Index to Volume 369 - The Lancet Conferences

Index to Volume 369 

January–June 2007 

Editor Richard Horton 

Deputy Editor Astrid James 

www.thelancet.com

Compiled by 

Merrall Ross International 

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Subject Index to Volume 369, 2007 

Concordance 

To enable the reader to determine at a 

glance, the date and serial number of the 

issue of The Lancet containing the required 

page reference. 

Pages Date of Issue Number 

1–78 Jan 6–12 9555 

79–162 Jan 13–19 9556 

163–246 Jan 20–26 9557 

247–342 Jan 27–Feb 2 9558 

343–436 Feb 3–9 9559 

437–530 Feb 10–16 9560 

531–614 Feb 17–23 9561 

615–714 Feb 24–March 2 9562 

715–798 March 3–9 9563 

799–878 March 10–16 9564 

879–964 March 17–23 9565 

965–1054 March 24–30 9566 

1055–1140 March 31–April 6 9567 

1141–1232 April 7–13 9568 

1233–1318 April 14–20 9569 

1319–1402 April 21–27 9570 

1403–1490 April 28–May 4 9571 

1491–1574 May 5–11 9572 

1575–1664 May 12–18 9573 

1665–1762 May 19–25 9574 

1763–1832 May 26–June 1 9575 

1833–1900 June 2–8 9576 

1901–1972 June 9–15 9577 

1973–2050 June 16–22 9578 

2051–2132 June 23–29 9579 

2133–2214 June 30–July 6 9580 

A 

Abbott Laboratories Actions against Thailand over 

access to antiretrovirals (Cawthorne et al 974 Com); 

Plans to reduce costs of second-line antiretroviral 

drugs (1320 E) 

ABCD scoring Stroke risk prediction after transient 

ischaemic attack (Kernan 251 Com), (Johnston et al 

283), (Tsivgoulis et al 1082 C) 

ABCSG 8 trial Switch to anastrozole after tamoxifen in 

breast cancer (Boccardo and Rubagotti 533 Com) 

Abdominal pain Episodic, due to retrograde 

menstruation caused by imperforate hymen 

(Chuang and Kan 1890 CP); In nephroptosis 

presenting with renal colic induced by walking and 

speed bumps (Nanayakkara et al 436 CR) 

Abdominal trauma Children, detection of physical 

abuse and effective interventions (Marcovitch and 

Jones 1844 Com), (Dubowitz and Bennett 1891 S) 

Aboriginal peoples Health, Australian political 

conservatism and (1320 E), (Butler 2075 C), (Due 

2075 C) 

Abortion Acceptance by doctors and medical students 

in Cameroon (Wonkam and Hurst 1999 C); Intervals 

and routes of administration in early pregnancy 

(randomised trial) (Winikoff and Davis 1904 Com), 

(von Hertzen et al 1938); Mortality due to (715 E); 

Nicaragua’s laws tightened with removal of legal 

loophole (Replogle 15 WR); Rates by adolescents 

(global perspectives) (Bearinger et al 1222 Ser); 

Views and policies in Latin America (Replogle 

15 WR) See also Pregnancy, termination 

Academic apartheid US travel restrictions for Muslim 

scientists (438 E), (Khan 463 C) 

Academic medicine Translational research strategy 

(Lord and Trembath 1771 Com); US funding cuts to 

affect centres and academics’ fight-back (532 E) 

Accident and emergency (A&E) departments 

Guidelines on management of sexual assault cases 

(UK) (1234 E) 

Accidents Road see Road traffic accidents 

Accountability Department for International 

Development (UK) (1973 E), (2078 erratum) 

ACE inhibitors Association with incident diabetes, 

network meta-analysis (Elliott and Meyer 201), 

(Lam and Owen 1513 C), (Elliott and Meyer 1514 C), 

(Johnston 1514 C), (1518 erratum) 

Aciclovir Misdiagnosis of subdural haematoma as 

complication of haemodialysis presenting with 

facial weakness and adverse effects (Papadakis et 

al 714 CR) 

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex syndrome) Acral 

hyperkeratosis and oesophageal malignancy in 

(Poligone et al 530 CR) 

ACTH deficiency Hypopituitarism diagnosis 

(Schneider et al 1464 S) 

ACTIVE W Clopidogrel with aspirin vs oral 

anticoagulation for prevention of vascular events in 

atrial fibrillation (Harris Cheng 105 C), (Connolly 

et al 106 C), (King and Bhala 106 C) 

ACUITY trial Bivalirudin vs heparin with glycoprotein 

IIb/IIIa inhibitors in moderate/high-risk acute 

coronary syndrome patients undergoing PCI 

(Waksman 881 Com), (Stone et al 907) 

Acute Catheterisation and Urgent Intervention Triage 

strategy (ACUITY) trial see ACUITY trial 

Acute coronary syndrome Effects of eicosapentaenoic 

acid on coronary events in hypercholesterolaemia 

and reduction of non-fatal events (JELIS 

randomised trial) (Mozaffarian 1062 Com), 

(Yokoyama et al 1090); Event prediction by highsensitivity 

C-reactive protein (CRP) test (Stahl 1259 

C); Moderate-/high-risk, bivalirudin vs heparin 

and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients 

undergoing PCI (ACUITY trial) (Waksman 881 

Com), (Stone et al 907); Non-ST-elevation, early 

invasive vs selective invasive treatment strategy 

(ICTUS trial follow-up) (Stone 801 Com), (Hirsch 

et al 827); Predictor of thrombosis of drug-eluting 

coronary stents (Urban and De Benedetti 619 

Com), (Daemen et al 667), (Carlsson and Eriksson 

1785 C), (Daemen et al 1785 C), (Rajasekhar and 

Bhala 1785 C) See also Angina; Coronary heart 

disease; Myocardial infarction 

Acute flaccid paralysis Surveillance in India (Francis 

1322 Com) 

Acute lung injury Definition/diagnosis/ 

histopathology/pathophysiology and treatment 

(Wheeler and Bernard 1553 R) 

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) Outcomes 

of umbilical cord blood transplantation vs bone 

marrow transplantation in children (Rocha and 

Gluckman 1906 Com), (Eapen et al 1947); Treatment 

simplified after additional pulses of vincristine and 

dexamethasone during continuation chemotherapy 

of little benefit (randomised trial) (Saha 82 Com), 

(Conter et al 123); Varicella vaccination, death after 

and recommendations (Schrauder et al 1232 CR), 

(Ulloa-Gutierrez 1860 C) 

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) Incidence and 

aircrews (Focosi 367 C); Outcomes of umbilical 

cord blood transplantation vs bone marrow 

transplantation in children (Rocha and Gluckman 

1906 Com), (Eapen et al 1947) 

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Clinical 

review (Wheeler and Bernard 1553 R); Definition/ 

diagnosis/histopathology/pathophysiology and 

treatment (Wheeler and Bernard 1553 R); Talc 

pleurodesis (with Luzenac) not associated with 

(Aelony 1494 Com), (Janssen et al 1535) 

Adalimumab Anti-TNFα treatment in rheumatoid 

arthritis and fatal disseminated tuberculosis after 

(Malipeddi et al 162 CR); Inflammatory bowel disease 

treatment (Baumgart and Sandborn 1651 Ser) 

Addiction Health effects, profile of researcher (Hall W) 

(Pincock 1993 P) See also Drug abuse 

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) GAD gene therapy for 

Parkinson’s disease, phase I trial (Stoessl 2056 Com), 

(Kaplitt et al 2097) 

Adenocarcinoma in situ Cervical, effect of HPV L1 

virus-like-particle vaccine on (Markman 1837 Com), 

(The Future II Study Group 1861) 

Adenoma Colorectal, daily aspirin effective in 

reduction and reduction of colorectal cancer with 

latency of 10 years (Chan 1577 Com), (Flossmann 

et al 1603) 

Adhesion molecular inhibitors Inflammatory bowel 

disease treatment (Baumgart and Sandborn 1652 Ser) 

Adolescent(s) ADHD, antisocial behaviour and 

substance misuse (Patton and Viner 1133 Ser); 

Bipolar disorders (Benazzi 940 S); Cancer (Patton 

and Viner 1135 Ser); Depression, anxiety and mental 

disorders (Patton and Viner 1134 Ser); Development 

and puberty (Patton and Viner 1130 Ser); Diabetes 

mellitus type 2 complications (Pinhas-Hamiel and 

Zeitler 1823 R); Epilepsy (Patton and Viner 1135 Ser); 

HIV testing, guidelines revision and routine opt-out 

HIV testing in US (Lifson and Rybicki 539 Com); 

Metabolic syndrome in, diagnosis and definition of 

obesity (Zimmet et al 2059 Com); Musculoskeletal 

disorders, pain and somatic symptoms (Patton and 

Viner 1135 Ser); Obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome 

and cardiovascular risk (Patton and Viner 1135 Ser); 

Oseltamivir prescribing warning after suicides in 

Japan (1056 E) See also Young people 

Adolescent health (Kleinert 1057 Com), (Resnick and 

Bowes 1058 Com), (Shribman 1788 C); Chronic 

illnesses, challenges, effects and treatment (Sawyer 

et al 1481 Ser); Effect of trauma on mental health 

(Kakaki et al 2077 C); Global perspectives on sexual/ 

reproductive health (Bearinger et al 1220 Ser); 

Health issues, health risks and special needs, The 

Lancet series (Kleinert 1057 Com), (Shribman 1788 

C); Interventions to reduce harm associated with 

substance abuse (Toumbourou et al 1391 Ser), (Souza 

and de Leon 2157 C), (Röggla and Moser 2158 C); 

Mental illness and mental health-care needs (global 

public-health challenge) (Tonin 1239 Com), (Patel et 

al 1302 Ser), (Kakaki et al 2077 C); Profile of Mapella 

E, coordinator in Tanzania (Brown 1075 P); Profile 

of specialist (Sawyer S) (Pincock 1423 P); Pubertal 

transitions in health (Patton and Viner 1130 Ser); 

Youth-friendly primary-care services (Tylee et al 1565 

Ser) See also Series, Adolescent health 

ADOPT Rosiglitazone and congestive heart failure link 

(1834 E), (Krall 1995 C), (Nabel et al 2077 C) 

Adrenal insufficiency Sexual dysfunction in (Bhasin 

et al 607 Ser) 

Adrenocortical insufficiency Auricular calcification and 

shock associated (Fukushima et al 856 CP); Sexual 

dysfunction in (Bhasin et al 607 Ser) 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Deficiency, 

hypopituitarism diagnosis (Schneider et al 1464 S) 

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) To be made public in EU 

under EU Pharmaceutical Code (Pimpinella and 

Malgarini 90 Com); Computer system for tracking, 

FDA criticised for mismanagement (Bristol 1072 

WR); Oseltamivir and possible link to suicides by 

adolescents in Japan (1056 E); Severe acute hepatitis 

after anastrozole treatment (de al Cruz et al 23 

C); Tumour lysis syndrome after sunitinib malate 

treatment in renal cell carcinoma (Nicholaou et al 

1923 C) 

Adverse event rates Differences between journals 

(clinical trial papers) and databases and reasons 

(Mahoney and Sargent 171 Com) 

Advertising Direct-to-consumer, for Europe and 

lessons from US (Metzel 704 EF); Direct-toconsumer, 

for prescription drugs (1 E), (van Lierop 

1790 C); FMRI images of brains whilst watching, 

neuromarketing and (Butcher 551 P); Sildenafil 

advertisements withdrawn over marketing for sexual 

performance enhancement (344 E) 

Index 

Subject Index 

References and abbreviations 

C Correspondence 

Com Comment 

CP Clinical Picture 

CR Case Report 

E Editorial 

EF Essay Focus 

Es Essay 

H Hypothesis 

O Obituary 

P Perspectives 

PH Public Health 

R Review 

RL Research Letters 

S Seminar 

SR Special Report 

UOE Uses of Error 

V Viewpoint 

WR World Report 

Conferences/congresses are 

listed under this term, and not 

necessarily under the individual 

organisations/societies 

References to HIV refer to HIV-1 

unless otherwise noted 

www.thelancet.com Index to Vol 369, 2007 1


Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) (UK) 

Drug-facilitated sexual assault concerns and need 

to teach medical students on correct examination 

method and evidence gathering (1234 E), (Norfolk 

and White 1996 C) 

A&E departments Guidelines on management of 

sexual assault cases (UK) (1234 E) 

Afghanistan Canadian soldiers and doctors under 

investigation for human rights abuses (Webster 

1419 WR) 

Africa Antimalarial drug combination 

recommendations for different regions (Morrow 

444 Com), (Zongo et al 491), (826 erratum); Cancer 

prevalence increase and growing crisis (1665 E); 

Female genital mutilation prevalence and progress 

in reducing (Wakabi 1069 WR), (Afifi 1858 C); 

G8’s promises in 2005, slow progress and need for 

greater commitment (1833 E); HIV surveillance 

using data from HIV counselling and testing 

services (Mwaluko et al 612 V), (Holtedahl et al 

1166 C); Japan’s aid commitment (Yamamoto and 

Crump 28 C); Onchocerciasis reduction, profile 

of Amazigo U (Brown 1853 P); Sub-Saharan, 

prevalence of HIV and need for comprehensive 

response to rape in conflict-affected and displaced 

people (systematic review) (Jewkes 2140 Com), 

(Spiegel et al 2187) See also individual countries 

Ageing Biological, middle-aged, coronary heart 

disease risk predicted by mean leucocyte 

telomere length and benefits of statin treatment 

(Spyridopoulos and Dimmeler 81 Com), (Brouilette 

et al 107); Frailty in elderly and factors associated 

(Strandberg and Pitkälä 1328 Com), (1860 erratum) 

Age-related macular degeneration Hypertension as 

potential risk factor (Wong and Mitchell 431 R), 

(2078 erratum) 

Agriculture Impact of DDT for malaria control 

(248 E) 

AIDS see HIV/AIDS 

AIDS Healthcare Foundation Pfizer to be sued over 

sildenafil marketing (344 E) 

Aircraft crews Acute myeloid leukaemia incidence 

(Focosi 367 C) 

Airflights Long, effects, jet lag and coping strategies 

(Waterhouse et al 1117 S) 

Air pollution Impact on health and cause of 

preventable deaths (global) (2052 E); Traffic-related, 

effect on lung development in children (Sandström 

and Brunekreef 535 Com), (Gauderman et al 571) 

Albumin Neuroprotection in acute ischaemic stroke 

management (Sacco et al 337 R) 

Alcohol Consumption in pregnancy, fetal alcohol 

syndrome and legal/ethical issues (Mukherjee et al 

1149 Com), (Caan 1789 C); Hazardous consumption 

and premature mortality in Russia (Rehm and 

Gmel 1975 Com), (Leon et al 2001); Non-beverage, 

hazardous drinking in Russia causing premature 

mortality (Rehm and Gmel 1975 Com), (Leon et al 

2001) 

Alcohol misuse Non-beverage, hazardous drinking 

in Russia causing premature mortality (Rehm and 

Gmel 1975 Com), (Leon et al 2001); Strongyloides 

stercoralis infection presenting with colitis in 

(Lashof et al 2050 CR); Traffic accidents due to 

(Caputo and Trevisani 463 C) 

Alexander G R Obituary of maternal and child health 

expert (Oransky 1994 O) 

Allergy Type I and type IV to insulin analogue 

detemir (Sola-Gazagnes et al 637 C), (Dejgaard et al 

1926 C), (Sola-Gazagnes and Larger 1926 C) 

ALSPAC study Maternal fish consumption with 

beneficial effects on neurodevelopment in children 

(Myers and Davidson 537 Com), (Hibbeln et al 578), 

(Tamburlini and Barbone 1166 C), (Senanayake 

1167 C) 

Alteplase For acute ischaemic stroke, safety and 

efficacy (SITS-MOST study) (247 E), (Albers 

and Olivot 249 Com), (Wahlgren et al 275), (826 

erratum), (Guptha et al 904 C) 

Alwan A WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

893 WR) 

Alzheimer’s disease Obituary of researcher (Thal LJ) 

(Oransky 1424 O) 

Amazigo U Profile as researcher and practitioner on 

onchocerciasis reduction in Africa (Brown 1853 P) 

American Cancer Society (ACS) Support for common 

fund and greater control by NIH of budget (Bristol 

629 WR) 

Amlodipine Perindopril with for cardiovascular disease 

prevention (ASCOT-BPLA trial) (Costantino et al 185 

C), (Gaziano et al 186) 

Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate Wilson’s disease 

treatment (Ala et al 404 S) 

Amniotic fluid embolism During termination of 

pregnancy presenting with ventricular fibrillation, 

cardiac arrest and DIC (Verroust et al 190 CR) 

Amodiaquine With sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine 

vs artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated 

falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso (randomised 

trial) (Morrow 444 Com), (Zongo et al 491), (826 

erratum) 

Amphetamines Narcolepsy with cataplexy treatment 

(Dauvilliers et al 505 S) 

Amphotericin B, liposomal Micafungin vs for 

candidaemia and invasive candidosis (randomised 

trial) (Kuse et al 1519) 

Amputations Targeted reinnervation for enhanced 

prosthetic arm function after proximal amputation 

(Hochberg and Taylor 345 Com), (Kuiken et al 371) 

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Mitchell and 

Borasio 2031 S); Mimic syndromes and variant 

syndromes (Mitchell and Borasio 2032 S); Natural 

history/epidemiology/clinical features/diagnosis/ 

pathogenesis and management (Mitchell and Borasio 

2031 S); Novel therapeutic methods (Mitchell and 

Borasio 2038 S) 

Anaemia In chronic kidney disease and upper 

haemoglobin targets for erythropoietin treatment 

(meta-analysis) (Strippoli et al 346 Com), (Fernandes 

et al 365 C), (Phrommintikul et al 381), (Ingelfinger 

and Remuzzi 1515 C), (Regidor and Kalantar-Zadeh 

1515 C), (Drüeke et al 1516 C), (Phrommintikul et al 

1516 C), (Nonoguchi et al 1517 C), (Reinhold et al 1517 

C); In cortisol deficiency (Schattner and Zornitzki 

2214 CR); Intravenous iron for, clinical update 

(Auerbach et al 1502 Com) 

Analgesia Morphine prescribing concerns, survival 

not reduced by incremental dose-titration and 

need for improved effective use (Sykes 1325 Com); 

Postoperative, clinical update (Myles and Power 

810 Com), (Myles and Power 2000 C), (Maxwell and 

Bateman 2000 C) 

Anastrozole Severe acute hepatitis after treatment 

(de al Cruz et al 23 C) 

Ancillary-care needs/duties In observational research 

(Dickert et al 874 V) 

Androgen deficiency Sexual dysfunction in (Bhasin 


Aneuploidy Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis based on 

fetal DNA in maternal blood (Benachi and Costa 440 

Com), (Dhallan et al 474), (Hultén 1997 C), (Hahn et al 

1997 C), (Lo and Chiu 1997 C), (Dhallan et al 1998 C) 

Aneurysms Coronary artery, in Kawasaki’s disease 

and outcome (Yeung 85 Com); Intracranial see 

Intracranial aneurysms ; Retinal, hypertension 

associated (Wong and Mitchell 429 R), (2078 

erratum) 

Angina Unstable, misdiagnosis of chest pain due to 

spontaneous intramural haematoma of oesophagus 

(Tunnicliffe et al 964 CR) 

Angiogenesis Drugs targeting (Eccles and Welch 1750 

R); Inhibitors, neuroblastoma management (Maris 

et al 2115 S); Metastasis development and (Eccles and 

Welch 1744 R) 

Angiography Mesenteric, gastrointestinal 

leucocytoclastic vasculitis presenting with lifethreatening 

haemorrhage (Uzoigwe et al 1054 CR), 

(Di Comite and Rossi 1786 C), (Uzoigwe et al 1787 

C); Subarachnoid haemorrhage diagnosis (van Gijn 

et al 310 S) 

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 

Association with incident diabetes, network metaanalysis 

(Elliott and Meyer 201), (Lam and Owen 1513 

C), (Elliott and Meyer 1514 C), (Johnston 1514 C), (1518 

erratum); Hypertension treatment but wider effects, 

mechanisms and cardiovascular risk reduction 

(Schmieder et al 1208 R) 

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) Association 

with incident diabetes, network meta-analysis 

(Elliott and Meyer 201), (Lam and Owen 1513 C), 

(Elliott and Meyer 1514 C), (Johnston 1514 C), (1518 

erratum); Hypertension treatment but wider effects, 

mechanisms and cardiovascular risk reduction 

(Schmieder et al 1208 R); Valsartan addition to 

conventional treatment in hypertension and 

cardiovascular disease in Japan (Jikei Heart Study 

randomised trial) (Staessen and Richart 1407 Com), 

(Mochizuki et al 1431); Valsartan effect on diastolic 

function in hypertension and diastolic dysfunction 

(VALIDD randomised trial) (Ahmed et al 2053 Com), 

(Solomon et al 2079) 

Animal models Huntington’s disease (Walker 222 S) 

Animal research Controversy over use of animals 

(Weatherall 1147 Com) 

Animals Wild, Mycobacterium bovis outbreaks (Thoen 

and LoBue 1236 Com), (Evans et al 1270), (Collinson 

et al 2076 C) 

ANITA trial Postoperative chemotherapy in non-smallcell 

lung cancer (Bradbury and Shepherd 1903) 

Ankylosing spondylitis (Braun and Sieper 1379 S); 

Epidemiology/clinical features/pathogenesis/ 

diagnosis and management/socioeconomics (Braun 

and Sieper 1379 S) 

Anoikis (type of apoptosis) Metastasis mechanism 

(Eccles and Welch 1743 R) 

Antenatal care Strategies for adolescents (global 

perspectives) (Bearinger et al 1226 Ser) 

Anti-angiogenic agents Drugs and strategies for 


Antibiotic resistance Drug-resistant Neisseria 

gonorrhoeae spread in US (McCarthy 1592 WR); 

Macrolides, effect of macrolide prescribing on oral 

commensal streptococcal flora (randomised trial) 

(Dancer 442 Com), (Malhotra-Kumar et al 482) 

Antibiotics Ecological side-effects of prescribing, 

macrolide resistance and (Dancer 442 Com), 

(Malhotra-Kumar et al 482); Epidemic meningitis 

and meningococcaemia treatment (Stephens et al 

2203 S); Macrolide prescribing (azithromycin and 

clarithromycin) effect on macrolide resistance in oral 

streptococcal flora of healthy people (randomised 

trial) (Dancer 442 Com), (Malhotra-Kumar et al 482); 

Vulvovaginal candidosis risk after (Sobel 1963 S) 

Anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody trial (TGN1412) 

Adverse events and impact on risk minimisation for 

first-in-man trial (Hemelaar 1496 Com) 

Anticoagulation Acute ischaemic stroke management 

(Khaja and Grotta 324 R); Oral, clopidogrel with 

aspirin vs for prevention of vascular events in atrial 

fibrillation (ACTIVE W) (Harris Cheng 105 C), 

(Connolly et al 106 C), (King and Bhala 106 C) 

Antidepressants Bipolar and depressive disorders 

(Benazzi 941 S); New treatments for hot flushes, 

clinical update (Stearns 2062 Com) 

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Deficiency, 


Antiepileptic drugs Sexual dysfunction and (Rees et al 

517 Ser) 

Antifungal treatment Vulvovaginal candidosis (Sobel 

1967 S) 

Anti-HIV agents Microbicides (Balzarini and 

Van Damme 787 R), (Silverstein 1429 C) See also 

Antiretroviral drugs 

Antihypertensive drugs Benefits of aggressive 

treatment of hypertension, VALIDD trial of 

valsartan’s effect on diastolic function (Ahmed et al 

2053 Com), (Solomon et al 2079); Global burden of 

hypertension, management and report funded by 

Novartis (1764 E); Haemoglobin levels in chronic 

kidney disease and need for (Fernandes et al 365 C); 

In incident diabetes, network meta-analysis (Elliott 

and Meyer 201), (Lam and Owen 1513 C), (Elliott and 

Meyer 1514 C), (Johnston 1514 C), (1518 erratum); 

Indications and racial influence (Duster 702 EF); 

Valsartan addition to conventional treatment of 

hypertension and cardiovascular disease in Japan 

(Jikei Heart Study randomised trial) (Staessen and 

Richart 1407 Com), (Mochizuki et al 1431) 

Anti-inflammatory drugs Acute ischaemic stroke 


Antikythera mechanism As astronomical calendar from 

ancient Greece (Sharp 176 Com) 

Antimalarial drugs Artemether-lumefantrine vs 

amodiaquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for 

uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso 

(randomised trial) (Morrow 444 Com), (Zongo 

et al 491), (826 erratum); Artemether-lumefantrine 

vs dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in Papua 

(Indonesia) (Morrow 444 Com); Combinations 

differ with different geographical regions (Morrow 

444 Com), (Zongo et al 491), (826 erratum); Fixeddose 

artemisinin combinations for drug-resistant 

falciparum and vivax malaria in Indonesia 

(randomised trial) (Ratcliff et al 757) 

2 www.thelancet.com Index to Vol 369, 2007

Antimicrobial therapy Childhood pneumonia, and 

effect of age, polymicrobial disease and maternal 

HIV status on response to (Steinhoff and Black 1409 

Com), (McNally et al 1440) See also Antibiotics 

Antimycobacterial drugs Market size (TB Alliance 

report), need for new drugs but need for planning, 

policymaking and public education (1764 E) 

Antiobesity drugs Review of orlistat, sibutramine 

and rimonabant (Padwal and Majumdar 71 NDC), 

(Bjarnason and Blicher 1163 C), (Couzigou 1163 

C), (Finer 1163 C), (Padwal and Majumdar 1164 C); 

Rimonabant in obese patients with type 2 diabetes 

(Lambert et al 553 C), (Roberfroid 553 C), (Shapiro 

and Singer 553 C), (Scheen et al 554 C), (Randall 

et al 555 C) 

Antiphospholipid syndrome Clinical features and 

management (D’Cruz et al 592 S) 

Antiplatelet agents Acute ischaemic stroke 

management (Khaja and Grotta 324 R); Preeclampsia 

prevention and risk reduction (metaanalysis) 

(Roberts and Catov 1765 Com), (Askie et al 

1791) See also Aspirin 

Antiretroviral drugs Darunavir-ritonavir efficacy 

and safety in HIV-1 infection (POWER studies) 

(MacArthur 1143 Com), (Clotet et al 1169); HAART 

with protease inhibitor vs NNRTI and indirect metaanalysis 

(Cipriani et al 270 C), (Caldwell et al 270 C), 

(Chou and Fu 271 C); Raltegravir (MK-0518) (HIV-1 

integrase inhibitor), safety and efficacy as salvage 

therapy in HIV/AIDS (randomised trial) (Cahn and 

Sued 1235 Com), (Grinsztejn et al 1261); Universal 

access in Thailand, government negotiation with 

industry and compulsory licence (Cawthorne et al 

974 Com); Use in China (Wu et al 685 PH); WHO 

report on progress but need to reduce costs and 

improve access to second-line drugs (1320 E) 

Antismoking initiative Global, to prevent 100 million 

deaths (Frieden and Bloomberg 1758 V) 

Antisocial behaviour In puberty and adolescence 

(Patton and Viner 1133 Ser) 

Anti-TNFα treatment In rheumatoid arthritis and 

fatal disseminated tuberculosis after (Malipeddi et 

al 162 CR) 

Antituberculosis drugs Market size (TB Alliance 

report), need for new drugs but need for planning, 

policymaking and public education (1764 E) 

Antiviral drugs Misdiagnosis of subdural haematoma 

as complication of haemodialysis presenting with 

facial weakness and adverse effects of aciclovir 

(Papadakis et al 714 CR) See also Antiretroviral drugs 

Anxiety In puberty and adolescence (Patton and Viner 

1134 Ser) 

Apoptosis Resistance, metastasis mechanism (Eccles 

and Welch 1743 R) 

Archaeology Leprosy disappearance from Europe and 

history of (Sharp 808 Com) 

ARDS see Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 

Argatroban TPA with for acute ischaemic stroke 


Arm(s) Targeted reinnervation for enhanced prosthetic 

arm function after proximal amputation (Hochberg 

and Taylor 345 Com), (Kuiken et al 371) 

Arms trade Promotion and sale and commercial 

involvement by Reed Elsevier (publisher of The 

Lancet ) (Birch 987 C), (Campbell et al 987 C), (Pelly 

and Gilmore 987 C), (Hall 988 C), (Quizphe et al 988 

C), (Smith et al 988 C), (Editors of The Lancet 989 C), 

(Ismael 989 C) 

ARNO 95 study Switch to anastrozole after tamoxifen 

in breast cancer (Boccardo and Rubagotti 533 Com) 

Aromatase inhibitors Breast cancer disease-free 

survival improved by exemestane after tamoxifen 

treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study) 

(randomised trial) (531 E), (Boccardo and Rubagotti 

533 Com), (Coombes et al 559), (906 erratum), 

(Ferretti et al 1599 C), (Atkins 1600 C), (Coombes 

et al 1600 C), (Ueda et al 1600 C); Study to evaluate 

breast cancer prevention on hold after NCI budget 

cut (531 E) 

Artemether-lumefantrine Amodiaquine with 

sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine vs for uncomplicated 



erratum); Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs in 

Papua (Indonesia) (Morrow 444 Com); Fixed-dose 

combination for drug-resistant falciparum and vivax 

malaria in Indonesia (randomised trial) (Ratcliff 

et al 757) 

Artemisinin Fixed-dose combinations for drugresistant 



Arthralgia In cortisol deficiency (Schattner and 

Zornitzki 2214 CR) 

Arthritis Juvenile idiopathic see Juvenile idiopathic 

arthritis ; Juvenile psoriatic (Ravelli and Martini 770 

S); Rheumatoid see Rheumatoid arthritis ; Systemic, 

in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Ravelli and Martini 

768 S) 

Artist Experience of cancer in artistic work (Buchan 

2154 O) 

Asamoa-Baah A WHO Deputy Director-General 

(Brown 893 WR) 

Asbestos Exposures/use (historical) linked to asbestosrelated 

diseases (Lin et al 844), (Wagner 973 Com), 

(Nawrot et al 1692 C) 

Asbestos-related diseases Ecological association 

between historical asbestos consumption and (Lin 

et al 844), (Wagner 973 Com), (Nawrot et al 1692 C) 

Ascaris lumbricoides Blocking of nasogastric tube (Dhir 

and Kumar 1460 CP) 

ASCOT-BPLA trial Amlodipine with perindopril for 

cardiovascular disease prevention (Costantino et al 

185 C), (Gaziano et al 186) 

Asian countries As competitors to UK or collaborators 

in science-based innovation (Shetty 813 WR), (Singh 

and Gupta 1688 C) 

Asians Definition, personalised medicine and drugresponse 

phenotypes (Po 1770 Com) 

Asian tsunami see Tsunami 

Asia-Pacific region Pesticide self-poisoning, focus 

on safe-storage boxes but need for new policies on 

pesticide use (Konradsen et al 169 Com) 

Aspirin Chronic low-dose therapy associated with small 

bowel enteropathy (ulcers) (Leung et al 614 CR), 

(Thiefin 1690 C), (Leung et al 1691 C); Clopidogrel with 

for prevention of vascular events in atrial fibrillation 

(ACTIVE W) (Harris Cheng 105 C), (Connolly et al 

106 C), (King and Bhala 106 C); Daily, effectiveness in 

primary prevention of colorectal cancer with latency 

of 10 years (Chan 1577 Com), (Flossmann et al 1603); 

Dipyridamole plus, vs aspirin after cerebral ischaemia 

(ESPRIT) (274 erratum); Pre-eclampsia prevention 

and risk reduction (meta-analysis) (Roberts and Catov 

1765 Com), (Askie et al 1791) 

Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) 

Concerns on impact of PPRS reforms on R&D 

investment (Webb and Walker 1415 Com) 

ASTAMI Bone marrow-derived stem cells for 

myocardial infarction (Arnesen et al 2142 Com) 

AstraZeneca Development of stroke prevention drug 

(disufenton) stopped (247 E) 

Astronomic calendar Antikythera mechanism as, from 

ancient Greece and loss of technology over millennia 

(Sharp 176 Com) 

Atherosclerosis Renin-angiotensin system 

relationship and effects of ACE inhibitors and AT 1 

receptor blockade (Schmieder et al 1212 R); Type 

2 diabetes complications in children/adolescents 

(Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1828 R) 

Atorvastatin Cholesterol lowering in coronary heart 

disease and metabolic syndrome (Treating to 

New Targets study) (Goldstein 25 C), (Mascitelli 

and Pezzetta 25 C), (Caputo and Bernardi 26 C), 

(Deedwania et al 26 C), (Butler and Wainwright 27 

C), (Moon et al 640 C), (1168 erratum), (Butler and 

Wainwright 1787 C) 

ATP7B gene Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 397 S), (Harris 

et al 902 C), (Leggio et al 902 C), (Walshe 902 C) 

Atrial fibrillation Prevention by renin-angiotensin 

system blockade and mechanisms (Schmieder et al 

1210 R); Prevention of vascular events (ACTIVE 

investigation) by clopidogrel plus aspirin vs oral 

anticoagulation (Harris Cheng 105 C), (Connolly et al 

106 C), (King and Bhala 106 C) 

Atrial septal defect In adults, clinical update (Lindsey 

and Hillis 1244 Com) 

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 

Global use of medications for (880 E), (Jain 1788 

C); Optimum management and concerns over 

overtreatment and under-recognition (880 E), (Jain 

1788 C); In puberty and adolescence (Patton and 

Viner 1133 Ser) 

Audit Data audit trails, to improve health statistics 

(Murray 871 Ser) 

Auricular calcification Associated with adrenocortical 

insufficiency (Fukushima et al 856 CP) 

Australia Clinical and public health, political 

conservatism and silencing of independent opinion 

in research community (1320 E), (Butler 2075 C), 

(Due 2075 C); Immigration and HIV infection 

status (1320 E), (Butler 2075 C), (Due 2075 C); 

Neonatal screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA 

dehydrogenase deficiency (Grosse and Dezateux 5 

Com), (Wilcken et al 37) 

Austrian P Obituary of researcher of polyvalent 

pneumococcal vaccine (Pincock 1512 O) 

Autonomic nerve supply Genital, surgical disruption 

and sexual dysfunction after (Rees et al 521 Ser) 

Autonomic neuropathy In Holmes-Adie syndrome 

presenting with chronic cough (Ford et al 342 CR) 

Autopsy Attitudes to (Burton and Underwood 1471 R); 

Clinical, educational and epidemiological value (1404 

E), (Burton and Underwood 1471 R); Consent, tissue 

retention authorisation and role of histology (Burton 

and Underwood 1474 R); Minimally invasive (Burton 

and Underwood 1475 R); Rates decline, reasons and 

reduced perceived value but need for clinicians to 

recommend (1404 E), (Burton and Underwood 1471 

R); Verbal (Burton and Underwood 1477 R) 

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 

(Torres et al 1287 S), (Bergmann and Zerres 2157 

C); Epidemiology/genetics/pathogenesis/clinical 

features/diagnosis and management (Torres et al 

1287 S), (Bergmann and Zerres 2157 C) 

Avian influenza see Influenza H5N1 

Azithromycin Effect on macrolide-resistant 

commensal oral streptococcal flora in healthy 

people (randomised trial) (Dancer 442 Com), 

(Malhotra-Kumar et al 482) 


www.thelancet.com Index to Vol 369, 2007 3 

B 

Babies see Infants 

Baby-milk formula see Infant formulae 

Back pain see Low back pain 

Basson R Profile on work on women’s sexual response 

(Harding 363 P) 

Bates D V Obituary of respiratory physiologist and 

epidemiologist (Oransky 184 O) 

BAT sign CT scan of (Braiteh et al 217 CP) 

Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica) Acral 

hyperkeratosis and oesophageal malignancy in 


BCG vaccination Increased by educational outreach 

programme to promote tuberculosis screening in 

primary care in UK (randomised trial) (Mant and 

Mayon-White 1493 Com), (Griffiths et al 1528) 

Bednets Insecticidal, costs and numbers required 

(Teklehaimanot et al 2143 Com); Long-lasting 

insecticidal (LLINs), mass distribution needed for 

malaria control (Teklehaimanot et al 2143 Com) 

Behaviour Health-risk, in young people, and youthfriendly 

primary-care services (Tylee et al 1565 Ser); 

Help-seeking, by young people (Tylee et al 1566 Ser) 

Behavioural abnormalities Oseltamivir possibly linked 

to suicides by adolescents in Japan and warning over 

prescribing (1056 E) 

Belgium Mortality associated with asbestos exposure 

(Nawrot et al 1692 C) 

Bell’s palsy Subdural haematoma as complication 

of haemodialysis presenting with (Papadakis et al 

714 CR) 

1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) poisoning Seizures and 

serious adverse effects due to, use as drugs of abuse 

(Staack 1411 Com), (Wood et al 1490 CR) 

β blockers Association with incident diabetes, network 

meta-analysis (Elliott and Meyer 201), (Lam and 

Owen 1513 C), (Elliott and Meyer 1514 C), (Johnston 

1514 C), (1518 erratum) 

BiDil (antihypertensive drug) Indications and racial 

influence (Duster 702 EF) 

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Funding for Health 

Metrics and Evaluation Institute (1902 E); 

Investment and governance questions (163 E); 

Maternal and child survival research challenges and 

new priorities after consensus survey (Costello et al 

1240 Com), (Heikens et al 2159 C) 

Bioabsorbable magnesium stents Temporary scaffolding 

of coronary arteries (non-randomised trial) 

(Ormiston and Webster 1839 Com), (Erbel et al 1869) 

Biobanks UK Biobank aims, pilot study, concerns and 

resolution of objections (Palmer 1980 Com) 

Biological control Of dengue virus vectors (Venning 

641 C)


Biological weapons Plague (Prentice and Rahalison 

1202 S) 

Biomedical journals Use of language of wars in (von 

Elm and Diener 274 C) 

Biomedical research Loss of leadership role if NIH 

funding not increased (McCarthy 1071 WR) 

Biomedical structures Resolution using synchrotrons 


Biomedicine Prestigious institutions (US) under threat 

by funding cuts (532 E); Translational research 

strategy for UK (Lord and Trembath 1771 Com) 

Bioterrorism Plague as biological weapon (Prentice 

and Rahalison 1202 S) 

Bipolar disorders In children and adolescents (Benazzi 

940 S) 

Bipolar I disorder Continuum with bipolar II disorder 

(Benazzi 937 S) 

Bipolar II disorder (Benazzi 935 S); Clinical feature/ 

course/biology and management (Benazzi 936 S); 

Continuum with bipolar I disorder (Benazzi 937 

S); Majro depressive disorder comparison (Benazzi 

938 S) 

Birth(s) Caesarean section vs for breech presentation, 

continuing debate and peer review (Term Breech 

Trial) (Bewley and Shennan 906 C); Live, mild 

ovarian stimulation for IVF with favourable 

outcomes (Ledger 717 Com), (Heijnen et al 743), 

(Craft and Hodgson 1855 C), (Fauser et al 1855 C), 

(Gleicher and Barad 1855 C); Multiple, reduced by 

mild ovarian stimulation for IVF (Ledger 717 Com), 

(Heijnen et al 743), (Craft and Hodgson 1855 C), 

(Fauser et al 1855 C), (Gleicher and Barad 1855 C); 

Training of traditional birth attendants in Guatemala 

(Replogle 177 WR) 

Birth rates Adolescent mothers (global perspectives) 

(Bearinger et al 1222 Ser) 

Bite marks On children, detection of physical abuse 

and effective interventions (Marcovitch and Jones 

1844 Com), (Dubowitz and Bennett 1891 S) 

Bivalirudin Heparin with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa 

inhibitors vs in moderate/high-risk acute coronary 

syndrome patients undergoing PCI (ACUITY trial) 


Bleeding In venous thromboembolism prevention 

using enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin 

(O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com) See also 

Haemorrhage 

Blogs On weight loss by Japanese ministers (McCurry 

451 WR), (Gluckman et al 1081 C) 

Blood Dark green, in sulfhaemoglobinaemia possibly 

due to sumatriptan (Flexman et al 1972 CR) 

Blood donors With subclinical cancer, cancer 

transmission risks (Utter 1670 Com), (Edgren et al 

1724) 

Blood group Change in SLE (Kremer Hovinga et al 

186 C), (Nakamura et al 187 C) 

Blood test Non-invasive prenatal test for fetal 

aneuploidies based on fetal DNA in maternal blood 

(Benachi and Costa 440 Com), (Dhallan et al 474), 

(Hultén 1997 C), (Hahn et al 1997 C), (Lo and Chiu 

1997 C), (Dhallan et al 1998 C) 

Blood transfusions Cancer transmission risk by 

(Utter 1670 Com), (Edgren et al 1724); Iranian 

Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), safety and 

democracy (Cheraghali 463 C) 

Bloomberg M Initiative and donation for tobacco 

control in US (2133 E) 

Body clock Role and jet lag (Waterhouse et al 1117 S) 

Boerma J T Profile of health statistician (Shetty 735 P) 

Bone marrow-derived stem cells Myocardial infarction 

therapy (Arnesen et al 2142 Com) 

Bone marrow transplantation Umbilical cord blood 

transplantation outcomes in children with acute 

leukaemia compared with (Rocha and Gluckman 

1906 Com), (Eapen et al 1947) 

BOOST study Bone marrow-derived stem cells for 

myocardial infarction (Arnesen et al 2142 Com) 

Bosnia Peace through medical education (Sambunjak 

and Šimunović 905 C) 

Botulinum toxin Hyperhidrosis treatment (Sonntag 

et al 1372 CP) 

Brain Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-borne GAD gene 

therapy for Parkinson’s disease, phase I trial (Stoessl 

2056 Com), (Kaplitt et al 2097); Changes during 

adolescence (Patton and Viner 1132 Ser); Emotion, 

ethical dilemmas and decision-making associated 

with areas for (Watts 90 Com); FMRI images whilst 

volunteers watch adverts, neuromarketing and 

(Butcher 551 P); Imaging of sexual response and 

disorders of sexual response (Basson and Weijmar 

Schultz 413 Ser); Injuries and sexual dysfunction 

after (Rees et al 514 Ser) 

Branson R Public-private approach by Virgin Health 

Bank for umbilical cord blood storage (437 E), 

(Templeton and Braude 1077 C) 

Breast cancer Anastrozole treatment and severe 

acute hepatitis after (de al Cruz et al 23 C); 

Diethylstilbestrol-related, compensation issues in 

Netherlands and France (‘t Hoen and Dukes 173 

Com), (‘t Hoen and Dukes 1259 C), (van Leeuwen 

et al 1258 C); Disease-free survival improved by 

exemestane after tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup 

Exemestane Study) (randomised trial) (531 E), 

(Boccardo and Rubagotti 533 Com), (Coombes et al 

559), (906 erratum), (Ferretti et al 1599 C), (Atkins 

1600 C), (Coombes et al 1600 C), (Ueda et al 1600 

C); Early, ovarian suppression by LHRH agonists 

as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal women 

(meta-analysis) (Wilcken and Stocker 1668 Com), 

(LHRH-agonists in Early Breast Cancer Overview 

group 1711); HER2-positive, follow-up of trastuzumab 

after adjuvant chemotherapy (randomised trial) 

(Hind et al 3 Com), (Smith et al 29), (Smith et al 

991 C), (Takita et al 991 C); Hormone-receptorpositive, 

ovarian suppression by LHRH agonists 

as adjuvant treatment (meta-analysis) (Wilcken 

and Stocker 1668 Com), (LHRH-agonists in Early 

Breast Cancer Overview group 1711); Microarray 

test to determine disease-free survival, approval by 

FDA (531 E), (Thorat 1428 C); Mortality rates in 

US (McCarthy 263 WR); Mortality reduction and 

effect of mammographic screening after 40 years 

of age (Bonneux 737 C), (Gøtzsche 737 C), (Kulaga 

and Karp 738 C), (Moss et al 738 C); STELLAR trial 

(raloxifene vs letrozole chemoprevention) not to be 

funded by NCI (2134 E); Study to study prevention 

by aromatase inhibitors on hold after NCI budget 

cut (531 E) 

Breastfeeding Benefit on child development in 

developing countries (Walker et al 149 Ser); Benefits 

of improved rates, Save the Children briefing paper 

and breaches in Code of Marketing Breast Milk 

Substitutes by food companies (MacDonald 1773 

Com); Exclusive, reduced HIV-1 transmission, 

comparison with mixed breastfeeding (Holmes and 

Savage 1065 Com), (Coovadia et al 1107), (Coovadia 

et al 2073 C), (Henderson et al 2073 C), (Silverstein 

2073 C), (Saloojee 2074 C), (Holmes and Savage 2075 

C); Pain reduction in babies by (Shann 721 Com), 

(Brovedani et al 1429 C) 

Breech presentation Caesarean section vs vaginal birth, 

continuing debate and peer review (Term Breech 

Trial) (Bewley and Shennan 906 C) 

British American Tobacco Conference on social 

corporate responsibility to be hosted by European 

Parliament and criticisms (Hyde 731 WR) 

British Approved Name (BAN) Changes to rINNs, 

naming systems, and need to avoid errors and 

confusion (Mehta and Aronson 1326 Com) 

British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 

Assessment of SLE activity (D’Cruz et al 593 S) 

British Medical Journal (BMJ) Publication of letter 

supporting junior doctors after MMC and MTAC 

introduction (Brown et al 967 Com) 

Bronchopulmonary sequestration Recurrent 

pneumonia caused by, features, treatment and 

differential diagnosis (Palmowski et al 1318 CR) 

Brugada syndrome Presenting with ST segment 

elevation (disappearance on cooling), 

hypothermia-associated ECG changes and nocturnal 

ventricular fibrillation (Tan and Meregalli 78 CR) 

Bruises On children, detection of physical abuse and 

effective interventions (Marcovitch and Jones 1844 

Com), (Dubowitz and Bennett 1891 S) 

Bulgaria Accession to EU (2 E); Doctors’ protest over 

health-care system crisis (corruption, staff shortages 

and low pay) (Ivanova 1157 WR) 

Burkina Faso Artemether-lumefantrine vs 

amodiaquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine vs for 

uncomplicated falciparum malaria (randomised trial) 

(Morrow 444 Com), (Zongo et al 491), (826 erratum) 

Burnham G Lunch with The Lancet article (Bristol 

99 P) 

Burns Childhood, detection of physical abuse and 



Burundi Health sector destroyed by ethnic war 

(Wakabi 1847 WR) 

Butler N R Obituary of paediatrician (Watts 1254 O) 

Buttock pain Broken strut in migrated inferior vena 

cava filter (Wiese et al 586 CP) 

Bwayo J J Obituary of director of Kenya AIDS Vaccine 

Research Initiative (Kapp 736 P) 

4 www.thelancet.com Index to Vol 369, 2007 

C 

Caeruloplasmin Wilson’s disease diagnosis (Ala et al 

401 S) 

Caesarean section Vaginal birth vs for breech 

presentation, continuing debate and peer review 

(Term Breech Trial) (Bewley and Shennan 906 C) 

Caffeinol In acute ischaemic stroke management 

(Sacco et al 336 R) 

Calabar swellings In loiasis and comparison with 

lesions in onchocerciasis (Sanders and Jaspers 271 

C), (Bani-Sadr et al 272 C) 

Calcium channel blockers Association with incident 

diabetes, network meta-analysis (Elliott and Meyer 

201), (Lam and Owen 1513 C), (Elliott and Meyer 1514 

C), (Johnston 1514 C), (1518 erratum) 

Cambodia Food crisis, funding needs by UN World 

Food Programme (1056 E); Health equity funds 

(Leemput et al 638 C); User fees vs equity fees for 

health care funding (Brikci and Philips 10 Com) 

Cameroon Acceptance of abortion by doctors and 

medical students (Wonkam and Hurst 1999 C) 

Canada SARS Commission report issued in 

Ontario (Webster 264 WR); Soldiers and doctors in 

Afghanistan face torture allegations (Webster 1419 

WR); Trends in diabetes prevalence/incidence and 

mortality from 1995 to 2005 (Lipscombe and Hux 

750), (Agyemang 1256 C), (Pandey and Gupta 1256 C), 

(Fujisawa et al 1257 C), (Theleritis et al 1257 C) 

Cancer Clinical trials, adverse-event rates published in 

and differences with rates in databases (Mahoney 

and Sargent 171 Com); Common, The Lancet’s 

call for papers (Turner and Collingridge 356 

Com); Diethylstilbestrol-related, compensation in 

Netherlands and France (‘t Hoen and Dukes 173 

Com), (‘t Hoen and Dukes 1259 C), (van Leeuwen 

et al 1258 C); Experience portrayed by artist (Buchan 

2154 O); Growing crisis in Africa and developing 

countries (1665 E); Metallic debris from orthopaedic 

implants and implications of (Learmonth and Case 

542 Com), (Pigatto et al 1168 C); Mortality in EU (531 

E); Mortality rates decline in US (McCarthy 263 WR); 

Prevention/detection, profile of researcher (Cuzick J) 

(Pincock 1685 P); Progression and metastases, 

gene signatures for (Eccles and Welch 1746 R); In 

puberty and adolescence (Patton and Viner 1135 Ser); 

Transmission risk by blood transfusions from donors 

with subclinical cancer (Utter 1670 Com), (Edgren 

et al 1724); Treatment comparisons by country, 

criticisms of UK and NICE and need for improved 

radiotherapy in UK (1665 E); US statistics and EU 

incidence decline (531 E) See also individual cancers 

Candida Virulence factors and vaginal colonisation 

(Sobel 1961 S) 

Candidaemia Micafungin vs liposomal amphotericin B 

(randomised trial) (Kuse et al 1519) 

Candidosis Invasive, micafungin vs liposomal 

amphotericin B (randomised trial) (Kuse et al 1519); 

Vulvovaginal see Vulvovaginal candidosis 

Capital punishment By lethal injections, procedural 

deficiencies and impossible to “fix” (Koniaris 

et al 352 Com); Statistics, botched executions, legal 

challenges in US and need to stop the death penalty 

(343 E), (Gupta et al 991 C) 

Carbamazepine Gabapentin, lamotrigine, 

oxcarbazepine or topiramate comparisons for partial 

epilepsy (SANAD randomised trial) (French 970 

Com), (Marson et al 1000) 

CARD15 (NOD2) gene Mutations in inflammatory 

bowel disease (Baumgart and Carding 1630 Ser) 

Cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by 

bystanders with chest compression only and need for 

new guidelines (Ewy 882 Com), (SOS-KANTO study 

group 920), (Koster et al 1924 C), (Svensson et al 1924 

C), (Hugli et al 1925 C), (Nagao et al 1925 C), (Perkins 

et al 1926 C); During termination of pregnancy, due to 

amniotic fluid embolism (Verroust et al 190 CR) 

Cardiac arrhythmias In Brugada syndrome and effect 

of cooling on ECG changes (Tan and Meregalli 78 

CR)

Cardiac-only resuscitation Cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation by bystanders with chest compression 

only and need for new guidelines for cardiac arrest 

(Ewy 882 Com), (SOS-KANTO study group 920), 

(Koster et al 1924 C), (Svensson et al 1924 C), (Hugli 

et al 1925 C), (Nagao et al 1925 C), (Perkins et al 

1926 C) 

Cardiology The Lancet’s call for papers (Spencer 1416 

Com); Obituary of paediatric cardiologist (Scott O) 

(Brown 2072 O) 

Cardiomyopathy Dilated, recovery after abstinence 

from cocaine, and mechanisms of cardiovascular 

complications of cocaine (Zacà et al 1574 CR) 

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation By bystanders 

with chest compression only and need for new 

guidelines for cardiac arrest (Ewy 882 Com), (SOS- 

KANTO study group 920), (Koster et al 1924 C), 

(Svensson et al 1924 C), (Hugli et al 1925 C), (Nagao 

et al 1925 C), (Perkins et al 1926 C) 

Cardiovascular disease Chronic low-dose aspirin 

therapy for and small bowel enteropathy associated 

(Leung et al 614 CR), (Thiefin 1690 C), (Leung et 

al 1691 C); Complications of cocaine abuse and 

possible mechanisms (Zacà et al 1574 CR); Event 

prediction by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 

(CRP) test (Stahl 1259 C); Homocysteine reduction 

effect, effect of folic acid supplementation on 

(Carlsson 1841 Com), (Wang et al 1876); NEJM 

systematic review suggesting rosiglitazone link 

to myocardial infarction, concerns and RECORD 

study (1834 E), (Krall 1995 C), (Nabel et al 2077 

C); Prevention with polypill (amlodipine plus 

perindopril)(ASCOT-BPLA trial) (Costantino 

et al 185 C), (Gaziano et al 186); Risk, frailty in 

elderly and (Strandberg and Pitkälä 1328 Com), 

(1860 erratum); Risk, in puberty and adolescence 

(Patton and Viner 1135 Ser); Risk associated with 

renin-angiotensin system and effects of blockade 

(Schmieder et al 1208 R); Risk in SLE (D’Cruz et al 

590 S); Risk reduction by early anaemia treatment 

in chronic kidney disease with erythropoietin and 

haemoglobin levels (Strippoli et al 346 Com), 

(Phrommintikul et al 381), (Ingelfinger and 

Remuzzi 1515 C), (Regidor and Kalantar-Zadeh 

1515 C), (Drüeke et al 1516 C), (Phrommintikul 

et al 1516 C), (Nonoguchi et al 1517 C), (Reinhold 

et al 1517 C); Safety of COX-2 inhibitors (Jick et 

al 555 C), (Cannon et al 556 C); Type 2 diabetes 

complications in children/adolescents (Pinhas- 

Hamiel and Zeitler 1828 R); Valsartan addition to 

conventional treatment of in Japan (Jikei Heart 

Study randomised trial) (Staessen and Richart 1407 

Com), (Mochizuki et al 1431) See also Coronary 

heart disease 

Carers Perspective on patient safety (Smith 823 C) 

Care workers Influenza vaccination (Jefferson and 

Demicheli 1857 C) 

Caribbean region Surplus specialists but shortages 

of primary care providers and community health 

workers (Fraser 179 WR) 

Carney triad Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (Rubin 

et al 1734 S) 

Carpal tunnel syndrome Management (van Tulder 

et al 1817 S) 

Case Report 

Amniotic fluid embolism during termination of 

pregnancy, presenting with ventricular fibrillation 

and cardiac arrest (Verroust et al 1900) 

Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica) 

(Poligone et al 530) 

1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) poisoning causing 

seizures and collapse (Wood et al 1490) 

Bronchopulmonary sequestration causing recurrent 

pneumonia (Palmowski et al 1318) 

Brugada syndrome presenting with ST segment 

elevation (disappearance on cooling), hypothermiaassociated 

ECG changes and nocturnal ventricular 

fibrillation (Tan and Meregalli 78) 

CNS tuberculosis and tuberculomas in child 

presenting with failure to thrive and vomiting 

(Logan et al 2132) 

Cortisol deficiency presenting with weight loss, 

abdominal symptoms and eosinophilia (Schattner 

and Zornitzki 2214) 

Dilated cardiomyopathy resolution after abstinence 

from cocaine (Zacà et al 1574) 

Disseminated tuberculosis after anti-TNFα treatment 

in rheumatoid arthritis (Malipeddi et al 162) 

Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with 

primary sclerosing cholangitis (Berghaus et al 1140) 

Gastrointestinal leucocytoclastic vasculitis presenting 

with life-threatening haemorrhage (Uzoigwe et al 

1054) 

Holmes-Adie syndrome associated with chronic 

cough (Ford et al 342) 

Meckel’s diverticulum causing profuse rectal bleeding 

(Geier et al 1664) 

Myocardial infarction in sickle-cell disease (Pavlö 

et al 246) 

Nephroptosis (floating kidney) presenting with renal 

colic after walking or driving over speed bumps 

(Nanayakkara et al 436) 

Neurosarcoidosis presenting with gait instability and 

vestibular dysfunction (Agari et al 878) 

Onchocerciasis, and comparison with loiasis (Sanders 

and Jaspers 271 C), (Bani-Sadr et al 272 C) 

Phaeochromocytoma crisis triggered by glucagon test 

and presenting with multi-organ failure (Roeters van 

Lennep et al 798) 

Radiotherapy-induced coronary-artery disease after 

mediastinal radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease 

(Bramkamp et al 1762) 

Small bowel enteropathy associated with chronic lowdose 

aspirin therapy (Leung et al 614) 

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension presenting 

with coma and positional headache and treatment by 

fibrin glue of CSF leak (Schievink et al 1402) 

Spontaneous intramural haematoma of oesophagus 

presenting with chest pain and misdiagnosis as 

angina (Tunnicliffe et al 964) 

Strongyloidiasis presenting with colitis in alcoholdependent 

woman after long latent period (Lashof 

et al 2050) 

Subdural haematoma as complication of 

haemodialysis presenting with facial weakness 

(Papadakis et al 714) 

Sulfhaemoglobinaemia causing cyanosis and dark 

green blood in patient with compartment syndrome 

(Flexman et al 1972) 

Varicella vaccination in child with acute lymphoblastic 

leukaemia (Schrauder et al 1232) 

Whipple’s disease mimicking sarcoidosis (Dzirlo et 

al 1832) 

CASES study Alteplase safety assessment (Albers and 

Olivot 249 Com) 

Cataplexy Clinical features (Dauvilliers et al 500 S); 

Treatment (Dauvilliers et al 506 S), (Caputo and Zoli 

1080 C), (Plazzi et al 1081 C) See also Narcolepsy with 

cataplexy 

Catecholamines Increase triggered by glucagon test for 

diabetes in phaeochromocytoma (Roeters van Lennep 

et al 798 CR) 

Cauda equina syndrome Sexual dysfunction in (Rees 


Caudwell Xtreme Everest team Effects of hypoxia studied 

in Mount Everest team (Butcher 1921 P) 

CD Of heart murmurs for medical students (Butcher 

1511 P) 

CD28 Monoclonal antibody (TGN1412), adverse events 

and impact on risk minimisation for first-in-man trial 

(Hemelaar 1496 Com) 

Cellulose sulphate Increased HIV risk associated with 

vaginal microbicides containing, trials stopped (615 E) 

Census data Equity measurements, child mortality and 

inequalities reduced in Thailand (Bhutta 804 Com), 

(Vapattanawong et al 850) 

Central Drug Administration In India, establishment to 

improve clinical trials and control of drugs (1233 E), 

(Epstein 1859 C) 

Central nervous system (CNS) Lupus, management 

(D’Cruz et al 591 S); Tuberculosis in child presenting 

with failure to thrive and vomiting (Logan et al 2132 

CR) 

