1995 - Toronto Entomologists' Association

Ontario Insectsielcome to the premierissue of Ontario Insects.You are holding, and, if we've done our job correctly,will shortly be reading, the premier issue of the TorontoEntomologists'.:.::~ssociation's new NewsJournal. Born outof the rising:':"':coS(:s:::::::9f producing, copying and mailingmonthly Il,li:firttes::Qttpeetings, and the desire of the currentEx~::ctlt:!ve '~n~~:: t'~:~:. Board of Directors to provideT.E.A. rhemBers andJ~::otHer insect lovers with a newslet·~~t~;~\\~;~~:;:~tS·the way of g:o'oa':':'reaaI;g:~::;;::~~~y thanks to all of the authorsfor being part of thi's::"premier issue. It is the beginningof great things for the T.E.A. You can and should bea part of it. ..Phil & Pat Schappert, EditorsSeptember, 19951

Ontario InsectsChanges at High ParkOnJuly 2nd, I participated in a tour with100 + walkers to the western edge ofHigh Park. It was sponsered by theToronto Historical Board and Sun Lifeof Canada. I led a TEA field trip to thepark on July 9 (see Field Trip report inthis issue - Ed.) and tagged along on anotherbutterfly walk, led by MelTintpulver, on July 30th. Here are someof my observations and comments onthe changes I've seen at High Park.New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americaus)was once common in the Park but wasnot found on these outings. It is a majornectar source for Hairstreaks, Blues andSkippers and the larval hostplant forSpring Azures and the Mottled DuskyWing. The latter has not been seen inthe park for many years.There has also been a serious decline inBlack Oak (Quercus velutina) saplings inthe last decade. It is a mystery whythey've practically disappeared in areaswhere they were once common. Withoutthem the Edward's Hairstreak willnot survive. I learned from the leaderof the July 2nd walk (Rene Malagonl thatthe High Park Restoration Committeeplan to take out some of the Sassafrass(Sassafrass albidum) in the park and replaceit with other rarer plants of theOak woodlands.Remarkably few butterflies were seenon the July 9th and July 30th trips althoughit's interesting to note that manymale Gypsy Moths (Lymantria dispar) ,in their typical erratic flight, were seenon July 30th. It appears that there arerelatively few species now in High Parkwhen compared to earlier records. InTEA seasonal summaries from 1969-79Letters~---~there are, I believe, no records for thepark. However, from 1980-88, nine collectingseasons, ten contributors recorded22 species from the park. Noneof the species was new to the park.I can easily recall when it was not unusualto see more than 20 species in asingle afternoon. For example, I found24 species on July 8, 1959! Six speciesof Hairstreaks accounted for more than150 individuals. Two species recordedon that date, Silvery Checkerspot(Charidryas nycteis) and Meadow Fritillary(Clossiana bellona), are probably nolonger to be found in High Park.Bill Edmonds, TorontoLetters received beforethe premier issue...I would greatly appreciate receivingmore information about "OntarioInsects"D.F.]. Hilton, Bishop's University,Lennoxville, QuebecI am interested in the newsletter/journal,Ontario Insects, that will belaunched this year. Could you pleasesend me information on the cost.A. Robbie-Draward, Parks & RecreationDept., City ofWinnepeg, ManitobaHow do I get a copy of Ontario Insects?How does it compare to the ill-fatedOntario Insect Collector's News or itssuccessor? I am only guessing (and hoping)that it fills this important vacantniche.Steve Marshall, University ofGuelph,Guelph, Ontario (via e-mail)President'sMessageWell, it's been an eventful year (thisshould qualify for the "understatementof the year" award)! As you can see,the executive andboard have been busy.There have been some personnelchanges to the Board of Directors,there's this newjournal thatyou're holding,plus amendments to the constitutionto be voted on (make sure you getyour votes in), an upcoming meetingseason that looks very entertaining(thanks, Paul) and a membership whichis growing in leaps and bounds, orshould I say, hops and flights.There was also a Graduate Student Symposiumin April, an abundance of butterflycounts in Ontario this summer,three TEA field trips, and quite a numberof opportunities to interact with, andeducate, John & Jane Q. Public - certainlya lot more of them than there'vebeen in the past. My impression is thatthis reflects a genuine increase in interestof insects and entomology in thisprovince. The launch of Ontario Insectscould not have happened at abettertime!And there's never been a better time toget more involved with the TEA. Besides,if you do get more involved thenI can stop bugging you about it.Many thanks for your inquiries and thekind words. We hope the real thing livesup to your expectations. All ofyou will receivea complimentary copy ofthe premierissue to satisfy your curiousity. Subscribingto Ontario Insects is easy - join theToronto Entomologists' Association! Seethe membership information in the mastheadon the inside of the front cover forfurther info.Phil & Pat,Editors2September, 1995

Ontario InsectsTreasurer's ReportAs of September, sales of the OntarioButterfly Atlas have accumulated$7584.06, $6500.00 of which has beenplaced in a G.S.C. There are approximately392 copies of the atlas remaining.The regular membership accountis summarized below. Forty-four of 114members had already remitted theirdues as of September 1, 1995, raisingthe current bank balance to $1113.35.If you have not sent in your dues yetthen please do so as soon as possible.Balance Forward (July 6, 19941 $108.47Income:Membership 2172.79Sales 40.00Interest 3.08Net IncomeExpenses:PrintingPostageMisc.SuppliesPhone/FaxBank ChargesNet Expenses$2215.87Balance (July 25, 199511255.37424.92196.5158.6213.012.00$1950.43Submissions toAnnual Summaries:A reminder to please submit yourrecords for the occasional publications"in format", that is in the same formatin which the records are presented inthe summaries. If possible, please submityour records on a 31/2" disk, in anyor legibly typed on clean 8 1 /2" X11" paper so that they may be scannedinto the computer. Many thanks,Alan$eptember, 1995SeptemberSaturday, September 23, 1995Dr. Tim MylesFreelance Writer and EditorUpcomingDirector,. Urban Entomol. Program, FacultyofForestry, University ofTorontoIPrograms~North American Termites: cuticular coatings for social insect controlDr. Myles will introduce us to some of the 41 species of North American termitesconcentrating on tropical species from Mexico and Reticulitermes {lavipes (Kollarl,the pest termite of northeastern North America. As the title suggests, Dr. Myleshas discovered that we can use their social grooming behaviour to control or eveneradicate this voracious pest.OctoberSaturday, October 21, 1995Members MeetingThis is the annual "bring and brag" meeting. Come outand see what your colleagues have been up to this pastsummer! By the way, just what have you been up to anyway?Don't you think it's about time that you 'fessed up?They say confession is good for the soul... Besides, where else are you going tofind a more sympathetic audience?NovemberSaturday, November 25, 1995Lorraine JohnsonAttracting Butterflies to Your GardenIt's called naturalistic gardening and bestsellingauthor Lorraine Johnson has writtenthe definitive guidebook to this landscapingtrend. Ms. Johnson is the authorof The Ontario Naturalized Garden:the complete guide to using native plants (see review in this issue - Ed.), thefirst-ever guide to gardening with native plants in Ontario. Whether you have atiny urban plot or a large expanse, come and learn how to create a shady woodland,a sunny meadow or a rippling water garden using the native plants whichare adapted to Ontario's conditions and are favourites of butterflies and insects.3

