Asia-Pacific & Eastern-Europe NAMA Workshop Report.pdf

Report on the UNFCCCAsia-Pacific and Eastern Europeregional workshop on NAMAsContentsPageA. Opening.....................................................................................................................................................2B. Current state of NAMA preparation and implementation.........................................................................2C. Challenges in the preparation and implementation of NAMAs................................................................2D. The future agenda of NAMAs...................................................................................................................3E. Financing1. NAMA Marketplace.........................................................................................................................32. Attracting private investment through NAMAs: the role of risk, return and policy design.............6F. Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV).....................................................................................61. MRV of developing country actions...................................................................................................72. Transformational change and sustainable development impact assessment....................................................7G. The UNFCCC NAMA Registry................................................................................................................................8H. Closing......................................................................................................................................................................9Summary of the workshop proceedingsThe regional workshop held in Bonn, Germany, 12-14 June 2015 brought together mitigation experts fromacross Asia Pacific and Eastern Europe and representatives from international organizations, including theprivate sector, to discuss various aspects of NAMA development and implementation.During the course of the three days around 67 participants engaged in discussions on the future agenda forNAMAs; support needed to coordinate the development and implementation of NAMAs; financialengineering, including investment strategies for multi-source financing; Measurement, Reportingand Verification (MRV) of NAMAs, including sustainable development co-benefits and the roleof the NAMA registry in facilitating the implementation of NAMAs. Furthermore, bilateral andmultilateral agencies updated participants on their support programmes. Countries also had anopportunity to initiate dialogue with international organizations on potential supportopportunities for the implementation of their NAMAs.

A. OpeningThe workshop was opened by Mr William KojoAgyemang-Bonsu, UNFCCC secretariat, who thanked theparticipants for their attendance. He then handed over to MrDonald Cooper, also from the UNFCCC secretariat, whodelivered the keynote address.Mr Cooper stated that NAMAs had become a part of theinstitution and were no longer a “special one-off thing”, butrather part of the national and global picture that all wereaspiring to and at the national level can help indicate wherenational priorities lie in the short term. Mr Cooper came toan end by stressing that the role of the workshopparticipants in deciding how they would use NAMAs wascritical at this time. As he put it, “it is not whether or notNAMAs are a part of the mix, which is past, the story ishow do NAMAs evolve to play their core role in the processgoing forward.”The floor was then handed over to Ms Tshering Sherpa,UNFCCC secretariat, to provide an overview of theworkshop objectives. Ms Sherpa stated that this was thefourth round of regional workshops on NAMAs andoutlined the ultimate objective being to facilitate theimplementation of NAMAs on the ground. To that end, in2015 the secretariat initiated the organization of NAMAMarket Place sessions to provide a platform for countrieswith NAMAs that are ready for implementation topresent to a panel of public and private investors. Shestressed that these regional workshops provided capacitybuilding opportunities for developingcountries to take green growthpathways through shared learningand discussion. She then outlined theagenda for the three days.B. Current state of NAMApreparation and implementationMr Steve Winkelman, Center for Clean Air Policy(CCAP), presented an overview of CCAP’s work andalso an update on NAMAs in preparation andimplementation. He pointed out that Latin Americancountries are leading the way in terms of the quantityof NAMAs under preparation and implementation. Healso stressed the important role that climate financecan play to catalyze the implementation of NAMAs,citing the NAMA Facility and the Green Climate Fundas sources.During the discussion, participants soughtsuggestions on ways to secure funds/support forNAMAs in their respective country. In response, Mr.Winkelman stressed the following key approaches thatmight help secure financing for NAMAs: demonstratenational ownership and buy-in for actions; embedNAMAs into national development goals and existingplan and programs; reform/adjust policy andinstitutional arrangements and devise innovativefinancial mechanisms to attract public and privateinvestment.C. Challenges in the preparation andimplementation of NAMAsThrough two breakout sessions participants had theopportunity to identify and discuss major challenges thathinder the effective preparation and implementation ofNAMAs and ways of overcoming them.(i) Representatives of UNDP and the Climate TechnologyCentre and Network (CTCN) moderated the first breakoutsession centered on NAMA preparation challenges. To setthe background for the discussion, both representativeshighlighted their ongoing support activities for thepreparation of NAMAs. It was announced that the CTCNis going to select 20-30 NAMAs, which have beenregistered in the NAMA registry, to provide technicalassistance for their preparation. Participants were thereforestrongly encouraged to record their NAMAs.Participants identified multiple challenges including:setting up appropriate institutional arrangements/structures;ensuring national finance contributions which couldleverage international finance; measurement, reporting andverification (MRV) and the capacity building of majorstakeholders.