Centre for International Health and Development 

Meeting in London on child development (Grantham- 

McGregor et al 824 C) 

Cereals Processed, iron-fortified, efficacy on iron status 

of children in Kenya (randomised trial) (Greiner 

1766 Com), (Andang’o et al 1799) 

Cerebral angiography Subarachnoid haemorrhage 

diagnosis (van Gijn et al 310 S) 

Cerebral arteries Causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage 

(van Gijn et al 307 S); Recanalisation, in acute 

ischaemic stroke management (Sacco et al 334 R) 

Cerebral ischaemia Aspirin plus dipyridamole vs 

aspirin after (ESPRIT) (274 erratum); Delayed, after 

subarachnoid haemorrhage, prevention (van Gijn 

et al 311 S) 

Cerebral palsy Happiness and quality of life in children 

(Dammann and O’Shea 2137 Com), (Dickinson et al 

2171); Trends and incidence decreased in preterm 

and very low birthweight infants in EU (Hack and 

Wilson Costello 7 Com), (Platt et al 43) 

Cerebral perfusion Augmentation, in acute ischaemic 

stroke management (Sacco et al 334 R); Restoration 

methods, in acute ischaemic stroke management 

(Sacco et al 331 R), (Chaudhuri 1079 C), (Oprisiu 

et al 1080 C) 

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Hypocretin levels, in 

narcolepsy with cataplexy (Dauvilliers et al 503 S); 

Leak, spontaneous intracranial hypotension due 

to and treatment by fibrin glue administration 

(Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) UK 

government interference in surgical training 

(Greenhalgh 1928 C) 

Certolizumab pegol Inflammatory bowel disease 


Cervical cancer Effect of HPV L1 virus-like-particle 

vaccine on (analysis of randomised trials) (Markman 

1837 Com), (The Future II Study Group 1861); 

Prevention, efficacy of L1 HPV virus-like-particle 

vaccine against HPV16 and HPV18 (randomised 

trial) (Kahn and Burk 2135 Com), (Paavonen et al 

2161) 

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Effect of HPV 

L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on prevention (analysis 

of randomised trials) (Markman 1837 Com), (The 

Future II Study Group 1861) 

Cervical lymphadenopathy In Kawasaki’s disease 

(Yeung 85 Com) 

Chan F K L Profile as clinical researcher in Hong Kong 

(Harris Cheng 1595 P) 

Chan M Election as WHO Director-General and 

questions over (Nishtar 185 C); Profile of WHO 

Director-General (Brown 899 P); Vision for WHO (as 

Director-General) (Samarasekera 1915 WR) 

Charcot J M Correction to book review details about 

(van Gijn 462 C) 

Charitable foundations Responsible governance and 

investment questions (163 E) 

Chechnya Profile of trauma and orthopaedics specialist 

(Yandarov S) (Parfitt 183 P) 

Chemicals Industrial, developmental neurotoxicity of 

(Grandjean and Landrigan 821 C), (Plunkett 821 C), 

(Saunders and Dziegielewska 821 C) 

Chemokines CXCL12, inactivation by DPP-4 (gliptin) 

(Focosi et al 269 C), (Grouzmann et al 269 C), 

(Mihkail 269 C) 

Chemoprevention STELLAR trial not to be funded by 

NCI (2134 E) 

Chemotherapy Access comparisons by country 

and strong criticisms of UK (1665 E); Acute 

lymphoblastic leukaemia and little benefit of 

additional pulses of vincristine and dexamethasone 

during continuation therapy in acute lymphoblastic 

leukaemia (randomised trial) (Saha 82 Com), 

(Conter et al 123); Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2110 

S); Preoperative, in non-small-cell lung cancer 

(NSCLC) (LU22 trial) (Bradbury and Shepherd 1903), 

(Gilligan et al 1929) See also individual drugs 

Chest compression Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 

by bystanders with and need for new guidelines for 

cardiac arrest (Ewy 882 Com), (SOS-KANTO study 

group 920), (Koster et al 1924 C), (Svensson et al 1924 

C), (Hugli et al 1925 C), (Nagao et al 1925 C), (Perkins 

et al 1926 C) 

Chest pain Coronary heart disease after mediastinal 

radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease (Bramkamp et al 

1762 CR); Non-specific, management (Henningsen 

et al 950 R); Spontaneous intramural haematoma 

of oesophagus presenting with and misdiagnosis as 

angina (Tunnicliffe et al 964 CR) 

Chickenpox Epidemiology (558 erratum) 

Chief Medical Officer in England Medical training 

reforms and Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) 

(879 E) 




Child abduction Call for assistance from health 

professionals (MacDonald and Summerskill 1846 

Com) 

Child abuse Child murder in Germany leads to 

proposals for legislation for cooperation between 

health workers and local authorities and early 

warning system (Hyde 95 WR); Physical, definition, 

prevalence, risk factors, assessment and outcomes 

(Marcovitch and Jones 1844 Com), (Dubowitz and 

Bennett 1891 S); Physical, detection and effective 

intervention/prevention (Marcovitch and Jones 1844 


Childbirth see Birth(s) 

Child development Development potential in 

first 5 years in developing countries (Jolly 8 

Com), (Grantham-McGregor et al 60 Ser); Early, 

global challenge and The Lancet series (Jolly 8 

Com), (Grantham-McGregor et al 60 Ser); Early, 

importance (Jolly 8 Com), (Grantham-McGregor 

et al 60 Ser); Early, Institute of Child Health 

meeting (London) (Grantham-McGregor et al 824 

C); Early, programmes to improve (Engle et al 230 

Ser); Lung, effect of traffic-related pollution on in 

children (Sandström and Brunekreef 535 Com), 

(Gauderman et al 571); Maternal fish consumption 

with beneficial effects in children (ALSPAC study) 


(Tamburlini and Barbone 1166 C), (Senanayake 1167 

C); Monitoring in developing countries (Engle et al 

235 Ser); Poor, economic implications (Jolly 8 Com), 

(Grantham-McGregor et al 66 Ser); Poor, problems of 

and predictors (Jolly 8 Com), (Grantham-McGregor 

et al 61 Ser); Profile of Victora C as researcher 

(Boseley 21 P); Risk factors for adverse outcomes in 

developing countries (Walker et al 145 Ser), (Moore 

et al 824 C); Strategies to avoid loss of developmental 

potential in developing countries (Engle et al 229 

Ser) 

Child development programmes (Engle et al 229 Ser); 

Investment in (Engle et al 237 Ser) 

Child health Research challenges, priorities (consensus 

survey), emphasis on health systems and funding 

(Costello et al 1240 Com), (Heikens et al 2159 C); Save 

the Children’s State of the World’s Mothers report and 

need for improvements (1666 E) 

Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) 

Interpretation of health statistics for policymaking 

and (Walker et al 956 Ser) 

Child mortality Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal 

conjugate vaccine (Sinha et al 389); From 

malnutrition (164 E); Reduction in Thailand 

linked to reduction in inequalities (from equity 

measurements in census data) and implications for 

other countries (Bhutta 804 Com), (Vapattanawong 

et al 850); Zinc supplementation effects (communitybased 

randomised trial) (Bhatnagar 885 Com), 

(Sazawal et al 927), (Müller et al 2155 C), (Black et al 

2156 C), (Verhoef 2156 C) See also Child survival 

Children Acute leukaemia, outcomes of umbilical 

cord blood transplantation vs bone marrow 

transplantation (Rocha and Gluckman 1906 Com), 

(Eapen et al 1947); Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 

treatment see Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL); 

Bipolar disorders (Benazzi 940 S); Cerebral palsy, 

quality of life and happiness (Dammann and 

O’Shea 2137 Com), (Dickinson et al 2171); Dengue 

infection burden in Thailand (Halstead et al 1410 

Com), (Anderson et al 1452); Diabetes mellitus type 

2 complications (Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1823 

R); Diabetic, deaths and lack of insulin (Gale 461 

C), (Hirst 461 C), (Krishnaswami 461 C); End-of-life 

care, need for improvements and reduction of deaths 

in intensive care (1576 E); Fortification of maize 

flour with iron and effect on iron status in Kenya 

(randomised trial) (Greiner 1766 Com), (Andang’o 

et al 1799); Health care in US, SCHIP’s budget 

changes and support for expansion of plan to include 

all uninsured children (799 E); Hearing impairment, 

global burden and disease control priorities in 

developing countries (Olusanya and Newton 1314 

V), (1860 erratum); Hearing loss, implications and 

early detection and intervention as priority (1234 

E); HPV vaccine may be mandatory in US and 

backlash to plans (Udesky 979 WR); Malnutrition 

increase in India despite economic boom (Chatterjee 

1417 WR); Mandatory check-ups in Germany and 

opposition by doctors despite child murder case 

(Hyde 95 WR); Maternal fish consumption with 

beneficial effects on neurodevelopment (ALSPAC 

study) (Myers and Davidson 537 Com), (Hibbeln et al 

578), (Tamburlini and Barbone 1166 C), (Senanayake 

1167 C); Mentally and physically disabled girl kept 

childlike in US, compassionate or violation of human 

rights? (80 E); Metabolic syndrome in, diagnosis 

and definition of obesity (Zimmet et al 2059 

Com); Murder in Germany leads to proposals for 

legislation for cooperation between health workers 

and local authorities and early warning system 

(Hyde 95 WR); Neglect, detection and effective 


Com), (Dubowitz and Bennett 1891 S); Pneumonia, 

effect of age, polymicrobial disease and HIV status 

on treatment response and cause, in South Africa 

(Steinhoff and Black 1409 Com), (McNally et al 1440); 

Pneumonia admissions decline after pneumococcal 

conjugate vaccine immunisation (time-series 

analysis) (Levine and Cutts 1144 Com), (Grijalva 

et al 1179); Severe acute malnutrition management 

(Kolsteren et al 740 C), (Collins et al 741 C), (1260 

erratum); Severe sepsis, management with activated 

drotrecogin alfa and clinical/laboratory characteristics 

(RESOLVE randomised trial) (Opal 803 Com), (Nadel 

et al 836); Stunted or living in poverty, numbers 

(Jolly 8 Com), (Grantham-McGregor et al 64 Ser); 

Traffic accidents and injuries to in Malawi (Molyneux 

642 C); Traffic-related pollution effect on lung 

development (Sandström and Brunekreef 535 Com), 

(Gauderman et al 571); Undernutrition, The Lancet’s 

call for papers on (Black et al 725 Com); Violence 

against (response to The Lancet editorial) (Germain 

24 C), (Gupta et al 24 C), (Zeitz 24 C); Wellbeing, 

UNICEF report ranking UK and US children at 

bottom (616 E) 

Child survival Progress in some countries, Save the 

Children’s State of the World’s Mothers report (1666 

E); Research challenges, priorities (consensus 

survey), emphasis on health systems and funding 

(Costello et al 1240 Com), (Heikens et al 2159 C); 

Role of community health-workers and large-scale 

interventions by, Mitanin programme of India 

(Sundararaman 2058 Com), (Haines 2121 R); Save the 

Children’s State of the World’s Mothers report and need 

for improvements (1666 E) See also Child mortality 

Chile Coronary heart disease statistics, risk factors and 

health reforms (Bambs et al 825 C) 

Chimera research Light regulation needed and HFEA 

delayed decision (164 E) 

China Food contamination with melamine and 

(1575 E); Health care status and plans for reforms 

(Watts 93 WR); Health partnership with Taiwan 

urgently needed (Hou 1345 C); Hepatitis B 

prevalence, treatment, costs and research (Liu and 

Fan 1582 Com); HIV/AIDS statistics and evolution 

of response to (615 E), (Hesketh 621 Com), (Wu et al 

679 PH); Hong Kong to reduce influx of pregnant 

women from (Harris Cheng 981 WR); Impact of 

environment on health and number of preventable 

deaths (2052 E); New regulations to reduce organ 

trafficking (Watts 1917 WR); Pay-or-die policy (for 

treatment costs) and protests over (Watts 93 WR); 

Research reforms and Chinese Academy of Sciences’ 

plans to prevent misconduct (880 E); Scientific 

investment increase and competitor or collaborator 

with UK for science-based innovation (Shetty 813 

WR), (Singh and Gupta 1688 C); Syphilis resurgence 

and results of national surveillance programme 

(Fisman 84 Com), (Chen et al 132), (Chen and Cohen 

1165 C), (Senanayake 1165 C); Tuberculosis control 

progress and development of public-health system 

(Sleigh 626 Com), (Wang et al 691 PH) 

Chinese Academy of Sciences Plans for commission for 

scientific integrity and controls to prevent misconduct 

(880 E) 

CHOIR trial Haemoglobin levels for correction 

of anaemia in chronic kidney disease with 

erythropoietin (Strippoli et al 346 Com), 

(Phrommintikul et al 381), (Ingelfinger and Remuzzi 

1515 C), (Regidor and Kalantar-Zadeh 1515 C), 

(Drüeke et al 1516 C), (Phrommintikul et al 1516 C), 

(Nonoguchi et al 1517 C), (Reinhold et al 1517 C) 

Cholangitis Primary sclerosing, endogenous lipoid 

pneumonia associated with (Berghaus et al 1140 CR) 

Cholecystectomy Laparoscopic, for acute cholecystitis, 

clinical update (Germanos et al 1774 Com) 

Cholecystitis, acute Early surgery, clinical update 

(Germanos et al 1774 Com) 

Cholesterol Reduction in coronary heart disease and 

metabolic syndrome (Treating to New Targets study) 

(Goldstein 25 C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 25 C), 

(Caputo and Bernardi 26 C), (Deedwania et al 26 C), 

(Butler and Wainwright 27 C), (Moon et al 640 C), 

(1168 erratum), (Butler and Wainwright 1787 C) See 

also Lipid lowering 

Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration study 

Analysis of primary and secondary prevention groups 

together affecting results (Abramson and Wright 168 

Com), (McPherson and Kavaslar 1078 C), (Mascitelli 

and Pezzetta 1078 C), (Reidenberg 1078 C), (Wright 

and Abramson 1079 C) 

Chromium In orthopaedic implants and possibly 

genotoxicity and cancer pathogenesis (Learmonth and 

Case 542 Com), (Pigatto et al 1168 C) 

Chromosomes Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal 

aneuploidies based on fetal DNA in maternal blood 




Chronic fatigue syndrome Management (Henningsen 

et al 950 R) 

Chronic illness Adolescents, health systems for, 

challenges (Sawyer et al 1481 Ser); In puberty and 

adolescence (Patton and Viner 1133 Ser); Risky 

behaviour in adolescents and (Sawyer et al 1484 Ser); 

Sexual dysfunction in, pathophysiology/assessment 

and management (Basson 350 Com), (Basson and 

Weijmar Schultz 409 Ser), (Trotta et al 905 C) 

Chronic kidney disease see Kidney disease, chronic 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) The 

Lancet’s call for papers on (Kleinert 889 Com) 

Cigarette smoking see Smoking 

Circadian rhythm Role and jet lag (Waterhouse et al 

1117 S) 

Circumcision (male) HIV risk cut (HIV prevention) 

in Kenya and Uganda (randomised trials) (615 E), 

(Newell and Bärnighausen 617 Com), (Boseley 635 

P), (Bailey et al 643), (Gray et al 657), (Sawires et al 

708 V), (Brewer et al 1597 C), (Kalichman et al 1597 

C), (O’Farrell et al 1597 C), (Bailey et al 1598 C), 

(Denniston and Hill 1598 C); Timing, practices, safety 

and complications (Sawires et al 708 V) 

Cirrhosis In Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 400 S) 

Citicoline Acute ischaemic stroke management (Sacco 

et al 336 R) 

Citizens’ Jury Public assessment of priorities for research 

(Calnan et al 28 C) 

Clarithromycin Effect on macrolide-resistant commensal 

oral streptococcal flora in healthy people (randomised 

trial) (Dancer 442 Com), (Malhotra-Kumar et al 482) 

Clarke P Obituary of obstetrician and gynaecologist 

(Pincock 1076 O) 

Climate change Greenhouse-gas costs of clinical trials 

(McMichael and Bambrick 1584 Com) 

Climbié report Child abuse case in UK (Marcovitch and 

Jones 1844 Com) 

Clinical consultations Medicalisation of HIV treatment 

and (Patton 706 EF) 

Clinical Picture 

Ascaris lumbricoides in nasogastric tube (Dhir and 

Kumar 1460) 

Auricular calcification and shock in adrenocortical 

insufficiency (Fukushima et al 856) 

Broken strut in inferior vena cava filter causing 

buttock pain (Wiese et al 586) 

CAT scan of BAT sign (Braiteh et al 217) 

Ecthyma gangrenosum (Craigie et al 1540) 

Eosinophilic oesophagitis presenting with recurrent 

dysphagia (Basavaraju et al 1814) 

Episodic abdominal pain due to retrograde 

menstruation caused by imperforate hymen 

(Chuang and Kan 1890) 

Hyperhidrosis treated by botulinum toxin injections 

(Sonntag et al 1372) 

Plasmocytoma presenting with softening of head 

and differential diagnosis from meningioma 

(van Santbrink and Cornips 1286) 

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (Di Giorgio et al 

766) 

Radiology limits and impaired gas exchange 

(Breidthardt 2030) 


Clinical research Australia, political conservatism, 

and silencing of independent opinion in research 

community (1320 E), (Butler 2075 C), (Due 2075 C); 

In India, ethical concerns on trials, new guidelines 

and clinical drug registry (1233 E), (Epstein 1859 

C); Japan’s 5-year plan to boost (McCurry 1333 SR), 

(Ebihara 2076 C); UK report, late-stage clinical testing 

and need for redesign of clinical research structures 

(Crowley 174 Com) See also Medical research 

Clinical trials Adverse-event rates published in and 

differences between rates in databases (Mahoney 

and Sargent 171 Com); EU Clinical Trials Directive, 

follow-up after 3 years, concerns over costs and 

bureaucracy (Hoey 1777 WR); First-in-man trials, 

risk minimisation and impact of anti-CD28 

monoclonal trial (TGN1412) (Hemelaar 1496 Com); 

Greenhouse-gas costs and need for reduction 

(McMichael and Bambrick 1584 Com); Haemoglobin 

target levels in chronic kidney disease and no need 

for more trials (Strippoli et al 346 Com), (Ingelfinger 


1515 C), (Drüeke et al 1516 C), (Phrommintikul 

et al 1516 C), (Nonoguchi et al 1517 C), (Reinhold 

et al 1517 C); Late-stage, report on strategic position 

of drug development and clinical research in UK 

(Crowley 174 Com); NCI trials and flow of data , 

adverse-event rates (Mahoney and Sargent 171 Com); 

Number in India, ethical concerns, new guidelines 

and clinical drug registry (1233 E), (Epstein 1859 C); 

Phase I, access to drugs for terminally ill patients 

in US (Bristol 815 WR); Phase I, adeno-associated 

virus (AAV)-borne GAD gene therapy in Parkinson’s 

disease (Stoessl 2056 Com), (Kaplitt et al 2097); 

Registration policy, evaluation of progress and 

criteria for registration (by ICMJE) (Laine et al 1909 

Com) See also Randomised trials 

Clinical updates (McNamee 725 Com); Acute 

cholecystitis and early surgery for (Germanos 

et al 1774 Com); Atrial septal defect in adults 

(Lindsey and Hillis 1244 Com); Essential tremor 

(Benito-León and Louis 1152 Com), (Critchley 2157 

C); Henoch-Schönlein purpura (Saulsbury 976 

Com); Hot flushes and new treatments for (Stearns 

2062 Com); Immunosuppression minimisation 

(Sayegh and Remuzzi 1676 Com); Intravenous iron 

for anaemia (Auerbach et al 1502 Com); Irritable 

bowel syndrome (Spiller 1586 Com); In The Lancet 

(McNamee 725 Com); Low back pain (Balagué et 

al 726 Com); Low-glycaemic-index diet (Ludwig 

890 Com); Perioperative fluid management (Jacob 

et al 1984 Com); Postoperative analgesia (Myles 

and Power 810 Com), (Myles and Power 2000 C), 

(Maxwell and Bateman 2000 C); Stroke management 

(Hankey 1330 Com); Syphilis in adults (Wöhrl and 

Geusau 1912 Com) 

Clocks Antikythera mechanism as astronomical 

calendar from ancient Greece (Sharp 176 Com) 

Clonidine Treatment for hot flushes, clinical update 

(Stearns 2062 Com) 

Clopidogrel Aspirin with for prevention of vascular 

events in atrial fibrillation (ACTIVE W) (Harris Cheng 

105 C), (Connolly et al 106 C), (King and Bhala 106 C) 

Close W Lunch with The Lancet article (Oransky 457 P) 

Cluster headache Treatment by occipital nerve 

stimulation (Ambrosini 1063 Com), (Burns et al 

1099) 

Cocaine Dilated cardiomyopathy resolution after 

abstinence (Zacà et al 1574 CR); Mechanisms of 

cardiovascular complications (Zacà et al 1574 CR) 

Code of ethics For scientists to include “rigour, respect 

and responsibility” (Pang 1068 Com), (Holdstock 

1789 C) 

Code of Marketing Breast Milk Substitutes Breaches 

by food companies and need for WHO to ensure 

adherence to code (MacDonald 1773 Com) 

Cognitive development Early, predictive of school 

progress (Jolly 8 Com), (Grantham-McGregor et al 61 

Ser); Stimulation interventions, effects in developing 

countries (Walker et al 151 Ser) 

Cognitive function Benefits of folic acid 

supplementation in older adults (FACIT randomised 

trial) (Morris and Tangney 166 Com), (Durga et 

al 208), (Durga et al 1601 C), (Reynolds 1601 C), 

(Umhau 1602 C) 

Cohn J Lunch with The Lancet article (Oransky 1921 P) 

Cold, common Limit of radiology, impaired 

gas exchange and need for clinical diagnosis 

(Breidthardt 2030 CP) 

Colitis Strongyloides stercoralis infection presenting 

with (Lashof et al 2050 CR) 

Collagen Autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts 

injection vs for stress urinary incontinence 

(randomised trial) (Novara and Artibani 2139 Com), 

(Strasser et al 2179) 

Collins report Child mortality due to malnutrition 

(164 E) 

Colon Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (Di Giorgio 

et al 766 CP) 

Colonic stents Clinical trials and premature closure 

of Dutch Stent-in I Colonic Stenting study (Audisio 

et al 188 C) 

Colorectal adenoma Daily aspirin effective in reduction 

and reduction of colorectal cancer with latency of 10 

years (Chan 1577 Com), (Flossmann et al 1603) 

Colorectal cancer Mortality rates decline in US 

(McCarthy 263 WR); Primary prevention by daily 

aspirin, effectiveness with latency of 10 years (Chan 

1577 Com), (Flossmann et al 1603) 

Columbia Abortion laws loosened (Replogle 15 WR) 

Coma Spontaneous intracranial hypotension 

presenting with and reversal by fibrin glue treatment 

of CSF leak (Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Comment 

Abortion, intervals and routes of administration 

of misoprostol in early pregnancy (Winikoff and 

Davis 1904) 

Absorbable coronary stents (Ormiston and Webster 

1839) 

ACUITY-PCI trial of bivalirudin vs heparin and 

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors during PCI in 

moderate/high-risk acute coronary syndrome 

(Waksman 881) 

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children 

simplified after lack of benefit of additional pulses 

of vincristine and dexamethasone in intensive 

chemotherapy (Saha 82) 

Adolescent health, The Lancet series and special 

health issues (Kleinert 1057) 

Adolescent health and global issues (Resnick and 

Bowes 1058) 

Adverse-event rates in peer-reviewed journals and 

databases (Mahoney and Sargent 171) 

AIDS and security implications (Csete 720) 

Alcohol consumption and public health in Russia 

(Rehm and Gmel 1975) 

Alteplase (intravenous) for ischaemic stroke (Albers 

and Olivot 249) 

Animal research controversy (Weatherall 1147) 

Antibiotic prescribing cautions and ecological 

side-effects of macrolides on macrolide resistance 

(Dancer 442) 

Antikythera mechanism as astronomical calendar 

from ancient Greece (Sharp 176) 

Antimalarial drug combinations for different regions 

(Morrow 444) 

Aromatase inhibitors in early breast cancer and 

improved disease-free survival after switching to 

exemestane after tamoxifen treatment and analysis 

of trials (Boccardo and Rubagotti 533) 

Asbestos and predictable outcomes, historical 

asbestos consumption (use) and link to asbestosrelated 

disease (Wagner 973) 

Aspirin effectiveness in primary prevention of 

colorectal cancer (Chan 1577) 

Aspirin for pre-eclampsia reduction, benefits 

(Roberts and Catov 1765) 

Baby-milk formula marketing, continuation of 

dubious practices by food companies and WHO’s 

responsibilities (MacDonald 1773) 

Breastfeeding (exclusive) and HIV-1 transmission 

risks (Holmes and Savage 1065) 

Cancer transmission by blood transfusion from 

donors with subclinical cancer (Utter 1670) 

Cardiac arrest and guideline changes urgently 

needed (Ewy 882) 

Cell therapy in myocardial infarction (Arnesen et al 

2142) 

Cerebral palsy and self-reported quality of life 

(Dammann and O’Shea 2137) 

Cerebral palsy incidence decreased in preterm 

and/or very low birthweight infants (Hack and 

Wilson Costello 7) 

Child abduction and call for assistance (MacDonald 

and Summerskill 1846) 

Child abuse (physical, neglect) , detection and 

effective intervention (Marcovitch and Jones 1844) 

Childhood pneumonia, effect of age, polymicrobial 

disease and HIV status on treatment response 

(Steinhoff and Black 1409) 

Child mortality and inequalities reduced in Thailand 

in census data (Bhutta 804) 

Clinical trial registration, progress and criteria 

evaluated (Laine et al 1909) 

Clinical update: acute cholecystitis and early surgery 

for (Germanos et al 1774) 

Clinical update: atrial septal defect in adults (Lindsey 

and Hillis 1244) 

Clinical update: essential tremor (diagnosis and 

treatment) (Benito-León and Louis 1152) 

Clinical update: Henoch-Schönlein purpura 

(Saulsbury 976) 

Clinical update: hot flushes and new treatments for 

(Stearns 2062) 

Clinical update: immunosuppression minimisation 

(Sayegh and Remuzzi 1676) 

Clinical update: intravenous iron for anaemia 

(Auerbach et al 1502) 

Clinical update: irritable bowel syndrome (Spiller 

1586) 

Clinical update: low back pain (Balagué et al 726) 

Clinical update: low-glycaemic-index diet (Ludwig 

890) 

Clinical update: perioperative fluid management 

(Jacob et al 1984) 

Clinical update: postoperative analgesia (Myles and 

Power 810) 

Clinical update: stroke management (Hankey 1330) 

Clinical update: syphilis in adults (Wöhrl and 

Geusau 1912) 

Clinical Updates in The Lancet (McNamee 725) 

Code of ethics for scientists (Pang 1068) 

Community health-workers, large-scale 

interventions, and achieving child survival goals 

(Sundararaman 2058) 

Competition for research funding, preparation of 

applications with expenditure of energy on selfpromotion 

and suggestion of unique identifiers for 

researchers (Whiteman 449) 

Coronary stent thrombosis of drug-eluting stents 

(Urban and De Benedetti 619) 

COX-2 inhibitors and assessment of upper 

gastrointestinal safety improvement (Drenth and 

Verheugt 439) 

Darunavir, efficacy and safety in HIV-1 infection 

(MacArthur 1143) 

Dengue infection burden in Thailand (Halstead et 

al 1410) 

Dermatology, call for papers (Godsland 725) 

Dietary intake of folate and effect of supplementation 

on cognitive function in older adults (Morris and 

Tangney 166) 

Diethylstilboestrol injury compensation (‘t Hoen 

and Dukes 173) 

Drug development and clinical research in UK 

(Crowley 174) 

Drug names, need to avoid confusion, naming 

schemes, BANs and rINNs and drug errors (Mehta 

and Aronson 1326) 

Early childhood development and global challenge 

(Jolly 8) 

Epilepsy (newly-diagnosed) and first-choice drug 

(French 970) 

Ethical and moral reasoning/judgments and 

scientific analysis of decision-making in ethics 

(Watts 90) 

EU Pharmaceutical Code (Review 2001) transparency 

(Pimpinella and Malgarini 90) 

Execution by lethal injection, problems and 

impossible to “fix” (Koniaris et al 352) 

FDA draft guidance on patient-reported outcomes 

(PROs) and EMEA’s reflection paper (Revicki 540) 

FDA reforms, Scientific Knowledge and Public 

Policy meeting and need for Congressional caution 

(Robbins 1583) 

Fetal alcohol syndrome, law and ethics (Mukherjee 

et al 1149) 

First-in-man trials and risk minimisation (Hemelaar 

1496) 

Fortification of processed cereals with iron in Kenya 

(Greiner 1766) 




Frailty of elderly people (Strandberg and Pitkälä 

1328), (1860 erratum) 

Gait analysis to assist walking after stroke (Patrick 

and Keenan 256) 

Gene therapy with adeno-associated virus borne 

GAD gene for Parkinson’s disease (Stoessl 2056) 

Global Fund programme performance and 

evaluation score analysis (Murray et al 1768) 

Global Health Partnerships: the UK contribution to 

health in developing countries (Lord Crisp’s report) 

(Pelly 1498) 

Global measles mortality reduction goal (2005) 

and achievements of political will and effective 

international partnership (Elliman and Bedford 

165) 

Global poliomyelitis eradication, status and 

implications (Fine and Griffiths 1321) 

Greenhouse-gas costs of clinical trials and initiative 

from London School of Hygiene and Tropical 

Medicine (McMichael and Bambrick 1584) 

Haemoglobin targets (upper limits) for chronic 

kidney disease treated by erythropoietin (Strippoli 

et al 346) 

Health as instrument of foreign policy, UK 

achievements in global health and UK Governmentwide 

global strategy (Horton 806) 

Health statistics, commitment to transparency 

and accountability, The Lancet series and political 

dimensions (Boerma and Abou-Zahr 718) 

Health-system reforms to control tuberculosis in 

China (Sleigh 626) 

Helminth elimination and impact on malaria 

(Specht and Hoerauf 446) 

Hepatitis B in China (Liu and Fan 1582) 

HIV/AIDS and call for papers for The Lancet issue 

(James et al 628) 

HIV/AIDS in China, statistics and evolution of 

response to (Hesketh 621) 

HIV/AIDS in Taiwan, statistics and response to 

(Chen and Kuo 623) 

HIV-testing guidelines revision and routine opt-out 

HIV testing (US) (Lifson and Rybicki 539) 

HPV vaccines to prevent cervical cancer (Markman 

1837) 

Human papillomavirus vaccines and cervical cancer 

prevention (Kahn and Burk 2135) 

Human resources in developing countries and 

health worker number as constraining factor on 

vaccination coverage (Lanata 1238) 

Human rights abuse and criminal violations in 

Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and clarification over lack 

of disclosure and conflict of interest (Horton and 

Summerskill 355) 

Infant vitamin A supplementation, consensus and 

controversy (Brabin 2054) 

Intervertebral disc transplantation (Skalli and 

Dubousset 968) 

Intuitive prosthetic limb control by targeted 

reinnervation (Hochberg and Taylor 345) 

In-vitro fertilisation by mild ovarian stimulation with 

favourable outcomes (Ledger 717) 

JELIS study of effects of eicosapentaenoic acid 

on coronary events in hypercholesterolaemia 

(Mozaffarian 1062) 

Jikei Heart Study and valsartan benefits in 

hypertension and cardiovascular disease (Staessen 

and Richart 1407) 

Kawasaki’s disease and contribution of clinical 

phenotype to coronary outcome (Yeung 85) 

The Lancet’s call for essays from young professionals 

on Global Forum for Health Research theme 

(Ramsay 809) 

The Lancet’s call for fiction on aspect of medical 

science of health (short story competition) (Pini 

and Osmond 450), (1430 erratum) 

The Lancet’s call for gastroenterology papers 

(Summerskill 260) 

The Lancet’s call for papers on cardiology (Spencer 

1416) 

The Lancet’s call for papers on common cancers 

(Turner and Collingridge 356) 

The Lancet’s call for papers on COPD (Kleinert 889) 

The Lancet’s call for papers on health in Latin 

America (McCarthy and Clark 1675) 

The Lancet’s call for papers on HIV/AIDS (James 

et al 628) 

The Lancet’s choice of Paper of the Year 2006 

(Butcher 91) 

The Lancet’s peer reviewers, thanks to (Kleinert 809) 

Leprosy elimination, history in Europe and 

archaeological evidence for disappearance of disease 

(Sharp 808) 

Levodopa and melanoma risk, increased melanoma 

frequency in Parkinson’s disease (Zanetti and 

Rosso 257) 

Lipid-lowering guidelines and query over evidencebase 

(Abramson and Wright 168) 

Living kidney donation and hypertension risk 

(Nguyen et al 87) 

Magpie Trial long-term follow-up (Farrell and Duley 

13) 

Malaria control and need for mass distribution of 

insecticidal bednets (Teklehaimanot et al 2143) 

Male circumcision to reduce HIV risk (Newell and 

Bärnighausen 617) 

Maternal and child survival, research challenges, 

priorities, consensus survey, and funding (Costello 

et al 1240) 

Maternal and child undernutrition and The Lancet’s 

call for papers (Black et al 725) 

Maternal fish consumption and benefits on 

neurodevelopmental outcome in children (ALSPAC 

study) (Myers and Davidson 537) 

Medicalisation in 21st century (McLellan 627) 

Medical Training and Application Service (MTAS) 

scandal, Independent Review Body, national 

changeover date, Postgraduate Medical Education 

Training Board powerless, urgent need to stop 

interviews (Brown et al 1673) 

Mental health in development and importance of link 

(Gureje and Jenkins 447) 

Mental illness and mental-health care needs of young 

people (Tonin 1239) 

Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents 

(Zimmet et al 2059) 

Metallic debris from orthopaedic implants, 

mutagenic changes, and National Joint Registry in 

England and Wales (Learmonth and Case 542) 

Modernising Medical Careers, Medical Training 

Application Service and Postgraduate Medical 

Education and Training Board, call for Royal 

Colleges ballot after march in London (Brown 

et al 967) 

Morphine prescribing concerns, disquiet after 

Shipman, and need to encourage greater use to 

reduce pain (Sykes 1325) 

MRI and CT for assessment of suspected acute 

stroke (Donnan et al 252) 

Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis and evidence for 

person-to-person transmission in UK (Thoen and 

LoBue 1236) 

Myoblasts and fibroblasts in stress urinary 

incontinence (Novara and Artibani 2139) 

Necrotising enterocolitis prevention with probiotics 

in very low birthweight infants (Caffarelli and 

Bernasconi 1578) 

Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis, evidence 

supporting (Wilcken and Gaskin 1146) 

Newborn screening for inherited metabolic disease 

(medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) 

(Grosse and Dezateux 5) 

NHS and Gerry Robinson, need for communication, 

inefficiency of hospitals, arrogance of surgeons and 

skills learnt (Stein 1150) 

Non-small-cell lung cancer and chemotherapy and 

surgery (LU22 trial) for (Bradbury and Shepherd 

1903) 

Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome 

management (Stone 801) 

NSAID therapy for prevention of recurrent ulcer 

bleeding (Scheiman and Fendrick 1580) 

Nuclear fusion energy and timetable for, alternative 

fusion methods (Sharp 259) 

Occipital nerve stimulation for intractable cluster 

headache (Ambrosini 1063) 

Onchocerciasis control, ivermectin use and 

ivermectin resistance (Hotez 1979) 

Ovarian cancer and risk associated with HRT in 

Million Women Study (Narod 1667) 

Ovarian suppression by LHRH agonists for early 

breast cancer treatment (Wilcken and Stocker 1668) 

Patients’ understanding of risk (Mahajan 1243) 

Personalised medicine and definition of Asian (Po 

1770) 

Pesticide self-poisoning, safe storage but need for 

new policies on pesticide use (Konradsen et al 169) 

Pharmaceutical Price Regulatory Scheme (PPRS) 

reforms and value-based pricing of drugs (UK) 

(Webb and Walker 1415) 

Piperazine (1-benzylpiperazine) poisoning and as 

drugs of abuse (Staack 1411) 

Pneumococcal vaccination and public health 

improvement (Levine and Cutts 1144) 

Podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis) 

associated with volcanic soil (Davey and Newport 

888) 

Population growth and devastating impact on 

Millennium Development Goals (UK report) (Potts 

and Fotso 354) 

Prenatal diagnosis (non-invasive) of fetal 

aneuploidies (Benachi and Costa 440) 

Procedural simulation for medical training (Dawson 

and Gould 1671) 

Psychoactive drugs of misuse and rational scale to 

assess harm (Hall 972) 

Raltegravir as new antiretroviral class for salvage 

therapy (Cahn and Sued 1235) 

Rape, response needed in conflict settings and 

prevalence of HIV infection (Jewkes 2140) 

RESOLVE trial results on drotrecogin alfa in children 

with severe sepsis (Opal 803) 

Robotic prostatectomy, advantages and costs (Rocco 

and Djavan 723) 

Royal College of Physicians inquiry results on 

medical professionalism and conclusions (Horton 

et al 1405) 

Sexuality in chronic illness, The Lancet series 

(Basson 350) 

Singapore Medical Council’s challenge of decision 

of General Medical Council and concerns over rule 

change by GMC and doctors working under foreign 

jurisdictions (Shorvon 1835) 

Snus (smokeless tobacco), public health impact 

and effect of use on health and possible pancreatic 

cancer risk (Foulds and Kozlowski 1976) 

Steroids to prevent postextubation laryngeal oedema 

(Pearse and Young 1060) 

Stroke prevention by reducing homocysteine, effect 

of folic acid supplementation (Carlsson 1841) 

Stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack (Kernan 

251) 

Stroke-unit care and observational comparisons of 

different clinical services (Rothwell 254) 

Substance-use interventions in developing countries 

(Obot 1323) 

Suckling and sugar reduce pain in babies (Shann 

721) 

Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in India 

(Francis 1322) 

Synchrotrons as “super microscopes” (Sharp 1982) 

Syphilis resurgence in China (Fisman 84) 

Talc pleurodesis and acute respiratory distress 

syndrome (Aelony 1494) 

Telomere length and prediction of cardiovascular risk 

(Spyridopoulos and Dimmeler 81) 

Therapeutic power of doctors lost and minimisation 

of relationship and respect between doctors and 

patients (Heath and Nessa 886) 

Thromboembolism prevention in ischaemic stroke 

and PREVAIL trial of enoxaparin vs unfractionated 

heparin (O’Donnell and Kearon 1413) 

Traffic-related pollution and lung development in 

children (Sandström and Brunekreef 535) 

Translational research strategy for UK (Lord and 

Trembath 1771) 

Transplantation outcomes in children with acute 

leukaemia (Rocha and Gluckman 1906) 

Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2positive 

breast cancer (Hind et al 3) 

Tuberculosis diagnosis improved by improved 

sputum quality (sputum-submission guidance) 

(Alisjahbana and van Crevel 1908) 

Tuberculosis screening in primary care, promotion 

and education outreach programme, and 

implications of international travel (Mant and 

Mayon-White 1493) 

UK Biobank, aims, pilot study, concerns and 

resolution of objections (Palmer 1980) 

User fees or equity funds in low-income countries 

(Brikci and Philips 10) 

VALIDD, effect of valsartan (angiotensin-receptor 

blocker) on diastolic function in hypertension and 

need for aggressive treatment of hypertension 

(Ahmed et al 2053) 


Vote buying in UN Security Council (Woodward 12) 

WHO recommendations and use of evidence for 

guidelines, culture change (Hill and Pang 1842) 

WHO should defend patients’ interests not drug 

industry (Cawthorne et al 974) 

“Women Deliver: investing in maternal health” call 

for papers on (Horton and Starrs 1067) 

World Bank’s new health strategy (McCoy 1499) 

Zinc supplementation effect on child mortality 

(Bhatnagar 885) 

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Assessment 

of withdrawn prepublication from European Journal 

of Cancer (Dean 901 C), (Jefferson 901 C), (Kleinert 

901 C); Undeclared conflict of interest, human rights 

abuse in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and disclosures not 

included with original paper, clarification (344 E), 

(Horton and Summerskill 355 Com), (370 erratum) 

Communication Doctor and patient, differing medical 

subspecialties and reconciling of information 

by patient, medicalisation of HIV treatment and 

(Patton 706 EF); Doctor and patient, minimisation 

of mutual respect and trust and loss of therapeutic 

capacity of doctors (Heath and Nessa 886 Com); 

Doctors, nurses and managers, needed for improved 

NHS (Gerry Robinson’s TV series) (Stein 1150 

Com), (Goodman 1927 C) 

Community-based management Of severe acute 

malnutrition in children (Kolsteren et al 740 C), 

(Collins et al 741 C), (1260 erratum) 

Community Catalyst Campaign to tackle drug 

company influence over doctors in US (McCarthy 

730 WR) 

Community health-workers (CHWs) Large-scale 

interventions by for achievement of child 

survival goals and Mitanin programme of India 

(Sundararaman 2058 Com), (Haines 2121 R); 

Shortages in Latin America and Caribbean (Fraser 

179 WR) 

Compartment syndrome Dark green blood due 

to sulfhaemoglobinaemia causing cyanosis and 

(Flexman et al 1972 CR) 

Competence Of physicians, assessment (906 erratum) 

Complementary therapy In juvenile idiopathic arthritis 

(Kemper et al 1602 C) 

Compliance with therapy Osteoporosis, as major 

problem (826 erratum) 

Computed tomography (CT) Of BAT sign of first sacral 

vertebral body and inominate bones (Braiteh et al 

217 CP); MRI vs for detection of suspected acute 

stroke (Donnan et al 252 Com), (Chalela et al 293), 

(Vaughan and Mayosi 1168 C), (von Kummer and 

Dzialowski 1341 C), (Ciccone et al 1342 C), (Meissner 

et al 1342 C), (Warach and Chelela 1342 C); 

Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2107 S); Subarachnoid 

haemorrhage (van Gijn et al 309 S) 

Conferences and congresses British American 

Tobacco’s conference on social corporate 

responsibility to be hosted by European Parliament 

and criticisms (Hyde 731 WR); Child survival 

symposium (London) (Costello et al 1240 Com), 

(Heikens et al 2159 C); HIV/AIDS (Berlin) and 

Lesotho’s progress (Loewenberg 358 WR); HIV/ 

AIDS Implementers’ Meeting (Scaling up through 

partnerships) in Rwanda (1974 E); Mental health 

in development (World Psychiatric Association 

conference) (Gureje and Jenkins 447 Com); Oslo 

Ministerial Declaration, global health as pressing 

foreign policy issue (Ministers of Foreign Affairs 

of Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, Senegal, 

South Africa and Thailand 1373 HP), (Kvåle 2158 C), 

(Thomas 2159 C); US travel restrictions for Muslim 

scientists (438 E), (Khan 463 C); WHO’s Global 

Partners’ Meeting on Neglected Tropical Diseases, 

commitments, partnerships and political advocacy 

(1404 E) 

Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health 

(CEMACH) (UK) Perinatal mortality rates, risk factors 

and causes of death (1492 E) 

Conflict of Interest Notification Study (COINS) Model 

language for disclosures of researcher’s financial 

and personal interests and conflicts (344 E) 

Conflicts (war) Prevalence of HIV and need for 

comprehensive response to rape in conflict-affected 

people in sub-Saharan Africa (systematic review) 

(Jewkes 2140 Com), (Spiegel et al 2187) See also War 

Conflicts of interest Disclosure of researcher’s financial 

and personal interests and model language for (344 

E); Ownership of data and framework for transition 

from data to policy (AbouZahr et al 1044 Ser); 

Removal of mammography paper without cause, 

undeclared motive of organiser for (Gøtzsche et al 

1690 C); Undeclared, human rights abuse in Portau-Prince 

(Haiti) and disclosures not included with 

original paper, clarification (344 E), (Horton and 

Summerskill 355 Com), (370 erratum) 

Congenital syphilis Resurgence in China and results 

of national surveillance programme (Fisman 84 

Com), (Chen et al 132), (Chen and Cohen 1165 C), 

(Senanayake 1165 C) 

Congenital toxoplasmosis Effectiveness of prenatal 

treatment (SYROCOT (Systematic Review on 

Congenital Toxoplasmosis) Study Group 115), 

(Martinelli et al 823 C) 

Consent For autopsies (Burton and Underwood 1474 R) 

Consumerism in medicine see Medicalisation 

Contraception Adolescent use (global perspectives) 

(Bearinger et al 1221 Ser); Strategies for adolescents 


Vulvovaginal candidosis risk and (Sobel 1963 S) 

Copper Chelation therapy, in Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 

403 S); Hepatic, Wilson’s disease diagnosis (Ala et al 

401 S); Urinary excretion, Wilson’s disease diagnosis 

(Ala et al 402 S) 

Copper metabolism disorder Wilson’s disease see 

Wilson’s disease 

Cord blood transplantations Increase in and limitations 

(437 E), (Templeton and Braude 1077 C) 

Corner B D Obituary of paediatrician and founder of UK 

neonatology (Watts 986 O) 

Coronary angiography Normal in myocardial infarction 

in sickle cell disease (Pavlö et al 246 CR) 

Coronary artery aneurysms In Kawasaki’s disease, and 

outcome (Yeung 85 Com) 

Coronary artery outcome Clinical phenotypes of 

Kawasaki’s disease predictive of (Yeung 85 Com) 

Coronary events Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on, 

in hypercholesterolaemia and reduction of non-fatal 

events (JELIS randomised trial) (Mozaffarian 1062 

Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090) 

Coronary heart disease In Chile, statistics, risk factors 

and health reforms (Bambs et al 825 C); Cholesterol 

lowering (Treating to New Targets study) (Goldstein 

25 C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 25 C), (Caputo and 

Bernardi 26 C), (Deedwania et al 26 C), (Butler 

and Wainwright 27 C), (Moon et al 640 C), (1168 

erratum), (Butler and Wainwright 1787 C); Effects 

of eicosapentaenoic acid on coronary events in 

hypercholesterolaemia and reduction of non-fatal 


Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090); Erectile dysfunction as 

possible marker (Basson 350 Com); Lipid lowering 

guidelines (US) and query over evidence base and 

inaccurate assumptions, meta-analysis supporting 

less statin use (Abramson and Wright 168 Com), 

(McPherson and Kavaslar 1078 C), (Mascitelli and 

Pezzetta 1078 C), (Reidenberg 1078 C), (Wright and 

Abramson 1079 C); Lipid lowering to reduce see Lipid 

lowering ; Mediastinal radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s 

disease leading to (Bramkamp et al 1762 CR); Risk 

predicted by mean leucocyte telomere length and 

benefits of statin treatment (West of Scotland Primary 

Prevention Study) (Spyridopoulos and Dimmeler 

81 Com), (Brouilette et al 107); Valsartan addition 

to conventional treatment of in Japan (Jikei Heart 


Com), (Mochizuki et al 1431) See also Acute coronary 

syndrome; Myocardial infarction 

Coronary revascularisation Non-ST-elevation acute 

coronary syndrome, early invasive vs selective invasive 

treatment strategy (ICTUS trial follow-up) (Stone 801 

Com), (Hirsch et al 827) 

Coronary stenting Bioabsorbable magnesium stents 

(non-randomised trial) (Ormiston and Webster 

1839 Com), (Erbel et al 1869); Thrombosis of 

sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents and 

acute coronary syndrome or diabetes as predictors 

(Urban and De Benedetti 619 Com), (Daemen et al 

667), (Carlsson and Eriksson 1785 C), (Daemen et al 

1785 C), (Rajasekhar and Bhala 1785 C) 

Corticosteroids ARDS and acute lung injury (Wheeler 

and Bernard 1559 R); Postextubation laryngeal 

oedema prevention (randomised trial) (Pearse and 

Young 1060 Com), (François et al 1083) 

Cortisol Deficiency, presenting with weight loss, 

abdominal symptoms, eosinophilia and anaemia 

(Schattner and Zornitzki 2214 CR) 

Cough Chronic, in Holmes-Adie syndrome (Ford 

et al 342 CR) 

Council of Science Editors (CSE) 50th anniversary 

meeting and communication between editors 

(Mullan 2153 P) 

Counselling HIV self-testing and need for policy 

revision (Frith 243 V) 

Counterterrorism Targeting of people vulnerable to 

HIV (Csete 720 Com) 

COX-2 inhibitors Cardiovascular safety (Jick et al 555 

C), (Cannon et al 556 C); Etoricoxib vs diclofenac 

and assessment of upper gastrointestinal safety 

(MEDAL study) (Drenth and Verheugt 439 Com), 

(Laine et al 465), (Parashar 1343 C), (Guslandi 1344 

C), (Laine et al 1344 C), (Drenth et al 1345 C); PPI 

with, for prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding in 

patients at high risk (randomised trial) (Scheiman 

and Fendrick 1580 Com), (Chan et al 1621) 

C-reactive protein (CRP) Cardiovascular event 

prediction by high sensitivity test (Stahl 1259 C) 

CREATE trial Cardiovascular risk reduction by early 

anaemia treatment with erythropoietin (Strippoli 

et al 346 Com), (Phrommintikul et al 381), 

(Ingelfinger and Remuzzi 1515 C), (Regidor and 

Kalantar-Zadeh 1515 C), (Drüeke et al 1516 C), 

(Phrommintikul et al 1516 C), (Nonoguchi et al 

1517 C), (Reinhold et al 1517 C) 

Criminalisation Of drug users in Russia and impact 

on HIV programmes (Csete 720 Com) 

Criminal violations Human rights abuse in Port-au- 

Prince (Haiti) and disclosures not included with 

original paper (344 E), (Horton and Summerskill 

355 Com), (370 erratum) 

Crisp, Lord Global Health Partnerships: the UK 

contribution to health in developing countries 

report and recommendations (Pelly 1498 Com) 

Crohn’s disease Comparison with ulcerative colitis 

(Baumgart and Sandborn 1641 Ser); Definition/ 

diagnosis/clinical features/natural history and 

management (Baumgart and Sandborn 1645 Ser); 

Fistulising, management (Baumgart and Sandborn 

1649 Ser) See also Inflammatory bowel disease 

Cuba Doctors working overseas defecting to US after 

US immigration policy change (Ceaser 1247 WR), 

(Van der Stuyft and De Vos 2160 C) 

Cubital tunnel syndrome Management (van Tulder 

et al 1818 S) 

Curie M Correction to book review details about 


Cuzick J Profile of cancer researcher (Pincock 

1685 P) 

CXCL12 chemokine Inactivation by DPP-4 (gliptin) 

(Focosi et al 269 C), (Grouzmann et al 269 C), 

(Mihkail 269 C) 

Cyanosis Sulfhaemoglobin causing in patient with 

compartment syndrome, dark green blood observed 


Cystic fibrosis Neonatal screening, economic 

implications and evidence supporting (Wilcken 

and Gaskin 1146 Com), (Sims et al 1187) 

Cysts Renal see Autosomal dominant polycystic 

kidney disease 

Cytokine therapy Inflammatory bowel disease 


Cytotoxic agents Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2114 S) 



D 

Daboub J J Criticisms over position and strategy at 

World Bank (1492 E) 

DALYs see Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) 

Darfur region Deteriorating security situation may 

reverse health gains (Brown 630 WR) 

Darunavir Ritonavir with, efficacy and safety in HIV-1 

infection (POWER studies) (MacArthur 1143 Com), 

(Clotet et al 1169) 

Data collection Framework for transition from data 

to policy, health statistics and (AbouZahr et al 

1039 Ser); For improved health statistics (Murray 

862 Ser) 

DATA report G8 nations not keeping 2005 

commitments, slow progress and need for greater 

funding (1833 E) 

DDT WHO recommendation for malaria control but 

effects on agricultural exports (248 E)


Deafness Childhood, implications and early detection 

and intervention as priority (1234 E); Global burden 

and disease control priorities in developing countries 

(Olusanya and Newton 1314 V), (1860 erratum) 

Death(s) see Mortality 

Death certification Proposal for independent medical 

scrutiny in UK (716 E) 

Death penalty By lethal injections, procedural 

deficiencies and impossible to “fix” (Koniaris 

et al 352 Com); Statistics, botched executions, 

legal challenges in US and need to stop capital 

punishment (343 E), (Gupta et al 991 C) 

Debt relief/cancellations G8’s promise from 2005, 

results and need for greater commitment (1833 E) 

Decision-making Interpretation of health statistics 

for policymaking and questions to ask (Walker et al 

958 Ser) 

DeCODE Genetics Profile of CEO (Stefánsson K) 

(Butcher 267 P) 

Deep vein thrombosis Screening venography and 

frequency (O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com) See 

also Venous thromboembolism 

Defence exhibition sector Reed Elsevier’s decision to 

withdraw from (1902 E) 

Degenerative spine disease Intervertebral disc 

transplantation for (Skalli and Dubousset 968 Com), 

(Ruan et al 993) 

Delphi method, survey Maternal and child survival 

research challenges and new priorities after 

consensus survey (Costello et al 1240 Com), 

(Heikens et al 2159 C) 

Dementia Prevalence in UK (800 E); White-matter 

demyelination in neurosyphilis and (558 erratum) 

Demyelination White-matter, in neurosyphilis, 

dementia and (558 erratum) 

Dengue infections Burden in children in Thailand 

(Halstead et al 1410 Com), (Anderson et al 1452) 

Dengue virus Biological control of vectors (Venning 

641 C) 

Dental care Subsidies needed for in UK (Jain et al 

639 C) 

Dental caries (Selwitz et al 51 S), (Jain et al 639 C); 

Definition/pathogenesis/risk factors/epidemiology/ 

diagnosis and treatment/prevention (Selwitz et al 

51 S), (Jain et al 639 C) 

Department for International Development (DFID) (UK) 

New health strategy launched, challenges, priorities 

and aid strategy (1973 E), (2078 erratum) 

Depression In Japan, slow approval process for 

drugs (McCurry 1333 SR), (Ebihara 2076 C); Major, 

bipolar II disorder comparison (Benazzi 938 S); 

Maternal, risk factor for adverse child development 

in developing countries (Walker et al 152 Ser); Mixed 

(Benazzi 935 S); In puberty and adolescence (Patton 

and Viner 1134 Ser) 

Dermatology Call for papers for special issue of The 

Lancet (Godsland 725 Com) 

Desmoteplase Acute ischaemic stroke management 


Detemir (insulin analogue) Type I and type IV allergy to 

(Sola-Gazagnes et al 637 C), (Dejgaard et al 1926 C), 

(Sola-Gazagnes and Larger 1926 C) 

Deuterium–deuterium reaction Energy source and 

safety issue (Sharp 259 Com) 

Developed countries Collaboration with developing 

countries (Shetty 813 WR), (Singh and Gupta 1688 

C); Locally acquired hepatitis E (Dalton et al 1260 C) 

Developing countries Cancer prevalence increase and 

growing crisis (1665 E); Child development, risk 

factors for adverse outcomes (Walker et al 145 Ser), 

(Moore et al 824 C); Childhood hearing impairment 

and disease control priorities (Olusanya and Newton 

1314 V), (1860 erratum); Collaboration with developed 

countries (Shetty 813 WR), (Singh and Gupta 1688 

C); Development potential in first 5 years for children 


Diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis 

in HIV/AIDS in resource-constrained settings 

(Getahun et al 2042 PH); Dietary supplementation, 

and effects on child development (Walker et al 149 

Ser); G8 nations not keeping 2005 commitments to 

Africa, slow progress and need for greater funding 

(1833 E); Health and training partnerships with 

UK, Global Health Partnerships report by Lord 

Crips (Pelly 1498 Com); Health research challenges, 

The Lancet’s call for essays on theme of (Ramsay 

809 Com); Health worker number as constraining 

factor (not income) on vaccination coverage in 

developing countries (Lanata 1238 Com), (Anand 

and Bärnighausen 1277); Impact of oral rehydration 

therapy (ORT) (Jolly 8 Com); Influenza H5N1 

vaccine shortages concerns and need for WHO 

involvement (532 E); Medical research and scientific 

publications disparity with developed countries 

(Gupta 273 C); Medical tourism to (MacReady 1849 

WR); Mental health spending limited and impact 

on development (Gureje and Jenkins 447 Com); 

Promotion of research in resource-poor countries 

by The Lancet (Gupta 273 C); Strategies to avoid 

loss of child developmental potential (Engle et al 

229 Ser); Substance misuse trends in and limits 

to interventions (Obot 1323 Com), (Toumbourou 

et al 1391 Ser), (Souza and de Leon 2157 C), (Röggla 

and Moser 2158 C); User fees vs equity fees for 

health care funding (Brikci and Philips 10 Com); 

Vote buying in UN Security Council by use of aid 

(Woodward 12 Com), (Court 737 C) 

Development Lung, effect of traffic-related pollution 

on in children (Sandström and Brunekreef 535 

Com), (Gauderman et al 571); Mental health link 

and effect of mental health on physical health and 

international development targets (Gureje and 

Jenkins 447 Com) See also Child development 

Development aid G8 nations not keeping 2005 

commitments to Africa, slow progress and need for 

greater funding (1833 E) 

Developmental dysplasia of hip (Dezateux 

and Rosendahl 1541 S); Diagnosis/imaging/ 

epidemiology/treatment/outcome and screening 

(Dezateux and Rosendahl 1541 S) 

Developmental neurotoxicity Of industrial chemicals 



Dexamethasone Additional pulses of vincristine 

with during continuation chemotherapy in 

acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of little benefit 

(randomised trial) (Saha 82 Com), (Conter et al 123) 

Diabetes mellitus Cause of death in children, insulin 

costs and inadequacy, and Indian position (Gale 

461 C), (Hirst 461 C), (Krishnaswami 461 C); 

Cholesterol reduction in coronary heart disease and 

metabolic syndrome (Treating to New Targets study) 

(Goldstein 25 C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 25 C), 

(Caputo and Bernardi 26 C), (Deedwania et al 26 

C), (Butler and Wainwright 27 C), (Moon et al 640 

C), (1168 erratum), (Butler and Wainwright 1787 C); 

Development, effects of renin-angiotensin system 

blockade (Schmieder et al 1214 R); Incident, network 

meta-analysis of antihypertensive drugs (Elliott and 

Meyer 201), (Lam and Owen 1513 C), (Elliott and 

Meyer 1514 C), (Johnston 1514 C), (1518 erratum); 

Increased prevalence (global) and need to target 

high-risk groups (716 E); Lifestyle interventions to 

prevent and effect of smoking on (Koga et al 365 

C), (Lindström et al 365 C); NHS waiting lists and 

instruction to institute delays (Brown 1679 WR); 

