Tri-Service Remedial Project Manager's Guide for Ecological Risk ...

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(&2/2*,&$/5,6.$66(660(17²7+('(7$,/6This section describes the phases of the ERA in greater detail, emphasizing what theRPM should expect from the risk assessor throughout the ERA process. 3ODQQLQJOnce it is decided to move forward with the ERA, the RPM must decide what isnecessary for completion of the assessment. This is accomplished through discussions amongthe RPM, risk assessor, risk manager, stakeholders, regulators and others involved in thedecision process. Management Goals (i.e., what we are trying to protect) should be clearlydefined. Goals should be achievable within the constraints of available resources and theuncertainties of the analyses. The following list will help make planning decisions.l What management decision will the risk assessment support (i.e., is cleanupnecessary for a contaminated site)?l What are the time and budgetary constraints for performing an ERA?l What types and how many studies will be performed?l What level of acceptable uncertainty allows a risk management decision to bemade?l What are the reference conditions (Section 4.3.4) against which possible adverseeffects will be compared?Good planning is critical to the success of the ERA. An initial site visit should beconducted to establish a working knowledge of the site to assist in Problem Formulation. Achecklist for the site visit is given in Appendix B of Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance forSuperfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments [4]. Strengthsand weaknesses of ERA case studies originate, in large part, from decisions made during thepreliminary planning stage.3UREOHP)RUPXODWLRQ6WUHVVRU&KDUDFWHULVWLFVKnown chemical and physical properties of contaminants at the site must be identifiedand characterized. The risk assessor must also describe potential chemical, physical, andbiological stressors that may interact with the contaminants, or mimic symptoms of thecontamination. These stressors may occur naturally, such as fish parasites or naturally highlevels of metals in the soil, or be the result of human activities such as soil compaction bytracked vehicles. The distribution in space and time, and potential interaction of these stressorsshould be described. Information collected about stressor characteristics in Tier 1 shouldinclude:l The environmental fate and toxicity of chemical stressors (contaminants). Suchinformation may be obtained from databases (Appendix D). Site records, installationassessments, and reports on chemical storage, use, and distribution20
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