The Faces of Trzcth 1-41ment of that vision is rnisconstrual of it as irrealist, as entailing denial of thewrld. The next chapter focuses on this point, 3% close this chapter it suffices<strong>to</strong> reiterate that what holds <strong>Foucault</strong>5s five uses of truth twether, whatmakes them all notions of truth, is their shared commenda<strong>to</strong>ry force. Whatseparates the uses in<strong>to</strong> five distinct notions are the contextual peculiaritiesof how each use of "is true'yis justified and justifies other attributions oftruth. All five kinds of attribution of truth commend sentences or beliefs regardlessof context. But each attribution must meet criteria peculiar <strong>to</strong> particularcontexts, and each attribution hnaions in a way peculiar ts particularcontexts, Z now turn <strong>to</strong> the question of whether all this denies theworld.Motes1. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1989:295,2. Foucadt 198013:66,3. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1989:314,4.1 offer this list we11 aware af <strong>Foucault</strong>'s use oEJorge his Borgcs" s"animal""f;stin The Order of 7"hi~gs.5. Xn the first edition T called this tl-te srelativistlcn use,6. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1980b: 131.7. F~ucault 1980b:131.8. Compare Burrell 1988; Hoo3per and I'ratt 1993.9. FoucauXt 198033:"33,10. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1984 b:17,11. <strong>Foucault</strong> 198033:118,12, Clear exarnptcs occur in court, as when a judge or jury establishes that an actwas, say, culpably negligent, therek making a prosecu<strong>to</strong>rial description true,13, Foucauit 1980h:I 31,14. I return ra this point in considering some remarks by Tr~dcS May.1.5, Hacking 1981:29.16, Nietzsche 1968a:267, my emphasis,17. NietzscZ~e 1968a:330,18. Nietzsche 1968a:267,19, Kraltsz 1989:l.20, Nellarnas 3 985:64,21, Krausz 1989:1,22. May 1993:80,23. May 1993:";a.24, iMay 1993:';79.25. Nietzsche 186Sa:298,26. F~ucault 1980b:I 17.27, Bernauer and Rasmussen 1988:15.28. See Allen 19531.29, Foueault 19"7:78; 1988b:107,
30. F~ucault 1988b:107.31. See AIIen 1993, especially the first two chapters.32. Deleuze 1993:20.33, Deleuze 1993:20,34. Nola 1994:37.35, Deleuze 1993:20.36. Deleuze's treatment of perspec-tivism and his attempt <strong>to</strong> describe the "variadons"hat are the objects of perspectives likely have their roots in <strong>Foucault</strong>" sownwork, In The Order of Thirzgs and particularly In The Archezeolc~a of Knowledge,Foucautt addresses haw concepts come ta be constituted <strong>with</strong>in discursive formations,Foucaulc 1922,1973.37, Clawkins 1976:206.38, Dawkins 1976:206,39. Dawklns 1976:206.40. Philosoplsers other than Rorty have avatled themselves of Dawkins" smees,notably Daniel Dennett.41. Rorty 1991c:4.42. For instance, shows of surprise at ignorance or doubt or assumptions evidentin comments and questions.43, Krirnman 3988:xviii.44. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1974, in Miller 1893:2111.45. Fo~lcault 1974, in Miller 1993:270.46, Maclntpre 197'7.47, Wisdom 1955:195,48. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1989:304.49, F~ucault 1991a:36.SO. Miller 1993:56,185-98,255-57; Macey 1993:14-15, 86-87,256-89.51. Fo~icault 1965; 1986; 1988a.52, Witness his infamous 1971 debate <strong>with</strong> Noam (Shomsky, Pl4iller 1993:201-031.53. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1989:303,54. <strong>Foucault</strong> 1989:305.55. Fo~lcaulr 1991a:27, Some may strive <strong>to</strong> change thcmselives for thc sake of creativityor enhanced awareness, or <strong>to</strong> escape a stultieing orthodoxy, But for othersthe need for change is more pressing, as in the case of those trapped in a psychologicallydebilitating gender role.56, Cleleuze 1984:149,57, In the first edition f called this the "scmt-objectivist"" use, Morc that it is myclaim that <strong>Foucault</strong> uses truth in these five different ways. He nowhere draws thedistinctions fl i~ave dram,SS. E.g., Nofa 1994:sec 5.6.59, Foucauit 1980b:I 32,60, Dreyfus and Rabinow 19&3:117.61. Foucauit 1972:217-18.62. Nola 1994:39,
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Starting with Foucault
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FoucauAn introduction to GeneaSECON
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Con tentsPreface to the Second Edig
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ce to the Second EditionFive years
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Chapter OneFoucauenge andMispercept
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Fournuit: ChaEEe~zge and Mi~,slter~
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Chapter TwoThe Domains oUnderstandi
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The Domai~s uf At.l,ak)jsis 19jecti
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The Domai~s uf At.l,ak)jsis 29to ah
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The Domai~s uf At.l,ak)jsis 33terms
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Chapter ThreeNietzsche5 inversion o
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creasingly successful investigative
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processes, What emerges or comes to
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squeamishness. When North Americans
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eing wltkoitt constants." It discar
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y the communal memory of written an
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culties in what they challenge and
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Xt may be that the foregoing is too
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only expect acceptance or dismissal
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11. Foucault 1971:78,12. Foucaulr 1
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Chapter FourMaking SubDiscipiirte a
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Making Subjects 5.5considers the ex
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Making Subjects 57penal thkking and
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Making SubjectsS9l'he BookUnlike ""
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Making Subjects 6 1able to watchers
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Making Subjects 63as a force separa
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Making Subjects 65jective was to tr
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Making Subjects 79act of domination
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Making Subjects 81his identity and
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Making Subjects 8362, Foucault 1980
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Chapter FiveThe ManuIn The Nisitory
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jective sexuality The book is an Ae
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ternallzed norms, individuals need
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Index 191Government, 76-77, 109Gree
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Indexand knowledge, 20-21,7Q, 77-78