Ontario InsectsNotes on Behaviour of a European Earwig (Forficula auricularia)Everyone knows earwigs. Most peopledon't have much use for them. Someare definite pests of small seedlings, butoverall they tend not to be pests of cropsor plants in general. In fact some speciesare predacious and play a role incontrolling mites and aphids. I wouldsay that it is the fact they just get intoevery nook and cranny that makes themirritating. It is probably this characteristicthat initiated the belief that the earwigwould climb into people's ears.In July of 1994 I observed another littleknown defensive behaviour in the earwig.A mature earwig was observed carryingan adult house spider (Acharaneatepidariorum). The earwig was using itscerci and had caught the spider betweenthe abdomen and its cephalothorax. Asthe spiders legs were facing upwards, itwas unable to gain any purchase or gripand was thus defenceless.I am unsure of the events that lead tothis observation. I can only assume thatthe earwig had blundered into the spi-ders web. The spider had reacted byattacking the earwig. In this case thespider would have come down the weband then attempted to subdue the earwigby throwing silk at it to restrict thepreys movement. The earwig in responsewould have lifted its abdomenover its head and closed its cerci aroundthe spider. In the struggle that followed,the spider must have lost its grip allowingthe earwig to escape. The result wasthe trapped spider.I do not know how long the earwigwould hold the spider in this manner,but it was certainly long enough for thespider to give up its attempt at prey capture.Although I had been pinched byearwigs, I had never seen or heard ofthese cerci being of any real use. Theobservation was therefore a surprise. Inall references that I have subsequentlylooked up, I have only come across oneother comment on a similar behaviour.Swan & Papp (1972) report the cerciwere used against ants that attackedRearing the Black Swallowtail (papiliopolyxenes asterias) in York CountyThe female of this common speciesseems to readily lay its eggs. Early inAugust 1994, one layed eggs on a carrotwithin two days ofplacing it on the plantunder a plastic bag and coathanger tentto prevent escape. About six days later,approximately half of the eggs hatched.At first, the larvae didn't eat much andunfortunately, only one survived - itseems that the reason may be that somewere midgets (maybe because some didnot eat their eggshells). By August 18,when the larva was in about its thirdinstar, I found a full grown polyxeneslarva on dill, which I took home as aspecimen to aid in a specimen diagramof the life cycle of the black swallowtail.I later found another, which I took intocaptivity, and reared to the pupal stage.It pupated on the 29th of August. I thenLarva of the BlackSwallowtailset it in my diagram,completingit. As for the survivinglarva whosemother layed itsegg on my carrot, itpupated on the 4thof September.Black swallowtaillarvae of the latebrood (the one thatwill fly in spring)seem to come intwo colour forms. If they hatch aroundlate July, they are a deep green, withlight yellow dots, and relatively thinblack bands. Those hatching one or twoweeks later have smaller dots going onorange, much wider black bands, andcontinued on page 10...them. In this case the spider wasnitely unable to protect itself vv 11\;1111'was observed.It would be interesting to note justwell developed this technique is invarious species of earwigs. Itbehaviour such as this that could ac·count for the earwigs tremendous suc·cess in establishing itself. I would beinterested in hearing from anyone thaihas seen similar occurrences.Reference:Swan, L.A. and C.S. Papp, 1972. ThlCommon Insects of North America.Tom MasolMetro Toronto ZOIHarvester (Fenisecatarquinius) larvafeeiliny_on Slleckle~Alder (Alnus incana]On July 9, 1995, I observed 8-10 H~Ivester (Feniseca tarquinius) larvae 0n.,:Speckled Alder (Alnus incana) shrub. ~location was the south shore of M~~Lake at Port Sydney, 50 meters eastc~the Muskoka River. The shrub hadnumber of half-eaten leaves an5Jclappeared that these caterpillars wer~tjsponsible. Based on the presence ofS~tered cottony bits on the back of thel~vae, I made a tentative identificati0n.jlFeniseca tarquinius. Knowing that th~llarvae are carnivorous and feed:~woolly alder aphids, I made a cursglbut unsuccessful search for the ap~i~As I was then not certain of the corr~(icontinued on page 1.!~i-4--------------------------S-e-p-te-m-b-e-r-,~lg~

Ontario InsectsT.E.A. Butterfly Counts - 1992-1995: a summaryby Tom Mason, Michael van der Poorten & Nancy van der PoortenFor the past four years, the T.E.A. has conducted butterflycounts under the direction of Tom Mason, Curator of Invertebratesat the Metro Toronto Zoo. The surveys include sixsites within two larger areas, the Rouge River and Don Rivervalleys. The following figure and tables provide a summaryof each years count results and allow for some contrasts andcomparisons to be made betw~enyears.IPersonnel, Weather, and Highlight Summaries:1992 Weather: Lightly overcast to dull. The year was extremelycool and damp. This lead to a delayed season andlow numbers and fewer species than is normal.1993 Present in Rouge:Nick Tsovolos, Marilyn Cole,Michael and Nancy van derPoorten, Jim Spottiswood,Tom Mason; Present in Don:Nick Tsovolos, Michael andNancy van der Poorten, TomMason, Allan & CatherineHanks, Jim Spottiswood;Highlights: Harvester was afirst record for the Zoo.1994 Present in Rouge:Tom Mason, Al Hanks, JimSpottiswood, Bill & IreneMcIlveen, Neb Lecic and Mr.Lecic, Michael and Nancyvan der Poorten, KevinThompson, Kym Welstead,Jason Krogh; Present in Don:Tom Mason, Jim Spottiswood,Pat and Phil Schappert,1019913•1993Rouge Valley onlyArea A: Rouge River - Site 1: Kingston Road at Rouge RiverSPl't it's :\al1H'3• Don Valley onlyMichael and Nancy van der Poorten, Kym Welstead, JasonKrogh; Weather: Perfect, sunny, warm, not too hot. After along cold winter, the season has been fairly warm with a dryspell in late May/early June, but with adequate rain in thepreceeding week; Highlights: Juvenal's Duskywing (TwynRiversI and the American Copper IZoo) were new recordsfor the Rouge Valley.1995 Present in Rouge: Tom Mason, Carolyn King, PaulMcGaw, Michael & Nancy van der Poorten; Present in Don:Site 1 & 2: Tom Mason, Carolyn King, Paul McGaw; Site 3:Michael & Nancy van der Poorten; Weather: Perfect. Sunny,warm, not too hot; after a fairly mild winter, a cold spring,and a dry, hot June. Of thepast four years in which acount has been held, 19956719921994Four Years ofButterfly Counts: 1992-1995. The size of each pie chart isproportional to the total species recorded for thatyear. Note that only TwynRivers was surveyed in the Rouge Valley in 1992.1992 l'llU l'll)4 I'll}:>814was the best year as a wholealthough we had the poorestattendance to date. We encounteredmore species thanever before, but fewer individuals.This was the secondyear in a row that the SilveryCheckerspot wasn't seen inthe Don Valley. There werealso fewer European skippersand Monarchs than usual.Look for an announcement ofthe 1996 count and come outto join us! We look forwardto having more people to helpout next year so that we cancover the areas in two groupsand be able to spend moretime enjoying the butterflies.Area A: Rouge River - Site 2: Twyn Rivers Drive at Rouge RiverSPl't il's :\ dl1H' 1992 l'llU l'l'l..J. 199,)European Skippers Thymelicus lineola 33 15+ 20 30 Silver Spotted Skipper Epargyreus clarus 1 4 1Tawny Edged Skipper Polites themistocles 6 7 Northern Cloudy Wing Thorybes pylades 1 1Crossline Skippers Polites origenes 1 Dreamy Duskywing Erynnis icelus 2Long Dash Skippers Polites mystic 3 10 Juvenal's Duskywing Erynnis juvenalis 1Hobomok Skipper Poanes hobomok 4 2 European Skippers Thymelicus lineola 100 25+ 100+ 100+Cabbage White Pieris rapae 3 4 Peck's Skipper Polites peckius 2 1Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme 2 1 Tawny Edged Skipper Polites themistocles 16 15+ 40 30Pearl Crescent Phyciodes tharos 1 1 Crossline Skipper Polites origenes 3Question Mark Poo/gonwinre"ogation~ 1 Long Dash Skippers Polites mystic 12 10 40 20Banded Purple Basilarchia a. arthemis 1 Northern Broken Dash WaUengrenia egeremet 3 8Northern Pearly Eye Enodia anthedon 1 Little Glassy Wing Pompeius vema 3 4Little Wood Satyr Megisto cymela 30 3 5 3 Hobomok Poanes hobomok 3 1 5 5Inornate Ringlet Coenonympha inomata 2 1 4 Dun Skipper Euphyes vestris 1 1 9Monarch Danaus plexippus 1continued on next page...1995 5

