Addition and Subtraction Addition and Subtraction - WordPress.com

GTeacher Student BookSERIESAddition and SubtractionName _____________________________________

Series G – Addition and SubtractionContentsTopic Section 1 – 1 Mental – Answers strategies (pp. 1–28) (pp. 1–10)• jump mental strategy strategies review _ ____________________________________ 1• applying jump strategy strategies with _ decimals __________________________________ 11• written split strategy methods_ review ____________________________________ 20• split strategy with decimals_______________________________////////• compensation strategy review_ ___________________________Section 2 – Assessment with answers (pp. 29–36)compensation strategy with decimals ______________________• mental strategies – addition ____________________________ 29bump strategy ________________________________________• mental strategies – subtraction _ ________________________ 31Date completed/ // // /Topic 2 – Applying strategies (pp. 11–19)Section 3 – Outcomes (p. 37)• applying strategies___________________________________ 33• written methods _____________________________________ 35• addition _____________________________________________• subtraction ___________________________________________• choosing when to add or subtract _________________________• addition and subtraction _ _______________________________• first to 1 000 – apply ____________________________________• 31 – apply ____________________________________________• connect 3 – apply ______________________________________• totally challenging – solve _______________________________/ // // // // // // // /Topic 3 – Written methods (pp. 20–28)• addition _____________________________________________• subtraction ___________________________________________• adding and subtracting decimals __________________________• adding and subtracting __________________________________Series Authors:RachelSeries Authors: • you can bank on it! – solve _______________________________FlenleyNicola Rachel Herringer Flenley • by jingo – it’s bingo! – apply ______________________________Nicola Herringer/ // // // // // /Copyright ©

Mental strategies – jump strategy reviewWhen we add we can use the jump strategy to help us. Look at how we do this with 178 + 33.1 First we jump up by the tens.2 Then we jump up by the units.+ 10 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1178 188198 208 211178 + 33 = 2111Demonstrate the jump strategy by showing how to add a 3 digit number and a 2 digit number.Answers will vary........... + .......... = ..........2Demonstrate the jump strategy by showing how to subtract a 2 digit number from a 3 digit number:Answers will vary........... – .......... = ..........3Now model how to use the jump strategy with these:a 225 – 47Start-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1-10-10-10-10178185195205215225............... 225 – ............... 47 = ............... 178b 521 + 52+10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +1+1521531 541 551 561 571 573............... 521 + ............... 52 = ............... 573Addition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P LearningG 1SERIESTOPIC1

Mental strategies – jump strategy with decimalsThe jump strategy is also useful when adding decimals. Look at how we do this with 38.6 + 2.6:1 First we jump up by the whole numbers.2 Then we jump up by the tenths.+1 +1 +0.638.639.6 40.6 41.238.6 + 2.6 = 41.21Use the jump strategy to add the decimals:a 35.4 + 3.1............. 35.4 + ............. 3.1 = ............. 38.5+135.4 36.4+1 +1 +0.137.438.4 38.5b 84.3 + 1.8............. 84.3 + ............. 1.8 = ............. 86.184.3+185.3+0.886.1c 17.6 + 1.9............. 17.6 + ............. 1.9 = ............. 19.517.6+118.6+0.919.52 Use the jump strategy to answer the following:a You win a spitball competition, beating your nearest competitor, ‘Spitball Steve’ by 1.6 m.Your mother would be so proud. If Spitball Steve spat 4.4 m, how far did you shoot?6 m+1 m+0.6 m4.4 m5.4 m6 mb After weeks of practice Spitball Steve perfects his technique and beats your previouswinning shot by 1.1 m. How far does he spit?7.1 m+1 m+0.1 m6 m7.1 m2G 1SERIESTOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Mental strategies – jump strategy with decimalsWe can also subtract decimals using the jump strategy.Look at how we do this with 52 – 2.61 First we jump back by the whole numbers.2 Then we jump back by the tenths.Remember that2.6 is made upof 2 and 0.6You need tosubtract bothparts.– 0.6 – 1 – 149.4 50523Use the jump strategy to subtract these decimals. Break up the second number in your head:a 36 – 3.3.............36– .............3.3= .............32.7– 0.3–1–1–132.733343536b 51 – 2.9.............51– .............2.9= .............48.1– 0.9–1–148.1495051c 68 – 3.9............. 68 – ............. 3.9 = ............. 64.1– 0.9–1–1–164.1656667684 Work out what the missing number is on each set of balanced scales. I use subtraction to findUse the jump strategy.the missing numbers.36 – 8.3 = ?36 8.3 27.7 59 47.2 11.8Addition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P LearningG 1SERIESTOPIC3