(ii) The second break out session of the workshop,facilitated by a representative of the Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) focussed on thechallenges NAMA practitioners face duringimplementation as well as possible solutions. Here it wasstressed that government policies that attract private sectoror corporates to lead on financing are critical to successfulimplementation. It was highlighted that some countries arestruggling to move their NAMAs to the implementationphase due to lack of policy reforms and lack ofinstitutional coordination and knowledge transfer. Theparticipants also added MRV of mitigation action asanother significant challenge, while acknowledging that arobust credible MRV system can also attract internationalsupport.D. The future agenda of NAMAsMr Heiner Von Luepke, from GIZ delivered a presentationon the link between NAMAs and Intended NationallyDetermined Contributions (INDCs) and how NAMAscould be a useful instrument contributing to INDCimplementation.Mr Von Luepke stressed that INDCs and NAMAs areclosely linked as both are mitigation concepts centeredon national circumstances and development priorities. Hefurther elaborated that INDCs are also required to present aprogression beyond current mitigation efforts.Additionally, INDCs typically contain differentinformation such as: target types (absolute target againstbase year, target relative to a business as usual scenario) aswell as adaptation aspects and the planning process.After presenting the current state of affairs on both NAMAsand INDCs, the GIZ representative spoke about linkagesbetween NAMAs and INDCs. He suggested that bringingthese two concepts successfully together will help form acoherent mitigation strategy for a country where NAMAsoffer a useful tool to help implement INDCs. He elaboratedthat this is particularly true when the technical work andcapacity enhancement, already undertaken in the design ofNAMAs, is utilized to benefit INDCs. Yet effectivelylinking the two mechanisms will require harmonizingmethodologies and timelines, he said. In conclusion Mr VonLuepke stated that in the post-2020 period with a globalclimate change agreement applicable to all Parties andINDCs clearly playing a major role, NAMAs should remainan integral part of the climate action planning process.role to play in implementing mitigation actions. Heemphasized that the private sector is willing to get involvedwhen national governments and the international climateregime create an enabling policy framework, ensuring anintegrated and reliable carbon market and creating suitablemechanisms to manage associated risks.2. Financing1. NAMA Market PlaceThe NAMA Market Place was organized to facilitate theimplementation of NAMAs from Armenia, Albania, theCook Islands, Georgia and Malaysia. The sessionprovided a platform for countries to present their NAMAsto a panel of public and private donors/investors. Thepanelists included experts representing the World Bank,NAMA Facility, Swedish Energy Agency, South PoleGroup, Mitsui Group and the Centre for Clean Air Policy(CCAP).The aforementioned five countries presented their NAMAsand after commending work put into the NAMA design,the panelists provided feedback as to whether theirorganizations would be interested in providing support,what countries could do to make their NAMAs moreattractive to investors and suggested other public/privateinvestors who could potentially be interested.Three of the NAMAs presented were in the building sectorwith the other two from the energy and land use sectors.Countries presented in alphabetical order.Mr Takashi Hongo, of the Mitsui Global Strategic StudiesInstitute, noted that the private sector has a very important

Armenia:Energy efficient public buildingand housingThis NAMA has been developed in thecontext of national policies whichprioritize reduction of emissions byinvesting in energy efficiency inbuildings. The regulatory frameworkprovides support through laws and building codes, amongothers elements.The NAMA will focus on new construction and renovationof public buildings, as well as theirmaintenance/management, and set standards as per EUenergy efficiency policies. The NAMA is also expectedto secure the necessary market transformation by creatingnew green jobs and also have an indirect impact onimproving energy efficiency of private buildings. It willaddress the main barriers by providing regulatoryenforcement, as well as financial and capacity buildingsupport. It has three components: (i) Investment grants tocover (initial) incremental costs. (ii) New investment forenergy efficient rehabilitation for public buildings. (iii)Technical support and capacity building to support thefirst two components.Feed-back from panelists:Panelists suggested the following information to make theNAMA more attractive to donors:• Specify