Ontario Insects...continued from previous pageTiger Swallowtail Pterourus glaucusCabbage White Pieris rapae 1 5Common Sulphur Colias philodiceOrange Sulphur Colias eurytheme 2 1Bronze Copper Hyllolycaena hyllus 1Coral Hairstreak Harkenclenus titus 1Banded Hairstreak Satyrium calanus 1Eastern Tailed Blue Everes comyntas 3Spring Azure Celastrina ladon 1Great Spang. Fritillary Speyeria cybele 1 6 5Pearl Crescent Phycoides tharos 5 12 50Orange Crescentspot Phyciodes t. pascoensis 14 4Question Mark Polygonia interrogationis 4Comma Polygonia comma 1Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopa 2Amer. Painted Lady Vanessa virginiensis 1Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 3Banded Purple Basilarchia a. arthemis 4 1Red Spotted Purple Basilarchia a. astyanax 10Viceroy Basilarchia archippus 2Northern Pearly Eye Enodia anthedon 1Little Wood Satyr Megisto cymela 8 3 11Inornate Ringlet Coenonympha inomata 7 9 17Wood Nymph Cercyonis pegala 4Monarch Danaus plexippus 2 13Area A: Rouge River· Site 3: Metro Zoo at West Rouge River311211714231358355Silver Spotted Skipper Epargyreus clarus 2Northern Cloudy Wing Thorybes pylades 1 2Least Skippers Ancyloxypha numitor 1 1European Skippers Thymelicus lineola 15+ 100+ 1Peck's Skipper Polites peckius 2 9 2Tawny Edge Skipper Polites themistocles 5 15 30Crossline Skippers Polites origenes 1 2 2Long Dash Skippers Polites mystic 8 7 12Northern Broken Dash Wallengrenia egeremet 1 2Little Glassy Wing Pompeius verna 2Delaware Skipper Atrytone logan 1Hobomok Poanes hobomok 6 4 6Dun Skipper Euphyes vestris 1 5Tiger Swallowtail Pterourus glaucus 2 1 3Cabbage White Pieris rapae 12 4 9Common Sulphur Colias philodice 1Alfalfa Sulphur Colias eurytheme 4Harvester Feniseca tarquinius 1American Copper Lycaena phlaeas 1Bronze Copper Hyllolycaena hyllus 3 1Coral Hairstreak Harkenclenus titus 1Acadian Hairstreak Satyrium acadicum 1 4Banded Hairstreak Satyrium calanus 1Spring Azure Celastrina ladon 2 1Great Spang. Fritillary Speyeria cybele 3 5 9Meadow Fritillary Clossiana bellona 1Pearl Crescent Phyciodes tharos 15+ 20 40Question Mark Polygonia interogationnis 1 4Comma Polygonia comma 3 1Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopa 2 3Amer. Painted Lady Vanessa virginiensis 1Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 1 3 2Banded Purple Basilarchia a. arthemis 3 8Viceroy Basilarchia archippus 5 10Northern Pearly EyeLittle Wood SatyrRingletsWood NymphsMonarchsEnodia anthedonMegisto cymelaCoenonympha inomataCercyonis pegalaDanaus plexippusArea B: Don River· Site 1: East Don River at Leslie & SheppardEuropean Skippers Thymelicus lineola 95 20+ 100100+Tawny Edge Skipper Polites themistocles 1Long Dash Skippers Polites mystic 2 9 3Hobomok Poanes hobomok 1 3 2Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes 1Tiger Swallowtail Pterourus glaucus 1 1Cabbage White Pieris rapae 3 6 14 25Common Sulphur Colias philodice 1 1 1Alfalfa Sulphur Colias eurytheme 2Acadian Hairstreak Satyrium acadicum 15Spring Azure Celastrina ladon 1 4Orange Crescentspot Phyciodes t. pascoensis 3Question Mark Porygonminrerogationnis 1Comma Polygonia comma 1Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopaPainted Lady Vanessa cardui 6Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 2 3Viceroy Basilarchia archippus 2Eyed Brown Satyrodes eurydice 18 15+ 25 25Little Wood Satyr Megisto cymela 12 10+ 6 10Monarchs Danaus plexippus 1 1 25641191025Area B: Don River· Site 2: Charles Sauriol Conserv. ReserveSpl'l il's "dllll' l'l'l.! l'l'l l ]'l'l-l ]')')European skippers Thymelicus lineola 33 8 100100+Peck's skipper Polites peckius 1Tawny Edge skipper Polites themistocles 25 6 10 10Long Dash skippers Polites mystic 9 2 3 4Hobomok Poanes hobomok 4 2 3 4Dun Skipper Euphyes vestris 1Tiger Swallowtail Pterourus glaucus 1 1 4Cabbage White Pieris rapae 2 1 1 3Common Sulphur Colias philodice 5Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme 5Coral Hairstreak Harkenclenus titus 3Acadian Hairstreak Sa tyrium acadicurrz 1 2Striped Hairstreak Satyrium liparops' 1Spring Azure Celastrina ladon 1 2Pearl Crescent Phyciodes tharos 3 3 4 5Orange Crescentspot Phyciodes t. pascoensis 5Baltimore Euphydryas phaeton 2 8 3 5Question Mark Polygonia interogationnis 1Comma Polygonia comma 1 3 2Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 3 1 1Banded Purple Basilarchia a. arthemis 7 1 4Red Spotted Purple Basilarchia a. astyanax 3 2 1 3Banded/Red-Spotted BasilarchiaPurple Hybrid arthemis x astyanax 1Eyed Brown Satyrodes eurydice 2Little Wood Satyr Megisto cymela 30 4 10 8Ringlets Coenonympha inomata 1 2Monarch Danaus plexippus 1 1 116816September 1995

Ontario InsectsArea B: Don River - Site 3: Taylor Creek ParkSpl'( it's :\

Ontario InsectsDurham Region Butterfly Counts: results from three yearsby James KamstraA butterfly count has been conducted in the south centralportion of the Regional Municipality of Durham for the pastthree years. Following the protocols set out by the NorthAmerican Butterfly Association (NABAl, a somewhat unrealisticattempt is made to count all of the individual butterflieswithin a 15 mile (24 km) diameter circle. The Durhamcount is centered on the village of Raglan, extending fromnorth Oshawa in the south to Port Perry in the north andfrom Enniskillen in the east to Glen Major in the west. Thecircle straddles the Oak Ridges Moraine, an area of sandysoils, but also includes large wetlands associated with LakeScugog and the Nonquon River floodplain. The results of thecounts are shown in the table below. Count dates for thethree years are July 11, 1993; June 26, 1994 and June 25,1994.Butterflies Species 1993 199.+ 1993Tiger Swallowtail P. glaucus canadensis 13 21 29Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes 2 1 6Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme 31 4Common Sulphur Colias philodice 63 36 8Mustard White Pieris napi 30 8 7Cabbage White Pieris rapae 1405 11 49Bronze Copper Hyllolycaena hyllus 1 5 12Little Copper Lycaena phlaeas 27 8Acadian Hairstreak Satyrium acadicum 3Coral Hairstreak Harkenclenus titus 9 1Spring Azure Celastrina ladon 19 1 3Eastern Tailed Blue Everes comyntas 4 2 1Meadow Fritillary Clossiana bellona 25 4Silver-bordered Frit. Clossiana selene 1 3Aphrodite Fritillary Speyeria aphrodite 8 1 1Great Spang. Fritillary Speyeria cybele 37 12 19Viceroy Basilarchia archippus 7 18 25White Admiral Basilarchia a. arthemis 31 123 106Red Spotted Purple Basilarchia a. astyanax 1 11 10Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopa 2 14 7Silvery Checkerspot Charidryas nycteis 1N. Pearl Crescent Phyciodes selenis 79 339 468Pearl Crescent Phycoides tharos 2 1Hop Merchant Polygonia comma 1 3Question Mark Polygonia interrogationis 2 2Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 21 27 3Amer. Painted Lady Vanessa virginiensis 1 13 3Wood Nymph Cercyonis pegala 137 11 3Inornate Ringlet Coenonympha inomata 3 443 655Northern Pearly Eye Enodia anthedon 18 15 24Little Wood Satyr Megisto cymela 26 160 164Appal. Eyed Brown Satyrodes appalachia 12 7N. Eyed Brown Satyrodes eurydice 25 32 147Monarch Danaus plexippus 63 123 13Silver Spotted Skipper Epargyreus clarus 3 18 35Dreamy Duskywing Erynnis icelus 6 12Juvenal's Duskywing Erynnis juvenalis 1Northern Cloudy Wing Thorybes pylades 23 2Roadside Skipper Amblyscirtes vialis 1Least Skipper Ancyloxpha numitor 13 45Arctic Skipper Carterocephalus palaemon 3 12Dun Skipper Euphyes vestris 26 2 1Hobomok Poanes hobomok 7 95 938Long Dash Skippers Polites mystic 32 174 162Peck's Skipper Polites pechius 4 2 16Tawny Edged Skipper Polites themistocles 11 52 101European Skippers Thymelicus lineola 987 4287 2454Northern Broken Dash Wallengrenia egeremet 1 1Total Species (48) 39 40 44Total Indiviuals 3140 6152 4718Number of Participants (Parties) 12 (5) 19 (6) 15 (6)Total Hours (on foot) 32 (27) 39 (30) 45 (34)Total kIn (on foot) 272 (56) 315 (45) 313 (43)Temperature {0C! 22°.30° 17°.25° 22°.29°A rougly similar amount of field effort was conducted eachyear. Note that the 1994 and 1995 counts were held abouttwo weeks earlier than in 1993. This is significant, for manyspecies show substantially greater numbers in the latter twoyears (e.g. Wood Satyr, Ringlet, most Skippers). Converselya few species showed higher popUlations in 1993 (e.g. WoodNymph, Dun Skipper, Hairstreaks). Cabbage Whites seemedto experience a population crash in 1994, although populationsincreased substantially by mid-summer 1995. Migrantspecies such as the Monarch and Red Admiral were noticeablyless numerous in 1995 than in 1994.Canada's Naturium Site SelectedAfter 14 years of planning and research, John G. Powers ofCambridge is proceeding with his plans to builda world classfacility dedicated to the appreciation, education, and preservationof the world's natural environment.Canada's Naturium will operate year-round and will featurehundreds of free-flying butterflies showcased in an ecologicaland educational manner along with a host of other exhibitsand services.John has acquired a 116 acre site with a 50 acre woodlot at3500 Kossuth Road (between FOlfntain St. and SpeedsvilleRd.) just minutes from Hwy. 401. An official unveiling of theNaturium sign took place at this site on July 5th, 1995. It ishoped that ground will be broken this fall after all zoningapplications, final design criteria, building permits and financialarrangements are in place.For further information, contact:Canada's NaturiumButterfly Observatory & Tropical Garden,Box 1995,Cambridge, Ontario,NIR 5S8,519-653-1234.Don DavisSeptember 1995

