Mushroom_Look_alikes_on_Cape_Cod_-Hannah_Nadel.pdf 2.4 MB

Edible <strong>Mushroom</strong>s and theirPoisonous (or Inedible) <strong>Look</strong>-<strong>alikes</strong>-- Cape Cod Area --Hannah NadelPresented to the Cape Cod <strong>Mushroom</strong> ClubAugust 14, 2013

Cont’d• Alcohol inky.................• Meadow <strong>Mushroom</strong> &relatives.........................• Honey <strong>Mushroom</strong>.........• Puffballs.........................• Chicken of the Woods....• Alcohol inky + booze• Iodine-scented Agaricusspecies, Poison Pie• Poison Pie, DeadlyGalerina• Earthballs, Amanita eggs• When on conifersPlus Miscellaneous cautionary notes

Note on photo credits:• Unless otherwise noted, credited photos are fromWikimedia Commons (free use).• No credits: my photos.Note on abbreviations:• SP = Spore print color• Species abundance in New England:• C = Common• FC = Fairly common• O = Occasional• Name or notes in yellow: warning.• Note in pink: edible species.

King Boletus, Cep, PorciniBoletus edulisSP olive-brownCHOICE EDIBLEFCGrows in woods, especially conifers.Photo: DezidorPhoto: User:Strobilomyces

White reticulation(netting) at least atthe top of the stalk.

Bitter-tasting boletesBitter boleteTylopilus felleusPores pinkish in ageOrnate-stalked BoletusB. ornatipes, sometimesbitterStalk, pores stain orangePhoto: bernd gliwaMycoweb.com

Two poisonous boletes: Gastrointestinal upsetBoth have red parts; all parts stain bright blue when cut or bruised1. Boletus sensibilisSP olive-brown.B. sensibilis (button)Photo: Kira (Kiradee) at<strong>Mushroom</strong> ObserverGrows underhardwoods.Photo: Hugh Urban atwww.morelmushroomhunting.comO to FC

2. Red-mouth BoleteBoletus subvelutipesSP dark olive-brown.Photo: the3foragersFCRed pores when young.Grows underhardwoods, esp. oaks.Photos: Dave W.

Golden Chanterelle(Cantharellus cibarius)CHOICE EDIBLEGrows onground inwoods.SP pinkishcream to palebuff.FCGill-likeridges, blunt.Odor mild tofragrant,apricot.Photo: Игорь Лебединский

False chanterelleHygrophoropsis aurantiacaSP white.Jack-o-LanternOmphalotus oleariusSP whitish cream.True gillsFCPhoto: W.J.PilsakGrows on conifer debris.Reported hallucinations possiblydue to confusion withGymnopilus spp.; flavor blah.FCPhoto: Antonio AbbatielloGrows on hardwood trees, stumps.Stong gastrointestinal upset.

Several red brittle caps of unknown edibility or... worseBrighter red capTaste acrid, bitter, or blandUnidentified Russula& other variations on the theme ofred-capped russulasEmetic RussulaRussula emeticaSP creamy, pale yellow.Stalk white.Taste ACRID.Causes vomiting.R. pseudolepidaSP yellow-creamuncommonR. rubescensSP ochreuncommonJust avoid the red ones...

Short-stalked White RussulaRussula brevipes EdibleSP white to pale cream.Taste not distinctive.Grows under hardwoods/conifers.Photo: Joseph O'Brien, USDA ForestService, Bugwood.orgCFunnel-shaped, large,white brittle capsBad-tasting:1) R. brevipes has an acridtastingvariety!Bluish-green tinted gills & stalkapex.2) Russula vesicatoria3) Russula piperatus& OthersSP dark creamTaste acrid, bitter.