energy efficiency measures/standards to beimplemented;• Include more detailed information on institutionalarrangements, including for coordination of differentactors involved in implementation;• More clarity on the financial mechanism, includingdomestic resources, funds expected from internationalsources and information on how public resources willbe used to leverage private sector investment;• More clarity on whether funding is needed to enforceexisting law or whether it is needed to go beyond whatis currently stipulated;• Specify type of support needed; is it a loan to be paidback? A good financial model is needed for a NAMAlike this as mitigation measures in building sector areprofitable;• Provide, to the extent possible, quantitative data onco-benefits such as the number of households/peopleexpected to benefit;• Provide information on approaches used in defining thebaseline; and• Supply information on specific barriers; how the policyinterventions are aimed at overcoming them and whatincentives are in place.Albania:Financial Mechanism forenergy efficiency in buildingsThis NAMA has been developed to support implementationof the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) inresidential, public and commercial buildings. The NAMAconsists of four parts: (i) The creation of an EnergyEfficiency Fund. (ii) Conducting outreach and creatingawareness. (iii) Technical and capacity building support.(iv) Improved building management and operation.NEEAP was adopted in 2010 but is yet to be implemented.This NAMA was developed to facilitate its implementation.The NAMA will address challenges Albania faces suchas lack of a legal framework (law on energy performancein buildings will be put in place), lack of awareness andnecessary skills among local financing institutions aboutinvestment in energy efficiency and lack of familiarity withthe Energy Service Company (ESCO) concept. Whenimplemented, in addition to emission reductions, thisNAMA is expected to result in a number of sustainabledevelopment co-benefits such as reducing energy costsfor private households and businesses,increase of real estate value, increasedeconomic competitiveness, reducedpublic budget for energy costs, amongothers.Feed-back from panelists:Feedback from panelists consisted of the following;• Would be useful to include information on linksbetween the barriers and proposed actions;• Requires clarity on financing sources, i.e. whatproportion of the proposed budget is expected to derivefrom international sources or from the domestic budgetand what will their respective achievements be? Itwould also be worth exploring increasing the share ofprivate sector participation through additionalincentives/mechanisms;• Include quantification of sustainable developmentbenefits, to the extent possible and the methodologyused for baseline calculations.• Demonstration of transparent use of funds, given thenumber of actors involved, would also be as important

as MRV of emissions reduction; and• Lack of a regulatory framework entails the risk of theNAMA not being implemented or its inability toenforce energy efficiency standards.Cook Island:Renewable energyThe Cook Islands has an ambitious plan to be fossil fuelindependent for electricity generation by 2020 and to thatend expects to obtain 50% of their electricity needs fromrenewable sources by 2015 and 100% by 2020. They alsoplan to be fossil fuel independent in the domestic transportsector by 2030. These initiatives are at the heart of thenational policy framework and the existing national fundingmechanism, compliant with donor requirements, isexpected to be utilized. There is limited scope for theengagement of the private sector in energy NAMAs but atransport NAMA is expected to be private sector ownedand operated.Feed-back from panelists:Panelists fed-back the following;• It would be interesting to note theamount offinancing expected from international supportcompared to domestic resources; and• It was recommended that the Cook Islands considerlinking the NAMA with the voluntary carbon market inorder to attract some international financing.Georgia:Low-carbonbuildingThis NAMA envisions a coordinated approach to thedevelopment of the low-carbon building sector with activestakeholder engagement. The NAMA aims to promote anddevelop low emission public building through piloting newmarket mechanisms such as ESCO, with an up-scalingincentive for the residential sector. Activitiesinclude; promoting installation ofbuilding-integrated small scale renewables, improvedaccess to finance for low-carbon building construction,improved energy efficiency and transforming thenational market. It is expected that the public buildingsector can expect 25% emissions reduction through refurbishmentof state-owned building during the first phase.Feed-back from panelists:• Panelists commended Georgia