Ontario InsectsLambton County Butterfly Counts: results from two yearsby Quimby F. Hess, Jeff Skevington and Les KobayashiThe first known butterfly count in Lambton County, northof Samia, Ontario, was made on July 3rd, 1994 with a secondcount occuring on July 2nd of this year. Both counts havebeen organized by Jeff Skevington, Park Naturalist at PineryProvincial Park located a few kilometers south of Grand Bend.There were 21 participants in 1994 and a superb showing of66 participants for the 1995 count.The count center is Port Frlmks and the 15 mile circle includesThedford Sewage Lagoons, Kettle Point, Ravenswood,Kinnard, Ipperwash Provo Pk., Ipperwash or Stony Pt. MilitaryReserve, Port Franks and Pinery Provo Park. This yearshighlights included the discovery of several late Dusted Skippers,a previously unknown colony of Little Glassy Wings,Appalachian Eyed Browns (new for Pinery) and incrediblenumbers of Silvery Checkerspots, Little Wood Satyrs and RedAdmirals. Next year's count is scheduled for Sunday, June30th, 1996 with a rain date of July 1st.Bullerflies Species 199.... 1995Silver Spotted Skipper Epargyreus e/arus 4Northern Cloudy Wing Thorybes pylades 10Dreamy Dusky Wing Erynnis icelus 1Juvenal's Dusky Wing Erynnis juvenalis 1Columbine Dusky Wing Erynnis lucilius 3Common Sooty Wing Pholisora catullusLeast Skipper Ancyloxpha numitor 9European Skippers Thymelicus lineola 15Peck's Skipper Polites peckius 7Tawny Edged Skipper Polites themistoe/es 1Crossline Skipper Polites origenes 2Long Dash Skippers Polites mystic 3Northern Broken Dash Wallengrenia egeremet 11Delaware Skipper Atrytone loganLittle Glassy Wing Pompeius vema 1Hobomok Poanes hobomok 54Dun SkipperEuphyes vestrisDusted Skipper Atryonopsis hianna 1Roadside Skipper Amblyscirtes vialis 5Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes 4Giant Swallowtail Herae/ides cresphontesTiger Swallowtail P. glaucus canadensis' 18Spicebush Swallowtail Pterourus troilus 4Orange Sulphur Colias eurythemeCommon Sulphur Colias philodice 1Cabbage White Pieris rapae 37Bronze Copper Hyllolycaena hyllus 15Coral Hairstreak Harkenclenus titus 28Acadian Hairstreak Satyrium acadicumEdward's Hairstreak Satyrium edwardsiiBanded Hairstreak Satyrium calanus 4Hickory Hairstreak Satyrium caryaevorum 1Striped Hairstreak Satyrium lipapropsPine Elfin Incisalia niphon 1Eastern Tailed Blue Everes comyntas 2Spring Azure Celastrina ladon 28Great Spang. Fritillary Speyeria cybele 31133351318383341222131551754518717111491883169231411762Meadow Fritillary Clossiana bellona 1Silvery Checkerspot Charidryas nycteis 1252 5082Pearl Crescent Phycoides tharos 3N. Pearl Crescent Phyciodes selenis 29Tawny Crescent Phyciodes batesii 46 2Question Mark Porygonminrerrogationis 8 7Hop Merchant Polygonia comma 6 3Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopa 20 10Milbert's Tortoiseshell Aglais milberti 5Amer. Painted Lady Vanessa virginiensis 17 4Painted Lady Vanessa cardui 10Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 38 236White Admiral Basilarchia a. arthemis 3 3Red Spotted Purple Basilarchia a. astyanax 206 171Viceroy Basilarchia archippus 5 36Tawny Emperor Asterocampa e/yton 8 8Northern Pearly Eye Enodia anthedon 39Eyed Brown Satyrodes eurydice 2Appal. Eyed Brown Satyrodes appalachia 4Little Wood Satyr Megisto cymela 295 1828Inornate Ringlet Coenonympha inomata 20Wood Nymph Cercyonis pegala 3 79Monarch Danaus plexippus 24 55Total Species (60) 44 55Total Indiviuals 2381 13967Number of Participants 21 66Total Hours (on footl 110 (104) 139 (1251Total km (on footl 155 (46) 333 (8411 Pterourous glaucus in Pinery Provincial Park in 1994 was singlebrooded,thus in this year was the Canadian Tiger Swallowtail (QFHIThe Hazards of Night Collecting:J.I ;,~_'.:::::-.---- ...;:;..--- . ~~:>~:'..--/' .../~/:: l.J/I\'1-r-:r--~.. /' .' //__ /'''.// .' courtesy of" /'/' Quimby Hess~I~Many a fine specimen ofmoth has been collected at the common porchlight. The experienced collector, however, wisely sticks to his own porch.September, 19959

Ontario Insects~::~:~;:~~:~~~~~~~~:~~:;~yr :~~~~~~ entomolo~cmSuch a question has often been put to plan such activities well ahead as one Attend local Field Naturalists' Sod-me when I mention my interest in bugsdoesn't want to waste time on a niceety meetings and propagate the imporandphotography. In fact there are many sunny day searching for a locality or tance of insects and their conservation.ways of keeping busy with one's hobby even searching for a place to park one's If possible, get invited to speak at suchduring the winter without having to buzz car or bicycle. meetings; I am sure that every memberoff with net and camera to warmer There are outdoor activities too that of the T.E.A. will find that he knows aclimes where butterflies and moths are one can indulge in. For instance one can lot more about insects than other memstillflying. search for Saturnid cocoons, and before bers of field naturalist groups.So, herewith a few tips to prevent the the ground freezes, one can dig for moth Finally, write articles, notes etc. forbudding lepidopterist from getting bored pupae; this used to be a very popular Ontario Insects!in winter. Firstly, if you have a collec- activity when I was growing up in Ention,and I still believe that acquiring a gland, where of course the ground is wetw.]. D. Eberliesmall representative collection is the for most of the winter rather than frobestway to begin learning about lepi- zen solid as it is in Ontario. We used to Swallowtail ...continued from page 4doptera and indeed insects, then prop- dig around the bases of Poplar and Oakerly maintaining such a collection takes trees, both trees very popular with moth green going on white! While rearing, Iup a lot of time which is available dur- larvae. Digging for pupae can be done tried an experiment: I had the oldering the winter. When I was younger and in Ontario in October and November larva pupate on green paper, and thebuilding up such a collection, I used to before the ground freezes; however I younger on bark. The one on barkspend the winters relaxing and spreadingspecimens which had been collected cess here.bark. The other had some green, as themust confess I have not had much suc­turned mot-tled brown, just like thepaper, but not as much as in some picturesI have seen. This, and that laterduring the summer and stored in paper The ova of some Lycaenids, particulartriangles in air-tight containers. Some the hairstreaks can, in theory, be foundcollections may have to be respread as in winter by searching twigs of thelarvae had more black, may be evidencethat colder weatherwings can droop and so on; also data foodplants, e.g. choke cherry and oak(August was quitelabels have to be checked for legibility saplings (H. titus and S. liparops lay eggsand some rewritten when, for instance, on the former plant and S. calanus oncool, though Julywas warm, and excellentfor painteda geographical name changes.the latter). I have never had any suc-Here is a short list of other ways that cess in finding these eggs in Ontario butladies!) had an impacton the brightone can keep busy:younger eyes could well be more successful,especially if one is searching inRepair nets. I always keep a spare net an area where adult butterflies arecolours of the larvaeand pupae.in the car as my net once had an argu- known to occur.ment with a Prickly Ash shrub. In myopinion, nets are still necessary equipmentfor lepidopterists because you cannotidentify many insects without catchingthem first.Check, clean and repair entomologicalequipment. Check and clean cameraand photographic equipment. Cleancamera and slide projector lenses.Sort photographic slides. Put asideduplicates of, get duplicates made ofone's best photos, especially for theT.E.A.'s resource collection.Authors of older butterfly books usedto recommend searching for hibernatingnymphalids in the winter, by peeringinto hollows in trees and fallen logs.Again I have never had any success withsuch searches in Ontario, but occasionallyhibernating butterflies can be foundin attics and garden sheds; N. antiopaseems to like hibernating in piles of logsand I have found N. vau-album hibernatingin an old hut in the middle of awood.The process of pupationin polyxenesPre-pupal stadium of appears to takeBlack Swallowtailabout 48 hours,starting with the habitual pre-moult unwillingnessto eat. Around mid-day, itstarts defecating until it suddently letsout a thin wet waste mass. By morning,it is in its pupation position (a silk beltholds it more or less upright, and a silkpad at the tail attaches it to the surfaceit is on). By next morning, it is a pupa.Neb Lecic10September, 1995