Mental strategies – split strategy reviewFollow these steps when using the split strategy for addition or subtraction:1 Split the second number into its different place values.2 Add or subtract each part in turn.347 + 178 347 + 100 = 447447 + 70 = 517517 + 8 = 525347 + 178 = 525Remember that178 is 100 + 70 + 81Solve these problems using the split strategy:a 478 + 169 = 647b 507 + 216 = 723c 345 + 236 =581478 + 100 = 578578 + 60 = 638638 + 9 = 647507 + 200 = 707707 + 10 = 717717 + 6 = 723345 + 200 = 545545 + 30 = 575575 + 6 = 5812Solve these problems using the split strategy:a 421 – 153 = 268b 632 – 138 = 494c 954 – 621 =333421– 100 = 321321– 50 = 271271– 3 = 268632– 100 = 532532– 30 = 502502– 8 = 494954– 600 = 354354– 20 = 334334– 1 = 3333 Add or subtract around each orbit. Write your answers on each planet. Start at the shaded circle andfollow the direction of the arrows!340+ 70– 110+ 270+ 140300– 70410 370300– 450820+ 190150+ 60– 48057044090 570+ 130– 90480+ 3404G 1SERIESTOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Mental strategies – split strategy with decimalsSometimes it is easier to split both numbers. Look at how we do this with 21.2 + 3.81 We split the numbers into whole numbers and decimals.2 We then rearrange the problem, adding the whole numbers and decimals separately.3 We add the 2 answers.+21 . 2 + 3 . 8 = (21 + 3) + (0.2 + 0.8)+= 24 + 1= 251When adding decimals, it is handy if you are able to quickly identify pairs that add together to givea whole number. In each grid below, look for 4 pairs that add to give a whole number and colour inthe squares. Pairs are next to each other vertically, horizontally or diagonally.a b c1.7 1.5 3.8 3.11.4 0.3 0.7 0.91.6 1.1 2.3 1.51.3 1.2 3.2 3.66.3 6.4 5.1 5.56.2 6.6 5.6 2.52.4 2.6 1.2 3.21.5 1.7 3.5 1.51.6 1.2 1.8 1.11.2 1.4 1.5 2.71.7 2.5 2.9 3.32.1 1.8 3.2 3.52Solve these problems using the split strategy. Make notes as you go:a 32.3 + 2.3 = 34.6 b 21.7 + 3.8 = 25.5 c 46.2 + 7.1 = 53.334.2 cmFind the perimeter of each shape. Shapes are not drawn to scale. Use the split strategy to help you:a b c1.9 cm4.2 cm1.9 cm0.7 cm4.2 cm 1.5 cm1.9 cm0.7 cm1.5 cm0.7 cm3.3 cm1.5 cm2.8 cm2.8 cm 2.8 cm3.3 cm3.3 cmP: 12.2 cm P: 16.8 cm P: 13.2 cmAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P LearningG 1SERIESTOPIC5

Mental strategies – split strategy with decimalsWe can use the same process to subtract decimals:1 We split the numbers into whole numbers and decimals.2 We then rearrange the problem, subtracting the whole numbers and decimals separately.3 We add the 2 answers.–31 . 4 – 2 . 3 = (31 – 2) + (0.4 – 0.3)–= 29 + 0.1= 29.14 Solve these problems using the split strategy. Make notes as you go:a 46.8 – 9.3 = 37.5 b 55.8 – 4.2 = 51.6 c 33.2 + 13.1 = 46.35Use the split strategy to solve these money problems:Table tennis $28.60 Baseball $42.15 Boxing $135.95a The table tennis set costs $34.90 at the store down the road. If Gillian buys it here it for $28.60,how much does she save?$6.30b Sanjeev saved $55.50 to buy the baseball kit. How much of his savings remain after buying the kit?$13.35c If she had a voucher for a $8.75 discount, how much did Katya pay for the boxing gloves?$127.206G 1SERIESTOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Mental strategies – compensation strategy reviewSometimes we round one number in the problem to make it easier to use in our heads. Then weadjust our answer to compensate:235 + 68 = 303 325 + 41 = 366We rounded up by 2, We rounded down by 1,235 + 70 – 2 325 + 40 + 1which means we added 2which means we subtracted305 – 2 = 303 too many so we subtract 2. 365 + 1 = 366 1 too few, so we add 1 back.1Use the steps of the compensation strategy to complete these additions.a 424 + 68 = 492b 234 + 18 =252424 + 70 – 2234 + 20– 2_______ 494 – 2 = _____________ 492_______ 254 – 2 = _____________ 252c 564 + 132 = 696d 214 + 141 =355564 + 130 + 2214 + 140+ 1_______ 694 + 2 = _____________ 696_______ 354 + 1 = _____________ 355Sometimes we round one number in the problem to make it easier to use in our heads. Then weadjust our answer to compensate:270 – 59 = 211 350 + 73 = 423We rounded up by 1 which We rounded down by 3270 – 60 + 1 350 + 70 + 3means we subtracted 1 extra,which means we need210 + 1 = 211 so we need to pay it back. 420 + 3 = 423 to add 3 more.2Use the steps of the compensation strategy to complete these subtractions.a 725 – 39 = 686b 373 – 49 =324725 – 40 + 1373 – 50+ 1_______ 685 + 1 = _____________ 686_______ 323 + 1 = _____________ 324c 285 – 198 = 87d 455 – 43 =412285 – 200 + 2455 – 40– 3_______ 85 + 2 = _____________ 87_______ 415 – 3 = _____________ 412Addition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P LearningG 1SERIESTOPIC7

