, August, 125, 130Spink, E. O., 49Spink, Ebenezer, 49Spink, S. L., 274Spitzer, George A., 251Spivey, A. T., 316Spofford, C. W., 106Spore, C. R., 12Spotswood, J. B., 318Sprague, F. R., 68Sprague, Doctor G., 68Sprague, R. A., 124Sprague, R. H., 124Sprague, Thomas A., 90Sprague, Thomas S., 124Sprawls, J. B., 172Sprigg, 296Springer, Callie D. M., 262, 285, 361Springer, Francis, 199Springer, Frank, 167Springer, R. M., 262, 285, 361Springer, William M., 322Springsteen, 300Sproul, P. O., 12, 180Spurgeon, N. M. P., 202Spurgin, R. M., 50Spurlock, N., 188Squier, John J., 333Squier, W. B., 333St. Clair, 89St. Vrain, S., 51Stabeck, 181Stabeck, K. T., 156Stadtmann, Rudolph, 199Staiger, C. M., 136Staker, J. L., 151Stalker, Mary B., 75Stalp, C. T., 140Staniforth, Benjamin W., 170Stanley, Frank E., 95, 109Stanley, Isaac M., 176Stanley, J. C., 330Stanley, W. M., 158, 330Stanton, Thomas, 198Stapleford, A. D., 344Staples, Stephen J., 59Stark, 223Stark, John, 183Starkes, A. N., 241Starr, Elisha, 53Starrett, Mrs. Helen Elkin, 149Start, Reverend W. A., 62Stearns, A. K., 353Stebbins, Henry A., 285Stedman, Charles, 298Steele, 28, 101Steele, C. L., 30Steele, Doctor H., 281Stelle, James, 192Stelle, John P., 230Steele, W. R., 127, 356Steen, George H., 248, 249Steen, Joseph W., 249Steensohn, 87Steger, R. F., 266, 266, n.Stein, J. W., 218Stenquist, Charles J., 87Stephens, 252Stephens, Doctor B. G., 253Stephens, George W., 14Stephens, W. A., 251Stephenson, 224Stephenson, A. M., 356Stephenson, E. N., 359Stephenson, E. P., 30Stephenson, J. W., 182Stephenson, Lloyd B., 317Sterling, Fred E., 299Stern, Max, 141Stetson, Albert, 104Steuernagel, Otto, 23Stevens, 161Stevens, C. W., 125Stevens, H. H., 153, 231Stevens, N. E., 189, 228, 275, 275 n.Stevens, R. C., 219Stevens, R. R., 92Stevens, W. A., 251Stevens, W. W., 208Stevenson, Evan, 247

592 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSStewart, 56, 71Stout, W. W., 196, 197Stewart, Green, 234Stover, 13Stewart, I. D., 127Stowe, 67Stewart, J., 305Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 95Stewart, James D., 242Strack, Carl, 328, 329Stewart, J. R., 48Strafford, E., 28Stewart, R. F., 44Straka, John, 119Stewart, Thomas A., 55, 59Stratton, 235Stewart, Reverend W. F., 299Stratton, Charles T., 321Stibolt, P., 7Straub, Louis, 165Stickney, 254Strawn, C. C., 288Stickney, A. A., 175Streamer, Jacob, 287Stickney, C. H., 51Street, 116Stickney, C. W., 318, 355Street, Clement F., 93Stickney, William H., 314, 315Streeter, J. F., 329Stiefel, Heinrich, 199Strell, George W., 121Stierlin, H. J., 31Strode, Charles D., 50Stiles, Aaron K., 160, 187Strong, C. E., 108Stillman, S. O., 207Strong, J. J., 157Stimson, 9Strong, Orlo W., 69Stine, 166Strother, F. K., 150, 151Stitt, 309Stuart, Alexander, 53Stitt, T. W., 18Stuart, Charles M., 67Stiver, P. O., 180Stuart, Edward R., 23Stockenstrom, Herman, 245Stuart, Jonathan, 192Stockton, J. P., 191Stuart, Tom, 318Stoddard, 95Stuart, W. B., 9Stoddard, William O., 48Stuart, William, 53Stoelker, W. H., 129Stubblefield, J. B., 254Stokes, T. H., 224Stulik, Doctor K., 148Stone, 235Stump, G. E., 51Stone, Alexander, 280Sturges, Henry, 31Stone, C. C., 152Sturgess, 343Stone, J. W., 206Sturgess, Henry, 224Stone, Reverend Luther, 60Stuve, William, 190Stone, Melville E., 127Styles, E. B., 162Stone, Perry P., 39, 117Suddeth, 239Storey, Wilbur F., 65, 66Suddeth, R. D., 33, 193Storm, Isaac S., 318Sullivan, W. K., 57Storm, Orville, 317Suess, John H., 165Stormont, Gil R., 2Sullivan, H. V., 291Story, 113Sullivan, John J., 144Stotler, James, 263Sultzer, 112Stoughton, Reverend J. C., 86Sumerlin, Dolph, 317Stout, James, 288 Sumerlin, Eugene, 317