Ontario InsectsThere were 27 members and 8 visitorspresent on March 25, 1995. After a shortwelcome, the President introduced thespeaker, Steven Price of World WildlifeFund (Canada). Steven completed hisBSc and MSc at the University ofToronto and is currently Vice-Presidentof International Programs for the WWF.Steven introduced and discussed a numberof conservation projects relating toinsects that the WWF has been or is involvedwith, specifically Monarch migrationmonitoring, the Karner Blue andthe Maritime Ringlet. As Steven discussed,the problem in many projectssuch as these is not knowing the fullnatural history of the insect - in mostcases all of the factors are not known.The approach now being taken is to preservethe habitat in which the insectresides rather than concentrating onsaving the insect per se. Often the insectis interdependent with the plantsand other wildlife in its particular habitatso that is what should be prefierved.The larger goal of the WWF is to protecta network of complete representativehabitat samples in Canada by theyear 2000. Some of these habitats includeshort grass prairie, tall grass prairie,temperate rainforest, coastal dunes,etc. We now have a wealth of informationregarding both endangered speciesand their endangered spaces and wemust look at the root causes of theseendangerments such as the underlyingMeeting & Field TripReportsgeological or meteorological considerations.Steven's intriguing and thoughtprovoking presentation was followed bya brisk question period. In thanks,Steven was presented with a copy of theOntario Butterfly Atlas.AprilGraduate StudentResearch in Entomology:a symposiumTwenty-two members, the presentersand four guests were present for thissymposium. Not as good a turnout ashad been hoped for but it was a worthwhileeffort. Ifanother such symposiumis held in the future it is suggested thatit be held earlier in the meeting season(before the university teach year ends!)and that some consideration is given toincluding the Entomological Society ofOntario in the organization and planning.The abstracts of the six contributedpapers, presented by students fromfour Ontario universities, are printedelsewhere in this issue of Ontario In-'&.-sects.Field TripTwin Lakes, May 13,1995A bewildering spring...talk about runninghot and cold! But trip day waslovely, especially for mid-May. Therarely intrepid leader, with spouse andfather in tow, was late getting to themeeting site in Havelock. Thankfully,there were enough members presentwho'd been there before so we didn't~fA------------=--~~~~~-~MarchSteven Price (WWF)Insect Conservation: aview from the WWFhold anyone up. All told a total of 15members and friends met at TwinLakes: Mike Bransfield, Carol Brotman,Malcolm Campbell, John Eberlie, Alanand Barbara Hanks, Tom Ikeda, JimLane, Phil and Pat Schappert, ReubenSchappert, Jim Spottiswood, DonSutherland, and Michael and Nancy vander Poorten.We encountered a total of 11 sp. of Leps.(see below) including all four Elfins.Surprises were in store. The weatherwas so odd that Olympia Marblewingsappeared to bejust getting started -very .few of their Arabis hosts were in evidence.Careful searches finally turnedup a number ofpre-blooming plants butmost had no eggs - but there were goodnumbers of Arctics already on the wing.Columbine Duskywings were surprisinglycommon, as were Hoary Elfins,and a single Snowberry Clearwing wasan early delight. Some excitement wasgenerated when Don Sutherlandthought that he'd caught Cicindelapatruela - a rare tiger beetle, but it turnedout to be C. purpurea a far more commonlyseen species. I think it's safe tosay that a good time was had by all...Here's a list of everything seen: ColumbineDuskywing, Erynnis lucilius (7);Cabbage White, Pieris rapae (1); OlympiaMarblewing, Euchloe olympia (8);Pine Elfin, Incisalia niphon (1); BrownElfin, 1. augustinus (3); Henry's Elfin, 1.henrici (1); Hoary Elfin, 1. polia (15+);Spring Azure, Celastrina ladon (100 + I;Mourning Cloak, Nymphalis antiopa (3);Chryxus Arctic, Geneis chryxus (8);Snowberry Clearwing; Hemaris di({inis(1)Phil SchappertMore! Continued on page 13...September, 199511

Ontario InsectsMonarchWatchby Don Davis---------------------------~Monarch numbers in eastern NorthAmerica may be the lowest they've beenin years. There are fewer Monarchsbeing recorded in the north midwestthan at any time in the past decade, accordingto Monarch expert LincolnBrower. Recent butterfly counts andobservations from the recent migrationconfirm a sharp drop in numbers. TheDurham Region Butterfly Count (reportedelsewhere in this issue - Ed.) foundonly 12 Monarchs during the June 25thcount, compared to 123 found on June26, 1994. Reasons suggested for the declineinclude harsh spring storms andabnormal freezing temperatures thatmay have killed many Monarchs as theymigrated to the U.S. from Mexico inMarch and April.It's interesting to note that there was asimilar situation in California, where thenumbers of western Monarchs along thecoast this past winter were the lowestever recorded. Now, summer breedingpopulations appear to be recovering atan astouding pace from what seemedlike a hopeless situation only a few shortmonths ago. Dr. Fred Urquhart notedthat about every seven years, the Monarchpopulation would drop dramaticallyand then rebound in subsequentyears. He postulated that the Monarchswere devastated by a virus and that thepopulation would rebound until the virusmutated, causing another crash inthe population.kkkMigrating Monarchs are often subjectedto sub-zero temperatures, heavy dewsand frosts in late September and October.Kirk Larsen and Richard Lee, Jr.lJ.Insect Physiol. 40) demonstrate that thisgeneration has the capacity to rapidlyCritics state that these concerns are notvalid and that at a number ofgeographicallocations the eastern and westernpopulations do, in fact, meet. Such transferexperiments are useful in evaluatingwhether or not the direction of migrationis innate (ie. genetically fixed)or determined by the butterflies fromstimuli perceived in the external environment(terrestrial or extraterrestrialparameters). Further to this the criticsstate that this is simply another attemptby certain professional scientists to conincreasetheir cold-hardiness. A chillingperiod of 1 hour at 4°C before exposureto -4°C for 24 hours significantly improvedtheir survival over those withno chilling period prior to the exposure(>80% vs.

Ontario InsectsHarvester...continued from page 4ness of my identification, I placed onelarva along with a fresh alder leaf in ascreened container and took it back tomy cottage near Gravenhurst. The nextmorning I compared the larva to thevarious field guides and was satisfiedwith my original identification. To mysurprise, the alder leaf was half consumed.The larva was then , released ona convenient Speckled Alder shrub.It would seen that, at least on some occasions,these larvae are not 100% carnivorous- perhaps the word "omnivorous"might be more appropriate in describingtheir diet.George BryantMore Trips...continued from pg. 11Field TripHigh Park, Toronto,July 9, 1995Intermittent light showers with briefperiods of sunshine, temperature about18°C, 17 members and friends in attendance(I learned later that a halfdozen waited in vain at the corner ofHigh Park Ave. and Bloor St. and neverdid join the group). A total of nine butterfliesspecies were seen:Northern Cloudy Wing (Thorybespylades) , a few; European Skipper(Thymelicus lineola), a few; NorthernBroken Dash (Wallengrenia egeremet), 1;Dun Skipper (Euphyes vestris), 1; CabbageWhite (pieris rapae), a few; StripedHairstreak (Satyrium lipaprops), 1 veryfresh (three other Hairstreaks weresighted but not netted for positive J.D. ­they appeared to be S. calanus or S.edwardsii); Eastern Tailed Blue (Everescomyntas), 1; Little Wood Satyr (Megistocymela), a few; Monarch (Danausplexippus) , no adults but 6 or 7 maturelarvae were found on Common Milkweed(Asclepias syriaca). Four species ofmoths were also seen (list from Paulcontinued on page 14...September, 1995No, it's not about catching insects! Thisis a regular column about the interestingplaces and information resourcesthat are available for bug people on theInternet -- and there are more being createdall the time. In future columns I'lldiscuss basics like obtaining an e-mailaddress, equipment needs, levels of access,and offer pointers to the most interestingplaces but in this inaugural columnI'll simply list all of the availablemail-lists which are specific to thosewith entomological interests.Mail-lists are the easiest part of the 'Net.Subscribing to a mail-list brings the individualmessages directly to your e-mailbox where you can read 'em, reply ornot (as the bug bites), save 'em for futurereference, or discard them. The bestdescription I can offer of a mail-list isthat it's like being at a party - there arenumerous conversations ("threads" innet-speak) all happening at once and youcan choose to enter into any of them.The biggest difference is that you can"hear" all of the conversations, notjustthe one you're involved in, so if somethingelse takes your fancy you can respondto it too. You can carry on multipleconversations at the same time! Oryou can just listen ("lurk" in netspeak)...If you have an e-mail address you cansubscribe to any (or al1!)of these maillists.Many thanks to L. B. Bjostad (ColoradoState University) andJ. K. VanDyk(Iowa State University) who compiledthis list of lists.ACAROLOGY: This list pertains to the Acari(mites and ticks). Subscribe by sendingSUBSCRIBE ACAROLOGY (in the text part ofthe message) to listserver@nhm.ac.uk.This command must NOT be sent to theThe InsectNETby Phil Schappert----------------------------~list address, acarology@nhm.ac.uk.Please remember NOT to add a signatureto your message. Leave the list by sendingUNSUBSCRIBE ACAROLOGY tolistserver@nhm.ac.uk. Send a HELP commandto listserver@nhm.ac.uk for informationon listserver commands. Thecontact person for the list is Dr. Zhi­Qiang Zhang (Z.Zhang@nhm.ac.ukl.ARACHNID: To subscribe, send a messageto majordomo@bga.com where JaneDoe is your real name and jdoe@anyplace.edu is your e-mail address.The first line of your message should .read SUBSCRIBE ARACHNID JANE DOEJDOE@ANYPLACE.EDU and the last line ofyour message should contain the singleword END.ARACHNOLOGY: To subscribe, send a messageto majordomo@ufsia.ac.be withSUBSCRIBE ARACHNOLOGY on one line andEND on the next line.BEE-L: This list provides a format for discussionof bee research and biology.Subjects include sociobiology, behavior,ecology, genetics, taxonomy, physiology,pollination, and many others. Thecontact person for the list is Mary JoOrzech (mjo@brock1p.bitnet). To subscribe,send an e-mail message tolistserv@uacscZ.albany.edu with bodytext consisting of SUBSCRIBE BEE-L JANE DOEwhere Jane Doe is your real name. Youwill receive further instructions fromthe listserver.BOMBUS: is dedicated to bumblebees. Tosubscribe, send a message to bombusrequest@csLuottawa.ca.To send a messageto everyone on the list, mail it tobombus@csLuottawa.ca. The Bombuslist is maintained by Chris Plowright(plowright@csLuottawa.ca).continued on next page...13