for overcoming legalbarriers with legal counter-measures rather than simplyusing public funds.Some specific suggestions were;• To look into the experience of the Czech Republic andPoland where ESCOs have been used to promoteenergy efficiency; and• To consider using public finance for public buildingsand ESCOs for commercial buildings and to extend theESCO model to residential buildings after 2020.Malaysia:Avoided Emissions fromPeat Swamp ForestManagement and CentralForest Spine EcologicalConnectivity in South East PahangThis NAMA aims to address climate change in the short tomedium term by avoiding emissions being released inspecified territories and in the longer term throughcarbon sequestration. It is integrated into Pahang State’sgreen economy agenda and into the State’s sectoral andcross-sectoral plans and programmes. The financialmechanism takes into account financing needed both duringthe NAMA and in the post-project phase and entailssubstantial contributions from the national government, useof results based REDD financing and additional NAMAfinancing. Additional international financing is sought toestablish a state-level trust fund and capacitybuilding for relevant stakeholders.Feed-back from panelists:• Consider using the jurisdictional REDD+ approach(can adopt the approach used by some Latin Americancountries). It will be a good idea to adopt this approachacross the country and consider selling the credit todifferent donors;• Mitigation actions in forest conservation face aproblem with ‘leakage’; once you remove loggers fromone area, they may move to another area therefore it isimportant to consider appropriate safeguards; and• Critical to have in place a comprehensive plan toalleviate impact on the livelihoods of people living onthe land proposed for the project.

F. Measurement, Reporting andVerification (MRV)This session provided participants with an overview ofMRV requirements for developing country Parties underthe Climate Change Convention. Furthermore, ithighlighted where countries were in terms of establishingdomestic MRV systems and the important lessons learnedso far.2. Attracting private investment through NAMAs:the role of risk, return and policy designMr Tobias Schmidt, ETH University Zurich, gave apresentation entitled ‘Attracting private investment throughNAMAs’ in two parts. The first part focused on why andhow private investment matters, while the second partdelved deeper into understanding investment logic.He noted that as private funds represent by far the largestsource of climate/NAMA finance, scarcer public funds canoften best be used to mobilize those private funds. He didhowever acknowledge the challenges in identifying waysto achieve this. As private investors’ decisions are mainlyguided by the risk–return profile of an investment, hesuggested that policy makers create an environmentfavorable to investment, addressing both risk and return.It was suggested that the following four interrelated stepsbe used to design an appropriate combination of policy andfinancial instruments: identify priority mitigationtechnology options; assess key barriers to technologydiffusion; determine the appropriate policy mix and selectfinancing options to create an enabling policy environment.Mr Schmidt argued that reducing risks can strongly reducethe cost of capital. If no de-risking is undertaken, the entireincremental cost will have to be paid. Adding apolicy-driven de-risking instrument can almost halve thecost of a NAMA and increase leverage for furtherinvestment.The second presentation aimed at providing anunderstanding of how investors think, in order tofacilitate communication with investors. It provided arundown of basic financial terminology and concepts thatprivate investors use to assess investment opportunities,namely, cash flow, payback time, cost of capital, net presentvalue, internal rate of return, capital structure, weightedaverage capital cost and the role of risk.Ms Marion Vieweg-Mersmann, UNFCCC, presentedUNFCCC’s MRV framework and relevant decisions fromthe conference of parties (COP) that guideinternational MRV (National communications – NCs andbiennial update reports - BURs), the domestic MRV system,MRV for REDD-plus and international consultation andanalysis (ICA) of biennial update reports. She explainedkeys processes including; submission of BURs by thedeveloping country Parties, technical analysis of BURs bythe team of technical experts resulting in summary reportsand facilitative sharing of views among Parties on thesummary report under the Subsidiary Body forimplementation.During the discussions, participants enquired abouttechnical and financial support available for preparationand submission of BURs and implementation updates onICA. In response to these queries, Marion highlightedtechnical assistance that the UNFCCC secretariat