Groundcover Restoration in Forests of the Southeastern United States

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 5: Costs Associated with Groundcover Restorationthe seven restoration steps outlined in Chapter 1 writtenout in digital format and to have a budget prepared for eachrestoration activity.Although there are a wide variety of potential reasonsfor conducting groundcover restoration projects, manyfunding opportunities exist to address one of two objectives:improving soil and water quality (ecosystem services), orconserving habitat for rare species. Funding for ecosystemservices is generally targeted towards wetlands and coastalhabitats. In contrast, funding for upland sites is more likelyto come from sources interested in the conservation ofrare species. Gathering data on the presence of rare plantand animal species and on the potential importance ofthe restored habitat to any state or federally threatenedand endangered species may be a good first step towardsobtaining funding for upland restoration. Information onrare species and habitats can be obtained on the websitesfor the Department of Natural Resources/Natural HeritagePrograms of each state (website addresses are listed inChapter 9).Finally, be sure to contact local plant societies, botanicalgardens, county agricultural extension agents, high schools,and colleges with information on the project site and therestoration needs. The value of dedicated students andvolunteers at a restoration site is enormous and is invaluablefor encouraging community involvement and perpetuatingenvironmental education programs. The StudentConservation Association (www.sca.org) is an organizationinvolved in matching interested students with restorationactivities on public lands.Table 1. Costs associated with preparing a site for restoration.Initial Habitat Site prep method Restoration Activity Cost ($)Intact chemical herbicide application $47/acreIntact mechanical kershaw mowing $175-500/acreIntact mechanical roller chopping $100-175/acreIntact mechanical root raking $.49/linear footIntact thinning hardwood removal $2-4/ton removedMine chemical herbicide (contracted) $78/acreMine mechanical earthmoving $4235/acrePasture chemical herbicide application $48/acrePasture chemical herbicide application $25/acrePasture chemical herbicide (helicopter) $214/acrePasture fire prescribed fire $6.5/acrePasture fire prescribed fire $10.70/acrePasture mechanical cultipacker $576/acrePasture mechanical disking $24/acrePasture mechanical disking $29.8/acrePasture mechanical disking $39/acrePasture mechanical disking $14/acrePasture mechanical disking (in-house) $6/acrePasture mechanical mowing (in-house) $6/acrePasture mechanical mowing (in-house) $7/acrePasture mechanical rolling (contracted) $46/acrePasture mechanical rolling (in-house) $12.66/acrePasture mechanical root raking $21/acrePasture thinning pre-commercial $224.5/acrePlantation chemical herbicide application $40-300/acrePlantation fire prescribed fire $20-75/acrePlantation mechanical disking $31.75/acre| 38 |
Chapter 5: Costs Associated with Groundcover RestorationInitial Habitat Site prep method Restoration Activity Cost ($)Plantationmechanicalsite prep: mowing, drum chopping, ormulching$40-1200/acrePlantation thinning commercial $450-3000/acrePlantation thinning pre-commercial $50-1325/acre*Estimated site preparation performance for gyro-trac mechanical site preparation is 6 acres/day.Table 2. Costs associated with restoration seeding and planting.Initial Habitat Activity Cost ($)Mineplanting bare rootherbaceous species$.59/plantMine planting sawgrass $.85/plantMine planting seedling trees $1.78/plantMine planting St. Johns wort $2.65/plantMine upland tree planting $984-2028/acreMineplanting herbaceousplants$871/acrePastureseed collection andsowing$845/acrePastureseed collection andsowing$800-1200/acrePastureseed sowing(grasslander)$88/acrePastureseed collection ofLopsided indiangrass $1.6/lb bulk(flail-vac)Pastureseed collection ofLopsided indiangrass $10.8/lb bulk(flail-vac)Pasturecollecting wiregrass mix(flail-vac)$1.03/lb bulkPasturecollecting wiregrass mix(flail-vac)$8.72/lb bulkPasturecollecting wiregrass mix(flail-vac)$16.35/lbPasture seed handling $31/acrePasture seed handling $72/acrePastureseed sowing(grasslander)$14.65/acrePastureseed sowing(grasslander)$48/acrePlantationseed sowing(broadcast)$38.99/acrePlantationseed sowing(grasslander)$45-90/acrePlantationseed collection andsowing$350/acrePlantation planting wiregrass plugs $700/acreAll planting wiregrass plugs $.30-.40/plugAll planting wiregrass plugs $.17/plugTable 3. Costs associated with site assessment & monitoring.InitialHabitatCategory Cost ($)Minemonitoring (intensive)$310-375/acreMine monitoring (forested sites) $265/acreMine monitoring (non-forested sites) $100/acrePasture seed bank study $3000Pasture site surveys (donor or recipient) $2500Table 4. Total project costs for select restoration sites.InitialHabitatCategory Cost ($)Mine total restoration (16 acres) $1350/acrePasturePasturePasturetotal restoration(10 acres or less)total restoration(100 acres or more)total restoration(20-100 acres)$5000-6000/acre$2,900/acre$3,500/acrePasture total restoration (400 acres) $730/acrePasture total restoration (first year) $1295/acrePasturePasturetotal restoration(first year, contracted)maintenance restoration(second year)$1450-2000/acre$670/acre*Estimated performance for ATV mounted flail-vac seed collection is 6.7-8acres/day and green silage cutter seed collection is 24 acres/day.| 39 |
Page 5: Table of ContentsIntroduction .....
Page 9: Part IDesigning and Executing aGrou
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1: Planning a Restoration P
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2Implementing a Restoration
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 2: Implementing a Restorati
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 3Tailoring Restoration Stra
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 3: Tailoring Restoration St
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 4Important Considerations f
Page 37: Chapter 5Costs Associated with Grou
Page 41 and 42: Literature CitedAbrahamson, W. G. a
Page 43 and 44: Literature CitedEgan, D. and E. A.
Page 45 and 46: Literature CitedLeopold, A. 1949. A
Page 48 and 49: Literature CitedTrusty, J. L., and
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 6Location of Groundcover Re
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 6: Location of Groundcover
Page 59: Chapter 6: Location of Groundcover
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 7: Forested Communities of
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 7: Forested Communities of
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 8 : Plant Species of the Fo
Page 76: Chapter 8 : Plant Species of the Fo
Page 81: Chapter 8 : Plant Species of the Fo
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 8 : Plant Species of the Fo
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 103 and 104:
Chapter 9Online Resources for Resto
Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 10Comprehensive Bibliograph
Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 10: Comprehensive Bibliogra
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115:
show all

Groundcover Restoration in Forests of the Southeastern United States

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?