Ontario InsectsThe NeLcontinued from previous pageBUGNET: has been formed to meet theneed for a "non-professional" entomologymailing list, Le. to serve as a resourcefor teachers and bug enthusiaststo ask questions to professional entomologists.To subscribe, send an emailmessage to listproc@listproc.wsu.eduwith a blank subject line and body textconsisting of SUBSCRIBE BUGNET JOHN DOEwhere John Doe is your real name. Formessages to the subscribers, send tobugnet@listproc.wsu.edu.DPLEX-L: is for use by teachers, researchers,students and others interested in theMonarch Watch and/or monarch biology.Contact Julie Ellis at jellis@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu for more information.ENTNET: is maintained by the EntomologicalSociety of America, and automaticallyprovides weekly updates of the up-coming ESA Annual Meeting, completetexts of the table of contents of ESAjournalsthat won't be published until threemonths later, listings of articles tentativelyscheduled for journals that willnot be printed for another five or sixmonths, weekly electronic versions ofthe ESA Newsletter, and more. To subscribe,send a message to listmgr@entsoc.org with the single line SUB­SCRIBE ENTNET YOUR-REAL-NAME YOUR-EMAIL­ADDRESS.ENTOMO-L: is maintained at the Universityof Guelph in Canada, and pertainsto entomology in general. To join thelist, send an e-mail message with a blanksubject line to listserv@uoguelph.cawith the text as follows: SUBSCRIBEENTOMO-L YOUR-NAME (where your-nameis your real name). You will then receiveregular messages on entomological topics(usually about 5-10 per day) fromother members in the group.MOSQUITO-L: is for the discussion of topicsrelated to mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae). Send an e-mail message tomosquito-I-request@iastate.edu with theword SUBSCRIBE in the body of the message(subject field will be ignored). Ifyour e-mail program automatically addsyour signature to the end of your message,put the word END on a separateline after the word subscribe. Once youare subscribed to Mosquito-L, sendinga message to mosquito-l@iastate.eduwill send your message to all the subscribers.If you prefer a digest version,send a message to mosquito-I-digestrequest@iastate.eduin lieu of the above.The list is maintained by John VanDykUvandyk@iastate.edu) at Iowa StateUniversity.MOTH@GYPSY: is a listserver that is dedicatedto exchange of information aboutthe gypsy moth world-wide. You cancontinued on page 19...More Trips...continued from page 13McGaw): Sharp-lined Yellow (Sicymacularia); Chickweed Geometer(Haematopsis grataria); Large Lace-border(Scapula limboundata); GrapeLeaffolder (Desmia funeralis).~Field TripBranchton, July 23,1995Bill EdmondsWe woke up Sunday morning to pouringrain in Toronto. We quickly turnedon the weather channel to try to determinewhat the weather was like in Cambridge.Rain and thunderstorms wereforecast. What should we do? Thosewho were coming that day started tophone us to find out if the trip was onor not. We hemmed and hawed and thendecided to go on with the trip but tochange the starting time to 11 :30 insteadof our intended 9:30. When we left14Toronto it was raining, butas we nearedCambridge the rain stopped. By the timewe all met at Tim Horton's, it seemedthat the rain was gone, and by 4 pm thesky was a perfect blue.There were 9 of us -- Nancy and myself,Paul McGaw, Caroline King,Quimby Hess, Jim Spottiswood, JohnPrideaux, Chris Rickard, and CharlesHeller. We saw 34 species between 12and 5 (much less than the 44 speciesthat we saw last year), but the seasonhad been a bit odd. Branchton is an oldrailway line. The ties were removedsome years ago, and the pathway leftgoes through some different habitats,though not much forest. There are a fewpatches of boggy area that are home tomany species, including the sedge skippers.Paul and Caroline pursued themoths and identified 10 of them. Thefollowing is a list of what we saw:Alfalfa Sulphur (4); Cabbage Whites (10);Mustard White (6); Pearl Crescent (10);Question Mark (1); Great Spangled Fritillary(9); Bronze Copper (1); AcadianHairstreak (11 including 2 mating pairs);Coral Hairstreak (1); Banded Hairstreak(3); Striped Hairstreak (1); BroadwingSkipper (37); Black Dash (21); NorthernBroken Dash (1); Tawny Edged Skipper(2); Crossline Skipper (1); Silver SpottedSkipper (1); Peck's Skipper (1); Dun Skipper(3);Delaware Skipper (8); EuropeanSkipper (1); Dion Skipper (1 female);Common Sooty Wing (1); NorthernPearly Eye (2); Wood Nymph (4); EyedBrown (10 including one mating pair);Spring Azure (4); Eastern Tailed Blue (4);Viceroy (2); Monarch (5); AmericanPainted Lady (1); Baltimore (4); EasternBlack Swallowtail (3 + 1 larva on wildcarrot); Tiger Swallowtail (2)~Hummingbird Clearwing; ForageLooper; Large Lace Border; EuropeanCorn Borer; Slant lined Owlet; ConfusedEusarca; Helvibotys helvialis; CeleryLooper; Reversed Haploa; GrapeLeaffolder moth (Desmia funeralis)Michael van der PoortenSeptember, 1995

Ontario InsectsThe Bookworm ~The Ontario NaturalizedGarden: the complete guideto using native plantsby Lorraine Johnson (218pp.,B & Willustrations, 7~ x 91,4, Whitecap Books,(Toronto) Ltd. 1995, ISBN 1-55110-305­2, softcover, $18.95)For anyone gardening with native plantsor naturalizing their lawn or garden toattract birds, butterflies and other wildlife,this book is essential! If you arecontemplating the creation of a naturalwoodland, meadow, prairie, wetland orpond habitat, Ms. Johnson will guideyou there in a highly readable fashion.I particularly enjoyed the chapter on thehistory of our changing attitudes towards"weeds" and the following chapterabout that most dominant of NorthAmerican weeds, lawn grass!The most important section of the bookmay be the 75 + native plant listingswith information on each species, itsappearance, height, soil and light requirements,flower colour, habitat preferenceand even seed germination proceduresfor everything from Beardtongueto Woodland Sunflower.For those who are primarily interestedin attracting butterflies, moths or otherinsects I shall quote from the chapteron Attracting Wildlife: " ...native plantsare ideal for this purpose as they haveevolved over thousands of years in associationwith butterflies - the symbioticfit of butterfly mouth parts and correspondingnectar parts is truly incredible- and they have the perfumed nectarthat has been bred out of manyfaintly scented hybrids..."There is a useful list of nectar-produc-. ing native wildflowers and those whichattract specific butterfly species for egglaying,such as Turtlehead for the BaltimoreCheckerspot. The author has alsocompiled one of the most comprehensiveand useful resource sections I'veseen - more than 35 pages of books,magazines and organizations related toecology, naturalization, conservation,threatened species, plant propagationand, most importantly, a list of almost50 native plant sources to begin yourOntario naturalized garden!As an experienced native plant gardenerof over a decade, I can highly recommendthis book!Paul McGaw(Please note that Ms. Johnson will be ourspeaker for the November 25th meeting andthat she will have copies of her book forsale at that time - Ed. )Alberta Butterfliesby C.D. Bird, G.]. Hilchie, N. G. Kondla,E.M. Pike and F.A.H. Sperling (347pp.,numerous colourphotographs andillustrations,8lh x 11, The Provincial Museum ofAlberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 1995, ISBN0-7732-1672, hardcover, $44.95 + $4.36shipping in Canada + G.S. T. Availablefrom Federation of Alberta Naturalists,Box 1472, Edmonton, Alberta, T5J 2N5,403-453-8629, fax: 403-453-8553)This is a finely crafted publication whichis packaged in an attractive jacket illustratedbya colour plate of a Spring Azureas photographed by John Acorn, a wellknownAlberta Naturalist and TV natureshow producer and star, who is theauthor of the field guide, The Butter-flies of Alberta, published in 1993 byLone Pine Publishing of Edmonton,Alberta.Alberta Butterflies has eight chapters.Chapter 1has eight sections which coverButterfly Study in Alberta, BiographicalHistory of Butterfly Study in Alberta,Butterfly Habitat in Alberta, Evolution,Life History, Ecology, Behaviour, andButterfly Gardening in Alberta. Chapters2 through 8 are dedicated to eachbutterfly family that occurs in Alberta.There is also a checklist of Alberta Butterflies.I was particularly impressed with thephotographic identification keys providedfor each of the families. In myopinion these break new ground in theway that keys are presented. Each ofthe 176 species of butterflies recordedin the province is given complete andthorough coverage including colour illustrationsof the adults, the hostplants,an occurrence map and a North Americanrange map.The authors impress me as being moreup-to-date in their nomenclature thanany other similar publication that I amaware of. For example, they show theNorthern Pearl Crescent as Phyciodescocyta (Cramer)(1777) and clarified thedifferences between it and P. tharos.This book is recommended.Quimby F. HessMore Book Reviews on page 18...September, 199515

