Final Report - Center for Invasive Plant Management

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Seasonality of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae and glomalin in awestern Montana grasslandEmily R. Lutgenr, Deborah Muir-Clairmontz, Jon Graham3, Matthias C. RilligttMicrobial Ecolog; Program, Dilr.rlon of Biological S'ilelces., 7-he {hiversit-v- of A,{ontana,Missoula, MT 59812, {/SA:tSalish Kootenai College, I).O. Rox 117, Pablo,lvtT' 59555, USA:sDepartment af lu{athematicctl Sciences, 7-he (hir'{rsity af Montana, Missoula, MT 598}2, {iS.,ll0Kelnvords', root solonization, soil moisture, AMF hyphal products, root lengthAbstractt5In order to more fully understand the basic biology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), andtheir role in natural ecosystems, it is necessary to document seasonal changes of various aspectsof the life history of these fungi. Due to their unique position at the root-soil interface, AMFhave been described as "keystone mutualists" in ecosystems. Despite the importance of AMF inecosystems, few studies exist that examine the seasonality of external hyphae and their exudedz0products (e.g. glomalin), the AMF parameters directly related to ecosystem function throughtheir contributions to soil aggregation. This study examined seasonal dynamics of several soilparameters, with a specific interest in the seasonality of external hyphae and glomalin" aglycoprotein produced by AMF fungi (which is correlated with soil aggregate stability). Here
we measured glomalin concentrations and external AMF and non-AMF hyphal length. as well assoil moisture, percent fungal colonization (AMF and non-AMF), and root length in soil in anintermountain grassland in western Montana over one growing season (13 time points). Of theglomalin pools and hyphal lenghs measured, significant seasonal changes occurred for totalglomalin (TG;2a.5% change), immunoreactive easily extractable glomalin (IREEG; 53.8%change), and AM hyphal length (10790 change). Prior studies on glomalin in natural systemshave not considered seasonal effects on the measured glomalin. The seasonality of glomalinvalues observed in this study highlights the importance of implementing a sampling regime thatwill capture this seasonal variation. These results also provide valuable information for thel0development of future studies in this type of natural ecosystem.IntroductionAMF are obligately biotrophic fungi that are closely associated with both host plants and the soil15environment, functioning as a quasi-extension of the root system, and having numerous effectson plant physiology and plant communities (e.9. Allen 1991, Smith and Read 1997, van derHeijden et al 1998). AMF play an integral role in the translocation of carbon to soil, havingdirect access to root carbon (Smith and Read 1997). due to their unique position at the root-soilinterface, AMF have been described as "keystone mutualists" in ecosystems (O'Neill et al.2A1991).In order to more fully comprehend the role of AMF in natural ecosystems, as well as theirbasic biology, it is important to document seasonal changes of various aspects of the life historyof these fungi. While numerous studies have examined seasonality of AMF spore production
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Final Report - Center for Invasive Plant Management

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