INDEX TO NAMES 593Sumerlin, Leon, 193, 317Sumerlin, O., 239Sumerlin, Rufus, 316, 317Sundelius, P. A., 74, 87, 108, 138Sumner, 256Summers, Charles, 236Summers, John W., 48, 201Summers, Matthew, 346Summers, W. M., 346Sumrix, 165Sumrix, S. D., 202Suttle, H. C., 253Suttle, James, 333Sutton, Eth., 236Sutton, G. A., 175Sutton, G. D., 238Sutton, Ham., 236Svendson, Lars C., 125Svenson, P. P., 88Swallow, Jacob, 273Swain, A. H., 246Swain, A. M., 360Swan, 308Swan, Burr H., 285Swan, C. A., 56Swan, D. G., 19, 34, 35, 197, 231Swanson, G. E., 359Swartz, 261Swartzcope, M. F., 191Swazey, Reverend Arthur, 102Sweney, Charles, 183Swenson, Gustaf , 245Swensson, C. A., 304Sweetland, John W., 191Swett, William C., 203, 204Swick, P. D., 163Swift, John, 188Swift, Morton D., 286, 287Swing, Reverend David, 113, 114, 149Swormated, 67Sylvester, George, 159Symonds, J. Henry, 100Taft, Edward A., 141Taft, Louis V., 185, 310Taggart, John M., 205Taggart, Robert M., 345Talbot, E. H., 25Talbot, John, 297Talbot, Percy, 297Talbot, Richard, 297Talbott, Elisha H., 132Talbott, Henry C., 350, 351Talcott, 121Taliaferro, Richard, 242Tallmadge, J. D., 105Tallman, S. W., 156Talmage, Reverend T. DeWitt, 89Tanner, J. B., 254, 255Tanquary, 39Tansey, John E., 96Tansey, Robert P., 7Tapley, W. B., 192, 217, 282, 283Tate, W. G., 334Tatham, George M., 194Taylor, 47, 164, 181, 214, 226, 238284, 320, 331, 335Taylor, Benjamin F., 62, 64, 79, 355Taylor, Cadet, 243, 3 2 9> 354Taylor, C. B., 311, 339Taylor, Charles H., 114Taylor, Charles W., 288Townsend, E. C., 64Taylor, Edmund D., 322Taylor, Reverend E. G., 83Taylor, F. M., 21, 24, 259Taylor, Francis M., 283Taylor, Harry W., 174Taylor, H. L., 354Taylor, James P., 28Taylor, J. F., 154Taylor, John, 260Taylor, Knox P., 31Taylor, S. Lovejoy, 163, 171, 189, 309,320Taylor, N. H., 211Taylor, W. B., 320, 329, 354Taylor, W. C., 183Taylor, William, 317Taylor, Woodbury M., 84Taylor, Zachary, 61

594 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSTeasdale, Benjamin, 7Teed, H. G., 108Teel, Benjamin V., 307Telstort, W. B., 33Templeton, 193Tenney, 214Tenney, H. A., 183Tenney, H. W., 183Terry, Theodore, 167, 168, 231Terwilliger, George, 182, 327Tesmer, Mrs. L. S., 319Tesmer, S. M., 319Thacker, 347Theaker, John S., 49Thew, C. P., 163Thiele, Reverend A. J., 136Thiele, Casper, 21Thielecke, E. H., 191Thielecke, E. W., 37Thielecke, Ernest, 37Tibbetts, A. W., 357Tinney, C. M., 347Tisdell, Freeman A., Sr., 348Thomas, 261Thomas, A., 308Thomas, Edward, 214Thomas, E. H., 154Thomas, G. F., 138, 139Thomas, Harrison, 360Thomas, Henry T., 54Thomas, Doctor Hiram A., 113Thomas, H. W., 114Thomas, J. H., 21Thomas, John, 308Thomas, Joseph, 242Thomas, R., 308Thomas, Richard S., 345Thomas, Robert I., 308Thomas, Robert J., 188Thomas, R. S., 346Thomas, W. C. E., 183Thomas, William B., 180Thompson, 68, 150, 156, 167Thompson, Charles L., 102Thompson, C. M., 262Thompson, David D., 67Thompson, D. G., 191Thompson, George M., 7Thompson, Hugh Miller, 78Thompson, J. C., 276Thompson, John Bradley, 345Thompson, P. H., 336Thompson, R. P., 52Thompson, R. S., 2Thompson, Slason, 57, 144Thompson, Thomas M., 347Thompson, T. O., 148Thompson, W. F., 13, 345Thomson, B. F., 32Thornton, Anthony, 316Thornton, S. Y., 39Thornton, W. E., 39Thorp, E. T., 47Thrane, Marc, 100Thrapp, 332Throgmorton, W. P., 26Tibbets, A. S., 209Tice, F. N., 179Ticknor, James S., 300Tilden, A. S., 45, 176, 206, 258, 345Tillinghast, B. F., 244, 245Tillotson, 154Tillson, John, 291Tillson, Judge, 186Tilton, Theodore, 79Timpson, Francis, 127Tinker, Franklin H., 105Tinkham, E. I., 74Tippit, Thomas, 267Tipton, Fred L., 190Tipton, George L., 190Tipton, Thomas F., 31Tisher, 101, 107Tisher, Theodore, 49Tissier, Maurice F., 166Titsworth, A. D., 60Tobey, 193Tobey, A. C., 352Tobey, W. H. H., 352Tobias, J. J., 142