Mental strategies – compensation strategy with decimalsFollow these steps for the compensation strategy when adding decimals:1 Round the number closest to a whole number.2 Compensate for rounding:31.4 + 5.8 31.4 + 6 I rounded up by 0.2, 51.4 + 8.3 51.4 + 8 I rounded down by 0.3,= 37.4 – 0.2 which means I = 59.4 + 0.3 which means I did not= 37.2 added extra so I = 59.7 add enough so I needneed to subtract 0.2 to add 0.31 Use the steps of the compensation strategy to complete these decimal additions:a 9.5 + 2.8 = 12.3 b 6.4 + 3.1 = 9.59.5 + 3 – 0.26.4 + 3+ 0.1_______ 12.5 – 0.2 = _____________ 12.3 _______ 9.4 + 0.1 = _____________ 9.5c 8.3 + 1.8 = 10.1d 2.4 + 0.9 =3.38.3 + 2 – 0.22.4 + 1– 0.1_______ 10.3 – 0.2 = _____________ 10.1_______ 3.4 – 0.1 = _____________ 3.3Follow these steps for the compensation strategy when subtracting decimals:1 Round the number closest to the whole number.2 Compensate for rounding:52.5 – 3.9 52.5 – 4 We rounded up by 0.1, 65.4 – 8.3 65.4 – 8 We rounded down by 0.3,= 48.5 + 0.1 which means we = 57.4 – 0.3 which means we did not= 48.6 subtracted extra so = 57.1 subtract enough sowe need to add 0.1 we need subtract 0.32 Use the steps of the compensation strategy to complete these decimal subtractions:a 5.3 – 3.8 = 1.5b 7.2 – 2.9 =4.35.3 – 4 + 0.27.2 – 3+ 0.1_______ 1.3 + 0.2 = _____________ 1.5_______ 4.2 + 0.1 = _____________ 4.3c 68.3 – 1.8 = 66.5d 32.5 – 9.8 =22.768.3 – 2 + 0.232.5 – 10 + 0.2_______ 66.3 + 0.2 = _____________ 66.5_______ 22.5 + 0.2 = _____________ 22.78G 1SERIESTOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Mental strategies – bump strategy1 Bump the number closest to a multipleof ten. This makes the problem easierto do in our heads.2 Adjust the other number so thedifference between the 2 numbersstays the same. This keeps theproblem the same.3 Solve this easier problem. This then givesus the answer to our original problem.89 + 24+1 –190 + 23 = 113The bumpstrategy is whenthe numberclosest to tengets impatient tostart the additionprocess. Theother numbermust adjust tocompensate.1Let’s practise identifying the number you should bump. Put a ring around the number closest to amultiple of ten.a 69, 35 b 34, 89 c 63, 29 d 85, 27 e 17, 35 f 14, 992Use the bump strategy for these additions, bumping the first number each time. Write the rearrangedsum underneath. The first one has been done for you.a 79 + 15b 88 + 26c 32 + 56d 83 + 12e 61 + 24+1 –1+2 –2– 2+2– 3+3– 1+180 + 14 = 9490 + 24 = 11430 + 58 = 88 80 + 15 = 95 60 + 25 = 85f 226 + 52g 142 + 13h 304 + 38i 421 + 65j 275 + 32+4 –4–2 +2– 4+4– 1+1+5– 5230 + 48 = 278140 + 15 = 155 300 + 42 = 342 420 + 66 = 486 280 + 27 = 3073Read the top of this page again to remember how best to think of the bump strategy. Pretend thenumbers in the sums below are people. What would they say to each other? Look at the first example,then write your own for the next sum. You need to think carefully because the second sum is different.Can you see why?Hurry, giveme 1 so I canround up!She istoo bossy.Pleasetake one49 + 25 of mine! 51 + 43I supposeI willhave to.Addition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P LearningG 1SERIESTOPIC9

Mental strategies – bump strategy1 With subtraction, we need to bumpthe second number to a multiple often. This makes the problem easierto do in our heads.2 Do the same to the other numberso the difference between the2 numbers stays the same.3 Solve this easier problem. Thisthen gives us the answer to ouroriginal problem.65 – 22–2 –263 – 20 = 43The bumpstrategy is whenthe numberclosest to tengets impatientto start thesubtractionprocess. Theother numbermust adjust tocompensate.4Use the bump strategy for these subtractions:a 46 − 19b 85 − 33c 64 − 21d 56 − 42e 94 − 58+1+1– 3– 3– 1– 1– 2– 2+2+247– 20 = 2782– 30 = 5263– 20 = 4354– 40 = 1496– 60 = 36f 595 − 11g 244 − 39h 606 − 27i 315 − 43j 496 − 52– 1– 1+1+1+3+3– 3– 3– 2– 2594– 10 = 584245– 40 = 205609– 30 = 579312– 40 = 272494– 50 = 4445 Solve these problems using the bump strategy. Show your working out:a Bob weighs 86 kg. Tiffany weighs 52 kg. Howmuch more does Bob weigh than Tiffany?b Megan saved $194 in 1 year. Her sister Jedasaved $143. How much more did Megan save?34 kgs$51c Janae collected toy pigs and by the end ofYear 5 had an impressive 498. By the end ofYear 6 she had 878. How many did sheaccumulate over the year?d You are bored one rainy afternoon andchallenge your brother to a mint eatingcompetition. He eclipsed you, consuming 147to your 72. How many more did he eat?380 pigs75 mints10G 1SERIESTOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Applying strategies – additionIn the previous topic we practised addition using specific mental strategies. In real life, we canchoose the mental strategy that suits us. We may have one preferred strategy or we may choosea different one depending on the numbers involved in the problem. There is no one right way tosolve a problem.1Show 2 different ways of solving this problem. You may use the strategies covered in the previous topicor explain strategies of your own:249 + 142249 + 142 = 3912Use a mental strategy of your choice to complete these magic squares. Each row and column addsto give the number at the top.25033096 8767 183 89583271 14745 175 11012292 3610266 1623Complete these equations so that each answer is between 351 and 400. You may not use zeros in any part ofthe sum:Possible answers:a ________ 159 + ________ 235 = ________ 394b ________ 158 + ________ 241 = ________ 399c ________ 1145 – ________ 759 = ________ 386d ________ 1113 – ________ 748 = ________ 365Addition and Subtraction G 2Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC11

