Market Segmentation and IPO-Underpricing: The German Experience

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Market Segmentation and IPO-Underpricing: The German Experience phasizes the minor importance of these two market segments for domestic equities or stresses the leading role of the Neuer Markt and the Official Trading respectively. In so far, it could be expected that underpricing is the lowest in the Official Trading, the second lowest in the Neuer Markt and the highest in the Unofficial Regulated Market. 4. The IPO-Underpricing – Empirical Evidence 4.1. Dataset and Methodology The data for this empirical investigation refer to the period from March 10 th , 1997, to October 31 st , 2002. Sources of the data were the Going-Public Statistic of the Börsenzeitung, the Go- ing-Public Statistic of the Hoppenstedt Börsenforum and the Fact Books of the Deutsche Börse AG as well as the prospectus of the respective issuers. Market-adjusted underpricing for the different market segments as well as for the whole market was calculated as the difference of growth rates according to the following formula: ( 1) 1 UP = N N i= 1 UP i = 1 N N i= 1 R −R i Pi I i (( −1) − ( −1)) P I UPi denotes the Underpricing of the share i, Ri is the initial or raw return of share i (calculated with the first price on the first trading day) and Rm is the market adjustment-term. Pi is the first trading price of the share i at its first trading day and Po is the issue price of the share i. Ii denotes the price of a market portfolio at the first trading day of share i and Io denotes the price of the market portfolio I of the day at the end of the offer period of the share i. m The market adjustment-term Rm refers to the DAX-100 Index of the Deutsche Börse AG and is computed to the end of the time of the drawing period. For the Neuer Markt the initial return Ri was adjusted with the NEMAX-All-Share-Index of the Deutsche Börse AG addition- ally. Unfortunately, it is not possible to adjust the initial returns of each market segment with a specific index for the respective market because no indices are available neither for the Adrian Hunger Page 17 = 1 N N i= 1 0 0
Market Segmentation and IPO-Underpricing: The German Experience Regulated Market nor for the Unregulated Market. Therefore, the market-adjustment for the whole panel was taken with the DAX-100 index. Here, it can be objected that the DAX-100 index is not representative for the whole market because the index includes the hundred shares of the Official Trading with the highest turnover only. Therefore, it would be more representative to take an index, which represents the whole stock market like the CDAX- index because the market adjustment should describe an alternative investment in the market. 26 However, an alternative investment in the market could also be an investment in the portfolio represented by the DAX-100 index. Secondly, the CDAX-index represents the Offi- cial Trading, the Regulated Market (and the Neuer Markt) neglecting the Unofficial Regu- lated Market only. Third, the correlation between the DAX-100 index and a broad-market index like the CDAX-Index is 0.98. 27 Therefore, the DAX-100 index is an acceptable market- adjustment term. All monetary items are quoted in EUR; quotations in DEM of the period preceding the intro- duction of the Euro (at January 1 st , 1999) were converted into EUR with the official rate of exchange. The data were collected for all German stock exchanges and therefore refer in the first place to the market segment and in the second place to the stock exchange. For example, the Cash Medien AG went public on September 21 st , 1999 in Frankfurt and Hamburg at the Regulated Trading and in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Munich and Stuttgart at the Unofficial Regu- lated Market. Hence, the used data refer to the Regulated Market and the Frankfurt Stock Ex- change. Based on this methodology, 457 companies went public in the corresponding period. For 22 issues no sufficient data were available so that the whole panel consists of the remain- ing 435 initial public offerings (Panel A). For additional analysis Panel A was adjusted by the exclusion of extreme values of the underpricing. These extreme values are out of the 1.5-fold of the quartiles-distance. 28 The results are shown in Panel B in the appendix. The following analysis of the panel uses a univariate data-description as well as a cross- sectional OLS-regression. First, underpricing is described in total and for each market segment by its mean, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation and its skewness and kur- tosis. Additional information is given by the values of the t-statistic (test of the mean under- 26 Another possibility is that the initial returns were adjusted with the performance of a portfolio that has the same systematic risk as the IPO. Unfortunately, no data about such a portfolio was available. Thus, the adjustment with a broad market index could be an acceptable alternative. 27 On the basis of the daily data from 09/1999-03/2002; source: Dresdner Bank AG, own calculations 28 General Rule by Tukey (1977), quoted by Schlittgen, 1993, p. 232. Adrian Hunger Page 18
Page 1 and 2: Submitted from: Market Segmentation
Page 3 and 4: Market Segmentation and IPO-Underpr
Page 15 and 16: 3.2. Facts & Figures Market Segment
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Page 27 and 28: 4.3. Discussion Market Segmentation
Page 31 and 32: Appendix Market Segmentation and IP
Page 33 and 34: References Market Segmentation and
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Market Segmentation and IPO-Underpricing: The German Experience

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