INDEX TO NAMES 595Tobin, Charles T., 200, 226Tofft, Anders, 88Tolby, W. S., 229Tomblin, L. E., 201Tomblin, M. N., 201Tomlin, Mary, noTomlinson, 99Tomlinson, S. J., 171Torgerson, Reverend J. Z., 146Torrance, George, 50Tounshendeau, 16Tounshendeau, H. A., 285Tounshendeau, Mary A., 285Towne, Reverend Edward C., 101Townsend, S. J., 348Townsend, W. B., 329Toy, William H., 51, 296Tracy, Frank E., 321Tracy, J. M., 206Trafton, E. H., 100Traley, D. A., 175Tramble, Louis, 22Treadway, R. M., 4Treat, S. C., 286Treider, Reverend Christian, 103, 122Trench, William, 319Trice, N. S., 276Trickey, E. O., 10Trier, Harry L., 27Tromley, Lawrence F., 256, 315Tromley, Theodore, 256, 315Trousdale, F. A., 242Trover, E. S., 205Trover, John W., 36Trover, Edward S., 37Trower, W. A., 316, 317Trowling, 102Truax, 90True, 95Trueblood, 154Truesdale, 34Truitt, Charles R., 25, 337Trumbull, 118Trumbull, Lyman, Ixxxiii, Ixxxv, n.,66Trumbull, T. J., 285Tucker, 136Tucker, C. F., 334Tucker, C. M., 356Tucker, E. B., 239Tucker, Henry S., 98Tucker, S. S., 156, 189Tues, C. E., 127Tufts, C. D., 47Tufts, S. P., 47Tupper, Mrs. E. S., 77Tupper, Leonidas H., 159Turner, 16, 105, 122, 200, 247, 285Turner, A. W., 5Turner, Charles E., 151Turner, E. M., 105, 119, 132Turner, Frank, 151Turner, J. C., 26Turner, Jonathan Baldwin, Ixxiii,Ixxiv, 204Turner, H. L., 88Turner, O. A., 188Turner, O. H., 249Turner, Reverend P. L., 151Turner, Timothy, IxiiTurney, L. Jay S., 315Tuttle, 25, 196Tuttle, W. H., 298Twitchell, C. W., 239Tyrell, 189Tyrell, D. W., 160, 309Taylor, Rus., 61Uhler, Carle A., 247, 262Ullery, Mark, 17Umberger, Joseph S., 168, 337Underbill, 282Underbill, H. W., 219Underwood, 28, 29, 276Underwood, Isaac N., 50, 156, 157Underwood, Doctor J. J., 10Underwood, John R., 345Underwood, William J., 23Unions, R. M., 216Urech, J. R., 240Usrey, William J., Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 157

596 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSVoegele, Peter, 199Utter, 89Voak, Doctor J. E., 31 Walden, 67, 101Utter, David N., 142Utter, George S., 81, 91, 296Utterback, J. C., 311Vaile, E. O., 131Van Arsdale, W. W., 129Van Benthusen, 40Van Buren, B., 221Van Buren, Martin, Ixxv, 61, 292, 319Vance, Elijah M., 258Voeth, Robert, 293Vogan, James, 277, 278Volbraith, W., 22Volensk^, August, 148Volp, John, 32Von Epps, William H., 162Von Kettler, 184Von Lengerke, August, 22Von Reichenstein, Julius, 350Van Cleve, Collins, 20, 21, 23, 221 Voris, H. C., 350Van Court, T. M., 86Vosburg, C. A., 135Vandemark, J. K., 19, 346Vandener, William, 303Vanderen, P. B., 41Vosburgh, John I., 348Vosburgh, W. C., 147Vose, W. W., 17Vandever, Doctor T. G., 169Voss, 8Van Doom, J. K., 293Van Doren, 33VanDoren, R. N.,6iVan Dyke, A. W., 34, 35Van Galder, F. O., 331Vangorder, C. F., 351Van Hollen, 97Voss, Arno, 61Voss, J., 184Wade, 250Wadleigh, John, 262Wadsworth, M. G., 13Waggoner, 269Waggoner, Doctor E. E., 317, 330Van Kirk, 333Waggoner, F. R., 249Van Lue, F. M., 152Waggoner, H. 152Van Nortwick, Ira, 26Van Nortwick, J., 18Vansant, 118, 128, 202Vansant, I. L., 173Van Slyke, 152Van Slyke, J., 229Van Skiver, 329Van Stantvord, Reverend C., 102Van Syckel, D. B., 283Van Voris, 312Vaughn, 10Vaughn, J. C., 59, 6pVerner, Francis M., 259Vesofski, Carl, 30Vickers, A. K., 344Vincent, Reverend J. H., 40, 83, 133,Waggoner, I. V., 330Waggoner, J. Fred, 129, 131, 145, 149Waggoner, J. H., 330Waggoner, Joseph H., 330Wagner, in, 247Wagner, Albert, 181Wagner, James I., 331Wagner, Oscar, 181Wagner, R. H., 187Wagner, W. H., 181Wagner, William, 181Waite, 56, 279Waite, C. B., 303Waite, Mrs. C. V., 121Waite, C. W., 331Waite, Doctor Daniel D., 308253Virgin, J. Clark, 3Vittum, 72Waite, John, 194Waite, T. J., 59Wakefield, C., 28