Applying strategies – addition4It is important to eat healthy foods that are low in fat and sugar. This table shows the nutritionalinformation of some common foods:Bowl ofcoco flakesBowl ofwheat puffsMeat pieSaladsandwich Cola drink Fruit juice MilkshakeTotal fat 1.2 g 0.7 g 33.8 g 9.3 g 0 g 0 g 12 gSugars 28.3 g 1.6 g 12.3 g 5.4 g 30 g 4.9 g 61 ga How healthy are the children listed in the table below? Calculate the total amount of fat and sugarconsumed by each child for breakfast and recess:Breakfast Lunch Total fat Total sugarSamBowl ofcoco flakesMeat pie andcola drink1.2 g + 33.8 g= 35 g28.3 g + 12.3 g + 30 g= 70.6 gNateBowl ofwheat puffsMeat pie anda milkshake0.7 g + 33.8 g + 12 g= 46.5 g1.6 g + 12.3 g + 61 g= 74.9 gWilBowl ofcoco flakesSalad sandwichand cola drink1.2 g + 9.3 g + 0 g= 10.5 g28.3 g + 5.4 g + 30 g= 63.7 gTreyBowl ofwheat puffsSalad sandwichand fruit juice0.7 g + 9.3 g + 0 g= 10 g1.6 g + 5.4 g + 4.9 g= 11.9 gb Draw a smiley face next to the healthiest child.5 Now it’s your turn to look at your breakfast choices. Use the packaging or a calorie counter to find thesugar and fats content of your daily breakfasts. Track your breakfasts over a week:Day Breakfast Total fat Total sugarHow would you rateyour breakfast choices?Answers will vary.12GSERIES2TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Applying strategies – subtractionIn the previous topic we practised using specific mental subtraction strategies.As with addition, we can choose the mental strategy that suits us. We may have one preferredstrategy or we may choose a different one depending on the numbers involved in the problem.There is no one right way to solve a problem.1 Choose a mental strategy and solve these problems. Enter your answers into the crossnumber puzzle:AcrossDown1 188 − 35 = 153 2 94 − 37 =571 2 31 5 34 90 − 17 = 73 3 48 − 15 =334736 53 − 15 = 38 5 72 − 24 =485 64387 63 − 49 = 14 6 88 − 56 =328 271 42 Show 2 different ways of solving this problem. You may use the strategies covered in the previous topicor explain strategies of your own:503 – 251Answer: 2523 Solve these subtraction problems using a mental strategy:a Nariah has $436 saved. She buys a new MP3 player costing $127. How much money does she have leftafter the purchase?$309b Unfortunately Nariah loses her 4th school jumper for the year. Her mum refuses to pay for another andNariah has to cover the cost of $52 herself. How much of her savings does she now have left?$257Addition and Subtraction G 2Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC13

Applying strategies – subtraction4 Practise your subtraction of decimals with these wheels:0.6 0.10.2 0.4 0.90.30.8 0.71 0.75 0.250.3 0.70.10.750.90.250.5 0.20.60.50.80.41.5 1.40.1 0.5 0.61.61.9 0.40.90.51.11.50.71.32 0.55 1.451.30.71.251.20.750.81.7 0.80.2 1.3 2.20.71.452.81.552.32.9 0.13 2.10.350.92.651.9 1.62.51.11.40.55 Solve these money problems using a strategy of choice:a You have $98.00. The total of the groceries is $67.00. How much change willyou get after you pay for your groceries?$31b How much will you save if you buy an item on sale that was $76.95 and is now $68.99?$7.96c Hugo’s total grocery bill before subtracting his coupons was $77.84. If he had $5.87 in coupons,what was his final bill?$71.97d Your mum gives you $10.00 to go to the bakery to buy morning tea. You buy3 items at the bakery for a total cost of $8.25. You have a discount voucherworth $1.05. How much change will you get back?$2.8014GSERIES2TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Applying strategies – choosing when to add or subtractSometimes we come across problems that require us to both add and subtract or to make a choicebetween which one to use. Understanding key language terms can help with this decision.1 Below are some terms you come across in addition and subtraction word problems. Colour any termsthat ask you to add in red. Colour any terms that ask you to subtract in green.GFind the difference between …RWhat is the total?GminusGWho has less?RHow many altogether?GWho has more?GFind the difference between …GHow many more … than …?R… plus …2Stef and Marly’s parents give each of them $10 pocket money each week. They must use some of it tobuy their lunch from the school canteen every Friday.a If they both save the pocket money left over from buying Friday lunches, who will have saved the mostby the end of 4 weeks? Use this canteen price list and the tables below. Decide when you need to addand when you need to subtract.School Canteen Price ListHam and salad sandwich $3.40 Hot chicken roll $3.60Ham, cheese and tomato sandwich $3.50 Sausage roll $2.20Toasted cheese sandwich $3.20 Meat pie $2.80Toasted ham, cheese and tomato sandwich $3.60 Tomato sauce $0.30Week 1 2 3 4 TotalStef’s Hot chicken roll Meat pie with Two toasted cheese Sausage roll withlunchestomato sauce sandwichestomato sauceSaved$6.40$6.90$3.60$7.50$24.40Marly’slunchesSausage roll withtomato sauceToasted cheesesandwichToasted ham, cheeseand tomato sandwichTwo ham andsalad sandwichesSaved$7.50$6.80$6.40$3.20$23.90b Who saved the most money?Stefc What was the difference?$0.50Addition and Subtraction G 2Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC15

