a lot of it; I do not yet know exactly how much. This is all that for now in great haste I am able totell you. I send you loving regards on behalf of our usual friends, and pray the Lord to bless you.FROM SAN MATTEO, THE 3RD DAY OF OCTOBER 1633.Most affectionate daughter,Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy loving kindness:according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out mytransgressions.Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin.For I acknowledge my transgressions: and my sin is ever before me.[51:1, 2, 3]S. M. CelesteIt is not known whether Galileo himself recited the prayers of his penance, either before or afterSuor Maria Celeste assumed the burden, for this was a duty performed in private. In public, Galileoremained ever consistent in his conviction that he had committed no crime.“I have two sources of perpetual comfort,” he wrote retrospectively to his French supporterNicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, “first, that in my writings there cannot be found the faintestshadow of irreverence towards the Holy Church; and second, the testimony of my own conscience,which only I and God in Heaven thoroughly know. And He knows that in this cause for which Isuffer, though many might have spoken with more learning, none, not even the ancient Fathers, havespoken with more piety or with greater zeal for the Church than I.”Hear my prayer, O Lord, and let my cry come unto thee.Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thyhands.They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like agarment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed:But thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. [102:1, 25, 26, 27][ XXIX ]The book of life,or,A prophet accepted inhis own landDuring this episode of anticipated healing at Siena, Galileo sank periodically into despondency. InOctober he confided to his daughter that he felt as though his name had been stricken from the roll
call of the living. The condemnation by the Holy Office, so far exceeding the contumely he hadcome to expect in reaction to his work, branded him an outcast in his own eyes. At his worstmoments, he despaired of ever reestablishing his reputation, of ever bringing the rest of his work tolight. All his life he had attracted jealousy and criticism, sustaining blows dealt in such number andwith such vehemence that he esteemed himself a magnet for malignity.“May it please Blessed God that the final decree regarding your return does not postpone it longerthan we hope,” Suor Maria Celeste wrote right back brightly on October 15.But meanwhile I take endless pleasure in hearing how ardently Monsignor Archbishopperseveres in loving you and favoring you. Nor do I suspect in the slightest that you arecrossed out, as you say, de libro viventium, * certainly not throughout most of theworld, and not even in your own country: on the contrary it seems to me from what Ihear that while you may have been eclipsed or erased very briefly, now you arerestored and renewed, which is a thing that stupefies me, because I am well aware thatordinarily: Nemo Propheta acceptus in patria sua * (I fear that my wanting to use theLatin phrase has perhaps made me utter some barbarism). And surely, Sire, here at theconvent you are also beloved and esteemed more than ever; for all this may the LordGod be praised, as He is the principal source of these graces, which I consider my ownreward, and thus I have no other desire but to show gratitude for them, so that HisDivine Majesty may continue to concede other graces to you, Sire, and to us as well,but above all your health and eternal blessing.Everything Suor Maria Celeste intimated about Galileo’s standing in the wide arena of the worldwas true. His former pupils still revered him, and elsewhere in Europe they spoke out against theinjustice of his condemnation. His supporters included René Descartes in Holland, astronomerPierre Gassendi and mathematicians Marin Mersenne and Pierre de Fermat in France. The Frenchambassador to Rome, François de Noailles, who had studied under Galileo at Padua, campaignedfor his pardon, marching into Rome in 1633 in lavish display, at the head of a cavalcade ofsilver-shod horses attended by liverymen in gold-embroidered coats. *Churchmen, too, let it be known that Galileo had been wronged, though few protested as boldly asthe archbishop of Siena. In Venice, for example, Galileo could still rely on the loyalty of FraFulgenzio Micanzio, theologian to the Venetian republic, whom he had met during his years inPadua. Micanzio had weathered previous papal storms, as in 1606, when Pope Paul V imposed theinterdict against Venice, virtually suspending the celebration of Catholic life in that territory for afull year as a punishment for the republic’s flouting of his authority. Micanzio had stood by hisformer superior, Galileo’s good friend Fra Paolo Sarpi, throughout that ordeal and until Sarpi’sdeath in 1623, when he succeeded him. Similarly, Micanzio would stand by Galileo now.The truly noteworthy attentions of Archbishop Piccolomini, meanwhile, reached well beyond thepalace where Galileo remained his charge, all the way to Galileo’s daughters at the Convent of SanMatteo in Arcetri. The monsignor sent them frequent gifts, including his most excellent wine, whichwas shared among all the nuns, either by the glass or in their soup. Thanks to the archbishop,Galileo could proffer Suor Maria Celeste treats she had never seen or imagined, such as the creamywhite egg- shaped lumps of mozzarella cheese made from water buffalo’s milk.“Lord Father, I must inform you that I am a blockhead,” she admitted in response to this promisedgift, “indeed the biggest one in this part of Italy, because seeing how you wrote of sending me seven‘Buffalo eggs,’ I believed them truly to be eggs, and planned to fry a huge omelette, convinced thatsuch eggs would be very grand indeed, and in so doing I made a merry time for Suor Luisa, wholaughed long and hard at my foolishness.”Here she punned by calling herself a bufala—a word meaning both “blockhead” and “femalebuffalo.” When she learned in a subsequent letter “that Monsignor Archbishop was well aware ofmy gaffe regarding the buffalo eggs, I could not help but blush for shame, although on the other
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Includes bibliographical references
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In Galileo’s TimeFlorentine Weigh
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Galileo found himself lionized as a
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[ II ]This grand bookthe universeTh
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Galileo’s father had opposed the
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set of silken bed-hangings,” he h
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Medici.“If, Most Serene Prince,
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Florentine court. Cosimo I of glori
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daughter-in-law not worthy of her a
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Galileo staged a debate with a phil
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[ V ]In the very faceof the sunIt i
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seen, the great philosopher would q
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from the first of June through mid-
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odily emotions such as anger, regre
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quotations in matters of science—
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Now, lodged at the Tuscan embassy i
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The consultors cast their ballots o
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[ VIII ]Conjecturehere among shadow
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heavens.Galileo, when he witnessed
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pontiff’s frail health, of which
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servant, reverently kissing your he
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Galileo said in The Assayer, “and
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in her sister’s complaints. The y
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with her letter of October 20, she
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wanted Suor Maria Celeste, given he
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that are part of our religious life
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specifically invited Galileo to his
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who had no doubt read Ingoli’s ma
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occasions to engage in conversation
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correspondents in Pisa, Milan, Geno
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the whirling of the Earth, takes al
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What a blow to think that Scheiner,
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