INDEX TO NAMES 597Ward, D., 3Walden, John M., 175Ward, C. J., 129, 130 Watters, James C., 247Waldo, 260Waldo, Edmund, 9Waldron, 319Walker, 60, 344Walker, A. N., 263Walker, C. E., 147Walker, D. J., 68Walker, George, 322Walker, George P., 349Ward, F. P., 187Ward, Jacob, 346Ward, L. S., 248Ward, W. J., 187, 242Warden, J. L., 358Warder, 146Ware, 243Ware, J. E., 57Ware, Wilbur T., 7Walker, Reverend J. B., 58Warner, Charles W., 201Walker, Reverend J. F., noWarner, J. H., 265, 356Walker, James, 90Walker, John W., 193Walker, M. Garland, 116Walker, Mrs. M. L., 94Warner, Jacob, 32, 33Warner, P. F., 3, 197Warner, Perry M., 306Warnock, J. C., 238Walker, Napoleon Bonaparte, 205 Warren, Arthur R., 244Walker, Doctor T. H., 263Walker, Thomas J., 39Warren, E. W., 34, 267Warren, Hooper, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxviii,Walker, Tom, 22xxxix, n., xli, xlii, xliii, xlvi, xlviiiWalker, W. S., 238Ivi, Ixiv, 53, 55, 166, 182, 211, 229,Walker, Reverend Wareham, 170Wall, 206Wall, John A., 27, 153, 234, 255, 283,284, 310Wallace, 201, 213Wallace, Dale, 201Wallace, R. B., 191, 291Waller, R. A., 141Wallin, James H., 294Walls, Cicero V., 262, 330Walls, C. M., 337289, 321Warren, L. W., 286Washburn, C. A., 72Washburn, Will S., 234Washburne, E. B., xliiWassein, 237Wassell, C. B., 52Wassell, Charles D., 259, 296Wassell, J. B., 259Wassell, James F., 52Waterloo, Stanley, 91Walls, Cyrus N., 50, 159, 247, 333 Waters, 112Walsh, John R., xc, xci, 85, 127, Waters, L. H., 231144Waters, Orin, 28, 29, 30Walter, V., 7, 8Walters, 322, 323Walters, David R., 2Watkins, Paul, 151, 163Watson, 302Watson, G. L., 296, 354Walters, William, 341, 342Watson, J. D., 320Wamsley, uWatson, J. R., 278Wangelin, Otto H., 352Wanner, 139Ward, 263Ward, B. F., 46, 236Watson, James V., 67Watson, L. F., 201, 283, 351Watson, Lorenzo F., 351Watson, W. W., 17

598 ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWatts, Amos, 259Waugh, J. Walter, 249Waugh, John A., 249Way, 259Weaver, Mrs. Elizabeth, 273Weaver, George F., 270Weaver, J. D., 281Weaver, Volney, 228Webb, A. D., 333Webb, G. L., 359Weber, IxxxviiWeber, George R., 322, 323Weber, George W., 323, 333Weber, J. R., 323Weber, John B., 323Weber, R., 325Webster, Alfred, 244Webster, B. F., 7Webster, E. C., 219Webster, G. H., 264Webster, J. C., 223, 224Webster, General J. D., 59Weddell, Thomas R., 280Weeden, 23, 196Weeden, T. C., 20Weedin, 350Weigler, G. H., 7Weigley, W., 202Weipert, Carl, 156Weir, J. C., 295Weiss, A., 277Weiss, Peter, 199Welch, 16Welch, E. E., 172Welch, Robert W., 248Welch, Rodney, 54Welch, Thomas W., 282Welker, Henry, 47Weller, John S., 67Wells, H. K., 173Wells, H. W., 186Wells, J. C., 326Wells, Joel Henry, 72, 76, 100Wells, P. L., 69, 76Welsh, T. W., 289Welsher, W. A., 25Wenborne, C., 126, 135Wendell, Charles, 133Wendell, M., 118Wendling, George R., 316, 317Wendte, Reverend C. W., 142Wenstrand, A. E., 123Wentworth, E., 220Wentworth, John, Ixxx, 52Wenzel, Doctor F., 22, 23Werkheiser, George, 244West, xlviiiWest, C. Abe, 319West, Edward W., 21West, Emanuel J., 166West, H. W., 147West, James J., 66West, Reverend Robert, 8, 89West, W. S., 327Westbrook, Harmon, 242Westby, 87Westergreen,*N. O., 82Western, H. J.,60Weston, Allyn, 68Wetzel, 254Whaley, Charles, 297Wharton, 303Wharton, O. P., Ixxvii, IxxviiiWheadon, Selah, 197, 223Whedon, D. D., 103Wheeler, 129, 189Wheeler,|D. H., 251Wheeler, Hiram N., 172, 309Wheeler, J. N., 172Wheeler, John E., 59, 214Wheeler, R., 126Wheeler, R. W., 120Wheeler, S. P., 249Wheelock, A. A., 206, 357Whelan, John L., 109Whetzell, 178Whetzell, D. C., 229Whiffen, William B., 217Whipple, H. R., 41, 112Whipple, T. Herbert, 14, 64, 70