Ontario InsectsGraduate Student Research in Entomology:April 22, 1995 Symposium AbstractsFEMALE QUALITY AND MATE CHOICE IN THEFIELD CRICKET, GRYLLUS INTEGER. Allen D.MacDougall*, Anne-Marie Murray, and William H. Cade(Dept. of Biology, Brock University).Female crickets respond selectively to variations in speciesspecificmale calling songs. This selectivity has been shownto be age-dependent; older females are less choosy. HOWeever, female quality should also affect female selectivity. Theeffect of female quality on mate choice was examined inGryllus integer by comparing the phonotactic responses offemales on different diets and with different parasite loadsto various synthetic models of conspecific calling song. Testfemales were virgin, 11-14 days old, and had been maintainedon one of five diets varying in protein and fat content.Phonotaxis was quantified using a non-compensating Kugeltreadmill which generates vector scores incorporating thespeed and direction of movement of each female. Test femaleswere presented with four calling song models whichdiffered in pulse rate but were still within the natural rangeof the species for the experimental temperature. After testing,females were dissected and the number of gregarineparasites within the digestive tract counted.Females discriminated among song types preferring lower tohigher pulse rates. This selectivity was apparent in all dietarygroups and did not differ significantly among groups.Highly parasitized females preferred the extreme lower pulserate over the extreme higher pulse rate, irrespective of diettreatment. However, there was no significant relationshipbetween selectivity and the interaction between diet andparasite load on female phonotaxis. These results are discussedin terms of sexual selection and female mate choice.OLD GROWTH WHITE PINE -- ANT ASSOCIATIONS.Leigh Ann Walton* and Sandy Smith (Faculty of Forestry,University of Toronto)The ecology of ants in white pine (Pinus strobus) forests iscurrently being studied. The purpose of this study is to answerthree basic questions concerning the ecology of ants:(11 Is there a difference in ants between different regions inOntario? (2) Ifthe forest is old, are ants associated with whitepine different than those associated with other forest types?(3) Are there differences in ants between mature and overmaturewhite pine stands?A preliminary survey took place in July and August of 1994,using pitfall traps and baitboards as methods of sampling.Forty-five plots in three site regions of Ontario were selected,with approximately one third of the plots being over-mature("old-growth") white pine, one third being mature white pine,16and the remaining third being mature forests of other speciescomposition. Pitfall catches have been tabulated, andsignificant results have been found between location andlortype of forest, for various ant species.Using the preliminary study as a foundation, a more intensivestudy will take place during the summer of 1995. Antswill be looked at from an ecological slant. Ant colonies, andforaging patterns, in addition to species abundance and diversity,will be looked at.GENERALISTS VS. SPECIALISTS: THE EFFECT OFAGRICULTURAL VS. BOREAL FOREST ENVIRON­MENTS ON THE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OFSPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERACLEMENS) PARASITOIDS. Brad Henry* (Department ofEnvironmental Biology, University of GuelphlStudies in New Brunswick, the Gaspe-Ste. Lawrence regionof Quebec, Maine and Northern Ontario have delineated theparasitoid complex which attacks the spruce budworm in aboreal forest environment. To date, no study has examinedthe parasitoid complex in white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench)Voss., plantations in southern Ontario, or plantations in agriculturallandscapes. Several differences were found in therelative abundance of parasitoids collected. Specific parasitoids,Apanteles fumiferanae (Viers) and Glypta fumiferanae(VieLL which accounted for 15-30% and 10-15% of larvalmortality, respectively, in other regions, accounted for a combinedrate of less than 10% in the plantations. Itoplectisconquisitor (Say.), which attacks a variety of Lepidopteranhosts and accounts for 1-8% of pupal mortality in other regions,accounted for 23% of pupal mortality in the plantations.The concept of "generalist" parasitoids being moredominant than specific parasitoids will be discussed.POPULATION STRUCTURE OF A NON-RAINFORESTNEOTROPICAL BUTTERFLY~, EUPTOIETA HEGESIA(NYMPHALIDAE): HOSTPLANTS OR PREDATORS?Phil Schappert* and Joel Shore (Department of Biology, YorkUniversity, North YorklPopulation studies of non-rainforest tropical butterflies areunusually rare. A study of Euptoieta hegesia 1. (NymphalidaeLa coastal lowland species which utilizes a hostplant with discretepopulations, was undertaken to address two questions:1) How vagile is the butterfly population with respect to thediscrete nature of its primary hostplant populations? and 2)What factors limit the size of the butterfly population? Markrelease-recapture(MRR) studies, using a modified Bailey'sTriple Catch design, were conducted at one large and twosmall hostplant populations on the north coast of Jamaica.September 1995

Ontario InsectsAdditional data collected at the time of marking includedsex, age (ie. wing wear), forewing length, and wing damageand damage symmetry. A survey of available hostplants atthe large study site revealed that hosts were extremely under-utilized.Subsequent analysis of the MRR data showedthat females suffered significantly more damage than malesand that the damage sustained tended to be symmetrical suggestingthat ground-based predation of females may be a factorlimiting this species' population size. This suggestion is atodds with findings of studies on rainforest species showingthat host availability and aerial predators are important factorscontrolling butterfly population size.THE USE OF TERMITES FOR THE BIOCONVERSIONOF LIGNOCELLULOSE AND AGRICULTURALWASTES TO ANIMAL BIOMASS. Ralph Toninger* (UrbanEntomology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto)As our population continues to grow two important considerationsarise: the increase in the amount of waste produced,and the increased demand on our food production systems.The utilization of termites for the bioconversion of waste lignocelluloseis able to address both these problems. Thereforethe objective of the proposed research, is to assess the feasibility,and develop a protocol for termite mediated bioconversionof lignocellulosic wastes to animal biomass. The proposalis centered around five points: 1. humanity produceshuge amounts of lignocellulosic waste, 2. termites are able toefficiently convert lignocellulosic material to animal biomass,3. a termite production system can potentially reduce theamount of lignocellulosic wastes needing disposal, 4. the productionsystem may generate useful byproducts, and 5. theresulting termite biomass can potentially be utilized as a foodsource for aquiculture.SPERMATHECAL CHAMBER AND COLONY SIZEVARIATION IN HALICTID BEES. Noel Pabalan* andLaurence Packer (Department of Biology, York University,North York)Spermathecal chamber size, expressed as CVI, and colonysize were compared among halictine bees ranging from solitaryto primitively eusocial species using phylogenetic independentcontrasts. The hypothesis that chamber size increaseswith eusociality was tested. Extant phylogeneis based onallozyme data, social behaviour and nest architecture wereused to map data of the two characters. Comparison of 14species in two genera and five subgenera of halictine beesresulted in seven independent contrasts, three for Halictusand four for Lasioglossum, the latter genus showing a greaterrange in CVI and colony size than the former. There was asignificant tendency for elevation in CVI to be associatedwith increases in colony size, and vice versa. This positivecorrelation rejects the hypothesis that the species level correlationis wholly due to phylogenetic similarity in these twocharacters.September, 1995Spiders! At the R.O.M.An exhibition about spidersspins through the RoyalOntario Museum from October22,1995throughJanuary14,1996. Live spiders, freezedriedspiders in simulated settings,models, videos, interactivegames and photographsset the facts straight aboutthese often misunderstoodcreatures. Organized by theSmithsonian Institution's NationalMuseum of NaturalHistory, this traveling exhibitionmakes its only Canadianstop at the ROM.Spiders! addresses a web-full of topics such as how thesecreatures protect themselves through camouflage, reproducethe next generation of spiderlings, use poison to capture prey,and develop different web-weaving strategies. The show alsoexplores the many ways spiders have influenced humansthrough myths and popular culture and how they benefit theenvironment.Visitors will enjoy weaving their way through the section oncomplex courtship rituals. A series of interactive displays helpchildren experience for themselves what life on the line islike. One display uses a system of vibratory cords to duplicatewhat a spider feels when an insect lands on its web. Thecords duplicate the hairs spiders use as sensory organs insteadof their generally nearsighted eyes. An interactive computergame allows kids to weave their own webs.The show also reveals how spiders have been portrayed indifferent cultures such as Navajo legends, Korean myths,Afro-American folktales and The Holy Scriptures accordingto the Masoretic Text."In addition to the sheer awe and wonder of the remarkablelives of spiders, visitors will also leave the exhibition with amuch better appreciation of the important roles spiders playin all terrestrial ecosystems," says ROM Entomologist Dr.Chris Darling. "Most spiders are predators -- feeding on insectsand other arthropods -- and they in turn are the food forlarger insects, lizards, frogs, birds and mammals. But becausethey are generally small and secretive, spiders essential rolesin structuring food chains often goes unnoticed."Spiders! is included with Museum admission which is $8for adults; $4 for seniors, students, and children; and $16 forfamily groups. For 24-hour information in English and French,call (416) 586-8000.17