Applying strategies – addition and subtraction1In this activity, you will follow the steps to solve this riddle:Step 1: Solve these problems using a mental strategy:579 + 35 = 614 462 + 10 = 472 247 + 30 = 277 686 + 40 = 726 116 + 20 = 136 * Step 2: Solve these problems using a mental strategy:500 – 28 = 472 320 – 43 = 277 900 – 174 = 726 500 – 364 = 136 700 – 86 = 614E R D S AStep 3: Match the letters and symbols that have the same answer from Step 1 and 2. Write the letters in thegrid below to solve the riddle: * A D D R E S SWhat item of clothing does a house wear?_____________________________________________________Address2 Fill in the missing numbers on these pyramids. The numbers below must add to the number directly above:a130b500Answers for b will vary.5575 20030012575 175Inverse operations willhelp you solve these!c4702751951551207580 75453016GSERIES2TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

First to 1 000applyGettingreadyThis is a game for 2 players.You will need a deck of cards with just the numbers (remove the Queen, King, Jack,Ace and Joker). You will also need a pencil and paper to keep score.Whatto doPlayer 1 picks 2 cards from the deck and uses them to make a 2 digit number. Youcan use the 2 cards in any order. For example, if you pick a 5 and a 6 you could make56 or 65.When the cards are the same colour, the 2 digit number is added to the player’sscore. When the cards are different colours, the number is subtracted.Start the game with 100 points each. The first player to 1 000 wins.31 applyGettingreadyThis is a game for 4 players. You will need a deck of cards withthe jokers removed, as well as a pencil and paper to keep score.Choose a dealer who deals 3 cards to each player. The rest ofthe cards go in a pile in the centre.Whatto doThe aim of 31 is to collect 3 cards of the same suit that add up as close as possible to 31.Cards from 2 to 9 are face value so if a card has 2 on it, it is worth 2. Aces are worth11 and picture cards are worth 10.Players take turns to take a card from the pile and to discard any one of their cardsby placing it face down next to the centre pile.When a player thinks they have made a total of 31, they show their cards to theother players. The other players have one more turn to try and beat that total (getcloser to 31).The winning player scores 1 point if it is the closest to 31 in the group.If the winning player has exactly 31, they score 2 points. The first player to 10 points wins.Addition and Subtraction G 2Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC17

Connect 3applyGettingreadyThis is a game for 2 players. You will need 2 dice, 3 countersfor each player in different colours and this game board.Whatto doThe aim of this game is to be the first player to haveall 3 counters in a line either going horizontally,vertically or diagonally.Roll the dice and create a number sentence using either + or –.Decide whether you want to add or subtract. It all depends on which answer youwant. Which number do you want to place a counter on?For example: Player 1 rolls a 4 and a 6.Player 1 may either say “4 + 6 = 10” or “6 – 4 = 2” or “4 – 6 = –2”.Player 1 then places a counter on the answer to the sum that they made.Player 2 rolls the dice and creates a number sentence.Take turns until one player has all 3 counters in a line either going horizontally,vertically or diagonally.–5 –4 –3 –2–1 0 1 2 34 5 6 7 89 10 11 12What todo nextOnce you have played this game a few times, try to get more strategic when you areplaying. If you are strategic it means that you are thinking ahead.Which numbers should you be aiming for? Why?Which numbers are the easiest and the hardest to get? How does knowing this helpyou to win?18GSERIES2TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Totally challengingsolveGettingreadyComplete this challenge with a partner or on your own.Make a copy of this page and cut out the cards.copy1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 1516 17 18 19 20Whatto doArrange the cards into six piles.The challenge is to make each pile add to the same total.Use trial and error to work out what the total is.Show what you discover in the space below:Numbers add up to 210210 ÷ 6 = 35Addition and Subtraction G 2Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC19

Written methods – additionTh H T U11214 8+ 4 5 71 7 0 5We can add using a written strategy.First we estimate what the answer will be: 1 248 + 457 = is around 1700.We start by adding the units: 8 + 7 = 15 units. We can rename this as1 ten and 5 units. We put the 5 units in the units column and carry the10 to the tens column.4 tens add 5 tens is 9 tens plus the carried 10 makes 10 tens. We renamethis as 1 hundred and 0 tens.We put the zero in the tens column and carry the 1 hundred.2 hundreds add 4 hundreds makes 6 hundreds plus the carried hundredmakes 7 hundreds. We put the 7 in the hundreds column.There is 1 thousand in the thousand column so we simply put the 1 inthe thousand column at the bottom.1Solve these addition problems. First estimate the answer:e: 750e: 940 e: 1 000 e: 6 4001 11 1 1 1a 6 9 7 b 8 4 4 c 5 3 2 d 6 1 9 2+ 5 6 + 9 3 + 4 9 8 + 3 3 07 5 3 9 3 7 1 0 3 0 6 5 2 2e: 11 400 e: 11 000 e: 75 000 e: 52 0001111e 6 6 4 0 f 9 9 7 1 g 6 3 3 0 0 h 4 5 5 2 9+ 4 8 3 4 + 1 0 2 9 + 1 2 9 9 0 + 6 7 5 31 1 4 7 4 1 1 0 0 0 7 6 2 9 0 5 2 2 8 211112Solve these problems using the written method:a Last month 1550 fans supported the localfootball tournament. This month there are 568more fans. How many fans supported the localtournament this month?b Over the past 18 months, Chan spent lots ofmoney on computer games. Last year, he spent$1928 and this year, he has already spent$1562. How much has he paid for computergames so far?2 118 $3 4903These problems have been solved already. Check that they have been completed correctly. If there areerrors, give some feedback as to where they went wrong:11 1a 1 2 7 b 3 3 0 1 c 4 8 0 0+ 2 2 5 + 3 3 0 9 + 1 2 8 53 5 1 6 6 1 0 6 1 8 53 5 2 6 0 8 520GSERIES3TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Written methods – addition5 5 6 2+ 3 3 81 09 08 0 05 0 0 05 9 0 0Another method is to add each place value separately and then addthese answers together.4Solve these addition problems using a written strategy of your choice.e: 4 700e: 3 600e:8 5001 1 11a 4 4 2 6 b 3 1 1 9 c 7 7 1 3+ 3 4 5 + 5 6 3 + 8 4 747713 6 8 2 8 5 6 0e: 10 000e: 8 000e:12 000111 1 1 1d 8 9 9 9 e 5 6 1 2 f 8 3 2 0+ 1 0 3 4 + 2 3 2 8 + 3 6 8 91 0 0 3 3 7 9 4 0 1 2 0 0 95Choose a written strategy and solve the following:a 6 009 people are at a football match and 648people are working at the ground. How manypeople are there altogether?b 1 382 people arrived at the pop concert by carand 4 553 arrived by train. How many peopleattended the concert?6 657 people 5 935 peopleAddition and Subtraction G 3Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC21