has beenproviding through regional training workshops andmaking training/technical materials available tocountries for preparation of BURs. She also mentioned thatthe developing countries can access up to US$352,000directly through the Global Environmental Facility or oneof the implementing agencies for preparation of BURs. Asof June 2014, 36 countries have completed the process toaccess funds for peroration of their BURs. She furtheradded that training for the team oftechnical experts and technical analysisof 12 BURs are on-going.The next presenter, Ms Daniela Carringtonfrom UNDP, gave a presentationon major findings from a studycommissioned in 2014 in relation to countries’ progress andexperiences in putting in place domestic MRV systems. Thepresentation provided the participants with an overviewof work being undertaken across a range of countries. Herpresentation focused on some practical areas that countriescan consider while developing their MRV system such as:general system design considerations;

governance arrangements and data collection from bothnew and existing sources; technical considerations andlesson learned from the case study countries.Ms Carrington summarized use of the domestic MRVsystem as including: to design effective mitigationstrategies targeting key emissions sources and sinks; toassess impacts of mitigation projects and policies; to trackprogress towards mitigation goals and sustainabledevelopment; to meet international reporting obligations; toincrease transparency and credibility of mitigationmeasures; and to track accountability of support. She notedthat countries are often developing more than one level ofMRV (national, sectoral and project/firm level) not onlymeant for measuring GHG emissions but also assessingsustainable development co-benefits. She stressed thatdomestic MRV systems require input from multiple sourcesfor their success and effectiveness hence priority should begiven to capacity building and inter-agency coordination.One point raised during discussion was that establishing institutionsfor MRV, which involve generating and collectingdata could be an expensive and daunting task for developingcountry Parties given that funding is a major problem.Responding to these issues, Ms Carrington advised findinginnovative ways to leverage existingstructures and data sources. She suggested countries beexpansive and strategic in their MRV system design, butimplement them on an incremental basis. She furtherrequested countries to be pro-active in sharing experiencesand best practices and finding ways for co-operation amongthemselves.Marion Vieweg-Mersmann, UNFCCC, gave apresentation about how to assess the impacts of mitigationpolicies and actions using the new WRI GHG ProtocolMitigation Accounting Standards, piloted in 20 countries.She explained the purpose of having policy and actionstandards and talked about the three types of mitigationactions; goal, policies and projects and how these actionsinter-relate. She illustrated ways of identifying anddetermining the effects of mitigation actions which areinfluenced by geopolitical boundary, time frame, objectivesof project and expected GHG effect. She stressed that theWRI GHG Policy and Action Standard only provides aframework for analysis but not a method for quantification.Understanding transformational changeand sustainable development (SD)impact assessment in NAMAsMr Florian Mersmann, Wuppertal Institute, introducedthe concept of transformational change in the contextof NAMAs along three dimensions; goal, process, andlow-carbon lock-in. He described the goal dimension asthe disruption of high-carbon pathways and sustaining theimpact of the change. The process dimension on the otherhand is the day-to-day interventions by actors to achievea low-carbon pathway whiles the low-carbon lock-indimension are the new barriers created which stop thetransformed system from relapsing into its former state. Hefurther explained the key success factors oftransformational change. During the discussion, theparticipants acknowledged the importance of transformationalchange in NAMAs as many international donorsconsider it as one of the key criteria for selecting NAMAsfor their support.The next presenter, Ms Karen Holm Olsen, UNEP DTU,demonstrated to participants how to assess the sustainabledevelopment impacts of NAMA intervention or actionsand how these actions can be quantified using the NAMASustainable Development Tool. She also mentioned that thetool instantaneously provides a report to the user to showthe project impacts on sustainable development. Based onthis report the NAMA practitioner will be better informedto take corrective action to maximize or reduce impact. Sheconcluded by bringing attention to the factthat actors have different priorities andchallenges in analyzing sustainabledevelopment benefits.