Predictor of thrombosis of drug-eluting coronary 

stents (Urban and De Benedetti 619 Com), (Daemen 

et al 667), (Carlsson and Eriksson 1785 C), (Daemen 

et al 1785 C), (Rajasekhar and Bhala 1785 C); Sexual 

dysfunction in men/women (Bhasin et al 597 Ser); 

Trends in prevalence/incidence and mortality in 

Ontario (Canada) from 1995 to 2005 (Lipscombe and 

Hux 750), (Agyemang 1256 C), (Pandey and Gupta 

1256 C), (Fujisawa et al 1257 C), (Theleritis et al 

1257 C); Vulvovaginal candidosis risk and (Sobel 

1963 S) 

Diabetes mellitus, type 1 Allergy to insulin analogue 

(detemir) (Sola-Gazagnes et al 637 C), (Dejgaard 

et al 1926 C), (Sola-Gazagnes and Larger 1926 C) 

Diabetes mellitus, type 2 Acute/chronic complications 

in children and adolescents (Pinhas-Hamiel and 

Zeitler 1823 R); Complications, effects of reninangiotensin 

system blockade (Schmieder et al 

1215 R); Gliptins role/review (Focosi et al 269 C), 

(Grouzmann et al 269 C), (Mihkail 269 C); Reninangiotensin 

system role and effects of blockage 

(Schmieder et al 1214 R); Rimonabant in obese 

patients with (Lambert et al 553 C), (Roberfroid 553 

C), (Shapiro and Singer 553 C), (Scheen et al 554 

C), (Randall et al 555 C); In rural regions of India 

(Abdul 273 C); Serious heart failure rates associated 

with pioglitazone in PROactive trial (Rydén et al 

189 C) 

Diabetic ketoacidosis In adolescents with type 2 

diabetes (Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1823 R) 

Diabetic retinopathy (Wong and Mitchell 430 R), (2078 

erratum); Hypertension association (Wong and 

Mitchell 430 R), (2078 erratum) 

Diagnostic testing HIV self-testing and time for policy 

revision (Frith 243 V); HIV testing, guidelines 

revision and routine opt-out HIV testing in US 

(Lifson and Rybicki 539 Com); Hypopituitarism 

(Schneider et al 1464 S); Microarray test to determine 

disease-free survival in breast cancer approved by FDA 

(531 E), (Thorat 1428 C); Non-invasive prenatal test 

for fetal aneuploidies based on fetal DNA in maternal 

blood (Benachi and Costa 440 Com), (Dhallan et al 

474), (Hultén 1997 C), (Hahn et al 1997 C), (Lo and 

Chiu 1997 C), (Dhallan et al 1998 C); Plague (Prentice 

and Rahalison 1201 S); Smear-negative pulmonary 

tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS in resource-constrained 

settings (Getahun et al 2042 PH) 

Diamond Light Source (UK) Synchrotron opened and 

use as “super microscope” (Sharp 1982 Com) 

Diastolic function Beneficial effect of angiotensin 

receptor blockade (valsartan) in hypertension 

(VALIDD randomised trial) (Ahmed et al 2053 

Com), (Solomon et al 2079) 

Diclofenac Etoricoxib vs, cardiovascular safety and 

outcomes (Jick et al 555 C), (Cannon et al 556 C); 

Etoricoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) vs and assessment of 

upper gastrointestinal safety (MEDAL) (Drenth 

and Verheugt 439 Com), (Laine et al 465), (Parashar 

1343 C), (Guslandi 1344 C), (Laine et al 1344 C), 

(Drenth et al 1345 C) 

Diet Low-glycaemic-index, clinical update (Ludwig 

890 Com); Wilson’s disease management (Ala et al 

405 S) See also Nutrition 

Dietary supplementation In developing countries, 

and effects on child development (Walker et al 

149 Ser); Folate, benefits on cognitive function in 

older adults (FACIT randomised trial) (Morris and 

Tangney 166 Com), (Durga et al 208), (Durga et al 

1601 C), (Reynolds 1601 C), (Umhau 1602 C) See also 

Vitamin A 

Diethylstilbestrol Use between 1940-1970s, 

compensation for adverse effects in Netherlands and 

France (‘t Hoen and Dukes 173 Com), (‘t Hoen and 

Dukes 1259 C), (van Leeuwen et al 1258 C) 

Dietl’s crisis Nephroptosis diagnostic features 

(Nanayakkara et al 436 CR) 

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine Artemetherlumefantrine 

vs in Papua (Indonesia) (Morrow 

444 Com); Fixed-dose combination for drugresistant 



Dilated cardiomyopathy Recovery after abstinence 

from cocaine, and mechanisms of cardiovascular 

complications of cocaine (Zacà et al 1574 CR) 

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Review of role in type 

2 diabetes (Focosi et al 269 C), (Grouzmann et al 

269 C), (Mihkail 269 C) 

Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine GAVI 

funding and cost-effectiveness assessment (Kumar 

and Puliyel 189 C), (Le Calvez 189 C) 

Dipyridamole Aspirin plus, vs aspirin after cerebral 

ischaemia (ESPRIT) (274 erratum) 

Directly observed treatment (DOTS) Ancillary-care 

needs in observational research study (Dickert et al 

874 V) 

Direct-to-consumer advertising For Europe and lessons 

from US (Metzel 704 EF); Of prescription drugs 

and US experience (1 E), (Ager 822 C), (van Lierop 

1790 C) 

Disability Concepts and measuring, DALYs and (Mont 

1658 V); Social model and implications for DALYs 

(Mont 1658 V) 

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (Mont 1658 V); 

Disability concept and as poor indicator of effect of 

public-health interventions (Mont 1658 V) 

Disc, intervertebral see Intervertebral disc 

Disclosures Of researcher’s financial and personal 

interests with publications, and model language 

for (344 E) 

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs Ankylosing 

spondylitis treatment (Braun and Sieper 1385 S) 

Displaced people Prevalence of HIV infection and 

comprehensive response to rape needed (systematic 

review) (Jewkes 2140 Com), (Spiegel et al 2187) 

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 

Ventricular fibrillation during termination of 

pregnancy, due to amniotic fluid embolism 

(Verroust et al 190 CR) 


Disufenton Development of stroke prevention drug 

stopped (247 E) 

Diuretics Association with incident diabetes, network 

meta-analysis (Elliott and Meyer 201), (Lam and 

Owen 1513 C), (Elliott and Meyer 1514 C), (Johnston 

1514 C), (1518 erratum) 

Diverticular disease In autosomal dominant polycystic 

kidney disease (Torres et al 1294 S) 

Doctors Acceptance of abortion in Cameroon (Wonkam 

and Hurst 1999 C); Canadian, under investigation for 

human rights abuses in Afghanistan (Webster 1419 

WR); Cuban, working overseas defecting to US after 

US immigration policy change (Ceaser 1247 WR), 

(Van der Stuyft and De Vos 2160 C); Deteriorating 

relationship with Blair’s government in UK (Brown 

1679 SR); Imprisoned in Libya and attempts to trade 

lives for Libyan agent in UK prison (Duke 261 WR); 

Junior, applicant numbers for MMC programme, and 

numbers of unemployed (Nicholl 1687 C); Junior, 

application for specialist training and UK crisis due 

to Medical Training Application Service (MTAS) (879 

E); Junior, in NHS, personal perspective (Palling 

1682 SR); Junior, MMC and MTAS crisis, criticisms 

of Review Body, national changeover date chaos and 

urgent need to suspend MTAS and interviews (Brown 

et al 1673 Com); Loss of therapeutic capacity and 

minimisation of subjectivity of doctor and patient 

and mutual respect and relationships (Heath and 

Nessa 886 Com); Medical professionalism inquiry, 

conclusions and future prospects (Horton et al 1405 

Com); Primary care, in US, reasons for reduced 

numbers and proposal to resolve shortage (1055 E); 

Protest in Bulgaria over health-care system crisis 

(corruption, staff shortages and low pay) (Ivanova 1157 

WR); Role in 21st century and medicalisation issue see 

Medicalisation; Shortages in Zimbabwe (Kapp 1987 

WR); Smoking-cessation interventions and reluctance 

to engage patients, reasons (1491 E); Software (free) 

required by (Magos et al 464 C); US drug company 

influence over to be controlled, Prescription Project 

(McCarthy 730 WR) See also Physicians 

Donaldson Report (UK) “Health is global: proposals for 

a UK Government-wide strategy” (Horton 806 Com), 

(Donaldson and Banatvala 857 PH), (Obermann 1688 

C), (Wood et al 1688 C), (Ellis et al 1689 C) 

DREAM Rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction link 


Driving Road traffic accidents and deaths of young 

people (1319 E), (Butler et al 2160 C) 

Drotrecogin alfa, activated Severe sepsis in children, 

RESOLVE trial results (randomised trial) (Opal 803 

Com), (Nadel et al 836) 

Drug(s) Abuse see Drug abuse ; Access in Thailand, 

compulsory licence, costs and need for WHO to put 

patients first (Cawthorne et al 974 Com); Approval 

system, Japan’s 5-year plan to boost clinical research 

(McCurry 1333 SR), (Ebihara 2076 C); Compulsory 

licence for antiretrovirals, access to drugs and need 

for WHO to put patients first (Cawthorne et al 974 

Com); Errors, due to drug name confusion (Mehta 

and Aronson 1326 Com); EU Pharmaceutical 

Code (Review 2001) transparency (Pimpinella and 

Malgarini 90 Com); International campaigns on 

TRIPS rules by Novartis and US Government (2 E); 

Medicalisation and see Medicalisation ; Naming 

schemes (BANs, rINNs), need to avoid confusion, 

consistency and error avoidance (Mehta and Aronson 

1326 Com); Pharmacogenetics and definition of 

“Asians” (Po 1770 Com); Prescribing pressure for 

sildenafil for sexual performance enhancement 

(344 E); Prescription, direct-to-consumer advertising 

and US experience (1 E), (Ager 822 C), (van Lierop 

1790 C); Prescription, increase in abuse in US 

(McCarthy 1505 WR); Pricing, Pharmaceutical 

Price Regulatory Scheme (PPRS) to be reformed, 

recommendations (Webb and Walker 1415 Com); 

Review at licensing in terms of cost-effectiveness 

(QALYs) and re-negotiation of prices in drug class 

after drug goes off patent (Webb and Walker 1415 

Com); Risk minimisation in first-in-man trials 

(Hemelaar 1496 Com); Subsidised prescription drug 

shortage in Russia owing to funding crisis (Parfitt 

1779 WR); Trials in India but drugs unaffordable, 

ethical considerations (1233 E), (Epstein 1859 C); 

Tuberculosis drug market size (TB Alliance report) 

and needs (1764 E); Withdrawn, EU Pharmaceutical 

Code transparency and (Pimpinella and Malgarini 

90 Com) 

Drug abuse Cocaine see Cocaine ; Health effects of 

addiction, profile of researcher (Hall W) (Pincock 

1993 P); Piperazines and seizures caused by 

1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) poisoning (Staack 

1411 Com), (Wood et al 1490 CR); Of prescription 

drugs, sharp increase in US (McCarthy 1505 WR); 

Psychoactive drugs of misuse, classification of harm, 

development of rational scale and use for drug policy 

formulation (Hall 972 Com), (Nutt et al 1047 HP), 

(Britton et al 1856 C), (Murphy 1856 C), (Nutt et al 

1857 C); Substance misuse trends in and limits to 

interventions in developing countries (Obot 1323 

Com), (Toumbourou et al 1391 Ser), (Souza and de 

Leon 2157 C), (Röggla and Moser 2158 C) 

Drug abusers, intravenous HIV in Taiwan, statistics 

(616 E), (Chen and Kuo 623 Com); HIV in Taiwan 

and China and need for similar treatment across 

national borders (616 E), (Wu et al 679 PH); HIV 

transmission in China (Wu et al 681 PH) 

Drug Abuse Warning Network Prescription drug abuse 

increase in US (McCarthy 1505 WR) 

Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) Response to 

industry demands on clinical trials performed in 

India (1233 E), (Epstein 1859 C) 

Drug development Human testing, report on strategic 

position of drug development in UK (Crowley 

174 Com); New advances to speed-up and report 

on strategic position of drug development in UK 

(Crowley 174 Com); UK’s strategic position, costs, 

large trials and need to redesign clinical research 

(Crowley 174 Com) 

Drug-eluting stents Coronary, early and late 

thrombosis and predictors of (Urban and De 

Benedetti 619 Com), (Daemen et al 667), (Carlsson 

and Eriksson 1785 C), (Daemen et al 1785 C), 

(Rajasekhar and Bhala 1785 C) 

Drug licensing EU Pharmaceutical Code transparency 

and (Pimpinella and Malgarini 90 Com) 

Drug misuse Psychoactive drugs of misuse, 

classification of harm, development of rational scale 

and use for drug policy formulation (Hall 972 Com), 

(Nutt et al 1047 HP), (Britton et al 1856 C), (Murphy 

1856 C), (Nutt et al 1857 C) See also Drug abuse; 

Substance misuse 

Drug safety Control in Japan and profile of Kurokawa 

T (McCurry 1339 P); FDA seeking increase in 

pharmaceutical industry fees to improve drug safety 

practices (Zwillich 357 WR); FDA’s reforms criticised 

and computer system for tracking adverse effects 

mismanaged (Bristol 1072 WR); New initiative 

and 5-year plan to boost clinical research in Japan 

(McCurry 1333 SR), (Ebihara 2076 C) 

DSM-IV Classification of functional somatic 

syndromes (FSS) (Henningsen et al 946 R), (Eytan 

1691 C); Mood disorders classification (Benazzi 

936 S) 

Dutch Stent-in I Colonic Stenting study Premature 

closure (Audisio et al 188 C) 

Dvorak J A Obituary of malaria researcher (Masterson 

900 O) 

Dybul M Profile of US Global AIDS Coordinator in 

charge of PEPFAR (Das 1161 P) 

Dyslipidaemia Type 2 diabetes complication in 

children/adolescents (Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 

1827 R) 

Dyspareunia Chronic, in men, causes and management 

(Basson and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser); Chronic, 

in women, causes and management (Basson and 

Weijmar Schultz 418 Ser); Frequency and management 

(Basson 350 Com); Reduced vaginal lubrication and 

management (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser) 

Dyspepsia Non-ulcer, management (Henningsen 

et al 950 R) 

Dysphagia Recurrent, in eosinophilic oesophagitis 

(Basavaraju et al 1814 CP) 

E 

Ear Ecthyma gangrenosum lesion (Craigie et al 1540 

CP) 

Ears Calcification (pinnae) associated with 

adrenocortical insufficiency (Fukushima et al 856 

CP) 

Eating disorders In children (UK), need for publichealth 

approach (1142 E), (Barr Taylor et al 1928 C) 

Ecological studies Of asbestos-related diseases and 

historical asbestos consumption (Lin et al 844), 

(Wagner 973 Com), (Nawrot et al 1692 C) 

Econometric analyses Health worker number as 

constraining factor on vaccination coverage in 


and Bärnighausen 1277) 

Economics Implications of poor child development 


Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis (Wilcken and 

Gaskin 1146 Com), (Sims et al 1187); Poliomyelitis 

eradication vs control (Fine and Griffiths 1321 Com), 

(Thompson and Duintjer Tebbens 1363); Of specialty 

hospitals, advantages but controversy and problems 

in US (966 E) 

Ecthyma gangrenosum Appearance on ear, in 

immunocompromised patient (Craigie et al 1540 CP) 

Editorial 

Antiretroviral drug access and need to reduce costs 

and improve access to second-line drugs 1320 

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 

management and concerns over overtreatment and 

under-recognition 880 

Australia, political conservatism, Aboriginal health 

and silencing of independent opinion in research 

community 1320 

Autopsy rate decline in UK, perceived value and 

clinicians’ role in recommending 1404 

Breast cancer disease-free survival with exemestane, 

cancer recurrence prediction (test), reduced cancer 

incidence in EU and NCI budget cut 531 

Bulgaria and Romania join the EU 2 

Cancer treatment access comparisons by country, 

criticisms of UK and NICE and need for improved 

access to radiotherapy 1665 

Capital punishment should be stopped after legal 

challenges in US 343 

Childhood hearing loss, early detection and 

intervention as priority 1234 

Child wellbeing in rich countries and UNICEF report 

ranking US and UK 616 

Chimera research and need for light regulation 164 

Civilian deaths and restoring health in Iraq 80 

Clinical research in India, clinical trial number and 

ethical concerns and new guidelines 1233 

Conflicts of interest and disclosure of researcher’s 

financial or personal interests 344 

DDT for malaria control, and effect on agricultural 

exporters 248 

Death certification procedures to be revised in UK 716 

Department for International Development’s new 

health strategy 1973, (2078 erratum) 

Diabetes prevalence (global) increase and need to 

target high-risk groups 716 

Direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription 

drugs 1 

Economics of specialty hospitals 966 

End-of-life care for children, deaths in intensive care 

and need for improvement in paediatric palliative 

care 1576 

Environmental factors and impact on health, 

preventable deaths 2052 

Food aid system problems and need for overhaul, US 

2007 Farm Bill 2134 

Food crisis in Cambodia and funding need by World 

Food Programme (WFP) 1056 

Food safety reforms in US after melamine 

contamination and new FDA position 1575 

G8 and EU presidency and issues to be considered 

248 

G8’s promises to Africa, Oxfam and DATA reports on 

debt relief and slow progress 1833 

Global burden of hypertension, mortality, funding 

of report by Novartis, prehypertension and 

management 1764 

Gun violence and public health 1403 

Health care for US children, SCHIP (State Children’s 

Health Insurance Program) funding changes and 

support to expand programme to all uninsured 

children 799 

Health Metrics and Evaluation Institute funded by 

Gates Foundation 1902 

Health situation in Iraq deteriorates 1834 

HIV/AIDS Implementers’ Meeting in Rwanda 1974 

HIV prevention strategies, effect of male 

circumcision, microbicide trials stopped and 

preventative vaccines 615 




Human genome mapping of genetic variants in 

genome-wide association study 1974 

International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) to 

prevent international spread of local public-health 

emergencies, challenges 1763 

Investment and governance questions at Gates 

Foundation 163 

Learning disability as neglected concern and 

assessment requirement for children from birth to 

5 years (UK) 966 

Legal and illegal organ donation 1901 

Modern day slavery, human trafficking and need for 

health resources for survivors 800 

Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) curriculum 

and crisis for junior doctors 879 

Nanotechnology risks to human health 1142 

Neurological disease and time for reassessment, 

dementia burden in UK and urgent need for 

resources 800 

Oseltamivir warning for adolescents after suicides 

in Japan 1056 

Ovarian cancer, early symptoms and early detection, 

consensus statement 2051 

Pandemic influenza preparedness and need for 

global solidarity 532 

PEPFAR evaluation in IOM report on fight against 

HIV/AIDS 1141 

Perinatal mortality rates, maternal risk factors and 

Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child 

Health (CEMACH) report 1492 

Pharmaceutical industry concerns with Democrat 

control in US 79 

Physically and mentally disabled girl kept childlike as 

compassion or violation of human rights? 80 

Primary care in US, residency training results, poor 

pay for primary-care doctors and patient-centered 

medical home proposal 1055 

Public-health approach to eating disorders 1142 

Public health vs political frontiers, infections crossing 

national boundaries 616 

Ready-to-use therapeutic foods for malnutrition 164 

Reed Elsevier and withdrawal from defence 

exhibitions 1902 

Research reforms in China and initiatives to prevent 

misconduct 880 

Right to health, obstacles to progress and need for 

application to international policymaking 438 

Road traffic accidents affecting young people, 

mortality statistics, causes and innovations to 

reduce 1319 

Rosiglitazone, NEJM paper suggesting myocardial 

infarction link, concerns and no need for panic 

1834 

Save the Children’s State of the World’s Mothers report 

and need to improve child health and survival 

programmes 1666 

Sexual assault and rape, need to teach medical 

students about and on correct examination 1234 

Sildenafil marketing for sexual performance 

enhancement, and need to resist prescribing 

pressure 344 

Smoking costs to employers, bans, cessation, and 

interventions 1491 

STDs in men who have sex with men (MSM), 

serosorting strategy and safe-sex fatigue 1576 

STELLAR trial funding rejected by National Cancer 

Institute (NCI) and rationale for 2134 

Stroke mortality, prevention vs treatment and global 

mortality targets 247 

Tobacco control policy implementation difficulties, 

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 

Bloomberg initiative and smoking ban in England 

2133 

Travel restrictions for Muslim scientists going to 

US 438 

TRIPS and international campaigns by Novartis and 

US Government to undermine 2 

Tuberculosis control, threats to WHO’s strategy and 

WHO Global TB Control Report 965 

Tuberculosis drug market (TB Alliance report) and 

need for new drugs and “global infomediary” for 

information transfer 1764 

Umbilical cord blood banking provided by Virgin 

Health Bank (public-private approach) 437 

US academic medical centres’ funding cuts, 

implications and academics’ fight-back 532 

Wellcome Collection, engaging the public in global 

health 2052 

WHO Global Partners’ Meeting on Neglected 

Tropical Diseases, commitments, partnerships and 

political will 1404 

WHO recommendations and new Guidelines Review 

Committee 1666 

Women’s health and MDG-3 progress 715 

World Bank in turmoil over Wolfowitz case and 

allegations of influence of President Bush’s policies 

1492 

Editors ICMJE (International Committee of Medical 

Journal Editors), clinical trial registration evaluation 

(Laine et al 1909 Com); Medical, meeting for Council 

of Science Editors (CSE) anniversary (Mullan 2153 P) 

Efavirenz Costs/sales and Thailand’s negotiations for 

cheap access (Cawthorne et al 974 Com); Generic 

version in Thailand and US Government campaign 

against, implications for TRIPS (2 E) 

Eicosapentaenoic acid Effects on coronary events in 




Ejaculatory dysfunction Causes (Basson and Weijmar 

Schultz 418 Ser) 

Elbow Tennis (lateral epicondylitis), treatment 

(van Tulder et al 1818 S) 

Elderly Benefits of folic acid supplementation on 

cognitive function (FACIT randomised trial) (Morris 

and Tangney 166 Com), (Durga et al 208), (Durga et al 

1601 C), (Reynolds 1601 C), (Umhau 1602 C); Frailty, 

causes and reduction strategies (Strandberg and 

Pitkälä 1328 Com), (1860 erratum); Hospital surge 

capacity (Falconer and O’Neill 822 C), (Kelen 823 C); 

Influenza vaccination (Jefferson and Demicheli 1857 

C); Limit of radiology, impaired gas exchange and 

need for clinical diagnosis (Breidthardt 2030 CP) 

Electrocardiography (ECG) ST segment elevation hidden 

by hypothermia in Brugada syndrome (Tan and 

Meregalli 78 CR) 

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity Management 

(Henningsen et al 950 R) 

Elephantiasis Endemic non-filarial (podoconiosis) as 

neglected tropical disease associated with volcanic soil 

(Davey and Newport 888 Com) 

Elsevier see Reed Elsevier 

Emboli/embolism Amniotic fluid, during termination 

of pregnancy presenting with ventricular fibrillation, 

cardiac arrest and DIC (Verroust et al 190 CR); 

Retinal, hypertension associated (Wong and Mitchell 

428 R), (2078 erratum) 

Embryos Humanñanimal hybrid, light regulation 

needed and HFEA delayed decision (164 E); Number 

to be transferred after IVF, Multiple Birth and Single 

Embryo Transfer (MBSET) group (Ledger 717 Com) 

Emotion Ethical dilemmas linked to brain activity in 

areas associated with (Watts 90 Com) 

Emotional outcomes Adolescents with chronic 

conditions (Sawyer et al 1484 Ser) 

Employment Smokers’ costs to employers, and 

smoking cessation interventions (1491 E) 

Endocannabinoid receptor antagonist Rimonabant see 

Rimonabant 

Endocrine disorders Sexual dysfunction in men/women 

(Bhasin et al 597 Ser) 

Endocrinology Information on HIV/AIDS 

complications and medicalisation of HIV treatment 

(Patton 706 EF) 

End-of-life care For children and need for improved 

palliative care (1576 E) 

Endometrial cancer Progesterone role in (Narod 1667 

Com) 

Endoscopic autopsy Indication (Burton and 

Underwood 1476 R) 

England Smoking ban (2133 E) 

English language Disadvantages of English-language 

journals to non-English speakers (as first language) 

and plagiarism rules (Vessal and Habibzadeh 641 C), 

(Afifi 1428 C) 

Enoxaparin Unfractionated heparin vs for prevention 

of venous thromboembolism after acute ischaemic 

stroke (PREVAIL study) (Sherman et al 1347), 

(O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com) 

Enterocolitis, necrotising Prevention by probiotics 

in very low birthweight infants, safety assessment 

trials needed (systematic review) (Caffarelli and 

Bernasconi 1578 Com), (Deshpande et al 1614) 

Enteropathy Small bowel, chronic low-dose aspirin 

therapy associated (Leung et al 614 CR), (Thiefin 

1690 C), (Leung et al 1691 C) 

Enthesitis-related arthritis In juvenile idiopathic 

arthritis (Ravelli and Martini 770 S) 

Environment US health-care providers go “green” and 

become environmentally friendly (Bristol 453 WR) 

Environmental exposures Risk factor for adverse child 

development in developing countries (Walker et al 

150 Ser), (Engle et al 236 Ser) 

Environmental factors Impact on health and 

preventable deaths (global) (2052 E); Inflammatory 

bowel disease (Baumgart and Carding 1630 Ser); 

Narcolepsy with cataplexy (Dauvilliers et al 505 S); 

SLE pathogenesis (D’Cruz et al 588 S) 

Environmental illness Management (Henningsen 

et al 950 R) 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations 

supporting “green” approaches in US (Bristol 453 

WR) 

Eosinophilia Cortisol deficiency presenting with 

(Schattner and Zornitzki 2214 CR) 

Eosinophilic oesophagitis Presenting with recurrent 

dysphagia (Basavaraju et al 1814 CP) 

Epicondylitis Lateral (tennis elbow), treatment 


Epidemiology Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Mitchell 

and Borasio 2031 S); Ankylosing spondylitis (Braun 

and Sieper 1379 S); ARDS and acute lung injury 

(Wheeler and Bernard 1554 R); Autosomal dominant 

polycystic kidney disease (Torres et al 1287 S), 

(Bergmann and Zerres 2157 C); Chronic illness in 

adolescents (Sawyer et al 1481 Ser); Developmental 

dysplasia of hip (Dezateux and Rosendahl 1545 

S); Epidemic meningitis and meningococcaemia 

(Stephens et al 2198 S); HIV surveillance using data 

from HIV counselling and testing services in Africa 

(Mwaluko et al 612 V), (Holtedahl et al 1166 C); 

Huntington’s disease (Walker 221 S); Inflammatory 

bowel disease (Baumgart and Carding 1627 Ser); 

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Ravelli and Martini 

767 S); Pelvic organ prolapse (Jelovsek et al 1027 S), 

(Gunasekera et al 1789 C); Repetitive strain injury 

(van Tulder et al 1815 S); SLE (D’Cruz et al 587 S); 

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (van Gijn et al 306 S), 

(Batra and Rajeev 903 C), (Kreitschmann-Andermahr 

and Schneider 903 C), (Holbrook et al 904 C), (Jolobe 

904 C); Syphilis resurgence in China and results 



(Senanayake 1165 C); Vulvovaginal candidosis (Sobel 

1961 S) 

Epilepsy Generalised, valproate vs lamotrigine vs 

topiramate (SANAD randomised trial) (French 

970 Com), (Marson et al 1016); Newly-diagnosed 

and SANAD studies of effectiveness of drugs, 

first-choice drug suggestion (French 970 Com), 

(Marson et al 1000), (Marson et al 1016); Partial, 

carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate 

or oxcarbazepine comparisons (SANAD randomised 

trial) (French 970 Com), (Marson et al 1000); In 

puberty and adolescence (Patton and Viner 1135 Ser); 

Sexual dysfunction in (Rees et al 517 Ser) 

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) Metastasis 

mechanism (Eccles and Welch 1743 R) 

Equity fees User fees vs in low-income countries? 

(Brikci and Philips 10 Com) 

Equity funds, health In Cambodia (Leemput et al 

638 C) 

Erectile dysfunction (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 

415 Ser); Disorders causing and management 

(Basson and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser); As marker 

of endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery 

disease (Basson 350 Com); Sildenafil advertisements 

withdrawn over marketing for sexual performance 

enhancement (344 E) 

Errors Patient, types and promotion of patient safety 

(Buetow and Elwyn 158 V), (Smith 823 C) 

Erythropoietin Anaemia in chronic kidney disease 

treated with and mortality risk with upper 

haemoglobin targets (meta-analysis) (Strippoli et al 

346 Com), (Phrommintikul et al 381), (Ingelfinger 




C); Stroke management (Oprisiu et al 1080 C) 

ESPRIT Study Group Aspirin plus dipyridamole vs 

aspirin after cerebral ischaemia (274 erratum) 


Essay Focus 

Beyond medicalisation (Rose 700) 

Direct-to-consumer advertising (Metzl 704) 

Medicalisation in 21st century (Metzl and Herzig 

697) 

Medicalisation in HIV treatment (Patton 706) 

Medicalisation of race (Duster 702) 

Essential tremor Clinical update (Benito-León and 

Louis 1152 Com), (Critchley 2157 C) 

Estimates Levels of and interpretation of health 

statistics for policymaking (Walker et al 956 Ser) 

Ethics Allegations of breaches in neurogenetic 

research and Singapore Medical Council’s challenge 

of GMC’s decision and implications of GMC’s new 

rules (Shorvon 1835 Com); Code for scientists, 

key concepts of “rigour, respect and responsibility” 

(Pang 1068 Com), (Holdstock 1789 C); Concerns over 

trials in India, new guidelines and improvements 

(1233 E), (Epstein 1859 C); Fetal alcohol syndrome 

and rights of fetus (Mukherjee et al 1149 Com), 

(Caan 1789 C); Greenhouse-gas costs of clinical 

trials (McMichael and Bambrick 1584 Com); Health 

professional involvement in executions and need to 

stop capital punishment (343 E), (Gupta et al 991 C); 

Macbeth effect, explanation and examples (Watts 90 

Com); Scientific analysis of decision-making in and 

moral reasoning (Watts 90 Com) 

Ethiopia Insecticidal bednet number needed 

(Teklehaimanot et al 2143 Com); Profile of women’s 

rights campaigner (Gebre B) for end to female 

genital mutilation (Shetty 2071 P) 

Ethnic groups Cancer mortality rates in US (McCarthy 

263 WR); Diabetes prevalence predictions (716 E); 

Drug-response phenotypes, personalised medicine 

and definition of “Asians” (Po 1770 Com) 

Etoricoxib Cardiovascular safety and outcomes (Jick 

et al 555 C), (Cannon et al 556 C); Diclofenac vs, 

assessment of upper gastrointestinal safety (MEDAL 

study) (Drenth and Verheugt 439 Com), (Laine et 

al 465), (Parashar 1343 C), (Guslandi 1344 C), (Laine 

et al 1344 C), (Drenth et al 1345 C) 

EU Clinical Trials Directive Follow-up after 3 years, 

concerns over costs and bureaucracy (Hoey 1777 WR) 

Europe Leprosy disappearance and archaeological 

evidence of timing (Sharp 808 Com) 

European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and 

Associations (EFPIA) Direct-to-consumer advertising 

of prescription drugs (Ager 822 C) 

European Federation of Surgical Specialties (EFSS) 

UK government interference in surgical training 

(Greenhalgh 1928 C) 

European Journal of Cancer (EJC) Undeclared motive 

in withdrawing mammography paper (Gøtzsche 

et al 1690 C); Withdrawal of (pre)publication paper 

by and responses to (Dean 901 C), (Jefferson 901 C), 

(Kleinert 901 C) 

European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) 

Information update on oseltamivir after side-effects 

noted (1056 E); Patients’ and health professional 

groups’ representatives appointed and EU 

Pharmaceutical Code transparency (Pimpinella and 

Malgarini 90 Com); Reflection paper on measures of 

health-related quality of life (Revicki 540 Com) 

European Parliament Criticised over decision to host 

British American Tobacco’s conference on social 

corporate responsibility (Hyde 731 WR) 

European Union Bulgaria and Romania join (2 E); 

Cancer drug access comparisons and criticisms 

of UK (1665 E); Cancer statistics (incidence and 

mortality) (531 E); Cerebral palsy trends and 

incidence decreased in premature or very low 

birthweight infants (Hack and Wilson Costello 

7 Com), (Platt et al 43); Clinical Trials Directive, 

follow-up after 3 years, concerns over costs and 

bureaucracy (Hoey 1777 WR); Direct-to-consumer 

drug advertising and lessons from US (Metzel 704 

EF); Drug name harmonisation (Mehta and Aronson 

1326 Com); Folic acid fortification of food (flour) 

and debate over (Ambramsky et al 642 C); German 

presidency for 2007 and issues to be approached 

(248 E); Human rights leadership, in Human Rights 

Watch report (MacDonald 547 WR); Impact of DDT 

for malaria control on agricultural imports (248 

E); Organ donation and prevention of transplant 

tourism and organ trafficking (1901 E); Organ 

donation card (EU-wide) (1901 E); Pharmaceutical 

Code and implementation of culture of transparency 

(Pimpinella and Malgarini 90 Com); Public smoking 

bans showing signs of success (Spinney 1507 WR) 

Evans T WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

893 WR) 

Evidence-based medicine Use of evidence for WHO 

recommendations/guidelines (Hill and Pang 1842 

Com), (Oxman et al 1883) 

Evolution Yersinia pestis (Prentice and Rahalison 

1196 S) 

Excitotoxicity Reduction, acute ischaemic stroke 


Executions By lethal injections, procedural deficiencies 

and impossible to “fix” (Koniaris et al 352 Com); 

Organ harvesting in China and new regulations 

to reduce organ trade (Watts 1917 WR); Statistics, 

botched executions, legal challenges in US and 

need to stop capital punishment (343 E), (Gupta et 

al 991 C) 

Exemestane Adverse effect on bone mineral density 

(531 E); Breast cancer disease-free survival improved 

by after tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane 

Study) (randomised trial) (531 E), (Boccardo and 

Rubagotti 533 Com), (Coombes et al 559), (906 

erratum), (Ferretti et al 1599 C), (Atkins 1600 C), 

(Coombes et al 1600 C), (Ueda et al 1600 C) 

Exenatide Review of role in type 2 diabetes (Focosi 

et al 269 C), (Grouzmann et al 269 C), (Mihkail 

269 C) 

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ARDS and 

acute lung injury (Wheeler and Bernard 1559 R) 

Eyes Colour linked to personality traits (Mullan 

985 P); In Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 400 S) 

F 

Facial weakness Subdural haematoma as complication 

of haemodialysis presenting with (Papadakis et al 

714 CR) 

FACIT trial Benefits of folic acid supplementation 

on cognitive function in older adults (Morris and 

Tangney 166 Com), (Durga et al 208), (Durga et al 

1601 C), (Reynolds 1601 C), (Umhau 1602 C) 

Failure to thrive CNS tuberculosis and tuberculomas 

presenting in young child with (Logan et al 2132 CR) 

Fatah faction Fighting with Hamas movement and 

hospital crisis in Gaza Strip (Devi 2147 WR) 

Fatty acids N-3, after myocardial infarction and 

GISSI-Prevenzione trial (106 erratum); N-3, effects 





Fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic, type 2 

diabetes complication in children/adolescents 


Feet see Foot 

Female genital arousal disorder (Basson and Weijmar 


Female genital mutilation Dyspareunia and 

management (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 417 Ser); 

End to, profile of women’s rights campaigner (Gebre 

B) in Ethiopia (Shetty 2071 P); Male circumcision 

and prevention of HIV, influence on (Sawires 

et al 708 V); Prevalence in Africa and progress on 

reducing (Wakabi 1069 WR), (Afifi 1858 C) 

Fetal alcohol syndrome Legal and ethical issues, 

drinking prevalence and diagnosis (Mukherjee et al 

1149 Com), (Caan 1789 C) 

Fetal DNA Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for fetal 

aneuploidies (Benachi and Costa 440 Com), (Dhallan 

et al 474), (Hultén 1997 C), (Hahn et al 1997 C), (Lo 

and Chiu 1997 C), (Dhallan et al 1998 C) 

Fetus Stillbirth rates and causes, CEMACH report 

(1492 E) 

Fibrin glue CSF leak treated by in spontaneous 

intracranial hypotension (Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Fibrinogen-depleting agents Acute ischaemic stroke 


Fibroblasts Autologous, injection into rhabdosphincter 

and urethra for treatment of stress urinary 

incontinence (randomised trial) (Novara and 

Artibani 2139 Com), (Strasser et al 2179) 

Fibromuscular dysplasia Non-transplantable kidney 

and inaccurate description (Balzer et al 187 C), 

(Tondolo et al 188 C) 

Fibromyalgia Management (Henningsen et al 949 R) 

Fiction On medical science or health issue, call for 

short story for The Lancet (Pini and Osmond 450 

Com), (1430 erratum) 

Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Effect of smoking 

on lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes (Koga 

et al 365 C), (Lindström et al 365 C) 

Firearms Number in US, Virginia gun violence as 

social problem and right to health not right to bear 

arms (1403 E) 

First-in-man trials Risk minimisation and impact of 

anti-CD28 monoclonal trial (TGN1412) (Hemelaar 

1496 Com) 

Fish Maternal consumption with beneficial effect on 


study) (Myers and Davidson 537 Com), (Hibbeln 

et al 578), (Tamburlini and Barbone 1166 C), 

(Senanayake 1167 C); Mercury poisoning belief in 

US (Sandström and Brunekreef 535 Com) 

Fish oil Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on coronary 

events in hypercholesterolaemia and reduction 

of non-fatal events (JELIS randomised trial) 

(Mozaffarian 1062 Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090) 

Fistula-in-ano Management by seton but problem 

with immigration officials in US (Clark 370 C) 

Flour Folic acid fortification in Europe and debate 

over (Ambramsky et al 642 C) 

Fluid Management in ARDS and acute lung injury 

(Wheeler and Bernard 1559 R); Perioperative 

management, clinical update (Jacob et al 1984 Com) 

Fluoroquinolones Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance 

spread in US (McCarthy 1592 WR) 

Flushes, hot New treatments for, clinical update 

(Stearns 2062 Com) 

Folate Dietary intake too low and effects of 

supplementation on cognitive function in older 

adults (FACIT randomised trial) (Morris and 

Tangney 166 Com), (Durga et al 208), (Durga 

et al 1601 C), (Reynolds 1601 C), (Umhau 1602 C); 

Recommended dietary allowance possibly too low 

in adults (Morris and Tangney 166 Com), (Durga 

et al 208), (Durga et al 1601 C), (Reynolds 1601 C), 

(Umhau 1602 C) 

Folic acid Fortification of foodstuffs (flour) in 

Europe and debate (Ambramsky et al 642 C); 

Supplementation, homocysteine reduction and 

stroke prevention (meta-analysis) (Carlsson 1841 

Com), (Wang et al 1876) 

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Deficiency, 


Food Crisis in Cambodia and funding needs by 

UN World Food Programme (1056 E); Folic 

acid fortification in Europe and debate over 

(Ambramsky et al 642 C); Fortification of processed 

cereals with iron, efficacy in Kenya (randomised 

trial) (Greiner 1766 Com), (Andang’o et al 1799); 

Melamine contamination, in US, food safety 

reforms and new position at FDA after (1575 E); US 

federal agencies responsible for monitoring quality 

(1575 E) 

Food aid System needs reforms, US 2007 Farm Bill 

as opportunity (2134 E) See also Humanitarian aid; 

World Food Programme (WFP) 

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Assistant 

Commissioner for Food Protection, new position 

to improve food safety in US (1575 E); Directto-consumer 

advertising of prescription drugs 

overseen by (1 E), (Ager 822 C), (van Lierop 1790 

C); Draft guidance on patient-reported outcomes 

(PROs) (Revicki 540 Com); Drug safety reforms 

criticised and computer system for tracking adverse 

effects mismanaged (Bristol 1072 WR); Increase 

in pharmaceutical industry user fees sought to 

improve drug safety practices (Zwillich 357 WR); 

Microarray test to determine disease-free survival 

in breast cancer (531 E), (Thorat 1428 C); Phase I 

drugs access by terminally ill patients (Bristol 815 

WR); Reforms, Scientific Knowledge and Public 

Policy (SKAPP) meeting and need for increased 

resources and Congressional caution (Robbins 

1583 Com); Safety reforms considered by US 

Congress lawmakers (Zwillich 1989 WR); Sildenafil 

advertisements withdrawn over marketing for 

sexual performance enhancement (344 E); Study on 

alteplase safety (STARS) (Albers and Olivot 249 Com) 




Food manufacturers Infant formulae marketing and 

promotional concerns, WHO’s responsibility to 

monitor adherence of code (MacDonald 1773 Com) 

Food safety Reforms in US after melamine 

contamination case, new position at FDA and 

increased funding sought (1575 E) 

Foot Deformity, gait analysis to assist walking 

after stroke (Patrick and Keenan 256 Com); 

Hyperkeratosis, Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis 

paraneoplastica) presenting with (Poligone et al 

530 CR) 

Foreign policy Health as instrument of, Donaldson 

report (UK) and UK Government-wide global 

strategy (Horton 806 Com), (Donaldson and 

Banatvala 857 PH), (Obermann 1688 C), (Wood et al 

1688 C), (Ellis et al 1689 C); Health issues in (Hall 

105 C); Oslo Ministerial Declaration, global health as 

pressing foreign policy issue (Ministers of Foreign 

Affairs of Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, Senegal, 

South Africa and Thailand 1373 HP), (Kvåle 2158 C), 

(Thomas 2159 C) 

Fractures Children, detection of physical abuse and 



Frailty Of elderly people, causes and reduction 

strategies (Strandberg and Pitkälä 1328 Com), 

(1860 erratum) 

Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) 

Role, difficulties and Bloomberg initiative (2133 E); 

Technical package for tobacco use control and how to 

prevent 100 million deaths (Frieden and Bloomberg 

1758 V) 

France Access to specialists and hospital services, 

relocation into primary care (Wilkinson 1249 WR); 

Compensation for diethylstilbestrol injury (‘t Hoen 

and Dukes 173 Com), (‘t Hoen and Dukes 1259 C), 

(van Leeuwen et al 1258 C); Public smoking bans 

showing signs of success (Spinney 1507 WR) 

Free radical scavengers Acute ischaemic stroke 


Functional MRI (fMRI) Brains whilst viewing 

advertisements, neuromarketing and (Butcher 

551 P) 

Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) Definition/ 

terminology and classification/aetiology/ 

management (Henningsen et al 946 R), (Eytan 

1691 C) 

Funding For research, time/energy spent on 

applications, suggestion of unique identifier 

(Whiteman 449 Com) 

Fusion energy Time-table and methods (Sharp 259 

Com) 

G 

G8 nations German presidency for 2007 and issues 

to be approached (248 E); Slow progress in aid and 

debt relief since 2005 meeting and need for new 

commitments (1833 E) 

Gabapentin Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, 



Com), (Marson et al 1000); Treatment for hot flushes, 


GAD gene therapy Adeno-associated virus (AAV)borne, 

for Parkinson’s disease, phase I trial (Stoessl 

2056 Com), (Kaplitt et al 2097) 

Gait Analysis to assist walking after stroke (Patrick 

and Keenan 256 Com); Instability, neurosarcoidosis 

presenting with (Agari et al 878 CR) 

Gambia Effectiveness of early vitamin A 

supplementation scheme with high-dose vitamin 

A vs standard WHO protocol (randomised trial) 

(Brabin 2054 Com), (Darboe et al 2088) 

γ–hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) Narcolepsy with cataplexy 

treatment (Caputo and Zoli 1080 C) 

Gastroenterology The Lancet’s call for papers 

(Summerskill 260 Com); Neglected by NHS and 

national audit results of inflammatory bowel disease 

(Butcher 1591 WR) 

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Profuse rectal, due 

to Meckel’s diverticulum (Geier et al 1664 CR); 

Recurrent ulcer bleeding prevention by COX-2 

inhibitor and PPI (randomised trial) (Scheiman 

and Fendrick 1580 Com), (Chan et al 1621); Severe, 

gastrointestinal leucocytoclastic vasculitis presenting 

with (Uzoigwe et al 1054 CR), (Di Comite and Rossi 

1786 C), (Uzoigwe et al 1787 C) 

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (Rubin et al 

1731 S); Clinical features/pathology/epidemiology/ 

pathogenesis and management (Rubin et al 1731 S); 

Imatinib-resistance (Rubin et al 1736 S) 

Gastrointestinal tract Immunhomoeostasis 

(Baumgart and Carding 1632 Ser); Leucocytoclastic 

vasculitis presenting with life-threatening 

haemorrhage (Uzoigwe et al 1054 CR), (Di Comite 

and Rossi 1786 C), (Uzoigwe et al 1787 C); Safety 

assessment of selective COX-2 inhibitors vs nonselective 

COX inhibitors (MEDAL study) (Drenth 




Gates Foundation see Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 

Gaza Strip Hospitals struggling after factional fighting 

between Hamas movement and Fatah faction (Devi 

2147 WR) 

Gebre B Profile of women’s rights campaigner for 

end to female genital mutilation in Ethiopia (Shetty 

2071 P) 

Gender equality Male mortality rates and health 

inequalities (715 E), (Thorat 1428 C); MDG-3 

progress but improvements needed (715 E) See also 

Health inequalities 

Gene expression microarrays Metastatic potential 

prediction (Eccles and Welch 1745 R) 

General Medical Council (GMC) Decision on ethical 

breaches in research in Singapore and Singapore 

Medical Council’s challenge, implications of GMC 

rule changes (Shorvon 1835 Com) 

General practitioners see Doctors; Physicians 

Gene therapy Adeno-associated virus borne GAD gene 

for Parkinson’s disease, phase I trial (Stoessl 2056 

Com), (Kaplitt et al 2097) 

Genetic fitness Huntington’s disease (Walker 221 S) 

Genetics Ankylosing spondylitis (Braun and Sieper 

1382 S); Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney 

disease (Torres et al 1287 S), (Bergmann and 

Zerres 2157 C); Huntington’s disease (Walker 220 

S); Inflammatory bowel disease (Baumgart and 

Carding 1628 Ser); Metastases control (Eccles and 

Welch 1748 R); Mutations in gastrointestinal stromal 

tumour (Rubin et al 1732 S); Narcolepsy with 

cataplexy (Dauvilliers et al 502 S); Neuroblastoma 

predisposition (Maris et al 2112 S); SLE (D’Cruz 

et al 588 S); UK Biobank aims for study of commondisease 

common-variants (Palmer 1980 Com); 

Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 397 S), (Harris et al 

902 C), (Leggio et al 902 C), (Walshe 902 C) 

Genetic screening Microarrays, prenatal application 

(Shuster 526 V), (Ghosh and Ghosh 992 C) 

Genetic testing 70-gene test and breast cancer 

detection (Thorat 1428 C); Huntington’s disease 

(Walker 220 S); Microarray, to determine disease-free 

survival in breast cancer approved by FDA (531 E), 

(Thorat 1428 C) 

Genetic variants Mapping in genome-wide association 

study (1974 E); UK Biobank aims (Palmer 1980 

Com) 

Genital congestion, deficient Pathophysiology and 

disorders with (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 413 Ser) 

Genital mutilation see Female genital mutilation 

Genome Human, mapping of genetic variants in 

genome-wide association study (1974 E) 

Genome-wide profiling Mapping of genetic variants 

(1974 E); Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2113 S) 

Germany Access to specialists and hospital services, 

relocation into primary care (Wilkinson 1249 WR); 

Children murder leads to proposals for legislation 

for cooperation between health workers and local 

authorities and early warning system (Hyde 95 WR); 

Guarded optimism over recent changes and G8 and 

EU presidency (248 E); Previous attempts to impose 

control over doctors’ duties and Nazi policies (Hyde 

95 WR); Public smoking bans showing signs of 

success (Spinney 1507 WR) 

Ghana Onchocerciasis prevalence and intensity of 

infection, ivermectin efficacy and resistance (Hotez 

1979 Com), (Osei-Atweneboana et al 2021) 

GISSI-Prevenzione trial N-3 fatty acids after myocardial 

infarction (106 erratum) 

Glaucoma Hypertension as potential risk factor 

(Wong and Mitchell 431 R), (2078 erratum) 

GlaxoSmithKline Research facility for neglected 

tropical diseases (Norris 369 C); Rosiglitazone safety 

questioned in NEJM systematic review (1834 E), 

(Krall 1995 C), (Nabel et al 2077 C) 

Gliptins Review of role in type 2 diabetes (Focosi et al 

269 C), (Grouzmann et al 269 C), (Mihkail 269 C) 

Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB Alliance) 

Tuberculosis drug market size, report, and need to 

understand supply/delivery and distribution (1764 E) 

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) 

Funding and assessment of vaccine cost-effectiveness 

(Kumar and Puliyel 189 C), (Le Calvez 189 C) 

Global burden of disease Diabetes and need to target 

high-risk groups (716 E); Interpretation of health 

statistics for policymaking (Walker et al 956 Ser) 

Global climate change Greenhouse-gas costs of clinical 

trials (McMichael and Bambrick 1584 Com) 

Global environmental factors Impact on health and 

number of preventable deaths (2052 E) 

Global eradication Of polio, status and implications 

(Fine and Griffiths 1321 Com) 

Global Forum for Health Research Meeting, and The 

Lancet’s call for essays on theme of (Ramsay 809 

Com) 

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 

Audited accounts delayed in Kenya and potential risk 

to anti-AIDS efforts (Wakabi 17 WR); Investment 

in health-impact assessment (Boerma and 

Abou-Zahr 718 Com); Programme performance 

evaluation scores and correlation with programme 

characteristics, health sector and recipient country 

(Murray et al 1768 Com), (Radelet and Siddiqi 1807) 

Global governance Vote buying in UN Security Council 

by use of aid (Woodward 12 Com), (Court 737 C) 

Global health Adolescent, issues and The Lancet series 

(Kleinert 1057 Com), (Resnick and Bowes 1058 Com), 

(Shribman 1788 C); Evaluation of international 

programmes, new institute for founded by Gates 

Foundation (1902 E); Foreign policy perspective, 

UK leadership and UK Government-wide global 

strategy for (Horton 806 Com), (Donaldson and 


1688 C), (Ellis et al 1689 C); Need to engage public, 

and possible role of Wellcome Collection (2052 E); 

As pressing foreign policy issue, Oslo Ministerial 

Declaration (Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, 

France, Indonesia, Norway, Senegal, South Africa 

and Thailand 1373 HP), (Kvåle 2158 C), (Thomas 

2159 C); Quantitative analyses of performance, 

Global Fund evaluation scores (Murray et al 1768 

Com), (Radelet and Siddiqi 1807) 

Global Health Partnerships: the UK contribution to 

health in developing countries (Lord Crisp’s report) 

Recommendations and need for implementation 

(Pelly 1498 Com) 

Global mortality From measles, 2005 target achieved 

(Elliman and Bedford 165 Com), (Wolfson et al 191) 

Global perspectives On sexual behaviour (274 

erratum), (Beunza 556 C), (Epstein and Halperin 

557 C), (Wellings et al 557 C) 

Global population Growth, reasons for and serious 

impact on Millennium Development Goals (UK 

report) (Potts and Fotso 354 Com) 

Glucagon test Phaeochromocytoma crisis triggered by 

and presenting with multi-organ failure (Roeters van 

Lennep et al 798 CR) 

Glue, fibrin CSF leak treated by in spontaneous 

intracranial hypotension (Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Glycaemic index High-GI diet and effect of eating 

foods in combination (Ludwig 890 Com); Lowglycaemic-index 

diet, clinical update (Ludwig 890 

Com) 

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors Heparin with, vs 

bivalirudin for moderate/high-risk acute coronary 

syndrome patients undergoing PCI (ACUITY trial) 

(Waksman 881 Com), (Stone et al 907); TPA with, 

in acute ischaemic stroke management (Sacco et al 

331 R) 

Gonorrhoea Drug-resistance in US (McCarthy 1592 

WR) 

Graft rejection Candidate assays as biomarkers of 

(Sayegh and Remuzzi 1678 Com) 

Gray R Profile of collaborator on Ugandan HIV trials 

(Boseley 635 P) 

Greece Antikythera mechanism as astronomical 

calendar from ancient Greece (Sharp 176 Com) 

Greenhouse gases Emissions and costs from clinical 

trials, and reduction to avert climate change 

(McMichael and Bambrick 1584 Com) 

Group of 8 wealthiest nations see G8 nations 

Growth hormone (GH) Deficiency, hypopituitarism 

diagnosis (Schneider et al 1466 S) 


Guatemala Training of traditional birth attendants 


Gun violence As preventable social problem and public 

health issue, firearm statistics for US, and strategies 

for reducing (1403 E) 

H 

HAART Protease inhibitor with vs NNRTI and indirect 

meta-analysis (Cipriani et al 270 C), (Caldwell et al 

270 C), (Chou and Fu 271 C) 

Haematoma Spontaneous intramural oesophageal, 



Haemodialysis Subdural haematoma as complication 

and presenting with facial weakness (Papadakis 

et al 714 CR) 

Haemoglobin Risks associated with upper levels in 

chronic kidney disease treatment (Fernandes et al 

365 C); Upper limits for anaemia in chronic kidney 

disease treated with erythropoietin (meta-analysis) 

and mortality risks (Strippoli et al 346 Com), 

(Phrommintikul et al 381), (Ingelfinger and Remuzzi 

1515 C), (Regidor and Kalantar-Zadeh 1515 C), 

(Drüeke et al 1516 C), (Phrommintikul et al 1516 C), 

(Nonoguchi et al 1517 C), (Reinhold et al 1517 C) 

Haemorrhage Severe, gastrointestinal leucocytoclastic 

vasculitis presenting with (Uzoigwe et al 1054 CR), 

(Di Comite and Rossi 1786 C), (Uzoigwe et al 1787 C); 

Subarachnoid see Subarachnoid haemorrhage See 

also Bleeding 

Haiti Human rights abuse in Port-au-Prince and 

disclosures not included with original paper (344 E), 

(Horton and Summerskill 355 Com), (370 erratum) 

Hajj pilgrims Meningococcal vaccine coverage 

(El Bashir et al 1343 C) 

Hall W Profile of researcher on health effects of 

addiction (Pincock 1993 P) 

Hamas movement Fighting with Fatah faction and 

hospital crisis in Gaza Strip (Devi 2147 WR) 

Hands Hyperhidrosis treatment by botulinum toxin 

injection (Sonntag et al 1372 CP); Hyperkeratosis, 


presenting with (Poligone et al 530 CR) 

Happiness Measurement in children with cerebral 

palsy (Dammann and O’Shea 2137 Com), (Dickinson 

et al 2171) 

Harm-reduction strategies For substance abuse in 

adolescents (Toumbourou et al 1391 Ser), (Souza and 

de Leon 2157 C), (Röggla and Moser 2158 C) 

Head Area of softening, plasmocytoma vs meningioma 

(van Santbrink and Cornips 1286 CP) 

Headache Cluster, treatment by occipital nerve 

stimulation (Ambrosini 1063 Com), (Burns 

et al 1099); Positional, spontaneous intracranial 

hypotension causing and reversal by fibrin glue 

treatment of CSF leak (Schievink et al 1402 CR); 

Severe sudden, in subarachnoid haemorrhage 

(van Gijn et al 308 S); Tension, management 


Head trauma Children, detection of physical abuse 

and effective interventions (Marcovitch and Jones 

1844 Com), (Dubowitz and Bennett 1891 S); Sexual 

dysfunction after (Rees et al 514 Ser) 

Health Aboriginal peoples, Australian political 

conservatism and (1320 E), (Butler 2075 C), 

(Due 2075 C); Adolescents see Adolescent(s) ; In 

Africa, Japan’s aid commitment (Yamamoto and 

Crump 28 C); After Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 

(Harris Cheng 2066 SR); As commodity, as global 

public-health good and human right (Donaldson 

and Banatvala 858 PH); Impact of environmental 

factors and number of preventable deaths (2052 E); 

Inequalities see Health inequalities ; As instrument of 

foreign policy, Donaldson report (UK), Department 

for International Development’s policymaking and 

global health (Horton 806 Com), (Donaldson and 


1688 C), (Ellis et al 1689 C); Issues in foreign policy 

(Hall 105 C); The Lancet’s call for papers on health 

in Latin America (McCarthy and Clark 1675 Com); 

Measuring and criticisms of use of DALYs (Mont 

1658 V); Nanotechnology risks to (1142 E), (Ciftcioglu 

et al 2078 C); Problems in young people and youthfriendly 

primary-care services (Tylee et al 1565 

Ser); Right to, obstacles to progress and need for 

application of international policymaking processes 

(438 E); Statistics see Health statistics; Strategy for 

Department for International Development (DFID), 

challenges, priorities and aid strategy (1973 E), 

(2078 erratum); UK population’s, protection and 

security issues (Donaldson and Banatvala 858 

PH); Women’s, MDG-3 and sexual/reproductive 

health progress but need for women’s potential to 

be achieved (715 E); World Bank’s new strategy and 

concerns over (McCoy 1499 Com) 

Health care For adolescents with chronic conditions 

(Sawyer et al 1485 Ser); Barriers to provision and 

use of services by young people (Tylee et al 1566 

Ser); Burundi’s health sector destroyed by ethnic 

war (Wakabi 1847 WR); For children in US, SCHIP’s 

budget changes and support for expansion of plan 

to include all uninsured children (799 E); Costs, 

pay-or-die policy in China and protests over (Watts 

93 WR); Crisis in Zimbabwe (Kapp 1987 WR); 

Funding, user fees or equity funds in low-income 

countries? (Brikci and Philips 10 Com); International 

programmes evaluated under Health Metrics and 

Evaluation Institute funded by Gates Foundation 

(1902 E); Iraq, and urgent need for improvements 

(80 E); Iraq, situation deterioration (1834 E); 

Overhaul planned in China after protests over payor-die 

policy (Watts 93 WR); Reforms in Chile to 

reduce coronary heart disease (Bambs et al 825 C); 

Reforms proposed in US and tax deduction for health 

insurance (McCarthy 545 WR); Reforms to control 

tuberculosis in China (Sleigh 626 Com), (Wang 

et al 691 PH); Services “outsourced” to developing 

countries (MacReady 1849 WR); UK government 

(Labour)’s legacy (Brown 1679 SR); Youth-friendly 

primary-care services (Tylee et al 1565 Ser) See also 

Health care system 

Health-care professionals Involvement in policy and 

NHS strategy, Royal College of Physicians’ inquiry 

into medical professionalism (Horton et al 1405 

Com); Participation in capital punishment and need 

to ban death penalty (343 E), (Gupta et al 991 C); 