Written methods – subtractionTh H T U77814 2+ 6 1 5 11 6 9 1We can subtract using a written strategy.First we estimate what the answer will be: 7 842 – 6 151 = around 1 650.We start by subtracting the units: 2 – 1 = 1 unit. We put the unit in theunits column.We can’t do 4 tens subtract 5 tens so we need to rename one ofthe hundreds as a ten. We now have 14 tens which makes 140.14 tens – 5 tens = 9 tens. We put the 9 in the tens column.As we borrowed one hundred, we now have 7 hundreds left in thehundreds column. 7 hundreds subtract 1 hundred is 6 hundreds.We put 6 in the hundreds column.7 thousands – 6 thousands is 1 thousand. We put 1 in the thousand column.We then check the answer against our estimate. Are the answer andestimate similar?1Solve these subtraction problems. First estimate the answers:e: 500e: 800e: 3 800e:5 1005 1 1 8 1 3 11 8 101a 6 2 1 b 8 9 7 c 4 2 1 8 d 5 9 1 6– 8 2 – 8 9 – 3 7 5 – 7 2 85398 0 8 3 8 4 3 5 1 8 8e: 1 900e: 6 000e: 29 000e:87 0004 13 13 17 12 111 5 16 15e 5 4 1 1 f 8 4 8 0 g 3 2 1 6 3 h 9 8 7 6 2– 3 4 6 1 – 2 0 9 3 – 3 2 1 6 – 1 1 3 9 61 9 5 0 6 3 8 7 2 8 9 4 7 8 7 3 6 612The Mathletics writers have gone on strike until their demands for regular facials and overseas jauntsare met. You will have to design 4 of your own subtraction problems and then get a friend to answer them.The challenge is to make them interesting but not too hard.ae: e:b– –What do you need tothink about when writingsubtraction problems?ce: e:d– –Answerswill vary.22GSERIES3TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Written methods – subtraction3You are working hard to convinceyour parents that an overseas tripwould be a far better idea than theusual 2 week camping holiday withAuntie Mabel and Uncle Bob. Theyare open to the idea as there areonly so many campfire sing-alongsrun by Big Bob that they can take.Kumbayah, anyone?They have asked you to find theanswers to the following questions.Make sure you show your working out:Holiday Destinations7 days in Fiji......................$2825 per family9 days in New Zealand.....$1834 per family5 days in Bali....................$5793 per family7 days in England.............$7447 per family5 days in Hong Kong.........$4263 per familya How much cheaper is a week in Fiji than a weekin England?b How much more expensive is 5 days in Balithan 9 days in New Zealand?$4 622$3 959c How much would a family save if they decidedto go to Hong Kong for 5 days instead of Bali for5 days?d How much less would you spend if you went toNew Zealand instead of England?$1 530$5 6134Given the choice would you solve the problem 5000 − 1599 using a written strategy or a mental strategy?Explain why:Answers will vary.A mental strategy would be easier than trading the 0s.Addition and Subtraction G 3Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC23

Written methods – adding and subtracting decimalsWhen we add and subtract decimals we follow the same rules we usewhen working with whole numbers. We need to make sure we line upthe place values and the decimal points.34111216– 1 8 1 72 3 0 91Estimate and solve these addition problems. Remember to put the decimal point into your answers.e: 80e: 96 e: 120 e: 5011 1 11 1 11 1a 6 4 1 6 b 8 4 9 6 c 9 8 6 2 d 3 1 6 6+ 1 7 1 7 + 1 2 3 9 + 1 9 3 8 + 1 7 6 98 1 3 3 9 7 3 5 1 1 8 0 0 4 9 3 52Estimate and solve these subtraction problems. Remember to put the decimal point into your answers.e: 4e: 2e:13 1 8 1a 8 4 6 b 9 1 8 c 9 1 1– 4 2 7 – 7 3 6 – 8 0 201419182109e: 2e: 3e:1815d 9 8 8 e 6 6 9 f 8 1 1– 7 9 3 – 3 9 9 – 7 3 2171011952700793Abdul bought three magazines for $6.25, $3.25 and $4.95. How much did he spend altogether?$14.4524GSERIES3TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Written methods – adding and subtracting decimals4Calculate the totals of these bills:Café UnoMochaccino....................... $ 3 2 5Ham and cheese toastie.... $ 7 5 0Choc chip cookie............... $ 2 7 5$ 1 3 5 011Bill’s BurgersCoke.................................. $ 2 5 0Double cheese burger....... $Fries................................... $Ice cream........................... $733076050$ 1 6 8 51Sushi HeavenPete’s PizzaTeriyaki chicken................. $ 4 6 01 1 1 1Hawaiian pizza.................. $ 9 2 5Avocado and salmon......... $ 5 1 5Vegetarian pizza................ $ 8 7 5Cucumber and tuna.......... $ 4 2 5Margarita pizza.................. $ 8 5 0$1 4 0 0 $ 2 6 5 05Use the bills to find the answers to the following:a Which was cheaper, eating at Bill’s Burgers or Pete’s Pizza? By how much?Bill’s Burgers was cheaper by $9.65.b If you ate at Cafe Uno, Sushi Heaven and Pete’s Pizza all in 1 week, how much would you spend on eating out?$54.00c Which restaurant bill was the cheapest and which was the most expensive? What is the difference in price?Cafe Uno– cheapestPete’s Pizza– most expensive. It cost $13 more.Addition and Subtraction G 3Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC25