INDEX TO NAMES 599Wilcox, D. F., 291Whitaker, Charles H., 231, 335, 346Wilcox, C. A., 291 Williams, John S., 155White, 92, 96, 116, 240, 293Wilcox, Daniel, 291White, Mrs. Annie R., 105White, D. N., 348White, George, 196White, H. F., 263White, Horace, Ixxii, Ixxx, n., xci, 6060, n.White, Doctor James W., 75White, Louise, 245White, Oliver, i, 214, 245, 277, 336White, Samuel S. W., 75White, W. W., 359Whitehall, Alexander L., 351Whitehead, S. S., 236Whitehurst, 51Whitehurst, S. S., 323Whiteley, Simeon, 14Whitfield, Herbert, 278Whitfield, James, 277Wilcox, Edmund, 207Wilcox, L. C., 47Wilcox, T. G., 100Wild, J. W., 264Wild, W. G., 218Wiley, E.JJR., Jr., 325Wiley, Edmund R., 323Wiley, J. W., 86, 101Wilgus, Professor, 25Wilhelm, Victor, 43Wilhelmy, Henry, 134Wilkes, W. W., 244Wilkie, Franc B., 66Wilkins, 177Wilkins, D. R., 139Wilkins, Daniel, 133Wilkins, Theodore, 20Wilkinson, 283Whiting, R. H., 185, 280Wilkinson, Henley, 19Whitlock, John A., 236, 355Wilkinson, Reverend John, noWhitman, J. D., 167, 168Whitmarsh, 63Whitney, A. V., 318, 319Will, 40Willard, E. K., 74Willard, Frances E., 83, 84Whitney, C. A., 319Willard Mrs. Mary B., 148Whitney, C. E., 319Whitney, C. N., 215, 218, 290Whitney, Cash, 347Whitney, Reverend S. W., 105Whittemore, Caleb, 279Whitten, Charles P., 231Whitten, George E., 264Whittier, A. L., 100Whitting, 179Whittleton, 18Wickham, H. E., 313Wiehr, George F., 291Wight, J. Ambrose, 53, 54, 58, 60, 298Wignall, Thomas H., 69Wignall, Thomas M., 69Wilbanks, R. A. D., 255Wilborg, 185Wilbur, H. S., 302Willard, Nathan, 235, 236Willard, Oliver A., 84Willard, Samuel, Ixiii, 292, 324, 325Willeford, W. H., 233Willett, E., 35William, A., 33Williams, 282, 337Williams, C. I., 192Williams, C. J., 311Williams, Charles F., 207Williams, D. B., 30Williams, D. G., 294Williams, E. A., 178Williams, Frederick G., 260Williams, G. M., 24Williams, J. H., 239Williams, J. M., 286Williams, J. T., 330

6ooILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWilliams, Laubson, 207Williams, Samuel H., 108, inWilliams, Scott, 328Williams, Thomas, 69Williams, Tom, 337Williams, W. C., 271, 272Williamson, E. E., 195Williamson, H. L., 257Willis, 170Williston, George G., 85Willoughby, A. V., 332Willoughby, C. E. H., 284Willoughby, Thomas K., 164, 284Wilmans, C. J., 176Wilmans, C. I., 176, 250Wilmans, J. F., 251Wilmans, J. H., 250Wilson, 2, ii, 25, 101, 150, 187, 217,265, 290, 306, 308, 319, 344Wilson, Benjamin, 14Wilson, Benjamin F., 189Wilson, B. T., 188, 189Wilson, Charles L., 57, 62Wilson, Charles W., 337Wilson, David D., 254Wilson, Edward, 34, 197, 238Wilson, Edwin A., 325, 326Wilson, F., 302Wilson, F. B., 269Wilson, George W., 214Wilson, Henry, 294Wilson, Hugh M., 133Wilson, James Grant, 71, 72, 74, 79Wilson, James W., 140Wilson, John, 189Wilson, John L., 57Wilson, John M., 265Wilson, John R., 57Wilson, Reverend Joseph Gaston, 66Wilson, L. F., 143Wilson, L. O., 289Wilson, M. L., 179Wilson, Richard L., 57, 61Wilson, Robert, 58Wilson, S. D., 269Wilson, T. T., 230Wilson, Thomas, 89, 109, 124Wilson, W. D., 265Wilson, William, 348Wilson, William Duane, 58, 59, 65Wilson, Zip, 329Winchell, S. R., 131Windle, Alexander, 251Wing, 40Wing, J. B., 90, 105Wing, J. M., 97, 133Wingate, Charles H., 157Wingren, E., 135Winkler, John, 238Winship, 290Winter, Mrs. Anna, 156Winter, Carl C., 156, 304Winter, Edward C., 292Winter, J. S., 260Winter, John S., 39, 216Winterberger, Frank, 316Winters, Benjamin, 333Witcher, Robert B., 266Withers, H. C., 45Witt, M., 184Wittan, 288Witte, J. J., 271Wittig, Victor, 82, 300Wolf, 179, 225Wolf, E. G., 168Wolf, J., 279Wolf, L. P., 224, 281, 282Wolf, Lyman E. D., 64Wolfe, 219, 232Wolfe, C. E., 177, 206, 230Wolfe, J. W., 173, 202, 214, 222, 227,253. 290Wolfe, Thomas, 31, 275Wolff, J. W., 150Wolff, Doctor M. L., 287Wolford, Henry, 278Wolfram, Joseph, 281Wood, C. L., 178Wood, E. A., 178Wood, J. Q. A., 63

