Civil Disobedience at the Berlin Wall - Idaho Human Rights ...
Civil Disobedience at the Berlin Wall - Idaho Human Rights ...
Civil Disobedience at the Berlin Wall - Idaho Human Rights ...
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Teacher Handout #1<br />
Section 6<br />
The <strong>Wall</strong><br />
The basic structure of <strong>the</strong> border th<strong>at</strong> divided <strong>Berlin</strong> developed in <strong>the</strong> course of <strong>the</strong> 1960s. To <strong>the</strong> west,<br />
a wall of concrete slabs was erected and capped by a wide cylindrical pipe to prevent an easy grip.<br />
Behind it lay a strip of land approxim<strong>at</strong>ely fifty meters wide studded with barricades, detectors, w<strong>at</strong>ch<br />
towers, and guard dogs on long leads. This part of <strong>the</strong> frontier barriers soon became known as <strong>the</strong><br />
"de<strong>at</strong>h strip'' because <strong>the</strong> East German border guards used <strong>the</strong>ir weapons to thwart <strong>at</strong>tempts <strong>at</strong> escape.<br />
To <strong>the</strong> east, too, <strong>the</strong> border was sealed by a wall. Unlike <strong>the</strong> popul<strong>at</strong>ion on <strong>the</strong> western side, however,<br />
<strong>the</strong> popul<strong>at</strong>ion of <strong>the</strong> GDR was given little opportunity to see <strong>the</strong> frontier for <strong>the</strong>mselves. Usually<br />
design<strong>at</strong>ed as prohibited military zones, <strong>the</strong> areas adjoining <strong>the</strong> border itself were off limits. Even <strong>the</strong><br />
GDR citizens who lived in <strong>the</strong>se districts were required to have special permits or special identific<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
in order to pass. This also went for <strong>the</strong>ir closest rel<strong>at</strong>ives living in East <strong>Berlin</strong> or in <strong>the</strong> GDR who<br />
simply wanted to pay a visit. The "pass" had to be applied for long in advance and was not always<br />
granted.<br />
The border snaked its devast<strong>at</strong>ing way through <strong>the</strong> city, respecting nei<strong>the</strong>r buildings nor long-<br />
established neighborhoods communities. Eventually, only an aerial view made it possible to see wh<strong>at</strong><br />
had once belonged toge<strong>the</strong>r. The insanity of <strong>the</strong> border's p<strong>at</strong>h became particularly clear <strong>at</strong> those places<br />
where even cemeteries were cut in two or, as in 1985, when a church was demolished because it<br />
obstructed <strong>the</strong> view of <strong>the</strong> border guards. The so-called Church of Reconcili<strong>at</strong>ion had been loc<strong>at</strong>ed on<br />
Bernauer Straße. No m<strong>at</strong>ter where one went in West <strong>Berlin</strong>, surveillance was omnipresent.<br />
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