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(1,000-2,000 mm); is said to bear more heavily in areas with a distinct winter seasonthan in the deep Tropics.SoilThe guava seems indiscriminate as to soil, doing equally well on heavy clay, marl, lightsand, gravel bars near streams, or on limestone; and tolerating a pH range from 4.5 to9.4. It is somewhat salt-resistant. Good drainage is recommended but guavas are seengrowing spontaneously on land with a high water table–too wet for most other fruittrees.PropagationGuava seeds remain viable for many months. They often germinate in 2 to 3 weeks butmay take as long as 8 weeks. Pretreatment with sulfuric acid, or boiling for 5 minutes,or soaking for 2 weeks, will hasten germination. Seedlings are transplanted when 2 to30 in (5-75 cm) high and set out in the field when 1 or 2 years old. Inasmuch as guavatrees cannot be depended upon to come true from seed, vegetative propagation iswidely practiced.In Hawaii, India and elsewhere, the tree has been grown from root cuttings. Pieces ofany roots except the smallest and the very large, cut into 5 to 10 in (12.5-20 cm)lengths, are placed flat in a prepared bed and covered with 2 to 4 in (5-10 cm) of soilwhich must be kept moist. Or one can merely cut through roots in the ground 2 to 3 ft(0.6-0.9 m) away from the tree trunk; the cut ends will sprout and can be dug up andtransplanted.By another method, air-layers of selected clones are allowed to grow 3 to 5 years andare then sawn off close to the ground. Then a ring of bark is removed from each newshoot; root-inducing chemical is applied. Ten days later, the shoots are banked with soilto a height 4 to 5 in (10-12.5 cm) above the ring. After 2 months, the shoots areseparated and planted out.E-URICM 12
CultureLight pruning is always recommended to develop a strong framework, and suckersshould also be eliminated around the base. Guava trees grow rapidly and fruit in 2 to 4years from seed. They live 30 to 40 years but productivity declines after the 15th year.Orchards may be rejuvenated by drastic pruning. The tree is drought-tolerant but in dryregions lack of irrigation during the period of fruit development will cause the fruits tobe deficient in size. In areas receiving only 15 to 20 in (38-50 cm) rainfall annually, theguava will benefit from an additional 2,460 cm (2 acre feet) applied by means of 8 to10 irrigations, one every 15-20 days in summer and one each month in winter.Control of Wild TreesLarge trees that have overrun pastures are killed in Fiji with 2,4-D dicamba or 2,4,5-Tin diesel fuel or old engine oil. Extensive wild stands of young trees are best burned.Cutting results in regrowth with multiple stems.Cropping and YieldThe fruit matures 90 to 150 days after flowering. Generally, there are 2 crops per yearin southern Puerto Rico; the heaviest, with small fruits, in late summer and early fall;another, with larger fruits, in late winter and early spring. In northern India, the maincrop ripens in mid-winter and the fruits are of the best quality. A second crop is homein the rainy season but the fruits are less abundant and watery. Growers usuallywithhold irrigation after December or January or root-prune the trees in order to avoid asecond crop. The trees will shed many leaves and any fruits set will drop. An averagewinter crop in northern India is about 450 fruits per tree. Trees may bear only 100-300fruits in the rainy season but the price is higher because of relative scarcity despite thelower quality. Of course, yields vary with the cultivar and cultural treatment.Experiments have shown that spraying young guava trees with 25% urea plus a wettingagent will bring them into production early and shorten the harvest period from theusual 15 weeks to 4 weeks.Food UsesE-URICM 13
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