INDEX TO NAMES 601Wood, John, 85Wood, L. M., 335Wood, M. B., 192Woodbury, Charles J., 299Woodbury, Edward Everett, 112Woodcock, 278Woodcock, O. F., 172, 360Woodmere, W. S., 90Woodruff, Wilford, 260Woods, 238Woods, C. M., 290, 292Woods, George, 119Woods, Robert Mann, 208Woods, Captain Thomas E., 239Woods, William J., 185Woods, Winfield, 239Woodward, C. S., 198Woodward, J. D., 198Woolen, Henry T., 232Worden, Ananias, 66Workman, William, 49Worrall, B. F., 58, 60Worrall, Thomas D., 207Worrell, William H., 179Worthington, Charles M., 327, 328Woud, John Vant, 81Wright, 296, 344Wright, George E., 299Wright, J., 89Wright, James, 266, 266, n.Wright, John B., 197Wright, John S., 53, 54Wright, N. D., 299Wright, O. H., 196Wright, Thomas, 206Wright, Timothy, 59Wright, W., 29Wright, Washington, 69, 324Wright, Will C., 194Wrightman, William M., 18Wroe, 1 08Wuench, Reverend Alfred, 158, 159Wuertenburg, 183Wulff, A., 326Wyatt, Mrs. Anna, 225Wyatt, Hiram, 214Wyatt, Colonel W. D., 225Wyman, John B., 9Wynkoop, A. B., 227, 352Yarnell, George, 222Yates, Abraham, 261Yates, Hawes, 204Yates, Richard, Ixxxiv, n., 271Yates, Reverend T., 68Yeager, George I., 101, 120, 136, 138Yeargin, J. S., 265Yeargin, L. T., 265Yerby, G. W., 71Yerkes, Charles T., inYork, George W., 77Youmans, George B., 313Young, 74, 128, 291, 296, 315Young, B. S., 226Young, David G., 233Young, E. W., 342Young, George W., 234Young, H. W., 263Young, Henry, 222Young, Henry W., 187Young, J. H., 201Young, John A., 317Young, Merrill C., 276Young, Richard M., 290Young, Robert S., 226Young, W. S., 181Yount, Lozier D., 266Zabriskie, D. L., 309Zane, 283Zarley, C., 207Zarley, C., Jr., 207, 208Zdrubeck, F. B., 129Zeese, A., 116Zeller, J. R., 296Zeller, S. W., 296, 355Zepp, D. H., 263Zieber, John S., 278Zimmerman, Jacob, 236, 251, 338Zimmerman, M. V., 178Zotz, Alois, 279, 280Zwanzig, Adolph, 281

INDEX TO COUNTIES

INDEX TO COUNTIESAdams CountyCamp Point, 38Clayton, 150Mendon, 240Payson, 276Quincy, 290-294Alexander CountyCairo, 35Bond CountyGreenville, 193Boone CountyBelvidere, 25Capron, 40Brown CountyMt. Sterling, 253, 254Versailles, 344Bureau CountyBuda, 34Lamoille, 218Neponset, 261Princeton, 289, 290Tiskilwa, 335Walnut, 348Calhoun CountyHardin, 195Carroll CountyLanark, 218Mt. Carroll, 251Savanna, 312Shannon, 313Thomson, 334Cass CountyAshland nBeardstown, 18Chandlerville, 49Virginia, 345~347Champaign CountyChampaign, 47Homer, 201, 306Mahomet, 232Philo, 283Rantoul, 294, 295Tolono, 335Urbana, 338, 339605Christian CountyAssumption, 12Morrisonville, 248Pana, 272, 273Taylorville, 333, 334Clark CountyCasey, 46, 256Marshall, 235, 236, 237Martinsville, 237Richmond, 296Westfield, 354, 355Clay CountyClay City, 150Flora, 179Louisville, 228Clinton CountyCarlyle, 42Clement, 151Huey, 201Trenton, 337Coles CountyCharleston, 49Mattoon, 238, 239Oakland, 265Cook CountyArlington Heights, 1 1Barrington Station, 17Blue Island, 32Chicago, 52-149Des Plaines, 161Dolton, 162Englewood, 173Evanston, 174Hyde Park, 202Lemont, 221Mt. Forest, 252Noyesville, 265Palatine, 271Park Ridge, 274Riverside, 296South Chicago, 319West Chicago, 354Crawford CountyHutsonville, 201Robinson, 297