Break out session:Impact assessment of policies and actionsThis group, facilitated by Marion Vieweg-Mersmann,UNFCCC, primarily discussed how the WRI Policy andAction Standard can be applied to assess the impacts ofmitigation policies and actions. She walked the participantsthrough the assessment framework steps/procedures forestimating emissions reductions with the help of an exercisebased on a real case scenario. At the end, theparticipants shared their views on issue and challengesfaced while using the standard during the exercise.Responding to queries from the participants on how todistinguish between short term and long term effects ofactions and policies, Marion suggested considering a timehorizon of 5-10 years for short term effect assessmenttaking into consideration the type and nature of policies andactions to be implemented. The participants also stressedthat availability and quality of data and methodology to beused for calculation may pose challenges for estimatingemission reductions. In this regard, she suggested first referto available literature, pilot studies, in-country studies andIPCC documents to gather data and estimate emissionsreduction by using simplified calculation methodology. Shealso suggested countries plan to improve their datageneration, gathering and reporting system in the long run.Break out session:Assessing sustainable development (SD)co-benefits of NAMAsThis group, moderated by Karen Holm Olsen, UNEP DTU,discussed how the NAMA SD Tool can be used to assessthe sustainable development co-benefits of NAMAactions. She demonstrated how to identify NAMA SDimpact indicators and how these indicators can bequantified. To further broaden knowledge on how toidentify and quantify SD indicators, she divided the groupinto four subgroups according to real NAMA proposalsfrom Sri Lanka, The Marshall Islands, Malaysia, andArmenia. Those proposals were on transport, biomass,E-waste and energy efficiency housing respectively.The NAMA SD Tool template was handed out to eachsubgroup to complete based on the NAMA proposal beforethem. Moderated discussions were held on identifying andquantifying SD indicators and the impacts of theirproposals. After the exercise, the participants positivelyreported that the training had increased their understanding.G. The UNFCCC NAMA RegistryMr Gopal Raj Joshi, UNFCCC, provided an update on theoperational status of the NAMA registry. He noted that amajority of entries are seeking support for implementationand energy supply is the most popular sector forsubmissions. Most of the NAMA entries are submitted fromLatin America and the Caribbean states and grant fundingis the most commonly sought type of financial support. Healso highlighted the benefits of the registry as being: aninformation hub for sharing best practices, technical toolsand information on NAMAs; an authentic and officialsource of information, data and knowledge on NAMAs andsupport needed and available; and a platform for promotingmitigation actions in developing countries. He argued thatthe registry provides visibility and facilitatesmatching with sources of supportavailable. He also provided an overviewof the support available withinthe registry and the extent of matchingbetween NAMAs and sources of supportto date.Mr Davide Cassanmagnago, UNFCCC, briefed theparticipants about efforts made by the secretariat to supportthe registry’s users and to ensure successful use of theregistry. He mentioned that the secretariat provides day-todaytechnical support for the registry’s users and has alsopublished guidance documents and technical materials toassist countries in use of the registry. He also pointed outthat workshops and webinars are being planned to furtherfamiliarize users with functions of the registry. He furthernoted that outreach activities are undertaken by thesecretariat to ensure provision of registry access rights tocountries and to assist users in keeping their entries up-todate.Participants acknowledged that developing countries needto increase the level of their participation in the registry,ensure that their entries are accurate, complete and up-todate.They also need to alert the secretariat about theircapacity building needs and make use of the varioustechnical resources that have been made available by thesecretariat about use of the registry.During the group discussion, the participants considered thecurrent centralization of NAMA submissions and whetherdecentralization through NAMA developer access rightsmight be an option to increase registry use. The relativemerits of using the registry as opposed to approachingdonors directly was also discussed. A representative from