Surplus specialists but shortages of primary care 

providers and community health workers in Latin 

America and Caribbean (Fraser 179 WR) See also 

Health care workers 

Health-care providers In US, environmentally friendly 

improvements (Bristol 453 WR) 

Health-care system Doctors’ protest in Bulgaria over 

crisis (corruption, staff shortages and low pay) 

(Ivanova 1157 WR); Emphasis in consensus survey 

on maternal and child survival research priorities 

(Costello et al 1240 Com), (Heikens et al 2159 C); 

Reformed in Serbia (McCarthy 360 WR); Strong 

general health services needed in India (Devadasan 

et al 638 C); US, case studies in book by Cohn J 

(Oransky 1921 P) See also Health care 

Health Care Without Harm (HCWH) Health-care 

providers go “green” in US (Bristol 453 WR) 

Healthcare workers Community, large-scale 

interventions by for improving child survival, 

Mitanin programme in India (Sundararaman 

2058 Com), (Haines 2121 R); Shortage as 

constraining factor on vaccination coverage in 


and Bärnighausen 1277) See also Health care 

professionals 

Health economics Equity funds in Cambodia 

(Leemput et al 638 C); User fees vs equity fees for 

health care funding in low-income countries (Brikci 

and Philips 10 Com) 

Health facilities US Green Building Council standards 

(Bristol 453 WR) 

Health-impact assessment Global Fund investment in 

(Boerma and Abou-Zahr 718 Com) 

Health inequalities In men, mortality rates (Braillon 

1428 C); Reduction in Thailand (using census data) 

and implications for other countries (Bhutta 804 

Com), (Vapattanawong et al 850) See also Gender 

equality 

Health insurance Case studies in book by Cohn J 

(Oransky 1921 P); SCHIP (State Children’s Health 

Insurance Program), budget changes, number of 

uninsured children and support for expansion of 

program to include all uninsured children (US) 

(799 E); Tax deduction proposed in US to improve 

affordability (McCarthy 545 WR); User fees vs equity 

fees for health care funding in low-income countries 


Health Metrics and Evaluation Institute Founded and 

funded by Gates Foundation (1902 E) 

Health outcomes EMEA’s reflection paper on and 

FDA’s draft guidance on patient-related outcomes 

(Revicki 540 Com) 

Health Policy 

Development of rational scale to assess harm 

of drugs of misuse and use for drug policy 

formulation (Nutt et al 1047) 

Oslo Ministerial Declaration ó global health as 

pressing foreign policy issue (Ministers of Foreign 

Affairs of Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, 

Senegal, South Africa and Thailand 1373) 

Health politics New discipline and mechanic of health 

policymaking (Krajewski-Siuda 368 C) 

Health promotion Sexual, strategies for adolescents 

(global perspectives) (Bearinger et al 1224 Ser) 

Health-related quality of life Adolescents with 

chronic conditions (Sawyer et al 1483 Ser); EMEA’s 

reflection paper on and FDA’s draft guidance on 

patient-related outcomes (Revicki 540 Com); Type 2 

diabetes complications in children/adolescents and 


Health research Cooksey report and strategy for 

translational research (Lord and Trembath 1771 

Com) 

Health-risk behaviours Young people and youthfriendly 

primary-care services (Tylee et al 1565 

Ser) 

Health statistics Commitment to transparency 

and accountability, The Lancet series and political 

dimensions (Boerma and Abou-Zahr 718 Com); 

Correct use of crude, corrected and predicted 

(Murray 867 Ser); Focus on priority indicators and 

need for better data collection (Murray 862 Ser); 

Interpretation for policymaking (Walker et al 956 

Ser); Policymaking relationship at country/global 

levels, framework for transition from data to policy 

(Abou-Zahr et al 1039 Ser); Profile of Boerma T 

(Shetty 735 P) See also Series, Health Statistics 

Health workers see Health care workers 

Hearing loss Childhood, global burden and disease 

control priorities in developing countries (Olusanya 

and Newton 1314 V), (1860 erratum); Childhood, 

implications and early detection and intervention as 

priority (1234 E) 

Heart failure Beneficial effect of angiotensin receptor 

blockade (valsartan) on diastolic function in 

hypertension (VALIDD randomised trial) (Ahmed 

et al 2053 Com), (Solomon et al 2079); Serious, in 

PROactive trial and greater rates in pioglitazone 

group (Rydén et al 189 C) 

Heel pricks Stress and pain reduction in infants 

by sucrose or breastfeeding (Shann 721 Com), 


Helminth infections Elimination and impact on 

malaria (Specht and Hoerauf 446 Com); Plasmodia 

coinfection, immunology and effects of helminth 

elimination on malaria (Specht and Hoerauf 446 

Com) 

Henoch-Schönlein purpura Clinical update (Saulsbury 

976 Com); Gastrointestinal leucocytoclastic 

vasculitis presenting with severe haemorrhage 

(Uzoigwe et al 1054 CR), (Di Comite and Rossi 1786 

C), (Uzoigwe et al 1787 C) 

Heparin Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors with vs 

bivalirudin for moderate/high-risk acute coronary 

syndrome patients undergoing PCI (ACUITY 

trial) (Waksman 881 Com), (Stone et al 907); 

Unfractionated, enoxaparin vs for prevention of 

venous thromboembolism after acute ischaemic 

stroke (PREVAIL study) (Sherman et al 1347), 

(O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com) 

Hepatic disease see Liver disease 

Hepatitis Severe acute, in patient treated with 

anastrozole (de al Cruz et al 23 C) 

Hepatitis B Prevalence, treatment, costs and research 

in China (Liu and Fan 1582 Com) 

Hepatitis E Locally acquired, in developed countries 

(Dalton et al 1260 C) 

Hepcidin Iron transport inhibition role and 

intravenous iron for anaemia, clinical update 

(Auerbach et al 1502 Com) 




HERA (Herceptin Adjuvant) study Follow-up of 

trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2positive 

breast cancer (randomised trial) (Hind et al 

3 Com), (Smith et al 29), (Smith et al 991 C), (Takita 

et al 991 C) 

Herceptin Adjuvant (HERA) study Follow-up of 

trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2positive 

breast cancer (randomised trial) (Hind et al 

3 Com), (Smith et al 29), (Smith et al 991 C), (Takita 

et al 991 C) 

Herd-immunity effect Pneumonia admissions decline 

after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunisation 

(time-series analysis) (Levine and Cutts 1144 Com), 

(Grijalva et al 1179) 

Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) Importance in HIV 

transmission (Kalichman et al 1597 C), (Bailey et 

al 1598 C) 

Herzegovina Peace through medical education 

(Sambunjak and äimunovi∫ 905 C) 

Heymann D WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

894 WR) 

High altitude Effects of hypoxia studied on Mount 

Everest (Butcher 1921 P) 

Hillier J Obituary of electron microscope developer and 

physicist (Oransky 1162 O) 

Hip Developmental dysplasia see Developmental 

dysplasia of hip ; Total replacement, metallic debris 

from implants, implications on cancer risks, lack of 

legal requirements and establishment of National 

Joint Registry in England and Wales (Learmonth and 


Histology Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2109 S) 

History Of leprosy in Europe and timing of leprosy 

disappearance (Sharp 808 Com) 

HIV-1 Entry inhibitors, microbicides (Balzarini and 

Van Damme 791 R), (Silverstein 1429 C); Vertical 

transmission and need for revision of infant 

feeding guidelines (Holmes and Savage 1065 

Com), (Coovadia et al 1107), (Coovadia et al 2073 

C), (Henderson et al 2073 C), (Silverstein 2073 C), 

(Saloojee 2074 C), (Holmes and Savage 2075 C); 

Vertical transmission in China, prevention (Wu et al 

685 PH); Vertical transmission in Taiwan (Chen 

and Kuo 623 Com); Vertical transmission reduced 

by exclusive breastfeeding vs mixed breastfeeding 

(Holmes and Savage 1065 Com), (Coovadia et al 

1107), (Coovadia et al 2073 C), (Henderson et al 2073 

C), (Silverstein 2073 C), (Saloojee 2074 C), (Holmes 

and Savage 2075 C) 

HIV-1 integrase inhibitors Raltegravir (MK-0518), 

safety and efficacy as salvage therapy in HIV/AIDS 

(randomised trial) (Cahn and Sued 1235 Com), 

(Grinsztejn et al 1261) 

HIV/AIDS Adolescents (global perspectives) (Bearinger 

et al 1224 Ser); Antiretroviral drug access, WHO 

report and need to reduce costs and improve access 

to second-line drugs (1320 E); Berlin conference 

reports and Lesotho’s progress (Loewenberg 358 

WR); China, statistics and evolution of response 

to (615 E), (Hesketh 621 Com), (Wu et al 679 PH); 

Counterterrorism targeting of people vulnerable to 

(Csete 720 Com); Darunavir-ritonavir, efficacy and 

safety (POWER studies) (MacArthur 1143 Com), 

(Clotet et al 1169); Diagnosis of smear-negative 

pulmonary tuberculosis in resource-constrained 

settings (Getahun et al 2042 PH); Food shortages 

in Cambodia and effect on (1056 E); Global 

failure to respond to pandemic and statistics 

(1141 E); Implementers’ Meeting (Scaling up through 

partnerships) in Rwanda (1974 E); Increased risk 

associated with vaginal microbicides (cellulose 

sulphate) (615 E); Kenya, delay in provision of 

audited accounts but assurance of strict procedures 

for funding use (Wakabi 17 WR); The Lancet’s call 

for papers for special issue (James et al 628 Com); 

Malaria association, and need for mass distribution 

of insecticidal bednets (Teklehaimanot et al 2143 

Com); Medicalisation of treatment (Patton 706 

EF); Prevalence in conflict-affected and displaced 


(Jewkes 2140 Com), (Spiegel et al 2187); Prevention 

and microbicide drug candidates for (Balzarini and 

Van Damme 787 R), (Silverstein 1429 C); Prevention 

by male circumcision, randomised trials in Kenya 

and Uganda (615 E), (Newell and Bärnighausen 

617 Com), (Boseley 635 P), (Bailey et al 643), (Gray 

et al 657), (Sawires et al 708 V), (Brewer et al 1597 

C), (Kalichman et al 1597 C), (O’Farrell et al 1597 C), 

(Bailey et al 1598 C), (Denniston and Hill 1598 C); 

Prevention strategies, male circumcision, vaginal 

microbicides trials stopped and status of preventative 

vaccines (615 E); Profile of Gray R (collaborator with 

Ugandan researchers on trials) (Boseley 635 P); 

Raltegravir (HIV-1 integrase inhibitor) safety and 

efficacy as salvage therapy (randomised trial) (Cahn 

and Sued 1235 Com), (Grinsztejn et al 1261); Security 

and, effect of AIDS on military strength and public 

security (Csete 720 Com); Self-testing and time for 

policy revision (Frith 243 V); Sexual dysfunction in 

(Trotta et al 905 C); South Africa’s new 5-year plan for 

prevention and treatment (Kapp 1589 WR); Status, 

effect on childhood pneumonia and response to 

treatment (Steinhoff and Black 1409 Com), (McNally 

et al 1440); Status, estimate of lack of knowledge 

on in UK (Frith 243 V); Status and immigration 

to Australia (1320 E), (Butler 2075 C), (Due 2075 

C); Sustainable programmes to control, PEPFAR 

progress (1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Taiwan, and 

China’s response to HIV (616 E), (Wu et al 679 PH); 

Taiwan, statistics and response to, clinical spectrum 

of AIDS, vertical HIV-1 transmission (615 E), (Chen 

and Kuo 623 Com); Testing, guidelines revision 

and routine opt-out HIV testing in US (Lifson and 

Rybicki 539 Com); Testing and counselling services, 

use of data for HIV surveillance in Africa (Mwaluko 

et al 612 V), (Holtedahl et al 1166 C); Tuberculosis 

comorbidity and inadequate response to, threat to 

WHO’s Stop TB Strategy (965 E); US Global AIDS 

Initiative (PEPFAR) and evaluation of progress in 

IOM report (1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Vaccine 

progress and status (615 E); Vulvovaginal candidosis 

(Sobel 1967 S) 

HLA In narcolepsy with cataplexy (Dauvilliers et al 

504 S) 

HLA B27 Ankylosing spondylitis risk (Braun and 

Sieper 1380 S) 

HLA matching Outcomes of umbilical cord blood 

transplantation vs bone marrow transplantation in 

acute leukaemia (Rocha and Gluckman 1906 Com), 

(Eapen et al 1947) 

Hodgkin’s disease Mediastinal radiotherapy for and 

coronary heart disease after (Bramkamp et al 

1762 CR) 

Hoffenberg Sir R Obituary of endocrinologist banned by 

South Africa’s apartheid government (Watts 1854 O) 

Holmes-Adie syndrome Chronic cough associated and 

autonomic neuropathy in (Ford et al 342 CR) 

Homocysteine Effect of folic acid supplementation 

in older adults (FACIT trial) (Morris and Tangney 

166 Com), (Durga et al 208), (Durga et al 1601 C), 

(Reynolds 1601 C), (Umhau 1602 C); Reduction, effect 

of folic acid supplementation on stroke prevention 

(meta-analysis) (Carlsson 1841 Com), (Wang et al 

1876) 

Homosexuals HIV incidence in Taiwan (Chen and Kuo 

623 Com); Increased repression in many countries 

(Csete 720 Com); STDs increase, serosorting strategy 

and safe-sex fatigue (1576 E) 

Hong Kong Profile as clinical researcher (Chan F K L) 

(Harris Cheng 1595 P); To reduce influx of pregnant 

Chinese women (Harris Cheng 981 WR) 

Hormonal factors SLE pathogenesis (D’Cruz et al 

589 S) 

Hormonal therapy Hypopituitarism (Schneider et al 

1467 S) 

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Ovarian cancer 

risk associated (Narod 1667 Com), (Million Women 

Study Collaborators 1703) 

Hospitals In Gaza Strip, problems after factional 

fighting between Hamas movement and Fatah 

faction (Devi 2147 WR); Inefficiency, strategies for 

NHS improvement in Robinson’s TV series (Stein 

1150 Com), (Goodman 1927 C); Management for 

Mumbai train blast victims (Deshpande et al 639 C); 

Reconfiguration of UK services planned and possible 

system of large specialist centres (Wilkinson 1249 

WR); Specialty, economic advantages, controversy and 

problems in US (966 E); Surge capacity, older people 

and priority for activities of daily living (Falconer 

and O’Neill 822 C), (Kelen 823 C); Teaching, funding 

cuts in US and implications for academic medicine 

(532 E) 

Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E) Health-care 

providers go “green” in US (Bristol 453 WR) 

Hot flushes New treatments, clinical update (Stearns 

2062 Com) 

Housing After Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 (Harris 

Cheng 2066 SR) 

HPV see Human papillomavirus (HPV) 

HSV-2 Importance in HIV transmission (Kalichman 

et al 1597 C), (Bailey et al 1598 C) 

Hughes’ syndrome (antiphospholipid syndrome) 

Clinical features and management (D’Cruz et al 

592 S) 

Human–animal hybrid embryos Light regulation 

needed and HFEA delayed decision (164 E) 

Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority 

(HFEA) Decision delayed on humanñanimal hybrid 

embryos (164 E) 

Human genome Mapping of genetic variants in 

genome-wide association study (1974 E) 

Humanitarian aid Coordination of donor aid, priority 

of Department for International Development 

(UK) (1973 E), (2078 erratum); Darfur region, 

deteriorating security situation may reverse 

health gains achieved by humanitarian workers 

(Brown 630 WR); Department for International 

Development’s new health strategy, challenges, 

priorities and aid strategy (1973 E), (2078 erratum); 

Food, in Cambodia and World Food Programme’s 

funding needs (1056 E); Food aid system needs 

reforms, US 2007 Farm Bill as opportunity (2134 

E); G8 nations not keeping 2005 commitments to 

Africa, slow progress and need for greater funding 

(1833 E); Health and housing after Indian Ocean 

tsunami of 2004 (Harris Cheng 2066 SR); UK 

response needs to be more effective (Lord Crisp’s 

report) (Pelly 1498 Com) See also World Food 

Programme (WFP) 

Humanitarian problems Health situation deterioration 

in Iraq (1834 E) 

Human papillomavirus (HPV) Efficacy of L1 viruslike-particle 

vaccine against HPV16 and HPV18 for 

cervical cancer prevention (randomised trial) (Kahn 

and Burk 2135 Com), (Paavonen et al 2161); Efficacy 

of quadrivalent prophylactic L1 virus-like-particle 

vaccine (randomised trial) (Joura et al 1693); HPV 

6, 11, 16 and 18 types, efficacy of quadrivalent 

vaccine (randomised trial) (Joura et al 1693); L1 

virus-like-particle vaccine, effect on cervical cancer/ 

precancer prevention (analysis of randomised trials) 

(Markman 1837 Com), (The Future II Study Group 

1861); Vaccine, mandatory in US but resistance 

and backlash to (Udesky 979 WR); Vaccine for 

cervical cancer and precancer prevention (analysis 

of randomised trials) (Markman 1837 Com), 

(The Future II Study Group 1861); Vaccine policy 

(Raffle 367 C); Vaccines reviewed (Kahn and Burk 

2135 Com) 

Human rights Abuse in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and 

disclosures not included with paper (344 E), 

(Horton and Summerskill 355 Com), (370 erratum); 

Abuses in Zimbabwe (Kapp 1987 WR); AIDSrelated 

problems and impact of AIDS on security 

(Csete 720 Com); Arrest of paediatrician (Binayak 

Sen) (Zachariah and Bhattacharji 2155 C); Canadian 

soldiers and doctors under investigation for 

abuses in Afghanistan (Webster 1419 WR); Health 

as (Donaldson and Banatvala 859 PH); World 

leadership on should be Europe not US (Human 

Rights Watch report) (MacDonald 547 WR) 

Human Rights Watch Report on leadership of human 

rights as Europe not US (MacDonald 547 WR) 

Human trafficking As modern day slavery, health 

consequences and need for improved health 

services (800 E) 

Huntington Huntington’s disease pathogenesis 

(Walker 221 S) 

Huntington’s disease (Walker 218 S); Animal models 

(Walker 222 S); Clinical features/differential 

diagnosis/neuropathology/imaging (Walker 218 

S); Genetic testing/diagnosis/epidemiology and 

treatment (Walker 220 S) 

Hydrocephalus Management after subarachnoid 

haemorrhage (van Gijn et al 312 S) 

Hydrochloroquine SLE treatment (D’Cruz et al 593 

S), (Costedoat-Chalumeau et al 1257 C) 

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) Narcolepsy with 

cataplexy treatment (Caputo and Zoli 1080 C) 

Hymen Imperforate, retrograde menstruation due to 

presenting with episodic abdominal pain (Chuang 

and Kan 1890 CP) 

Hyperandrogenic disorders Sexual dysfunction in 

women (Bhasin et al 606 Ser) 


Hypercholesterolaemia Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid 

on coronary events in, and reduction of non-fatal 


Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090); Endogenous lipoid 

pneumonia associated with primary sclerosing 

cholangitis and (Berghaus et al 1140 CR) 

Hyperglycaemia Reduction, acute ischaemic stroke 


Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state Type 2 diabetes 

complication in children/adolescents (Pinhas-Hamiel 

and Zeitler 1823 R) 

Hyperhidrosis Treatment by botulinum toxin injection 

(Sonntag et al 1372 CP) 

Hyperkeratosis Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis 


530 CR) 

Hyperprolactinaemia Sexual dysfunction in (Bhasin 


Hypersensitivity To insulin analogue (detemir) 

(Sola-Gazagnes et al 637 C), (Dejgaard et al 1926 C), 

(Sola-Gazagnes and Larger 1926 C) 

Hypertension Autosomal dominant polycystic 

kidney disease (Torres et al 1292 S); Beneficial 

effect of angiotensin receptor blockade (valsartan) 

on diastolic function (VALIDD randomised trial) 

(Ahmed et al 2053 Com), (Solomon et al 2079); 

Benefits of aggressive treatment regardless of type of 

antihypertensive (Ahmed et al 2053 Com), (Solomon 

et al 2079); Global prevalence, mortality, management 

and report funding by Novartis (1764 E); Ocular 

effects (Wong and Mitchell 425 R), (2078 erratum); 

Phaeochromocytoma crisis triggered by glucagon 

test (Roeters van Lennep et al 798 CR); Potential risk 

factor for ocular disease (Wong and Mitchell 431 R), 

(2078 erratum); Renin-angiotensin system effect/ 

association (Schmieder et al 1210 R); Risk factor for 

ocular disease (Wong and Mitchell 427 R), (2078 

erratum); Risk in living kidney donors (Nguyen et al 

87 Com); Type 2 diabetes complication in children/ 

adolescents (Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1824 R); 

Valsartan addition to conventional treatment of in 

Japan (Jikei Heart Study randomised trial) (Staessen 

and Richart 1407 Com), (Mochizuki et al 1431) 

Hypertensive retinopathy Signs and management 


Hyperthyroidism Sexual dysfunction in (Bhasin et al 

605 Ser) 

Hypocretin In narcolepsy with cataplexy (Dauvilliers 

et al 502 S) 

Hypopituitarism (Schneider et al 1461 S); Cause 

and epidemiology/pathophysiology/diagnosis and 

management (Schneider et al 1461 S) 

Hypotension Spontaneous intracranial, presenting 

with coma and positional headache and treatment by 

fibrin glue of CSF leak (Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Hypothalamic dysfunction Cortisol deficiency 

presenting with weight loss, abdominal symptoms 

and eosinophilia (Schattner and Zornitzki 2214 CR) 

Hypothalamic-pituitary-peripheral function 

Hypopituitarism effect (Schneider et al 1462 S) 

Hypothalamopituitary trauma Sexual dysfunction after 

(Rees et al 514 Ser) 

Hypothermia Effect on ECG changes in 

Brugada syndrome (Tan and Meregalli 78 CR); 

Neuroprotection in acute ischaemic stroke 


Hypothyroidism Sexual dysfunction in (Bhasin et al 

605 Ser), (Burns-Cox 1346 C) 

Hypoxia Effects studied on mountain climbers on 

Mount Everest (Butcher 1921 P) 

I 

ICD-10 Classification of functional somatic syndromes 

(FSS) (Henningsen et al 946 R), (Eytan 1691 C) 

ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal 

Editors) Clinical trial registration evaluation (Laine 

et al 1909 Com) 

ICTUS trial Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, 

outcome of early invasive vs selective invasive 

treatment strategy (trial follow-up) (Stone 801 Com), 

(Hirsch et al 827) 

Iliff P Lifeline article (1511 P) 

Imaging Ankylosing spondylitis (Braun and Sieper 

1382 S); Autopsies by (Burton and Underwood 

1476 R); Huntington’s disease (Walker 220 S); 

Hypopituitarism (Schneider et al 1464 S) See also 

Radiology 

Imatinib mesylate Gastrointestinal stromal tumours 

(Rubin et al 1735 S); Patent rejection in India and 

campaign by Novartis with implications for TRIPS 

(2 E) 

Immediate hypersensitivity To insulin analogue 

(detemir) (Sola-Gazagnes et al 637 C), (Dejgaard et al 

1926 C), (Sola-Gazagnes and Larger 1926 C) 

Immigrants to UK Tuberculosis screening in primary 

care in UK and impact of educational outreach 

programme (randomised trial) (Mant and 


Immune system In inflammatory bowel disease 

(Baumgart and Carding 1633 Ser); Normal health gut 

(Baumgart and Carding 1632 Ser) 

Immunhomoeostasis Of normal health gut and 

comparison with inflammatory bowel disease 


Immunisation Coverage, and health worker number 

as constraining factor (not income) in developing 

countries (Lanata 1238 Com), (Anand and 

Bärnighausen 1277); Trends and global measles 

mortality reduction goal for 2005 achieved (Elliman 

and Bedford 165 Com), (Wolfson et al 191) 

Immunobiology Inflammatory bowel disease 


Immunology Helminth infections, and impact of 

helminth elimination on malaria (Specht and 

Hoerauf 446 Com) 

Immunosuppression Minimisation, clinical update 

(Sayegh and Remuzzi 1676 Com) 

Immunotherapy Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2115 S) 

Implants Orthopaedic see Orthopaedic implants 

Income tax US, tax deduction for health insurance 

(McCarthy 545 WR) 

Incontinence, urinary Stress, autologous myoblasts 

and fibroblasts injection into rhabdosphincter and 

urethra for treatment (randomised trial) (Novara and 


Independent Specialist Treatment Centres (ISTCs) In UK, 

little evidence of improved outcomes (966 E) 

India Arrest of paediatrician (Binayak Sen) and human 

rights activist (Zachariah and Bhattacharji 2155 

C); Clinical research, ethical concerns on trials, 

new guidelines and clinical drug registry (1233 E), 

(Epstein 1859 C); Deaths from diabetes and current 

situation (Gale 461 C), (Hirst 461 C), (Krishnaswami 

461 C); Hospital management for Mumbai train 

blast victims (Deshpande et al 639 C); Imatinib 

mesylate patent rejection and campaign by Novartis 

with implications for TRIPS (2 E); Increased child 

malnutrition despite economic boom (Chatterjee 

1417 WR); MDG-5 and strategies to reduce maternal 

mortality (Paul 558 C); Monovalent oral type 1 

poliovirus vaccine efficacy in preventing polio (Fine 

and Griffiths 1321 Com), (Grassley et al 1356), 

(1790 erratum); Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis 

control (Gopinath et al 741 C), (Aziz et al 742 C); 

Organ trafficking (1901 E); Role of community 

health-workers in child survival improvement and 

large-scale interventions by, Mitanin programme of 

India (Sundararaman 2058 Com), (Haines 2121 R); 

Scientific investment and competitor or collaborator 

with UK for science-based innovation (Shetty 813 

WR), (Singh and Gupta 1688 C); Strong general 

health services needed (Devadasan et al 638 C); 

Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (Francis 1322 

Com); Tuberculosis diagnosis improvement by 

sputum-submission instructions to improve sputum 

quality (randomised trial) (Alisjahbana and van 

Crevel 1908 Com), (Khan et al 1955); Type 2 diabetes 

in rural regions (Abdul 273 C) 

Indian Council of Medical Research Ethical guidelines 

for clinical trials and response to concerns (1233 E), 

(Epstein 1859 C) 

Indian Ocean tsunami see Tsunami 

Indonesia Artemether-lumefantrine vs 

dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for malaria (Morrow 

444 Com), (Ratcliff et al 757); Fixed-dose artemisinin 

combinations for drug-resistant falciparum and vivax 

malaria (randomised trial) (Ratcliff et al 757); Strategy 

to provide affordable influenza H5N1 vaccine (532 E) 

Industrial chemicals Developmental neurotoxicity of 



Industry Historical asbestos consumption linked to 

asbestos-related diseases (ecological study) (Lin et al 

844), (Wagner 973 Com), (Nawrot et al 1692 C) See 

also Pharmaceutical industry 

Infant formulae Marketing and promotional 

concerns, WHO’s responsibility to monitor food 

companies (MacDonald 1773 Com); Risks of use 

and reduced HIV-1 transmission by exclusive 

breastfeeding (Holmes and Savage 1065 Com), 

(Coovadia et al 1107), (Coovadia et al 2073 C), 

(Henderson et al 2073 C), (Silverstein 2073 C), 

(Saloojee 2074 C), (Holmes and Savage 2075 C) 

Infant mortality Perinatal, CEMACH report on rates 

and causes (1492 E) 

Infants Breastfeeding see Breastfeeding; Effectiveness 

of early vitamin A supplementation scheme of 

high-dose vitamin A vs standard WHO protocol 

(randomised trial) (Brabin 2054 Com), (Darboe 

et al 2088); HIV-1 transmission, feeding guideline 

revision needed (Holmes and Savage 1065 Com), 

(Coovadia et al 1107), (Coovadia et al 2073 C), 

(Henderson et al 2073 C), (Silverstein 2073 C), 

(Saloojee 2074 C), (Holmes and Savage 2075 C); 

Pain reduction by breastfeeding and sugar (Shann 

721 Com), (Brovedani et al 1429 C); Preterm see 

Preterm infants; Very low birthweight see Very low 

birthweight infants See also Neonates 

Infectious diseases Crossing national/international 

borders (616 E), (Wu et al 679 PH); Risk factor for 

adverse child development in developing countries 

(Walker et al 150 Ser), (Engle et al 236 Ser) 

Inferior vena cava filter Broken strut in migrated filter 

causing buttock pain (Wiese et al 586 CP) 

Inflammatory bowel disease Cause and 

immunobiology (Baumgart and Carding 1627 

Ser); Clinical features and therapies (established 

and evolving) (Baumgart and Sandborn 1641 Ser); 

Emerging therapies (Baumgart and Sandborn 1651 

Ser); Extraintestinal manifestations (Baumgart and 

Sandborn 1651 Ser); Immune system (Baumgart 

and Carding 1633 Ser); National audit in UK 

(Butcher 1591 WR); Neoplastic complications 

(Baumgart and Sandborn 1653 Ser) 

Infliximab Inflammatory bowel disease treatment 

(Baumgart and Sandborn 1651 Ser) 

Influenza Pandemic and estimation of death 

rates from (Doshi 739 C), (Murray et al 739 C), 

(Alderman 740 C); Pandemic and need for global 

solidarity in preparations for (532 E); Vaccination 

for elderly people and care workers (Jefferson and 

Demicheli 1857 C) 

Influenza H5N1 Pandemic surveillance and 

International Health Regulations impact (1763 E); 

Vaccine development, shortages and Indonesia’s 

strategy to provide affordable vaccine (532 E) 

Inherited metabolic disease Neonatal screening for 

medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 

(Grosse and Dezateux 5 Com), (Wilcken et al 37) 

Innovative technology Licensed by US universities, 

guidelines to protect access and to prevent 

university research restrictions (McCarthy 896 WR) 

Insecticidal bednets Mass distribution needed for 

malaria control (Teklehaimanot et al 2143 Com) 

Institute of Child Health (London) Meeting on child 

development (Grantham-McGregor et al 824 C) 

Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report evaluation 

PEPFAR (1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR) 

Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR) (UK) Future 

of UK hospital services and possible system of large 

specialist centres (Wilkinson 1249 WR) 

Institutional abuse Discrimination and care problems 

for people with learning disabilities (UK) (966 E) 

Insulin Crisis in Iraq owing to distribution problems 

(Mansour and Wanoose 1860 C); Detemir, type I 

and type IV allergy to (Sola-Gazagnes et al 637 C), 

(Dejgaard et al 1926 C), (Sola-Gazagnes and Larger 

1926 C); Inadequacy and deaths of children with 

diabetes (Gale 461 C), (Hirst 461 C), (Krishnaswami 

461 C) 

Integrase inhibitors (HIV-1) Raltegravir (MK-0518), 




Intensive care units Number of children dying in 

and need for improved paediatric palliative care 

(1576 E) 

Intergroup Exemestane Study Breast cancer diseasefree 

survival improved by exemestane after 

tamoxifen treatment (randomised trial) (531 E), 

(Boccardo and Rubagotti 533 Com), (Coombes et al 

559), (906 erratum), (Ferretti et al 1599 C), (Atkins 

1600 C), (Coombes et al 1600 C), (Ueda et al 1600 C) 




Interleukins, antibodies to Inflammatory bowel disease 


International borders Infections crossing and need 

for collaboration between Taiwan and China on HIV 

(616 E), (Wu et al 679 PH) 

International Committee of Medical Journal Editors 

(ICMJE) Clinical trial registration evaluation (Laine 


International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Children and 

adolescents at risk of metabolic syndrome, diagnosis 

(Zimmet et al 2059 Com) 

International HapMap project SNPs catalogued 

(1974 E) 

International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) To come 

into force in June, for notification to WHO of global 

health risks (1763 E) 

International Labour Organization (ILO) Estimates of 

human trafficking and modern day slavery (800 E) 

International Monetary Fund (IMF) Lending by, and 

vote buying in UN Security Council (Woodward 12 

Com), (Court 737 C) 

International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) 

(Maris et al 2109 S) 

International Non-Proprietary Names (INNs) 

Recommended (rINNs), changes to, rationale and 

need to avoid errors and confusion (Mehta and 

Aronson 1326 Com) 

Internet Source of free software required by doctors 

(Magos et al 464 C) 

Intervertebral disc Transplantation for degenerative 

spine disease treatment (Skalli and Dubousset 968 

Com), (Ruan et al 993) 

Intestinal inflammation Strongyloides stercoralis 

infection presenting with (Lashof et al 2050 CR) 

Intracranial aneurysms In autosomal dominant 

polycystic kidney disease (Torres et al 1294 S); 

Screening for (van Gijn et al 315 S); Subarachnoid 

haemorrhage pathophysiology (van Gijn et al 306 S), 

(Batra and Rajeev 903 C), (Kreitschmann-Andermahr 

and Schneider 903 C), (Holbrook et al 904 C), (Jolobe 

904 C); Unruptured, management (van Gijn et al 

314 S) 

Intracranial hypotension Spontaneous, presenting with 

coma and positional headache and reversal by fibrin 

glue treatment of CSF leak (Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Intrauterine growth restriction Risk factor for adverse 

child development in developing countries (Walker 

et al 145 Ser), (Moore et al 824 C) 

Intubation Prevention of postextubation laryngeal 

oedema by methylprednisolone (randomised trial) 

(Pearse and Young 1060 Com), (François et al 1083) 

Intuitive prosthetic control Targeted reinnervation for 

enhanced prosthetic arm function after proximal 

amputation (Hochberg and Taylor 345 Com), 

(Kuiken et al 371) 

Inulin-like nerve growth factor I, recombinant 

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis treatment (Mitchell 

and Borasio 2035 S) 

Investments By charitable foundations (Gates 

Foundation) and responsible governance (163 E) 

Investors Responsibility for company behaviour and 

impact on practices/policies (163 E) 

In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) Mild ovarian stimulation with 

favourable rates of livebirths and reduced patient 

discomfort, comparison with standard IVF treatment 

(randomised trial) (Ledger 717 Com), (Heijnen et al 

743), (Craft and Hodgson 1855 C), (Fauser et al 1855 

C), (Gleicher and Barad 1855 C) 

Iodine deficiency Reduction, strategy to reduce loss 

of child developmental potential (Engle et al 230 

Ser); Risk factor for adverse child development in 

developing countries (Walker et al 147 Ser) 

Iodine-starch test, Minor’s To assess hyperhidrosis 

treatment by botulinum toxin injection (Sonntag 


Iran Medical student involvement in research and 

Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC) 

(Shakiba et al 1167 C) 

Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) Blood 

safety, democracy and success (Cheraghali 463 C) 

Iraq Civilian deaths, and damage to public health 

(80 E); Concern over Reed Elsevier (publisher of 

The Lancet ) and commercial involvement in arms 

trade (Editors of The Lancet 989 C), (Ismael 989 

C); Health situation deterioration (1834 E); Insulin 

crisis owing to distribution problems (Mansour and 

Wanoose 1860 C); Mortality (after 2003 invasion) 

estimates (Hsiao-Rei Hicks 101 C), (Jha et al 101 C), 

(von Schreeb et al 101 C), (Dougherty 102 C), (Guha- 

Sapir et al 102 C), (Burnham et al 103 C), (Burkle and 

Greenough 104 C), (LeVine 105 C) 

Iris Patterns and personality traits (Mullan 985 P) 

Iron Fortification of maize flour and effect on 

iron status of children in Kenya (randomised 


Intravenous, for anaemia, clinical update (Auerbach 


Iron deficiency Reduction, strategy to reduce loss 

of child developmental potential (Engle et al 230 

Ser); Reduction by fortification of maize flour with 

sodium iron edetic acid, in Kenya (randomised trial) 

(Greiner 1766 Com), (Andang’o et al 1799); Risk 

factor for adverse child development in developing 

countries (Walker et al 147 Ser) 

Iron deficiency anaemia Intravenous iron for, clinical 

update (Auerbach et al 1502 Com) 

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Clinical features, 

diagnosis and treatment (Spiller 1586 Com); Clinical 

update article (Spiller 1586 Com); Management 


Ischaemic optic neuropathy Hypertension associated 


Ischaemic stroke Acute, established treatments (Khaja 

and Grotta 319 R); Acute, experimental treatments 

(Sacco et al 331 R), (Chaudhuri 1079 C), (Oprisiu et al 

1080 C); Acute, neuroimaging (Khaja and Grotta 

320 R); Diagnosis and management, clinical update 

(Hankey 1330 Com); Enoxaparin vs unfractionated 

heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism 

after (PREVAIL study) (Sherman et al 1347), 

(O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com); Future prospects 

for therapy (Sacco et al 338 R); Neuroprotection, trial 

approaches (Sacco et al 338 R); Pathogenesis and 

ischaemic cascade (Sacco et al 335 R); Prehospital 

care and diagnosis (Khaja and Grotta 319 R); Risk 

prediction using ABCD scores after transient 


283), (Tsivgoulis et al 1082 C); Thrombolysis with 

alteplase, safety and efficacy (SITS-MOST study) 

(247 E), (Albers and Olivot 249 Com), (Wahlgren et al 

275), (826 erratum), (Guptha et al 904 C); Treatment 

targets (Sacco et al 338 R) 

Italian Tamoxifen Anastrozole (ITA) trial Switch 

to anastrozole after tamoxifen in breast cancer 

(Boccardo and Rubagotti 533 Com) 

ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) 

Nuclear fusion energy’s long time-table (Sharp 259 

Com) 

Ivermectin Onchocerciasis control but resistance 

development (Hotez 1979 Com), (Osei-Atweneboana 

et al 2021) 

J 

James B Clinical director at Rotherham and 

improvements after NHS television programme 

(Stein 1150 Com), (Goodman 1927 C) 

Japan 5-year plan to boost clinical research (McCurry 

1333 SR), (Ebihara 2076 C); Aid commitment 

to Africa and health (Yamamoto and Crump 

28 C); Depression, slow approval process for 

drugs (McCurry 1333 SR), (Ebihara 2076 C); Drug 

approval system to be speeded up (McCurry 1333 

SR), (Ebihara 2076 C); Drug safety control and 

profile of Kurokawa T (McCurry 1339 P); Effects 




Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090); Obesity associated with 

low birthweight (Gluckman et al 1081 C), (Harder 

et al 1859 C); Obesity rates, blogs about weight loss 

(McCurry 451 WR), (Gluckman et al 1081 C); Suicides 

leading to warning over prescribing oseltamivir 

to adolescents (1056 E); Valsartan addition to 

conventional treatment in hypertension and 

cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study randomised 

trial) (Staessen and Richart 1407 Com), (Mochizuki 

et al 1431) 

Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) Effects 



coronary events (randomised trial) (Mozaffarian 

1062 Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090) 

Japanese Centenarian Study Factors associated with 

healthy longevity (Strandberg and Pitkälä 1328 

Com), (1860 erratum) 

JBR.10 trial Postoperative chemotherapy in non-smallcell 

lung cancer (Bradbury and Shepherd 1903) 

JELIS (Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study) Effects 




1062 Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090) 

Jet lag (Waterhouse et al 1117 S); Advice for travellers 

(Waterhouse et al 1125 S); Trends and coping 

strategies (Waterhouse et al 1117 S) 

Jikei Heart Study Valsartan addition to conventional 

treatment in hypertension and cardiovascular disease 

in Japan (randomised trial) (Staessen and Richart 

1407 Com), (Mochizuki et al 1431) 

Joint UN Programme for HIV/AIDS see UNAIDS 

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Ravelli and Martini 767 

S); Complementary therapy (Kemper et al 1602 C); 

Epidemiology/clinical features/cause/prognosis and 

management (Ravelli and Martini 767 S), (Kemper 

et al 1602 C) 


K 

Kawasaki’s disease Clinical features, IVIG 

(un)responsiveness and high-risk profiling (Yeung 

85 Com); Clinical phenotype linked to coronary 

outcome (Yeung 85 Com) 

Kayser-Fleischer ring In Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 

400 S) 

Kenya Fortification of maize flour with iron and 

effect on iron status of children (randomised 


HIV/AIDS, delays in provision of audited accounts 

but strict procedures on funding use adhered 

to (Wakabi 17 WR); HIV prevention by male 

circumcision (randomised trial) (615 E), (Newell and 

Bärnighausen 617 Com), (Boseley 635 P), (Bailey et al 

643), (Sawires et al 708 V) 

Kidney Floating (nephroptosis), presenting with renal 



Kidney disease, chronic Anaemia treatment with 

erythropoietin and mortality associated with higher 

haemoglobin levels (meta-analysis) (Strippoli et al 





C); Haemoglobin concentrations and risks of target 

haematocrit (Fernandes et al 365 C) 

Kidney transplantation Living donors and 

hypertension risk in (Nguyen et al 87 Com); Nontransplantable 

kidney with fibromuscular dysplasia 

and inaccurate description (Balzer et al 187 C), 

(Tondolo et al 188 C) 

KIDSCREEN Quality of life in children with cerebral 

palsy (Dammann and O’Shea 2137 Com), (Dickinson 

et al 2171) 

King’s Centre for Military Health Research Wessely S, 

lunch with The Lancet article (Watts 1783 P) 

KIT mutations Gastrointestinal stromal tumour 

(Rubin et al 1732 S) 

Kraepelin E Mood disorders concept (Benazzi 935 S) 

Kritchevsky D Obituary of nutrition scientist and 

campaigner against junk science (Brown 22 O) 

Kurokawa T Profile and drug safety control in Japan 

(McCurry 1339 P) 

L 

Lamotrigine Carbamazepine, gabapentin, 



Com), (Marson et al 1000); Valproate and topiramate 

effectiveness comparisons in generalised and 

unclassifiable epilepsy (SANAD randomised trial) 

(French 970 Com), (Marson et al 1016) 

The Lancet Adolescent health series (Kleinert 1057 

Com), (Resnick and Bowes 1058 Com), (Shribman 

1788 C); Call for essays on Global Forum for Health 

Research meeting theme (Ramsay 809 Com); Call 

for fiction on aspect of medical science of health 

(short story competition) (Pini and Osmond 450 

Com), (1430 erratum); Call for papers on cardiology 

(Spencer 1416 Com); Call for papers on common 

cancers (Turner and Collingridge 356 Com); Call 

for papers on COPD (Kleinert 889 Com); Call for 

papers on dermatology for special issue (Godsland

725 Com); Call for papers on gastroenterology 

(Summerskill 260 Com); Call for papers on health in 

Latin America (McCarthy and Clark 1675 Com); Call 

for papers on HIV/AIDS for special issue (James 

et al 628 Com); Call for papers on maternal and child 

undernutrition (Black et al 725 Com); Call for papers 

on “Women Deliver: investing in maternal health” 

(Horton and Starrs 1067 Com); Clinical updates to be 

published (McNamee 725 Com); Conflicts of interest, 

model language for disclosures of researcher’s 

financial and personal interests and author of human 

rights abuse paper (344 E); Health statistics series 

(Boerma and Abou-Zahr 718 Com); Human rights 

abuse in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and disclosures not 

included with original paper, clarification (344 E), 

(Horton and Summerskill 355 Com), (370 erratum); 

Paper of the Year 2006 (Butcher 91 Com); Promotion 

of research in resource-poor countries by (Gupta 

273 C); Reed Elsevier’s (publishers) commercial 

involvement in promotion/sale of arms and concern 

by physicians (Birch 987 C), (Campbell et al 987 C), 

(Pelly and Gilmore 987 C), (Hall 988 C), (Quizphe 

et al 988 C), (Smith et al 988 C), (Editors of The Lancet 

989 C), (Ismael 989 C); Series on childhood 

development (Jolly 8 Com); Ten Most Wanted articles 

see under Perspectives; Thanks to peer reviewers 

(Kleinert 809 Com) 

Language War terminology used in medical journals 

(von Elm and Diener 274 C) 

Laryngeal oedema Postextubation, prevention by 

methylprednisolone (randomised trial) (Pearse and 


Lateral epicondylitis Treatment (van Tulder et al 1818 S) 

Latin America Abortion views and policies (Replogle 

15 WR); The Lancet’s call for papers on health in 

(McCarthy and Clark 1675 Com); Surplus specialists 

but shortages of primary care providers and 

community-health workers (Fraser 179 WR) 

Lauterbur P C Obituary of co-developer of MRI 


Learning disabilities Discrimination and care problems 

in UK (966 E) 

Left ventricular ejection-fraction (LVEF) Improvement 

after stem cell therapy in myocardial infarction 

(Arnesen et al 2142 Com) 

Left ventricular hypertrophy Renin-angiotensin system 

aggravation of and effects of blockade (Schmieder 

et al 1210 R) 

Legal aspects Autopsies (Burton and Underwood 

1473 R) 

Le Galès-Camus C WHO Assistant Director-General 


Legal issues Fetal alcohol syndrome and rights of fetus 

(Mukherjee et al 1149 Com), (Caan 1789 C) 

Leprosy Elimination progress, history in Europe and 

archaeological evidence of timing of disappearance 


Lesotho Progress and experiences reported at HIV/ 

AIDS conference (Berlin) (Loewenberg 358 WR) 

Lethal injections Execution by, procedural deficiencies 

and impossible to “fix” (Koniaris et al 352 Com) 

Letrozole STELLAR trial on chemoprevention of breast 

cancer not to be funded by NCI (2134 E) 

Leucocytoclastic vasculitis Gastrointestinal, presenting 

with life-threatening haemorrhage (Uzoigwe et al 

1054 CR), (Di Comite and Rossi 1786 C), (Uzoigwe 

et al 1787 C) 

Leukaemia Acute lymphoblastic see Acute 

lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) ; Acute myeloid see 

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) 

Levinsky R J Obituary of immunologist and gene 

therapy trialist (Brown 268 O) 

Levodopa Melanoma risk and weakness of case reports 

(Zanetti and Rosso 257 Com) 

Libya Attempt to trade lives of medics with agent in 

UK prison (Duke 261 WR) 

Life experiences Medicalisation of see Medicalisation 

Lifestyle Healthy, cholesterol reduction in coronary 

heart disease and metabolic syndrome (Treating to 





Wainwright 1787 C); Inflammatory bowel disease 

pathogenesis (Baumgart and Carding 1630 Ser); 

Interventions to prevent diabetes and effect of 

smoking on (Koga et al 365 C), (Lindström et al 

365 C) 

Lipase inhibitor Orlistat see Orlistat 

Lipid(s) Endogenous lipoid pneumonia pathogenesis 

in primary sclerosing cholangitis (Berghaus et al 

1140 CR) See also Cholesterol 

Lipid lowering In coronary heart disease and metabolic 

syndrome (Treating to New Targets study) (Goldstein 

25 C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 25 C), (Caputo and 

Bernardi 26 C), (Deedwania et al 26 C), (Butler 

and Wainwright 27 C), (Moon et al 640 C), (1168 

erratum), (Butler and Wainwright 1787 C); Guidelines 

(US) and query over evidence base and inaccurate 

assumptions, meta-analysis supporting less statin 

use (Abramson and Wright 168 Com), (McPherson 

and Kavaslar 1078 C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 1078 

C), (Reidenberg 1078 C), (Wright and Abramson 

1079 C) 

Lipodystrophy Medicalisation of HIV treatment and 

clinical encounters on (Patton 706 EF) 

Lipoid pneumonia Endogenous, associated with 

primary sclerosing cholangitis (Berghaus et al 1140 

CR) 

Liposomal amphotericin B Micafungin vs for 



Lithium Bipolar and depressive disorders (Benazzi 

941 S) 

Liver Wilson’s disease pathology (Ala et al 397 S), 

(Harris et al 902 C), (Leggio et al 902 C), (Walshe 

902 C) 

Liver disease Chronic, locally acquired hepatitis E 

(Dalton et al 1260 C); Clinical features of Wilson’s 

disease (Ala et al 399 S); Non-alcoholic fatty, type 

2 diabetes complication in children/adolescents 

(Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1828 R); Polycystic, 

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with 

(Torres et al 1293 S) 

Liver injury Severe acute hepatitis after anastrozole 

treatment (de al Cruz et al 23 C) 

Liver transplantation In Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 

405 S) 

Loefler I J P Obituary of surgeon in Kenya (Kapp 

1596 O) 

Loiasis Onchocerciasis case report suggestive of 

(Sanders and Jaspers 271 C), (Bani-Sadr et al 272 C) 

Long-lasting insecticidal bednets (LLINs) Mass 

distribution needed for malaria control 

(Teklehaimanot et al 2143 Com) 

Lopinavir Costs/sales and Thailand’s negotiations for 

cheap access (Cawthorne et al 974 Com) 

Lorenzo’s oil Obituary of neurologist and 

neurogeneticist (Moser H W) (Brown 458 O) 

Los Angeles Times Questions on Gates Foundation 

investments (163 E) 

Loucq C Lifeline article (2153 P) 

Low back pain Chronic, management (Henningsen et 

al 950 R); Clinical update on (Balagué et al 726 Com) 

Low birthweight Subsequent obesity in Japan and 

(Gluckman et al 1081 C), (Harder et al 1859 C) 

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Reduction in coronary 

heart disease and metabolic syndrome (Treating to 





Wainwright 1787 C) 

Low-glycaemic-index diet Clinical update (Ludwig 

890 Com) 

LU22 trial Preoperative chemotherapy in non-smallcell 

lung cancer (NSCLC) (Bradbury and Shepherd 

1903), (Gilligan et al 1929) 

Luk K Lifeline article (985 P) 

Lumbar puncture Subarachnoid haemorrhage 

diagnosis (van Gijn et al 309 S) 

Lung cancer Mortality rates in US (McCarthy 263 WR); 

Swedish snus link not found (Foulds and Kozlowski 

1976 Com), (Luo et al 2015) 

Lung development Effect of traffic-related pollution 

in children (Sandström and Brunekreef 535 Com), 

(Gauderman et al 571) 

Lung injury Acute, definition/diagnosis/ 

histopathology/pathophysiology and treatment 


Lupus CNS, management (D’Cruz et al 591 S) See also 

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 

Lupus nephritis Assessment and management 

(D’Cruz et al 590 S) 

Luteinising hormone (LH) Deficiency, hypopituitarism 

diagnosis (Schneider et al 1465 S) 

Luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) 

agonists Ovarian suppression by, in early breast 

cancer treatment (meta-analysis) (Wilcken and 

Stocker 1668 Com), (LHRH-agonists in Early Breast 

Cancer Overview group 1711) 

Luzenac talc Pleurodesis safety in malignant pleural 

effusion and no association with ARDS (Aelony 1494 

Com), (Janssen et al 1535) 

Lymphangiogenesis Metastasis development and 




M 

Macbeth effect Explanation, examples and biology of 

ethical and moral reasoning (Watts 90 Com) 

Macroalbuminuria Type 2 diabetes complication in 


1824 R) 

Macroaneurysm Retinal, hypertension associated 


Macrolides Effect of azithromycin and clarithromycin 

prescribing on macrolide-resistant commensal oral 

streptococcal flora (randomised trial) (Dancer 442 

Com), (Malhotra-Kumar et al 482) 

Mafubelu D WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

894 WR) 

Magnesium stents, bioabsorbable Temporary 

scaffolding of coronary arteries (non-randomised 

trial) (Ormiston and Webster 1839 Com), (Erbel 

et al 1869) 

Magnesium sulphate In acute ischaemic stroke 

management (Sacco et al 335 R); In pre-eclampsia, 

Magpie Trial long-term follow-up (Farrell and Duley 

13 Com) 

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) CT vs for detection 

of suspected acute stroke (Donnan et al 252 Com), 

(Chalela et al 293), (Vaughan and Mayosi 1168 C), 

(von Kummer and Dzialowski 1341 C), (Ciccone 

et al 1342 C), (Meissner et al 1342 C), (Warach and 

Chelela 1342 C); FMRI of brains whilst viewing 

advertisements, neuromarketing and (Butcher 551 

P); Subarachnoid haemorrhage diagnosis (van Gijn 

et al 310 S) 

Magpie Trial Long-term follow-up of study for 

magnesium sulphate administration in preeclampsia 

(Farrell and Duley 13 Com) 

Maize flour Iron-fortified, efficacy on iron status of 

children in Kenya (randomised trial) (Greiner 1766 

Com), (Andang’o et al 1799) 

Malaria AIDS association, and need for 

mass distribution of insecticidal bednets 

(Teklehaimanot et al 2143 Com); Artemetherlumefantrine 

vs dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine 

in Papua (Indonesia) (Morrow 444 Com); DDT 

recommendation and use but impact on agricultural 

exports (248 E); Drug-resistant falciparum and vivax, 

fixed-dose artemisinin combinations (Indonesia) 

(randomised trial) (Ratcliff et al 757); Helminth 

infection elimination impact (Specht and Hoerauf 

446 Com); Mass distribution of insecticidal bednets 

needed for control (Teklehaimanot et al 2143 

Com); Mother-Offspring Malaria Study (MOMS) 

and ancillary-care needs in observational research 

(Dickert et al 874 V); Obituary of malariologist 

(McGregor, Sir I A) (Brown 1340 O); Uncomplicated 

falciparum, artemether-lumefantrine vs amodiaquine 

with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine vs in Burkina 

Faso (randomised trial) (Morrow 444 Com), (Zongo 

et al 491), (826 erratum); Zinc deficiency and 

effects of zinc supplementation on child mortality 

(community-based randomised trial) (Bhatnagar 

885 Com), (Sazawal et al 927), (Müller et al 2155 C), 

(Black et al 2156 C), (Verhoef 2156 C) See also entries 

beginning Plasmodium 

Malawi Injuries to children from traffic accidents and 

prevention needed (Molyneux 642 C) 

Male circumcision see Circumcision (male) 

Malignant hyperthermia-like syndrome Type 2 

diabetes complication in children/adolescents 


Malignant melanoma see Melanoma, malignant 

Malnutrition Child, increased prevalence in India 

despite economic boom (Chatterjee 1417 WR); Child 

mortality due to (164 E); Ready-to-use therapeutic 

foods, community-based programmes and costs 

(164 E); Severe acute, management in children 

(Kolsteren et al 740 C), (Collins et al 741 C), (1260 

erratum)


Mammography Publication withdrawn and undeclared 

motive for (Gøtzsche et al 1690 C); Screening 

after 40 years of age and decrease in breast cancer 

mortality (Bonneux 737 C), (Gøtzsche 737 C), (Kulaga 

and Karp 738 C), (Moss et al 738 C); Withdrawal of 

(pre)publication paper by European Journal of Cancer 

(EJC) and responses to (Dean 901 C), (Jefferson 901 

C), (Kleinert 901 C) 

Management Of hospitals and NHS, need for 

communication between doctors and management 


Mapella E Profile of adolescent health coordinator in 

Tanzania (Brown 1075 P) 

MAP Foundation Established by artist with cancer 

(Buchan 2154 O) 

Mason E WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

894 WR) 

Maternal fish consumption Beneficial effect on 


study) (Myers and Davidson 537 Com), (Hibbeln 

et al 578), (Tamburlini and Barbone 1166 C), 


Maternal health HIV status, effect on childhood 

pneumonia and response to treatment (Steinhoff 

and Black 1409 Com), (McNally et al 1440); The 

Lancet’s call for papers on “Women Deliver: investing 

in maternal health” (Horton and Starrs 1067 Com); 

Research challenges, priorities (consensus survey), 

emphasis on health systems and funding (Costello 

et al 1240 Com), (Heikens et al 2159 C); Risk factors 

for perinatal mortality (1492 E) 

Maternal mortality Statistics (Horton and Starrs 1067 

Com); Strategies for reducing (Pinel et al 557 C); 

Strategies in India and progress towards MDG-5 

(Paul 558 C) 

Maternal undernutrition The Lancet’s call for papers on 

(Black et al 725 Com) 

MCAD (medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) 

deficiency Neonatal screening for, outcome in 

Australia (Grosse and Dezateux 5 Com), (Wilcken 

et al 37) 

McCann M Child abduction, call for assistance from 

health professionals (MacDonald and Summerskill 

1846 Com) 

McDonald I W Obituary of neurologist (multiple 

sclerosis diagnostic criteria) (Oransky 364 O) 

McGregor, Sir I A Obituary of malariologist (Brown 

1340 O) 

McKenna W Lunch with The Lancet article (Petit- 

Zeman 1253 P) 

Measles 2005 global mortality reduction target 

achieved, and results of political will and effective 

international partnership (Elliman and Bedford 165 

Com), (Wolfson et al 191) 

Mecca Meningococcal vaccine coverage in Hajj 

pilgrims (El Bashir et al 1343 C) 

Mechanical ventilation ARDS and acute lung injury 


Meckel’s diverticulum Profuse rectal bleeding caused 

by (Geier et al 1664 CR) 

MEDAL (Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis 

Long-term) programme Etoricoxib vs diclofenac and 

assessment of upper gastrointestinal safety (Drenth 




Médecins Sans Frontières Annual list of humanitarian 

stories and malnutrition (164 E) 

Mediastinal radiotherapy Coronary heart disease after 

(Bramkamp et al 1762 CR) 

Medical editors ICMJE (International Committee of 

Medical Journal Editors), clinical trial registration 

evaluation (Laine et al 1909 Com); Meeting for 

Council of Science Editors (CSE) anniversary 


Medical education Autopsy role in (Burton and 

Underwood 1478 R); In Bosnia and Herzegovina and 

peace promotion by (Sambunjak and äimunovi∫ 

905 C); CD of heart murmur sounds and podcast 

of surgical techniques (Butcher 1511 P); Graduate, 

funding cuts in US to affect academic medical 

centres (532 E); Medical schools for health-care 

needs of 21st century (Gibbon 2211 V); MMC 

and MTAS, junior doctors’ march in London, 

letter to BMJ, online poll and response of senior 

doctors (Brown et al 967 Com), (Rubin 1341 

C), (Gilmore and Ribeiro 1513 C); Modernising 

Medical Careers (MMC) curriculum, crisis due to 

inadequate planning, job shortfall, review of system, 

demonstrations over “mass medical culling” (879 E); 

Need for teaching about rape and sexual assault, 

correct examination method and evidence gathering 

(1234 E), (Norfolk and White 1996 C) See also Medical 

schools; Medical training 

Medical errors Due to drug name confusion (Mehta 

and Aronson 1326 Com) 

Medical information Patients’ understanding of risk for 

interpreting (Mahajan 1243 Com) 

Medicalisation Definition and essay focus on 

(McLellan 627 Com), (Metzl and Herzig 697 EF); 