6o6ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSCumberland CountyGreenup, 193Majority Point, 232Neoga, 261Toledo, 335De Kalb CountyDe Kalb, 160Genoa, 189Hinckley, 201Lee, 313Malta, 232Sandwich, 311, 312Shabbona, 313Somonauk, 319Sycamore, 331, 332Waterman, 351De Witt CountyClinton, 151, 152Farmer City, 177Kenney, 214.Douglas CountyArcola, nNewman, 262Tuscola, 337Du Page CountyNaperville, 257, 258Turner Junction, 337Wayne, 354Wheaton, 355Edgar CountyChrisman, 150Kansas, 211Paris, 273, 274Edwards CountyAlbion, 2Effingham CountyAltamont, 3Emngham, 169Ewington, 175Mason, 238Fayette CountyFarina, 177St. Elmo, 309Vandalia, 340-343Ford CountyGibson City, 189Paxton, 275Piper City, 284Roberts, 297Franklin CountyBenton, 26Ewing, 174Fulton CountyAstoria, 12Avon, 17Canton, 39Farmington, 179Ipava, 202Lewistown, 222Vermont, 344Gallatin CountyShawneetown, 314-316Greene CountyCarrollton, 44Greenfield, 192Kane, 209Roodhouse, 305, 306White Hall, 193, 355, 356Grundy CountyGardner, 187Morris, 247Hamilton CountyMcLeansboro, 229, 230Hancock CountyAugusta, 13Carthage, 45Commerce, 153Dallas, 154Hamilton, 195La Harpe, 217Nauvoo, 260, 261Plymouth, 286Warsaw, 348, 349Hardin CountyElizabethtown, 172Henderson CountyBiggsville, 27Oquawka, 268Raritan, 295Henry CountyCambridge, 38Galva, 186Geneseo, 188Kewanee, 214Magnolia, 232Orion, 269, 270Woodhull, 358, 359Iroquois CountyAshkum, nBuckley, 33, 267Chebanse, 50Clifton, 151Gilman, 189Loda, 228Middleport, 242Milford, 243

INDEX TO COUNTIES 607Iroquois County continuedOnarga, 267Sheldon, 318Watseka, 351, 352Jackson CountyAva, 17Carbondale, 40De Soto, 161Grand Tower, 191Murphysboro, 256, 257Jasper CountyNewton, 263Jefferson CountyMt. Vernon, 254-256Jersey CountyGrafton, 191Jerseyville, 206, 207Jo Daviess CountyApple River, nDunleith, 163Galena, 182-184Warren, 348Johnson CountyNew Burnside, 262Norris City, 264Vienna, 344Kane CountyAurora, 13Batavia, 18Dundee, 163Elgin, 170Geneva, 188Hampshire, 195St. Charles, 308, 309Kankakee CountyBuckingham, 33Chebanse, 50Grant Park 192Kankakee, 210, 211Momence, 245St. Anne, 308Kendall CountyBristol, 33Little Rock, 227Millington, 243Newark, 262Oswego, 270Piano, 285, 286Yorkville, 361Knox CountyAbingdon, iAltona, 9Galesburg, 184Knox County continuedKnoxville, 216Maquon, 233Oneida, 267Yates City, 360, 361Lake CountyLake Zurich, 217Little Fort, 227Waukegan, 352, 353La Salle CountyDana, 154Earlville, 164La Salle, 219Lostant, 228Lowell, 229Mendota, 240New Rutland, 262Ottawa, 270, 271Peru, 282Ransom, 294Rockwell, 305Rutland, 308Seneca, 313Sheridan, 318, 319Streator, 329Tonica, 335Utica, 339Lawrence CountyLawrenceville, 220Sumner, 331Lee CountyAmboy, 9Ash ton, 12Compton, 153Dixon, 161Franklin Grove, 180Lee, 221Paw Paw, 275Livingston CountyChatsworth, 50Cornellville, 153Dwight, 164Fairbury, 175Long Point, 228Odell, 265Pontiac, 287, 288Logan CountyAtlanta, 12Lincoln, 223-225Mt. Pulaski, 253Macon CountyDecatur, 156-160Macon, 232Niantic, 263

