OpportunitiesHIGHLY-SKILLED WORKER INITIATIVESHighly-skilled immigrant labor can be an important part of answering this challenge. With more than 60 percentof the over 800,000 international students studying in STEM or business fields (one-and-a-half times the averageof domestic students), international students offer an ongoing supply of highly-skilled labor that can be integratedinto local economies. 5 With some 1.8 million work-authorized immigrants and refugees who are under-employedor unemployed (at 1.5 times the rate of similarly educated native born workers), better integration of existinginternational talent offers another ripe opportunity. 6The benefits of tapping into these pools of highly-skilled immigrant labor are well documented. A recent studyfrom the American Enterprise Institute and the Partnership for a New American Economy suggested that eachinternational student retained in the STEM fields is associated with more than 2.5 additional jobs for U.S. natives. 7Independent research of more than 500 skilled 8 immigrant clients served by Upwardly Global, a national nonprofitspecializing in integrating skilled immigrants workers, suggests that the full employment of these workers creatednearly 1.4 additional jobs for each jobs skilled immigrants fill intheir professional capacity. 9 Moreover, the increase in wages byfully-employing these skilled immigrant professionals (which alsocreates job openings as they leave their current positions as nannies,cab drivers, wait staff, and cashiers) itself will have a positive impacton local economies. If just five percent of these under-employedimmigrant professionals nationwide could be placed intoprofessional-level jobs paying $40,000 per year, they would add $6billion in tax revenues alone over five years. 10 Increased professionalintegration can spur other positive outcomes, including homeownership,civic participation, and citizenship.Highly-skilled immigrant integrationefforts address critical workforce needsin the current U.S. economy that areprojected to grow over time.Highly-skilled immigrant integration efforts address critical workforce needs in the current U.S. economy thatare projected to grow over time. When American companies can employ the talent they need to develop productsand grow their business, additional American jobs are created throughout the economy. While the STEMshortages call for deep investments and reform in the U.S. educational systems, utilizing highly-skilled immigranttalent should be pursued in the immediate term. Effectively employing highly-skilled immigrant talent is not asubstitute for investments in U.S.-born talent, or a question of favoring immigrants over U.S.-born workers,but a means of creating opportunities for all of us.5 Neil Ruiz, “The Geography of Foreign Students in U.S. Higher Education: Origins and Destinations,” brookings.edu. Global CitiesInitiative: A Joint Project of Brookings Institution and JP Morgan Chase, August 29, 2014, p. 11. http://www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/2014/geography-of-foreign-students.6 Qngoing Ji and Jeanne Batalova, “College Educated Immigrants in the United States,” migrationpolicy.org. Migration Policy Institute,December 27, 2012, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/college-educated-immigrants-united-states.7 Analyzing data comparing employment among the fifty states and the District of Columbia from 2000 to 2007, this report found thatan additional 100 foreign-born workers in STEM fields with advanced degrees from US universities was associated with an additional262 jobs among U.S. natives. Madeline Zavodny, “Immigration and American Jobs,” renewoureconomy.org. Partnership for a NewAmerican Economy and the American Enterprise Institute, December 2011, http://www.renewoureconomy.org/sites/all/themes/pnae/img/NAE_Im-AmerJobs.pdf.8 We utilize the term “skilled” instead of “highly-skilled” here to respect the terminology used by Upwardly Global in its work.9 Note some of the workers assisted by Upwardly Global may have been underemployed and may not have been in STEM fields, suggestingthat these findings may indeed be consistent with the findings of the Partnership for a New American Economy on H-1B andinternational student impact in the economy. “A Look at Skilled Immigrant Workers in the U.S.: Tapping into Global Talent AlreadyHere Results in Clear Economic Benefit for Immigrants and for Nation,” upwardlyglobal.org. Upwardly Global, April 2013, http://www.upwardlyglobal.org/UpwardlyGlobalEconomicImpactReportApril2013.pdf.10 See Imprint, http://www.imprintproject.org/.WELCOMING AMERICA | GUIDE TO <strong>IMMIGRANT</strong> ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | CHAPTER 644
HIGHLY-SKILLED WORKER INITIATIVESImplementation and Model ProgramsMore than half of the seven million high-skilled immigrants in the U.S. were trained abroad and can face commonbarriers to their integration into the U.S. economy, including non-recognition of foreign academic credentials, limitedEnglish proficiency, and lacking cultural workplace and job search skills necessary to obtain employment.Credentialing and LicensingForeign-Trained ProfessionalsNo nationally established standards for assessing educational credentials obtained abroad have been establishedin the U.S. Much of that responsibility lies with the state and local government, along with private groups andprofessional associations. 11 Internationally trained job candidates must find their own ways to prove that their courseworkor skills are valid, and there is a lack of information on services available to help immigrant professionals.A number of organizations are working to address this issue. With 40 years of experience, World EducationServices (WES) is the premiere evaluator of foreign credentials, verifying the authenticity of documents, andproviding a U.S-equivalency for foreign degrees, diplomas, or studies. 12 WES provides more than 100,000evaluations each year that are widely accepted by academic institutions, employers, licensing and certificationboards, and government agencies in the U.S. and Canada. WES’s Global Talent Bridge provides a number of onlineresources, webinars, and other tools to service individual immigrants, refugees, and internationals, as well ascommunity partners, such as those designing and implementing local immigrant economic development initiatives.Upwardly Global provides a series of online professional licensingguides to help job seekers understand the legal steps required to earna state professional license or credential to return to the full practiceof their regulated profession. 13 These guides are written to makethe statutes and regulations more easily understood. State-specificlicensing information has been developed by Upwardly Global forten or more common professions in California, Illinois, Michigan,and New York, with a New Hampshire guide for health careprofessions. 14 The Welcoming Center for New Pennsylvanians(Welcoming Center) has developed detailed career guides for fourhigh-growth industries in Pennsylvania (accountant, mechanical engineer,systems analyst, and teacher). Each guide outlines the processWELCOMING AMERICA | GUIDE TO <strong>IMMIGRANT</strong> ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT | CHAPTER 645.Internationally trained jobcandidates must find their own waysto prove that their coursework orskills are valid, and there is a lackof information on services availableto help immigrant professionals.for becoming a certified professional and provides information about various types of jobs within each field, regionalemployers who hire these professionals, salary ranges, and employment resources. 15Additional licensing and credentialing tools are available online for highly-skilled immigrant job seekers from anyregion of the world. These resources can be promoted by any local immigrant economic development initiative:• Upwardly Global and the Welcome Back Initiative 16 have collaborated on developing a series of onlinehealthcare trainings targeted for physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, which are now available for usersto complete online at their own pace.11 Peter Creticos, Michael Fix, Jeanne Batalova, Amy Beeler, and Rob Paral, “Employing Foreign-Educated Immigrants,”workandeconomy.org. Institute for Work and the Economy, 2007, http://www.workandeconomy.org/Employing%20Internationally%20Educated%Final.pdf.12 See World Education Services, https://www.wes.org/.13 See Upwardly Global, http://www.upwardlyglobal.org/search?SearchableText=online+licensing+guides.14 Ibid, www.upwardlyglobal.org/job-seekers/american-licensed-professions. Upwardly Global does have offices open in Chicago, Detroit,New York, San Francisco, and Silver Spring, Maryland.15 See Welcoming Center for New Pennsylvanians, http://welcomingcenter.org/publications/publication-downloads.16 See Welcome Back Initiative, http://www.welcomebackinitiative.org/wb/index.html.