Direct-to-consumer advertising and lessons from 

US (Metzel 704 EF); HIV treatment, medical 

subspecialties and reconciliation of information 

by patients (Patton 706 EF); Meaning of medicine, 

medical expertise and practices, ethics and 

relationships (Rose 700 EF); Need for trust and 

respect between doctors and patients and “mending 

through meaning” (Heath and Nessa 886 Com); 

Patient empowerment and dilemmas of (Tomes 698 

EF); Of race, genetic racial differences in diseases, 

racialised drugs and social dimensions (Duster 

702 EF) 

Medical journals Adverse-event rates published in 

clinical trials and differences with rates in databases 

(Mahoney and Sargent 171 Com); Disadvantages of 

English-language journals to non-English speakers 

(as first language) and plagiarism rules (Vessal and 

Habibzadeh 641 C), (Afifi 1428 C); Openness called 

for on animal suffering for research (Weatherall 

1147 Com); Use of language of wars in (von Elm and 

Diener 274 C) 

Medical professionalism Royal College of Physicians’ 

inquiry, description, conclusions and restoration of 

NHS order and the future of doctors (Horton et al 

1405 Com) 

Medical publications Adverse-event rates published in 

clinical trials and differences with rates in databases 

(Mahoney and Sargent 171 Com); Conflicts of interest 

and model language for disclosures of researcher’s 

financial and personal interests (344 E); Developing 

countries, and comparison with developed countries 

(Gupta 273 C); Disadvantages of English-language 

journals to non-English speakers (as first language) 

and plagiarism rules (Vessal and Habibzadeh 

641 C), (Afifi 1428 C); Editors’ meeting for Council of 

Science Editors (CSE) anniversary (Mullan 2153 P); 

Undeclared conflict of interest, human rights abuse 

in Port-au-Prince (Haiti) and disclosures not included 

with original paper, clarification (344 E), (Horton and 

Summerskill 355 Com), (370 erratum); Undeclared 

motives in withdrawing paper and mammography 

screening case (Gøtzsche et al 1690 C); Withdrawal 

of (pre)publication paper by European Journal of 

Cancer (EJC) and responses (Dean 901 C), (Jefferson 

901 C), (Kleinert 901 C) 

Medical research Competition for funding and 

time/energy spent on applications, suggestion of 

unique identifier (Whiteman 449 Com); Developing 

countries, and comparison with developed countries 

(Gupta 273 C); Disclosure of researcher’s financial 

and personal interests and model language for 

(344 E); Promotion in resource-poor countries by 

The Lancet (Gupta 273 C); Public assessment of 

priorities via Citizens’ Jury (Calnan et al 28 C); 

Reforms in China and Chinese Academy of Sciences’ 

plans to prevent misconduct (880 E) See also Clinical 

research; Research 

Medical schools For health-care needs of 21st century 

(Gibbon 2211 V); UK, need for teaching about rape 

and sexual assault, correct examination method and 

evidence gathering (1234 E), (Norfolk and White 

1996 C) See also Medical education 

Medical students Acceptance of abortion in Cameroon 

(Wonkam and Hurst 1999 C); Involvement in 

research and Students’ Scientific Research Center 

(SSRC) in Iran (Shakiba et al 1167 C); Need for 

teaching about rape and sexual assault, correct 

examination method and evidence gathering (1234 

E), (Norfolk and White 1996 C); Residency training 

and reason for reduced numbers in primary-care 

programmes (1055 E) 

Medical tourism To developing countries (MacReady 

1849 WR) 

Medical training MMC and MTAS, junior doctors’ 

march in London, letter to BMJ, online poll and 

response of senior doctors (Brown et al 967 Com), 

(Rubin 1341 C), (Gilmore and Ribeiro 1513 C); MMC 

and MTAS crisis, criticisms of Review Body, national 

changeover date chaos and urgent need to suspend 

MTAS and interviews (Brown et al 1673 Com); 

Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) crisis in UK, 

shortfall of training posts, MTAS selection process 

flawed and review (879 E); Need for more primary 

care providers and community health workers in 

Latin America and Caribbean (Fraser 179 WR); 

Procedural simulation use, importance and benefits 

(Dawson and Gould 1671 Com) See also Medical 

education 

Medical Training Application Service (MTAS) 

Comparison with US system (Gupta 1687 C); Flawed 

process owing to inadequate planning and problems, 

inadequate experience for new consultants and 

review of crisis (879 E); Impact on doctors, personal 

perspective (Brown 1679 SR); Junior doctors’ march 

in London, letter to BMJ, online poll and response 

of senior doctors (Brown et al 967 Com), (Rubin 

1341 C), (Gilmore and Ribeiro 1513 C); Problems, 

independent Review Body, national changeover date, 

Postgraduate Medical Education Training Board 

powerless, urgent need to stop interviews (Brown 


Medicare Drug price negotiation bill introduced by 

Democrats in US (79 E) 

Medicine Consumerism in see Medicalisation 

Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency 

(MRHA) Safety of nanotechnologies but need to reengage 

with development of standards for (1142 E), 

(Ciftcioglu et al 2078 C) 

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) 

deficiency Neonatal screening for, outcome in 

Australia (Grosse and Dezateux 5 Com), (Wilcken 

et al 37) 

Melamine Contamination of food (pet food and 

human food supply), food safety reforms in US 

after (1575 E) 

Melanoma, malignant Increased frequency in 

Parkinson’s disease but weak link with levodopa use 

(Zanetti and Rosso 257 Com) 

Melatonin Jet lag and management (Waterhouse 

et al 1121 S) 

Membrane stabilisers Acute ischaemic stroke 


Men Health inequalities and mortality rates (Braillon 

1428 C); Middle-aged, coronary heart disease risk 

predicted by mean leucocyte telomere length and 

benefits of statin treatment (Spyridopoulos and 

Dimmeler 81 Com), (Brouilette et al 107); Sexual 

dysfunction in endocrine disorders (Bhasin et al 

597 Ser), (Burns-Cox 1346 C); Sexual dysfunction in 

neurological disorders (Rees et al 512 Ser); Young, 

deaths in road traffic accidents (1319 E), (Butler 

et al 2160 C) 

Mencap Discrimination and care problems for people 

with learning disabilities in UK (966 E) 

Meningioma Presenting with softening of head lesion 

and differential diagnosis from plasmocytoma 


Meningitis Epidemic, caused by Neisseria meningitidis 

(Stephens et al 2196 S); Epidemic, epidemiology/ 

transmission/pathophysiology/clinical features/ 

diagnosis and treatment (Stephens et al 2198 S); 

Epidemic, prevention (Stephens et al 2205 S) 

Meningococcaemia Caused by Neisseria meningitidis 

(Stephens et al 2196 S); Epidemiology/transmission/ 

pathophysiology/clinical features/diagnosis and 

treatment (Stephens et al 2198 S); Prevention 

(Stephens et al 2205 S) 

Meningococcal vaccine Coverage in Hajj pilgrims (El 

Bashir et al 1343 C) 

Meningococci Microbiology and epidemiology 


Menopause New treatments for hot flushes, clinical 

update (Stearns 2062 Com); Reduced vaginal 

lubrication and vaginal atrophy (Basson and 

Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser) 

Menstruation Retrograde, imperforate hymen causing 

and presenting with episodic abdominal pain 

(Chuang and Kan 1890 CP) 

Mental disability US girl kept childlike, compassionate 

or violation of human rights? (80 E) 

Mental disorders In puberty and adolescence (Patton 

and Viner 1134 Ser); In young people and mental 

health-care needs (Tonin 1239 Com), (Patel et al 

1302 Ser), (Kakaki et al 2077 C) 


Mental health Development link not appreciated, 

impact of mental health on physical health and 

international development targets (Gureje and 

Jenkins 447 Com) 

Mental health-care Needs of young people (Tonin 

1239 Com), (Patel et al 1302 Ser), (Kakaki et al 

2077 C) 

Mental-health services For young people (Tonin 1239 

Com), (Patel et al 1302 Ser), (Kakaki et al 2077 C) 

Men who have sex with men (MSM) STDs increase, 

serosorting strategy and safe-sex fatigue (1576 E) 

Merck Generic version of efavirenz in Thailand and 

campaign against, implications for TRIPS (2 E) 

Mercury Poisoning from fish, beliefs in US 

(Sandström and Brunekreef 535 Com) 

Merkel A German Chancellor, G8 and EU presidency 

issues (248 E) 

Mesenchymal neoplasm Gastrointestinal stromal 

tumour (Rubin et al 1731 S) 

Mesothelioma Ecological association with historical 

asbestos consumption (Lin et al 844), (Nawrot et al 

1692 C) 

Meta-analysis Anaemia in chronic kidney disease 

treated with erythropoietin and mortality risk with 

upper haemoglobin targets (Strippoli et al 346 

Com), (Phrommintikul et al 381), (Ingelfinger and 

Remuzzi 1515 C), (Regidor and Kalantar-Zadeh 1515 

C), (Drüeke et al 1516 C), (Phrommintikul et al 1516 

C), (Nonoguchi et al 1517 C), (Reinhold et al 1517 

C); Effect of folic acid supplementation on stroke 

prevention (Carlsson 1841 Com), (Wang et al 1876); 

Effect of HPV L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on 

cervical cancer and precancer prevention (Markman 

1837 Com), (The Future II Study Group 1861); Lipid 

lowering guidelines (US) and query over evidence 

base and inaccurate assumptions (Abramson and 

Wright 168 Com), (McPherson and Kavaslar 1078 

C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 1078 C), (Reidenberg 

1078 C), (Wright and Abramson 1079 C); Network, 

antihypertensive drugs association with incident 

diabetes (Elliott and Meyer 201), (Lam and Owen 

1513 C), (Elliott and Meyer 1514 C), (Johnston 1514 

C), (1518 erratum); Ovarian suppression by LHRH 

agonists for early breast cancer treatment (Wilcken 

and Stocker 1668 Com), (LHRH-agonists in Early 

Breast Cancer Overview group 1711); Pre-eclampsia 

prevention and risk reduction by antiplatelet agents 

(Roberts and Catov 1765 Com), (Askie et al 1791); 

Validity of indirect comparisons in (Cipriani et al 

270 C), (Caldwell et al 270 C), (Chou and Fu 271 C) 

Metabolic disease Neonatal screening for mediumchain 

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (Grosse 

and Dezateux 5 Com), (Wilcken et al 37) 

Metabolic syndrome In children and adolescents, 

diagnosis and definition of obesity (Zimmet 

et al 2059 Com); Cholesterol lowering (Treating to 





Wainwright 1787 C); Sexual dysfunction in (Bhasin 


Metal ions Debris from orthopaedic implants, 

mutagenic implications, lack of legal requirements 

on and establishment of National Joint Registry in 

England and Wales (Learmonth and Case 542 Com), 

(Pigatto et al 1168 C) 

Metal-on-metal implants Orthopaedic, metallic debris 

and possible cancer implications (Learmonth and 


Metastases Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis role 

(Eccles and Welch 1744 R); Basic mechanisms and 

control (Eccles and Welch 1742 R); Neuroblastoma 

(Maris et al 2107 S); Recent discoveries and novel 

treatment strategies (Eccles and Welch 1742 R); Site 

selectivity determinants (Eccles and Welch 1746 R) 

Methadone QTc prolongation and (Byrne and 

Stimmel 366 C), (Mehler and Krantz 366 C) 

Methylphenidate Narcolepsy with cataplexy treatment 


Methylprednisolone Postextubation laryngeal oedema 

prevention (randomised trial) (Pearse and Young 

1060 Com), (François et al 1083) 

Mexico DOTS study in tuberculosis, ancillary-care 

needs in observational research study (Dickert et al 

874 V); Health-system reforms and need for strong 

general health services in India (Devadasan et al 

638 C) 

Micafungin Liposomal amphotericin B vs for 



Microalbuminuria Type 2 diabetes complication in 


1824 R) 

Microarray genetic screening Prenatal application 

(Shuster 526 V), (Ghosh and Ghosh 992 C) 

Microarray genetic testing To determine disease-free 

survival in breast cancer approved by FDA (531 E), 

(Thorat 1428 C) 

Microbicides Drug candidates for HIV prevention 

(Balzarini and Van Damme 787 R), (Silverstein 

1429 C); Non-specific, types, for HIV prevention 

(Balzarini and Van Damme 788 R), (Silverstein 1429 

C); Specific for HIV (Balzarini and Van Damme 

790 R), (Silverstein 1429 C); Vaginal, trials stopped 

owing to increased HIV risk (615 E) 

Microfilaricide Ivermectin use in onchocerciasis, 

efficacy and resistance (Hotez 1979 Com), 

(Osei-Atweneboana et al 2021) 

Middle East Lending by World Bank to reward 

countries conforming to US policy (Woodward 12 

Com), (Court 737 C) 

Military exhibitions Reed Elsevier’s decision to 

withdraw from defence sector (1902 E) 

Military personnel Canadian soldiers under 

investigation for human rights abuses in 

Afghanistan (Webster 1419 WR) 

Millennium Development Goals MDG-3 (gender 

equality) progress and status of women’s health 

(715 E); MDG-4 (to reduce child mortality), need 

for development of national plans and additional 

funding (1666 E); MDG-4 and MDG-5, research 

challenges for maternal/child survival, priorities 

(consensus survey), emphasis on health systems 

and funding (Costello et al 1240 Com), (Heikens 

et al 2159 C); Monitoring, health statistics 

supply/demand (Boerma and Stansfield 779 

Ser); Monitoring of progress and health statistics 

(Boerma and Abou-Zahr 718 Com); Multiple 

indicators and need for priority indicators and 

health statistics (Murray 862 Ser); Progress from 

India on MDG-5 (maternal mortality reduction) 

(Paul 558 C); Serious impact of population growth 

estimates and reasons for (Potts and Fotso 354 

Com) 

Million Women Study Ovarian cancer risk increased 

by HRT (Narod 1667 Com), (Million Women Study 

Collaborators 1703) 

Minimally invasive autopsy Indications (Burton and 

Underwood 1475 R) 

Minor’s iodine-starch test To assess hyperhidrosis 

treatment by botulinum toxin injection (Sonntag 


Misconduct, scientific China’s research reforms and 

plans to prevent (880 E) 

Misoprostol Intervals and administration routes for 

termination of early pregnancy (randomised trial) 

(Winikoff and Davis 1904 Com), (von Hertzen et al 

1938) 

Mitanin programme (India) Role of community 

health-workers in child survival improvement and 

large-scale interventions by (Sundararaman 2058 

Com), (Haines 2121 R) 

Mitral valve prolapse In autosomal dominant 

polycystic kidney disease (Torres et al 1294 S) 

MMS/MTAC see Medical Training Application Service 

(MTAS); Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) 

curriculum (UK) 

Modafinil Narcolepsy with cataplexy treatment 


Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) curriculum (UK) 

Crisis due to inadequate planning, job shortfall, 

review of system, demonstrations over “mass 

medical culling” (879 E); Junior doctors’ march in 

London, letter to BMJ, online poll and response 

of senior doctors (Brown et al 967 Com), (Rubin 

1341 C), (Gilmore and Ribeiro 1513 C); MMC 

and MTAS crisis, criticisms of Review Body, 

national changeover date chaos and urgent need to 

suspend MTAS and interviews (Brown et al 1673 

Com); Number of applicants, jobs and possibly 

unemployed (Nicholl 1687 C) 

Monkeys Controversy over use of animals in research 

(Weatherall 1147 Com) 

Monoamine-reuptake inhibitor Sibutramine see 

Sibutramine 

Mood disorders Continuum of (spectrum concept) 

(Benazzi 940 S); DSM-IV_TR classification (Benazzi 

936 S); Kraepelin’s concept (Benazzi 935 S) 

Moral reasoning Scientific analysis and Macbeth effect 

(Watts 90 Com) 

Morphine In palliative care, survival not reduced by 

incremental dose-titration and need for improved 

effective use (Sykes 1325 Com); Prescribing for pain 

relief, concerns over, need for effective use and US 

National Hospice Outcomes Project (Sykes 1325 

Com) 

Mortality Child see Child mortality ; Global, from 

measles, 2005 target achieved (Elliman and Bedford 

165 Com), (Wolfson et al 191); Impact of environment 

on health and number of preventable deaths (2052 

E); Maternal see Maternal mortality; Perinatal/infant, 

CEMACH report on rates and causes (1492 E); 

Premature, due to hazardous (non-beverage) alcohol 

consumption (Rehm and Gmel 1975 Com), (Leon 

et al 2001); Women, from sexual/reproductive illhealth 

(715 E) See also individual infections/diseases 

Moser H W Obituary of neurologist and neurogeneticist 

(Lorenzo’s oil trial) (Brown 458 O) 

Mosquitos Biological control of dengue virus vectors 

(Venning 641 C); Mass distribution of insecticidal 

bednets needed for malaria control (Teklehaimanot 


Mother-Offspring Malaria Study (MOMS) Ancillary-care 

needs in observational research (Dickert et al 874 V) 

Motor neuron disease see Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 

Motor vehicles Accidents see Road traffic accidents 

; Effect of pollution from on lung development in 

children (Sandström and Brunekreef 535 Com), 


Mountain climbers Effects of hypoxia studied on 

Mount Everest (Butcher 1921 P) 

Mouth-to-mouth ventilation Barrier to resuscitation by 

bystanders but benefits of chest compressions only 

and need for new guidelines for cardiac arrest (Ewy 

882 Com), (SOS-KANTO study group 920), (Koster 

et al 1924 C), (Svensson et al 1924 C), (Hugli et al 

1925 C), (Nagao et al 1925 C), (Perkins et al 1926 C) 

MRC LU22/NVALT2/EORTC 08012 trial Preoperative 

chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 

(Bradbury and Shepherd 1903), (Gilligan et al 1929) 

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Control in India 

(Gopinath et al 741 C), (Aziz et al 742 C); DOTS study 

in Mexico, ancillary-care needs in observational 

research study (Dickert et al 874 V); As threat to 

tuberculosis control and WHO’s Stop TB Strategy 

(965 E) 

Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Longterm 

(MEDAL) programme Etoricoxib vs diclofenac 


(Drenth and Verheugt 439 Com), (Laine et al 465), 

(Parashar 1343 C), (Guslandi 1344 C), (Laine et al 

1344 C), (Drenth et al 1345 C) 

Multi-organ failure Phaeochromocytoma crisis 

triggered by glucagon test presenting with (Roeters 

van Lennep et al 798 CR) 

Multiple Birth and Single Embryo Transfer (MBSET) group 

Number of embryos transferred after IVF (Ledger 

717 Com) 

Multiple sclerosis Sexual dysfunction in (Rees et al 

520 Ser) 

Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) Narcolepsy with 

cataplexy diagnosis (Dauvilliers et al 501 S) 

Multiple system atrophy Sexual dysfunction and (Rees 


Murder Of patients by Polish paramedics and jail 

sentence (Holt 548 WR) 

Musculoskeletal disorders In puberty and adolescence 


Muslims Meningococcal vaccine coverage in Hajj 

pilgrims (El Bashir et al 1343 C); Travel restrictions 

for US conferences and claims of discrimination 

(438 E), (Khan 463 C) 

Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis UK cluster and 

evidence for person-to-person transmission (Thoen 

and LoBue 1236 Com), (Evans et al 1270), (Collinson 

et al 2076 C) 

Myoblasts Autologous, injection into rhabdosphincter 

and urethra for treatment of stress urinary 

incontinence (randomised trial) (Novara and 


Myocardial infarction Endpoints in studies (Lapostolle 

et al 1430 C); n-3 fatty acids after and GISSI- 

Prevenzione trial (106 erratum); NEJM systematic 




review suggesting rosiglitazone link, concerns and 

RECORD study (1834 E), (Krall 1995 C), (Nabel 

et al 2077 C); In sickle cell disease due to blood 

cell aggregation and despite normal coronary 

angiography (Pavlö et al 246 CR); ST-elevation see STelevation 

myocardial infarction ; Stem cell therapy for 

(Arnesen et al 2142 Com) 

N 

Nakatani H WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

894 WR) 

Nanomedicine Developments but risks of 

nanotechnologies (1142 E), (Ciftcioglu et al 2078 C) 

Nanoparticles and nanomaterials Risk to human health 

(1142 E), (Ciftcioglu et al 2078 C) 

Nanotechnology Human health risks (1142 E), 

(Ciftcioglu et al 2078 C) 

Narcolepsy Canine model (Dauvilliers et al 502 S) 

Narcolepsy with cataplexy (Dauvilliers et al 499 S); 

Epidemiology/clinical features/diagnosis/differential 

diagnosis (Dauvilliers et al 499 S); Genetics/ 

pathophysiology and management (Dauvilliers et al 

502 S), (Caputo and Zoli 1080 C), (Plazzi et al 1081 C) 

Nasogastric tube Blocked by Ascaris lumbricoides (Dhir 

and Kumar 1460 CP) 

NATCH trial Preoperative vs postoperative 

chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer 

(Bradbury and Shepherd 1903) 

National Cancer Institute (NCI) Adverse-event rates 

and comparison with rates published in journals 

for clinical trials (Mahoney and Sargent 171 Com); 

Budget cut and implications (531 E); STELLAR trial 

of chemoprevention of breast cancer not to be funded 

by, reasons and concerns over NCI review process 

(2134 E) 

National Cord Blood Inventory Established in US 

(437 E) 

National Health Service (NHS) Blair’s government legacy, 

review of 10 years (Brown 1679 SR); Gastroenterology 

neglected by and need for more attention (Butcher 

1591 WR); Global Health Partnerships report and 

benefits of overseas work (Pelly 1498 Com); Need for 

subsidisation of dental care (Jain et al 639 C); NHS 

Framework to support international development, 

Lord Crisp’s report (Pelly 1498 Com); NHS Toolkit, 

weakness and failures (Pelly 1498 Com); PPRS 

and drug price reforms recommended by Office of 

Fair Trading (Webb and Walker 1415 Com); Quasiprivatisation 

by Independent Specialist Treatment 

Centres (ISTCs) but little evidence of improved 

outcomes (966 E); Royal College of Physicians’ 

inquiry into medical professionalism, conclusions 

and involvement of health professionals in policy 

(Horton et al 1405 Com); TV series by Gerry Robinson 

on problems of, need for communication, inefficiency 

of hospitals, arrogance of surgeons and skills learnt 

(Stein 1150 Com), (Goodman 1927 C); Unresponsive 

to umbilical cord blood banking initiative (437 E), 

(Templeton and Braude 1077 C) 

National Hospice Outcomes Project (US) Opioid use and 

no difference on survival with dose (Sykes 1325 Com) 

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 

Criticisms over access to cancer drugs by in-depth 

report in Annals of Oncology (1665 E); Smoking 

cessation and interventions for (1491 E) 

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) 

Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centres and 

translational research strategy for UK (Lord and 

Trembath 1771 Com) 

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director given 

greater control over budget under new US law 

(Bristol 629 WR); Scientists urging Congress to boost 

funding (McCarthy 1071 WR); Stroke Scale (Khaja 

and Grotta 321 R) 

National Joint Registry in England and Wales 

Establishment, benefits and cancer implications 

of metallic debris from orthopaedic implants 

(Learmonth and Case 542 Com), (Pigatto et al 1168 C) 

National Neuroscience Institute (NNI) (Singapore) 

Allegations of ethical breaches in neurogenetic 



rules (Shorvon 1835 Com) 

National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) 

Comparison with UK’s MTAS (Gupta 1687 C); 

Results for 2007 and number of students for each 

specialty (1055 E) 

National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project 

(NSABP) STELLAR trial of chemoprevention of breast 

cancer not to be funded by NCI (2134 E) 

Natural history model Immunisation trends and global 

measles mortality reduction goal for 2005 achieved 

(Elliman and Bedford 165 Com), (Wolfson et al 191) 

Nazism Previous attempts to impose control over 

doctors’ duties in Germany and Nazi policies (Hyde 

95 WR) 

Neck pain Repetitive strain injury, treatment 


Necrotising enterocolitis Prevention by probiotics 




Needle autopsy Indication (Burton and Underwood 

1475 R) 

Needle-exchange programmes In China (Wu et al 

681 PH) 

Neglected diseases Podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial 

elephantiasis) (Davey and Newport 888 Com); 

Progress in tropical incidence reduction, WHO 

Health Report and new Department and need for 

integration of activities (Norris 369 C); WHO’s 

Global Partners’ Meeting on Neglected Tropical 

Diseases, commitments, partnerships and political 

advocacy (1404 E) 

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Drug-resistant, spread in US 


Neisseria meningitidis Epidemic meningitis and 

meningococcaemia due to (Stephens et al 2196 S); 

Microbiology and epidemiology (Stephens et al 2196 

S); Transmission and carriage/susceptibility to and 

infection process (Stephens et al 2199 S); Vaccines 


Neonatal care Research priority (consensus survey) for 

improving child survival (Costello et al 1240 Com), 

(Heikens et al 2159 C) 

Neonates Screening for cystic fibrosis and evidence 

supporting (Wilcken and Gaskin 1146 Com), (Sims 

et al 1187); Screening for inherited metabolic disease 

(medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency) 

(Grosse and Dezateux 5 Com), (Wilcken et al 37) See 

also Infants 

Nephritis Lupus, assessment and management 

(D’Cruz et al 590 S) 

Nephropathy Type 2 diabetes complication in children/ 

adolescents (Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1824 R) 

Nephroptosis (floating kidney) Presenting with renal 



Nerve growth factors Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 

treatment (Mitchell and Borasio 2035 S) 

Nerve transfers Targeted reinnervation for enhanced 

prosthetic arm function after proximal amputation 

(Hochberg and Taylor 345 Com), (Kuiken et al 371) 

Netherlands Compensation for diethylstilbestrol injury 

(‘t Hoen and Dukes 173 Com), (‘t Hoen and Dukes 

1259 C), (van Leeuwen et al 1258 C) 

Network meta-analysis Antihypertensive drugs 

association with incident diabetes (Elliott and Meyer 

201), (Lam and Owen 1513 C), (Elliott and Meyer 

1514 C), (Johnston 1514 C), (1518 erratum) 

Neural tube defects (NTDs) Prevention and debate over 

folic acid fortification of flour in Europe (Ambramsky 

et al 642 C) 

Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2106 S); Clinical features/ 

diagnosis/clinical assessment/management and 

relapsed disease (Maris et al 2106 S); Molecular 

pathogenesis (Maris et al 2112 S) 

Neurodegenerative diseases Adeno-associated virus 

(AAV)-borne GAD gene therapy for Parkinson’s 

disease, phase I trial (Stoessl 2056 Com), (Kaplitt 

et al 2097) 

Neurodevelopment Maternal fish consumption 

with beneficial effects in children (ALSPAC study) 


(Tamburlini and Barbone 1166 C), (Senanayake 1167 

C) 

Neurofibromatosis Type I, gastrointestinal stromal 

tumours in (Rubin et al 1734 S) 

Neuroimaging Acute stroke management (Khaja and 

Grotta 320 R) 

Neurological disease Dementia incidence in UK, 

undertreatment of diseases and urgent need 

for community care resources (800 E); Sexual 

dysfunction in (Rees et al 512 Ser); In Wilson’s 

disease (Ala et al 400 S) 

Neuromarketing FMRI images of brains whilst 

watching adverts and implications (Butcher 551 P) 

Neuropathology Huntington’s disease (Walker 219 S) 

Neuropathy Autonomic see Autonomic neuropathy 

; Type 2 diabetes complications in children/ 


Neuroprotection Acute ischaemic stroke management 

(Sacco et al 335 R); Pluripotential, acute ischaemic 

stroke management (Sacco et al 337 R); Stroke trial 

approaches (Sacco et al 338 R) 

Neuropsychiatric behaviour Abnormal, oseltamivir 

possibly linked and warning over prescribing to 

adolescents (1056 E) 

Neuropsychiatric disease In Wilson’s disease (Ala 

et al 400 S) 

Neurosarcoidosis Gait instability and vestibular 

dysfunction in (Agari et al 878 CR) 

Neurostimulation therapy Occipital, cluster headache 

treatment (Ambrosini 1063 Com), (Burns et al 1099) 

Neurosyphilis White-matter demyelination, dementia 

and (558 erratum) 

Neurotoxicity Developmental, of industrial chemicals 



Neurotransmitters Neuroprotective, in acute ischaemic 

stroke management (Sacco et al 335 R) 

Neurotrophin pathways Neuroblastoma pathogenesis 


Newborn infants see Neonates 

New Drug Class 

Drug treatments for obesity (orlistat, sibutramine 

and rimonabant) (Padwal and Majumdar 71) 

New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Systematic 

review of rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction link 


NHS Framework To support international development, 

Lord Crisp’s report (Pelly 1498 Com) 

NHS Toolkit Weakness and failures (Pelly 1498 Com) 

Nicaragua Removal of legal loophole for abortions 

endangering women’s lives (Replogle 15 WR) 

NICE see National Institute for Health and Clinical 

Excellence (NICE) 

NOD proteins Signalling pathways, inflammatory 

bowel disease pathogenesis (Baumgart and Carding 

1629 Ser) 

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) 

HAART with protease inhibitor vs and indirect metaanalysis 

(Cipriani et al 270 C), (Caldwell et al 270 C), 

(Chou and Fu 271 C) 

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Preoperative 

chemotherapy and surgery (LU22/NVALT2/EORTC 

08012 randomised trial) (Bradbury and Shepherd 

1903), (Gilligan et al 1929) 

Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome Early 

invasive vs selective invasive treatment strategy 


et al 827) 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 

Ankylosing spondylitis treatment (Braun and 

Sieper 1385 S); COX-2 inhibitor (and PPI) for 

prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients 

at high risk (randomised trial) (Scheiman and 

Fendrick 1580 Com), (Chan et al 1621); Diclofenac 

vs etoricoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) and assessment of 

upper gastrointestinal safety (MEDAL) (Drenth and 

Verheugt 439 Com), (Laine et al 465), (Parashar 1343 

C), (Guslandi 1344 C), (Laine et al 1344 C), (Drenth 

et al 1345 C); Small bowel injury associated (Leung 

et al 614 CR), (Thiefin 1690 C), (Leung et al 1691 C) 

Non-ulcer dyspepsia Management (Henningsen et al 

950 R) 

Nordström A WHO Assistant Director-General 


Novartis Campaign to undermine TRIPS over Indian 

decision on imatinib mesylate (2 E); Report on 

hypertension funded by (1764 E); Tropical Disease 

Research Institute (Singapore) (Norris 369 C) 

NSTE-ACE see Non-ST-elevation acute coronary 

syndrome 

Nuclear fusion Energy from and long time-table for 



Nurses Shortages in Zimbabwe (Kapp 1987 WR) 

Nutrition Maternal fish consumption with beneficial 

effect on neurodevelopmental outcome in children 

(ALSPAC study) (Sandström and Brunekreef 535 

Com); Medicalisation of HIV treatment and HIV 

care/endocrinology information reconciliation 

(Patton 706 EF); Risk factor for adverse child 


145 Ser), (Moore et al 824 C); Strategy to reduce loss 

of child developmental potential (Engle et al 230 Ser) 

See also Diet 

O 

Obesity Definition, in children and adolescents 

(Zimmet et al 2059 Com); Drug treatments (orlistat, 

sibutramine and rimonabant) (Padwal and Majumdar 

71 NDC), (Bjarnason and Blicher 1163 C), (Couzigou 

1163 C), (Finer 1163 C), (Padwal and Majumdar 1164 

C); Prevalence in Japan and blogs about weight loss 

(McCurry 451 WR), (Gluckman et al 1081 C), (Harder 

et al 1859 C); Puberty and adolescence (Patton and 

Viner 1135 Ser); Public-health interventions and 

extrapolation to eating disorders (1142 E), (Barr Taylor 

et al 1928 C); Rimonabant in obese patients with type 

2 diabetes (Lambert et al 553 C), (Roberfroid 553 

C), (Shapiro and Singer 553 C), (Scheen et al 554 C), 

(Randall et al 555 C) 

Obituary 

Alexander G R (Oransky 1994) 

Austrian R (Pincock 1512) 

Bates D V (Oransky 184) 

Butler N R (Watts 1254) 

Bwayo J J (Kapp 736) 

Clarke P (Pincock 1076) 

Corner B D (Watts 986) 

Dvorak J A (Masterson 900) 

Hillier J (Oransky 1162) 

Hoffenberg Sir R (Watts 1854) 

Kritchevsky D (Brown 22) 

Lauterbur P C (Oransky 1686) 

Levinsky R J (Brown 268) 

Loefler I J P (Kapp 1596) 

McDonald W I (Oransky 364) 

McGregor Sir I A (Brown 1340) 

Moser H W (Brown 458) 

Petrone M A (Buchan 2154) 

Plant A J (Pincock 1784) 

Pritchard J (Brown 552) 

Scott O (Brown 2072) 

Sharp B L (Kapp 1922) 

Smith J A (Pincock 100) 

Spielman A (Oransky 636) 

Thal L J (Oransky 1424) 

Wynne L C (Oransky 820) 

Observational research Ancillary-care responsibilities 

and needs (Dickert et al 874 V) 

Observational studies Of clinical services for acute 

stroke management (Rothwell 254 Com), (Candelise 

et al 299), (Micieli et al 1255 C), (Sterzi et al 1255 C), 

(Sacco and Carolei 1255 C) 

Occipital nerve stimulation Intractable cluster headache 

treatment (Ambrosini 1063 Com), (Burns et al 1099) 

Ocular disease Hypertension as potential risk 

factor (Wong and Mitchell 431 R), (2078 erratum); 

Hypertension as risk factor (Wong and Mitchell 427 

R), (2078 erratum) 

Ocular features In hypertension (Wong and Mitchell 

425 R), (2078 erratum); In Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 

400 S) 

Oesophageal cancer Squamous cell, presenting with 



Oesophagitis Eosinophilic, presenting with recurrent 

dysphagia (Basavaraju et al 1814 CP) 

Oesophagus Spontaneous intramural haematoma, 



Oestrogen deficiency Reduced vaginal lubrication 

and (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser); Sexual 

dysfunction in women (Bhasin et al 607 Ser) 

Oestrogen replacement Ovarian cancer risk associated 

(Narod 1667 Com), (Million Women Study 

Collaborators 1703) 

Office of Fair Trading (OFT) (UK) Pharmaceutical 

Price Regulatory Scheme (PPRS) to be reformed, 

recommendations (Webb and Walker 1415 Com) 

Oligoarthritis In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Ravelli 

and Martini 769 S) 

Omega-3 fatty acids After myocardial infarction and 

GISSI-Prevenzione trial (106 erratum) 

Onchocerca volvulus Prevalence and intensity of 

infection, ivermectin efficacy in Ghana (Hotez 1979 

Com), (Osei-Atweneboana et al 2021) 

Onchocerciasis Case report suggestive of loiasis vs 

(Sanders and Jaspers 271 C), (Bani-Sadr et al 272 

C); Prevalence, and control using ivermectin but 

ivermectin resistance development (Hotez 1979 

Com), (Osei-Atweneboana et al 2021); Reduction in 

Africa, profile of Amazigo U (Brown 1853 P) 

Oncology The Lancet’s call for papers on common 

cancers (Turner and Collingridge 356 Com) 

Opiophobia Morphine prescribing concerns, survival 

not reduced by and need for effective use (Sykes 1325 

Com) 

Oral cancer Swedish snus link not found (Foulds and 

Kozlowski 1976 Com), (Luo et al 2015) 

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) Benefits in developing 

countries, statistics (Jolly 8 Com) 

Orexin (hypocretin) In narcolepsy with cataplexy 


Organophosphorus poisoning High-dose pralidoxime for 

(Bawaskar and Joshi 1425 C), (Goel et al 1425 C), (Peter 

et al 1425 C), (Abroug 1426 C), (Joshi and Kalantri 1426 

C), (Pawar 1427 C) 

Organ trafficking China’s new regulations to reduce 

trade (Watts 1917 WR); Prevention by EU and WHO 

initiatives (1901 E) 

Orgasm Disorders and dysfunction (Basson and 


Orlistat Costs-benefits and adverse effects (Padwal 

and Majumdar 71 NDC), (Bjarnason and Blicher 1163 

C), (Couzigou 1163 C), (Finer 1163 C), (Padwal and 

Majumdar 1164 C); Obesity treatment (Padwal and 

Majumdar 71 NDC), (Bjarnason and Blicher 1163 


Majumdar 1164 C); Pharmacology, efficacy and adverse 

effects (Padwal and Majumdar 72 NDC) 

Orthopaedic implants Metallic debris from, implications 

on cancer risks, lack of legal requirements and 

establishment of National Joint Registry in England 

and Wales (Learmonth and Case 542 Com), (Pigatto 

et al 1168 C) 

Oseltamivir Warning over prescribing to adolescents 

after suicides in Japan (1056 E) 

Oslo Ministerial Declaration Global health as pressing 

foreign policy issue (Ministers of Foreign Affairs of 

Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, Senegal, South 

Africa and Thailand 1373 HP), (Kvåle 2158 C), 

(Thomas 2159 C) 

Osteoarthritis Cardiovascular safety and outcomes of 

COX-2 inhibitors (Jick et al 555 C), (Cannon et al 

556 C) 

Osteoporosis Compliance with therapy as major 

problem (826 erratum) 

Outcomes Patient-reported see Patient-reported 

outcomes (PROs) 

Ovarian cancer Early symptoms and diagnosis, 

consensus statement (2051 E); Mortality and 

prevalence in US (2051 E); Risk increased by HRT in 

Million Women Study (Narod 1667 Com), (Million 

Women Study Collaborators 1703); Screening tools 

(2051 E) 

Ovarian stimulation Mild, in IVF vs standard IVF, 

favourable outcomes (randomised trial) (Ledger 717 

Com), (Heijnen et al 743), (Craft and Hodgson 1855 C), 

(Fauser et al 1855 C), (Gleicher and Barad 1855 C) 

Ovarian suppression By LHRH agonists for early breast 

cancer treatment in premenopausal women (metaanalysis) 

(Wilcken and Stocker 1668 Com), (LHRHagonists 

in Early Breast Cancer Overview group 1711) 

Oxcarbazepine Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine 

or topiramate comparisons for partial epilepsy 

(SANAD randomised trial) (French 970 Com), 

(Marson et al 1000) 

Oxfam Report on G8’s slow progress and promises to 

Africa (1833 E) 

Oxygen For ARDS and acute lung injury (Wheeler 

and Bernard 1556 R) 



P 

Paclitaxel-eluting coronary stents Early and late 

thrombosis and predictors of (Urban and 

De Benedetti 619 Com), (Daemen et al 667), 

(Carlsson and Eriksson 1785 C), (Daemen et al 1785 

C), (Rajasekhar and Bhala 1785 C) 

Paediatrician Arrest of Binayak Sen (Zachariah and 

Bhattacharji 2155 C) 

Pain Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 

(Torres et al 1292 S); Growing, in puberty and 

adolescence (Patton and Viner 1135 Ser); In puberty 

and adolescence (Patton and Viner 1135 Ser); 

Quality of life in children with cerebral palsy and 

(Dammann and O’Shea 2137 Com), (Dickinson et al 

2171); Reduction in infants, by breastfeeding and 

sucrose (Shann 721 Com), (Brovedani et al 1429 C) 

Pain relief Morphine prescribing concerns, survival 

not reduced by incremental dose-titration and 

need for improved effective use (Sykes 1325 Com); 

Postoperative analgesia, clinical update (Myles 


(Maxwell and Bateman 2000 C) 

Pakistan Organ trafficking (1901 E) 

Palestinian region Hospital crisis in Gaza Strip after 

fighting between Hamas movement and Fatah 

faction (Devi 2147 WR) 

Palliative care Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Mitchell 

and Borasio 2035 S); Morphine prescribing concerns 

but need to improve effective use (Sykes 1325 Com); 

Paediatric, need for improvements and choice of 

location for patients (1576 E) 

Pancolitis Strongyloides stercoralis infection presenting 

with (Lashof et al 2050 CR) 

Pancreatic cancer Risk associated with Swedish snus 

(Foulds and Kozlowski 1976 Com), (Luo et al 2015) 

Papua (Indonesia) Artemether-lumefantrine vs 

dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for malaria 

(Morrow 444 Com), (Ratcliff et al 757) 

Paracetamol Safety of recommended doses (Ahmad 

462 C), (Mhaoláin et al 1346 C) 

Paramedics Polish, jailed for murdering patients (Holt 

548 WR) 

Parenting Risk factor for adverse child development in 

developing countries (Walker et al 152 Ser); Strategy 

to reduce loss of child developmental potential 

(Engle et al 233 Ser) 

Parkinson’s disease Adeno-associated virus (AAV)borne 

GAD gene therapy, phase I trial (Stoessl 2056 

Com), (Kaplitt et al 2097); Increased melanoma 

frequency and negative association with smoking 

(Zanetti and Rosso 257 Com); Sexual dysfunction and 

(Rees et al 518 Ser) 

Patient-centered medical home Proposal in US and 

costs to providers (1055 E) 

Patient errors Types, consequences and promotion 

of patient safety (Buetow and Elwyn 158 V), (Smith 

823 C) 

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) Concepts for 

instruments for (Revicki 540 Com); FDA draft 

guidance and EMEA’s reflection paper (Revicki 540 

Com) 

Patients Blair’s government legacy for NHS (Brown 

1679 WR); Empowerment and dilemmas of 

medicalisation (Tomes 698 EF); Reconciling of 

differing information from medical subspecialties 

and medicalisation (Patton 706 EF); Respect and 

trust for doctors, minimisation of subjectivity 

of doctors and patients and loss of therapeutic 

capacity of doctors (Heath and Nessa 886 Com); 

Understanding of risk and interpretation of medical 

information (Mahajan 1243 Com) 

Patient safety Types of patient errors and safety 

promotion (Buetow and Elwyn 158 V), (Smith 823 C) 

PDGFRA mutations Gastrointestinal stromal tumour 

(Rubin et al 1732 S) 

Peer review Term Breech Trial and continuing debate 

(Bewley and Shennan 906 C) 

Pelvic imaging CT scan of BAT sign (Braiteh et al 

217 CP) 

Pelvic organ prolapse (Jelovsek et al 1027 S), 

(Gunasekera et al 1789 C); Epidemiology/cause and 

risk factors/pathophysiology/clinical features and 

management (Jelovsek et al 1027 S), (Gunasekera 

et al 1789 C) 

Pelvic pain Chronic, management (Henningsen et al 

950 R)


Penicillamine Wilson’s disease treatment (Ala et al 

403 S) 

Pentaminidine Contraindication in suspected 

sulphonamide hypersensitivity in pneumocystis 

pneumonia as error in official book (Leclercq et al 

369 C) 

PEPFAR Evaluation in Institute of Medicine report, 

funding and criticisms over budge allocations against 

HIV/AIDS (1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Long-term 

sustainable programme development for HIV/AIDS 

control (1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Profile of 

Coordinator (Dybul M) (Das 1161 P) 

Peptic ulcer Bleeding, COX-2 inhibitor with PPI for 

prevention of (randomised trial) (Scheiman and 

Fendrick 1580 Com), (Chan et al 1621) 

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Bivalirudin 

vs heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIa inhibitors in 

moderate-/high-risk acute coronary syndrome 

(ACUITY trial) (Waksman 881 Com), (Stone et al 

907); Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, 

early invasive vs selective invasive treatment strategy 


et al 827); In specialty hospitals but controversy over 

benefits (966 E) 

Perimenopause New treatments for hot flushes, 


Perimesencephalic haemorrhage, non-aneurysmal 

Intracranial, subarachnoid haemorrhage 

pathophysiology (van Gijn et al 307 S) 

Perinatal mortality rates Confidential Enquiry into 

Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) report and 

causes of stillbirths (1492 E) 

Perindopril Amlodipine with for cardiovascular disease 

prevention (ASCOT-BPLA trial) (Costantino et al 

185 C), (Gaziano et al 186) 

Perioperative fluid management Clinical update (Jacob 


Peripheral neuropathy Sexual dysfunction in (Rees 


Personalised medicine For Asians, definition of Asian 

(Po 1770 Com) 

Personality traits Eye colour and iris patterns linked to 


Perspectives 

Bad Dreaming: Aboriginal Men’s Violence 

Against Women and Children (book review) 

(Nowra/de Costa 1594) 

Before Flying Back to The Earth (film) (Nightingale 

456) 

Best of the Brain From Scientific American: Mind, 

Matter, and Tomorrow’s Brain (book review) 

(Bloom/Rose 1919) 

Better: A Surgeon’s Notes on Performance (book 

review) (Gawande/Williams 2069) 

Birth: A History (book review) (Cassidy/Kitzinger 

817) 

Birth Crisis (book review) (Kitzinger/Churchill 550) 

Blanche and Marie (correspondence on book review) 


Blind Faith: the Unholy Alliance of Religion and 

Medicine (book review) (Sloan/Churchill 1509) 

Cancer Vixen (book review) (Acocella Marchetto/ 

Shetty 1683) 

Cartoonists Take Up Smoking (exhibition) (Bristol 

550) 

Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health 

(book review) (Thambirajah/James 1251) 

Cell of Cells: the Global Race to Capture and Control 

the Stem Cell (book review) (Fox/Harding 1338) 

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Developmental 

Approach (book review) (Turk et al/James 1251) 

Children Remembered: Responses to Untimely 

Death in the Past (book review) (Woods/Rousseau 

897) 

Coming to Life: How Genes Drive Development 

(book review) (Nüsslein-Volhard/Harding 98) 

Digging Up the Dead: Uncovering the Life and 

Times of an Extraordinary Surgeon (book review) 

(Burch/Bell 1510) 

Don’t Leave Me This Way: Or When I Get Back on 

My Feet You’ll Be Sorry (book review) (Garrison/ 

Klein 265) 

False Hope: Bone Marrow Transplantation for Breast 

Cancer (book review) (Rettig et al/Raizman 2152) 

Final Exam: A Young Surgeon’s Reflections on 

Mortality (book review) (Chen/Williams 2069) 

Healing Invisible Wounds: Paths to Hope and 

Recovery in a Violent World (book review) (Mollica/ 

Palumbo 734) 

Hospice and Palliative Care in Africa: A Review 

of Developments and Challenges (book review) 

(Wright and Clark/Mwangi-Powell 97) 

How To Live Forever or Die Trying: On the New 

Immortality (book review) (Appleyard/Shetty 1422) 

Identity and Violent: The Illusion of Destiny (book 

review) (Sen/Grayling 19) 

Integrated Care for the Complex Medically Ill (book 

review) (Huyse and Stiefel/Wessely 181) 

Lifeline: Iliff P 1511 

Lifeline: Loucq C 2153 

Lifeline: Luk K 985 

Lifeline: Woodcock J 551 

Lunch with The Lancet: Burnham G (Bristol 99) 

Lunch with The Lancet: Close W (Oransky 457) 

Lunch with The Lancet: Cohn J (Oransky 1921) 

Lunch with The Lancet: McKenna W (Petit-Zeman 

1253) 

Lunch with The Lancet: Toubia N (Shetty 819) 

Lunch with The Lancet: Wessely S (Watts 1783) 

Mortality Amongst Illicit Drug Users: Epidemiology, 

Causes and Intervention (book review) (Darke 

et al/Drucker 898) 

On Reflection: 50 years of Council of Science Editors 

(CSE) (Mullan 2153) 

On Reflection: eye colour and iris patterns linked to 

personality traits (Mullan 985) 

On Reflection: fMRI images whilst watching adverts, 

neuromarketing (Butcher 551) 

On Reflection: high altitude research on effects of 

hypoxia on Mount Everest climbers (Butcher 1921) 

On Reflection: practice makes perfect and CD on 

heart murmurs and podcast on surgical techniques 

(Butcher 1511) 

Paranoia (exhibition) (Martin 362) 

Peer Review and Manuscript Management in 

Scientific Journals: Guidelines for Good Practice 

(book review) (Hames/Theobald 2070) 

Penicillin: A Story of Triumph and Tragedy 

(exhibition) (Bynum 1991) 

Penicillin: Triumph and Tragedy (book review) (Bud/ 

Bynum 1991) 

Profile: Amazigo U (onchocerciasis reduction in 

Africa) (Brown 1853) 

Profile: Basson R (normalising women’s sexual 

reality) (Harding 363) 

Profile: Boerma T (health statistics expert) (Shetty 

735) 

Profile: Chan F K L (clinical researcher in Hong 

Kong) (Harris Cheng 1595) 

Profile: Chan M (WHO Director-General) (Brown 

899) 

Profile: Cuzick J (cancer prevention and detection 

research) (Pincock 1685) 

Profile: Dybul M (US Global AIDS Coordinator in 

charge of PEPFAR) (Das 1161) 

Profile: Gebre B (women’s rights campaigner for end 

to female genital mutilation) (Shetty 2071) 

Profile: Gray R (collaboration with Ugandan 

researchers on HIV trials) (Boseley 635) 

Profile: Hall W (health effects of addiction) (Pincock 

1993) 

Profile: Kurokawa T (drug safety control in Japan) 

(McCurry 1339) 

Profile: Mapella E (adolescent health in Tanzania) 

(Brown 1075) 

Profile: Sawyer S (adolescent health specialist) 

(Pincock 1423) 

Profile: Stefánsson K (CEO of deCODE Genetics) 

(Butcher 267) 

Profile: Victora C (leader in child health and 

development) (Boseley 21) 

Profile: Yandarov S (Chechan trauma and 

orthopaedics specialist) (Parfitt 183) 

Psychedelic Horizons (book review) (Roberts/Morris 

98) 

Reuters: The State of the World (book review) 

(Reuters/Davies 20) 

Risky Trade: Infectious Disease in the Era of Global 

Trade (book review) (Kimball/lee 1159) 

Romancing Opiates: Pharmacological Lies and the 

Addiction Bureaucracy (book review) (Dalrymple/ 

Johnson 549) 

Schlaf & Traum (Sleeping & Dreaming) (exhibition) 

(Loewenberg 1781) 

Science Business: the Promise, the Reality, and the 

Future of Biotech (book review) (Pisano/McCarthy 

1851) 

Secrets of Women: Gender, Generation, and the 

Origins of Human Dissection (book review) (Park/ 

Greer 1337) 

Sicko (film) (McLellan 2151) 

Take Off Your Party Dress: When Life’s Too Busy for 

Breast Cancer (book review) (Rabinovitch/Shetty 

1683) 

Taking Liberties Since 1997 (film) (Das 1992) 

Teen Second Life (website) (Butcher 1074) 

Ten Most Wanted articles: December 2006 819 

Ten Most Wanted articles: January 2007 1253 

Ten Most Wanted articles: March 2007 1783 

Ten Most Wanted articles: November 2006 457 

Ten Most Wanted articles: October 2006 99 

The AIDS Pandemic: The Collision of Epidemiology 

with Political Correctness (book review) (Chin/ 

Whiteside 1073) 

The Cigarette Century: the Rise, Fall, and Deadly 

Persistence of the Product that Defined America 

(book review) (Brandt/Gilman 1593) 

The Ghost Map: a Street, an Epidemic and the Two 

Men who Battled to Save Victorian London (book 

review) (Johnson/Barnett 1160) 

The Great Stink of Paris and the Nineteenth-Century 

Struggle Against Filth and Germs (book review) 

(Barnes/Barnett 266) 

The Kiwi’s Egg: Charles Darwin & Natural Selection 

(book review) (Quammen/Mullan 1252) 

The Last King of Scotland (film) (Hartman 182) 

The Last Man Who Knew Everything (book review) 

(Robinson/Weatherall 455) 

The Life of Hunger (book review) (Nothomb/ 

Orbach 733) 

The Making of Modern Medicine (CD) 

(Cunningham/Bynum 818) 

The New NHS: A Guide (book review) (Talbot-Smith 

and Pollock/Ham 634) 

The New Politics of the NHS: From Creation to 

Reinvention (book review) (Klein/Ham 634) 

The Performing Medicine Project (theatre) (Willson 

1782) 

The Power of Pills: Social, Ethical and Legal Issues 

in Drug Development, Marketing and Pricing (book 

review) (Cohen et al/MacDonald 983) 

The Trouble with Medical Journals (book review) 

(Smith/Horton 361) 

The Vanishing Act of Esme Lennox (book review) 

(O’Farrell/Andreasen 633) 

The Year of Magical Thinking (theatre) (Crowley 

1852) 

Tic Talk: Living with Tourette Syndrome: A 0-Year- 

Old Boy’s Story in His Own Words (book review) 

(Godsland 984) 

Vaccine: The Controversial Story of Medicine’s 

Greatest Lifesaver (book review) (Allen/Plotkin 

1421) 

We’ll Never Meet Childhood Again (film) (Burki 

984) 

World Can’t Wait (exhibition) (MacDonald 1920) 

World Fit for Children Festival (website) (Butcher 

1074) 

Pessary use In pelvic organ prolapse (Jelovsek et al 

1033 S) 

Pesticides Suicide from in Asia-Pacific region, focus 



Petrone M A Obituary of artist who explored 

experience of cancer (Buchan 2154 O) 

Pew Charitable Trusts Campaign to tackle drug 

company influence over doctors in US (McCarthy 

730 WR) 

Peyronie’s disease Cause and management (Basson 

and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser) 

Pfizer Collaboration with WHO’s Research and 

Training in Tropical Diseases (Norris 369 C); Job 

losses and criticism over marketing sildenafil for 

sexual performance enhancement (344 E) 

Phaeochromocytoma crisis Triggered by glucagon test 

in diabetes and presenting with multi-organ failure 

(Roeters van Lennep et al 798 CR) 


Pharmaceutical companies Compensation for 

diethylstilbestrol injury in Netherlands and France 

(‘t Hoen and Dukes 173 Com), (‘t Hoen and Dukes 

1259 C), (van Leeuwen et al 1258 C); Drugs in 

pipeline and scientist shortages (79 E); Gates 

Foundation investment questions (163 E); Influence 

on medicalisation see Medicalisation; Influence over 

doctors to be tackled in US, Prescription Project 

(McCarthy 730 WR); Lawsuits against in New York 

State (79 E); Naming systems for drugs (Mehta and 

Aronson 1326 Com) 

Pharmaceutical industry Amount spent lobbying 

Congress and FDA in US (79 E); Concerns over 

effects of Democrat takeover of the House and 

Senate in US (79 E); Direct-to-consumer advertising 

of prescription drugs and US experience (1 E), (Ager 

822 C), (van Lierop 1790 C); FDA seeking increase in 

fees to improve drug safety practices (Zwillich 357 

WR); Japan’s 5-year plan to boost clinical research 

(McCurry 1333 SR), (Ebihara 2076 C); Profitability 

levels in US (79 E); WHO should defend patients’ 

interests not industry, Chan’s address on need to 

negotiate over access of medicines (Cawthorne et al 

974 Com) 

Pharmaceutical Price Regulatory Scheme (PPRS) Office 

of Fair Trading’s recommendation for reforms 

(Webb and Walker 1415 Com) 

Pharmacogenetics Definition of “Asians” and (Po 

1770 Com) 

Phase I drugs Access by terminally ill patients in US 


Phase I trial Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-borne GAD 

gene therapy in Parkinson’s disease (Stoessl 2056 

Com), (Kaplitt et al 2097) 

Phimosis Cause and management (Basson and 


Physical abuse Of children, detection and effective 



Physical disability US girl kept childlike, 

compassionate or violation of human rights? (80 E) 

Physicians Assessment and competence (906 

erratum); Role in 21st century and medicalisation 

issue see Medicalisation See also Doctors 

Pioglitazone Serious heart failure rates associated in 

PROactive trial (Rydén et al 189 C) 

Piperazines 1-Benzylpiperazine poisoning and as drugs 

of abuse, adverse effects (Staack 1411 Com), (Wood 

et al 1490 CR) 

Pituitary dysfunction Cortisol deficiency presenting 

with weight loss, abdominal symptoms and 

eosinophilia (Schattner and Zornitzki 2214 CR) 

PKD1 and PKD2 Autosomal dominant polycystic 

kidney disease (Torres et al 1287 S), (Bergmann and 

Zerres 2157 C) 

Plagiarism Of text, in scientific writing and English for 

non-English-speaking countries/authors (Vessal and 

Habibzadeh 641 C), (Afifi 1428 C) 

Plague (Prentice and Rahalison 1196 S); As 

biological weapon (Prentice and Rahalison 1202 S); 

Epidemiology/taxonomy of Yersinia/pathogenesis/ 

clinical features and diagnosis (Prentice and 

Rahalison 1196 S); Types/management and 

prevention (vaccines) (Prentice and Rahalison 

1201 S) 

Plant A J Obituary of epidemiologist involved in SARS 


Plasmocytoma Presenting with softening of head 

lesion and differential diagnosis from meningioma 


Plasmodium Helminth coinfection, immunology and 

effects of helminth elimination on malaria (Specht 

and Hoerauf 446 Com) 

Plasmodium falciparum Malaria, artemetherlumefantrine 

vs amodiaquine with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine 

vs in Burkina Faso (randomised 


erratum); Malaria, artemether-lumefantrine vs 

dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for drug-resistant 

malaria in Indonesia (randomised trial) (Ratcliff et al 

757) See also Malaria 

Plasmodium vivax Malaria, artemether-lumefantrine 

vs dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for drug-resistant 

malaria in Indonesia (randomised trial) (Ratcliff 

et al 757) 

Pleural effusion Malignant, safety of talc pleurodesis 

with Luzenac and no association with ARDS (Aelony 

1494 Com), (Janssen et al 1535) 

Pleurodesis Talc (using Luzenac) for malignant pleural 

effusion and no association with ARDS (Aelony 1494 


Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (Di Giorgio et al 

766 CP) 

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Cost-effectiveness 

in prevention of child mortality (Sinha et al 389); 

Decline in pneumonia admissions after childhood 

immunisation (time-series analysis) (Levine and 

Cutts 1144 Com), (Grijalva et al 1179); Seven-valent, 

effectiveness (Mahon et al 459 C), (Whitney et al 459 

C), (Beutels and Van Damme 460 C), (O’Brien and 

Levine 460 C) 

Pneumococcal disease Effectiveness of seven-valent 

pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Mahon et al 459 

C), (Whitney et al 459 C), (Beutels and Van Damme 

460 C), (O’Brien and Levine 460 C) 

Pneumocystis pneumonia Pentamidine contraindication 

in suspected sulphonamide hypersensitivity error in 

official book (Leclercq et al 369 C) 

Pneumonia Childhood, effect of age, polymicrobial 

disease and HIV status on treatment response and 

cause, in South Africa (Steinhoff and Black 1409 

Com), (McNally et al 1440); Decline in admissions 

of children after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 

immunisation (time-series analysis) (Levine and 

Cutts 1144 Com), (Grijalva et al 1179); Recurrent 

in young adult, bronchopulmonary sequestration 

causing (Palmowski et al 1318 CR) 