Written methods – adding and subtracting1Use addition, subtraction or a combination of both to solve theseword problems.a At the 2006 Census, Australia’s population consisted of 9 799 252 males and10 056 036 females. What was the total population? How many more femalesthan males were there?What words tell me I needto add? What words tellme I need to subtract?Total population 19 855 288256 784 more femalesb Archie, Molly and Matilda have a combined mass of 119 kg. If Archie weighs 45 kg and Molly weighs2.5 kg less than him, how much does Matilda weigh? Mum weighs 63 kg and Dad’s mass is Archie’s andMatilda’s combined. What is the mass of the whole family?Matilda weighs 31.5 kgMass of family is 258.5 kgc Mars is 206 670 000 km from the Sun and Earth is 147 100 000 km from the sun. What is the differencebetween these distances?59 570 000 kmd Harry used his old building blocks to build a staircase. He used 78 blocks on the bottom row. He thenused 13 less blocks every time in each row after that. How many blocks had he used by the time he hadbuilt 6 rows?273 blockse Keiran and Adam were given the same amount of money for their birthdays. When they went shoppingtogether, Keiran found a CD that he liked but it cost $18.75, which was more money than he had.Adam lent him his money as well. When he paid, Keiran received $13.25 in change which he gave back toAdam. How much money had they each received for their birthdays? How much does he still owe Adam?They each received $16He owes $2.7526GSERIES3TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

You can bank on it!solveGettingreadyUse Mrs Lilly Lee’s bank statement below to answerthe questions at the bottom of the page.Nest Egg Bankof AustraliaBank StatementMrs Lilly Lee Statement begins 30 October 20092/345 Waters Street Statement ends 15 November 2009Woolba NSW 2939 Account Number 06 234 268 389 0975Date Transaction Withdrawals Deposits Balance30 Oct 2009 Opening Balance 3 596.8401 Nov 2009 Salary/Pay 1 546.97 5 143.8105 Nov 2009 Eftpos Groceries MRF 123.98 5 019.8305 Nov 2009 Petrol 67.454 952.3806 Nov 2009 New Clothing 125.404 826.9808 Nov 2009 Council Rates 845.003 981.9810 Nov 2009 Deposit 345.784 327.7611 Nov 2009 Account Fee 5.004 322.7613 Nov 2009 Electricity Bill 674.653 648.1115 Nov 2009 Salary/Pay 1 546.975 195.08Opening Balance Total Debits Total Credits Closing Balance$3 596.84$1 841.48 $3 439.72 $5 195.08What todo nextUse a calculator to complete the following:a Fill in the total debits by adding all the withdrawals.b Fill in the total credits by adding the deposits.c Did Mrs Lee deposit or withdraw more money?What was the difference?_ __________________Deposit_ __________________$1 598.24d Complete the balance column by adding each deposit and subtracting eachwithdrawal. What was Mrs Lee’s closing balance?e Mrs Lee is paid twice a month. What is her monthly pay? _ __________________$3 093.94fHow much did Mrs Lee pay altogether for her councilrates and electricity bill?_ __________________$1 519.65Addition and Subtraction G 3Copyright © 3P LearningSERIES TOPIC27

By jingo – it’s bingo!applyGettingreadyYou can play this bingo game with a friend. You willneed to use a die to see if you are allowed to play.One player can have a turn only if they throwan odd number, the other only if they throwan even number.Whatto doThrow the die. If you are allowed to have a turn, nominate a number from Box Aand subtract a number from Box B. If this number is on your bingo card, cross it off.If not, it is the other player’s turn. You can use numbers more than once. The firstplayer with all the numbers on their card crossed out is the winner.Watch youropponent.Their answersmay help you!Box A200 300400 500600 700800 9001000 11001200 1300Box B799 532987 876346 1131222 1451032 751137 549Answerswill vary.Player 1455 554 168249 354 201578 324 163Player 2549 169 751268 149 401655 654 124Working out space28GSERIES3TOPICAddition and SubtractionCopyright © 3P Learning

Mental strategies – additionName_____________________1Complete these addition wheels.4558 6080 12175 +3427 901346233436 3876 14218 +2539 585283152Show how you would solve 26.7 + 4.4 using:Jump strategySplit strategyCompensation strategySkills Not yet Kind of Got it• Calculates basic addition facts• Demonstrates mental addition strategies for:Jump Split CompensationSeries G Topic 1 Assessment29Copyright © 3P Learning

