How to Create a Bibliography

How to Make a Bibliography - A Handy Guideline-- Based on the 6th Edition of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.A BIBLIOGRAPHY is a list of sources used by the writer of a research paper, including books, encyclopedias,newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, interviews, and electronic media. All the sources used are listed alphabetically.NOTE: Book titles must be either underlined: Ants or italicized: Ants.NOTE: Pay attention to spacing, capitalization and punctuation.NOTE: When more than one publication location is cited on the title page, the first city should be the one noted on yourbibliopgraphy. Place of publication usually includes the Name of the City, and the abbreviation of the State: Greenwood,CT.NOTE: The information for your bibliography should come from the Title Page of each book, NOT THE COVER, theSPINE or other sources (such as WebCat.)BOOKSONE AUTHOROverbeck, Cynthia. Ants. Minneapolis: Lerner PublicationCompany, 1982.Author's last name, Author's first name. Title. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date.TWO OR THREE AUTHORSSewell, Barbara and Patrick Lynch. A First Look at Ants. New York:Walker & Company, 1992.First Author's last name, First Author's first name and Full Names of 2nd and 3rd Authors. Title. Place of publication: Publisher,copyright date.MORE THAN THREE AUTHORSAnderson, Norman D., et al. Ants : using biological indicators toinvestigate environmental conditions. Raleigh, N.C.: Sci-Link/Globe-Net Projects, North Carolina State University, 1999.Last Name of First Author, First Name of First Author, et al. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.EDITORBrandes, Kathleen, ed. Vanishing Species. New York: Time-LifeBooks, 1976.NO AUTHOR or EDITORThe Secret World of Ants. Washington: National GeographicSociety, 1978.PERIODICAL ARTICLES(articles from MAGAZINES or NEWSPAPERS)NOTE: The title is in quotation marks, not underlined or italicized.Conolley, Steve. "Making a Mountain Out of an Anthill."Scientist Weekly. 12 September 1987: 102-10.Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of the article." Name of periodical. Date of the periodical: page numbers of the article.ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLESNOTE: If the encyclopedia arranges articles in alphabetical order, you may omit the volume and pagenumbers.NOTE: If there is no author, list the title first.Carlin, Norman F. "Ants." The World Book Encyclopedia.Chicago: World Book Inc., 1994 ed.Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of the article." Name of encyclopedia. Place of publication: Publisher, copyrightdate."Ant." The International Insect Encyclopedia. Vol.4. New York:Scholastic Books, 1994. 123-42."Title of the article." Name of encyclopedia. Volume number. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date. Page numbers.

"Title of the article." Name of encyclopedia. Volume number. Place of publication: Publisher, copyright date. Page numbers.VIDEO/DVDThe Life of the Honeybee. VHS. Encyclopaedia BritannicaEducational Corporation, 1980.Title of the Video or DVD. Medium. Publisher/Production company, Copyright date.CD-ROM"Common Ant." Creepy Crawlies. CD-ROM. Farnham, England:Media Design Interactive, 1993."Title of article, or part." Title of the CD-ROM. Medium. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.ON-LINE DATABASE ARTICLES from an Institution (such as The Dalton School)Brian, M.V. "Ant.” Access Science. The Dalton School Libraries,New York, NY. 06 Jan. 2004 .Author’s name. "Title of article." Name of the database service. Name of Institution, Place of Institution. Access date NOTE: If there is no author for the article, start the entry with the title.EBOOK from NETLIBRARYHamilton, Ian. Ed. The Oxford Companion To Twentieth-century Poetry in English, New York: The Oxford UniversityPress, 1996, netLibrary. 5 April 2005. < http://www.netlibrary.com/Reader/>.Author or Editor. Title. City: Publisher, Copyright Date, netLibrary. Access Date. WEB PAGESNOTE: Always try to figure out who the AUTHOR of the web site/page is and where this person got his/her information inorder to determine the RELIABILITY of the data. There are many personal interest pages out there that are nottrustworthy.NOTE: ALSO, remember to record the DATE that you accessed your materials or when the web site was last updatedbecause on-line information can be changed daily.NOTE: The standard DATE format for online materials is Date Month. (3 letter abbreviation) Year: 25 Mar. 2004NOTE: There are many variants in citing different kinds of web sites. Make sure that you consult the MLA Handbook forWriters of Research Papers (REF 808.02 GIB) or check with your teachers and librarians if you are not sure of the citationformat.ENTIRE WEB SITEAntColony.org. Phillip Pi. Ant Colony Developers Association.18 Feb. 2004 .Title of the site. Name of the author/editor. Publication informaion (sponsoring company, organization, institution, etc.) Date ofAccess .

PART/PAGE ON A WEB SITE"Creature Feature: Ants." Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 25 Jan. 2004."Title of the part/page." Name of the entire site. Publication information (sponsoring company, organization, institution, etc.) Date ofAccess .Trager, James C. "An Introduction to Ants (Formicidae.)" NorthernPrairie Wildlife Research Center. Northern Prairie WildlifeResearch Center, U.S. Geological Survey. 03 Dec. 2003. Path: Biological Resources;Invertebrates; Species Accounts/Descriptions.Author. "Title of the part/page." Name of the entire site. Publication information (sponsoring company, organization, institution, etc.)Date of Access . Path: (mouse clicks that will take the readers/visitors to the page cited. NOTE: Each stepis separated by a semi-colon.)A SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHYThe function for a bibliography is to allow your readers to locate the cited entries. Whether they are books, videos, websites, etc., you need to include the most relevant information that can lead your readers back to the sources you used foryour research papers.NOTE: Pay special attention to the arrangement of entries. They are alphabetized according to the first letters/words.Articles A, An, The, are ignored.AlphabetizataionAnderson, Norman D., et al. Ants : using biological indicatorsto investigate environmental conditions. Raleigh, N.C.:State University, 1999.Sci-Link/Globe-Net Projects, North CarolinaAnderson"Ant." The International Insect Encyclopedia. Vol.4. New York: Scholastic Books, 1994. 123-42. AntAntColony.org. Phillip Pi. Ant Colony DevelopersAssociation. 18 Feb. 2004 .Brandes, Kathleen, ed. Vanishing Species. New York: Time-Life Books, 1976.Brian, M.V. "Ant.” Access Science. The Dalton School Libraries, New York, NY. 06 Jan. 2004. Path: Search Encyclopedia; type ant; GO.AntCBrandesBrianCarlin, Norman F. "Ants." The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1994 ed. Carlin"Common Ant." Creepy Crawlies. CD-ROM. Farnham, England: Media Design Interactive, 1993. CommonConolley, Steve. "Making a Mountain Out of an Anthill." Scientist Weekly. 12 September 1987: 102-10. Conolley"Creature Feature: Ants." Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 25 Jan. 2004.DiStefano, Vince. Guidelines for better writing. [On-line]http://www.usa.net/˜vinced/home/betterwriting.html,9 January 1996.The Life of the Honeybee. VHS. Encyclopaedia BritannicaEducational Corporation, 1980.AvailableCreatureDiStefanoLifeOverbeck, Cynthia. Ants. Minneapolis: Lerner Publication Company, 1982. OverbeckThe Secret World of Ants. Washington: National Geographic Society, 1978. SecretSewell, Barbara and Patrick Lynch. A First Look at Ants.New York: Walker & Company, 1992.Sewell

New York: Walker & Company, 1992.Trager, James C. "An Introduction to Ants (Formicidae.)"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. NorthernGeologicalSurvey. 03 Dec. 2003 .Path: Biological Resources; Invertebrates; SpeciesAccounts/Descriptions.Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S.Trager