Pneumonic plague (Prentice and Rahalison 1201 S) 

Podcasts, video Of surgical techniques (Butcher 

1511 P) 

Podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis) 

Neglected tropical disease associated with volcanic 

soil (Davey and Newport 888 Com) 

Poisoning 1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP), seizures and 

serious adverse effects due to, use as drugs of 

abuse (Staack 1411 Com), (Wood et al 1490 CR); 

Organophosphorus, high-dose pralidoxime for 

(Bawaskar and Joshi 1425 C), (Goel et al 1425 C), 

(Peter et al 1425 C), (Abroug 1426 C), (Joshi and 

Kalantri 1426 C), (Pawar 1427 C) 

Poland Paramedics jailed for murdering patients (Holt 

548 WR) 

Policymaking Health statistics relationship and 

framework for transition from data to policy 

(AbouZahr et al 1039 Ser); Interpretation of health 

statistics (Walker et al 956 Ser) 

Poliomyelitis Efficacy of monovalent oral type 1 

poliovirus vaccine (Fine and Griffiths 1321 Com), 

(Grassley et al 1356), (1790 erratum); Eradication 

and need for surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis, 

in India (Francis 1322 Com); Eradication vs 

control, economic analysis (Fine and Griffiths 

1321 Com), (Thompson and Duintjer Tebbens 

1363); Global eradication, status, economic analysis 

and implications (Fine and Griffiths 1321 Com), 

(Thompson and Duintjer Tebbens 1363) 

Poliovirus Wild, regions endemic for (Fine and 

Griffiths 1321 Com) 

Pollution Asbestos exposures (historical), ecological 

association with asbestos-related diseases (Lin 

et al 844), (Wagner 973 Com), (Nawrot et al 1692 C); 

Impact on health and number of preventable deaths 

(2052 E); Traffic-related, effect on lung development 



Polyarthritis In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Ravelli 

and Martini 770 S) 

Polycystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant see 


Polycystic liver disease Autosomal dominant polycystic 

kidney disease with (Torres et al 1293 S) 

Polycystic ovarian syndrome In puberty and 

adolescence (Patton and Viner 1135 Ser) 

Population growth Reasons and serious impact on 

Millennium Development Goals (UK report) (Potts 

and Fotso 354 Com) 

Portugal Child abduction case and call for assistance 

from health professionals (MacDonald and 

Summerskill 1846 Com) 

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) For ARDS and 

acute lung injury (Wheeler and Bernard 1556 R); 

Effects, in ARDS and acute lung injury (Wheeler and 

Bernard 1558 R) 

Postextubation laryngeal oedema Prevention by 

methylprednisolone (randomised trial) (Pearse and 


Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board 

(UK) (Rubin 1341 C); Junior doctors’ march in 

London, letter to BMJ, online poll and response of 

senior doctors (Brown et al 967 Com), (Rubin 1341 

C), (Gilmore and Ribeiro 1513 C); Medical training 

reforms and Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) 

(879 E); UK government interference in surgical 

training (Greenhalgh 1928 C) 

Postmenopausal women New treatments for hot 

flushes, clinical update (Stearns 2062 Com); 

Reduced vaginal lubrication and vaginal atrophy 

(Basson and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser) 

Post-mortem examination see Autopsy 

Postnatal care Strategies for adolescents (global 


Postoperative analgesia Clinical update (Myles 


(Maxwell and Bateman 2000 C) 

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Medical and 

political issues (Stein et al 139 R), (Spiegel and 

Vermetten 992 C); Syndrome varieties, social 

construction and narrative approach (Stein et al 

140 R) 

Poudrage, talc Luzenac talc for malignant pleural 

effusion not associated with ARDS (Aelony 1494 


Poverty Poor childhood development associated 

(Jolly 8 Com), (Grantham-McGregor et al 64 

Ser); Reduction in Thailand, child mortality and 

inequalities reduced (using census data) and 

implications for other countries (Bhutta 804 Com), 

(Vapattanawong et al 850) 

Poverty-related outcomes Child mortality and 

inequalities reduced in Thailand (using census data) 

and implications for other countries (Bhutta 804 

Com), (Vapattanawong et al 850) 

POWER 1 and 2 studies Darunavir-ritonavir efficacy and 

safety in HIV-1 infection (MacArthur 1143 Com), 

(Clotet et al 1169) 

Pradhan N WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

895 WR) 

Pralidoxime High-dose, for organophosphorus 

poisoning (Bawaskar and Joshi 1425 C), (Goel et al 

1425 C), (Peter et al 1425 C), (Abroug 1426 C), (Joshi 

and Kalantri 1426 C), (Pawar 1427 C) 

Pre-eclampsia Magnesium sulphate in, Magpie Trial 

long-term follow-up (Farrell and Duley 13 Com); 

Prevention and risk reduction by antiplatelet agents 

(aspirin) (meta-analysis) (Roberts and Catov 1765 

Com), (Askie et al 1791) 

Pregnancy Alcohol consumption, fetal alcohol 

syndrome and legal/ethical issues (Mukherjee et 

al 1149 Com), (Caan 1789 C); Hong Kong to reduce 

influx of pregnant Chinese women (Harris Cheng 

981 WR); Maternal fish consumption with 

beneficial effect on neurodevelopmental outcome 

in children (ALSPAC study) (Myers and Davidson 

537 Com), (Hibbeln et al 578), (Tamburlini and 

Barbone 1166 C), (Senanayake 1167 C); Noninvasive 

prenatal test for fetal aneuploidies based 

on fetal DNA in maternal blood (Benachi and 

Costa 440 Com), (Dhallan et al 474), (Hultén 

1997 C), (Hahn et al 1997 C), (Lo and Chiu 1997 

C), (Dhallan et al 1998 C); Planned, barriers 

against STDs and (Stein and Mantell 367 C); SLE 

in (D’Cruz et al 592 S); Termination, intervals 

and misoprostol administration routes in early 

pregnancy (randomised trial) (Winikoff and Davis 

1904 Com), (von Hertzen et al 1938); Termination, 

ventricular fibrillation during due to amniotic 

fluid embolism (Verroust et al 190 CR); Type 2 

diabetes complications in children/adolescents 

and (Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1829 R); Valproate 

adverse effects (French 970 Com), (Marson et al 

1016); Vulvovaginal candidosis (Sobel 1963 S) 

Prehypertension Definition and management (1764 E) 

Premature infants Necrotising enterocolitis prevention 

by probiotics, safety assessment trials needed 

(systematic review) (Caffarelli and Bernasconi 1578 

Com), (Deshpande et al 1614) See also Preterm 

infants 

Premenstrual syndrome Management (Henningsen 

et al 950 R) 

Prenatal screening Background and disorders 

screened (Shuster 526 V), (Ghosh and Ghosh 992 

C); Microarray genetic screening application and 

implications (Shuster 526 V), (Ghosh and Ghosh 

992 C) 




Prenatal test Non-invasive, for fetal aneuploidies 




Prenatal treatment Of congenital toxoplasmosis, 

effectiveness (SYROCOT (Systematic Review 

on Congenital Toxoplasmosis) Study Group 115), 


Prescribing Doctors should resist prescribing pressure 

for sildenafil for sexual performance enhancement 

(344 E) 

Prescription drugs Subsidised, shortage in Russia 

owing to funding crisis (Parfitt 1779 WR) See also 

Drug(s) 

Prescription Drug User-Fee Act (PDUFA) Consequences 

of faster drug approvals by FDA and FDA reforms 

process (Robbins 1583 Com) 

Prescription Project Campaign to tackle drug company 

influence over doctors in US (McCarthy 730 WR) 

President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) 

Evaluation in Institute of Medicine report, funding 

and criticisms over budge allocations against 

HIV/AIDS (1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Long-term 

sustainable programme development for HIV/AIDS 

control (1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Profile of 

Coordinator (Dybul M) (Das 1161 P) 

Preterm infants Cerebral palsy trends and incidence 

decreased in EU (Hack and Wilson Costello 7 Com), 

(Platt et al 43) 

PREVAIL study Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin 

for prevention of venous thromboembolism after 

acute ischaemic stroke (randomised trial) (Sherman 

et al 1347), (O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com) 

Priapism Cause and management (Basson and 


Primary care Patient-centered medical home proposal 

in US and costs to providers (1055 E); Proposed 

changes to UK hospital services and move towards 

(Wilkinson 1249 WR); Tuberculosis screening 

and educational outreach programme to improve 

screening and BCG vaccination (randomised trial) 

(Mant and Mayon-White 1493 Com), (Griffiths et al 

1528); US, poor pay for primary-care doctors leading 

to reduced number and patient-centered medical 

home proposal (1055 E); Youth-friendly services for 

young people (Tylee et al 1565 Ser) 

Primary care workers Shortages in Latin America and 

Caribbean (Fraser 179 WR) 

Primary sclerosing cholangitis Endogenous lipoid 

pneumonia associated with (Berghaus et al 1140 CR) 

Primates, non-human Controversy over use of animals 

in research (Weatherall 1147 Com) 

Prison Libyan agent in and attempt to trade lives of 

imprisoned medics with (Duke 261 WR) 

Pritchard J Obituary of paediatric oncologist (Brown 

552 O) 

Private health systems World Bank’s new health 

strategy (McCoy 1499 Com) 

PROactive trial Rates of serious heart failure in 

pioglitazone group (Rydén et al 189 C) 

Probiotics Prevention of necrotising enterocolitis 




Procedural simulation Medical training using, reasons 

for increasing importance and benefits (Dawson and 

Gould 1671 Com) 

Professionalism Medical see Medical professionalism 

Professional misconduct Allegations in neurogenetic 



rules (Shorvon 1835 Com) 

Progesterone Ovarian cancer risk associated with 

HRT and possible role (Narod 1667 Com), (Million 

Women Study Collaborators 1703) 

Prostate cancer Robotic prostatectomy for, advantages 

and costs (Rocco and Djavan 723 Com) 

Prostatectomy Robotic, advantages and costs (Rocco 

and Djavan 723 Com) 

Prosthetic limbs Targeted reinnervation for enhanced 



Protease inhibitor Darunavir (ritonavir with) efficacy 

and safety in HIV-1 infection (POWER studies) 

(MacArthur 1143 Com), (Clotet et al 1169); HAART 

with, vs NNRTI and indirect meta-analysis (Cipriani 

et al 270 C), (Caldwell et al 270 C), (Chou and Fu 

271 C) 

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) Co-therapy in assessment 

of upper gastrointestinal safety of etoricoxib (COX- 

2 inhibitor) vs diclofenac (MEDAL) (Drenth and 

Verheugt 439 Com), (Laine et al 465), (Parashar 1343 

C), (Guslandi 1344 C), (Laine et al 1344 C), (Drenth 

et al 1345 C); Recurrent ulcer bleeding prevention by 

COX-2 inhibitor and (randomised trial) (Scheiman 

and Fendrick 1580 Com), (Chan et al 1621) 

Pruritus Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis 


530 CR) 

Psoriatic arthritis Juvenile (Ravelli and Martini 770 S) 

Psychiatric disorders Post-traumatic stress disorder and 

(Stein et al 139 R), (Spiegel and Vermetten 992 C); 

Type 2 diabetes complications in children/adolescents 


Psychoactive drugs of misuse Classification of harm, 

development of rational scale and use for drug policy 

formulation (Hall 972 Com), (Nutt et al 1047 HP), 

(Britton et al 1856 C), (Murphy 1856 C), (Nutt et al 

1857 C) 

Psychological therapy Bipolar and depressive disorders 

(Benazzi 942 S) 

Psychosocial care Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 

(Mitchell and Borasio 2037 S) 

Psychosocial factors After conflicts and link between 

mental health and development (Gureje and Jenkins 

447 Com); Risk factor for adverse child development 

in developing countries (Walker et al 152 Ser) 

Puberty Mentally and physically disabled girl kept 

childlike in US, compassionate or violation of human 

rights? (80 E); Timing, features and relevance for 

health (Patton and Viner 1130 Ser) 

Public Assessment of priorities for research via 

Citizens’ Jury (Calnan et al 28 C); EU Pharmaceutical 

Code transparency implementation (Pimpinella and 

Malgarini 90 Com) 

Public education HIV prevention in China (Wu et al 

685 PH) 

Public health Approach to eating disorders, prevalence 

in children in UK (1142 E), (Barr Taylor et al 1928 C); 

Damage to in Iraq and need for improved health 

care (80 E); Engaging the public in global health 

issues and role of Wellcome Collection (2052 E); 

Fortification of maize flour with iron and effect 

on iron status of children in Kenya (randomised 


Gun violence, firearm numbers in US, gun crime 

reduction strategy and right to health not right to bear 

arms (1403 E); Hazardous (non-beverage) alcohol 

consumption causing premature mortality in Russia 

(Rehm and Gmel 1975 Com), (Leon et al 2001); 

HIV/AIDS in China, numbers and need to focus on 

high-risk areas (Hesketh 621 Com), (Wu et al 679 

PH); HIV/AIDS in Taiwan and in China’s response 

to HIV (616 E), (Wu et al 679 PH); Interventions to 

reduce obesity and application to eating disorders 

(1142 E), (Barr Taylor et al 1928 C); Mental disorders 

in young people and mental health-care needs 

(Tonin 1239 Com), (Patel et al 1302 Ser), (Kakaki 

et al 2077 C); Pesticide self-poisoning (Asia-Pacific 

region), focus on safe-storage boxes but need for new 

policies on pesticide use (Konradsen et al 169 Com); 

Pneumonia admissions decline after pneumococcal 

conjugate vaccine immunisation (time-series 

analysis) (Levine and Cutts 1144 Com), (Grijalva et al 

1179); Snus (smokeless tobacco) impact on (Foulds 

and Kozlowski 1976 Com), (Gartner et al 2010), (Luo 

et al 2015); User fees or equity funds in low-income 

countries? (Brikci and Philips 10 Com) 

Public Health 

China’s response to HIV/AIDS (Wu et al 679) 

Health is global: proposals for a UK Governmentwide 

strategy (Donaldson and Banatvala 857) 

Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis 

in HIV/AIDS in resource-constrained settings 

(Getahun et al 2042) 

Tuberculosis control progress and public-health 

system development in China (Wang et al 691) 

PubMed Number of papers indexed in 2006 (Butcher 

91 Com) 


Q 

QTc prolongation Methadone efficacy-safety paradox 

and (Byrne and Stimmel 366 C), (Mehler and Krantz 

366 C) 

Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) Drug pricing 

reforms based on cost-effectiveness and (UK) (Webb 

and Walker 1415 Com) 

Quality of life Health-related, EMEA’s reflection paper 

on and FDA’s draft guidance on patient-related 

outcomes (Revicki 540 Com); Self-reported, in 

children with cerebral palsy (Dammann and O’Shea 

2137 Com), (Dickinson et al 2171); Systemic lupus 

erythematosus (SLE) (D’Cruz et al 591 S) 

R 

Racial differences Medicalisation and (Duster 702 EF) 

Racial discrimination Travel restrictions for Muslims 

going to conferences in US (438 E), (Khan 463 C) 

Racialisation Of medicine (Duster 702 EF) 

Radiography Ankylosing spondylitis (Braun and 

Sieper 1382 S); Developmental dysplasia of hip 

detection (Dezateux and Rosendahl 1544 S) 

Radiology Developmental dysplasia of hip detection 

(Dezateux and Rosendahl 1544 S); Gastrointestinal 

stromal tumours (Rubin et al 1734 S); Limits, 

impaired gas exchange and need for clinical 

diagnosis (Breidthardt 2030 CP) 

Radionuclides Targeted therapy in neuroblastoma 


Radiotherapy Coronary artery disease after mediastinal 

radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease (Bramkamp et al 

1762 CR); Increased resources required in UK and 

Department of Health strategy (1665 E) 

Raloxifene STELLAR trial on chemoprevention of 

breast cancer not to be funded by NCI (2134 E) 

Raltegravir (MK-0518) HIV-1 integrase inhibitor 




Randomised trials ACUITY trial of bivalirudin vs 

heparin with glycoprotein IIb/IIa inhibitors in 

moderate/high-risk acute coronary syndrome 

patients undergoing PCI (Waksman 881 Com), 

(Stone et al 907); Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 

chemotherapy simplification and little benefit of 

additional pulses of vincristine and dexamethasone 

during continuation therapy (Saha 82 Com), 

(Conter et al 123); Aromatase inhibitors after 

tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer and analysis 

of trials (Boccardo and Rubagotti 533 Com); 

Artemether-lumefantrine vs amodiaquine with 

sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine vs for uncomplicated 

falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso (Morrow 444 

Com), (Zongo et al 491), (826 erratum); Artemetherlumefantrine 

vs dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine 

for drug-resistant malaria in Indonesia (Ratcliff 

et al 757); Autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts vs 

collagen injections for stress urinary incontinence 

(Novara and Artibani 2139 Com), (Strasser et al 2179); 

Azithromycin and clarithromycin prescribing effect 

on macrolide-resistant commensal oral streptococcal 

flora (Dancer 442 Com), (Malhotra-Kumar et al 482); 

Breast cancer disease-free survival improved by 

exemestane after tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup 

Exemestane Study) (531 E), (Boccardo and Rubagotti 


(Ferretti et al 1599 C), (Atkins 1600 C), (Coombes et al 

1600 C), (Ueda et al 1600 C); Educational outreach 

programme to promote tuberculosis screening in 

primary care (Mant and Mayon-White 1493 Com), 

(Griffiths et al 1528); Effectiveness of early vitamin 

A supplementation scheme with high-dose vitamin 

A vs standard WHO protocol (Brabin 2054 Com), 

(Darboe et al 2088); Effect of HPV L1 virus-likeparticle 

vaccine on cervical cancer and precancer 

prevention (analysis of randomised trials) (Markman 

1837 Com), (The Future II Study Group 1861); 

Efficacy of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 quadrivalent L1 

virus-like-particle vaccine (Joura et al 1693); Efficacy 

of L1 HPV virus-like-particle vaccine against HPV 16 

and HPV 18 for cervical cancer prevention (Kahn 

and Burk 2135 Com), (Paavonen et al 2161); FACIT, 

benefits of folic acid supplementation on cognitive 

function in older adults (Morris and Tangney 

166 Com), (Durga et al 208), (Durga et al 1601 C), 

(Reynolds 1601 C), (Umhau 1602 C); Fortification of

maize flour with sodium iron edetic acid in Kenya 

and effect on iron status of children (Greiner 1766 

Com), (Andang’o et al 1799); HERA, follow-up 

of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in 

HER2-positive breast cancer (Hind et al 3 Com), 

(Smith et al 29), (Smith et al 991 C), (Takita et al 991 

C); HIV prevention by male circumcision in Kenya 

and Uganda (615 E), (Newell and Bärnighausen 

617 Com), (Boseley 635 P), (Bailey et al 643), (Gray 

et al 657), (Sawires et al 708 V), (Brewer et al 1597 

C), (Kalichman et al 1597 C), (O’Farrell et al 1597 

C), (Bailey et al 1598 C), (Denniston and Hill 1598 

C); Intervals and misoprostol administration routes 

for termination of early pregnancy (Winikoff and 

Davis 1904 Com), (von Hertzen et al 1938); JELIS, 

effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on coronary events 

in hypercholesterolaemia and reduction of non-fatal 


1062 Com), (Yokoyama et al 1090); MEDAL 

(Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis 

Long-term) programme, etoricoxib vs diclofenac 


(Drenth and Verheugt 439 Com), (Laine et al 465), 

(Parashar 1343 C), (Guslandi 1344 C), (Laine et al 1344 

C), (Drenth et al 1345 C); Micafungin vs liposomal 

amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive 

candidosis (Kuse et al 1519); Mild ovarian stimulation 

for IVF vs standard IVF and favourable outcomes 

(Ledger 717 Com), (Heijnen et al 743), (Craft and 

Hodgson 1855 C), (Fauser et al 1855 C), (Gleicher 

and Barad 1855 C); Preoperative chemotherapy in 

non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (LU22 trial) 

(Bradbury and Shepherd 1903), (Gilligan et al 1929); 

PREVAIL study, enoxaparin vs unfractionated 

heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism 

after acute ischaemic stroke (Sherman et al 1347), 

(O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com); Raltegravir (HIV-1 

integrase inhibitor) safety and efficacy as salvage 

therapy in HIV/AIDS (Cahn and Sued 1235 Com), 

(Grinsztejn et al 1261); Recurrent ulcer bleeding 

prevention by COX-2 inhibitor and PPI (Scheiman 

and Fendrick 1580 Com), (Chan et al 1621); RESOLVE 

trial of activated drotrecogin alfa for children with 

severe sepsis (Opal 803 Com), (Nadel et al 836); 

SANAD, carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, 

topiramate or oxcarbazepine comparisons in partial 

epilepsy (French 970 Com), (Marson et al 1000); 

SANAD, valproate vs lamotrigine vs topiramate in 

generalised and unclassified epilepsy (French 970 

Com), (Marson et al 1016); Tuberculosis diagnosis 

improvement by sputum-submission instructions to 

improve sputum quality (Alisjahbana and van Crevel 

1908 Com), (Khan et al 1955); VALIDD, beneficial 

effect of angiotensin receptor blockade (valsartan) 

on diastolic function in hypertension (Ahmed 

et al 2053 Com), (Solomon et al 2079); Valsartan 

addition to conventional treatment of hypertension 

and cardiovascular disease in Japan (Jikei Heart 


Com), (Mochizuki et al 1431); Zinc supplementation 

effects on child mortality (community-based trial) 

(Bhatnagar 885 Com), (Sazawal et al 927), (Müller 

et al 2155 C), (Black et al 2156 C), (Verhoef 2156 C) 

Rape Comprehensive response in conflict settings 

needed (systematic review) (Jewkes 2140 Com), 

(Spiegel et al 2187); Drug-facilitated, concerns in 

UK and need to teach medical students on correct 

examination method and evidence gathering 

(1234 E), (Norfolk and White 1996 C) 

Ready-to-use therapeutic foods For malnutrition, 

community programmes and costs (164 E) 

Receptor tyrosine kinase Mutations in gastrointestinal 

stromal tumour (Rubin et al 1732 S) 

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) 

Acute ischaemic stroke management (Khaja and 

Grotta 322 R); Combination therapies with, in acute 

ischaemic stroke (Sacco et al 331 R); Complications 

and management of (Khaja and Grotta 324 R), (Sacco 

et al 333 R) 

Recommended International Non-proprietary Names 

(rINNs) Changes to, naming systems, and need to 

avoid errors and confusion (Mehta and Aronson 

1326 Com) 

RECORD trial Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular outcome 


Recreational drugs Piperazines and 1-benzylpiperazine 

(BZP) poisoning causing seizures and collapse 

(Staack 1411 Com), (Wood et al 1490 CR) 

Rectal bleeding Profuse, due to Meckel’s diverticulum 

(Geier et al 1664 CR) 

Reed Elsevier Commercial involvement in promotion/ 

sale of arms and concern by physicians (Birch 987 

C), (Campbell et al 987 C), (Pelly and Gilmore 987 

C), (Hall 988 C), (Quizphe et al 988 C), (Smith et al 

988 C), (Editors of The Lancet 989 C), (Ismael 989 C); 

Withdrawal from defence exhibitions sector (1902 E) 

Refeeding programmes Ready-to-use therapeutic foods 

(164 E) 

Refugees Prevalence of HIV infection and 

comprehensive response to rape needed (systematic 

review) (Jewkes 2140 Com), (Spiegel et al 2187) 

Registry Clinical trials, ICMJE evaluation of policy, 

criteria for registration and progress (Laine et al 

1909 Com) 

Reinnervation Targeted, for enhanced prosthetic arm 

function after proximal amputation (Hochberg and 

Taylor 345 Com), (Kuiken et al 371) 

Remedy UK Doctors lacking confidence in Modernising 

Medical Careers (MMC) and Medical Training 

Application Service (MTAS) (879 E) 

Remuneration Primary-care doctors in US vs other 

specialists (1055 E) 

Renal cell carcinoma Tumour lysis syndrome after 

sunitinib malate treatment (Nicholaou et al 1923 C) 

Renal colic Improved on lying down but induced by 

speed bumps, due to nephroptosis (floating kidney) 


Renal cysts In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney 

disease (Torres et al 1291 S) 

Renal disease, chronic Anaemia treatment with 

erythropoietin and mortality associated with higher 

haemoglobin levels (meta-analysis) (Strippoli et al 



1515 C), (Drüeke et al 1516 C), (Phrommintikul et 

al 1516 C), (Nonoguchi et al 1517 C), (Reinhold et al 

1517 C); Haemoglobin concentrations and risks of 

target haematocrit (Fernandes et al 365 C) 

Renal failure Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney 

disease (Torres et al 1293 S) 

Renal function Abnormalities, in autosomal dominant 

polycystic kidney disease (Torres et al 1291 S) 

Renal transplantation see Kidney transplantation 

Renin-angiotensin system Biology and arterial 

hypertension association (Schmieder et al 1208 R); 

Cardiovascular risk associated and effects of blockade 

(Schmieder et al 1208 R) 

REPAIR-AMI Bone marrow stem cells in myocardial 

infarction (Arnesen et al 2142 Com) 

Repetitive strain injury (RSI) (van Tulder et al 1815 

S); Epidemiology/pathophysiology/diagnosis and 

treatment (van Tulder et al 1815 S) 

Reproductive health Policy and applied interest-group 

analysis (O’Brien et al 368 C) 

Research Competition for funding and time/energy 

spent on applications, suggestion of unique 

identifier (Whiteman 449 Com); Controversy over 

use of animals (Weatherall 1147 Com); Disclosure 

of researcher’s financial and personal interests 

and model language for (344 E); Medical students’ 

involvement in Iran and Students’ Scientific Research 

Center (SSRC) (Shakiba et al 1167 C); Neurogenetic, 

allegations of ethical breaches and Singapore 

Medical Council’s challenge of GMC’s decision and 

implications of GMC’s new rules (Shorvon 1835 

Com); Public assessment of priorities via Citizens’ 

Jury (Calnan et al 28 C); Reforms in China and 

Chinese Academy of Sciences’ plans to prevent 

misconduct (880 E) See also Medical research 

RESOLVE trial Activated drotrecogin alfa for children 

with severe sepsis (randomised trial) (Opal 803 

Com), (Nadel et al 836) 

Resource-poor countries see Developing countries 

Resuscitation Cardiac-only, cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation by bystanders with chest compression 

only and need for new guidelines for cardiac arrest 

(Ewy 882 Com), (SOS-KANTO study group 920), 

(Koster et al 1924 C), (Svensson et al 1924 C), (Hugli 

et al 1925 C), (Nagao et al 1925 C), (Perkins et al 

1926 C) 

Retinal artery occlusion Hypertension associated 


Retinal embolic Hypertension associated (Wong and 

Mitchell 428 R), (2078 erratum) 

Retinal macroaneurysm Hypertension associated 


Retinal vein occlusion Hypertension associated (Wong 

and Mitchell 427 R), (2078 erratum) 

Retinoids Neuroblastoma management (Maris et al 

2115 S) 

Retinopathy Diabetic see Diabetic retinopathy ; 

Hypertensive (Wong and Mitchell 427 R), (2078 

erratum); Type 2 diabetes complication in children/ 


Review 

Acute ischaemic stroke treatments, established 

(Khaja and Grotta 319) 

Acute ischaemic stroke treatments, experimental 

(Sacco et al 331) 

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress 

syndrome (Wheeler and Bernard 1553) 

Autopsy, clinical, educational and epidemiological 

value (Burton and Underwood 1471) 

Community health-workers contribution to 

achievement of child survival goals (Haines et al 

2121) 

Diabetes mellitus type 2 complications in children 

and adolescents (Pinhas-Hamiel and Zeitler 1823) 

Eye in hypertension (Wong and Mitchell 425), (2078 

erratum) 

Functional somatic syndrome management 

(Henningsen et al 946) 

Metastasis, recent discoveries and novel treatment 

strategies (Eccles and Welch 1742) 

Microbicide drug candidates for HIV prevention 

(Balzarini and Van Damme 787) 

Post-traumatic stress disorder, medicine and politics 

(Stein et al 139) 

Renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular risk 

(Schmieder et al 1208) 

Rhabdomyolysis Type 2 diabetes complication in 


1824 R) 

Rhabdosphincter Autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts 

injection for stress urinary incontinence (randomised 

trial) (Novara and Artibani 2139 Com), (Strasser 

et al 2179) 

Rheumatoid arthritis Anti-TNF[G]a[G] treatment and 

fatal disseminated tuberculosis after (Malipeddi et al 

162 CR); Cardiovascular safety and outcomes of COX- 

2 inhibitors (Jick et al 555 C), (Cannon et al 556 C) 

Rheumatoid factors In juvenile idiopathic arthritis 

(Ravelli and Martini 770 S) 

Right to health Obstacles to progress and need for 

application of international policymaking processes 

(438 E) 

Riluzole Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis treatment 

(Mitchell and Borasio 2035 S) 

Rimonabant Obese patients with type 2 diabetes 

(Lambert et al 553 C), (Roberfroid 553 C), (Shapiro 

and Singer 553 C), (Scheen et al 554 C), (Randall et al 

555 C); Obesity treatment (Padwal and Majumdar 

71 NDC), (Bjarnason and Blicher 1163 C), (Couzigou 

1163 C), (Finer 1163 C), (Padwal and Majumdar 

1164 C); Pharmacology, efficacy and adverse effects 

(Padwal and Majumdar 73 NDC) 

Rio-Diabetes Study Group Rimonabant in obese 

patients with type 2 diabetes (Lambert et al 553 

C), (Roberfroid 553 C), (Shapiro and Singer 553 C), 

(Scheen et al 554 C), (Randall et al 555 C) 

Risk Patients’ understanding and interpretation of 

medical information (Mahajan 1243 Com) 

Risky behaviours In adolescents with chronic 


Ritonavir Costs/sales and Thailand’s negotiations for 

cheap access (Cawthorne et al 974 Com); Darunavir 

with, efficacy and safety in HIV-1 infection (POWER 

studies) (MacArthur 1143 Com), (Clotet et al 1169) 

Road safety Need for improvements for young people 

(1319 E), (Butler et al 2160 C) 

Road traffic accidents Alcohol misuse association 

(Caputo and Trevisani 463 C); Deaths in April and 

causes (1319 E), (Butler et al 2160 C); Deaths of 

young people, statistics, causes and innovations 

to reduce (1319 E), (Butler et al 2160 C); Injuries 

to children in Malawi and ruralñurban migration 

changes (Molyneux 642 C) 




Robinson G TV series on NHS problems and strategies 

for improvement (Stein 1150 Com), (Goodman 1927 

C) 

Robotic prostatectomy Advantages and costs (Rocco 

and Djavan 723 Com) 

Roche Pharmaceuticals Support for research/report on 

access to cancer drugs over Europe (1665 E) 

Rockefeller Foundation Public-health academic and 

clinician’s perspective (Jiménez 369 C) 

Romania Access to EU (2 E) 

Rosiglitazone NEJM systematic review suggesting 

myocardial infarction link, concerns and RECORD 

study (1834 E), (Krall 1995 C), (Nabel et al 2077 C) 

Rotavirus vaccines Trials, papers as Papers of the Year 

2006 (Butcher 91 Com) 

Rotherham hospitals Gerry Robinson’s TV series on 

NHS problems and strategies for improvement (Stein 

1150 Com), (Goodman 1927 C) 

Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG) On 

umbilical cord blood banking (437 E), (Templeton and 

Braude 1077 C) 

Royal College of Physicians Inquiry and conclusions on 

medical professionalism and the future of doctors 

(Horton et al 1405 Com); Suggested warning to 

members on potential dangers of posts in Singapore 

after Singapore Medical Council’s challenge of GMC 

decision (Shorvon 1835 Com) 

Royal Colleges Ballot on MMC/MTAS called for 

(Brown et al 967 Com), (Rubin 1341 C); Response on 

Modernising Medical Careers controversy (Gilmore 

and Ribeiro 1513 C) 

Royal Statistical Society (RSS) Risk minimisation in firstin-man 

trials (Hemelaar 1496 Com) 

Russia Criminalisation of drug users and effect on HIV 

programmes (Csete 720 Com); Hazardous alcohol 

drinking and premature mortality (Rehm and Gmel 

1975 Com), (Leon et al 2001); Subsidised prescription 

drug shortage owing to funding crisis (Parfitt 1779 

WR) 

Rwanda HIV/AIDS Implementers’ Meeting (Scaling up 

through partnerships) (1974 E) 

S 

Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke- 

Monitoring Study see SITS-MOST study 

Safe sex strategy Reduction in effectiveness by men 

who have sex with men (MSM) (1576 E) 

SANAD studies Carbamazepine, gabapentin, 

lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine or topiramate 

comparisons for partial epilepsy (randomised trial) 

(French 970 Com), (Marson et al 1000); Valproate, 

lamotrigine and topiramate effectiveness comparisons 

in generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy 

(randomised trial) (French 970 Com), (Marson et al 

1016) 

Sarcoidosis Neurosarcoidosis presenting with gait 

instability and vestibular dysfunction (Agari et al 878 

CR); Whipple’s disease misdiagnosed as (Dzirlo et al 

1832 CR) 

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) China, and 

influence on government to control HIV (Wu et al 684 

PH); Commission report issued in Ontario (Webster 

264 WR); Tuberculosis control in China before and 

after, influence of SARS on (Wang et al 691 PH) 

Save the Children Briefing paper on breaches in Code of 

Marketing Breast Milk Substitutes by food companies 

(MacDonald 1773 Com); State of the World’s Mothers 

report and need to improve child health and survival 

programmes (1666 E) 

Sawyer S Profile of adolescent health specialist 

(Pincock 1423 P) 

SCHIP (State Children’s Health Insurance Program) (US) 

Budget changes, number of uninsured children 

and support for expansion of program to include all 

uninsured children (799 E) 

Science-based innovation Asian countries as 

competitors to UK or collaborators (Shetty 813 WR), 

(Singh and Gupta 1688 C) 

Scientific Knowledge and Public Policy (SKAPP) Meeting 

in US and FDA reforms process and need for slowdown 

for good reforms (Robbins 1583 Com) 

Scientific misconduct China’s research reforms and 

plans to prevent (880 E) 

Scientific writing Rules, disadvantages of using English 

to non-English speaking (as first language) and 

plagiarism (Vessal and Habibzadeh 641 C), (Afifi 

1428 C) 

Scientists Code of ethics, key concepts of “rigour, 

respect and responsibility” (Pang 1068 Com), 

(Holdstock 1789 C); Competition for research 

funding, time/energy spent on applications, 

suggestion of unique identifier (Whiteman 449 

Com); Travel restrictions for Muslims going to US 

conferences (438 E), (Khan 463 C) 

SCN5A mutations In Brugada syndrome presenting 

with ventricular fibrillation and ST segment 

elevation (Tan and Meregalli 78 CR) 

Scott O Obituary of paediatric cardiologist (Brown 

2072 O) 

Screening For aneurysms in relatives of patients with 

subarachnoid haemorrhage (van Gijn et al 315 S); 

For congenital toxoplasmosis and effectiveness 

of prenatal treatment (SYROCOT (Systematic 

Review on Congenital Toxoplasmosis) Study Group 

115), (Martinelli et al 823 C); For cystic fibrosis in 

neonates, economic implications and evidence 

supporting (Wilcken and Gaskin 1146 Com), (Sims 

et al 1187); Developmental dysplasia of hip (Dezateux 

and Rosendahl 1547 S); For hypopituitarism 

(Schneider et al 1467 S); Mammographic see 

Mammography ; Microarray genetic methods, 

prenatal use (Shuster 526 V), (Ghosh and Ghosh 

992 C); Neonatal, for MCAD (medium-chain 

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) deficiency (Grosse and 

Dezateux 5 Com), (Wilcken et al 37); Tuberculosis, in 

primary care and educational intervention to increase 

and promote screening and BCG vaccination 

(randomised trial) (Mant and Mayon-White 1493 

Com), (Griffiths et al 1528); Wilson’s disease (Ala 

et al 402 S) See also Prenatal screening 

Seafood Maternal consumption with beneficial 

effect on neurodevelopmental outcome in children 

(ALSPAC study) (Myers and Davidson 537 Com), 

(Hibbeln et al 578), (Tamburlini and Barbone 1166 

C), (Senanayake 1167 C) 

Security, public Effect of AIDS on (Csete 720 Com) 

Seizures 1-Benzylpiperazine (BZP) poisoning causing 

and use as drug of abuse (Staack 1411 Com), (Wood 

et al 1490 CR) 

Self-management Adolescents with chronic 


Self-poisoning With pesticides in Asia-Pacific region, 

focus on safe-storage boxes but need for new policies 

on pesticide use (Konradsen et al 169 Com) 

Seminar 

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Mitchell and Borasio 

2031) 

Ankylosing spondylitis (Braun and Sieper 1379) 


(Torres et al 1287) 

Bipolar disorder, focus on bipolar II disorder and 

mixed depression (Benazzi 935) 

Dental caries (Selwitz et al 51) 

Developmental dysplasia of hip (Dezateux and 

Rosendahl 1541) 

Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia and 

Neisseria meningitidis (Stephens et al 2196) 

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (Rubin et al 1731) 

Huntington’s disease (Walker 218) 

Hypopituitarism (Schneider et al 1461) 

Jet lag: trends and coping strategies (Waterhouse 

et al 1117) 

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Ravelli and Martini 767) 

Narcolepsy with cataplexy (Dauvilliers et al 499) 

Neuroblastoma (Maris et al 2106) 

Pelvic organ prolapse (Jelovsek et al 1027) 

Physical abuse and neglect of children (Dubowitz 

and Bennett 1891) 

Plague (Prentice and Rahalison 1196) 

Repetitive strain injury (van Tulder et al 1815) 

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (van Gijn et al 306) 

Systemic lupus erythematosus (D’Cruz et al 587) 

Varicella, epidemiology and correction (558 

erratum) 

Vulvovaginal candidosis (Sobel 1961) 

Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 397) 

Sen B Arrest of paediatrician and human rights 

activist in India (Zachariah and Bhattacharji 2155 C) 

Sepsis Childhood, clinical and laboratory characteristics 

(Opal 803 Com), (Nadel et al 836); Severe in children, 

activated drotrecogin alfa for (RESOLVE randomised 

trial) (Opal 803 Com), (Nadel et al 836) 

Septicaemia Meningococcal (Stephens et al 2202 S) 

Serbia Health-care system rebuilt and reformed 


Series 

Adolescent health (Kleinert 1057 Com), (Resnick and 

Bowes 1058 Com), (Shribman 1788 C) 

Adolescent health: chronic conditions, living and 

treatment challenges (Sawyer et al 1481) 

Adolescent health: global perspectives on sexual/ 

reproductive health (Bearinger et al 1220) 

Adolescent health: interventions to reduce harm 

associated with substance abuse (Toumbourou et al 

1391) 

Adolescent health: mental health of young people 

(global public-health challenge) (Patel et al 1302) 

Adolescent health: pubertal transitions in health 

(Patton and Viner 1130) 

Adolescent health: youth-friendly primary-care services 

(Tylee et al 1565) 

Child development in developing countries (Jolly 8 

Com) 

Child development in developing countries: 

developmental potential in first 5 years of life (Jolly 8 

Com), (Grantham-McGregor et al 60) 

Child development in developing countries: risk 

factors for adverse outcomes (Walker et al 145) 

Child development in developing countries: strategies 

to avoid loss of developmental potential (Engle et al 

229) 

Gastroenterology: inflammatory bowel disease, clinical 

features and therapies (Baumgart and Sandborn 

1641) 

Gastroenterology: inflammatory bowel disease cause 

and immunobiology (Baumgart and Carding 1627) 

Health statistics (Boerma and Abou-Zahr 718 Com) 

Health statistics: from data to policy, good practices 

and cautions (AbouZahr et al 1039) 

Health statistics: increased demand, gaps and need 

for complete/timely statistics for decision-making 

(Boerma and Stansfield 779) 

Health statistics: interpretation for policymaking 

(Walker et al 956) 

Health statistics: towards good practice for health 

statistics and lessons from MDG goals (Murray 862) 

Sexual dysfunction (Basson 350 Com) 

Sexual dysfunction: in men and women with 

endocrine disorders (Bhasin et al 597) 

Sexual dysfunction: in men and women with 

neurological disorders (Rees et al 512) 

Sexual dysfunction: sexual sequelae of general medical 

disorders (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 409) 

Serosorting Strategy on choice of sexual partners by 

men who have sex with men (MSM) (1576 E) 

Seton For management of fistula-in-ano and 

immigration problems in US (Clark 370 C) 

Severe acute respiratory syndrome see SARS (severe acute 

respiratory syndrome) 

Sex education programmes Strategies (global 


Sexual and reproductive health Adolescents, global 

perspectives (Bearinger et al 1220 Ser); Of women, 

mortality due to abortion and need for improved 

health (715 E) 

Sexual arousal Disorders of (Basson and Weijmar 

Schultz 412 Ser); Female, disorder (Basson and 


Sexual assault Drug-facilitated in UK, need to teach 

medical students about correct examination and 

evidence gathering (1234 E), (Norfolk and White 

1996 C) 

Sexual behaviour Adolescents (global perspective) 

(Bearinger et al 1221 Ser); Global perspective (274 

erratum), (Beunza 556 C), (Epstein and Halperin 557 

C), (Wellings et al 557 C); Vulvovaginal candidosis risk 

and (Sobel 1964 S) 

Sexual desire Disorders of (Basson and Weijmar 



Sexual dysfunction In chronic illnesses, 

pathophysiology, assessment and management 

(Basson 350 Com), (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 

409 Ser), (Trotta et al 905 C); In endocrine disorders 

(Bhasin et al 597 Ser), (Burns-Cox 1346 C); In 

HIV infection (Trotta et al 905 C); Iatrogenic, 

management (Basson 350 Com); Marker for 

coronary artery disease (Basson 350 Com); In 

neurological disorders (Rees et al 512 Ser) 

Sexual function Women’s, profile of Basson R 

(Harding 363 P) 

Sexuality Neurophysiology and neuroanatomy (Rees 


Sexually transmitted disease (STDs) Adolescents 


Barriers against and issue of planned pregnancy 

(Stein and Mantell 367 C); HPV vaccine may be 

mandatory in US and backlash to plans (Udesky 

979 WR); In men who have sex with men (MSM), 

serosorting strategy and safe-sex fatigue (1576 

E); Prevention, strategies for adolescents (global 

perspectives) (Bearinger et al 1225 Ser); Syphilis in 

adults, clinical update (McNamee 725 Com) 

Sexual motivation Disorders of (Basson and 


Sexual performance Sildenafil marketed for and 

criticisms by FDA (344 E) 

Sexual response Disorders of (Basson and Weijmar 


Sexual torture Comprehensive response in conflict 

settings needed (systematic review) (Jewkes 2140 

Com), (Spiegel et al 2187) 

Sex workers HIV transmission and prevention in 

China (Wu et al 682 PH) 

Sharp B L Obituary of South Africa’s malaria 

researcher (Kapp 1922 O) 

Sheeran J As executive director of World Food 

Programme (WFP) (Loewenberg 2149 WR) 

Shipman H Revisions for death certification proposed 

after murders by (716 E) 

Shock In adrenocortical insufficiency presenting 

with auricular calcification (Fukushima et al 856 

CP) 

Shoulder pain Repetitive strain injury, treatment 


Sibutramine Obesity treatment (Padwal and 

Majumdar 71 NDC), (Bjarnason and Blicher 1163 


Majumdar 1164 C); Pharmacology, efficacy and 

adverse effects (Padwal and Majumdar 72 NDC) 

Sickle cell disease Myocardial infarction due to blood 

cell aggregation and despite normal coronary 

angiography (Pavlö et al 246 CR) 

Signalling pathways In gastrointestinal stromal 

tumours (Rubin et al 1734 S); TLRs and NOD 

proteins and inflammatory bowel disease 

pathogenesis (Baumgart and Carding 1629 Ser) 

Sildenafil Marketed for sexual performance 

enhancement and need for doctors to resist 

prescribing pressure (344 E) 

Simulations Procedural, medical training using, 

reasons for increasing importance and benefits 

(Dawson and Gould 1671 Com) 

Singapore Medical Council (SMC) GMC’s decision 

over ethical breaches in research challenged 

by, implications for GMC’s new rule changes 

for doctors working under foreign jurisdictions 

(Shorvon 1835 Com) 

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Catalogued 

in International HapMap project (1974 E); Noninvasive 

prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies 

based on fetal DNA in maternal blood (Benachi 

and Costa 440 Com), (Dhallan et al 474), (Hultén 

1997 C), (Hahn et al 1997 C), (Lo and Chiu 1997 C), 

(Dhallan et al 1998 C) 

Sirolimus-eluting stents Early and late thrombosis 

and predictors of (Urban and De Benedetti 619 



Bhala 1785 C) 

SITS-MOST study Thrombolysis with alteplase in 

acute ischaemic stroke, safety and efficacy (247 E), 

(Albers and Olivot 249 Com), (Wahlgren et al 275), 

(826 erratum), (Guptha et al 904 C) 

Skin diseases Dyspareunia in men due to (Basson 

and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser) 

Slavery In 2007, human trafficking and need for 

health services for survivors (800 E) 

Sleep disorders Narcolepsy with cataplexy see 

Narcolepsy with cataplexy 

Sleepiness Daytime, excessive, in narcolepsy with 

cataplexy (Dauvilliers et al 499 S), (Caputo and Zoli 

1080 C), (Plazzi et al 1081 C) 

Sleep paralysis In narcolepsy with cataplexy 


Small intestinal ulcers Chronic low-dose aspirin 

therapy associated (Leung et al 614 CR), (Thiefin 

1690 C), (Leung et al 1691 C) 

Smith J A Obituary of Harlem-based haematologist 


Smokeless tobacco (snus) Impact on public health, 

health benefits of switching smokers to and 

pancreatic cancer risk (Foulds and Kozlowski 1976 

Com), (Gartner et al 2010), (Luo et al 2015) 

Smoking Ban on smoking in public places in England 

(2133 E); Bans in UK, cessation and interventions 

(1491 E); Cessation, taxation/image and other 

means to prevent 100 million deaths (Frieden 

and Bloomberg 1758 V); Costs to employers, and 

interventions by employers for smoking cessation 

(1491 E); Effect on lifestyle interventions to prevent 

diabetes (Koga et al 365 C), (Lindström et al 365 C); 

Global prevalence, global target for cessation and 

technical package for tobacco control to reduce 

100 million deaths (Frieden and Bloomberg 1758 

V); Negative association of Parkinson’s disease 

with (Zanetti and Rosso 257 Com); Public smoking 

bans show signs of successes in Europe (Spinney 

1507 WR) See also Tobacco; Tobacco control 

Snus (smokeless tobacco) Adverse effects (Foulds and 

Kozlowski 1976 Com); Health benefits for smokers 

switching to and public health impact (Foulds 

and Kozlowski 1976 Com), (Gartner et al 2010); 

Pancreatic cancer risk but no evidence of oral or 

lung cancer link (Foulds and Kozlowski 1976 Com), 

(Luo et al 2015) 

Social factors Medicalisation and see Medicalisation 

; Risk factor for adverse child development in 

developing countries (Engle et al 236 Ser) 

Social outcomes Adolescents with chronic conditions 

(Sawyer et al 1484 Ser) 

Socioeconomics Ankylosing spondylitis treatments 

(Braun and Sieper 1387 S) 

Sodium iron edetic acid (NaFeEDTA) Fortification of 

cereals in Kenya and effect on iron status of children 

(randomised trial) (Greiner 1766 Com), (Andang’o 

et al 1799) 

Software Free programmes/utilities required by 

doctors (Magos et al 464 C) 

Somatic symptoms In puberty and adolescence 


Sonolysis Acute ischaemic stroke management 


Sonothrombolysis In acute ischaemic stroke 


SOS-KANTO study Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 

by bystanders with chest compression only and 

need for new guidelines for cardiac arrest (Ewy 882 

Com), (SOS-KANTO study group 920), (Koster et al 

1924 C), (Svensson et al 1924 C), (Hugli et al 1925 C), 

(Nagao et al 1925 C), (Perkins et al 1926 C) 

South Africa Effect of age, polymicrobial disease and 

maternal HIV status on childhood pneumonia and 

response to treatment (Steinhoff and Black 1409 

Com), (McNally et al 1440); Male circumcision to 

reduce HIV risk (Newell and Bärnighausen 617 

Com); New 5-year HIV/AIDS plan for prevention 

and treatment (Kapp 1589 WR); Petition for 

UN investigation over US travel restrictions for 

Muslim scientists (438 E), (Khan 463 C); XDR 

(extensively drug-resistant) tuberculosis (Basu 

and Galvani 272 C); XDR (extensively drugresistant) 

tuberculosis spread (Kapp 729 WR); XDR 

(extensively drug-resistant) tuberculosis statistics 

and threat to TB control strategy by WHO (965 E) 

South East Asian Cochrane group Editorial policies for 

publication of trials in India and ethical conduct of 

trials (1233 E), (Epstein 1859 C) 

South Korea Scientific investment and competitor or 

collaborator with UK for science-based innovation 

(Shetty 813 WR), (Singh and Gupta 1688 C) 

Spain Public smoking bans showing signs of success 

(Spinney 1507 WR) 

Specialists Excess numbers in Latin America and 

Caribbean (Fraser 179 WR); Medical schools for 

health-care needs of 21st century (Gibbon 2211 V) 

Special Report 

Health and housing after Indian Ocean tsunami of 

2004 (Harris Cheng 2066) 

Japan’s 5-year plan to boost clinical research 

(McCurry 1333) 

Tsunami preparedness plans and inadequacy of 

(Pincock 2065) 

Tony Blair's legacy for the UK's National Health 

Service (Brown 1679) 

Specialty hospitals Economic advantages, controversy 

and problems in US (966 E) 

Speed bumps Nephroptosis features induced by 


Sperm Sluggish, in hypothyroidism (Burns-Cox 

1346 C) 

Spielman A Obituary of public health entomologist and 

vector-borne disease expert (Oransky 636 O) 

Spinal-cord injury Sexual dysfunction after (Rees et al 

518 Ser) 

Spine Degenerative disease, intervertebral disc 

transplantation for (Skalli and Dubousset 968 Com), 

(Ruan et al 993) 

Spiritual care Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Mitchell 

and Borasio 2037 S) 

Sponsors EU Clinical Trials Directive, follow-up after 

3 years, concerns over costs and bureaucracy (Hoey 

1777 WR) 

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension Presenting with 

coma and positional headache and reversal by fibrin 

glue treatment of CSF leak (Schievink et al 1402 CR); 

Subdural haematoma vs (Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Sputum Quality improved by sputum-submission 

instructions and tuberculosis diagnosis improvement 

(randomised trial) (Alisjahbana and van Crevel 1908 

Com), (Khan et al 1955) 

STARS study Alteplase safety assessment (Albers and 

Olivot 249 Com) 

State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) 

Budget changes, number of uninsured children 

and support for expansion of program to include all 

uninsured children (799 E) 

State of the World’s Mothers Save the Children’s report 

and need for improvements on child health and 

survival (1666 E) 

Statins Coronary heart disease risk predicted by mean 

leucocyte telomere length and benefits of treatment 

with (West of Scotland Primary Prevention Study) 


et al 107); Lipid-lowering guidelines in US and query 

over evidence base and inaccurate assumptions 

(Abramson and Wright 168 Com), (McPherson 

and Kavaslar 1078 C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 1078 

C), (Reidenberg 1078 C), (Wright and Abramson 

1079 C); Neuroprotection in acute ischaemic stroke 


Statistics Health see Health Statistics 

Stefánsson K Profile as CEO of deCODE Genetics 

(Butcher 267 P) 

ST-elevation myocardial infarction Endpoints in studies 

(Lapostolle et al 1430 C); Treatment variations 

and ACUITY trial of bivalirudin vs heparin with 

glycoprotein IIb/IIa inhibitors in moderate/high-risk 

acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing PCI 


STELLAR trial Chemoprevention of breast cancer by 

raloxifene vs letrozole, funding application rejected 

by NCI and reasons (2134 E) 

Stem cells Cancer, in neuroblastoma pathogenesis 

(Maris et al 2113 S); Cancer development and need to 

target tumour stem cells (Eccles and Welch 1751 R); 

Umbilical cord blood, storage by Virgin Health Bank 


Stem cell therapy Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 

(Mitchell and Borasio 2038 S); Myocardial infarction 

(Arnesen et al 2142 Com); Stroke management 

(Chaudhuri 1079 C) 

Stem-cell transplantation Umbilical cord blood 

transplantation outcomes in children with acute 

leukaemia, comparison with bone marrow 






Stenting Colonic, premature closure of Dutch Stentin 

I Colonic Stenting study (Audisio et al 188 C); 

Coronary see Coronary stenting 

Steroids ARDS and acute lung injury (Wheeler and 

Bernard 1559 R); Postextubation laryngeal oedema 

prevention (randomised trial) (Pearse and Young 

1060 Com), (François et al 1083) 

Stillbirths Rates and causes, CEMACH report 

(1492 E) 

Stimulants Narcolepsy with cataplexy treatment 


Stories Short, call for contributions to December 

The Lancet issue (Pini and Osmond 450 Com), (1430 

erratum) 

Streptococci Macrolide-resistant in commensal 

oral flora (randomised trial) (Dancer 442 Com), 

(Malhotra-Kumar et al 482) 

Streptococcus pneumoniae Cost-effectiveness of 

pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in prevention 

of child mortality (Sinha et al 389); Pneumonia 

admissions decline after pneumococcal conjugate 

vaccine immunisation (time-series analysis) (Levine 

and Cutts 1144 Com), (Grijalva et al 1179) See also 

Pneumococcal disease 

Stress incontinence Autologous myoblasts and 

fibroblast injections into rhabdosphincter and 

urethra for regeneration and possible treatment 

(randomised trial) (Novara and Artibani 2139 Com), 

(Strasser et al 2179) 

Stroke Acute, detection with MRI vs CT (Donnan 

et al 252 Com), (Chalela et al 293), (Vaughan and 

Mayosi 1168 C), (von Kummer and Dzialowski 1341 

C), (Ciccone et al 1342 C), (Meissner et al 1342 C), 

(Warach and Chelela 1342 C); Acute, stroke-unit care 

vs ward care and observational study of outcome 

(Rothwell 254 Com), (Candelise et al 299), (Micieli 

et al 1255 C), (Sterzi et al 1255 C), (Sacco and Carolei 

1255 C); Blood pressure control and effects of 

renin-angiotensin system blockade (Schmieder et 

al 1210 R); Diagnosis, clinical update (Hankey 1330 

Com); Gait analysis to assist walking after (Patrick 

and Keenan 256 Com); Ischaemic see Ischaemic 

stroke ; Management, clinical update (Hankey 1330 

Com); Mortality and global mortality reduction 

targets (247 E); PREVAIL study, enoxaparin vs 

unfractionated heparin for prevention of venous 

thromboembolism after acute ischaemic stroke 

(randomised trial) (Sherman et al 1347), (O’Donnell 

and Kearon 1413 Com); Prevention by lowering 

homocysteine and folic acid supplementation 

(meta-analysis) (Carlsson 1841 Com), (Wang et al 

1876); Prevention vs treatment, strategies (247 E); 

Risk prediction using ABCD scores after transient 


283), (Tsivgoulis et al 1082 C); Sexual dysfunction 

after (Rees et al 516 Ser); Treatment in 21st century 

(Chaudhuri 1079 C), (Oprisiu et al 1080 C) See also 

Ischaemic stroke 

Stroke Scale, NIH (Khaja and Grotta 321 R) 

Stroke-unit care Observational comparison with other 

clinical services in acute stroke (Rothwell 254 Com), 

(Candelise et al 299), (Micieli et al 1255 C), (Sterzi 

et al 1255 C), (Sacco and Carolei 1255 C) 

Strongyloidiasis Presentation with acute colitis in 

alcohol-dependent woman (Lashof et al 2050 CR) 

ST-segment elevation Hidden during hypothermia 

in Brugada syndrome (Tan and Meregalli 78 CR); 

Management of non-ST-elevation acute coronary 

syndromes (Stone 801 Com), (Hirsch et al 827) 

Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC) (Iran) 

Medical students’ involvement in research (Shakiba 

et al 1167 C) 

Stunting Poor development in children and 

(Jolly 8 Com), (Grantham-McGregor et al 63 

Ser); Reduction, strategy to reduce loss of child 

developmental potential (Engle et al 230 Ser) 

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (van Gijn et al 306 

S), (Batra and Rajeev 903 C), (Kreitschmann- 

Andermahr and Schneider 903 C), (Holbrook 

et al 904 C), (Jolobe 904 C); Epidemiology/ 

pathophysiology/diagnosis and management/ 

prevention (van Gijn et al 306 S), (Batra and Rajeev 

903 C), (Kreitschmann-Andermahr and Schneider 

903 C), (Holbrook et al 904 C), (Jolobe 904 C) 

Subdural haematoma Haemodialysis complication, 

presenting with facial weakness (Papadakis et al 

714 CR); Spontaneous intracranial hypotension vs 

(Schievink et al 1402 CR) 

Substance misuse Interventions to reduce harm in 

adolescents (Toumbourou et al 1391 Ser), (Souza and 

de Leon 2157 C), (Röggla and Moser 2158 C); Puberty 

and adolescence (Patton and Viner 1133 Ser); 

Trends in and limits to interventions in developing 

countries (Obot 1323 Com), (Toumbourou et al 1391 

Ser), (Souza and de Leon 2157 C), (Röggla and Moser 

2158 C) See also Drug misuse 

Subthalamic nucleus Adeno-associated virus (AAV)borne 

GAD gene therapy for Parkinson’s disease, 

phase I trial (Stoessl 2056 Com), (Kaplitt et al 2097) 

Sucrose Pain reduction in infants (Shann 721 Com), 


Sudan Darfur region, deteriorating security situation 

may reverse health gains (Brown 630 WR) 

Sugar Pain reduction in babies by (Shann 721 Com), 


Suicide Oseltamivir possibly linked in adolescents, 

and warning in Japan over prescribing (1056 E); 

Pesticide self-poisoning (Asia-Pacific region), focus 



Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine Amodiaquine with 

vs artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated 



erratum) 

Sulfhaemoglobinaemia Cyanosis due to, dark green 

blood in patient with compartment syndrome 


Sulphonamide Hypersensitivity, pentaminidine 

contraindication in pneumocystis pneumonia as 

error in official book (Leclercq et al 369 C) 

Sumatriptan Sulfhaemoglobinaemia possibly due to 


Sunitinib malate Tumour lysis syndrome after in renal 

cell carcinoma (Nicholaou et al 1923 C) 