Lobster <strong>Mushroom</strong>Hypomyces lactifluorum parasitizingbrittle caps or milk caps (the “host”)CHOICE EDIBLECaution:• Know the host mushroom.• Check unparasitized specimensin the vicinity to confirm host.• May grow on a mildly upsettingmilk cap or on Emetic Russula?Usually masks acrid flavor of host.Photo: Joe Mabel

Gypsy <strong>Mushroom</strong>Cortinarius (Rozites)caperatusGrows on groundSP rusty brownRing is membranous1) Yellow Gymnopilus- PsychoactiveGymnopilus luteusGrows on tree stumps, logsSP yellow-orangeRing is webbyGood ediblePhoto: StrobilomycesCPhoto: Dan Moltor

2) Laughing Gym (Jim)Gymnopilus junonius(spectabilis)Psychoactive(psilocybin)SP rusty brown.Ring is webby.GypsyGrows on tree stumps, logs.Both Gymnopilus may appearto grow on the ground if onburied wood.Photo: Tony Wills

Pine mushroom, American MatsutakeTricholoma magnivelareGrows on ground, conifers/hardwoodsCHOICE EDIBLESP white.Odor “dirty gymsocks”, sweet-spicy,fruity.Thick white cottonyveil/ring.Gills attached tonotched.FCPhoto: Ryane Snow at<strong>Mushroom</strong> Observer

White Amanitas, likeDestroying AngelAmanita virosaDeadly! Amanitin toxinkills liver cells.Under oaks.SP white.Odor not distinctive.95% ofmushroomfatalities in USare due to whiteamanitas!Volvapresent.Pine mushroomGills free of stem or very finelyattached.Veil not cottony, higher on stalk,often disappears.

EdibleTree volvariellaVolvariella bombycinaSP pinkish.Free gills, no ring.Volva.Grows on live or deadhardwood trees, logs.OPinkish gills, spores, andlack of ring separateVolvariella from Amanita.Photo: Hagen Graebner

Blewit EdibleClitocybe nudaSP pinkish tanGills notched to sinuate.Viscid Violet CortCortinarius iodesCAUTION: May be poisonous(long-term consumption?)SP rusty brown.Gills attached, lilac/violet whenyoung.FCGrows on ground in woods,meadows, lawns, plant residues.FCGrows on ground underhardwoods.

Honey <strong>Mushroom</strong>Armillaria meleaSP pale cream.Edible when thoroughly cooked.Gills attached tosubdecurrent.CGrows in clusters at baseof trees or stumps.Photo: Stu PhillipsPhoto: at Mykoweb

Deadly GalerinaGalerina marginata (autumnalis)Deadly! Amanita toxins. Causes liverand kidney damage.SP rusty brown.Grows on decayingwood.Gills attached tosubdecurrent.Cap small (to 2.5”).Stalk with ring.Photo: LebracFC

Poison PieHebeloma crustuliniformeCauses gastrointentinaldistress.SP yellow-brown, brown.Gills notched.Photo: rain at <strong>Mushroom</strong>OberverGrows on ground inwoods.FCPhoto: www.stridval.seGills edged withwhite; finely notched;with brown dropletswhen fresh.

Several Agaricus speciesGood ediblesCauthion: GI upsetfrom Agaricusspecies that smelllike phenol (ink,iodine, medicinal,unpleasant)Meadow <strong>Mushroom</strong>A. campestrisHorse <strong>Mushroom</strong>A. arvensisPhoto: Nathan WilsonAgaricus placomyces

Sulphur Shelf, Chicken <strong>Mushroom</strong>Laetiporus sulphureusAnnual. Grows on dead trees, logs.Pores yellow.CHOICEEDIBLE Caution: maycause GI upsetwhen growson coniferwood.FC

PuffballsLycoperdonCalvatiaGood Edibles when youngCFCPear-shaped puffballLycoperdon pyriformeand other species.When older -- soft like amarshmallow or no longer whiteinside -- taste and texture are nolonger desireable.Giant Puffball, Calvatia gigantea, and other species.

EarthballsScleroderma- Poisonous.Spore mass grayish,turning black or purpleblack.Root-like structures.Amanita “egg”Deadly, if deadlyspecies!Outline of mushroomvisible when cut.

Alcohol InkyCoprinus atramentariusSP black.Gills free, crowded.Edible but avoid alcoholwithin 48 hours!Alcohol consumption causesflushing; swelling andnumbness of hands and feet;rapid heartbeat; vomiting.VCGrows inclusters ongrass, woodchips, treebases.

Photo: Matthias RennerMan-on-HorsebackTricholoma equestre (wasflavovirens)SP white.Gills notched.On ground inconifers/mixed woodsTraditionally a choiceedible, now with caution!

Quiz: What is this edible mushroom growing on wood chips?SP Purple-brownPhoto: Ann F. BergerFCAnswer on next slide

(Answer to quiz on previous slide:Wine-Cap StrophariaStropharia rugosoannulata)The End