Georgia encouraged participants to submittheir NAMAs to the registry as theirNAMA did in fact receive supportthrough the registry. This highlightedthe value of the registry as a repositoryfor lessons learned and good practice.Break out session:enhancing the roles of the registryThis group brainstormed on enhancing the registry’s role inthe context of the future climate change regime. Thefollowing roles for the future of the registry were suggested:• Compiling and sharing; experiences, lessons learnedand best practices on mitigation actions in developingcountries;• Recording and making available data with a view toimproving emissions statistics and projections.• Making information available on the status of theimplementation of NAMAs and associated impactsincluding sustainable development benefits;• Acting as a submission portal for support fromfinancial mechanisms under the convention, nationaland international support agencies; and• Serve as a tool to facilitate climate change actions onthe ground and the implementation of internationalsupport commitments under the future climate changeregime.The group further suggested the following ways to improveuse of the registry:• To implement a decentralized registry with stronginvolvement of national focal points in promotingthe use of the registry, it may require regular capacitybuilding activities;• The secretariat could undertake a systematic approachto regularly contact registry users in order to maintainup-to-date information pertaining to their submissions;• The registry could track usage statistics, such as thenumber of visits to each page and also create a chatroom for interaction between NAMA proponents andsupport providers;• A set of minimum requirements should be establishedfor NAMA developers and approvers to be able to submitNAMAs to the registry;• Donor institutions need to be committed to using theregistry for their selection of NAMAs for support. Amore proactive use of the registry from supportproviders is a key element for the future of the registry.The COP could request financial mechanisms andinstitutions under the convention to incorporate the useof the registry in their processes;• The registry’s development should aim at transformingthe platform into a market place where developers andinvestors/supporters can interact and exchange ideas tofacilitate the matching of NAMAs to support;• NAMAs reported in Biannual Updates Reports (BURs)should be automatically reflected in the registry withoutthe need for a specific submission; and• The template for submitting registry NAMAs to bealigned with other templates for applying for supportfor preparation and implementation thus reducingduplication of efforts.Break out session:decentralizing the use of the registryParticipants in this break out session discussed theopportunities and challenges for decentralizing the use ofthe registry. The main messages of group discussions were:Countries can either centralize the role of NAMAdevelopment or devolve this role to multiple entities takinginto account their national circumstances;The use of multiple NAMA developers’ credentials canfacilitate the submission of NAMAs to the registry and themaintenance of up to date information;Communication strategies are essential to establish efficientcooperation between the NAMA approver and multipleNAMA developers in their use of the registry; andNominating NAMA developers from the private sectorcould be a way of strengthening private-public cooperationin NAMAs preparation and implementation.H. ClosingThe workshop was formally closed by Mr William KojoAgyemang-Bonsu, UNFCCC secretariat, who echoedopening remarks by thanking participants. He remarkedthat it had been three days of quite intense work with lots ofuseful interactions. Mr Agyemang-Bonsu then opened thefloor for any final comments from participants. Mr SteveWinkelman (CCAP) mentioned that it had been helpful tohear a variety of perspectives from countries of, “differinglevels of capacity and experience with NAMAs, looking atcommon challenges.”Mr Agyemang-Bonsu then concluded by thanking theworkshop facilitators, wishing everyone safe travels,reminding all that the goal is to fulfill the emission gap andsaying that he hoped the workshop had identified NAMAimplementation as a tool for doing that.