Surgeons Arrogance, need for improved 

communication for NHS improvements (TV series) 


Surgery Early, for acute cholecystitis, clinical update 

(Germanos et al 1774 Com); For gastrointestinal 

leucocytoclastic vasculitis presenting with lifethreatening 

haemorrhage (Uzoigwe et al 1054 

CR), (Di Comite and Rossi 1786 C), (Uzoigwe 

et al 1787 C); Genital autonomic nerve supply, 

sexual dysfunction after (Rees et al 521 Ser); 

Neuroblastoma management (Maris et al 2110 S); 

Pelvic organ prolapse management (Jelovsek et al 

1034 S); Training, UK governmental interference 

(Greenhalgh 1928 C); Video podcast of techniques 

for medical students (Butcher 1511 P) 

Surveillance Notification of global health risks to 

WHO under International Health Regulations (IHR 

2005) from June (1763 E) 

Sustainable development Contribution of global health 

(Donaldson and Banatvala 858 PH) 

Swedish snus see Snus (smokeless tobacco) 

Synchrotrons Diamond Light Source opened (UK) and 

use as “super microscope” (Sharp 1982 Com) 

Syphilis In adults, clinical update article (Wöhrl and 

Geusau 1912 Com); Resurgence in China and results 




SYROCOT Study Effectiveness of prenatal treatment 

for congenital toxoplasmosis (SYROCOT 

(Systematic Review on Congenital Toxoplasmosis) 

Study Group 115), (Martinelli et al 823 C) 

Systematic reviews Necrotising enterocolitis 

prevention by probiotics in very low birthweight 

infants, safety assessment trials needed (Caffarelli 

and Bernasconi 1578 Com), (Deshpande et al 1614); 

Preoperative chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung 

cancer (NSCLC) (Bradbury and Shepherd 1903), 

(Gilligan et al 1929); Prevalence of HIV infection in 

conflict-affected and displaced people in sub-Saharan 

Africa (Jewkes 2140 Com), (Spiegel et al 2187) 

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (D’Cruz et al 587 

S); Antiphospholipid syndrome/treatments and 

activity assessment (D’Cruz et al 592 S); Blood 

group change from A to AB (Kremer Hovinga 

et al 186 C), (Nakamura et al 187 C); Epidemiology/ 

pathogenesis/genetics/cardiovascular risk (D’Cruz 

et al 587 S); Management (D’Cruz et al 593 S), 

(Costedoat-Chalumeau et al 1257 C); Nephritis/CNS 

lupus/quality of life and pregnancy (D’Cruz et al 

590 S) 


T 

Taiwan Health partnership with China urgently 

needed (Hou 1345 C); HIV/AIDS statistics, 

response to, clinical spectrum of AIDS and vertical 

transmission of HIV-1 (615 E), (616 E), (Chen and 

Kuo 623 Com); WHO membership bid rejected but 

concerns over public-health emergency potential 

after (1763 E) 

Talc pleurodesis Luzenac talc safety in malignant 

pleural effusion and no association with ARDS 

(Aelony 1494 Com), (Janssen et al 1535) 

Tamiflu see Oseltamivir 

Tamoxifen Breast cancer disease-free survival improved 

by exemestane after (Intergroup Exemestane Study) 

(randomised trial) (531 E), (Boccardo and Rubagotti 


(Ferretti et al 1599 C), (Atkins 1600 C), (Coombes et al 

1600 C), (Ueda et al 1600 C) 

Tanzania Mother-Offspring Malaria Study (MOMS) 


(Dickert et al 874 V); Profile of Mapella E, National 

Adolescent Reproductive Health Coordinator (Brown 

1075 P) 

Targeted motor reinnervation For enhanced prosthetic 



TB Alliance Tuberculosis drug market size, report, and 

need to understand supply/delivery and distribution 

(1764 E) 

T cells Blockade, inflammatory bowel disease treatment 

(Baumgart and Sandborn 1652 Ser); Helminth 

infections, and impact of helminth elimination on 

malaria (Specht and Hoerauf 446 Com) 

Technology Licensed by US universities, guidelines 

to protect access and to prevent university research 

restrictions (McCarthy 896 WR); Lost in time, 

Antikythera mechanism as astronomical calendar 

from ancient Greece (Sharp 176 Com) 

Teenagers see Adolescent(s) 

Television Gerry Robinson’s series on NHS problems 

and strategies for improvement (Stein 1150 Com), 

(Goodman 1927 C) 

Telomeres Length (in leucocytes) and prediction 

of coronary heart disease and benefits of statin 

treatment (West of Scotland Primary Prevention 

Study) (Spyridopoulos and Dimmeler 81 Com), 

(Brouilette et al 107) 

Temporomandibular disorder Management 


Tenecteplase Acute ischaemic stroke management 


Tension headache Management (Henningsen et al 

950 R) 

Term Breech Trial Continuing debate and peer review 

(Bewley and Shennan 906 C) 

Terminally ill patients Access to phase I drugs in US 


Termination of pregnancy see Abortion; Pregnancy 

Terrorism Mumbai train blast, hospital management 

for victims (Deshpande et al 639 C) 

TGN1412 (anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody trial) Adverse 

events and impact on risk minimisation for first-inman 

trial (Hemelaar 1496 Com) 

Thailand Access to antiretrovirals, government 

negotiation with industry and compulsory licence 

(Cawthorne et al 974 Com); Child mortality reduction 

linked to reduction in inequalities (from equity 

measurements in census data) and implications for 

other countries (Bhutta 804 Com), (Vapattanawong 

et al 850); Criminalisation of drug users and effect 

on HIV programmes (Csete 720 Com); Dengue 

infection burden in children (Halstead et al 1410 

Com), (Anderson et al 1452); Generic version of 

efavirenz and US Government campaign against, 

implications for TRIPS (2 E) 

Thal L J Obituary of Alzheimer’s disease researcher 


Thoracic aorta Aberrant artery arising from, recurrent 

pneumonia due to bronchopulmonary sequestration 

(Palmowski et al 1318 CR) 

Thromboembolism Venous see Venous 

thromboembolism 

Thrombolysis Alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke, 

safety and efficacy (SITS-MOST study) (247 E), 

(Albers and Olivot 249 Com), (Wahlgren et al 275), 

(826 erratum), (Guptha et al 904 C); Complications

and management of, after ischaemic stroke (Khaja 

and Grotta 324 R); Endovascular mechanical, acute 

ischaemic stroke management (Sacco et al 334 

R); Systemic intravenous with local intra-arterial, 

for acute ischaemic stroke management (Sacco 

et al 332 R); Time window lengthened in acute 

ischaemic stroke management (Sacco et al 332 R) 

Thrombolytics Acute ischaemic stroke management 

(Khaja and Grotta 322 R); Combination therapies 

including in acute ischaemic stroke management 


Thrombosis Sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting 

coronary stents and acute coronary syndrome or 

diabetes as predictors (Urban and De Benedetti 619 



Bhala 1785 C) 

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Deficiency, 


Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) Recombinant see 


Tissue retention At autopsy, authorisation (Burton 

and Underwood 1474 R) 

Tobacco Smokeless (snus), impact on public health, 

health benefits of switching smokers to and 

pancreatic cancer risk (Foulds and Kozlowski 1976 

Com), (Gartner et al 2010), (Luo et al 2015) 

Tobacco companies British American Tobacco’s 

conference on social corporate responsibility to 

be hosted by European Parliament and criticisms 

(Hyde 731 WR) 

Tobacco control Policy implementation difficulties, 

Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 

Bloomberg initiative and smoking ban in England 

(2133 E); Smoking ban after delays and difficulties 

in UK (2133 E) 

Tobacco harm reduction Assessment of role of 

Swedish snus for, smokers switching to snus and 

health gains (Foulds and Kozlowski 1976 Com), 

(Gartner et al 2010) 

Tobacco smoking see Smoking 

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) Signalling pathways, 

inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis 


Tooth decay see Dental caries 

Topiramate Carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine 

or oxcarbazepine comparisons for partial epilepsy 

(SANAD randomised trial) (French 970 Com), 

(Marson et al 1000); Lamotrigine and valproate 

effectiveness comparisons in generalised and 

unclassifiable epilepsy (SANAD randomised trial) 

(French 970 Com), (Marson et al 1016) 

Toronto SARS Commission report on deaths issued 

in Ontario (Webster 264 WR) 

Total hip replacement Metallic debris from implants, 

implications on cancer risks, lack of legal 

requirements and establishment of National Joint 

Registry in England and Wales (Learmonth and 


Toubia N Lunch with The Lancet article (Shetty 

819 P) 

Toxoplasmosis Congenital, effectiveness of prenatal 

treatment (SYROCOT (Systematic Review on 

Congenital Toxoplasmosis) Study Group 115), 


TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) Recombinant see 


Tracheal intubation Prevention of postextubation 

laryngeal oedema by methylprednisolone 

(randomised trial) (Pearse and Young 1060 Com), 

(François et al 1083) 

Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) 

International campaigns by Novartis and US 

Government to undermine and implications (2 E) 

Traditional birth attendants Training of in Guatemala 


Traffic Effect of pollution from, on lung development 



Traffic accidents see Road traffic accidents 

Train explosions Mumbai, hospital management for 

victims (Deshpande et al 639 C) 

Training Partnerships between UK and developing 

countries, Global Health Partnerships report 

by Lord Crisp (Pelly 1498 Com); Surgical, UK 

governmental interference (Greenhalgh 1928 C); Of 

traditional birth attendants in Guatemala (Replogle 

177 WR) See also Medical training 

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) Diagnosis and 

management, clinical update (Hankey 1330 Com); 

Stroke risk and ABCD scoring for prediction of 

(Kernan 251 Com), (Johnston et al 283), (Tsivgoulis 

et al 1082 C) 

Translational research Definition, strategy and 

delivery in UK (Lord and Trembath 1771 Com) 

Transplantation China’s new regulations to reduce 

organ trade (Watts 1917 WR); Immunosuppression 

minimisation, clinical update (Sayegh and Remuzzi 

1676 Com); Legal and illegal organ donation, EU and 

WHO initiatives (1901 E) See also individual organs, 

tissues (e.g. kidney transplantation) 

Transplant tourists Illegal organ donation, China’s 

new regulations to deter and new EU and WHO 

initiatives (1901 E), (Watts 1917 WR) 

Trastuzumab After adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2positive 

breast cancer, follow-up randomised trial 

results (Hind et al 3 Com), (Smith et al 29), (Smith 

et al 991 C), (Takita et al 991 C) 

Trauma Effect on mental health in adolescents 

(Kakaki et al 2077 C); Hospital management for 

Mumbai train blast victims (Deshpande et al 639 C); 

Medicalisation of response and post-traumatic stress 

disorder (Stein et al 139 R), (Spiegel and Vermetten 

992 C) See also specific injuries/anatomical regions 

Travellers Advice on management of jet lag 

(Waterhouse et al 1125 S); Tuberculosis screening 

in primary care in UK and impact of educational 

outreach programme (randomised trial) (Mant and 


Treating to New Targets (TNT) study Cholesterol 

lowering in coronary heart disease and metabolic 

syndrome (Goldstein 25 C), (Mascitelli and Pezzetta 

25 C), (Caputo and Bernardi 26 C), (Deedwania 

et al 26 C), (Butler and Wainwright 27 C), (Moon 

et al 640 C), (1168 erratum), (Butler and Wainwright 

1787 C) 

TREAT trial Haemoglobin targets for darbepoetin alfa 

therapy (Strippoli et al 346 Com) 

Tremor Essential, clinical update (Benito-León and 

Louis 1152 Com), (Critchley 2157 C) 

Trientine Wilson’s disease treatment (Ala et al 403 S) 

TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property) 

International campaigns by Novartis and US 

Government to undermine and implications (2 E) 

Tritium fusion reactions Energy source and safety issue 


Tropheryma whipplei infection Misdiagnosed as 

sarcoidosis (Dzirlo et al 1832 CR) 

Tropical diseases Podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial 

elephantiasis) (Davey and Newport 888 Com); 

Progress in incidence reduction, WHO Health 

Report and new Department and need for integration 

of activities (Norris 369 C); WHO’s Global 

Partners’ Meeting on Neglected Tropical Diseases, 

commitments, partnerships and political advocacy 

(1404 E) 

Tsunami Detection buoys in Indian Ocean (Pincock 

2065 SR); Health and housing after Indian 

Ocean tsunami (2004) (Harris Cheng 2066 SR); 

Preparedness plans inadequate (Pincock 2065 SR) 

Tuberculoma Presenting in child with failure to thrive 

and vomiting (Logan et al 2132 CR) 

Tuberculosis CNS, in child presenting with failure 

to thrive and vomiting (Logan et al 2132 CR); 

Control and public-health system evolution in 

China (Sleigh 626 Com), (Wang et al 691 PH); 

Diagnosis improved by improving sputum quality 

with sputum-submission instructions (randomised 

trial) (Alisjahbana and van Crevel 1908 Com), (Khan 

et al 1955); Directly observed treatment (DOTS) 


(Dickert et al 874 V); Disseminated, after anti-TNFα 

treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Malipeddi et al 

162 CR); Drug market (TB Alliance) report, need for 

new drugs but need for planning, policymaking and 

public education (1764 E); Extensively drug-resistant 

(XDR), as threat to tuberculosis control and WHO’s 

Stop TB Strategy (965 E); Extensively drug-resistant 

(XDR), increased transmission across South Africa 

(Kapp 729 WR); Extensively drug-resistant (XDR), 

in South Africa (Basu and Galvani 272 C); Food 

shortages in Cambodia and effect on (1056 E); HIV/ 

AIDS comorbidity and inadequate response to, threat 

to WHO’s Stop TB Strategy (965 E); Multidrugresistant, 

control in India (Gopinath et al 741 C), 

(Aziz et al 742 C); Mycobacterium bovis, UK cluster 

and evidence for person-to-person transmission 

(Thoen and LoBue 1236 Com), (Evans et al 1270), 

(Collinson et al 2076 C); Prevalence (WHO statistics) 

(Mant and Mayon-White 1493 Com); Previous, limits 

of radiology, impaired gas exchange and need for 

clinical diagnosis (Breidthardt 2030 CP); Screening 

in primary care, impact of educational programme 

to improve screening and BCG vaccination by 

GPs (randomised trial) (Mant and Mayon-White 

1493 Com), (Griffiths et al 1528); Smear-negative, 

diagnosis in HIV/AIDS in resource-constrained 

settings (Getahun et al 2042 PH); WHO’s Stop TB 

Strategy, threats to and WHO Global TB Control 

Report (965 E) 

Tumour lysis syndrome After sunitinib malate 

treatment of renal cell carcinoma (Nicholaou et al 

1923 C) 

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers Ankylosing 

spondylitis treatment (Braun and Sieper 1386 S); 

Inflammatory bowel disease treatment (Baumgart 

and Sandborn 1651 Ser) 

Tumours Causing subarachnoid haemorrhage 

(van Gijn et al 307 S) See also individual tumours 

Type 2 diabetes see Diabetes mellitus, type 2 

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Neuroblastoma 

management (Maris et al 2115 S) 



U 

Uganda HIV prevention by male circumcision 

(randomised trial) (615 E), (Newell and 

Bärnighausen 617 Com), (Boseley 635 P), (Gray et al 

657), (Sawires et al 708 V), (Brewer et al 1597 C), 

(Kalichman et al 1597 C), (O’Farrell et al 1597 C), 

(Bailey et al 1598 C), (Denniston and Hill 1598 C); 

Profile of Gray R (collaborator with researchers on 

HIV trials) (Boseley 635 P) 

UK Asian countries as competitors or collaborators 

in science-based innovation (Shetty 813 WR), 

(Singh and Gupta 1688 C); Child wellbeing ranking 

by UNICEF report (616 E); Criticisms over access 

to cancer drugs by report from Sweden, and need 

for improved radiotherapy resources (1665 E); 

Death certification proposals (716 E); Dementia 

prevalence (800 E); Department for International 

Development (DFID), new health strategy launched, 

challenges, priorities and aid strategy (1973 E), 

(2078 erratum); Drug names, BANs and rINNs 

and need to avoid confusion (Mehta and Aronson 

1326 Com); Global Health Partnerships: the UK 

contribution to health in developing countries 

(Lord Crisp’s report) and recommendations (Pelly 

1498 Com); Government interference in surgical 

training (Greenhalgh 1928 C); Health as instrument 

of foreign policy, Donaldson report on global 

health and UK Government-wide strategy (Horton 

806 Com), (Donaldson and Banatvala 857 PH), 

(Obermann 1688 C), (Wood et al 1688 C), (Ellis et al 

1689 C); Inflammatory bowel disease audit (Butcher 

1591 WR); National curriculum and assessment of 

children from birth to 5 years (966 E); Parliamentary 

report on population growth and serious impact on 

Millennium Development Goals (Potts and Fotso 

354 Com); Public smoking bans showing signs of 

success (Spinney 1507 WR); Smoking cessation and 

delays on tobacco control (2133 E); Tuberculosis 

screening of immigrants at GP practices (Mant and 


UK Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) 

Drug-facilitated sexual assault concerns and need 

to teach medical students on correct examination 

method and evidence gathering (1234 E), (Norfolk 

and White 1996 C) 

UK Biobank Aims, pilot study, concerns and resolution 

of objections (Palmer 1980 Com) 

UK Clinical Research Collaboration Report on strategic 

position of drug development and clinical research 

in UK (Crowley 174 Com) 

Ulcer Peptic see Peptic ulcer 

Ulcerative colitis Comparison with Crohn’s disease 

(Baumgart and Sandborn 1641 Ser); Definition/ 

diagnosis/clinical features/natural history and 

management (Baumgart and Sandborn 1641 Ser) 

See also Inflammatory bowel disease 

Ultrasound Developmental dysplasia of hip detection 

(Dezateux and Rosendahl 1542 S); Transcranial, 

acute ischaemic stroke management (Sacco et al 

333 R)


Umbilical cord blood Storage of samples by Virgin 

Health Bank (437 E), (Templeton and Braude 1077 

C); Transplantation outcomes in children with 

acute leukaemia, comparison with bone marrow 



UNAIDS AIDS-related human rights problems and 

impact of AIDS on security (Csete 720 Com) 

Undernutrition Childhood, risk factor for adverse child 


146 Ser); Maternal and child, The Lancet’s call for 

papers on (Black et al 725 Com) 

UNICEF Report on child wellbeing in rich countries 

and ranking for US and UK at bottom (616 E); Vote 

buying in UN Security Council by use of aid from 


United Nations Right to health standard, obstacles to 

progress and need for application of international 

policymaking processes (438 E); Security Council 

and vote buying by use of aid from US and UN 

agencies (Woodward 12 Com), (Court 737 C); 

“Women Deliver” conference and call for papers 

(Horton and Starrs 1067 Com) 

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Work of and 

reproductive health policy (O’Brien et al 368 C) 

UN World Food Programme (WFP) see World Food 

Programme (WFP) 

Urinary incontinence Stress, autologous myoblasts 

and fibroblasts injection into rhabdosphincter and 

urethra for treatment (randomised trial) (Novara and 


Urogenital prolapse see Pelvic organ prolapse 

US Academic medical centres’ funding cuts and 

implications (532 E); Cancer mortality rates 

decline (McCarthy 263 WR); Cancer statistics 

(531 E); Child wellbeing ranking by UNICEF report 

(616 E); Cuban doctors defecting to, after working 

overseas (Ceaser 1247 WR), (Van der Stuyft and 

De Vos 2160 C); Death penalty statistics, botched 

executions, legal challenges and need to stop capital 

punishment (343 E), (Gupta et al 991 C); Democrat 

control of House and Senate and implications for 

pharmaceutical industry (79 E); Direct-to-consumer 

advertising of prescription drugs (1 E), (Ager 

822 C), (van Lierop 1790 C); Direct-to-consumer 

drug advertising and lessons for Europe (Metzel 

704 EF); Drug company influence over doctors to 

be tackled by Pew Charitable Trusts (Prescription 

Project) (McCarthy 730 WR); Drug-resistant Neisseria 

gonorrhoeae spread (McCarthy 1592 WR); FDA 

reforms process, SKAPP meeting and need for 

slow-down for right reforms (Robbins 1583 Com); 

FDA safety reforms process and consideration by 

lawmakers (Zwillich 1989 WR); FDA’s drug safety 

reforms criticised and computer system for tracking 

adverse effects mismanaged (Bristol 1072 WR); 

Food aid and 2007 Farm Bill (2134 E); Food safety 

reforms after melamine contamination case, new 

position at FDA and increased funding sought 

(1575 E); Government case to undermine TRIPS 

over generic version of efavirenz in Thailand (2 E); 

Guidelines to protect access to technology licensed by 

universities to protect public interest and university 

research (McCarthy 896 WR); Health care for 

children, SCHIP’s budget changes and support 

for expansion of plan to include all uninsured 

children (799 E); Health-care providers go “green” 

and become environmentally friendly (Bristol 453 

WR); Health care reforms and tax deduction for 

health insurance (McCarthy 545 WR); HIV-testing 

guidelines revision and routine opt-out HIV testing 

(Lifson and Rybicki 539 Com); Homeland security 

and problem with fistula-in-ano managed by seton to 

control perianal sepsis (Clark 370 C); HPV vaccine 

mandatory and backlash to plans (Udesky 979 WR); 

Human rights leadership should be Europe not US, 

in Human Rights Watch report (MacDonald 547 

WR); Influence on international decision-making 

and global governance (Woodward 12 Com), (Court 

737 C); Law to give NIH greater control over own 

budget (Bristol 629 WR); “Match Day”, residency 

training results and numbers of students for 

specialties (1055 E); Mercury poisoning from fish 

and lack of evidence (Sandström and Brunekreef 

535 Com); National Cord Blood Inventory (437 E); 

National Resident Matching Program, comparison 

with UK’s MTAS (Gupta 1687 C); New York Sate, 

lawsuits against drug companies (79 E); Ovarian 

cancer statistics (2051 E); PEPFAR and fight 

against HIV see PEPFAR ; Pharmaceutical industry 

profitability and spending on lobbying (79 E); Phase 

I drugs for terminally ill patients (Bristol 815 WR); 

Prescription drug abuse increase (McCarthy 1505 

WR); President Bush’s policies influencing World 

Bank strategy and criticisms (1492 E); Primary care, 

poor pay for primary-care doctors leading to reduced 

number and patient-centered medical home proposal 

(1055 E); Scientists urging Congress to boost NIH 

funding (McCarthy 1071 WR); Smoking costs to 

employers (1491 E); Travel restrictions for Muslim 

scientists (438 E), (Khan 463 C); Virginia shootings, 

gun violence as social problem, firearm numbers 

and reduction strategies, right to health not right 

to bear arms (1403 E); Vote buying in UN Security 

Council by use of aid from (Woodward 12 Com), 

(Court 737 C) 

User fees Equity fees vs in low-income countries? 


US Global AIDS Initiative (PEPFAR) Evaluation 

in Institute of Medicine report, funding and 

criticisms over budge allocations against HIV/AIDS 

(1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Long-term sustainable 

programme development for HIV/AIDS control 

(1141 E), (McCarthy 1155 WR); Profile of Coordinator 

(Dybul M) (Das 1161 P) 

US National Hospice Outcomes Project Opioid use and 

no difference on survival with dose (Sykes 1325 Com) 

Uterus Prolapse see Pelvic organ prolapse 

V 

Vaccination see Immunisation 

Vaccines see individual vaccines 

Vaginal atrophy Postmenopausal (Basson and 


Vaginal cancer Efficacy of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 

18 quadrivalent L1 virus-like-particle vaccine 

(randomised trial) (Joura et al 1693) 

Vaginal lubrication Reduced in postmenopausal 

women (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 415 Ser) 

Vaginal microbicides Drug candidates for HIV 

prevention (Balzarini and Van Damme 787 R), 

(Silverstein 1429 C); Trials stopped owing to 

increased HIV risk (615 E) 

Vaginal wall Prolapse see Pelvic organ prolapse 

Vaginitis Acute symptomatic candidal, treatment 

(Sobel 1966 S); Non-albicans candidal, treatment 

(Sobel 1967 S); Transformation of vulvovaginal 

candidosis to (Sobel 1964 S) 

VALIDD randomised trial Angiotensin receptor 

blockade with valsartan and effect on diastolic 

function in hypertension (randomised trial) 

(Ahmed et al 2053 Com), (Solomon et al 2079) 

Valproate Adverse effects in pregnancy (French 

970 Com), (Marson et al 1016); Lamotrigine and 

topiramate effectiveness comparisons in generalised 

and unclassifiable epilepsy (SANAD randomised 

trial) (French 970 Com), (Marson et al 1016) 

Valsartan Addition to conventional treatment in 

hypertension and cardiovascular disease in Japan 

(Jikei Heart Study randomised trial) (Staessen and 

Richart 1407 Com), (Mochizuki et al 1431); Effect 

on diastolic function in hypertension and diastolic 

dysfunction (VALIDD randomised trial) (Ahmed 

et al 2053 Com), (Solomon et al 2079) 

Valsartan in Diastolic Dysfunction (VALIDD) randomised 

trial Angiotensin receptor blockade with valsartan 

and effect on diastolic function in hypertension 

(randomised trial) (Ahmed et al 2053 Com), 

(Solomon et al 2079) 

Varicella Epidemiology (558 erratum); Vaccination in 

child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, death and 

recommendations to prevent (Schrauder et al 1232 

CR), (Ulloa-Gutierrez 1860 C) 

Vasculitis Gastrointestinal leucocytoclastic, 

presenting with life-threatening haemorrhage 

(Uzoigwe et al 1054 CR), (Di Comite and Rossi 1786 

C), (Uzoigwe et al 1787 C) 

Vasodilators ARDS and acute lung injury (Wheeler 

and Bernard 1559 R) 

Venezuela Cuban doctors defecting to US after 

working in (Ceaser 1247 WR), (Van der Stuyft and 

De Vos 2160 C) 

Venlafaxine Narcolepsy with cataplexy treatment 

(Plazzi et al 1081 C); Treatment for hot flushes, 


Venous thromboembolism Prevention after acute 

ischaemic stroke by enoxaparin vs unfractionated 

heparin (PREVAIL study) (Sherman et al 1347), 

(O’Donnell and Kearon 1413 Com); Screening 

venography and frequency (O’Donnell and Kearon 

1413 Com) 

Ventilation ARDS and acute lung injury (Wheeler and 

Bernard 1556 R) 

Ventricular fibrillation Brugada syndrome presenting 

with and ECG changes affected by hypothermia 

(Tan and Meregalli 78 CR); During termination 

of pregnancy, due to amniotic fluid embolism 

(Verroust et al 190 CR) 

Verbal autopsy (Burton and Underwood 1477 R) 

Very low birth weight infants Cerebral palsy trends 

and incidence decreased in EU (Hack and Wilson 

Costello 7 Com), (Platt et al 43); Necrotising 

enterocolitis prevention by probiotics, safety 

assessment trials needed (systematic review) 

(Caffarelli and Bernasconi 1578 Com), (Deshpande 

et al 1614) 

Vestibular dysfunction Neurosarcoidosis presenting 

with (Agari et al 878 CR) 

Viagra see Sildenafil 

Victora C Profile of leader in child health and 

development (Boseley 21 P) 

Viewpoint 

Ancillary-care responsibilities in observational 

research (Dickert et al 874) 

Global burden of childhood hearing impairment and 

disease control priorities (Olusanya and Newton 

1314), (1860 erratum) 

HIV self-testing and time for policy revision (Frith 

243) 

HIV surveillance in Africa using data from HIV 

counselling and testing services (Mwaluko et al 612) 

Male circumcision and HIV prevention, challenges 

and opportunities (Sawires et al 708) 

Measuring health and disability, disability-adjusted 

life years (DALYs) (Mont 1658) 

Medical schools for health-care needs of 21st century 

(Gibbon 2211) 

Microarray genetic screening (prenatal) (Shuster 

526) 

Patient safety and patient error (Buetow and Elwyn 

158) 

Prevention of 100 million deaths from tobacco 

(Frieden and Bloomberg 1758) 

Vildagliptin Review of role in type 2 diabetes (Focosi 

et al 269 C), (Grouzmann et al 269 C), (Mihkail 

269 C) 

Vincristine Additional pulses (with dexamethasone) 

during continuation chemotherapy in acute 

lymphoblastic leukaemia of little benefit (randomised 

trial) (Saha 82 Com), (Conter et al 123) 

Violence Gun, as preventable social problem and public 

health issue, firearm statistics for US, and strategies 

for reducing (1403 E); Risk factor for adverse child 


152 Ser); Sexual, comprehensive response in conflict 

settings needed (systematic review) (Jewkes 2140 

Com), (Spiegel et al 2187); Against women and 

children (response to The Lancet editorial) (Germain 

24 C), (Gupta et al 24 C), (Zeitz 24 C) 

Virgin Health Bank Umbilical cord blood storage 


Vitamin A Effectiveness of early supplementation 

scheme of high-dose vitamin A vs WHO protocol 

for infants (randomised trial) (Brabin 2054 Com), 

(Darboe et al 2088); Supplementation, cautions, 

consensus and controversy (Brabin 2054 Com), 

(Darboe et al 2088) 

Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) Folic 

acid supplementation and homocysteine reduction 

effect on stroke prevention (Carlsson 1841 Com), 

(Wang et al 1876) 

Volcanic soil Endemic non-filarial (podoconiosis) as 

neglected tropical disease associated with (Davey 

and Newport 888 Com) 

Vomiting CNS tuberculosis and tuberculomas 

presenting in young child with (Logan et al 2132 CR) 


Vulval cancer Efficacy of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 

quadrivalent L1 virus-like-particle vaccine 

(randomised trial) (Joura et al 1693) 

Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome Chronic dyspareunia due 

to (Basson and Weijmar Schultz 418 Ser) 

Vulvodynia Dysaesthetic, causes and management 


Vulvovaginal atrophy Causes and management 


Vulvovaginal candidosis (Sobel 1961 S); Clinical 

features/diagnosis/treatment and prevention (Sobel 

1965 S); Epidemiology/microbiology/pathogenesis/ 

infection source (Sobel 1961 S); In HIV-positive 

women (Sobel 1967 S) 

W 

Walking Gait analysis to assist walking after stroke 

(Patrick and Keenan 256 Com) 

War Burundi’s health sector destroyed by (Wakabi 

1847 WR); Canadian soldiers and doctors under 

investigation for human rights abuses in 

Afghanistan (Webster 1419 WR); Commercial 

involvement by Reed Elsevier (publisher of The 

Lancet ) in arms trade (Birch 987 C), (Campbell 

et al 987 C), (Pelly and Gilmore 987 C), (Hall 988 

C), (Quizphe et al 988 C), (Smith et al 988 C), 

(Editors of The Lancet 989 C), (Ismael 989 C); 

Hospital crisis in Gaza Strip after fighting between 

Hamas movement and Fatah faction (Devi 2147 

WR); Iraq see Iraq ; Prevalence of HIV and need for 

comprehensive response to rape in conflict-affected 


(Jewkes 2140 Com), (Spiegel et al 2187) 

War terminology Used in medical journals (von Elm 

and Diener 274 C) 

Water Clean, lack causing impact on health and 

preventable deaths (2052 E) 

Weber-Mosdorf S WHO Assistant Director-General 


Weight loss Blogs about, in Japan (McCurry 451 WR), 

(Gluckman et al 1081 C); Cortisol deficiency 

presenting with (Schattner and Zornitzki 2214 CR) 

Wellcome Collection Opportunity to engage public in 

global health issues (2052 E) 

Wessely S Lunch with The Lancet article (Watts 

1783 P) 

West of Scotland Primary Prevention Study Coronary 

heart disease risk predicted by mean leucocyte 

telomere length and benefits of statin treatment 


et al 107) 

Whipple’s disease Misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis 

(Dzirlo et al 1832 CR) 

White matter Demyelination in neurosyphilis, 

dementia and (558 erratum) 

Wilson’s disease (Ala et al 397 S), (Harris et al 902 C), 

(Leggio et al 902 C), (Walshe 902 C); Hepatic 

pathology/pathogenesis/genetics/clinical features/ 

diagnosis and management (Ala et al 397 S), 

(Harris et al 902 C), (Leggio et al 902 C), (Walshe 

902 C) 

Wittmann B Correction to book review details about 


Wolfowitz P Controversy over position as head of 

World Bank (1492 E) 

Women Consideration in abortion trial of misoprostol 

administration routes and intervals (randomised 

trial) (Winikoff and Davis 1904 Com), (von Hertzen 

et al 1938); Health, progress in MDG-3, sexual and 

reproductive health and International Women’s Day 

(715 E); Mortality from sexual/reproductive ill-health 

(715 E); Oestrogen deficiency, sexual dysfunction 

with (Bhasin et al 607 Ser); Sexual dysfunction, 

assessment and management (Basson 350 Com), 

(Basson and Weijmar Schultz 409 Ser), (Trotta et al 

905 C); Sexual dysfunction in endocrine disorders 

(Bhasin et al 597 Ser); Sexual dysfunction in 

neurological disorders (Rees et al 512 Ser); Violence 

against (response to The Lancet editorial) (Germain 

24 C), (Gupta et al 24 C), (Zeitz 24 C) 

“Women Deliver: investing in maternal health” 

The Lancet’s call for papers on (Horton and Starrs 

1067 Com) 

Woodcock J Lifeline article (551 P) 

World Bank Controversy over Wolfowitz, accusations 

of influence by President Bush and loss of 

credibility (1492 E); Lending by to reward Middle 

East countries conforming to US policy (Woodward 

12 Com), (Court 737 C); New health strategy and 

concerns (McCoy 1499 Com); Presidential appointee 

and support for US-backed administration in Iraq 


World Food Programme (WFP) Funding needs and 

reduction in food assistance to Cambodia despite 

crisis (1056 E); New executive director (Sheeran J) 

and focus on development? (Loewenberg 2149 WR) 

World Health Assembly New WHO Guidelines 

Review Committee (1666 E); Taiwan’s bid for WHO 

membership rejected and concerns over public-health 

emergency potential (1763 E) 

World Health Organization (WHO) Antiretroviral drug 

access, report (1320 E); Childhood pneumonia 

guidelines inadequate and revision needed (Steinhoff 

and Black 1409 Com), (McNally et al 1440); DDT 

recommendation for malaria control, but impact on 

agricultural exports (248 E); Diabetes prevalence 

predictions (716 E); Director-General, election results 

(Nishtar 185 C); Director-General, profile of Chan M 

(Brown 899 P); Director-General’s new senior team 

and brief biographies (Brown 893 WR); Director- 

General’s vision for WHO (Samarasekera 1915 WR); 

FCTC see Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 

(FCTC) ; Global Knowledge Base on Transplantation 

(1901 E); Global measles mortality reduction goal 

for 2005, achievement (Elliman and Bedford 165 

Com), (Wolfson et al 191); Global Partners’ Meeting 

on Neglected Tropical Diseases, commitments, 

partnerships and political will (1404 E); Guidelines 

and recommendations and use of evidence base 

for (Hill and Pang 1842 Com), (Oxman et al 1883); 

Health-care provider shortage and impact on 

vaccination coverage (Lanata 1238 Com), (Anand and 

Bärnighausen 1277); Health Report for 2002 and new 

Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases 

(Norris 369 C); Neurological disease prevalence 

(800 E); Notification of global health risks under 

International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) (1763 

E); Organ trafficking prevention (1901 E); Patients’ 

interests not drug industry should be defended 

(Cawthorne et al 974 Com); Priorities of new Director- 

General (Samarasekera 1915 WR); Recommendations 

formulation and Guidelines Review Committee (1666 

E); StopTB Strategy, threats to and WHO Global TB 

Control Report (965 E); Vitamin A supplementation, 

effectiveness of early scheme with high-dose vitamin 

A vs (randomised trial) (Brabin 2054 Com), (Darboe 

et al 2088); Youth and road safety report (1319 E), 

(Butler et al 2160 C) 

World Psychiatric Association Mental health in 

development conference (Gureje and Jenkins 447 

Com) 

World Report 

Asian countries as competitors in sciencebased 

innovation and action needed to become 

collaborators (Shetty 813) 

Bulgarian doctors’ protest over health-care system 

crisis (Ivanova 1157) 

Burundi’s health sector destroyed by ethnic war 

(Wakabi 1847) 

Canadian soldiers and doctors in Afghanistan face 

torture allegations (Webster 1419) 

Cancer deaths decline in number in US (McCarthy 

263) 

Child malnutrition increase in India (Chatterjee 1417) 

Child murder in Germany leads to proposals for 

legislation for cooperation between health workers 

and local authorities and early warning system 

(Hyde 95) 

China to deter human organ trade with new 

regulations (Watts 1917) 

Cuban doctors working overseas defecting to US 

(Ceaser 1247) 

Darfur and worsening security may reverse health 

gains (Brown 630) 

Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae spread in US 

(McCarthy 1592) 

EU Clinical Trials Directive follow-up and concerns 

over costs and bureaucracy (Hoey 1777) 

European Parliament criticised over decision to host 

British American Tobacco’s conference on social 

corporate responsibility (Hyde 731) 

FDA’s drug safety reforms criticised for 

mismanagement (Bristol 1072) 

FDA seeks to increase pharmaceutical industry user 

fees to improve drug safety practices (Zwillich 357) 

Female genital mutilation prevalence and progress on 

reducing (Wakabi 1069) 

Gastroenterology neglected by NHS (UK) and 

national audit results of inflammatory bowel disease 

(Butcher 1591) 

Gaza Strip and hospitals struggling after factional 

fighting (Devi 2147) 

Health care professionals in Latin America and 

Caribbean (Fraser 179) 

Health-care providers in US go “green” (Bristol 453) 

Health care system rebuilt and reformed in Serbia 


Health crisis worsening in Zimbabwe (Kapp 1987) 

HIV/AIDS conference and progress in Lesotho 


Hong Kong to reduce influx of pregnant Chinese 

(Harris Cheng 981) 

Hospital services to be reconfigured in UK and system 

of large specialist centres possible (Wilkinson 1249) 

HPV vaccine mandate triggers backlash in US 

(Udesky 979) 

Human rights leadership should be Europe not US 

(from Human Rights Watch report) (MacDonald 

547) 

Kenya’s mixed HIV/AIDS response with delays in 

provision of audited accounts but strict procedures 

for money use (Wakabi 17) 

Libya attempt to trade lives of medics with agent in 

UK prison (Duke 261) 

Medical tourism to developing countries (MacReady 

1849) 

Nicaragua and removal of legal loophole for abortions 

endangering women’s lives (Replogle 15) 

NIH director given greater control over budget 

(Bristol 629) 

Obesity in Japan and blogs about weight loss 

(McCurry 451) 

Pay-or-die policy (for hospital fees) and protests in 

China over (Watts 93) 

Phase I drugs for terminally ill patients in US (Bristol 

815) 

Polish paramedics jailed for murdering patients (Holt 

548) 

Prescription drug abuse increase in US (McCarthy 

1505) 

Prescription drug (subsidised) shortage in Russia 

owing to funding crisis (Parfitt 1779) 

Safety reforms at FDA (Zwillich 1989) 

SARS Commission report issued in Canada (Webster 

264) 

Scientists urging Congress to boost NIH funding in 

US (McCarthy 1071) 

Smoking bans (in public) showing signs of success in 

Europe (Spinney 1507) 

South Africa’s new 5-year HIV/AIDS plan (Kapp 1589) 

Special Reports see Special Report 

Training of traditional birth attendants in Guatemala 

(Replogle 177) 

US campaign to tackle drug company influence over 

doctors (McCarthy 730) 

US Global AIDS Initiative report (McCarthy 1155) 

US guidelines to protect access to licensed technology 


US health-care reforms and President Bush’s plans 


WHO Director-General’s new team (Brown 893) 

WHO Director-General’s vision for WHO 

(Samarasekera 1915) 

World Food Programme and focus on development? 


XDR tuberculosis spread across South Africa (Kapp 

729) 

World TB Day WHO Global TB Control Report and 

theme for 2007 (965 E) 

WOSCOPS (West of Scotland Primary Prevention Study) 

Coronary heart disease risk predicted by mean 

leucocyte telomere length and benefits of statin 

treatment (Spyridopoulos and Dimmeler 81 Com), 

(Brouilette et al 107) 

Wynne L C Obituary of psychiatry researcher (Oransky 

820 O) 




X 

XDR tuberculosis Increased spread across South Africa 

(Kapp 729 WR); In South Africa (Basu and Galvani 

272 C); As threat to tuberculosis control and WHO’s 

Stop TB Strategy (965 E) 

XENDOS trial Orlistat as adjunct to lifestyle changes 

for prevention of type 2 diabetes in obesity (Finer 

1163 C), (Padwal and Majumdar 1164 C) 

Y 

Yandarov S Profile of Chechan trauma and 

orthopaedics specialist (Parfitt 183 P) 

Yersinia pestis Taxonomy, evolution and plague 

pathogenesis (Prentice and Rahalison 1196 S) 

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Yersinia pestis relationship 

and evolution (Prentice and Rahalison 1196 S) 

Young people Development and sexual/reproductive 

health (Bearinger et al 1227 Ser); Recurrent 

pneumonia due to bronchopulmonary sequestration 

(Palmowski et al 1318 CR); Road traffic accidents and 

deaths due to (1319 E), (Butler et al 2160 C); Youthfriendly 

primary-care services (Tylee et al 1565 Ser) 

See also Adolescent(s) 

Youth and road safety report Deaths due to road traffic 

accidents (1319 E), (Butler et al 2160 C) 

Z 

Zanzibar Zinc supplementation effects on child 

mortality (community-based randomised trial) 



Zeitgebers Jet lag trends and coping strategies 

(Waterhouse et al 1118 S) 

Zimbabwe Health crisis worsening, shortages of 

staff and supplies and human rights abuses (Kapp 

1987 WR) 

Zinc Wilson’s disease treatment (Ala et al 404 S) 

Zinc deficiency Risk factor for child development in 

developing countries (Walker et al 149 Ser) 

Zinc supplementation Beneficial effects on child 

mortality (community-based randomised trial) 



Zucker H WHO Assistant Director-General (Brown 

895 WR) 


Author Index to Volume 369, 2007 

A 

Aakhus S 2142 Com 

Abd-Allah S A 836 

Abdul F B 273 C 

AbouZahr C 718 Com, 1039 Ser 

Abramsky L 641 C 

Abramson J 168 Com, 1079 C 

Abrecht L 667 

Abroug F 1426 C 

Achard J-M 1080 C 

ACTIVE Investigators 106 C 

Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage 

strategy (ACUITY) trial investigators 907 

Adami H-O 2015 

Adami J 1724, 2015 

Addolorato G 902 C 

Adegbola R A 2088 

Ades A E 270 C 

Adhikari M 2159 C 

Adjei S 1039 Ser 

Adnet F 1430 C 

Aelony Y 1494 Com 

Afifi M 1428 C, 1858 C 

Agangi A 823 C 

Agari D 878 CR 

Ager B 822 C 

Aggarwal P 1425 C 

Agot K 643, 1598 C 

Agyemang C 1256 C 

Ahluwalia N K 1814 CP 

Ahmad S R 462 C 

Ahmed A 2053 Com 

Ahmed N 275, 826 erratum 

Ahmed R E 246 CR 

Ahmed S 1540 CP 

Aho K M 2078 C 

Aimaretti G 1461 S 

Ainsworth J 1688 C 

Aitken D 1187 

Aizawa H 365 C 

Al-Kharusi A M 1000, 1016 

Ala A 397 S 

Albani F 1081 C 

Albers G W 249 Com, 1347 

Alberti G 2059 Com 

Alderman M H 740 Com 

Alfieri S 766 CP 

Ali F 1054 CR, 1787 C 

Alisjahbana B 1908 Com 

Alvarez I 559, 906 erratum 

Alwaidh M 1000, 1016 

Ambrosini A 1063 Com 

Ammassari A 905 C 

Amoura Z 1257 C 

Anand S 1277 

Andang’o P E A 1799 

Andersen J 559, 906 erratum 

Anderson C 1270 

Anderson J 1688 C 

Anderson K B 1452 

Andreasen N C 633 P 

Andreev E 2001 

Angle R 836 

Anstey N M 757 

Antinori A 905 C 

Appleton R 1000, 1016 

Apter D L 2161 

Arbogast P G 1179 

Arcury T 1602 C 

Armitage M 906 erratum 

Arnaud C 2171 

Arnesen H 2142 Com 

Arnold J M O 2079 

Arnott D 1856 C 

Arns da Cunha C 1519 

Arnulf I 499 S 

Aronson J K 1326 Com 

Arslanian S 2059 Com 

Artibani W 2139 Com 

Arustamyan K 1938 

Ashkan K 397 S 

Askie L M 1791 

Association des Réanimateurs du Centre-Ouest (ARCO) 

1083 

Astoul P 1535 

Atkins C D 1600 C 

Atkinson G 1117 S 

Audisio R A 188 C 

Auerbach M 1502 Com 

Aurigemma G P 2079 

Avol E 571 

Ayah R 1799 

Aylward R B 1356, 1790 erratum 

Aziz M A 742 Com 

B 

Bach J 1664 CR 

Bacon M C 657 

Bagatell R 2106 S 

Bahl S 1356, 1790 erratum 

Bahwere P 741 Com, 1260 erratum 

Bailey R C 643, 1598 C 

Bajema I M 186 C 

Bajetta E 559, 906 erratum 

Bajos N 557 C 

Baker G A 1000, 1016 

Balagué F 726 Com 

Ballard H 1502 Com 

Ballo P 1574 CR 

Balzarini J 787 R 

Balzer K M 187 C 

Bambrick H J 1584 Com 

Bambs C 825 C 

Banas B 1517 C 

Banatvala N 857 PH 

Bandoh M 878 CR 

Banerjee A 1270 

Bani-Sadr F 272 C 

Banks M 1260 C 

Barad D H 1855 C 

Barber M D 1027 S 

Barbone F 1166 C 

Barbui C 270 C 

Barnes P J 342 CR 

Barnett R 266 P, 1160 P 

Bärnighausen T 617 Com, 1277 

Barr E 1693 

Barr Taylor C 1928 C 

Barrios C 1519 

Barry J 474 

Bartsch G 2179 

Bartunek J 1869 

Basavaraju K P 1814 CP 

Baselga J 29 

Basson R 350 Com, 409 Ser, 597 Ser 

Basu S 272 C 

Bateman D N 2000 C 

Batra Y K 903 C 

Baum F 988 C 

Baumgart D C 1627 Ser, 1641 Ser 

Bautista O M 1693 

Bawaskar H S 1425 C 

Bayliss P 474, 1998 C 

Bearinger L H 1220 Ser 

Becher H 2155 C 

Becke B 1535 

Beckers N G M 743 

Beckers P 2050 CR 

Beckung E 2171 

Bedford H 165 Com 

Beedle A S 1081 C 

Beetham R 904 C 

Behrman J R 229 Ser 

Bell A 1510 P 

Bell R 29 

Bellini G 365 C 

Bellissant E 1083 

Bellos N 1169 

Benachi A 440 Com 

Benazzi F 935 S 

Bendall R 1260 C 

Benito-León J 1152 Com 

Bennett A J 555 C 

Bennett P 2059 Com 

Bennett S 1891 S 

Bennish M L 1107 

Benoit Y 123 

Benos A 988 C 

Bergh J 29 

Berghaus T M 1140 CR 

Bergmann C 2157 C 

Berhane K 571 

Bernard G R 1553 R 

Bernardi M 26 C, 463 C 

Bernasconi S 1578 Com 

Bernstein A L 283 

Bersano A 299, 1255 C 

Bertelli G 559, 906 erratum 

Bertram M Y 2010 

Bertrand M E 907 

Betz J 474 

Betz R 369 C 

Beunza J J 556 C 

Beutels P 460 C 

Bewley S 906 C 

Bhala N 106 C, 1785 C 

Bhasin S 597 Ser 

Bhatnagar S 885 Com 

Bhattacharji S 2155 C 

Bhoi S 24 C, 991 C, 1425 C 

Bhutta Z A 804 Com, 2121 R 

Binggeli C 1762 CR 

Biollaz J 269 C 

Birch M 987 C 

Bitra K 1054 CR 

Bjarnason I 614 CR, 1691 C 

Bjarnason N H 1163 C 

Black C 37, 906 erratum 

Black M M 229 Ser 

Black R 1409 Com 

Black R E 725 Com, 927, 956 Ser, 2156 C 

Black S E 1080 C 

Bladin C 1347 

Blaha B 1832 CR 

Blakemore C 1047 HP, 1857 C 

Blanc L 742 Com 

Bland R J 2097 

Bland R M 1107, 2073 C 

Blicher T M 1163 C 

Bliss J M 559, 906 erratum, 1600 C 

Bloomberg M R 1758 V 

Boakye D A 2021 

Bobrow L 738 Com 

Boccardo F 533 Com 

Boelaert M 638 C 

Boerma J T 718 Com, 779 Ser 

Boersma E 667 

Boffetta P 2015 

Bogle R G 559, 640 C, 906 erratum, 1168 erratum 

Bolliger C T 1535 

Boneh A 37 

Bonneux L 737 Com 

Bonnier J 1869 

Bonono L 1166 C 

Boon N 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Borasio G D 2031 S 

Bosch F X 2161 

Böse D 1869 

Boseley S 21 P, 635 P 

Boslego J W 1693 

Bothamley G 1528 

Böttiger B W 1924 C 

Boulain T 1083 

Bourgoun M 2079 

Bowes G 1058 Com 

Brabin B 2054 Com 

Bradbury P A 1903 Com 

Braillon A 1428 C 

Braiteh F 217 CP 

Bramkamp M 1762 CR 

Brandtzaeg P 2196 S 

Braude P 1077 C 

Braun J 1379 S 

Brazil, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1373 HP 

Breen E G 1346 C 

Breidthardt T 2030 CP 

Brenet O 1083 


Author Index 

References and abbreviations 

C Correspondence 

Com Comment 

CP Clinical Picture 

CR Case Report 

E Editorial 

Es Essay 

EF Essay Focus 

H Hypothesis 

O Obituary 

P Perspectives 

PH Public Health 

R Review 

RL Research Letters 

S Seminar 

SR Special Report 

UOE Uses of Error 

V Viewpoint 

WR World Report 



Brewer D D 1597 C 

Brewin P 1528 

Brikci N 10 Com, 638 C 

Brinar W 558 erratum 

Bristol N 99 P, 453 WR, 550 P, 629 WR, 815 WR, 1072 

WR 

British Doctors Aspirin Trial 1603 

Britto M T 1481 Ser 

Britton J 1856 C 

Broadhead R 2159 C 

Brody S 1597 C 

Broekmans F J 743 

Brooks N 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Brouilette S W 107 

Brovedani P 1429 C 

Brown B 899 P, 1679 WR 

Brown E 967 Com 

Brown H 22 O, 268 O, 458 O, 552 O, 630 WR, 893 WR, 

1075 P, 1340 O, 2072 O 

Brown M 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Brown N 1853 P 

Bruch-Gerharz D 1372 CP 

Bruijn J A 186 C 

Brunekreef B 535 Com 

Bruns L 2187 

Bryan J 1693 

Bryce J 725 Com, 956 Ser 

Buchan C 2154 O 

Buclin T 269 C 

Buetow S 158 V 

Burk R D 2135 Com 

Burke J P 2160 C 

Burki T 984 P 

Burkle F M Jr 104 C 

Burnham G 103 C 

Burns B 1099 

Burns-Cox C 1346 C 

Burton J L 1471 R 

Butcher J 91 Com, 267 P, 551 P, 1074 P, 1511 P, 1591 

WR, 1921 P 

Butler C 2075 C 

Butler J S 2160 C 

Butler R 27 C, 1787 C 

Butman J A 293 

Button J 1490 CR 

Bynum B 818 P, 1991 P 

Byrne A 366 C 

C 

Caan W 1789 C 

Cabezas E 1938 

Cabral de Mello M 229 Ser 

Caffarelli C 1578 Com 

Cahn P 1235 Com 

Caldwell D M 270 C 

Calnan M 28 C 

Cameron D 29 

Camm J 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Campbell M 123 

Campbell O 987 C 

Campbell R T 643 

Candelise L 299, 1255 C 

Cannon C P 465, 556 C, 1344 C 

Cans C 43 

Caprio S 2059 Com 

Caputo F 26 C, 463 C, 1080 C 

Carding S R 1627 Ser 

Cario G 1232 CR 

Carlini P 1599 C 

Carlsson C M 1841 Com 

Carlsson J 1785 C 

Carolei A 1255 C 

Carpentieri M 559, 906 erratum 

Carter J A 145 Ser 

Case C P 542 Com 

Casey P 1346 C 

Cassel C K 906 erratum 

Cassol S 1440 

Castagneto M 188 C 

Castellsague X 2161 

Castiglione M 559, 906 erratum 

Castrén M 1924 C 

Caswell M 1540 CP 

Catineau J 1430 C 

Catov J M 1765 Com 

Caulfield M 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Cawthorne P 974 Com 

