AcknowledgmentsUS Department <strong>of</strong><strong>Transportation</strong>Rodney E. SlaterSecretaryMortimer DowneyDeputy Secretary<strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>Transportation</strong><strong>Statistics</strong>Ashish K. SenDirectorMaritimeAdministrationClyde J. Hart, Jr.AdministratorU.S. Coast GuardJames M. LoyCommandantMajor ContributorsRussell Byington, Maritime AdministrationWilliam Ebersold, Maritime AdministrationWendell Fletcher, <strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> <strong>Statistics</strong>Deborah Johnson, Maritime AdministrationPatrick Rohan, U.S. Coast GuardBruce Schmidt, U.S. Coast GuardRolf Schmitt, <strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> <strong>Statistics</strong>Joanne Sedor, <strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> <strong>Statistics</strong>Daniel Siedman, Maritime AdministrationOther ContributorsLCDR Terry Gilbreath, U.S. Coast GuardRobert Bouchard, Maritime AdministrationJoseph Byrne, Maritime AdministrationWilliam Dean, Maritime AdministrationArlene Dietz, U.S. Army Corps <strong>of</strong> EngineersJohn Dumbleton, Maritime AdministrationLCDR Scott Ferguson, U.S. Coast GuardSelena Giesecke, <strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> <strong>Statistics</strong>David Heller, Maritime AdministrationLCDR Terance Keenan, U.S. Coast GuardCDR Ronald Kochan, U.S. Coast GuardDaniel Leubecker, Maritime AdministrationJeff McMahon, Maritime AdministrationEugene Magee, Maritime AdministrationLisa Randall, <strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> <strong>Statistics</strong>LCDR Marc Stegman, U.S. Coast GuardKevin Tokarski, Maritime AdministrationEditorChip MooreCover Design and Report LayoutBrian Sedora, Rings Leighton, Ltd.Maritime Trade and <strong>Transportation</strong> was jointly developed by the U.S. Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong>’s<strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> <strong>Statistics</strong>, Maritime Administration, and U.S. Coast Guard.
<strong>Foreword</strong>The marine transportation system contributes to U.S. economic growth,enhances global competitiveness, and supports national security objectives.The marine transportation industry, with its extensive network <strong>of</strong> waterways, terminals,and ports, plays a critical role in both domestic and international trade, providesenormous travel and recreational opportunities, and employs hundreds <strong>of</strong>thousands <strong>of</strong> people in transportation services and related industries, such as shipbuildingand repair. Throughout our nation’s history, the maritime industry hasalso played an important role in supporting national security objectives by maintainingan active core <strong>of</strong> U.S. flagged and crewed vessels for defense-related operationsthroughout the world.This report is a cooperative effort <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> <strong>Statistics</strong> (<strong>BTS</strong>),the Maritime Administration (MARAD), and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) in theU.S. Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong> (USDOT), with contributions from the U.S.Army Corps <strong>of</strong> Engineers. It is the result <strong>of</strong> an ongoing effort by <strong>BTS</strong>, MARAD,and USCG to provide comprehensive and relevant maritime-related statistics andinformation to decisionmakers at all levels <strong>of</strong> government and in private industry.This report addresses USDOT’s five strategic goals: to promote safety, improvemobility, advance economic growth, protect human and natural environments, andstrengthen national security. The report covers major trends in maritime trade,transportation, and shipbuilding, and reviews the marine transportation industry’scontribution to the U.S. economy, its safety record, and environmental impacts. Italso discusses national security, advances in navigation technologies, and key informationand data gaps.Ashish K. SenClyde J. Hart, Jr.Admiral James M. LoyDirector<strong>Bureau</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Transportation</strong><strong>Statistics</strong>AdministratorMaritimeAdministrationCommandantU.S. Coast Guardv
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chapter twoShipbuildingMARADShipbui
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Chapter 2 Shipbuilding 35form, or
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chapter threeWaterborne Transportat
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IndexAAccidents, xv, xvi, 49-61caus
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Index 117earnings, 2fleet statistic
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Index 119U.S. foreign trade, 11, 12
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Index 121International agreementsfi
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Index 123Voluntary Intermodal Seali
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Index 125Rescue operations, see Sea
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Index 127navigation aids, 86ownersh