6o8ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSMacoupin CountyBrighton, 33Bunker Hill, 34Carlinville, 41Gillespie, 189Girard, 190Medqra, 239Nilwood, 263Scottsville, 313Shipman, 319Staunton, 327Virden, 345Madison CountyAlton, 3-9Collinsville, 153Edwardsville, 166Troy, 337Upper Alton, 338Marion CountyCentral City, 46Centralia, 46Kinmundy, 215Odin, 265Salem, 309-311Sandoval, 311Marshall CountyHenry, 198Lacon, 216La Rose, 218Lawnridge, 219Sparland, 319Varna, 344Wenona, 354Mason CountyHavana, 196Mason City, 238Massac CountyMetropolis, 241McDonough CountyBlandinsville, 27Bushnell, 34Colchester, 153, 231Macomb, 151Prairie City, 288McHenry CountyAlgonquin, 3Harvard, 196Marengo, 233McHenry, 229North Crystal Lake, 265Nunda, 265Richmond, 296Woodstock, 359, 360McLean CountyBellflower, 25Bloomington, 27Chenoa, 50Danvers, 155Gridley, 194Le Roy, 222Lexington, 223Normal, 264Saybrook, 312Stanford, 327Weston, 355Menard CountyMaroa, 234, 235Petersburg, 283Tallula, 332Mercer CountyAledo, 2Keithsburg, 213New Boston, 262New Windsor, 263Monroe CountyColumbia, 295Waterloo, 350, 351Montgomery CountyHillsboro, 199Litchfield, 226Nokomis, 263, 264Raymond, 295Morgan CountyJacksonville, 202-206Meredosia, 241Waverly, 353, 354Moultrie CountyLovington, 229Sullivan, 330Ogle CountyByron, 35Creston, 154Davis Junction 156Forreston, 179Grand Detour, 191Kyte River, 216Lane, 218Monroe, 246Mt. Morris, 252Oregon, 268, 269Polo, 286, 287Rochelle, 218, 297, 298Peoria CountyBrimfield, 33Chillicothe, 150Elmwood, 172Peoria, 278-282

INDEX TO COUNTIES 609Peoria County continuedPrinceville, 290Robin's Nest, 209Perry CountyDu Quoin, 163Pinckneyville, 283, 284Tamaroa, 332, 333Piatt CountyBement, 26Mansfield, 232Monticello, 246, 247Pike CountyBarry, 17Griggsville, 194Milton, 243Perry, 282Pittsfield, 284, 285Pope CountyGolconda, 191Pulaski CountyCaledonia, 38Mound City, 249Putnam CountyGranville, 192Hennepin, 197Randolph CountyChester, 51Coulterville, 153Kaskaskia, 211-213Palestine, 272Red Bud, 295, 296Sparta, 310-321Steeleville, 327Richland CountyOlney, 265-267Rock Island CountyMoline, 244, 245Port Byron, 288Rock Island, 302-304Saline CountyEldorado, 170Harrisburg, 195Stone Fort, 329Sangamon CountyAuburn, 13New Berlin, 262Riverton, 296Springfield, 321-326St. Clair CountyBelleville, 20East St. Louis, 165Illinoistown, 202St. Clair County continuedIlliopolis, 202Lebanon, 220Mascoutah, 237New Athens, 262O'Fallon, 265Rock Spring, 305Schuyler CountyRushville, 306-308Scott CountyBluffs, 32Exeter, 175Manchester, 232Naples, 258Winchester, 357, 358Shelby CountyMoweaqua, 256Shelby ville, 316-318Stewartson, 329Windsor, 358Stark CountyBradford, 32Toulon, 335, 336Wyoming, 360Stephenson CountyDakota, 154Davis, 156Freeport, 180, 181Lena, 221Tazewell CountyDelavan, 160Minier, 243Pekin, 276-278Tremont, 336, 337Washington, 349, 350Union CountyAnna, 10Cobden, 153Vermillion CountyDanville, 155, 156Hoopeston, 201Marysville, 237Rossville, 306Wabash CountyMt. Carmel, 250Warren CountyAlexis, 3Kirkwood, 215, 268Monmouth, 246Roseville, 306Young America, 361

6ioILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONSWashington CountyAshley, 12Nashville, 258-260Richview, 296Wayne CountyFairfield, 175Jeffersonville, 206White CountyCarmi, 44Enfield, 173Grayville, 192Whiteside CountyAlbany, 2Erie, 173Fulton, 181Lyndon, 229Morrison, 248Prophetstown, 290Rock Falls, 298Sterling, 327-329Tampico, 333Will CountyBeecher, 20Braidwood, 32Crete, 154Joliet, 207-209Will County continuedLockport, 227Mokena, 244Monee, 245Peotone, 282Plainfield, 285Wilmington, 356Williamson CountyMarion, 233, 234Winnebago CountyCherry Valley, 51Durand, 164Pecatonica, 276Rockford, 298-302Rockton, 305Woodford CountyBenson, 26El Paso, 173Eureka, 173Low Point, 229Metamora, 241Minonk, 243Roanoke, 297Secor, 313Washburn, 241, 349Woodford, 358.

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