6 <strong>Nigeria</strong>special advertising sectionGreen shoots of growthAfter years of neglect, both agriculturalproducts and the manufactureof consumer goods areplaying an increasingly important role inthe country’s business affairs.It is the non-oil sector that is actuallydriving economic growth.Dangote Group’s savannah sugar plantation at NumanLast year, non-oil production increasedby 9%, and it is predicted to reachdouble-digit growth this year.President Obasanjo made a point ofgiving high priority to agricultural reformand investment, and that attention isclearly beginning to pay off. His administrationhas introduced a number of highprofileplans, focusing on triplingproduction of particular crops within ashort time period.The government is subsidizing sales ofcocoa seeds and fertilizer, establishing anetwork of nurseries to grow seedlings,and planning to increase production ofcocoa, which at independence 47 yearsago was <strong>Nigeria</strong>’s most valuableexport, from 180,000tons in 2004 to 600,000 tonsa year by 2008.The country has boostedrice production and devotedan extra 7.4 billion acres to itsproduction, so that withinthree years there will be sufficientrice for export as well asfor local consumption.Some analysts believe that asa result of such developments, agriculturecould more effectively improve livingstandards than 30 years of oil productionhas done. The sector is already thelargest employer of labor and couldemploy thousands more with theenhancement of agricultural production.The importance of manufacturing andvalue-added processes is also underreview. The <strong>Nigeria</strong>n Export PromotionCouncil is encouraging local entrepreneursto venture into the internationalmarket with such products. In recentyears, the country has begun exportingflowers, fruits, vegetables and nuts toEuropean markets.Other areas with great potential, saysModupe Sasore, the council’s chief executive,include a variety of foods as wellas beverages, textiles, coal, cocoa, rubber,fabricated metal products andmachinery, tobacco, leather, wood andpaper products.Aliko Dangote, the founding presidentand chief executive of the DangoteGroup, one of the country’s leadingdiversified business conglomerates, sayshis group is undertaking the challenge ofpenetrating other African markets andEurope.The group’s activities encompass therefining, packaging and distribution ofproducts that include sugar, salt, flour,pasta, textiles and cement. Dangote sayshe is investing in developing the agriculturaland manufacturing sectors as thegroup’s core field of expertise, as well asmoving into various infrastructure projects,including power plants, gas pipelines, oilrefineries and port facilities.Encouraging transparencyIt happens in a public place, before an audience consisting ofmembers of the public, and is transmitted live on television.In a process that resembles a TV game show, officials of<strong>Nigeria</strong>’s Bureau of Public Enterprises open envelopes submittedby businesses bidding to purchase state-owned companies.Each envelope could contain any kind of company from apower plant to a fertilizer factory.“We open the envelope and they have to confirm that this isthe one they submitted,” says Irene Chigbue, the bureau’sdirector-general. “We take note of their offers and ask them ifthey want, here and now, to revise their bids.“We then show the public how much they offer. Whoeveroffers the highest bid, right there, gets the company. Nobodycan influence and nobody can interfere with our process.”The successful bidder’s names go to the secretariat of theNational Council on Privatization, and the bid is approved atthat price. “The bidder pays the price and gains ownership ofthe company,” says Chigbue.The privatization procedure begins when a state-owned companyis advertised for sale. Interested parties can explore thefacilities with their own technical, legal and accounting associates,as well as inspect the books and evaluate the plants.Prospective purchasers then have to provide the bureau withtwo envelopes, one containing technical information and theother the financial details. “The technical bid is evaluated, andif the prospective purchaser is found to have demonstrated thetechnical capacity required, the process moves on to theirfinancial bid,” says Chigbue.If six companies bidding for a power plant have proved thatthey meet the technical requirements, they are invited to proceedto the game-show-style finale. The privatization of stateownedenterprises is conducted in this way, she explains, toensure absolute transparency.The national telecommunications company NITEL, describedby Chigbue as the jewel in the telecom sector, was sold lastyear to Transcorp, a <strong>Nigeria</strong>n conglomerate in partnership withBritain’s BT Group and the United Arab Emirates-based Etisalat.The power sector is next on the bureau’s sales list. The statepower holding company has been unbundled, and 11 powerdistribution companies and three thermal power generationstations are among 18 enterprises now on offer.Other state-owned enterprises in the telecommunications,electricity, petroleum refining and mining sectors have beenprivatized or are in the process of privatization.It’s a one-stop shop, says Chigbue. “<strong>Nigeria</strong> has opened itsdoors because the government is eager to attract foreigninvestors.” ❖
special advertising section7The Dangote cement factories inBenue and Obajana will produce 7.5million tons this year and 10 milliontons by 2009. Demand currently standsat 11 million and is expected to rise incorrelation with economic growth.By 2012, says Dangote, annual productioncapacity is expected to hit 20million tons, and there will be enoughcement produced to sustain exports toNorth and South America. “Nearlyeveryone who had shares of BenueCement has now become a millionaire,”he says.The group’s sugar refinery, the largestin Africa, will soon produce the equivalentof 50% of the imported commod -ity. “This investment alone will createabout 35,000 jobs,” says Dangote. Itwill also offer a big advantage for localand multinational companies that needa cost-effective source of sugar.Dangote argues that private-sectorledgrowth is the primary engine ofsustained development and selfreliancein <strong>Nigeria</strong> because it bringstrickle-down benefits for small andmedium-sized businesses and for ordinarycitizens.“We are currently building a tomatoprocessingfactory,” he says. “Thismeans there will be a massive numberof farmers growing tomatoes becausewe will be guaranteeing them a market.If I open a factory to producepotato chips, it means every personfarming potatoes can supply me.”Banking, insurance and pension“What we are doing today in Dangote isnot magic. It is just that we are consistentin doing the right things.“Aliko Dangote, president and chief executive, Dangote Groupreforms have increased the capacity ofthe private sector, he says, empoweringprivate enterprise to lead the country’seconomic growth. “By next year, themargin of money the banks have willforce them to go into mortgages andsimilar services because they will havenowhere to put the money. The bankshave massive liquidity. You can raiseanything from $2 billion and belowlocally because the banks are hungryfor business.”Dangote’s group employs tens ofthousands of workers in the valueaddedmanufacturing and agriculturesectors, and it undertakes corporateresponsibility in the areas of health andeducation.“We have a three-year investmentprogram. We are spending $5.4 billionin the next threeyears. This is nota dream, as wealready have thatsum. It will turnDangote into a$13 billion to $14 billion turnover companyby 2011,” he says.“What we are doing today inDangote is not magic. It is just that weare consistent in doing the right things.We have a vision. We know where wewant to go and we are creating sustainablework.” ❖