illustrations of masonry by william preston - Lodge Prudentia

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Illustrations of Masonry – by William Prestonthem, or see them wronged, but apprise them of approaching danger, and view theirinterest as inseparable from your own.Such is the nature of your engagements as a Craftsman; and these duties you are nowbound to observe by the most sacred ties.]THE SECOND SECTION.The Second Section of this Degree presents an ample field for the man of genius toperambulate. It cursorily specifies the particular classes of the Order, and explains therequisite qualifications for preferment in each. In the explanation of our usages, manyremarks are introduced, which are equally useful to the experienced artist and the sagemoralist. The various operations of the mind are demonstrated, as far as they will admit ofelucidation, and a fund of extensive science is explored throughout. Here we findemployment for leisure hours; trace science from its original source; and, by drawing theattention to the sum of perfection, contemplate with admiration the wonderful works of theCreator. Geometry is displayed, with all its powers and properties; and in the disquisitionof this science, the mind is filled with rapture and delight. Such is the latitude of thisSection, that the most judicious may fail in an attempt to explain it; the rational powersbeing exerted to their utmost stretch in illustrating the beauties of nature, anddemonstrating the more important truths of morality.As the orders of architecture come under consideration in this Section, the following briefdescription of them may not be improper:By order, in architecture, is meant a system of the members, proportions, and ornaments ofcolumns and pilasters; or, it is a regular arrangement of the projecting parts of a building,which, united with those of a column, form a beautiful, perfect, and complete whole. Orderin architecture may be traced from the first formation of society. When the rigour ofseasons obliged men to contrive shelter from the inclemency of the weather, we learn thatthey first planted trees on end, and then laid others across, to support a covering. The bandswhich connected those trees at top and bottom, are said to have suggested the idea of thebase and capital of pillars; and from this simple hint originally proceeded the moreimproved art of architecture.The five orders are thus classed: the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite.The Tuscan is the most simple and solid of the five orders. It was invented in Tuscany,whence it derives its name. Its column is seven diameters high; and its capital, base, andentablature, have but few mouldings. The simplicity of the construction of this columnrenders it eligible where solidity is the chief object, and where ornament would besuperfluous.The Doric order, which is plain and natural, is the most ancient, and was invented by theGreeks. Its column is eight diameters high, and it has seldom any ornaments on base orcapital, except mouldings; though the frieze is distinguished by triglyphs and metopes, andthe triglyphs compose the ornaments of the frieze. The solid composition of this ordergives it a preference in structures where strength and a noble but rough simplicity arechiefly required.Page 40 of 248
Illustrations of Masonry – by William PrestonThe Doric is the best proportioned of all the orders. The several parts of which it iscomposed are founded on the natural position of solid bodies. In its first invention it wasmore simple than in its present state. In after-times, when it began to be adorned, it gainedthe name of Doric; for when it was constructed in its primitive and simple form the nameof Tuscan was conferred on it. Hence the Tuscan precedes the Doric in rank on account ofthe resemblance to that pillar in its original state.The Ionic bears a kind of mean proportion between the more solid and delicate orders. Itscolumn is nine diameters high; its capital is adorned with volutes, and its cornice hasdentiles. There is both delicacy and ingenuity displayed in this pillar; the invention ofwhich is attributed to the Ionians, as the famous temple of Diana at Ephesus was of thisorder. It is said to have been formed after the model of an agreeable young woman, of anelegant shape, dressed in her hair; as a contrast to the Doric order, which was formed afterthat of a strong robust man.The Corinthian, the richest of the five orders, is deemed a master-piece of art, and wasinvented at Corinth by Callimachus. Its column is ten diameters high, and its capital isadorned with two rows of leaves and eight volutes, which sustain the abacus. The frieze isornamented with curious devices, and the cornice with denticles and modillions. This orderis used in stately and superb structures.Callimachus is said to have taken the hint of the capital of this pillar from the followingremarkable circumstance: — Accidentally passing by the tomb of a young lady, heperceived a basket of toys, covered with a tile placed over an acanthus root, having beenleft there by her nurse. As the branches grew up, they encompassed the basket, till, arrivingat the tile they met with an obstruction, and bent downwards. Callimachus, struck with theobject, set about imitating the figure; the vase of the capital he made to represent thebasket; the abacus the tile; and the volutes, the bending leaves.The Composite is compounded of the other orders, and was contrived by the Romans. Itscapital has the two rows of leaves of the Corinthian, and the volutes of the Ionic. Itscolumn has the quarter-round as the Tuscan and Doric orders, is ten diameters high, and itscornice has denticles or simple modillions. This pillar is generally found in buildingswhere strength, elegance, and beauty, are united.The original orders of architecture were no more than three; the Doric, Ionic, andCorinthian. To these the Romans added two: the Tuscan, which they made plainer than theDoric; and the Composite, which was more ornamental, if not more beautiful than theCorinthian. The first three orders alone show invention and particular character, andessentially differ from each other; the two others have nothing but what is borrowed, anddiffer only accidentally; the Tuscan is the Doric in its earliest state; and the Composite isthe Corinthian enriched with the Ionic. To the Greeks, and not to the Romans, we areindebted for what is great, judicious, and distinct, in architecture.These observations are intended to induce the industrious craftsman to pursue hisresearches into the rise and progress of architecture, by consulting the works of the bestwriters on the subject.An analysis of the human faculties is also given in this Section, in which the five externalsenses particularly claim attention. When these topics are proposed in our assemblies, wePage 41 of 248
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Antiquity's prideWe have on our sid
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Sweet Friendship tooHer smiles with
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SONG XXX.Illustrations of Masonry -
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for less than seaven years. And tha
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who first took down the examination
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other angels, to the number of thre
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That when the Master and Wardens me
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it cannot derogate from the honour
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16th October 1646.' In another plac
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EUROPAMHONORES OCCUPAVERATNOMEN LAT
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cxxiiThe particulars of this part o
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