Ontario InsectsBook RevieWS...continued from page 15Broadsides from the OtherOrders: a book of bugsby Sue Hubbell. 1993. Random House ofCanada Limited, Toronto. xx +276 pageswith black &white illustrations by DimitrySchidlovsky. Hardbound. ISBN 0-679­40062-1. ($29.00 in Canada).The author was a bookstore managerand librarian before becoming a beekeeper,which she has called "farmingfor intellectuals", and has written twoprevious volumes entitled "A CountryYear" and"A Book of Bees". The chaptersin the current work each deal withone or more members of a particularinsect order, for example, the chapteron the order Coleoptera deals with Ladybugs.Each chapter is a mixture ofscientific fact and anecdotes on the subject.The ladybug chapter, for instance,contains a great deal of information onthe "ladybug business" in the UnitedStates - ladybug hunting and harvesting,processing and marketing across thecountry. The chapter ends with a waitressin a Sacramento restaurant askingthe author what she was doing in town.On being told she was taking in the ladybugharvest in the mountains, thewaitress said "Oooh, Ladybugs, I justlove to see 'em in my garden. What arethey supposed to do anyway?"Alan]. HanksBugs in the System:insects and their impact onhuman affairsby May R. Berenbaum. 1995. Addison­Wesley Publishing Company. xiii +377pages witha few black &white illustrations.Hardbound. ISBN0-201-62499-0. ($31.95in Canada).The author is currently Head of theEntomology Department at the Universityof Illinois and was elected in 1994to the National Academy of Sciences,the highest honour that the U.S. canbestow on an American scientist. Shehas written an extremely interestingbook covering many aspects of the insectworld and the impact of insects onhumanity. There are chapters on classification,physiology, behaviour, sociallives, eating insects, parasites, insectsandpeople and appreciating insects. Thelatter chapter contains sections on "bugson the big screen" and "collecting insectsfor fun and profit". Most of thechapters and subsections are prefacedby quotes from literature which I foundmost enlightening. There is a great dealof historical information and each chapterhas a list of references, which areextremely useful for anyone wishing topursue a particular aspect of insectbehaviour.Alan]. Hanks~The EntomologicalSociety of Ontario132nd Annual General Meeting:Biotechnology, Biodiversity andBiocontrolSeptember 22-24, 1995Holiday InnMarket Square350 Dalhousie StreetOttawa, OntarioContact Dr. Jean Hollebone (Chairl at613-952·8000, ext. 4316 for further info.Why not consider joining the E.S.O. ,it's free for amateurs, $10 for studentsand $20 for professionals. For an applicationand more information, contact:D. Barry Lyons, Secretary, E.S.O.,P.O. Box 490, 1219 Queen St. E.,Natural Resources Canada, CanadianForest Service - Ontario Region,Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.,P6A 5M7,705-949-9461, Fax: 705-759-5700.Are you an Odonata watcher? Ifyou'vegot records for Odonata in Ontario forthe past year (or before even!) thenplease send them to Bob Bowles at:374 Grenville Ave., OriIlia, Ontario,L3V 7P7, phone/fax: 705-325-3149What's thelbest way to prevent infectionscaused by biting insects?Don't bite any insects!We need your artworklSubmission deadlines for the comingJanuary and May issues of Ontario Insectsare Dec. 15, 1995 and April 15,1996 respectively.18September, 1995

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Ontario InsectsTEA Public Relations and Education Activities Report '95Over the past season the TEA has takenadvantage of a number of opportunitiesto educate members of the general publicabout, and to generally promote, insects.Of course, doing so not only servesto promote entomology to those who aremost in need of a change in viewpoint,it also publicizes the club, gets our nameout there so that people know that theorganization exists (you might be surprisedhow often I meet people with aprofessed love of insects who havenever heard of the TEA) and allows usto recruit new members. I'd especiallylike to thank the volunteers who participatedin these activities on behalf ofthe TEA -without them our Associationwould be much poorer - Don Davis,John Eberlie, Alan & Barbara Hanks,Quimby Hess, Tony Holmes (who builtdisplay boards for the club in time forthe FON Conference), Carolyn King,Paul McGaw, Michael & Nancy van derPoorten, Pat Schappert, and RichardTanner. Thank you, all!Wildlife: Yours to RecoverKortright Centre, April 9, 1995Pat & I manned the table at this one.Kortright loaned us a self-contained slideprojector on which we showed variousand sundry insects from the collectionsof Alan Hanks and myself. Half of myentomology library and my one and onlydrawer of insects made the trip - thespecimens and slides were a big hit withthe kids.National Wildlife Week atthe Royal Ontario MuseumR.O.M., Toronto, April 14·16, 1995The whole crew managed this one sinceit covered an entire weekend, Good Fridaythrough Easter Sunday. Our tablewas upstairs with the Flying Coloursexhibit and the other wildlife groups(Herps., Birds and Bats, respectively).Part of Alan's educational collection(matched specimens of Ontario butter-flies which show the upper and underside of the wingsI was on show, alongwith the slide show we'd used the previousweekend (Thanks to the ROM forproviding a self-contained slide projector).Once again the kids made the wholething worthwhile - there's nothing likethe look on the face of a child when theysee insects (it's a pity, for the most part,that they have parents).Federation of OntarioNaturalists Annual GeneralMeeting and ConferenceTrent University, Peterborough, May26·28,1995Don Davis picked up, transported, andset-up the display panels that had beenmade by Tony Holmes. Both Don andthen John Eberlie manned the table forawhile, John complete with live summerbreeding stock. Don also dismantledand transported the displayback from Peterborough. Thanks guys!The History of Butterfliesand MothsBramalea City Centre, Brampton,May 29 . june24, 1995This was a "travelling" exhibit of specimensfrom the John Powers "FlyingJewels" collection together with posterboards from the Eyewitness Book "Butterflyand Moth". Sponsored by theBramalea City Centre Merchants' Associationand Stoddart Publishing, Alanand I were hired to act as "experts" onweekends during the exhibit. It was amassive display - eight display cabinetsof beautiful specimens (each with 2 to 4display drawers of specimens) and 18large display panels - spread out alongthe main mall. I even got to appear on"Breakfast Television" with CITY-TV'slovely (and talented) Ann Rohmer! Thiswas a paying gig (I guess this makes usprofessionals, eh?!), and Alan and I havedonated $109.00 from our earnings tothe TEA. Thanks to Dan Stuckey atKortright for passing along the informationabout this exhibit.Bugs are BeautifulBronte Creek Provincial Park,Oakville, JUly 22·23, 1995We were contacted by the naturalist atBronte Ck. Provo Pk. about this weekendwhile Alan was away on holidays.Thanks to Cathy Hanks, I found outabout it, however, it was too late to arrangea display. In lieu of a display, theTEA donated a copy of The OntarioButterfly Atlas, as well as the past twoyears' Summaries, to the Park. Maybenext year...Phil SchappertBeautiful Butterflies atScanlon CreekScanlon Creek Conservation Area,Aug. 11,1995On August 11th, Richard Tanner and Igave a combined field walk and slideshow on the butterflies of Ontario at theScanlon Creek Conservation Area justnorth of Bradford. Unfortunately, theprogram was scheduled to begin at 7p.m. and only one butterfly, an InornateRinglet, was caught by Alan to show tothe participants. However, the slidesand commentary which Richard hadprepared were well received by the audience.Thebuilding was not air conditioned,and it was very hot, despite this,many of the audience stayed after theslides and posed questions to the two"experts". Refreshments were providedby local volunteers, and the cool softdrinks were very popular. This rewardingexperience might benefit from somepublicity to encourage other conservationareas to put on similar programs.Alan Hanks20September, 1995

DonIt Bug Me!Puzzles, etc. '\Jr./@..The compiler is one.How skippers fly.A margin of butterfly's hindwing.Part of a moth's forewing.Ancient carriages or Euphydryasin plural.Actor's tip or billiard_.A digger in the kitchen.This instar may provide usefulevolutionary information.Legumes eaten by many larvae.A South American mammal.Species of showy Ontario moth.1 sp. butterfly genus in Ontario.Certain lepidopteran wing veins.Nymph. common name...or cats.This month by John Eberlie ~(Answer next issuel1. Immature lepidoptera.2. Ditto.3. An extinct bird.4. The soul (Gr.) or symbol of the butterfly5. Genus of coppers.6. Descriptive of volcanic rock.7. Type of bird that eats larvae.11. Young of 19 across.12. State of notorious beetle fame.14. Openness.15. A wetland habitat.16. Cheerful.17. Old name of butterfly genus.18. __fly,Odonata.21. Customary practice.22. Species of holarctic blue.Notice to ContributorsInstructionsto AuthorsContributions to Ontario Insects mayaddress any subject or aspect related toentomological study. Research papers,feature articles, notes or short communications,book reviews, original artwork,puzzles, guest columns, opinionsand miscellaneous notes are acceptable.Research papers may include originalresearch or scholarly reviews that followthe acceptable format of a similarcontent journal leg: Introduction, Materialsand Methods, Results, Discussion,Summary). Feature articles shouldbe both informative & entertaining, thusformat is left up to the author. Notes orshort communications may be observational,historical, review or experimentalstudies which do not fall under thepurvue of research papers. Book reviewsshould be of titles publishedwithin the last three years. Puzzlesshould be original. Guest columns forEntomophilia may encompass any subjectrelated to the love of insects. Opinionsmay take the form of letters to theeditor, feature articles, or short communications.Miscellaneous notes encompassany other submission. Original artworkshould be line drawings in penandink or a good photocopy of colour works.Ontario Insects is produced on a PC.Text editing is done in Ami Pro 3.0,graphics are scanned or obtained fromlicensed CD-ROM collections and editedin CorelDRAW 3.0 with final page layoutin PageMaker 4.0. The original isprinted on a 600 dpi laser printer.Any submissions are encouraged, however,submissions of articles and/or artworkon disk (any format) would bewelcome. Submissions via e-mail arealso welcome. Please forward all submissionsand questions to the editors(see inside cover for addresses). Thereare no page charges, however, submissionsfrom non-members will require amembership purchase prior to publication.Offprints are available at cost +10% + postage.

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