Mental strategies – additionName_____________________1Complete these addition wheels.233 235255 58 6018780 12220 45209175 +3427 90134623202 265188221198254 256294 36 3823276 14252 34243218 +2539 58528315257 2762703012332Show how you would solve 26.7 + 4.4 using:+ 4 + 0.426.7 27.728.7 29.7 30.7 31.126.7 + 4.4 = 31.1Jump strategy26.7 + 4.4= (26 + 4) + (0.7 + 0.4)= 30 + 1.1= 31.126.7 + 4.4 27 + 4.4– 0.3= 31.4– 0.3= 31.1Split strategyCompensation strategySkills Not yet Kind of Got it• Calculates basic addition facts• Demonstrates mental addition strategies for:Jump Split Compensation30 Series G Topic 1 AssessmentCopyright © 3P Learning

Mental strategies – subtractionName_____________________1Complete this subtraction grid:18 72 53.2 48 16.5 9.1 100– 2.9 15.1 69.1 50.3 45.1 13.6 6.2 97.12Show how you would solve 375 – 128 using:Bump strategy375– 128+ 2 + 2377– 130 = 247Split strategyCompensation strategy375– 128 375– 100 = 275275– 20 = 255255– 8 = 247375– 128 375– 130 + 2= 245 + 2= 247375– 128 = 247375– 128 = 247Skills Not yet Kind of Got it• Calculates basic subtraction facts• Demonstrates mental subtraction strategies for:Bump Split Compensation32Series G Topic 2 AssessmentCopyright © 3P Learning

Applying strategiesName_____________________1Read the problems below carefully. Complete each section of each problem. Use any strategy or writtenmethod that you find the easiest.a Max is reading an exciting bookthat is 316 pages long. If he hasread 79 pages, how many does hehave left to read?My estimate:My working out:What do I need to find out?b 645 students go to Cherry LanePrimary School. If there are 125students in the infants and 378in the middle primary, how manyare in upper primary?My estimate:My working out:What do I need to find out?c Jack ran 6.75 km on Monday, 4.67km on Wednesday and 8.85 kmon Saturday. How far short of histraining program is he if he shouldbe running 25 km in a week?My estimate:My working out:What do I need to find out?Skills Not yet Kind of Got it• Solves addition and subtraction problems using own strategy orwritten method• Identifies the question• Provides a reasonable estimateSeries G Topic 2 Assessment33Copyright © 3P Learning

Applying strategiesName_____________________1Read the problems below carefully. Complete each section of each problem. Use any strategy or writtenmethod that you find the easiest.a Max is reading an exciting bookthat is 316 pages long. If he hasread 79 pages, how many does hehave left to read?My estimate:My working out:240316– 80 + 1= 236 + 1 = 237What do I need to find out?The pages left to read.Max has 237 pages left to read.b 645 students go to Cherry LanePrimary School. If there are 125students in the infants and 378in the middle primary, how manyare in upper primary?What do I need to find out?The number of students inthe upper primary.My estimate:My working out:150125 + 378 125 + 380– 2= 505– 2 = 503645– 503 645– 500 = 145145– 3 = 142There are 142 students in the upper primary.c Jack ran 6.75 km on Monday, 4.67km on Wednesday and 8.85 kmon Saturday. How far short of histraining program is he if he shouldbe running 25 km in a week?What do I need to find out?The gap between how farJack ran and how farhe needs to run.My estimate: 52 1My working out:6 7 54 6 7+ 8 8 52 0 2 725– 20.27 = 4.73Jack is 4.73 km short of his program.Skills Not yet Kind of Got it• Solves addition and subtraction problems using own strategy orwritten method• Identifies the question• Provides a reasonable estimate34Series G Topic 2 AssessmentCopyright © 3P Learning

Written methodsName_____________________1Complete these addition problems. Write an estimate for each:e: e: e:a Th H T U b Th H T U c Th H T U2 9 3 2 5 3 4 2 2 6 7 8+ 5 9 9 + 3 6 7 – 5 6 5e: e: e:d Th H T U e Th H T U f Th H T U3 4 2 3 6 4 7 8 5 7 9 3+ 7 8 7 – 3 8 8 + 4 7 8e: e: e:g H T U T H h T U T H i T U T H6 3 2 3 5 6 2 9 5 1– 4 6 0 8 + 2 5 1 6 – 4 3 9Skills Not yet Kind of Got it• Solves addition and subtraction problems using a written algorithm• Adds and subtracts decimals in an algorithm• Provides a reasonable estimateSeries G Topic 3 Assessment35Copyright © 3P Learning

Written methodsName_____________________1Complete these addition problems. Write an estimate for each:e: 3 600e: 5 700e:2 100a Th H T U b Th H T U c Th H T U111 12 9 3 2 5 3 4 2 2 6 7 8+ 5 9 9 + 3 6 7 – 5 6 53 5 3 1 5 7 0 9 2 1 1 3e: 4 200e: 6 100e:6 200d Th H T U e Th H T U f Th H T U1 1 1 3 1 1 1 13 4 2 3 6 4 7 8 5 7 9 3+ 7 8 7 – 3 8 8 + 4 7 84 2 1 0 6 0 9 0 6 2 7 1e: 18.00e: 80e:5.00g H T U T H h T U T H i T U T H5 1 1 1 14 16 3 2 83 5 6 2 9 5 41– 4 6 0 38 + 2 5 1 6 – 4 3 491 7 1 5 8 1 3 6 5 1 2Skills Not yet Kind of Got it• Solves addition and subtraction problems using a written algorithm• Adds and subtracts decimals in an algorithm• Provides a reasonable estimate36Series G Topic 3 AssessmentCopyright © 3P Learning