Ceaser M 1247 WR 

Cedraschi C 726 Com 

CEPAR Research Group 823 C 

Cerda J 825 C 

Ceriani E 185 C 

Chadwick D W 1000, 1016 

Chakvetadze C 272 C 

Chalela J A 293, 1342 C 

Chamberlain D A 1926 C 

Champlin R E 1947 

Chan A T 1577 Com 

Chan C-C 844 

Chan F K L 614 CR, 1621, 1691 C 

Chan H L Y 1621 

Chaplin M 37 

Chappell D 1984 Com 

Chatterjee P 1417 WR 

Chaudhary M A 657 

Chaudhuri A 1079 C 

Chen J 1261 

Chen M Z 657 

Chen X-S 132, 1165 C 

Chen Y-M A 623 Com 

Chen Z-Q 132 

Cheraghali A M 463 C 

Chetchotisakd P 1519 

Cheung Y B 60 Ser 

Chien L-C 844 

Chilvers E 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Chin B 739 Com 

Chin D P 691 PH 

Ching J Y L 1621 

Chiu P W Y 1621 

Chiu R W K 1997 C 

Chong J Y 331 R 

Chou R 271 C 

Chow D K L 1621 

Chow S-N 2161 

Chowdury Z 988 C 

Christensen S R 530 CR 

Chuang Y-C 1890 CP 

Chunsuttiwat S 1452 

Churchill H 550 P 

Churchill L R 1509 P 

Churchill R 270 C, 1565 Ser 

Chwaya H M 927 

Ciccone A 1342 C 

Ciftcioglu N 2078 C 

Ciobotaru V 1900 CR 

Cipriani A 270 C 

Citterio F 188 C 

Claass J 2187 

Clark A 1187 

Clark C 370 C 

Clark S 1675 Com 

Clotet B 1169 

Coates A S 559, 906 erratum 

Coates T J 708 V 

Cocconi G 559, 906 erratum 

Cockerell O C 1000, 1016 

Coenen S 482 

Cognetti F 1599 C 

Cohen C 1169 

Cohen M S 132, 1165 C 

Cohen P R 217 CP 

Cohn S L 2106 S 

Colajori E 559, 906 erratum 

Coleman M 987 C 

Coleman R 29 

Coleman R E 559, 906 erratum 

Collier G 1535 

Collingridge D 356 Com 

Collins S 741 Com, 1260 erratum 

Collinson A 2076 C 

Collumbien M 274 erratum, 557 C 

Colombo A 907 

Colver A F 2171 

Compston J E 826 erratum 

Connolly J 714 CR 

Connolly S 106 C 

Conter V 123 

Coombes R C 559, 906 erratum, 1600 C 

Cooper D 1169 

Cooper P N 1000, 1016 

Coovadia H M 1107, 1440, 2073 C 

Corless C L 1731 S 

Cornel J H 827 

Cornely O A 1519 

Cornips E M J 1286 CP 

Corris P 1673 Com 

Costa J-M 440 Com 

Costantino G 185 C 

Costedoat-Chalumeau N 1257 C 

Costello A 1240 Com 

Court A 737 Com 

Cousens S 987 C 

Coutsoudis A 1107, 2073 C 

Couzigou P 1163 C 

Coviello A 597 Ser 

Cox D A 907 

Craft I 1855 C 

Craig J C 346 Com 

Craigie R J 1540 CP 

Cramp C 1000, 1016 

Crampin A C 612 V 

CREATE Steering Committee 1516 C 

Criel B 638 C 

Critchley E M R 2157 C 

Cronin M 474 

Crowley M 1852 P 

Crowley W F Jr 174 Com 

Cruickshank A 904 C 

Crump A 28 C 

Cryer B 465, 1344 C 

Csete J 720 Com 

Cuckle H 738 Com 

Cueto S 60 Ser 

Curtis C 2143 Com 

Curtis S P 465, 556 C, 1344 C 

Cutts F T 1144 Com 


D 

Daemen J 667, 1785 C 

Dahlöf B 1431 

Dales J 1270 

Dalesio O 1929 

Daley W L 2079 

Dalton H 836 

Dalton H R 1260 C 

Damewood M 474, 1998 C 

Dammann O 2137 Com 

Dancer S J 442 Com 

Dar O 1955 

Darboe M K 2088 

Dargan P I 1490 CR 

d’Arminio Monforte A 905 C 

Das P 628 Com, 1161 P, 1992 P 

Dauvilliers Y 499 S 

Dávalos A 275, 826 erratum 

Davenport A 714 CR 

Davey G 888 Com 

Davidson P W 537 Com 

Davies R 20 P 

Davis A R 1904 Com 

Davis I D 1923 C 

Davis J M 578 

Davis S M 252 Com 

Dawson A H 169 Com 

Dawson S 1671 Com 

D’Cruz D P 587 S 

De Benedetti E 619 Com 

de Bruyne B 1869 

de Carvalho N S 2161 

de Costa C 1594 P 

de Heer E 186 C 

De Klerk C 743 

de la Cruz 23 C 

de la Paz D 988 C 

de Leon M 2157 C 

De Stavola B 987 C 

De Vos P 2160 C 

de Winter R J 827 

De Wolf C 1799 

Deakin C D 1924 C 

Dean P B 901 C 

DeAngelis C D 1909 Com 

Decruyenaere J 1519 

Deedwania P 26 C 

Degomme O 102 C 

Dejgaard A 1926 C 

Del Mastro L 559, 906 erratum 

Del Vicario G 1972 CR 

Dellinger C 1832 CR 

Delozier T 559, 906 erratum 

Demarini S 1429 C

Demchuk A 293 

Demeyer I 1519 

Demicheli V 1857 C 

Demirtas H 1876 

Denniston G C 1598 C 

DeRiemer K 874 V 

Desachy A 1083 

Deshpande A A 639 C 

Deshpande G 1614 

Deshpande J M 1356, 1790 erratum 

Detels R 679 PH 

Devadasan N 638 C 

Devi S 2147 WR 

Dewer S 1405 Com 

Dewey H M 252 Com 

Dewsbery S 1054 CR 

Dezateux C 5 Com, 1541 S 

Dhallan R 474, 1998 C 

Dhingra N 101 C 

Dhingra U 927, 2156 C 

Dhir V 1460 CP 

Di Comite G 1786 C 

Di Giorgio A 766 CP 

Di Mario C 1869 

Di Stasi C 188 C 

Dibar E 123 

Dickert N 874 V 

Dickinson H O 2171 

Dickson N 1405 Com 

Diedrich K 559, 906 erratum 

Diekmann-Berndt H 1519 

Diener M K 274 C 

Dimmeler S 81 Com 

Ding Y 993 

Dionne M 2161 

Dizikes G S 2132 CR 

Djavan B 723 Com 

Dodwell D 559, 906 erratum 

Doglietto G B 766 CP 

Doherty C P 2088 

Dokomajilar C 491, 826 erratum 

Dolk H 641 C 

Donaldson L 857 PH 

Donnan G A 252 Com 

Doocy S 103 C 

Dooley J S 397 S 

Dorsey G 491, 826 erratum 

dos Santos Silva I 987 C 

Doshi P 739 Com 

Dougherty J 102 C 

Doughty J 1000, 1016 

Dowsett M 29 

Doyle P 987 C 

Drazen J M 1909 Com 

Drenth J P H 439 Com, 1345 C 

Drew S 1481 Ser 

Driesen P 1535 

Drucker E 898 P 

Drüeke T B 1516 C 

Dubin G 2161 

Dubousset J 968 Com 

Dubowitz H 1891 S 

Dudenhausen J W 1859 C 

Due S 2075 C 

Duffy P E 874 V 

Duintjer Tebbens R J 1363 

Duke K 261 WR 

Dukes M N G 173 Com, 1259 C 

Duley L 13 Com, 1791 

Dumanian G A 371 

Durga J 208, 1601 C 

During M J 2097 

Durrani S 1356, 1790 erratum 

Duster T 702 EF 

Dutta A 927, 2156 C 

Dworkin S L 708 V 

Dzialowski I 1341 C 

Dziegielewska K M 821 C 

Dzirlo L 1832 CR 

E 

Eapen M 1947 

Eastman N 1149 Com 

Eaton B 1000, 1016 

Eaton L 1597 C 

Eberli F R 1869 

Ebihara S 2076 C 

Ebsworth E P 757 

Eccles S A 1742 R 

Eddleston M 169 Com 

Edgren G 1724 

Edwards B 1117 S 

Edwards K M 1179 

Eidelberg D 2097 

Eijkemans M J C 743 

Eisenberg M 1924 C 

El Bashir H 1343 C 

Elbourne D 987 C 

Eldridge S 1528 

Elkind M S V 331 R 

Elkins J S 283 

Elliman D 165 Com 

Elliott W J 201, 1514 C, 1518 erratum 

Ellis J 1689 C 

Elsik M 381, 1516 C 

Elwyn G 158 V 

Emche S 474, 1998 C 

Emmett P 578 

Endy T P 1452 

Eng J K L 2021 

Engle P L 229 Ser 

Ennis F A 1452 

Enzlin P 597 Ser 

EORTC 08012 trial collaborators 1929 

Epstein H 557 C 

Epstein M 1859 C 

Erbel R 1869 

Erdenetungalag R 1938 

Eriksson P 1785 C 

Erne P 1869 

Esser M T 1693 

EUROCAT Folic Acid Working Group 641 C 

Evans A 738 Com 

Evans J T 1270 

Evans S 987 C 

Ewan P 1673 Com 

Ewy G A 882 Com 

Eytan A 1691 C 

F 

Fabiani J-N 1900 CR 

Falconer M 822 C 

Fallowfield L J 559, 906 erratum 

Fan D 1582 Com 

Farrell B 13 Com 

Farthing C 1169 

Fauconnier J 2171 

Fauser B C J M 743, 1855 C 

Favilli R 1574 CR 

Feder G 1528 

Fee P 714 CR 

Feehan D 739 Com 

Feigin A 2097 

Feit F 907 

Felici A 1599 C 

Fendrick A M 1580 Com 

Ferguson J 1220 Ser 

Fernandes M 365 C 

Ferretti G 1599 C 

Ferris D G 1693 

Feyereislova A 29 

Fiamma A 708 V 

Fields H 2079 

Fieschi C 1347 

Filippi V 1240 Com 

Filteau S 987 C 

Fine P E M 987 C, 1321 Com 

Finer N 554 C, 1163 C 

Fisman D N 84 Com 

Fitzsimons H L 2097 

Fletcher J 37 

Flexman A M 1972 CR 

Flisher A J 1302 Ser 

Flossmann E 1603 

Focardi M 1574 CR 

Focosi D 269 C, 367 C 

Forbes J 559, 906 erratum 

Ford G A 275, 826 erratum 

Ford I 107 

Ford N 974 Com 

Ford P A 342 CR 

Forfang K 2142 Com 

Formann E 1832 CR 

Fotso J-C 354 Com 

Foulds J 1976 Com 

Fournier A 1080 C 

Fowler C J 512 Ser 

France, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1373 HP 

Francis P T 1322 Com 

François B 1083 

Franko D L 1928 C 

Franz K 474 

Fraser B 179 WR 

Frauscher F 2179 

Freire A 1519 

French J A 970 Com 

Frenneaux M 1926 C 

Fretheim A 1883 

Frieden T R 1758 V 

Frippiat F 369 C 

Frith L 243 V 

Frizelle F A 1909 Com 

Froudarakis M E 1535 

Fu R 271 C 

Fujimoto K 365 C 

Fujisawa M 1257 C 

Fukuoka H 1081 C 

Fukushima K 856 CP 

Fulford T J 2088 

Furukawa T A 270 C 

Furuya S 844 

Fussenegger M 2179 

Future II Study Group 1861 



G 

Gabbai A G 1347 

Gacic-Dobo M 191 

Gadner H 123 

Gajalakshmi V 101 C 

Gajee K 1440 

Gakidou E 850 

Gale E 461 C 

Galvani A P 272 C 

Gamble C 1000, 1016 

Gao X 132 

Garcia-Garcia L 874 V 

Garenne M 2155 C 

Garfield R 101 C 

Garland S M 1693 

Gartner C E 2010 

Gasbarrini G 902 C 

Gaskin K 1146 Com 

Gasparini S 1535 

Gatell J M 1261 

Gattinoni M 299, 1255 C 

Gauderman W J 571 

Gaziano T A 186 C 

Geier A 1664 CR 

Gelber R D 29, 991 C 

Gelmon K 29 

Germain A 24 C 

Germanos S 1774 Com 

Gertler P J 229 Ser 

Getahun H 2042 PH 

Geusau A 1912 Com 

Ghigo E 1461 S 

Ghosh K 992 C 

Gibb D M 270 C 

Gibbon W 2211 V 

Gibson J 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Giles M F 283 

Gilligan D 1929 

Gilliland F 571 

Gilman S L 1593 P 

Gilmore I T 906 erratum, 987 C, 1405 Com, 1513 C 

Giroir B 836 

GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators 106 erratum 

Gissot V 1083 

Glaspy J 1502 Com 

Gleicher N 1855 C 

Glewwe P 60 Ser 

Gluckman E 1906 Com 

Gluckman P D 1081 C 

Glynn J R 612 V, 987 C 

Gmel G 1975 Com 

Goadsby P J 1099 

Godfrey C 1856 C 

Godfrey-Faussett P 1955 

Godlee F 1909 Com 

Godsland J 725 Com, 984 P 

Goel A 24 C, 991 C, 1425 C


Goffard J-C 1169 

Goffinet F 1900 CR 

Gokhale J A 1054 CR, 1787 C 

Gold K 474 

Goldblatt D 1440 

Goldhirsch A 29 

Golding J 578 

Goldstein B 836 

Goldstein M R 25 C 

Goldstraw P 1929 

Gomez M 1938 

Gong X-D 132 

Gonzalez C J 1261 

Goodman N W 1927 C 

Goossens H 482 

Gopalakrishnan A 368 C 

Gopinath K 741 Com 

Gordon D 2077 C 

Gøtzsche P C 737 Com, 1690 C 

Gould D A 1671 Com 

Goulding P J 1000, 1016 

Gourgiotis S 1774 Com 

Graham Dukes M N 173 Com 

Graham P 1425 C 

Graham T 1565 Ser 

Grandjean P 821 C 

Grantham-McGregor S 60 Ser, 824 C 

Grassly N C 1356, 1790 erratum 

Gray R H 657 

Grayling A C 19 P 

Green S 1452 

Greenhalgh R 1928 C 

Greenwood B 2196 S 

Greer G 1337 P 

Gregg Greenough P 104 C 

Greiner T 1766 Com 

Grenacher L 1318 CR 

Gridley G 1724 

Griffin G 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Griffin M R 1179 

Griffiths C 1528 

Griffiths U K 1321 Com 

Grijalva C G 1179 

Grinsztejn B 1261 

Groen H 1929 

Grond M 275, 826 erratum 

Grosse S D 5 Com 

Grossman A 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Grotemeyer D 187 C 

Grotta J C 319 R 

Grouzmann E 269 C 

Grundy E 987 C 

Gryseels B 638 C 

Gschwantler M 1832 CR 

Guerrant R L 824 C 

Guha-Sapir D 102 C 

Guiguemde R T 491, 826 erratum 

Guillaume S 29 

Gunasekera P 1789 C 

Gunnell D 169 Com 

Guo X 474, 1998 C 

Gupta S 1687 C 

Gupta V 24 C, 273 C, 991 C, 1256 C, 1425 C, 1688 C 

Guptha S H 904 C 

Gureje O 447 Com 

Guslandi M 1344 C 

Guzzi G 1168 C 

Gyapong J O 2021 

H 

Haas M 37 

Haas S J 381, 1516 C 

Habek M 558 erratum 

Habibzadeh F 641 C 

Hack M 7 Com 

Hacke W 275, 826 erratum 

Haeckel T 1140 CR 

Hahn S 1997 C 

Haines A 987 C, 2121 R 

Hall A 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Hall A J 987 C 

Hall E 559, 906 erratum 

Hall P 105 C, 988 C 

Hall W 972 Com 

Hall W D 2010 

Hallam A 741 Com, 1260 erratum 

Haller D M 1565 Ser 

Halperin D 557 C 

Halstead S B 1410 Com 

Ham C 634 P 

Hankey G J 1330 Com 

Hansmann J 1318 CR 

Hanson M A 1081 C 

Hanvoravongchai P 850 

Harbeck N 29 

Harder T 1859 C 

Harding A 98 P, 363 P, 1338 P 

Hargreaves S 1688 C 

Harinck H I J 798 CR 

Harper D M 1693, 2161 

Harrill C 2076 C 

Harrington M 2042 PH 

Harris Cheng M 105 C, 981 WR, 1595 P, 2066 SR 

Harris P C 1287 S 

Harris S 902 C 

Hart G 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Hartman D 182 P 

Harvey C M 1261 

Hatton M 1929 

Haubrich R 1169 

Haude M 1869 

Haug C 1909 Com 

Hawkey P M 1270 

Hayes R 987 C 

Hazeldine S 1260 C 

He Q 993 

Heagerty A 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Heald P W 530 CR 

Health at Hajj and Umra Research Group 1343 C 

Heath I 886 Com 

Hébert P C 1909 Com 

Hedrick J A 2161 

Heijnen E M E W 743, 1855 C 

Heikens G T 2159 C 

Heim A 1232 CR 

Heininger U 558 erratum 

Heinrich M C 1731 S 

Heintz P A M 1258 C 

Hellige G 667 

Helmerhorst T J M 1258 C 

Hemelaar J 1496 Com 

Henderson P 2073 C 

Henderson-Smart D J 1791 

Henke-Gendo C 1232 CR 

Hennerici M G 275, 826 erratum 

Henningsen P 946 R 

HERA study team 29 

Hernandez-Avila M 1693 

Herrerias-Gutierrez J M 23 C 

Hersh B S 191 

Herth F J F 1535 

Herzig R M 697 EF 

Herzog W 946 R 

Hesketh T 621 Com 

Hess B 2030 CP 

Hess O M 667 

Hetrick S 1302 Ser 

Heublein B 1869 

Hewinson R G 1270 

Heymann D L 1356, 1790 erratum 

Hibbeln J R 578 

Higashi T 844 

Hilgers K F 1208 R 

Hill G 1598 C 

Hill K H 739 Com 

Hill M D 293 

Hill S 1842 Com 

Hillis L D 1244 Com 

Hind D 3 Com, 642 erratum 

Hippler S E 2079 

Hirsch A 827 

Hirst J 461 C 

Hishida H 1090 

Hjalgrim H 1724 

Hockberg L R 345 Com 

Hodgson D 1855 C 

Hodgson H 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Hoekstra E J 191 

Hoerauf A 446 Com 

Hoey R 1777 WR 

Hogan M C 850 

Hogarty M D 2106 S 

Holbrook I 904 C 

Hold E 548 WR 

Holdstock D 1789 C 

Hollander P 554 C 

Hollins S 1149 Com 

Holmberg S B 559, 906 erratum 

Holmes W R 1065 Com, 2075 C 

Holt D W 1490 CR 

Holtedahl K 1166 C 

Holzgreve W 1997 C 

Home P 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Hopwood P 1929 

Horowitz M M 1947 

Horrigan M 1869 

Horton R 355 Com, 361 P, 725 Com, 806 Com, 967 Com, 

1067 Com, 1240 Com, 1405 Com, 1909 Com 

Horwood J 28 C 

Hoshuyama T 844 

Hotez P J 1979 Com 

Hou L 993 

Hou S-M 1345 C 

Howell S J L 1000, 1016 

HPV PATRICIA study group 2161 

Hsiao-Rei Hicks M 101 C 

Hsu K 459 C 

Huber K 1832 CR 

Hubner M 1832 CR 

Hughes A 1000, 1016 

Hughes G R V 587 S 

Hughes R 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Hugli O W 1925 C 

Hui A J 1621 

Hulot J-S 1257 C 

Hultén M A 1997 C 

Hung L C T 1621 

Hunt C R 1814 CP 

Hunt D 1270 

Huo Y 1876 

Huong T M 1938 

Hurst S A 1999 C 

Husain A 2053 Com 

Hutson R A 370 erratum 

Hux J E 750 

Huybregts L 740 Com 

Hyde R 95 WR, 731 WR 


I 

Ijaz S 1260 C 

Ikewaki K 1431 

Ilanne-Parikka P 365 C 

Ilsley C 1869 

Indonesia, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1373 HP 

Ingelfinger J R 1515 C 

Innes J A 1270 

Inoue T 1517 C 

Intergroup Exemestane Study 559, 906 erratum, 1600 C 

International Child Development Steering Group 60 Ser, 

145 Ser, 229 Ser, 824 C 

International Diabetes Federation Task Force on 

Epidemiology and Prevention of Diabetes 2059 Com 

Invasive versus Conservative Treatment in Unstable 

coronary Syndromes (ICTUS) investigators 827 

Iqbal R 1054 CR, 1787 C 

Irani S 1167 C 

Ireland E 559, 906 erratum 

Isaacs R D 1261 

Ishikawa Y 1090 

Ishine M 1257 C 

Islam Q M 557 C 

Ismael S 989 C 

Ismail A I 51 S 

Issa G 988 C 

Itakura H 1090 

Ivanova M 1157 WR 

Iversen A 139 R 

J 

Jack D 1688 C 

Jackson M 1000, 1016 

Jackson S J 2088 

Jacob B 101 C 

Jacob M 1984 Com 

Jacobs F 1519 

Jacoby A 1000, 1016 

Jaffar S 612 V 

Jain P 639 C, 1788 C 

Jaisamrarn U 2161 

James A 628 Com, 1251 P 

Jan S 2121 R 

Janardhanan R 2079 

Janeja M 368 C

Jansen M 1664 CR 

Janssen J P 1535 

Japan EPA lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) Investigators 

1090 

Jaspers C A J J 271 C 

Jassem J 559, 906 erratum 

Jayaweera D 1169 

Jeena P M 1440 

Jefferson T 901 C, 1857 C 

Jelovsek J E 1027 S 

Jenkins D 2161 

Jenkins M P 586 CP 

Jenkins R 447 Com 

Jensen M D 554 C 

Jerrett M 571 

Jersild C 1724 

Jewkes R 2140 Com 

Jha P 101 C 

Jick H 555 C 

Jick S S 555 C 

Jikei Heart Study group 1431 

Jiménez J 369 C 

Jiménez-Sáenz M 23 C 

John P 988 C 

Johns L 738 Com 

Johnson A 43 

Johnson B A 549 P 

Johnson F E 188 C 

Johnston G D 1514 C 

Johnston S C 283 

Jolles J 208, 1601 C 

Jolly R 8 Com 

Jolobe O M 904 C 

Jones A L 1490 CR 

Jones D P H 1844 Com 

Jones J 988 C 

Jones R W 1693 

Jones S E 559, 906 erratum 

Joshi R 1426 C 

Joshi S R 1425 C 

Joura E A 1693 

Joy P 37 

Jüni P 667 

K 

Kabole F M 927 

Kagis M 988 C 

Kahn J A 2135 Com 

Kajander E O 2078 C 

Kakaki M 2077 C 

Kalantar-Zadeh K 1515 C 

Kalantri S P 1426 C 

Kalichman S C 1597 C 

Kallarackal G 162 CR 

Kalluvya S 612 V 

Kameda T 844 

Kami M 991 C 

Kan Y-Y 1890 CP 

Kanae K 1431 

Kanchanachitra C 1039 Ser 

Kaneko A 856 CP 

Kapiriri L 229 Ser 

Kaplitt M G 2097 

Kapp C 729 WR, 736 O, 1589 WR, 1596 O, 1922 O, 1987 

WR 

Karjalainen A 844 

Karp I 738 Com 

Kase C S 1347 

Kashiyama T 878 CR 

Kast R E 269 C 

Kaste M 275, 826 erratum 

Katan M B 208 

Katlama C 1169, 1261 

Kaufman F 2059 Com 

Kaufmann M 29 

Kaur A 465, 1344 C 

Kavaslar N 1078 C 

Kawai M 1431 

Kaye J A 555 C 

Kealy M 2076 C 

Kearon C 1413 Com 

Keenan M A E 256 Com 

Keir G 904 C 

Kelen G D 823 C 

Kellett M 1000, 1016 

Kelly B D 1346 C 

Kemper K J 1602 C 

Kenangalem E 757 

Kendall D A 555 C 

Kenny S E 1540 CP 

Kenward M 987 C 

Kernan W N 251 Com 

Kerr R S 306 S 

Keuter M 2050 CR 

Khaja A M 319 R 

Khamashta M A 587 S 

Khan I 463 C 

Khan M S 1955 

Khaw K-T 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Khomassuridze A 1938 

Kidwell C S 293 

Kigozi G 657 

Kilburn L S 559, 906 erratum, 1600 C 

King A 106 C 

King L A 1047 HP, 1857 C 

Kirkwood B 987 C 

Kiryanov N 2001 

Kita T 1090 

Kitabatake A 1090 

Kitchener H C 2161 

Kitzinger S 817 P 

Kiwanuka N 657 

Klein B S 265 P 

Klein J P 1947 

Kleinert S 809 Com, 889 Com, 901 C, 1057 Com 

Klinkert E R 743 

Kneussl M 1832 CR 

Knoll M D 389 

Koblinger S 1519 

Koch A 1664 CR 

Kocher H M 1774 Com 

Kodama Y 991 C 

Koes B 1815 S 

Kofler K 2179 

Koga T 365 C 

Kohda Y 1517 C 

Koide R 878 CR 

Kok F J 208, 1601 C, 1799 

Kolbe A R 370 erratum 

Kolsteren P 740 Com 

Koniaris L G 352 Com 

Konradsen F 169 Com 

Koolen J 1869 

Koopmans M 186 C 

Koster R W 1924 C 

Kotzin S 1909 Com 

Koutsky L A 1693 

Kouyaté B 2155 C 

Kozlowski L 1976 Com 

Kraaaijenhagen R 1799 

Krageloh-Mann I 43 

Krajewski-Siuda K 368 C 

Krall R L 1995 C 

Krämer B K 1517 C 

Krantz M 366 C 

Kreitschmann-Andermahr I 903 C, 1461 S 

Kremer Hovinga I C L 186 C 

Krieger J N 643 

Krishnaswami C V 461 C 

Krum H 381, 1516 C 

Kshirsagar N A 639 C 

Kubba T 1240 Com 

Kucher N 1762 CR 

Kuelkens S 275, 826 erratum 

Kuiken T A 371 

Kukreja N 667 

Kulaga S N 738 Com 

Kumar A 189 C, 1460 CP 

Kumar S 741 Com 

Kunzli N 571 

Kuo S H-S 623 Com 

Kurtzberg J 1947 

Kurzrock R 217 CP 

Kuse E-R 1519 

Kvåle G 2158 C 

L 

Lachat C 740 Com 

Lacourcière Y 2079 

Laeyendecker O 657 

Lafta R 103 C 

Lai L H 1621 

Laihad F 757 

Laine C 1909 Com 

Laine L 465, 556 C, 1344 C 

Lakshminarayanan R 557 C 

Lam S K H 1513 C 

Lambermont B 369 C 

Lambert M-L 553 C 

Lammens C 482 

Lamping D L 987 C 

Lanata C F 1238 Com 

The Lancet, Editors 989 C 

Landrigan P J 821 C 

Lansky A J 907 

Lapandry C 1430 C 

Lapostolle F 1430 C 

Larger E 637 C, 1926 C 

Larrue V 275, 826 erratum 

Larsen J 1926 C 

Lashof A O 2050 CR 

Latour L 293 

Lau J Y W 1621 

Lavis J N 1883 

Lawlor P A 2097 

Lawn J E 2121 R 

Lawson G R 1000, 1016 

Layton D M 246 CR 

Lazarus J 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Lazova R 530 CR 

Lazzarin A 1169, 1261 

Le Calvez J-P 189 C 

Leach J P 1000, 1016 

Leaper D 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Learmonth I D 542 Com 

Leatherman S 906 erratum 

Lechat P 1257 C 

Leclercq P 369 C 

Ledger W L 717 Com 

Lee K 987 C, 1159 P 

Lee V W Y 1621 

Lee Y T 1621 

Leelarasamee A 1519 

Lees K R 275, 826 erratum 

Lefebvre E 1169 

Lefroy D C 246 CR 

Legge D 988 C 

Leggio L 902 C 

Lehmann U 2121 R 

Lehtinen M O 2161 

Leodolter S 1693 

Leon D 987 C 

Leon D A 2001 

Leonard P 369 C 

Lesterhuis W J 2050 CR 

Leung V K S 1621 

Leung W K 614 CR, 1621, 1691 C 

Levi S 1528 

LeVine M 105 C 

Levine O 389 

Levine O S 460 C, 1144 Com 

Levy H 836 

LHRH-agonists in Early Breast Cancer Overview Group 

1711 

Li J 1876 

Li Y 993 

Liang G-J 132 

Libraty D H 1452 

Lie R 874 V 

Lieu T A 389 

Lifson A R 539 Com 

Lim S S 850, 2010 

Lima A A M 824 C 

Limpananont J 974 Com 

Limson G A M 2161 

Lin C 132 

Lin R-T 844 

Lincoff A M 907 

Lindsey J B 1244 Com 

Lindström J 365 C 

Lipschutz R D 371 

Lipscombe L L 750 

Little K 1107 

Liu J 691 PH, 1582 Com 

Liu L 1876 

Lloyd B 988 C 

Lo Y M D 1997 C 

Loberiza F R 1947 

LoBue P A 1236 Com 

Lock B A 371 

Loddenkemper R 1535 

Loewenberg S 358 WR, 1781 P, 2149 WR 




Logan L K 2132 CR 

Lønning P E 559, 906 erratum 

Lopez A D 739 Com, 850 

Lopez R I 29 

Lord G M 1771 Com 

Lorntz B 824 C 

Lortholary O 1519 

Louis E D 1152 Com 

Lozoff B 145 Ser 

Lu C 1768 Com 

Luby M 293 

Ludwig D S 890 Com 

Luk K D K 993 

Lunde K 2142 Com 

Lunghetti S 1574 CR 

Luo J 2015 

Lurmann F 571 

Lüscher T F 1869 

M 

Maas C P 512 Ser 

Mabey D 987 C 

MacArthur R D 1143 Com 

MacDonald M 1528 

MacDonald R 547 WR, 983 P, 1773 Com, 1846 Com, 

1920 P 

Macias W L 836 

Macklon N S 743, 1855 C 

Maclean I 643 

MacReady N 1849 WR 

Magos A 464 C 

Magyarosy E 123 

Mahajan A 1243 Com 

Maher C 1027 S 

Mæhlen J 1690 C 

Mahon B 459 C 

Mahoney M R 171 Com 

Majumbdar S R 71 NDC 

Majumdar S R 1164 C 

Makumbi F 657 

Malgarini R B 88 Com 

Malhotra-Kumar S 482 

Malipeddi A S 162 CR 

Mallmann P 29 

Malmivaara A 1815 S 

Mammen M P 1452 

Manegold C 1929 

Manisankar M 741 Com 

Mannion A F 726 Com 

Manoukian S V 907 

Mansour A A 1860 C 

Mant D 1493 Com 

Mantell J 367 C 

Mao G 1876 

Marasco P D 371 

Marcovitch H 1844 Com 

Margreiter E 2179 

Mariani G 29 

Maris J M 2106 S 

Maristela R 757 

Markman M 1837 Com 

Markowitz M 1169 

Marksteiner R 2179 

Marlatt G A 1391 Ser 

Marquette C H 1535 

Marson A G 1000, 1016 

Martin C 362 P 

Martin S W 1179 

Martineau A 1528 

Martinelli P 823 C 

Martines J 2073 C 

Martini A 767 S 

Martorell R 229 Ser 

Maruotti G M 823 C 

Marusic A 1909 Com 

Mascitelli L 25 C, 1078 C 

Masera G 123 

Masey H 28 C 

Mashal J 988 C 

Mason E 2073 C 

Masterson K 900 O 

Matsubayashi K 1257 C 

Matsumura T 991 C 

Matsuzaki M 1090 

Matsuzawa Y 1090 

Mattis P 2097 

Maxwell S R J 2000 C 

May J C 1054 CR, 1787 C 

Mayon-White R 1493 Com 

Mayosi B M 1168 C 

M’Bemba J 637 C 

McCarthy M 263 WR, 360 WR, 545 WR, 730 WR, 896 

WR, 1071 WR, 1155 WR, 1505 WR, 1592 WR, 1675 

Com, 1851 P 

McCollum P 967 Com 

McConnell R 571 

McCormick J 1187 

McCoy D 988 C, 1499 Com 

McCurry J 451 WR, 1333 SR, 1339 P 

McFarland J W 191 

McGill J 37 

McGorry P 1302 Ser 

McKay D S 2078 C 

McKee M 987 C, 2001 

McLaurin B T 907 

McLellan F 627 Com, 2151 P 

McMahon A D 107 

McManus V 2171 

McMichael A J 1584 Com 

McNally L M 1440 

McNamee D 725 Com 

McNeill A 1856 C 

McPherson R 1078 C 

Meade T 987 C 

Measles Initiative 191 

MEDAL Steering Committee 465 

Medsin 988 C 

Meeks Gardner J 145 Ser 

Mehler P 366 C 

Mehran R 907 

Mehta A 1187 

Mehta D K 1326 Com 

Mehta G 1187 

Mehta R 464 C 

Mehta S 639 C 

Meier B 667 

Meissner W 1342 C 

Melbye M 1724 

Memish Z A 1343 C 

Ménégon P 1342 C 

Meregalli P G 78 CR 

Meta-Analysis of New Generation Antidepressants 

(MANGA) Study Group 270 C 

Metzl J M 697 EF, 704 EF 

Meyer P M 201, 1514 C, 1518 erratum 

Mhaoláin Á N 1346 C 

Micafungin Invasive Candidiasis Working Group 1519 

Michaud C 1768 Com 

Michelsen S I 2171 

Micieli G 299, 1255 C 

Mickiewicz E 559, 906 erratum 

Mignon A 1900 CR 

Mignot E 499 S 

Mikhail N 269 C 

Miller L A 371 

Milligan P 987 C 

Million Women Study Collaborators 1703 

Mills A 987 C 

Minas R 640 C, 1168 erratum 

Mitchell J D 2031 S 

Mitchell P 425 R, 2078 erratum 

Mittal S 1938 

Mitterberger M 2179 

Mochizuki S 1431 

Moericke A 1232 CR 

Molina J-M 1169 

Molyneux E 642 C, 2159 C 

Mondillo S 1574 CR 

Monson J 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Mont D 1658 V 

Montagna P 1081 C 

Montano N 185 C 

Montico M 1429 C 

Moodley P 1597 C 

Moon J C 640 C, 1168 erratum 

Moore J S 107 

Moore S R 824 C 

Morabito A 299 

Moran J L 1425 C 

Morarji N 1689 C 

Morgan G 2088 

Morger C 667 

Morris K 98 P 

Morris M C 166 Com 

Morrow R H 444 Com 

Moser B 2158 C 

Moser F G 1402 CR 

Moses J W 907 

Moses S 643, 1598 C 

Moss S 738 Com 

Moulton L H 657 

Mozaffarian D 1062 Com 

MRC LU22/NVALT 2/EORTC 08012 trial collaborators 

1929 

Mugford M 1187 

Muhib F 389 

Mukherjee R 1149 Com 

Mullan R 1252 P 

Mullan Z 985 P, 2153 P 

Mullassery D 1540 CP 

Müllauer L 1832 CR 

Müller C 1832 CR 

Müller O 2155 C 

Mulvagh S L 2079 

Munari L 1342 C 

Murphy P N 1856 C 

Murray C J L 739 Com, 862 Ser, 1768 Com 

Murri R 905 C 

Mutabingwa T K 874 V 

Mwaluko G 612 V 

Mwangi-Powell F 97 P 

Mwaniki D L 1799 

My Huong N T 1938 

Myers G J 537 Com 

Myles P S 810 Com, 2000 C 


N 

Nabel E G 2077 C 

Nadel S 836 

Nagao K 1925 C 

Naina H V K 902 C 

Nair R 1938 

Naito R 878 CR 

Nakamura N 187 C 

Nakaya N 1090 

Nakayama Y 1517 C 

Nalugoda F 657 

Namdar M 2030 CP 

Nanayakkara P W B 436 CR 

Nankivell M 1929 

Nanni G 188 C 

Naqvi T Z 2079 

Narayan R 988 C 

Narod S A 1667 Com 

Naud P 2161 

Navaneethan S D 346 Com 

Nawrot T S 1692 C 

Ndinya-Achola J O 643, 1598 C 

Neighbors C 1391 Ser 

Nelson M 1693 

Nemery B 1692 C 

Nentwich L M 293 

Nessa J 886 Com 

Neumark-Sztainer D 1928 C 

Newell M-L 617 Com, 1107, 2073 C 

Newport M 888 Com 

Newton V E 1314 V, 1860 erratum 

Ng E K W 1621 

Nguyen B-Y 1261 

Nguyen-Huynh M N 283 

Nguyen T 87 Com 

Nicholaou T 1923 C 

Nicholl D J 1687 C 

Nicolaides P 1000, 1016 

Nicolson M 1929 

Nicolucci A 346 Com 

Nightingale K 456 P 

Nisalak A 1452 

Nishtar S 185 C 

Noda S 1600 C 

Nonoguchi H 1517 C 

Noppen M 1535 

Norfolk G A 1996 C 

Normand S 1083 

Norris J 369 C 

North S 1689 C 

Northrop-Clewes C 2088 

Norway, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1373 HP 

Novara G 2139 Com 

Nowitz M 964 CR 

Nucci M 1519 

Nunn P 2042 PH

Nuorti J P 1179 

Nutt D 1047 HP, 1857 C 

NVALT trial collaborators 1929 

Nyrén O 1724, 2015 

O 

Obermann K 1688 C 

Obot I S 1323 Com 

O’Brien B 368 C 

O’Brien K L 460 C 

O’Brien R 2042 PH 

O’Donnell M 1413 Com 

Oedraogo J B 491, 826 erratum 

O’Farrell N 1597 C 

Ogawa K 1431 

Ohman E M 907 

Ohta M 1431 

Ohtaki M 844 

Oikawa S 1090 

Okazaki F 1431 

Okumiya K 1257 C 

Okumura K 187 C 

Old R W 1997 C 

Olivot J-M 249 Com 

Olusanya B O 1314 V, 1860 erratum 

O’Neill D 822 C 

Oofusa H 856 CP 

Opal S M 803 Com 

Opendi P 657 

Opie L H 186 C 

Oprisiu R 1080 C 

O’Rahilly S 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Oransky I 184 O, 364 O, 457 P, 636 O, 820 O, 1162 O, 

1424 O, 1686 O, 1921 P, 1994 O 

Orbach S 733 P 

O’Regan D P 246 CR 

Orgogozo J-M 1342 C 

Origasa H 1090 

O’Riordan W 1347 

Ormiston J 1839 Com 

Ortmann O 559, 906 erratum 

Osei-Atweneboana M Y 2021 

Osendarp S J M 1799 

O’Shea T M 2137 Com 

Osmond R 450 Com, 628 Com, 1430 erratum 

Ostrosky-Zeichner L 1519 

O’Sullivan S E 555 C 

Othman M K 927 

Otsuka K 1257 C 

Ovaska H 1490 CR 

Owen A 1513 C 

Owusu-Agyei P 904 C 

Oxman A D 1883 

P 

Paavonen J 1693, 2161 

Packard C J 107 

Padron J R A 23 C 

Padwal R S 71 NDC, 1164 C 

Palmer L J 1980 Com 

Palmowski M 1318 CR 

Palumbo D 734 P 

Panarese A 1540 CP 

Pandey N R 1256 C 

Pang C L 1068 Com 

Pang T 1842 Com 

Papadakis M 714 CR 

Papadimitriou G N 1257 C 

Parashar A 1343 C 

Parfitt T 183 P, 1779 WR 

Paridaens R 559, 906 erratum 

PARIS Collaborative Group 1791 

Parker C B 643, 1598 C 

Parkes J 2171 

Parkinson K N 2171 

Parmar M 1929 

Partridge J 246 CR 

Passchier J 743 

Patel V 987 C, 1302 Ser 

Patole S 1614 

Patrick J H 256 Com 

Patronas N 293 

Patterson N 2187 

Patton C 706 EF 

Patton G C 1130 Ser 

Paul V K 558 C 

Pavlö J 246 CR 

Pawar K S 1427 C 

Paxton S J 1928 C 

Peacock D 708 V 

Pearse R M 1060 Com 

Pecquet C 637 C 

Pedersen C R 1926 C 

Pedersen J 102 C 

Peeters P 2161 

Pellisé F 726 Com 

Pelly M 987 C, 1498 Com 

Pelton S 459 C 

Peltonen M 365 C 

Peng K K 988 C 

People’s Health Movement 988 C 

Peregoudov A 1938 

Perez G 1693 

Perkins G D 1926 C 

Perry G J 2053 Com 

Peter J V 1425 C 

Peters J 571 

Peters M 836 

Petit-Zeman S 1253 P 

Peto J 987 C 

Petrini M 269 C 

Petzelbauer P 1832 CR 

Pezzetta F 25 C, 1078 C 

Pfeiffer T 187 C 

Philips M 10 Com, 638 C 

Phrommintikul A 381, 1516 C 

Phuong N T N 1938 

Piaggio G 1938 

Pialoux G 272 C 

Piccart-Gebhart M J 29, 991 C 

Piette J-C 1257 C 

Pigatto P D 1168 C 

Pikul B K 1402 CR 

Pilgrim H 3 Com, 642 erratum 

Pilishvili T 459 C 

Pimpinella G 88 Com 

Pincock S 100 O, 1076 O, 1423 P, 1512 O, 1685 P, 1784 

O, 1993 P, 2065 SR 

Pinel A 557 C 

Pineo G F 1347 

Pinggera G M 2179 

Pinhas-Hamiel O 1823 R 

Pini P 450 Com, 628 Com, 1430 erratum 

Pinkerton S D 1597 C 

Pirson Y 1287 S 

Pitkälä K H 1328 Com, 1860 erratum 

Pittet D 1519 

Pitts N B 51 S 

Plagemann A 1859 C 

Platt M J 43 

Plazzi G 1081 C 

Plotkin S 1421 P 

Plunkett L M 821 C 

Po A L W 1770 Com 

Pocock S J 907, 987 C 

Poligone B 530 CR 

Polinder S 743 

Pollitt E 145 Ser 

Ponsar F 638 C 

Potterat J J 1597 C 

Potts M 354 Com 

POWER 1 and 2 study groups 1169 

Power I 810 Com, 2000 C 

Poynton A R 2160 C 

Prabhakaran S 331 R 

Prentice A 987 C 

Prentice A M 2088 

Prentice M B 1196 S 

Preux P-M 1083 

PREVAIL Investigators 1347 

Price R N 757 

Prichard R K 2021 

Procter M 29, 991 C 

PROGRESS-AMS (Clinical Performance and Angiographic 

Results of Coronary Stenting with Absorbable Metal 

Stents) Investigators 1869 

PROSIT Study Group 299 

Protocol 005 Team 1261 

Provini F 1081 C 

Psarros C 1257 C 

Pugh C 1929 

Puliyel J 189 C 

Purahong W 974 Com 

Purkayastha D 2079 



Q 

Qin X 1876 

Quinn T C 657 

Quint W 2161 

Quizphe A 988 C 

R 

Radelet S 1807 

Raffle A E 367 C 

Raghunadharao D 1519 

Rahalison L 1196 S 

Raizman N 2152 P 

Rajasekhar P 1785 C 

Rajeev S 903 C 

Rajendran R 162 CR 

Ramaiah S 639 C 

Ramasubramanian V 1519 

Ramsan M 927 

Ramsay J 1528 

Ramsay S 809 Com 

Ramsey J 1490 CR 

Randall M D 555 C 

Rao S 1614 

Rashid H 1343 C 

Ratcliff A 757 

Ravelli A 767 S 

Ravens-Sieberer U 2171 

Raviglione M 742 Com 

Raymond N 964 CR 

Rees P M 512 Ser 

Regidor D L 1515 C 

Rehm J 1391 Ser, 1975 Com 

Rehm M 1984 Com 

Reidenberg M M 1078 C 

Reilly M 1724 

Reilly T 1117 S 

Reinhold S W 1517 C 

Reiter A 123 

Remuzzi G 1515 C, 1676 Com 

Replogle J 15 WR, 177 WR 

REsearching severe Sepsis and Organ dysfunction in 

children: a gLobal perspectiVE (RESOLVE) study group 

836 

Resnick M D 1058 Com 

Revicki D A 540 Com 

Reynolds E 1601 C 

Reynolds S J 657 

Ribeiro B 1513 C 

Richart T 1407 Com 

Richter L 60 Ser 

Ridolfini M P 766 CP 

Riehm H 123 

Rinkel G J E 306 S 

Riva R 1081 C 

Robbins A 1583 Com 

Roberfroid D 553 C, 740 Com 

Roberts I 987 C 

Roberts J M 1765 Com 

Roberts L 103 C 

Roberts R 1000, 1016 

Robertson S 2076 C 

Rocco B 723 Com 

Rocha V 1906 Com 

Rock T 1762 CR 

Rodrigues L C 987 C 

Rodriguez-Panadero F 1535 

Roeters van Lennep J 798 CR 

Rogers I 578 

Röggla G 2158 C 

Roine R O 275, 826 erratum 

Rollins N 1107, 2073 C, 2159 C 

Romero-Vazquez J 23 C 

Romijn J A 798 CR 

Rose N 700 EF 

Rose S 1919 P 

Rosendahl K 1541 S 

Rosenthal P J 491, 826 erratum 

Rosling H 101 C 

Rossi C M 1786 C 

Rosso S 257 Com 

Rostgaard K 1724 

Rotheram-Borus M J 679 PH 

Rothman A L 1452 

Rothwell P M 254 Com, 283, 1603 

Rouamba N 491, 826 erratum 

Rouanet F 1342 C


Rousseau G 897 P 

Roussos A 2077 C 

Rouster-Stevans K 1602 C 

Rowe A K 2121 R 

Rowlands B 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Ruan D 993 

Ruane P 1169 

Rubagotti A 533 Com 

Rubin B P 1731 S 

Rubin P 1341 C 

Rubinstein P 1947 

Ruhnke M 1519 

Rusconi A M 185 C 

Ruzicka T 1372 CP 

Rybicki S L 539 Com 

Rydén L 189 C 

Rygaard Bennedsen A 2187 

S 

Sacco R L 331 R 

Sacco S 1255 C 

Sachs J D 2143 Com 

Sadler K 741 Com, 1260 erratum 

Saha V 82 Com 

Sahni P 1909 Com 

Saito Y 1090 

Sakata T 1090 

Salmasian H 1167 C 

Salmerón J 2161 

Saloojee H 2074 C 

Salpou D 1166 C 

Samani N J 107 

Samarasekera U 1915 WR 

Sambunjak D 905 C 

SANAD Study group 1000, 1016 

Sánchez Rovira P 29 

Sanci L A 1565 Ser 

Sandborn W J 1641 Ser 

Sanders C J G 271 C 

Sanders D 988 C, 2121 R 

Sandmann W 187 C 

Sandström T 535 Com 

Santerse B 436 CR 

Sargent D J 171 Com 

Sasaki J 1090 

Sasse M 1232 CR 

Sato S 856 CP 

Sattler C 1693 

Saulsbury F T 976 Com, 1857 C 

Saulsbury W 1047 HP 

Saunders N R 821 C 

Savage F 1065 Com, 2075 C 

Sawa H 365 C 

Sawires S R 708 V 

Sawyer S M 1481 Ser 

Sayegh M H 1676 Com 

Sazaki J 1789 C 

Sazawal S 927, 2156 C 

Scaradavou A 1947 

Schäfer W 1664 CR 

Schattner A 2214 CR 

Scheen A J 554 C 

Scheiman J M 1580 Com 

Schellong K 1859 C 

Schievink W I 1402 CR 

Schilperoord M 2187 

Schilsky M L 397 S 

Schirripa G 2171 

Schlaich M P 1208 R 

Schmidt B M W 1208 R 

Schmieder R E 1208 R 

Schneemann M 1762 CR 

Schneider H J 903 C, 1461 S 

Schouten E G 208 

Schramel F 1929 

Schrappe M 123, 1232 CR 

Schrauder A 1232 CR 

Schreiner K 1318 CR 

Schroeder T V 1909 Com 

Schuftan C 988 C 

Schwaiblmair M G 1140 CR 

Schwarz S K W 1972 CR 

Scolding N 1673 Com 

Scott J 967 Com 

Secka O 2088 

Seedat S 139 R 

Seeman E 826 erratum 

Seidemann K 1232 CR 

Seki S 1431 

Selwitz R H 51 S 

Senanayake S 1165 C, 1167 C 

Senegal, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1373 HP 

Seng C Y 1081 C 

Serag H 988 C 

Serot J-M 1080 C 

Serruys P W 667, 1785 C 

Serwadda D 657 

Severi G 1168 C 

Sewankambo N K 657 

Seward J F 558 erratum 

Shackley P 1000, 1016 

Shafi S 1343 C 

Shah K 1955 

Shah R 1938 

Shakiba B 1167 C 

Shankar A 639 C 

Shann F 721 Com 

Shannon S 988 C 

Shanwell A 1724 

Shapiro H 553 C 

Shapiro J R 1928 C 

Shardlow A 1429 C 

Sharma V 1220 Ser 

Sharp D 176 Com, 259 Com, 808 Com, 1982 Com 

Shaw J 2059 Com 

Sheldon C 2076 C 

Sheldon J P 352 Com 

Shen J 1000, 1016 

Shennan A 906 C 

Shepard D S 1410 Com 

Shepherd F A 1903 Com 

Shepherd J 107 

Shepherd S 1405 Com 

Sherman D G 1347 

Shetty P 735 P, 813 WR, 819 P, 1422 P, 1683 P, 2071 P 

Shibu P 904 C 

Shimada K 1090 

Shimizu M 1431 

Shirato K 1090 

Shkolnikov V M 2001 

Shorvon S 1835 Com 

Shribman S 1788 C 

Shukrallah A 988 C 

Shurin S B 2077 C 

Shuster E 526 V 

Sianos G 667 

Sibon I 1342 C 

Siddiqi B 1807 

Siddique S 902 C 

Sidney S 283 

Sie A 2155 C 

Sieper J 1379 S 

Sieving R E 1220 Ser 

Silink M 2059 Com 

Silverstein G 1429 C, 2073 C 

Silvestri D 123 

Simons-Morton D G 2077 C 

Sims E J 1187 

Šimunović V J 905 C 

Sina B J 874 V 

Sinal S 1602 C 

Singer P 553 C 

Singh N K 1688 C 

Singh S 557 C, 741 Com 

Singh Sekhon J 1519 

Sings H L 1693 

Sinha A 389 

Sismanidis C 1955 

Siswantoro H 757 

SITS-MOST Investigators 275, 826 erratum 

Skalli W 968 Com 

Skinner S R 2161 

Slama G 637 C 

Slaymaker E 274 erratum, 557 C 

Sleigh A C 626 Com 

Smeeth L 987 C 

Smit H 1929 

Smith A 988 C 

Smith C T 1000, 1016 

Smith D F 1000, 1016 

Smith E G 1270 

Smith F 823 C 

Smith I 29, 1929 

Smith I E 991 C 

Smith L 988 C 

Smith N H 1270 

Smith P E M 1000, 1016 

Smith R M M 1270 

Snowdon C F 559, 906 erratum, 1600 C 

Sobel J D 1961 S 

Sofo L 766 CP 

Soinne L 275, 826 erratum 

Sola-Gazagnes A 637 C, 1926 C 

Soldatos C R 1257 C 

Solomon S D 2079 

Solon J A 2088 

Sondorp E 987 C 

Sonnenberg P 1270 

Sonntag M 1372 CP 

SOS-KANTO Committee 1925 C 

SOS-KANTO Study group 920 

South Africa, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1373 HP 

Souza R 2157 C 

Sox H C 1909 Com 

Specht S 446 Com 

Spencer S 1416 Com 

Spengos K 1082 C 

Spiegel D 992 C 

Spiegel P B 2187 

Spiessens B 2161 

Spiller R 1586 Com 

Spinney L 1507 WR 

Spinosa-Guzman S 1169 

Spyridopoulos I 81 Com 

Staack R F 1411 Com 

Staessen J A 1407 Com 

Stahl H-D 1259 C 

Stalla G-K 1461 S 

Stansfield S K 779 Ser 

Starrs A 1067 Com 

Stary J 123 

Stearns V 2062 Com 

Steben M 1693 

Steer C 578 

Stein A 1150 Com 

Stein D J 139 R 

Stein Z 367 C 

Steinhoff M 1409 Com 

Stephens D S 2196 S 

Stephens R 1929 

Sterzi R 299, 1255 C, 1342 C 

Stevens C 1947 

Stewart A 559, 906 erratum 

Stewart L A 1791 

Stimmel B 366 C 

Stockler M 1668 Com 

Stockwell T 1391 Ser 

Stoessl A J 2056 Com 

Stoltzfus R J 927 

Stone G W 801 Com, 907 

Strajn T 1429 C 

Strandberg T E 1328 Com, 1860 erratum 

Strasser H 2179 

Strebel P M 191 

Strippoli G F M 346 Com 

Strupp B 60 Ser 

Struyf F 2161 

Strybing K 2097 

Stuart N 559, 906 erratum 

Stubblefield K 371 

Stupin J 1859 C 

Sturdy P 1528 

Sturge J 1391 Ser 

Sturm A W 1440, 1597 C 

Suaya J A 1410 Com 

Subar M 559, 906 erratum 

Suburova L 2001 

Sudarsanam T D 1425 C 

Sued O 1235 Com 

Suen B Y 1621 

Sullivan S G 679 PH 

Summerskill W 260 Com, 355 Com, 1846 Com 

Sun N 1876 

Sundararaman T 2058 Com 

Sundin D P 836 

Sung J J Y 614 CR, 1621 

Surman G 43 

Sutter R W 1356, 1790 erratum 

Sutton R 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Svensson L 1924 C 

Swedberg K 189 C 

Sykes N P 1325 Com 

SYROCOT (Systematic Review on Congenital 

Toxoplasmosis) Study Group 115 

Szekeres G 708 V 


T 

‘t Hoen E F M 173 Com, 1259 C 

Taddeo F J 1693 

Tajima N 1431, 2059 Com 

Takahashi K 844 

Takita M 991 C 

Tamburlini G 1166 C 

Tan H L 78 CR 

Tan T Q 2132 CR 

Tanaka Y 991 C 

Tang C 2097 

Tang G W K 1693 

Tangney C C 166 Com 

Taniguchi I 1431 

Taniguchi M 1431 

Tassi G F 1535 

Taylor D M 345 Com 

Taylor R 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Te Velder E R 743 

Teklehaimanot A 2143 Com 

Templeton A 1077 C 

Thailand, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1373 HP 

Theleritis C G 1257 C, 2077 C 

Theobald J 2070 P 

Thiefin G 1690 C 

Thoen C O 1236 Com 

Thomas D 571 

Thomas J D 2079 

Thomas S 2159 C 

Thompson J R 107 

Thompson K M 1363 

Thorat M A 1428 C 

Thráinsdóttir I 189 C 

Thula S A 1440 

Thurnham D I 2088 

Thyen U 2171 

Tibrewal S 1528 

Tienudom N 974 Com 

Tijssen J G P 827 

Timæus I M 987 C 

Tindana P 874 V 

Tinto H 491, 826 erratum 

Titlestad J 1724 

Tjitra E 757 

To K F 1621 

Todd J 612 V 

Tognoni G 346 Com 

Toji E 1600 C 

Tomes N 698 EF 

Tomita K 1517 C 

Tomkins A M 1440 

Tomkins S 2001 

Tondolo V 188 C 

Toni D 275, 826 erratum 

Tonin V 1239 Com 

Topp M 43 

Torres V E 1287 S 

Torrioli M G 43 

Toto R 87 Com 

Toumbourou J W 1391 Ser 

Tran T N 1724 

Trautwein C 1664 CR 

Treating to New Targets Investigators 26 C 

Trembath R C 1771 Com 

Trevisani F 463 C 

Trial Management Group 738 Com 

Trotta M P 905 C 

Trueb L 1925 C 

Tsatsaris V 1900 CR 

Tschopp J-M 1535 

Tsimpanakos I 464 C 

Tsivgoulis G 1082 C 

Tsuchida K 667 

Tunnicliffe G 964 CR 

Tuomilehto J 365 C 

Turk J 1149 Com 

Turner R 356 Com 

Tuyet H T D 1938 

Tweddell A 1270 

Tylee A 1565 Ser 

U 

Udesky L 979 WR 

Ueda M 1600 C 

UK Cystic Fibrosis Database Steering Committee 1187 

UK-TIA Aspirin Trial 1603 

Ullmann A J 1519 

Ulloa-Gutierrez R 1860 C 

Ulmer H 2179 

Umhau J C 1602 C 

Underwood J 1471 R 

Untch M 29 

Urban P 619 Com 

Usmani O S 342 CR 

Utter G H 1670 Com 

Uusitupa M 365 C 

Uzoigwe C E 1054 CR, 1787 C 

V 

Vaina S 667 

Vallecillo B 474 

Valsartan In Diastolic Dysfunction (VALIDD) 

Investigators 2079 

Valsecchi M G 123 

van Boxtel M P J 208, 1601 C 

van Bunderen C C 436 CR 

van Crevel R 1908 Com 

Van Damme L 787 R 

Van Damme P 460 C 

Van Damme W 638 C 

Van de Velde C J H 559, 906 erratum 

Van der Stuyft P 2160 C 

Van Der Weyden M B 1909 Com 

van Domburg R T 667 

van Erp E J M 1258 C 

Van Eycken E 1692 C 

Van Gaal L F 554 C 

van Gijn J 306 S, 462 C 

Van Herck K 482 

Van Kersschaever G 1692 C 

Van Leemput L 638 C 

van Leeuwen F E 1258 C 

van Lierop T 1790 C 

van Meerbeeck J 1929 

van Oijen M G H 1345 C 

van Santbrink H 1286 CP 

van Tulder M 1815 S 

Vanhooren G 275, 826 erratum 

Vanoli A 1000, 1016 

Vapattanawong P 850 

Varney J 474 

Vassilopoulou S 1082 C 

Vaughan C L 1168 C 

Vaughn D W 1452 

Vazquez M 87 Com 

Venning G 641 C 

Verheugt F W A 439 Com, 827, 1345 C, 1909 Com 

Verhoef H 1799, 2156 C 

Verhoef P 208, 1601 C 

Verma A 2079 

Vermetten E 992 C 

Verroust N 1900 CR 

Vessal K 641 C 

Vignon P 1083 

Villeneuve P 557 C 

Vincent V 742 Com 

Viner R 1130 Ser 

Vittecoq D 1261 

Vlayen J 553 C 

Voiculescu A 187 C 

von Elm E 274 C 

von Hertzen H 1938 

von Kummer R 1341 C 

von Scheidt W 1140 CR 

von Schreeb J 101 C 

Vora H 571 

Vos T 850, 2010 

Vy N D 1938 

W 

Wabwire-Mangen F 657 

Wachs T D 145 Ser 

Wagner G R 973 Com 

Wagner J E 1947 

Wagner T 1140 CR 

Wahlgren N 275, 826 erratum 

Wainwright J 27 C, 1787 C 

Wakabi W 17 WR, 1069 WR, 1847 WR 

Waksman R 881 Com, 1869 

Walker A 1415 Com 

Walker A P 397 S 

Walker D G 2121 R 

Walker F O 218 S 

Walker G 1789 C 

Walker N 956 Ser 

Walker S P 145 Ser 

Wallace A L 2010 

Waller M 738 Com 

Walpole S 1689 C 

Walshe J M 902 C 

Walt G 987 C 

Wang D 836 

Wang L 691 PH 

Wang X 1876 

Wang Y 679 PH 

Wanoose H L 1860 C 

Wanten G 2050 CR 

Warach S 293, 1342 C 

Ward P 586 CP 

Ward S 3 Com, 642 erratum 

Wardley A 29 

Ware J H 907 

Wasserman G A 145 Ser 

Waterhouse J 1117 S 

Watkins H 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Watkins L 1099 

Watson I 904 C 

Watts G 90 Com, 986 O, 1254 O, 1783 P, 1854 O 

Watts J 93 WR, 1917 WR 

Watya S 657 

Wawer M J 657 

Weatherall D 455 P, 1147 Com 

Webb D J 1415 Com 

Webster M 1839 Com 

Webster P 264 WR, 1419 WR 

Weijmar Schulz W 409 Ser 

Weinstein M C 186 C 

Weissman N 1869 

Welch D R 1742 R 

Wellings K 274 erratum, 557 C 

Wen C-P 844 

Wenaweser P 667, 1785 C 

Wenger J 1356, 1790 erratum 

Wessel A 1232 CR 

Wessely S 139 R, 181 P 

West C E 1799 

West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group 107 

West R 1856 C 

Wheeler A P 1553 R 

Wheeler C M 1693, 2161 

White C 1996 C 

White H D 907 

Whiteman D 449 Com 

Whiteside A 1073 P 

Whitney C G 459 C 

Whittaker J 987 C 

WHO Research Group on Postovulatory Method of Fertility 

Regulation 1938 

Wideroff L 1724 

Wiese M F 586 CP 

Wieting S L 2161 

Wikman A 1724 

Wilcken B 37, 1146 Com 

Wilcken N 29, 1668 Com 

Wiley V 37 

Wilhelm T 714 CR 

Wilkin T 1169 

Wilkinson E 1249 WR 

Wilkinson P 987 C 

Williams C 578 

Williams C F M 643, 657 

Williams E 2069 P 

Williams M D 836 

Williamson P R 1000, 1016 

Willson S 1782 P 

Wilson Costello D 7 Com 

Wilson D 844 

Windecker S 667, 1785 C 

Windhausen F 827 

Winikoff B 1904 Com 

Wist E 29 

Wöhrl S 1912 Com 

Wöhrman A 1169 

Wolfson L J 191 

Wong G L H 1621, 2059 Com 

Wong R 1923 C 

Wong T 425 R, 2078 erratum 




Wong V W S 614 CR, 1621 

Wonkam A 1999 C 

Wood A 1270 

Wood C 1688 C 

Wood D M 1490 CR 

Woodward D 12 Com 

Wright J M 168 Com, 1079 C 

Wright N 967 Com, 1673 Com 

Wringe A 612 V 

Wu J C Y 1621 

Wu Z 679 PH 

Wuwung R M 757 

X 

Xu X 1876 

Y 

Yahikozawa H 856 CP 

Yamabe H 187 C 

Yamada T 1431 

Yamamoto T 28 C 

Yamazaki M 856 CP 

Ye W 2015 

Yeo M S 1481 Ser 

Yersin B 1925 C 

Yeung R S M 85 Com 

Yiweza D 2187 

Yokoyama M 1090 

Yoshida H 878 CR 

Yoshida S 1431 

Yoshikawa M 1431 

Young D 2097 

Young J D 1060 Com 

Young M E 229 Ser 

Yue X-L 132 

Yusuf S 106 C 

Z 

Zaba B 612 V, 987 C 

Zacà V 1574 CR 

Zachariah A 2155 C 

Zahl P-H 1690 C 

Zanetti R 257 Com 

Zárate V 825 Com 

Zbar A P 188 C 

Zegdi R 1900 CR 

Zeitler P 1823 R 

Zeitz P S 24 C 

Zell E R 459 C 

Zendehdel K 2015 

Zerres K 2157 C 

Zhang G-C 132 

Zhang M-J 1947 

Zheng X T 2132 CR 

Zhong X Y 1997 C 

Zhou P 371 

Zideman D A 1924 C 

Zile M R 2079 

Zimmermann M 123 

Zimmers T A 352 Com 

Zimmet P 2059 Com 

Zipfel S 946 R 

Zoli G 1080 C 

Zongo I 491, 826 erratum 

Zornitzki T 2214 CR 

Zumla A 1528 

Zwillich T 357 WR, 1989 WR

Index to Volume 369 - The Lancet Conferences

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